51
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He XX, Zhang R, Zuo PY, Liu YW, Zha XN, Shan SS, Liu CY. The efficacy advantage of evolocumab (AMG 145) dosed at 140mg every 2weeks versus 420mg every 4weeks in patients with hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 38:52-60. [PMID: 28341307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolocumab (AMG 145), a PCSK9 inhibitor, has been shown to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Doses of 140mg administered every 2weeks (Q2W) and 420mg administered every 4weeks (Q4W) are widely used, and both dosing schedules were effective in clinical trials. However, some researchers have speculated that 140mg Q2W administration has equal or even greater efficacy. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the differences in efficacy and safety between the two doses. METHODS We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant clinical trials published before January 2016. A total of 2403 patients from 8 randomized controlled trials were identified and included in the analysis. RESULTS Evolocumab administered at 140mg Q2W resulted in a greater percent change from baseline in LDL-C concentration (-7.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), -10.36 to -4.18) and had greater efficacy in achieving the treatment goal of LDL-C ≤1.8mmol/L with an relative risk (RR) of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.18) compared with 420mg Q4W in patients who were concomitantly treated with statins. These findings were not significantly different between the 140mg Q2W and 420mg Q4W groups when evolocumab was administered as monotherapy. There was no difference in the rate of occurrence of the main treatment-related adverse events between the two doses. CONCLUSIONS Evolocumab administered at 140mg Q2W was more effective than the 420mg Q4W dosage at lowering lipid concentrations, especially in patients who concomitantly received stable statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zha
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Shuai Shan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Health Ministry, Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Lifestyle and Dietary Determinants of Serum Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B Concentrations: Cross-Sectional Analyses within a Swedish Cohort of 24,984 Individuals. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030211. [PMID: 28264492 PMCID: PMC5372874 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 concentrations and high serum ApoB concentrations may be better markers of the risk of cardiovascular disease than high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, the associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and Apo concentrations have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between Apo concentrations and education, lifestyle factors and dietary intake (macronutrients and 34 food groups). These cross-sectional associations were examined among 24,984 individuals in a Swedish population-based cohort. Baseline examinations of the cohort were conducted between 1991 and 1996. Dietary intake was assessed using a modified diet history method. The main determinants of high ApoA1 concentrations (r between 0.05 and 0.25) were high alcohol consumption, high physical activity, non-smoking, and a low body mass index (BMI), and the main determinants of high ApoB concentrations were smoking and a high BMI. The intake of sucrose and food products containing added sugar (such as pastries, sweets, chocolate, jam/sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages) was negatively correlated with ApoA1 concentrations and positively correlated with ApoB concentrations and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, whereas the intake of fermented dairy products, such as fermented milk and cheese, was positively correlated with ApoA1 concentrations and negatively correlated with the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. These results indicate that smoking, obesity, low physical activity, low alcohol consumption and a diet high in sugar and low in fermented dairy products are correlated with an unfavorable Apo profile.
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53
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Zheng J, Yin Q, Cao J, Zhang B. Obesity contributes more to increasing ApoB/ApoA1 ratio than hyperandrogenism in PCOS women aged 20-38 years in China. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1337-1342. [PMID: 28413474 PMCID: PMC5377295 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between the apolipoprotein B (ApoB)/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) ratio and insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) adults. We also examined whether hyperandrogenism is involved in obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in a cohort of patients. A clinical cross-sectional study consisting of 532 Chinese PCOS adults aged 20–38 years was designed. Each subject underwent a physical examination and laboratory evaluation. We found that the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with MS compared to those without MS. This test provided 83.6% sensitivity and 67.6% specificity with a threshold value of 0.60 in MS. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio increased significantly as the number of MS components increased. After adjusting for age, the patients with MS or IR were more likely to be in the high ApoB/ApoA1 group, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was associated significantly with each of the MS components, high free testosterone (FT), and high free androgen index (FAI). After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), the association persisted for all factors excluding high blood pressure (BP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high FT, and high FAI. Therefore, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was strongly associated with IR, MS and its components, high FT, and high FAI. A high ApoB/ApoA1 ratio appears to be a good predictive marker of MS in Chinese PCOS adults. Obesity, especially central obesity, contributes more to increasing ApoB/ApoA1 ratio than increased BP, FPG, FT and FAI in this cohort of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Juanyi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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54
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Islam S, Anand S, McQueen M, Hamid J, Thabane L, Yusuf S, Beyene J. Classification rules for identifying individuals at high risk of developing myocardial infarction based on ApoB, ApoA1 and the ratio were determined using a Bayesian approach. J Appl Stat 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2016.1270912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Islam
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. McQueen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Hamid
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - L. Thabane
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Nayak P, Panda S, Thatoi PK, Rattan R, Mohapatra S, Mishra PK. Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins in Essential Hypertensive Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC01-BC04. [PMID: 27891330 PMCID: PMC5121668 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20985.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Essential hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the Indian population contributing greatly to the morbidity, mortality and economic burden. It has a strong association with cardiovascular disease and abnormal lipid metabolism. Not only the traditional lipid parameters, but also the novel lipid components like Apo A1 and Apo B100 also have been identified to play a role. AIM The present study was done to evaluate serum lipid profile and Apo A1, Apo B 100 in essential hypertensive patients and correlate their values with the degree of hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting samples from 55 age and sex matched controls and 55 essential hypertensives were tested for plasma glucose, serum urea, creatinine, lipid profile, apo A1 and apo B100. The cases were subclassified based on the severity of hypertension according to JNC criteria. RESULTS The study showed a significantly raised value for serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in the hypertensive patients than the control group whereas serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) registered a fall in the cases. Apo A1 revealed a non-significant fall in the hypertensive patients. In contrast, there was a rise in the serum apo B100 in the cases. Apo B100/apo A1 ratio was significantly raised in both stage I and stage II hypertensive patients in comparision to the controls. When correlated, serum apo A1 revealed a negative association where as serum apo B 100 showed a positive association with systolic and diastolic bloood pressure. Both LDL/HDL and apoB100/apo A1 and apo B100 revealed a significant positive association with both SBP and DBP. However, apoB100/apo A1 revealed a more positive association in comparision to LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.749, p<0.001, r=0.756, p<0.001 vs r=0.336, p<0.000, r=0.312, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Apo B100/apoA1 has emerged as an important complementary parameter in addition to traditional lipid ratio for evaluation of risk for future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsuram Nayak
- Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Suchismita Panda
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pravat Kumar Thatoi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Roma Rattan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Srikrushna Mohapatra
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pramila Kumari Mishra
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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56
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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Gu L, Liu Z, Jia J, Chen X. Effects of phospholipid complexes of total flavonoids from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves on experimental atherosclerosis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:245-253. [PMID: 27340105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The total flavonoids from Persimmon leaves (PLF), extracted from the leaves of Diospyros kaki L. Dispryosl and Ebenaceae, is reported to possess many beneficial health effects. However, the oral bioavailability of PLF is relatively low due to its poor solubility. In the present study, the phospholipid complexes of total flavonoids from Persimmon leaves (PLF-PC) was prepared to enhance the oral bioavailability of PLF and to evaluate its antiatherosclerotic properties in atherosclerosis rats in comparison to PLF. A HPLC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of quercetin and kaempferol in rats plasma to assess the oral bioavailability of PLF-PC. The effect of PLF (50mg/kg/d) and PLF-PC (equivalent to PLF 50mg/kg/d) on atherosclerosis rats induced by excessive administration of vitamin D (600,000IU/kg) and cholesterol (0.5g/kg/d) was assessed after orally administered for 4 weeks. The relative bioavailabilities of quercetin and kaempferol in PLF-PC relative to PLF were 242% and 337%, respectively. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in serum were measured by an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The morphological changes of aorta were observed with optical microscopy. According to the levels of biochemical parameters in serum and the morphological changes of aorta, PLF-PC showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to PLF. Thus, PLF-PC holds a promising potential for increasing the oral bioavailability of PLF. Moreover, PLF-PC exerts better therapeutic potential in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease than PLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ziying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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57
