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Synthesis of a new betulinic acid glycoconjugate with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine for the targeted delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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52
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Perlikova P, Kvasnica M, Urban M, Hajduch M, Sarek J. 2-Deoxyglycoside Conjugates of Lupane Triterpenoids with High Cytotoxic Activity-Synthesis, Activity, and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2844-2858. [PMID: 31553559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A set of 41 glycosidic conjugates of pentacyclic triterpenes was synthesized in order to improve the solubility of highly cytotoxic parent compounds. Their in vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated in 25 cancer cell lines and 2 noncancer fibroblasts. Fifteen compounds had high cytotoxicity on the T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM and 6 of them were active in multiple cell lines of various histogenic origin and not toxic in fibroblasts. Compound 11a had IC50 of 0.64 μM in CCRF-CEM cells, 0.60 μM in K-562 cells, and 0.37 μM in PC-3 cells; compound 12a had IC50 of 0.64 μM in CCRF-CEM cells and 0.71 μM in SW620 cells; compound 17b had IC50 of 0.86 μM in HCT116 cells and 0.92 μM in PC-3 cells. Compounds 11b and 12b were slightly less active than the previously mentioned derivatives; however, their solubility was significantly better, and therefore they were selected for the in vivo evaluation of the pharmacokinetic profile in mice. In both compounds, the maximum concentration in plasma was achieved very rapidly-the highest level in plasma was found 1 h after administration (22.2, respectively, 6.4 μM). For compound 12b, the resorption was followed with fast elimination, and 12 h after administration, the compound was not detected in plasma. In contrast, compound 11b was eliminated more slowly; it was still present in plasma after 12 h, but its concentration dropped below the detection limit after 24 h. The elimination half-time determined for compound 11b was 2.4 h and for compound 12b just about 1.4 h. These values are reasonable for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Perlikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo n. 2 , 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinská 5 , 77900 , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinská 5 , 77900 , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sarek
- Betulinines , Sazavska 323 , 28167 Stribrna Skalice , Czech Republic
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53
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Recent Achievements in Medicinal and Supramolecular Chemistry of Betulinic Acid and Its Derivatives ‡. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193546. [PMID: 31574991 PMCID: PMC6803882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review article refers to the recent achievements in the investigation of pharmacological activity and supramolecular characteristics of betulinic acid and its diverse derivatives, with special focus on their cytotoxic effect, antitumor activity, and antiviral effect, and mostly covers a period 2015–2018. Literature sources published earlier are referred to in required coherences or from historical points of view. Relationships between pharmacological activity and supramolecular characteristics are included if such investigation has been done in the original literature sources. A wide practical applicability of betulinic acid and its derivatives demonstrated in the literature sources is also included in this review article. Several literature sources also focused on in silico calculation of physicochemical and ADME parameters of the developed compounds, and on a comparison between the experimental and calculated data.
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Lopatina TV, Medvedeva NI, Baikova IP, Iskhakov AS, Kazakova OB. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of О- and N-Acyl Derivatives of Azepanobetulin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201904006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Song PF, Zhu YD, Ma HY, Wang YN, Wang DD, Zou LW, Ge GB, Yang L. Discovery of natural pentacyclic triterpenoids as potent and selective inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hodon J, Borkova L, Pokorny J, Kazakova A, Urban M. Design and synthesis of pentacyclic triterpene conjugates and their use in medicinal research. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111653. [PMID: 31499360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are natural products from plants and many other organisms that have various biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and protective activities. This review covers the synthesis and biological evaluation of pentacyclic triterpene (PT) conjugates with other molecules that have been found to increase the IC50 or improve the pharmacological profile of the parent PT. Some of these molecules are designed to target specific proteins or cellular organelles, which has resulted in highly selective lead structures for drug development. Other PT conjugates are useful for investigating their mechanism of action. This concept has been very successful: 1) Many compounds, especially mitochondria-targeting PT conjugates, have reached a selective cytotoxicity at low nanomolar concentrations in cancer cells. 2) A number of PT conjugates have had high activity against HIV or the influenza virus. 3) Fluorescent PT conjugates have been able to visualize the PT in living cells, which has allowed quantification of the uptake and distribution of the PT within the cell. 4) Biotinylated PT conjugates have been used to identify target proteins, which may help to show their mechanism of action. 5) A large number of PT conjugates with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyamines, etc. form nanometer-sized micelles that have a much better pharmacological profile than the PT alone. In summary, the connection of a PT to an appropriate modifying molecule has resulted in extremely useful semisynthetic compounds with a high potential to treat cancer or viral infections or compounds that are useful for the study of the mechanism of action of PTs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hodon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kazakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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57
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Giniyatullina GV, Kazakova OB, Baikova IP, Yamansarov EY, Osterman IA, Komarova ES, Skvortsov DA, Saltikova IV, Majouga AG, Ivanenkov YA. Synthesis and Сytotoxicity of A-Azepanobetulinic Acid N-Methyl-Piperazinylamide. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19860670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of A-azepanobetulinic acid N-methylpiperazinylamide was performed through a series of transformations (oximation, Beckmann rearrangement, reduction) of previously synthesized betulonic acid N-methylpiperazinylamide. In vitro cytotoxic activity was detected for the obtained compound against a number of cancer cell lines, and its potential was revealed as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara V. Giniyatullina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana B. Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Irina P. Baikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | | | - Ilya A. Osterman
