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Einerhand AWC, Renes IB, Makkink MK, van der Sluis M, Büller HA, Dekker J. Role of mucins in inflammatory bowel disease: important lessons from experimental models. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14:757-65. [PMID: 12169985 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200207000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronically inflamed mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, caused by an underlying immune imbalance and triggered by luminal substances, including bacteria. Mucus forms a gel layer covering the gastrointestinal tract, acting as a semi-permeable barrier between the lumen and the epithelium. Mucins, the building blocks of the mucus gel, determine the thickness and properties of mucus. In IBD in humans, alterations in both membrane-bound and secretory mucins have been described involving genetic mutations in mucin genes, changes in mucin mRNA and protein levels, degree of glycosylation, sulphation, and degradation of mucins. As mucins are strategically positioned between the vulnerable mucosa and the bacterial contents of the bowel, changes in mucin structure and/or quantity probably influence their protective functions and therefore constitute possible aetiological factors in the pathogenesis of IBD. This hypothesis, however, is difficult to prove in humans. Animal models for IBD permit detailed analysis of those aspects of mucins necessary for protection against disease. These models revealed pertinent data as for how changes in mucins, in particular in MUC2, imposed by immunological or microbial factors, may contribute to the development and/or perpetuation of chronic IBD, and shed some light on possible strategies to counteract disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra W C Einerhand
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, Section Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Room Ee 1571a, Erasmus Medical Centre and Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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52
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Clinch K, Evans GB, Furneaux RH, Rendle PM, Rhodes PL, Roberton AM, Rosendale DI, Tyler PC, Wright DP. Synthesis and utility of sulfated chromogenic carbohydrate model substrates for measuring activities of mucin-desulfating enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:1095-111. [PMID: 12062525 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A chromogenic substrate, 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sodium sulfate was synthesized and used in combination with beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase for detection of the sulfatase, MdsA, by release of 4-nitrophenol. MdsA was originally isolated from the bacterium Prevotella strain RS2 and is believed to be involved in desulfation of sulfomucins, major components of the mucus barrier protecting the human colon surface. The exo nature of the MdsA sulfatase was indicated by its inability to de-esterify the disaccharide 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sodium sulfate. This latter compound was prepared from monosaccharide precursors by two different methods, the shorter requiring just six steps from 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and giving an overall yield of 26.4%. The syntheses of 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside 3-triethylammonium sulfate and 6-triethylammonium sulfate and their use in combination with beta-galactosidase as chromogenic substrates for detecting Bacteroides fragilis sulfatases with different specificities was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Clinch
- Industrial Research Ltd., Gracefield Road, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
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53
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Renes IB, Boshuizen JA, Van Nispen DJPM, Bulsing NP, Büller HA, Dekker J, Einerhand AWC. Alterations in Muc2 biosynthesis and secretion during dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 282:G382-9. [PMID: 11804861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into mucin 2 (Muc2) synthesis and secretion during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, rats were treated with DSS for 7 days. Colonic segments were excised on days 0 (control), 2 (onset of disease), 7 (active disease), and 14 (regenerative phase) for histological evaluation. Explants were metabolically labeled with (35)S-labeled amino acids or [(35)S]sulfate followed by chase incubation. Homogenates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and (35)S-labeled Muc2 was quantified. Also, total Muc2 protein and mRNA were quantified. DSS-induced crypt loss, ulcerations, and concomitant goblet cell loss were most pronounced in the distal colon. Muc2 precursor synthesis increased progressively in the proximal colon but was unaltered in the distal colon during onset and active disease. During the regenerative phase, Muc2 precursor synthesis levels normalized in the proximal colon but increased in the distal colon. Total Muc2 levels paralleled the changes seen in Muc2 precursor synthesis levels. During each disease phase, total Muc2 secretion was unaltered in the proximal and distal colon. [(35)S]sulfate incorporation into Muc2 only decreased in the proximal colon during active disease and the regenerative phase, whereas secretion of [(35)S]sulfate-labeled Muc2 increased. During the regenerative phase, Muc2 mRNA levels were downregulated in both colonic segments. In conclusion, DSS-induced loss of goblet cells was accompanied by an increase or maintenance of Muc2 precursor synthesis, total Muc2 levels, and Muc2 secretion. In the proximal colon, Muc2 became undersulfated, whereas sulfated Muc2 was preferentially secreted. Collectively, these data suggest specific adaptations of the mucus layer to maintain the protective capacities during DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid B Renes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 30, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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54