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Vogt S, Wahl S, Kettunen J, Breitner S, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Suhre K, Waldenberger M, Kratzsch J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Peters A, Grallert H, Ala-Korpela M, Thorand B. Characterization of the metabolic profile associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a cross-sectional analysis in population-based data. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1469-1481. [PMID: 27605587 PMCID: PMC5100623 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous observational studies have observed associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic diseases, but these findings might be confounded by obesity. A characterization of the metabolic profile associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, in general and stratified by abdominal obesity, may help to untangle the relationship between vitamin D, obesity and cardiometabolic health. METHODS Serum metabolomics measurements were obtained from a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)- and a mass spectrometry (MS)-based platform. The discovery was conducted in 1726 participants of the population-based KORA-F4 study, in which the associations of the concentrations of 415 metabolites with 25(OH)D levels were assessed in linear models. The results were replicated in 6759 participants (NMR) and 609 (MS) participants, respectively, of the population-based FINRISK 1997 study. RESULTS Mean [standard deviation (SD)] 25(OH)D levels were 15.2 (7.5) ng/ml in KORA F4 and 13.8 (5.9) ng/ml in FINRISK 1997; 37 metabolites were associated with 25(OH)D in KORA F4 at P < 0.05/415. Of these, 30 associations were replicated in FINRISK 1997 at P < 0.05/37. Among these were constituents of (very) large very-low-density lipoprotein and small low-density lipoprotein subclasses and related measures like serum triglycerides as well as fatty acids and measures reflecting the degree of fatty acid saturation. The observed associations were independent of waist circumference and generally similar in abdominally obese and non-obese participants. CONCLUSIONS Independently of abdominal obesity, higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a metabolite profile characterized by lower concentrations of atherogenic lipids and a higher degree of fatty acid polyunsaturation. These results indicate that the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic diseases is unlikely to merely reflect obesity-related pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogt
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, .,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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58
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Sandhu PK, Musaad SMA, Remaley AT, Buehler SS, Strider S, Derzon JH, Vesper HW, Ranne A, Shaw CS, Christenson RH. Lipoprotein Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) Systematic Review. J Appl Lab Med 2016; 1:214-229. [PMID: 27840858 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists about the incremental utility of nontraditional lipid biomarkers [e.g., apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo A-I, and non-HDL-C] in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction when added to a conventional model of traditional risk factors (e.g., total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, sex, age, smoking status, and blood pressure). Here we present a systematic review that was conducted to assess the use of nontraditional lipid biomarkers including apo B, apo A-I, apo B/A-I ratio, and non-HDL-C in improving CVD risk prediction after controlling for the traditional risk factors in populations at risk for cardiovascular events. CONTENT This systematic review used the Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP™) A-6 methods. A total of 9 relevant studies published before and including July 2015 comprised the evidence base for this review. Results from this systematic review indicated that after the adjustment for standard nonlipid and lipid CVD risk factors, nontraditional apolipoprotein biomarkers apo B (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22-1.40; 4 studies) and apo B/apo A-I ratio (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38; 7 studies) resulted in significant improvement in long-term CVD risk assessment. SUMMARY Available evidence showed that nontraditional lipid biomarkers apo B and apo B/apo I ratio can improve the risk prediction for cardiovascular events after controlling for the traditional risk factors for the populations at risk. However, because of insufficient evidence, no conclusions could be made for the effectiveness of apo A-I and non-HDL-C lipid markers to predict the CVD events, indicating a need for more research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit K Sandhu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Salma M A Musaad
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Institutes of Health, Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Sonya Strider
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Hubert W Vesper
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clinical Standardization Programs, Protein Biomarker and Lipid Reference Laboratory, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne Ranne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Colleen S Shaw
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
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59
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Miller PE, Martin SS, Joshi PH, Jones SR, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Sponseller CA, Toth PP. Pitavastatin 4 mg Provides Significantly Greater Reduction in Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol Compared With Pravastatin 40 mg: Results from the Short-term Phase IV PREVAIL US Trial in Patients With Primary Hyperlipidemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia. Clin Ther 2016; 38:603-9. [PMID: 26922296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Remnants are partially hydrolyzed, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that are implicated in atherosclerosis. We assessed the adequacy of pitavastatin 4 mg and pravastatin 40 mg in reducing atherogenic lipid parameters beyond LDL-C, in particular remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C). METHODS From the Phase IV, multicenter, randomized, double-blind PREVAIL US (A Study of Pitavastatin 4 mg Vs. Pravastatin 40 mg in Patients With Primary Hyperlipidemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia) trial, we examined lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions using Vertical Auto Profile testing and apolipoproteins B and A-I at baseline and 12 weeks. Participants with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia had LDL-C levels of 130 to 220 mg/dL and triglyceride levels ≤ 400 mg/dL. In this post hoc analysis, changes in lipid parameters were compared by using ANCOVA. FINDINGS Lipoprotein subfraction data were available in 312 patients (pitavastatin, n = 157; pravastatin, n = 155). Pitavastatin promoted a greater reduction in RLP-C than pravastatin (-13.6 [8.7] vs -9.3 [9.5] mg/dL). Furthermore, the pitavastatin group reported greater reductions in both components of RLP-C (both, P < 0.001): intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.5 [6.3] vs -6.4 [6.6] mg/dL) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfraction 3 (-4.1 [3.5] vs -2.9 [3.8] mg/dL). There were also greater reductions in the major ratios of risk (apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I and total cholesterol/HDL-C) (both, P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in HDL-C, its subfractions, or natural log lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol. The mean age was 58.8 ± 8.9 years in the pitavastatin group and 57.0 ± 10.2 years in the pravastatin group. IMPLICATIONS Compared with pravastatin 40 mg daily, pitavastatin 4 mg provided superior reductions in atherogenic lipid parameters beyond LDL-C, including RLP-C. Future studies are needed investigate the clinical implications of lowering directly measured RLP-C as the principal target. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01256476.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Elliott Miller
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Parag H Joshi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Peter P Toth
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois and the University of Illinois School of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
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Saraf R, Huang T, Mahmood F, Owais K, Bardia A, Khabbaz KR, Liu D, Senthilnathan V, Lassaletta AD, Sellke F, Matyal R. Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a Swine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146481. [PMID: 26766185 PMCID: PMC4713205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a swine model of metabolic syndrome. Methods Yorkshire swine (n = 8 per group) were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-cholesterol (HCD) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). Results There was significant increase in body mass index, blood glucose and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in HCD group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the HCD aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-β (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and MMP-9 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the HCD aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, Apaf-1 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of HCD (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high cholesterol diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and–dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the HCD group. Conclusion Preclinical metabolic syndrome initiates pro-apoptosis and pro-fibrosis pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabya Saraf
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khurram Owais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amit Bardia
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kamal R. Khabbaz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Venkatachalam Senthilnathan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio D. Lassaletta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Frank Sellke
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cameron SJ, Morrell CN, Bao C, Swaim AF, Rodriguez A, Lowenstein CJ. A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Effect for High Density Lipoprotein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144372. [PMID: 26680360 PMCID: PMC4683005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein has anti-inflammatory effects in addition to mediating reverse cholesterol transport. While many of the chronic anti-inflammatory effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are attributed to changes in cell adhesion molecules, little is known about acute signal transduction events elicited by HDL in endothelial cells. We now show that high density lipoprotein decreases endothelial cell exocytosis, the first step in leukocyte trafficking. ApoA-I, a major apolipoprotein of HDL, mediates inhibition of endothelial cell exocytosis by interacting with endothelial scavenger receptor-BI which triggers an intracellular protective signaling cascade involving protein kinase C (PKC). Other apolipoproteins within the HDL particle have only modest effects upon endothelial exocytosis. Using a human primary culture of endothelial cells and murine apo-AI knockout mice, we show that apo-AI prevents endothelial cell exocytosis which limits leukocyte recruitment. These data suggest that high density lipoprotein may inhibit diseases associated with vascular inflammation in part by blocking endothelial exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Cameron