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Komarova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russian Federation
| | | | - Irina V. Saltikova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yan A. Ivanenkov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS) Ufa Scientific Centre, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
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58
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Synthesis and evaluation of antiviral activities of triterpenic conjugates with 2-aminobutan-1-ol as potent microbicidal agents. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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59
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Bellampalli SS, Ji Y, Moutal A, Cai S, Wijeratne EMK, Gandini MA, Yu J, Chefdeville A, Dorame A, Chew LA, Madura CL, Luo S, Molnar G, Khanna M, Streicher JM, Zamponi GW, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. Betulinic acid, derived from the desert lavender Hyptis emoryi, attenuates paclitaxel-, HIV-, and nerve injury-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy via block of N- and T-type calcium channels. Pain 2019; 160:117-135. [PMID: 30169422 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Federal Pain Research Strategy recommended development of nonopioid analgesics as a top priority in its strategic plan to address the significant public health crisis and individual burden of chronic pain faced by >100 million Americans. Motivated by this challenge, a natural product extracts library was screened and identified a plant extract that targets activity of voltage-gated calcium channels. This profile is of interest as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. The active extract derived from the desert lavender plant native to southwestern United States, when subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, afforded 3 compounds identified as pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. Betulinic acid inhibited depolarization-evoked calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons predominantly through targeting low-voltage-gated (Cav3 or T-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) calcium channels. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology experiments revealed a reduction of Ca, but not Na, currents in sensory neurons after BA exposure. Betulinic acid inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and depolarization-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices. Notably, BA did not engage human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. Intrathecal administration of BA reversed mechanical allodynia in rat models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and HIV-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy as well as a mouse model of partial sciatic nerve ligation without effects on locomotion. The broad-spectrum biological and medicinal properties reported, including anti-HIV and anticancer activities of BA and its derivatives, position this plant-derived small molecule natural product as a potential nonopioid therapy for management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsey A Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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60
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Amiri S, Dastghaib S, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Khadem F, Behrouj H, Aghanoori MR, Machaj F, Ghamsari M, Rosik J, Hudecki A, Afkhami A, Hashemi M, Los MJ, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Ghavami S. Betulin and its derivatives as novel compounds with different pharmacological effects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107409. [PMID: 31220568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulin (B) and Betulinic acid (BA) are natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoids which possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. Recent evidence indicates that B and BA have several properties useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological disorders. In the current review, we discuss B and BA structures and derivatives and then comprehensively explain their pharmacological effects in relation to various diseases. We also explain antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects of B and BA. Finally, we discuss the delivery methods, in which these compounds most effectively target different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Amiri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mahdi Ghamsari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hudecki
- Institue of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marek J Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, ul Bolesława Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, Poland; Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Teknikringen 10, Plan 3, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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61
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Yamansarov EY, Saltykova IV, Kovalev SV, Petrov RA, Shkil’ DO, Seleznev EI, Beloglazkina EK, Majouga AG. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of new alkyne derivatives of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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Gu M, Zhao P, Zhang S, Fan S, Yang L, Tong Q, Ji G, Huang C. Betulinic acid alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through activation of farnesoid X receptors in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:847-863. [PMID: 30635917 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains elusive. Both farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to the progression of NAFLD; however, it is not clear whether the actions of these two pathways are dependent on each other. Moreover, the pharmacological benefits and mechanism of betulinic acid (BA) in controlling metabolic syndrome and NAFLD are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A reporter assay and a time-resolved FRET assay were used to identify BA as an agonist of the FXR. NAFLD was induced by a methionine and choline-deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). The pharmacological effects of BA (100 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) and potential interactions between hepatic FXR activation and ER stress pathways were evaluated by FXR silencing, Western blot and RT-PCR analyses using control and FXR-/- mice. KEY RESULTS Activation of the FXR inhibited intracellular PERK/EIF2α/ATF4 and CHOP signalling, thereby alleviating hepatic ER stress, whereas FXR silencing resulted in an opposite effect. Furthermore, we identified BA as an FXR agonist that effectively attenuated the progression of NAFLD and metabolic disorders in both HFD- and MCD diet-fed mice and restored the hepatocellular ER homeostasis by stimulating the FXR signalling pathway and blocking PERK/EIF2α signalling. In contrast, the effects of BA were attenuated in FXR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrate that pharmacological activation of the FXR by BA reduces hepatocellular ER stress and attenuates NAFLD in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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63