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Chapter 1 Preparation of carbohydrates for analysis by modern chromatography and electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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55
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Wiggins R, Hicks SJ, Soothill PW, Millar MR, Corfield AP. Mucinases and sialidases: their role in the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections in the female genital tract. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77:402-8. [PMID: 11714935 PMCID: PMC1744407 DOI: 10.1136/sti.77.6.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucinases and sialidases contribute to the process of invasion and colonisation in many conditions and infections of the female reproductive tract by degrading the protective cervical mucus. The role of hydrolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted diseases and their effect on cervical mucus are discussed in this review. METHODS Articles were searched for using the keywords "sialidase," "mucinase," "protease," and "sexually transmitted infections." As well as review and other articles held by our group, searches were conducted using PubMed, Grateful Med, and the University of Bath search engine, BIDS. RESULTS Numerous publications were found describing the production of hydrolytic enzymes in sexually transmitted diseases. Because the number of publications exceeded the restrictions imposed on the size of the review, the authors selected and discussed those which they considered of the most relevance to sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wiggins
- Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Laboratories, University Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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56
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Olmsted SS, Padgett JL, Yudin AI, Whaley KJ, Moench TR, Cone RA. Diffusion of macromolecules and virus-like particles in human cervical mucus. Biophys J 2001; 81:1930-7. [PMID: 11566767 PMCID: PMC1301668 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether or not large macromolecules and viruses can diffuse through mucus, we observed the motion of proteins, microspheres, and viruses in fresh samples of human cervical mucus using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching and multiple image photography. Two capsid virus-like particles, human papilloma virus (55 nm, approximately 20,000 kDa) and Norwalk virus (38 nm, approximately 10,000 kDa), as well as most of the globular proteins tested (15-650 kDa) diffused as rapidly in mucus as in saline. Electron microscopy of cervical mucus confirmed that the mesh spacing between mucin fibers is large enough (20-200 nm) for small viruses to diffuse essentially unhindered through mucus. In contrast, herpes simplex virus (180 nm) colocalized with strands of thick mucus, suggesting that herpes simplex virus, unlike the capsid virus particles, makes low-affinity bonds with mucins. Polystyrene microspheres (59-1000 nm) bound more tightly to mucins, bundling them into thick cables. Although immunoglobulins are too small to be slowed by the mesh spacing between mucins, diffusion by IgM was slowed by mucus. Diffusion by IgM-Fc(5 mu), the Fc pentamer core of an IgM with all 10 Fab moieties removed, was comparably slowed by mucus. This suggests that the Fc moieties of antibodies make low-affinity bonds with mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Olmsted
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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57
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Lithocholic acid and sulphated lithocholic acid differ in the ability to promote matrix metalloproteinase secretion in the human colon cancer cell line CaCo-2. Biochem J 2001. [PMID: 10861227 DOI: 10.1042/bj3490189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 has the ability to sulphate the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LA), whereas other primary or secondary bile acids were not sulphated [Halvorsen, Kase, Prydz, Gharagozlian, Andresen and Kolset (1999) Biochem. J. 343, 533--539]. To study the biological implications of this modification, CaCo-2 cells were incubated with either LA or sulphated lithocholic acid (3-sulpholithocholic acid, SLA), and in some experiments with taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid. Increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) correlates with transformation of colon epithelial cells. When CaCo-2 cells were incubated with LA, the secretion of MMP-2 was found to increase approx. 60% when analysed by gelatin zymography, and 80% when analysed by Western blotting. SLA, in contrast, did not affect the level of MMP-2 secretion, and after zymography the level of enzyme activity was 78% of control values after 18 h incubation. The secretion of MMPs is linked to increased cellular invasion and, in tumours, to increased capacity for metastasis. The ability of CaCo-2 cells to invade in a chamber assay was stimulated after exposure to LA, whereas SLA-treated cells did not differ from control cells. LA therefore seems to induce a more invasive CaCo-2 cell phenotype, as judged by the two parameters tested, whereas the sulphated counterpart, SLA, did not have these effects. Sulphation of LA in the colon may be an important mechanism to decrease the potential LA has to promote a malignant epithelial phenotype.