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box 679, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14652, United States of America
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14652, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14652, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 733 N. Broadway, MRB 827, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Clare Bao
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 950 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - AnneMarie F. Swaim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 733 N. Broadway, MRB 827, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, E5050, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Lowenstein
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box 679, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14652, United States of America
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14652, United States of America
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Song Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, He W, Zhang X, Zhu J, Lu Z. The apoB100/apoAI ratio is independently associated with the severity of coronary heart disease: a cross sectional study in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:150. [PMID: 26582246 PMCID: PMC4652387 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein ratios have been shown to be associated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD), but little is known about their relationships with the severity of CHD. Methods A total of 792 angiographically defined CHD patients were enrolled following their admission. Patients were stratified into three groups based on the tertile of the Gensini scores (≤33rd percentile, 33rd to 66th percentile and ≥66th percentile) or the number of stenotic coronary branches (single-branch stenosis, double-branch stenosis and multi-branch stenosis). Demographic and biochemical data were collected and lipoprotein ratios were calculated. Logistic regression and path analysis were employed to examine the relationships between the lipoprotein ratios and the severity of CHD. Results The ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)/apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) increased with the tertile of the Gensini scores (P < 0.05 for both). The ratios of triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoB100/apoAI increased with the number of stenotic coronary branches (P < 0.05 for all). The univariate logistic regression showed that the ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoB100/apoAI were positively associated with both the tertile of the Gensini scores and the number of stenotic vessels (P < 0.05 for all), and the ratio of TG/HDL-C was positively associated with the number of stenotic vessels (P < 0.05). In multivariate logistic analysis, only the ratio of apoB100/apoAI was independently and positively associated with the tertile of the Gensini scores (OR = 2.93, 95 % CI = 1.17-7.34, P = 0.022) and the number of stenotic vessels (OR = 3.14, 95 % CI = 1.01-6.47, P = 0.048) after adjusting for the possible confounding variables. The apoB100/apoAI ratio was also shown to be a direct mediator between the risk factors including age, BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, apoB100 and apoAI and the severity of CHD by path analysis. Conclusion Our data indicate that the apoB100/apoAI ratio could be a useful predictor for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, , Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, , Sichuan Province, P. R. China.,College of Medicine, Yaan Vocational and Technical College, Yaan, 625000, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng He
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, , Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, , Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, , Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
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Guerendiain M, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Montes R, López-Belmonte G, Martín-Matillas M, Castellote AI, Martín-Bautista E, Martí A, Martínez JA, Moreno L, Garagorri JM, Wärnberg J, Caballero J, Marcos A, López-Sabater MC, Campoy C. Relation between plasma antioxidant vitamin levels, adiposity and cardio-metabolic profile in adolescents: Effects of a multidisciplinary obesity programme. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:209-217. [PMID: 26614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may be key factors in the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels and adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary weight loss programme. METHODS A therapeutic programme was conducted with 103 adolescents aged 12-17 years old and diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene and lycopene, anthropometric indicators of general and central adiposity, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analysed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Lipid-corrected retinol (P < 0.05), β-carotene (P = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) plasma levels increased significantly, whereas lipid-corrected lycopene levels remained unaltered during the treatment. Anthropometric indicators of adiposity (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.01) and biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) decreased significantly, whereas fat free mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). These clinical and biochemical improvements were related to changes in plasma lipid-corrected antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels. The adolescents who experienced the greatest weight loss also showed the largest decrease in anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters and the highest increase in fat free mass. Weight loss in these adolescents was related to an increase in plasma levels of lipid-corrected α-tocopherol (P = 0.001), β-carotene (P = 0.034) and lycopene (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels are associated with reduced adiposity, greater weight loss and an improved cardio-metabolic profile in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Guerendiain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gemma López-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín-Matillas
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ana I Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Martí
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Moreno
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Mª Garagorri
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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Nomikos T, Panagiotakos D, Georgousopoulou E, Metaxa V, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas I, Antonopoulou S, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Pitsavos C. Hierarchical modelling of blood lipids' profile and 10-year (2002-2012) all cause mortality and incidence of cardiovascular disease: the ATTICA study. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:108. [PMID: 26370413 PMCID: PMC4570524 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional view on the relationship between lipid biomarkers and CVD risk has changed during the last decade. However, it is not clear whether novel lipid biomarkers are able to confer a better predictability of CVD risk, compared to traditional ones.Under this perspective, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the predictive ability of blood lipids’ profile on all cause mortality as well as 10-year incidence of CVD, in a sample of apparently healthy adults of the ATTICA epidemiological study. Methods From May 2001 to December 2002, 1514 men and 1528 women (>18 y) without any clinical evidence of any other chronic disease, at baseline, were enrolled. In 2011–12, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 participants (85 % follow-up participation rate). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. Baseline serum blood lipids’ profile (Total-C, HDL-, non HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 and B, and lipoprotein–(a) levels were also measured. Results The 10-year all-cause mortality rate was 5.7 % for men and 2.0 % for women (p = 0.55). The, 10-year CVD incidence was 19.7 % in men and 11.7 % in women (p < 0.001). Multi-adjusted analysis revealed that TC, non-HDL-C, TG and TG/HDL-C ratio, were independent predictors of all cause mortality (RR per 1 mg/dL or unit (95 % CI): 1.006 (1.000–1.013), 1.006 (1.000–1.013), 1.002 (1.000–1.004), 1.038 (1.001–1.077), respectively). Moreover, TC, HDL-, LDL-, non-HDL-cholesterol, TG, apoA1, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C were independently associated with CVD risk. Among all lipid indices the ratio of apoB/apoA1 demonstrated the best correct reclassification ability, followed by non-HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio (continuous Net Reclassification Index 26.1 and 21.2 %, respectively). Conclusion Elevated levels of lipid biomarkers are independently associated with all-cause mortality, as well as CVD risk. The ratio of apoB/apoA1, followed by non-HDL-C, demonstrated the best correct classification ability of the developed CVD risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. .,, 46 Paleon Polemiston St., Glyfada, Attica, 166 74, Greece.
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Metaxa
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoumas
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Is the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 the best predictor for the severity of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics with stable angina pectoris? An assessment based on Gensini scores. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2015; 12:402-9. [PMID: 26346771 PMCID: PMC4554779 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of data about the best lipid ratio predicting the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We determined the relationship between five conventional lipid ratios and the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese Type 2 diabetics with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Methods A prospective cohort study within 373 type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography was performed. All patients were classified into three groups according to the tertiles of Gensini scores (GS, low group < 8 points n = 143; intermediate group 8–28 points, n = 109; high group > 28 points, n = 121). Association between the ratios of apolipoprotein (apo) B and apoA-1, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides and HDL-C (TG/HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C), Non-HDL-C/HDL-C and GS were evaluated using the receivers operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The ratio of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were correlated with Gensini scores. Area under the ROC curves for predicting high Gensini scores in the ratios of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were 0.62, 0.60, 0.59 and 0.60, respectively (P < 0.005 for all). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusted with demographic characteristic and other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 is qualified as an independent discriminator for the severity of CAD. However, after further adjusting different baseline variables, such as left ventricular ejective fraction, hemoglobin A1c, leukocytes count and serum creatinine, none of the above lipid ratios remained. Conclusions Compared with other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 appears to be more significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics, but it was not an independent predictor in these settings.