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58
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Campbell BJ, Rowe GE, Leiper K, Rhodes JM. Increasing the intra-Golgi pH of cultured LS174T goblet-differentiated cells mimics the decreased mucin sulfation and increased Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Gal beta1-3GalNac alpha-) expression seen in colon cancer. Glycobiology 2001; 11:385-93. [PMID: 11425799 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer share common properties of reduced sulfation and increased oncofetal carbohydrate antigen expression. It has previously been shown that there is no simple correlation between these changes and the activity of the relevant glycosyl-, sialyl-, and sulfo-transferases. We examined mucin sulfation and expression of oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (galactosyl beta1-3N-acetylgalactosamine alpha-) in the goblet cell-differentiated human colon cancer cell line LS174T following treatment with bafilomycin A(1, )which raises intra-Golgi pH, or monensin, which disrupts medial-trans Golgi transport. Cells were dual-labeled with sodium [(35)S]-sulfate and D-[6-(3)H(N)]-glucosamine hydrochloride, or labeled with L-[U-(14)C]-threonine alone. Mucin was purified using Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration. Mucin sulfo-Lewis(a) and TF antigen expression were assessed using the F2 anti-sulfo-Lewis(a) monoclonal antibody and peanut agglutinin binding respectively. Bafilomycin (0.01 microM; 48 h) reduced total mucin sulfation, expressed relative to incorporation of glucosamine, to 0.50 +/- 0.04 d.p.m. [(35)S]-sulfate per d.p.m. [(3)H]-glucosamine compared to control, 0.84 +/- 0.05 (p < 0.001, n = 16). This was accompanied by 50.3 +/- 8.0% increased expression of TF antigen (p < 0.01) and 50.1 +/- 5.5% decreased expression of sulfo-Lewis(a) (p < 0.01). The reduced sulfate:glucosamine ratio was largely due to increased incorporation of glucosamine into newly synthesized mucin rather than reduction in total sulfate incorporation. In contrast, monensin only reduced total mucin glycosylation at concentrations > 0.1 microM and had no significant effect on mucin sulfation or TF expression. Intra-Golgi alkalinization affects mucin glycosylation, resulting in decreased mucin sulfation and increased expression of TF antigen, changes that mimic those seen in cancerous and premalignant human colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Campbell
- Glycobiology Group, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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59
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Jeannon JP, Aston V, Stafford FW, Soames JV, Wilson JA. Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 glycoproteins in laryngeal cancer. CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2001; 26:109-12. [PMID: 11309050 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2001.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of MUC1 and MUC2 glycoproteins in laryngeal cancer and to determine if mucin expression is related to prognosis. The study included laryngeal specimens from 57 patients comprising of 36 laryngeal carcinomas and 21 normal controls. High MUC1 expression was found in both carcinomas and normal control groups (P = 0.689, Fisher's exact test). High levels of MUC2 expression were only detected in carcinomas versus controls (P = 0.009, Fisher's exact test). Using multivariate analysis neither MUC1 nor MUC2 expression significantly related to survival. MUC1 expression however, did correlate with T stage. Advanced T stage was associated with prognosis (P = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jeannon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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60
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Park Y, Shin CY, Lee WJ, Jo MJ, Ryu JR, Choi EY, Kim KC, Ko KH. Immunological characterization of a mucin-associated protein from hamster tracheal epithelial cell culture. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2001; 20:123-9. [PMID: 11394531 DOI: 10.1089/02724570152057625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucins are high molecular mass (>10(6) dalton) glycoproteins with various types of associated molecules including glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and lipids. The study of mucin-associated proteins is limited largely due to the lack of specific probes. In this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody, MAbHT10, against a 190-kDa mucin associated-protein by immunizing mice with hamster airway mucin purified in nondissociative condition. Using HT10, the 190-kDa mucin-associated protein was characterized immunologically. The 190-kDa mucin-associated protein is glycoprotein and HT10 recognized carbohydrate containing portion of the protein. The association of 190-kDa protein with mucin is strong enough that heat and detergent treatment is required to dissociate it from mucin as evidenced by gel filtration chromatography, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), and co-immunoprecipitation. The expression of the 190-kDa protein is increased with the development of hamster tracheal epithelial cells in culture, but showed differences with the pattern of the regulation of mucin expression. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a known strong mucin secretagogue, dose-dependently increased mucin release but caused only marginal increase in the release of the 190-kDa protein. The MAb should be useful in the structural and functional analysis of the 190-kDa mucin-associated proteins in physiological and pathological situations such as chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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61
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Jeannon JP, Stafford FW, Soames JV, Wilson JA. Altered MUC1 and MUC2 glycoprotein expression in laryngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 124:199-202. [PMID: 11226957 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2001.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether mucin expression is altered in laryngeal cancer. MUC1 and MUC2 mucin expression was examined in biopsy specimens from 80 patients that comprised 23 laryngeal dysplasias, 36 laryngeal carcinomas, and 21 normal larynx control specimens. High MUC1 expression was found in all 3 groups (P = 0.689, Fisher exact test). However, significantly higher levels of MUC2 expression were detected in carcinomas compared with dysplasias and control specimens (P = 0.009, Fisher exact test). Altered MUC2 expression may be an important step in carcinogenesis in laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jeannon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Woodford Williams Building, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, Tyne & Wear, UK
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62
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Nieuw Amerongen AV, Roukema PA, Veerman EC, Vissink A. The historical development of salivary research in The Netherlands. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1928-32. [PMID: 11201040 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790120101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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63
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Marin F, Corstjens P, de Gaulejac B, de Vrind-De Jong E, Westbroek P. Mucins and molluscan calcification. Molecular characterization of mucoperlin, a novel mucin-like protein from the nacreous shell layer of the fan mussel Pinna nobilis (Bivalvia, pteriomorphia). J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20667-75. [PMID: 10770949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003006200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA expression library constructed from mantle tissue mRNA of the Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis was screened with antibodies raised against the acetic acid-soluble shell matrix of the same species. This resulted in the isolation of a 2138-base pair cDNA, containing 13 tandem repeats of 93 base pairs. The deduced protein has a molecular mass of 66.7 kDa and a isoelectric point of 4.8. This protein, which is enriched in serine and proline residues, was overexpressed, purified, and used for producing polyclonal antibodies. Immunological in situ and in vitro tests showed that the protein is localized in the nacreous aragonitic layer of P. nobilis, but not in the calcitic prisms. Because this protein of the nacre of P. nobilis exhibits some mucin-like characteristics, we propose the name mucoperlin. This is the first paper reporting the cloning of a molluscan mucin and the first molecular evidence for the involvement of a mucin in molluscan calcification. This finding corroborates our previous hypothesis that some of the proteinaceous constituents of the molluscan shell matrix would derive from mucins, common to many metazoan lineages of the late Precambrian (Marin, F., Smith, M., Isa, Y., Muyzer, G. and Westbroek, P. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 1554-1559). The adaptation of an ancestral mucin to a new function, the regulation of the mineralization process, may be one of the molecular events, among others, that would explain the simultaneous emergence of organized calcification in many metazoan lineages during the Cambrian explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marin
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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64