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Saeedi R, Johns K, Frohlich J, Bennett MT, Bondy G. Lipid lowering efficacy and safety of Ezetimibe combined with rosuvastatin compared with titrating rosuvastatin monotherapy in HIV-positive patients. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:57. [PMID: 26087958 PMCID: PMC4488121 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy frequently develop dyslipidemias and, despite therapy with potent lipid-lowering agents, a high percentage does not achieve guideline recommended lipid targets. In this study, we examined the efficacy of combination treatment with a statin and the cholesterol transport blocker, ezetimibe, vs. monotherapy with a statin in HIV-infected patients not achieving lipid goals. Methods This was a 12-week, prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Patients were eligible if they had an apolipoprotein B (apoB) >0.80 g/L despite therapy with rosuvastatin 10 mg daily for a minimum of 12 weeks. Patients were randomized to take ezetimibe 10 mg/rosuvastatin 10 mg or rosuvastatin 20 mg for 12 weeks. Percentage and absolute change in apoB (primary outcome), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, apoliporpotein A1 (apoA1), apoB/apoA1, TC/HDL-C, atherogenic index of plasma (API), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared. Changes in safety parameters (such as AST, ALT, CK) and clinical symptoms were also assessed. Results Forty-three patients (23 on ezetimibe 10 mg/rosuvastatin 10 mg and 20 on rosuvastatin 20 mg) completed the trial. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the groups. Significant improvements in apoB were seen with both ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin (mean of -0.17 g/L, p < 0.001) and rosuvastatin 20 mg (mean of -0.13 g/L, p = 0.03) treatment groups, but did not differ between groups (p = 0.53). Significant between-group differences were observed for mean TC (-1.01 mmol/L vs. -0.50 mmol/L, p = 0.03), TG (-0.62 mmol/L vs -0.17 mmol/L, p = 0.03), and non-HDL-C (-0.97 mmol/L vs. -0.53 mmol/L, p = 0.03) all in favour of the ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin group. Two patients, both in the rosuvastatin 20 mg group, experienced mild myalgias; neither discontinued the study. Conclusions The addition of ezetimibe to rosuvastatin appears to be safe in patients with HIV. Furthermore, the combination of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin improved TG, AIP and non-HDL cholesterol levels more than a dose increase in rosuvastatin in patients with HIV-associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Saeedi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Kevin Johns
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jiri Frohlich
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Matthew T Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Gregory Bondy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Chou YC, Kuan JC, Bai CH, Yang T, Chou WY, Hsieh PC, You SL, Hwang LC, Chen CH, Wei CY, Sun CA. Predictive value of serum apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in metabolic syndrome risk: a Chinese cohort study. Endocrine 2015; 49:404-14. [PMID: 25306891 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/apoA-I) ratio is a promising risk predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine the optimal cut-off value of this ratio in detecting subjects with MetS in a Chinese population. A prospective study was conducted using a representative sample of non-institutionized people in Taiwan. A total of 3,343 participants with mean age (±SD) of 39.86 (±15.61) years old were followed up from 2002 to 2007. The primary outcome was the incidence of MetS. The MetS was defined according to a unified criterion established by several major organizations. There were 462 cases of incident MetS during a mean follow-up period of 5.26 years. A significantly stepwise increase in the incidence of MetS across quartiles of the apoB/apoA-I ratio was noted in both sexes after adjustment for potential confounders (p for trend <0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of apoB/apoA-I ratio, participants in the highest quartile had a significantly higher risk of MetS in both men [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 6.29, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 2.79-9.13] and women (adjusted HR = 3.82, 95 % CI = 1.06-6.63). Comparisons of receiver operating characteristics curves indicated that the predictive ability of apoB/apoA-I ratio to detect MetS was better than conventional lipid ratio measurements. Furthermore, the optimal cut-off value of apoB/apoA-I ratio for MetS diagnosis was 0.71 in men and 0.56 in women. These results suggest that an elevated apoB/apoA-I ratio might constitute a potentially crucial measure linked to the risk of developing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Kalil RS, Wang JH, de Boer IH, Mathew RO, Ix JH, Asif A, Shi X, Boden WE. Effect of extended-release niacin on cardiovascular events and kidney function in chronic kidney disease: a post hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial. Kidney Int 2015; 87:1250-7. [PMID: 25651367 PMCID: PMC4449803 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and prevalent abnormal lipid metabolism. The AIM-HIGH trial examined the benefits of adding extended-release niacin (ERN) to simvastatin in patients with established coronary heart disease. Here we conducted a post hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial examining whether participants derived cardiovascular or renal benefits when stratified by renal function. Of 3414 participants, 505 had stage 3 CKD at baseline. Among the CKD subset, demographics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were well balanced in the ERN and placebo arms. Compared with placebo, CKD participants receiving ERN had a significant decrease in triglycerides by a median of 59.0 mg/dl, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased by a mean of 11.3 mg/dl over a mean follow-up of 3 years. CVD events were similar between CKD participants in both arms. However, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the ERN group (hazard ratio of 1.73). Mean change in eGFR among ERN-treated CKD participants was not significantly different between study arms. Thus, among AIM-HIGH participants with CKD, the addition of ERN to simvastatin for secondary prevention of CVD improved triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations but did not improve cardiovascular outcomes or kidney function, and was associated with higher all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto S. Kalil
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jeffrey H. Wang
- Dept of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, Albany Medical College and Samuel Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Roy O. Mathew
- Dept of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, Albany Medical College and Samuel Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | - Joachim H. Ix
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arif Asif
- Dept of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, Albany Medical College and Samuel Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | | | - William E. Boden
- Dept of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, Albany Medical College and Samuel Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY
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Kasumov T, Li L, Li M, Gulshan K, Kirwan JP, Liu X, Previs S, Willard B, Smith JD, McCullough A. Ceramide as a mediator of non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease and associated atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126910. [PMID: 25993337 PMCID: PMC4439060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious comorbidity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since plasma ceramides are increased in NAFLD and sphingomyelin, a ceramide metabolite, is an independent risk factor for CVD, the role of ceramides in dyslipidemia was assessed using LDLR-/- mice, a diet-induced model of NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Mice were fed a standard or Western diet (WD), with or without myriocin, an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis. Hepatic and plasma ceramides were profiled and lipid and lipoprotein kinetics were quantified. Hepatic and intestinal expression of genes and proteins involved in insulin, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism were also determined. WD caused hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, increased hepatic long-chain ceramides associated with apoptosis (C16 and C18) and decreased very-long-chain ceramide C24 involved in insulin signaling. The plasma ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 (proteins of VLDL/LDL and HDL) was increased 2-fold due to increased ApoB production. Myriocin reduced hepatic and plasma ceramides and sphingomyelin, and decreased atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and apoptosis without any effect on oxidative stress. These changes were associated with decreased lipogenesis, ApoB production and increased HDL turnover. Thus, modulation of ceramide synthesis may lead to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of both NAFLD and its associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Gastroenterology& Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TK); (AM)
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Research Core Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Kailash Gulshan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen Previs
- Department of Nutrition & Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Research Core Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Arthur McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology& Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TK); (AM)
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The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio as a potential marker of plasma atherogenicity. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:591454. [PMID: 25852220 PMCID: PMC4380097 DOI: 10.1155/2015/591454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. The apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-I ratio represents the balance between apoB-rich atherogenic particles and apoA-I-rich antiatherogenic particles, and this ratio is considered to be a marker of cardiovascular risk. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in predicting the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, less is known about apoB/apoA-I ratio as a marker of plasma atherogenicity. Methods. A total of 157 normolipidemic men aged 20–59 years were included in the study. The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, apoB, and apoE were determined after a 12 h fasting period. Results. The median of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in the studied normolipidemic subjects was 0.52, with values ranging from 0.19 to 2.60. The percentage of subjects with the apoB/apoA-I ratio exceeding 0.9 (the accepted risk value of cardiovascular disease) was 19.1%. The subjects with apoB/apoA-I>0.9 were characterized by higher TG levels and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lower values of ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to apoB (LDL-C/apoB) and apoE levels compared with men with apoB/apoA-I<0.9. Conclusion. Despite normolipidemia, the subjects with the unfavorable apoB/apoA-I ratio had more atherogenic lipid profile.
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Khoshi A, Mortazavi Y, Sokhanvar S, Tanzifi A, Akbari A, Kalantari S, Mazloomzadeh S. Determination of PON1 Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Individuals with High LDL/HDL Ratios. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Castaldo G, Monaco L, Castaldo L, Sorrentino P. A 2-Week Course of Enteral Treatment with a Very Low-Calorie Protein-Based Formula for the Management of Severe Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:723735. [PMID: 26064113 PMCID: PMC4438151 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Multiple weight loss failures among obese patients suggest the design of new therapeutic strategies. We investigated the role of 2-week course of enteral treatment with a very low-calorie protein-based formula in the management of severe obesity. Methods. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of 2-week continuous administration of a protein-based formula (1.2 g/kg of ideal body weight/day) by nasogastric tube in severely obese adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m(2)). Results. In total, 364 patients (59% women; BMI = 46.6 ± 7.2 kg/m(2)) were recruited. The intervention was discontinued within 48 hours in 26 patients, due to nasogastric tube intolerance. No serious adverse events occurred. During the first and the second week, 65% and 80% patients, respectively, reported no side effects. All biochemical safety parameters were affected by the intervention, particularly uric acid (+45%) and aminotransferases (+48%). In the other cases the change was negligible. We observed significant weight loss (5.7 ± 2.3%) and improvement in blood pressure and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters (P < 0.001). Conclusions. A 2-week course of enteral treatment with a very low-calorie protein-based formula appeared a feasible, likely safe, and efficacious therapeutic option to be considered for inclusion into a composite weight loss program for the management of severe obesity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01965990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castaldo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. “San Giuseppe Moscati”, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- *Giuseppe Castaldo:
| | - Luigi Monaco
- Ultrasonography Unit, A.O.R.N. “San Giuseppe Moscati”, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Laura Castaldo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. “San Giuseppe Moscati”, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Paolo Sorrentino
- Liver Unit, A.O.R.N. “San Giuseppe Moscati”, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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CIBIČKOVÁ Ľ, KARÁSEK D, LANGOVÁ K, VAVERKOVÁ H, ORSÁG J, LUKEŠ J, NOVOTNÝ D. Correlation of Lipid Parameters and Markers of Insulin Resistance: Does Smoking Make a Difference? Physiol Res 2014; 63:S387-93. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance associated with dyslipidemia enhances cardiovascular risk. Several atherogenic indexes have been suggested to give more precise information about the risk. The aim of our study was to estimate, which atherogenic index correlates better with parameters of insulin resistance. Furthermore, we compared the parameters of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance between smokers and non-smokers. In our cross-sectional study we enrolled 729 patients with dyslipidemia which were divided into two groups – non-smokers (586) and smokers (143). We measured lipid profile, parameters of insulin resistance (fasting glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-peptide, proinsulin) and calculated atherogenic indexes – atherogenic index of plasma (log (TAG/HDL-C), AIP), ApoB/ApoA1 index and nonHDL-C. AIP was found out to show stronger correlations with parameters of insulin resistance (p<0.001, correlation coefficients ranging between 0.457 and 0.243) than other indexes (ApoB/ApoA1 or nonHDL cholesterol). AIP correlated with parameters of insulin resistance both in smokers and non-smokers, but after adjustment (for age, body mass index, waist circumference) persisting only in non-smokers. Smokers had a wider waist circumference and a proatherogenic lipid profile. Smoking increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. AIP can be used in daily praxis for predicting insulin resistance in patients with dyslipidemia, predominantly in non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľ. CIBIČKOVÁ
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Chen B, Lv N, Liu Q, Dang A. Association of abnormal lipid spectrum with the disease activity of Takayasu arteritis. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 34:1243-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim MK, Ahn CW, Kang S, Ha JY, Baek H, Park JS, Kim KR. Association between Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-1 and arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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77
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Perfil metabólico-inflamatorio en la transición obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes mellitus en población mediterránea. Estudio DARIOS Inflamatorio. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Fernández-Bergés D, Consuegra-Sánchez L, Peñafiel J, Cabrera de León A, Vila J, Félix-Redondo FJ, Segura-Fragoso A, Lapetra J, Guembe MJ, Vega T, Fitó M, Elosua R, Díaz O, Marrugat J. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles of biomarkers in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes in a Mediterranean population. DARIOS Inflammatory study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:624-31. [PMID: 25037541 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There is a paucity of data regarding the differences in the biomarker profiles of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus as compared to a healthy, normal weight population. We aimed to study the biomarker profile of the metabolic risk continuum defined by the transition from normal weight to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of data from 7 cross-sectional Spanish population-based surveys. An extensive panel comprising 20 biomarkers related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipids, inflammation, coagulation, oxidation, hemodynamics, and myocardial damage was analyzed. We employed age- and sex-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models for the identification of those biomarkers associated with the metabolic risk continuum phenotypes: obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS A total of 2851 subjects were included for analyses. The mean age was 57.4 (8.8) years, 1269 were men (44.5%), and 464 participants were obese, 443 had metabolic syndrome, 473 had diabetes mellitus, and 1471 had a normal weight (healthy individuals). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B100, leptin, and insulin were positively associated with at least one of the phenotypes of interest. Apolipoprotein A1 and adiponectin were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS There are differences between the population with normal weight and that having metabolic syndrome or diabetes with respect to certain biomarkers related to the metabolic, inflammatory, and lipid profiles. The results of this study support the relevance of these mechanisms in the metabolic risk continuum. When metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are compared, these differences are less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular GRIMEX, Programa de Investigación Cardiovascular (PERICLES), Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain; Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva, Gerencia de Área de Salud Don Benito-Villanueva, Don Benito, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Luciano Consuegra-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular GRIMEX, Programa de Investigación Cardiovascular (PERICLES), Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Judith Peñafiel
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria y del Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Félix-Redondo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular GRIMEX, Programa de Investigación Cardiovascular (PERICLES), Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain; Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Fragoso
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Salud Universitario San Pablo, Distrito Sanitario de Atención Primaria Sevilla, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - María Jesús Guembe
- Servicio de Investigación, Innovación y Formación Sanitaria, Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Riesgo Vascular en Navarra (RIVANA), Spain
| | - Tomás Vega
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grupo de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Nutrición, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Díaz
- Grupo de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Nutrición, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicina, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
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Öhman M, Öhman ML, Wållberg-Jonsson S. The apoB/apoA1 ratio predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:259-64. [PMID: 24689997 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2013.877158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A high apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA1 ratio is known to predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the population. apoA1 has, besides anti-atherogenic effects, anti-inflammatory properties. The importance of apolipoproteins in the development of CVEs, in the context of lipids, haemostatic factors, and inflammation, was evaluated over 18 years in patients with RA. METHOD Seventy-four patients with inflammatory active RA (61 females/13 males, mean age 63.6 years, disease duration 22.1 years) had been previously investigated in a study of haemostatic factors [tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF)], lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), apolipoproteins (apoA1 and apoB), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and markers of inflammation [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin]. After 18 years, the first CVE during follow-up and the presence of traditional CV risk factors, extra-articular disease, and pharmacological treatment were registered. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of a new CVE. RESULTS A new CVE (n = 34) was predicted by the apoB/apoA1 ratio (p < 0.01), the triglyceride level (p < 0.01), PAI-1 (p < 0.01) and tPA (p < 0.01) activities, vWF (p < 0.001), ESR (< 0.001), CRP (< 0.05), and haptoglobin (p < 0.05). apoA1 (p = 0.056) and apoB (p < 0.05) correlated weakly and inversely with haptoglobin and CRP, respectively. In a multiple Cox regression model, adjusted for gender and previous CVD, the apoB/apoA1 ratio significantly predicted a new CVE, as did vWF, PAI-1, and ESR. CONCLUSIONS The apoB/apoA1 ratio was a good predictor of CVE during 18 years of follow-up in patients with active RA. Apolipoproteins correlated negatively with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Öhman
- Institution of Medicine and Public Health/Rheumatology, University of Umeå , Sweden
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Kostapanos MS, Elisaf MS. High density lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes: Emerging concepts in their relationship. World J Exp Med 2014; 4:1-6. [PMID: 24977116 PMCID: PMC4073260 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit macrovascular complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. High density lipoproteins (HDL) are protective against atherosclerosis. Low levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) independently contribute to CV risk. Patients with T2DM not only exhibit low HDL-C, but also dysfunctional HDL. Furthermore, low concentration of HDL may increase the risk for the development of T2DM through a decreased β cell survival and secretory function. In this paper, we discuss emerging concepts in the relationship of T2DM with HDL.