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Halvorsen B, Staff AC, Ligaarden S, Prydz K, Kolset SO. Lithocholic acid and sulphated lithocholic acid differ in the ability to promote matrix metalloproteinase secretion in the human colon cancer cell line CaCo-2. Biochem J 2000; 349:189-93. [PMID: 10861227 PMCID: PMC1221136 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3490189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 has the ability to sulphate the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LA), whereas other primary or secondary bile acids were not sulphated [Halvorsen, Kase, Prydz, Gharagozlian, Andresen and Kolset (1999) Biochem. J. 343, 533--539]. To study the biological implications of this modification, CaCo-2 cells were incubated with either LA or sulphated lithocholic acid (3-sulpholithocholic acid, SLA), and in some experiments with taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid. Increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) correlates with transformation of colon epithelial cells. When CaCo-2 cells were incubated with LA, the secretion of MMP-2 was found to increase approx. 60% when analysed by gelatin zymography, and 80% when analysed by Western blotting. SLA, in contrast, did not affect the level of MMP-2 secretion, and after zymography the level of enzyme activity was 78% of control values after 18 h incubation. The secretion of MMPs is linked to increased cellular invasion and, in tumours, to increased capacity for metastasis. The ability of CaCo-2 cells to invade in a chamber assay was stimulated after exposure to LA, whereas SLA-treated cells did not differ from control cells. LA therefore seems to induce a more invasive CaCo-2 cell phenotype, as judged by the two parameters tested, whereas the sulphated counterpart, SLA, did not have these effects. Sulphation of LA in the colon may be an important mechanism to decrease the potential LA has to promote a malignant epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Halvorsen
- Institute for Nutrition Research, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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65
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Wright DP, Knight CG, Parkar SG, Christie DL, Roberton AM. Cloning of a mucin-desulfating sulfatase gene from Prevotella strain RS2 and its expression using a Bacteroides recombinant system. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:3002-7. [PMID: 10809675 PMCID: PMC94482 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.11.3002-3007.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding the mucin-desulfating sulfatase in Prevotella strain RS2 has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in an active form. A 600-bp PCR product generated using primers designed from amino acid sequence data was used to isolate a 5,058-bp genomic DNA fragment containing the mucin-desulfating sulfatase gene. A 1,551-bp open reading frame encoding the sulfatase proprotein was identified, and the deduced 517-amino-acid protein minus its signal sequence corresponded well with the published mass of 58 kDa estimated by denaturing gel electrophoresis. The sulfatase sequence showed homology to aryl- and nonarylsulfatases with different substrate specificities from the sulfatases of other organisms. No sulfatase activity could be detected when the sulfatase gene was cloned into Escherichia coli expression vectors. However, cloning the gene into a Bacteroides expression vector did produce active sulfatase. This is the first mucin-desulfating sulfatase to be sequenced and expressed. A second open reading frame (1,257 bp) was identified immediately upstream from the sulfatase gene, coding in the opposite direction. Its sequence has close homology to iron-sulfur proteins that posttranslationally modify other sulfatases. By analogy, this protein is predicted to catalyze the modification of a serine group to a formylglycine group at the active center of the mucin-desulfating sulfatase, which is necessary for enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Yang DH, Tsuyama S, Hotta K, Katsuyama T, Murata F. Expression of N-acetylglucosamine residues in developing rat fundic gland cells. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2000; 32:187-93. [PMID: 10841313 DOI: 10.1023/a:1004051408239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of rat fundic gland was studied by immunohistochemistry using a recently developed monoclonal antibody, HIK 1083, at both light and electron microscope levels. Antibody HIK 1083 recognized oligosaccharides with a non-reducing terminal alpha-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue. In the developing rat fundic gland, cells expressing alpha-GlcNAc residues were discernible from day 19.5 of gestation and continued to exist till adult. The distribution of the alpha-GlcNAc expressing cells was consistent with that described previously for cells reacting to Griffonia simplicifolia lectin (GSA-II) in all developmental