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Mohammadi A, Najar AG, Khoshi A. Effect of urotensin II on apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein A-I expression in HepG2 cell line. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:22. [PMID: 24600602 PMCID: PMC3929015 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased apolipoprotein B100 (apo B) and decreased apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) production are important risk factors in atherosclerosis. Urotensin II (UII), as the most potent vasoconstrictor in human, is related with hypertension and probably atherosclerosis. Because of the relationship between the hypertension and lipoprotein metabolism in atherosclerosis, the aim of this study was to test the effect of urotensin II on apo B and apo A-I expression in hepatic (HepG2) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 nmol/L of urotensin II (n = 6). Relative apo B and apo A-I messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in conditioned media, normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. In addition, apo B and apo A-I levels were also estimated and compared with the controls using the western blotting method. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and non-parametric tests. RESULTS The apo B mRNA levels were not increased significantly following the treatment with UII. However, apo B protein levels were increased significantly after the treatment with urotensin II, especially at 100 and 200 nmol/L. The apo A-I mRNA and protein levels in conditioned media also were not significantly changed. However, there was a significant decrease in apo A-I mRNA and protein levels at 200 nM UII. CONCLUSIONS UII might increase apo B at protein level probably through participating factors in its synthesis and/ or stability/degradation. In addition, UII may have decreasing effect at more than 200 nM concentrations on apo A-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Amirhosein Khoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Agilli M, Aydin I, Aydin FN. Atherosclerotic markers in obese and nonobese children and relationship with nighttime hypertension. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23:584. [PMID: 25196194 PMCID: PMC5586925 DOI: 10.1159/000365058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Agilli
- Department of Biochemistry, Agri Military Hospital, Agri, Turkey
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Effect of equivalent on-treatment apolipoprotein levels on outcomes (from the AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE). Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:1697-700. [PMID: 23993116 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kaysen GA, Dalrymple LS, Grimes B, Chertow GM, Kornak J, Johansen KL. Changes in serum inflammatory markers are associated with changes in apolipoprotein A1 but not B after the initiation of dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:430-7. [PMID: 24009290 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the changes in lipoproteins over time and how inflammation is associated with lipoprotein concentrations among patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. One possible explanation for the association of low LDL cholesterol concentration and adverse outcomes is that inflammation reduces selected apolipoprotein concentrations. METHODS Serum samples were collected from a subsample of patients enrolled into the Comprehensive Dialysis Study every 3 months for up to 1 year. We examined the relation between temporal patterns in levels of inflammatory markers and changes in apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B and the apo B/A1 ratio using linear mixed effects modeling and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We enrolled 266 participants from 56 dialysis facilities. The mean age was 62 years, 45% were women and 26% were black. Apo A1 was lower among patients with higher Quetelet's (body mass) index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Apo B was lower among older patients, patients with higher serum creatinine and patients with lower BMI. Over the course of a year, apo A1 changed inversely with serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1 acid glycoprotein (α1AG), while apo B did not. Changes in α1AG were more strongly associated with changes in apolipoprotein concentrations than were changes in CRP; increases in α1AG were associated with decreases in apo A1 and increases in the apo B/A1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Changes in inflammatory markers were associated with changes in apo A1, but not apo B over 1 year, suggesting that reductions in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with inflammation, either of which could mediate cardiovascular risk, but not supporting a hypothesis linking increased risk of low levels of apo B containing lipoproteins to the risk associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Kaysen
- Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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85
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Stonehouse W, Gammon CS, Beck KL, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Kruger R. Kiwifruit: our daily prescription for health. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:442-7. [PMID: 23746068 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit are unequalled, compared with other commonly consumed fruit, for their nutrient density, health benefits, and consumer appeal. Research into their health benefits has focussed on the cultivars Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' (green kiwifruit) and Actinidia chinensis 'Hort 16A', ZESPRI(®) (gold kiwifruit). Compared with other commonly consumed fruit, both green and gold kiwifruit are exceptionally high in vitamins C, E, K, folate, carotenoids, potassium, fibre, and phytochemicals acting in synergy to achieve multiple health benefits. Kiwifruit, as part of a healthy diet, may increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decrease triglycerides, platelet aggregation, and elevated blood pressure. Consuming gold kiwifruit with iron-rich meals improves poor iron status, and green kiwifruit aids digestion and laxation. As a rich source of antioxidants, they may protect the body from endogenous oxidative damage. Kiwifruit may support immune function and reduce the incidence and severity of cold or flu-like illness in at-risk groups such as older adults and children. However, kiwifruit are allergenic, and although symptoms in most susceptible individuals are mild, severe reactions have been reported. While many research gaps remain, kiwifruit with their multiple health benefits have the potential to become part of our "daily prescription for health."
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Affiliation(s)
- Welma Stonehouse
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand.
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86
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Hu X, Wang T, Li W, Jin F, Wang L. Effects of NS Lactobacillus strains on lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:67. [PMID: 23656797 PMCID: PMC3667092 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum cholesterol level is generally considered to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases which seriously threaten human health. The cholesterol-lowering effects of lactic acid bacteria have recently become an area of great interest and controversy for many researchers. In this study, we investigated the effects of two NS lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum NS5 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NS12, on lipid metabolism of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. METHODS Thirty-two SD rats were assigned to four groups and fed either a normal or a high-cholesterol diet. The NS lactobacillus treated groups received the high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum NS5 or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NS12 in drinking water. The rats were sacrificed after a 6-week feeding period. Body weights, visceral organ and fat weights, serum and liver cholesterol and lipid levels, intestinal microbiota and liver mRNA expression levels related to cholesterol metabolism were analyzed. Liver lipid deposition and adipocyte size were evaluated histologically. RESULTS Compared with rats fed a high cholesterol diet, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and free fatty acids levels were decreased and apolipoprotein A-I level was increased in NS5 or NS12 strain treated rats, and with no significant change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also significantly decreased in NS lactobacillus strains treated groups. Meanwhile, the NS lactobacillus strains obviously alleviated hepatic injuries, decreased liver lipid deposition and reduced adipocyte size of high cholesterol diet fed rats. NS lactobacillus strains restored the changes in intestinal microbiota compositions, such as the increase in Bacteroides and the decrease in Clostridium. NS lactobacillus strains also regulated the mRNA expression levels of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism, including the down regulation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and the upregulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). CONCLUSION This study suggested that the two NS lactobacillus strains may affect lipid metabolism and have cholesterol-lowering effects in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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87
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Erbel R, Lehmann N, Churzidse S, Möhlenkamp S, Moebus S, Mahabadi AA, Schmermund A, Stang A, Dragano N, Grönemeyer D, Seibel R, Kälsch H, Bauer M, Bröcker-Preuss M, Mann K, Jöckel KH. Gender-specific association of coronary artery calcium and lipoprotein parameters: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:531-40. [PMID: 23701995 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary atherosclerosis can be detected by computed tomography. The amount of coronary artery calcification (CAC) is related to cardiovascular risk factors, the strength of the gender specific relation between lipoprotein parameters and CAC has not extensively been studied. Especially, the role of routinely determined lipoproteins in contrast to less common and computed lipid parameters (e.g. ratios) remains to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS The study cohort (n = 3956, 52% women, age 45-75 years) was randomly selected from three cities of a German metropolitan area. Lipoproteins-low-and high density lipoprotein (LDL-C/HDL-C), total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and B (apoA-1/apoB) as well as lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were measured, while non-HDL-C was calculated. All participants received an electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) for quantification of CAC. Adjusted for age and cardiovascular risk factors, CAC increased by a factor of 1.97 (1.51-2.57, 95% CI) and 1.94 (1.53-2.45, 95% CI) comparing the fourth to the first quartile of LDL-C for men and women, respectively. This association with LDL-C was also found after dichotomization of CAC at thresholds >0, ≥ 100 and ≥ 400. The best association of CAC was, however, found to be apoB and the second best was non HDL-C, in both men and women. For apoB, the model including all risk factors reached an explained variance for CAC of 20.2% in men and of 21.6% in women. When using LDL-C as a given parameter according to the current practice and advice, HDL-C in men and apoB in women provided an additional but small benefit. CONCLUSION ApoB showed the best association with CAC compared to all other tested lipoproteins. Neither the ratio LDL-C/HDL-C nor apoB/apoA-1, or Lp(a) revealed a closer association with CAC. While lipoproteins are related to CAC more closely in women than in men, their association with CAC is, however, not particularly strong. Our results may influence primary and secondary prevention advices in order to improve detection of subclinical atherosclerosis, for which lipoprotein parameters can only play a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, West-German Heart Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
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Ryoo JH. Association of Apolipoproteins With Incidence of Decreased Estimated GFR in Korean Men. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:564-70. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mahjoub H, Mathieu P, Sénéchal M, Larose E, Dumesnil J, Després JP, Pibarot P. ApoB/ApoA-I Ratio Is Associated With Increased Risk of Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:752-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Heneghan HM, Huang H, Kashyap SR, Gornik HL, McCullough AJ, Schauer PR, Brethauer SA, Kirwan JP, Kasumov T. Reduced cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery is linked to plasma ceramides, apolipoprotein-B100, and ApoB100/A1 ratio. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 9:100-7. [PMID: 22264909 PMCID: PMC3337956 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, ceramide-derived sphingolipids were identified as a novel independent CVD risk factor. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on CVD risk is related to ceramide-mediated improvement in lipoprotein profile. METHODS A prospective study of patients undergoing RYGB was conducted. The patients' clinical data and biochemical markers related to cardiovascular risk were documented. Plasma ceramide subspecies (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C24:0, and C24:1), apolipoprotein (Apo)B100 and ApoA1 were quantified preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after RYGB, as was the Framingham risk score. Brachial artery reactivity testing was performed before and 6 months after RYGB. RESULTS Ten patients (9 women; age 48.6 ± 9.6 yr; body mass index, 48.5 ± 5.8 kg/m(2)) were included in the present study. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean body mass index had decreased to 35.7 ± 5.0 kg/m(2), corresponding to 51.3% ± 10.0% excess weight loss. The fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acids, ApoB100, ApoB100/ApoA1 ratio and insulin resistance estimated from Homeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative values. The ApoB100/ApoA1 ratio correlated with a reduction in ceramide subspecies (C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C24:0, and C24:1; P < .05). ApoB100 and the ApoB100/ApoA1 ratio also correlated positively with the reduction in triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and Homeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (P < .05). Brachial artery reactivity testing correlated inversely with ApoB100 and total ceramide (P = .05). Furthermore, the change in brachial artery reactivity testing correlated with the decrease in C16:0 (P < .03). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that improvements in lipid profiles and CVD risk factors after gastric bypass surgery could be linked to changes in ceramide lipids. Mechanistic studies are needed to determine whether this link is causative or purely correlative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Heneghan
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hazel Huang
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Philip R. Schauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - John P. Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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LaFramboise WA, Dhir R, Kelly LA, Petrosko P, Krill-Burger JM, Sciulli CM, Lyons-Weiler MA, Chandran UR, Lomakin A, Masterson RV, Marroquin OC, Mulukutla SR, McNamara DM. Serum protein profiles predict coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients referred for coronary angiography. BMC Med 2012; 10:157. [PMID: 23216991 PMCID: PMC3566965 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than a million diagnostic cardiac catheterizations are performed annually in the US for evaluation of coronary artery anatomy and the presence of atherosclerosis. Nearly half of these patients have no significant coronary lesions or do not require mechanical or surgical revascularization. Consequently, the ability to rule out clinically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) using low cost, low risk tests of serum biomarkers in even a small percentage of patients with normal coronary arteries could be highly beneficial. METHODS Serum from 359 symptomatic subjects referred for catheterization was interrogated for proteins involved in atherogenesis, atherosclerosis, and plaque vulnerability. Coronary angiography classified 150 patients without flow-limiting CAD who did not require percutaneous intervention (PCI) while 209 required coronary revascularization (stents, angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery). Continuous variables were compared across the two patient groups for each analyte including calculation of false discovery rate (FDR ≤ 1%) and Q value (P value for statistical significance adjusted to ≤ 0.01). RESULTS Significant differences were detected in circulating proteins from patients requiring revascularization including increased apolipoprotein B100 (APO-B100), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), resistin, osteopontin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and N-terminal fragment protein precursor brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pBNP) and decreased apolipoprotein A1 (APO-A1). Biomarker classification signatures comprising up to 5 analytes were identified using a tunable scoring function trained against 239 samples and validated with 120 additional samples. A total of 14 overlapping signatures classified patients without significant coronary disease (38% to 59% specificity) while maintaining 95% sensitivity for patients requiring revascularization. Osteopontin (14 times) and resistin (10 times) were most frequently represented among these diagnostic signatures. The most efficacious protein signature in validation studies comprised osteopontin (OPN), resistin, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and interferon γ (IFNγ) as a four-marker panel while the addition of either CRP or adiponectin (ACRP-30) yielded comparable results in five protein signatures. CONCLUSIONS Proteins in the serum of CAD patients predominantly reflected (1) a positive acute phase, inflammatory response and (2) alterations in lipid metabolism, transport, peroxidation and accumulation. There were surprisingly few indicators of growth factor activation or extracellular matrix remodeling in the serum of CAD patients except for elevated OPN. These data suggest that many symptomatic patients without significant CAD could be identified by a targeted multiplex serum protein test without cardiac catheterization thereby eliminating exposure to ionizing radiation and decreasing the economic burden of angiographic testing for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A LaFramboise
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lori A Kelly
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Patricia Petrosko
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - John M Krill-Burger
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Christin M Sciulli
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Maureen A Lyons-Weiler
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Uma R Chandran
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Aleksey Lomakin
- Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Oscar C Marroquin
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, 15213, USA
| | - Suresh R Mulukutla
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dennis M McNamara
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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92
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Jiang ZG, Robson SC, Yao Z. Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biomed Res 2012; 27:1-13. [PMID: 23554788 PMCID: PMC3596749 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellular role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metabolism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Gordon Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sokhanvar S, Khoshi A, Hajiaghaei S, Mousavinasab SN, Golmohammadi Z. Association Between Apo Lipoprotein B Levels at Admission of Patients and Short-term Morbidity and Mortality After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2012; 4:61-4. [PMID: 24250986 DOI: 10.5681/jcvtr.2012.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. Different studies have shown that Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is one of the best predictors in determining cardiovascular diseases and patients follow up after cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that there is a relation between Apo B levels and cardiovascular events in patients who have myocardial infarction (MI). In addition, Apo B may be an appropriate marker for following these patients after MI. METHODS In this study, 220 patients with acute myocardial infarction were allocated at their admission to the hospital. They were followed for three months after MI and their morbidity and mortality rates were evaluated. Apo B levels were measured immunoturbidimetrically. RESULTS Apo B levels were significantly higher in patients with the events including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and malignant arrhythmias (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Apo B levels can be an appropriate indicator of cardiovascular events in patients after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sokhanvar
- Department of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences,Zanjan,Iran
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Xie S, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Shi K, Shi Y, Ma X. Effects of soya oligosaccharides and soya oligopeptides on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemic rats. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:603-10. [PMID: 22082613 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of soya oligosaccharides (SOS) and soya oligopeptides (SOP) on blood lipid levels, release of vasoactive substances, antioxidant activity and faecal bile acid (FBA) excretion in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into five groups according to diets as follows: regular diet (control), HFD, HFD enriched with 2 % of SOS (SOS), HFD enriched with 3 % of SOP (SOP) and HFD enriched with 2 % SOS and 3 % SOP (SOSP). The results showed that SOS and SOP significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased. Furthermore, SOS and SOP reduced plasma apoB, apoE and the apoB:apoAI ratio, whereas apoAI was significantly increased. Moreover, SOS and SOP also reduced plasma thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) and the TXA₂:prostacyclin (PGI₂) ratio, whereas plasma PGI₂ and nitric oxide were significantly increased. In addition, SOS and SOP significantly reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde concentrations and increased FBA excretion. However, we did not observe obvious influences of SOS and SOP on superoxide dismutase activities in the liver of HFD-fed rats. The combination of 2 % SOS and 3 % SOP showed a more marked effect than SOS or SOP alone in improving the lipid profile, release of vasoactive substances and increasing FBA excretion (P < 0.05). In summary, SOS and SOP might help prevent atherosclerosis through improving abnormal blood lipid levels, regulating vasoactive substances and protecting against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Xie
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Petrenya N, Brustad M, Cooper M, Dobrodeeva L, Bichkaeva F, Lutfalieva G, Odland JO. Serum apolipoproteins in relation to intakes of fish in population of Arkhangelsk County. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:51. [PMID: 22681916 PMCID: PMC3495896 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in saturated fat were found beneficially associated with blood lipids and cardio-vascular health. Lean reindeer meet and local cold water white-fish species high in omega-3 are among the main sources of nutrients in the rural area of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in Russia and are not normally consumed by the urban population from the same region. The aims of the study were firstly, to compare serum lipid profiles of residents of urban (Arkhangelsk city) and rural (NAO) regions of Arkhangelsk County, and secondly, to investigate the effects of fish consumption on the predictor of cardiovascular events apolipoprotein (Apo) B/ApoA-I ratio in these populations. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in Arkhangelsk County, Russia. Sample size of 249 adults: 132 subjects from Arkhangelsk city, aged 21–70 and 117 subject (87% Ethnic Nenets) from NAO, aged 18–69. Results We observed more favorable lipid levels in NAO compared to Arkhangelsk participants. Age-adjusted geometric means of ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were 1.02 and 0.98 in men and women from Arkhangelsk; 0.84 and 0.91 in men and women from NAO respectively. Age and consumption of animal fat were positively associated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in women (pooled samples from Arkhangelsk and NAO). Body mass index and low levels of physical activity were positively associated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in men (pooled samples from Arkhangelsk and NAO). Reported oily fish consumption was not significantly correlated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio. Conclusion The population sample from rural NAO, consisting largely of the indigenous Arctic population Nenets with healthier dietary sources, had a relatively less atherogenic lipid profile compared to the urban Arkhangelsk group. Fish consumption had no effect on apolipoproteins profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petrenya
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, P,O, box 6122, N-9291, Tromsø, Norway.