stages. These cells were located at the bottom of the fundic gland when they first appeared. With the elongation and maturation of the gland, these cells moved upwards and were finally restricted in the neck region of the gland. Combining previous reports and the present electron microscopical observations, HIK 1083-positive cells in the adult rat fundic gland are mucous neck cells. The interaction between antibody HIK 1083 and GSA-II lectin was investigated. GSA-II prevented the subsequent binding of HIK 1083, while HIK 1083 did not prevent GSA-II binding to mucous neck cells. Our results suggested that alpha-GlcNAc residues exist in rat fundic gland from day 19.5 of gestation and continue to exist till adult. Cells expressing alpha-GlcNAc residues appeared as typical mucous neck cells from postnatal four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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67
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Bolscher JG, Groenink J, van der Kwaak JS, van den Keijbus PA, van 't Hof W, Veerman EC, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Detection and quantification of MUC7 in submandibular, sublingual, palatine, and labial saliva by anti-peptide antiserum. J Dent Res 1999; 78:1362-9. [PMID: 10403464 DOI: 10.1177/00220345990780071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The large carbohydrate moiety of low-Mr salivary mucin MUC7 (originally referred to as MG2) is subject to variations. Biochemical analysis and quantification of MUC7 in saliva samples require recognition tools that are independent of the carbohydrate moiety. Therefore, we have evoked three antisera to synthetic peptides of MUC7. One of these (CpMG2), raised against the C-terminal peptide, recognized native MUC7 in saliva and was characterized further. Recognition of MUC7 by CpMG2 turned out to be specific, resistant to dissociating and reductive treatments, and independent of glycosylation differences, as indicated by Western analysis and ELISA. The antiserum could be used to monitor MUC7 during purification procedures. MUC7 was demonstrated in small volumes of saliva from all (sero)mucous glands, including the palate and lip. Analysis with antibodies and lectins indicated large variations in amount as well as in glycosylation of MUC7. An ELISA was developed to determine the relative quantity of MUC7 in the glandular salivas: mean values of approximately 220, 980, and 100 microg mucin per mL were found in submandibular, sublingual, and palatine saliva, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bolscher
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Oral Biochemistry, The Netherlands
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Loveless RW, Yuen CT, Tsuiji H, Irimura T, Feizi T. Monoclonal antibody 91.9H raised against sulfated mucins is specific for the 3'-sulfated Lewisa tetrasaccharide sequence. Glycobiology 1998; 8:1237-42. [PMID: 9858646 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.12.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IgG1hybridoma antibody, 91.9H, was originally raised against sulfated mucins isolated from normal human colonic mucosa. Previous studies have shown that the 91.9H antigen is expressed on normal colonic epithelial cells and the sulfomucins that they produce, but not in the normal small intestine and stomach. Tissue-specific changes occur in 91.9H antigen expression in disease: the antigen diminishes in colonic carcinomas, whereas in regions of gastric mucosa showing intestinal metaplasia and in gastric carcinomas, the antigen is expressed as a "neo-antigen." This report is concerned with elucidation, by the neoglycolipid technology, of the determinant recognized by antibody 91.9H using sulfated and sialyl oligosaccharides of Lewisa(Lea) and Lextypes, and analogs that lack sulfate, sialic acid, or fucose. Binding experiments with the lipid-linked oligosaccharides immobilized on chromatograms or on microwells, and inhibition of binding experiments with free oligosaccharides based on di-, tri- and tetrasaccharide backbones, show that the 91.9H antigenic determinant is based on a trisaccharide backbone, and consists of the 3'-sulfated Leatetrasaccharide sequence, which is a potent ligand for the E- and L-selectins. The antibody gives a relatively low signal with the 3'-sulfated non-fucosylated backbone, and has no detectable cross-reaction with the 3'-sulfated Lexisomer, nor with sialyl-Leaand -Lexanalogues. Antibody 91.9H is a valuable addition, therefore, to the repertoire of reagents for mapping details of the distribution, and determining the relative importance of sulfated and sialyl oligosaccharides as ligands for the selectins, in normal and pathological epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Loveless
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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