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Yin Q, Chen X, Li L, Zhou R, Huang J, Yang D. Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio is a good predictive marker of metabolic syndrome and pre-metabolic syndrome in Chinese adolescent women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 39:203-9. [PMID: 22672648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio is well known to be related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in adults of different races. There is low prevalence of MS but high occurrence of various metabolic disorders in Chinese adolescent women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We sought to assess if the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio can be used as a predictive marker of MS and pre-MS in Chinese adolescent women with PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 160 Chinese adolescent women. Based on International Diabetes Federation criteria for MS, patients who had no less than two components of MS but did not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of MS were considered as having pre-MS. RESULTS The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was higher in obese subjects with high free androgen index (FAI). The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio increased significantly as the number of MS components increased and provided 87.5% of sensitivity and 78.9% of specificity with a threshold value of 0.63 for MS, 86.2% of sensitivity and 79.4% of specificity with a threshold value of 0.58 for pre-MS in Chinese adolescent women with PCOS. CONCLUSION The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was a good predictive marker of MS and pre-MS in Chinese adolescent women with PCOS. FAI could be involved in obesity-related metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Synergistic associations of physical activity and diet quality on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:605-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Healthy diet and physical activity are associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Little is known about whether they interact to improve CMR. The purpose of the present study was to determine the synergistic associations of diet quality and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on CMR factors. The present study was ana posteriorianalysis of two cross-sectional studies on 124 inactive non-diabetic postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2. The following factors were measured: diet quality (assessed by the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) from a 3 d food record); PAEE (doubly labelled water); body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scan); lipoprotein profile (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL-C, total cholesterol:HDL-C, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB); insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp); inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haptoglobin, orosomucoid, IL-6 and leucocyte count). The association of the interaction PAEE × C-HEI and CMR factors was evaluated by hierarchical regressions. Fat mass-adjusted ANCOVA determined the interaction between PAEE and the C-HEI. In hierarchical regressions, the interaction PAEE × C-HEI was a correlate of more favourable values of HDL-C, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB ratios, and hs-CRP, while only PAEE was a negative correlate of haptoglobin. Compared with those in the low-PAEE/low-C-HEI group, women in the high-PAEE/high-C-HEI group had 10 % higher HDL-C, 13 % lower apoB, 11 % larger LDL particles and 28 % lower hs-CRP concentrations (P< 0·05). PAEE and the C-HEI have a synergistic association with the CMR profile. These results support the integration of both diet quality and physical activity in the management of CMR.
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Holzmann MJ, Jungner I, Walldius G, Ivert T, Nordqvist T, Ostergren J, Hammar N. Dyslipidemia is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Ann Med 2012; 44:262-70. [PMID: 21114460 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.532153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate dyslipidemia as predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In 142,394 middle-aged Swedes referred for laboratory evaluation, glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. CKD was defined as GFR 15-60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Subjects were stratified into presence or absence of CKD, and lipid measures were related to MI using Cox's proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During 12 years of follow-up there were 5,466 MIs. The adjusted hazard ratio for MI for the highest versus the lowest quartile of the apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 ratio among individuals without CKD was 2.88 (95% confidence interval 2.54-3.26) and for those with CKD 3.35 (2.25-4.91). The corresponding estimates for the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio were 3.13 (2.78-3.52) and 3.54 (2.43-5.17), respectively. Receiver operator characteristics analyses showed an advantage in the prediction of MI for the apoB/apoA-1 ratio as compared to conventional lipids (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The ratio of apoB/apoA-1, the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were all strong predictors of myocardial infarction, both among subjects with and without renal dysfunction, with a possible advantage for the apoB/apoA-1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Holzmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yang B, Li M, Chen B, Xu Y, Li TD. Deterioration of endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness in Tibetan male adolescents exposed to second-hand smoke. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:413-9. [PMID: 22465995 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312440901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been commonly accepted that second-hand smoke (SHS) is associated with atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. There is growing evidence that the changes might begin in childhood. Unfortunately, no study has focused on the early atherosclerosis of Tibetan adolescents exposed to SHS. AIMS We aimed to investigate the endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis in healthy school-aged Tibetan male adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All passive smoking participants (SHS) were students were 16 years old and male, and were recruited through middle schools in Lhasa city. In total 624 subjects were accepted after excluding subjects who actively smoked. The adolescents were divided into three groups according to serum cotinine level: high cotinine group (High Group) with 205 boys, intermediate cotinine group (Intermediate Group) with 210 boys, and low cotinine group (Low Group) with 209 boys. Venous blood was sampled for the measurement of cotinine concentration, lipid profile and endothelin-1 (ET-1) quantitation. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was performed to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and intima smoothness. The invasive vascular endothelial function was evaluated through the measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with B-mode ultrasound and ankle-brachial index (ABI) by using a blood pressure cuff and a Doppler instrument. RESULTS No statistical significance was found between groups in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, ApoA-I, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p>0.05). In the lipid profile, only apolipoprotein B (ApoB) values were different between groups: ApoB in the High Group was higher than in the Low Group (p=0.0164). Plasma ET-1 concentrations in the High Group were also much higher than in the Intermediate and Low Groups (p=0.0112, p<0.001). The cIMT and intima smoothness had deteriorated in the High Group compared with the Low Group (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). FMD and ABI, which indicate vascular endothelial function, was decreased in the High Group compared with the Intermediate and Low Groups (FMD, p<0.001; ABI, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SHS was associated with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in Tibetan school-aged male adolescents. Considering the widespread exposure to SHS and the clinical relevance of early atherosclerosis, this result is of public health importance in Tibet, where health education is not satisfactory. Data from our study emphasize the importance of endorsing smoke-free environments for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Mathieu S, Pereira B, Dubost JJ, Lusson JR, Soubrier M. No significant change in arterial stiffness in RA after 6 months and 1 year of rituximab treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1107-11. [PMID: 22328565 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The excess cardiac risk, found in RA has been attributed to biological inflammation. Effective control of inflammation may be of benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk in RA patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 24 and 52 weeks of rituximab treatment on arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Arterial stiffness was measured by augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), and other cardiovascular risk factors (lipid profile, blood pressure) were collected in active RA patients. RESULTS Thirty-three patients, of whom 29 were females, with a mean age of 60.9 (12.0) years were included. Thirty patients had positive RFs, 27 had positive anti-CCP antibody and 93.9% (n = 31) were erosive. Nineteen patients were non-responders to anti-TNF-α treatments. After rituximab treatment, no change was observed in arterial stiffness, neither after 6 nor after 12 months [PWV 8.1 (3.1) m/s at baseline, 8.1 (2.8) at 6 months, 8.0 (2.7) at 1 year, P = 0.924; and AIx 30.4 (8.2)% at baseline, 28.6 (7.6) at 6 months, 29.4 (6.7) at 1 year, P = 0.216]. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels were unchanged. The atherogenic index (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) was increased, but not to a level of significance. No change was found in other cardiovascular risk factors. DAS-28 according to levels of ESR and CRP and biologic inflammation were significantly improved. CONCLUSION Arterial stiffness did not improve after 6 and 12 months of rituximab therapy. The treatment had a beneficial effect on biologic inflammation and disease activity, but caused a pro-atherogenic lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Mathieu
- Rheumatology Department, Gabriel Montpied Teaching Hospital, Place H. Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France.
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