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Sousa JLC, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Silva AMS. Recent Developments in the Functionalization of Betulinic Acid and Its Natural Analogues: A Route to New Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020355. [PMID: 30669472 PMCID: PMC6359067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) and its natural analogues betulin (BN), betulonic (BoA), and 23-hydroxybetulinic (HBA) acids are lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids. They are present in many plants and display important biological activities. This review focuses on the chemical transformations used to functionalize BA/BN/BoA/HBA in order to obtain new derivatives with improved biological activity, covering the period since 2013 to 2018. It is divided by the main chemical transformations reported in the literature, including amination, esterification, alkylation, sulfonation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, hydroxylation, and aldol condensation reactions. In addition, the synthesis of heterocycle-fused BA/HBA derivatives and polymer‒BA conjugates are also addressed. The new derivatives are mainly used as antitumor agents, but there are other biological applications such as antimalarial activity, drug delivery, bioimaging, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L C Sousa
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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64
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Khusnutdinova EF, Kazakova OB, Lobov AN, Kukovinets OS, Suponitsky KY, Meyers CB, Prichard MN. Synthesis of A-ring quinolones, nine-membered oxolactams and spiroindoles by oxidative transformations of 2,3-indolotriterpenoids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:585-597. [PMID: 30574983 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an access to new nitrogen-containing heterocyclic triterpenoids by the reaction of 2,3-indolotriterpenoids with ozone and dimethyldioxirane. The oxidation of indolo-fused 28-oxo-allobetulin or methyl platanoate with ozone led to a mixture of a quinolone as the major product and a nine-membered 2,3-seco-2-oxolactam and three different types of spiroindoles as byproducts. The formation of quinolone and 2,3-seco-2-oxolactam derivatives could be explained by the standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ozone to the C2(3)-double bond of the triterpene core similar to the products observed in the ozonolysis of indoles in the Witkop-Winterfeldt oxidation (WWO). The formation of spiroindoles was unexpected and could be explained through the 1,2-cycloaddition of ozone to the C2(3)-double bond with consecutive intramolecular rearrangements of the 2,3-epoxy-intermediate. These spiroindoles seem to be novel structures observed in the WWO reaction. The formation of only two isomeric triterpene spiroindolinones was achieved by the oxidation of 2,3-indolo-28-oxo-allobetulin with dimethyldioxirane that could be explained by the rearrangement of the 2,3-epoxy-intermediate. 19β,28-Epoxy-18α-olean-28-oxo-2-nor-2,3-4'(1H)-quinolone was the most active against HPV-11 with EC50 0.45 μM and SI50 322 in a primary assay and SI90 < 10 against HPV-16 in a secondary assay. The oxidative transformations of indolotriterpenoids have great potential for further modifications towards the preparation of new biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira F Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation.
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Effective Synthesis of a Novel Tetrahydrofuran Containing Triterpenoid: 5′(Z)-Benzylidene-tetrahydrofurano[3,2-b]lup-20(29)-en-28-oate. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound 5′(Z)-benzylidene-tetrahydrofurano[3,2-b]lup-20(29)-en-28-oate was synthesized with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity by 5-exo-dig cycloisomerization of methyl 2α-phenylpropynyl-3-oxolup-20(29)-en-28-oate with use of KN(SiMe3)2-DME. The novel betulinic acid derivative was fully characterized by conventional analytical methods and all proton and carbon signals have been completely assigned by 2D-NMR experiments.
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Gubaidullin RR, Khalitova RR, Nedopekina DA, Spivak AY. Homo- and Cross Coupling of C-2 Propargyl Substituted Triterpenoic Acids: Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triterpene 1,3-Diynes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R. Gubaidullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Rezeda R. Khalitova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Darya A. Nedopekina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Anna Yu. Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
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67
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Abstract
Covering 2014. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 90-122 This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2014 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 374 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK G12 8QQ.
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68
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Spivak A, Khalitova R, Nedopekina D, Dzhemileva L, Yunusbaeva M, Odinokov V, D'yakonov V, Dzhemilev U. Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activities of Novel C-28 Guanidine-Functionalized Triterpene Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113000. [PMID: 30453551 PMCID: PMC6278366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene acids, namely, 20,29-dihydrobetulinic acid (BA), ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) were converted into C-28-amino-functionalized triterpenoids 4–7, 8a, 15, 18 and 20. These compounds served as precursors for the synthesis of novel guanidine-functionalized triterpene acid derivatives 9b–12b, 15c, 18c and 20c. The influence of the guanidine group on the antitumor properties of triterpenoids was investigated. The cytotoxicity was tested on five human tumor cell lines (Jurkat, K562, U937, HEK, and Hela), and compared with the tests on normal human fibroblasts. The antitumor activities of the most tested guanidine derivatives was lower, than that of corresponding amines, but triterpenoids with the guanidine group were less toxic towards human fibroblasts. The introduction of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane moiety into the molecules of triterpene acids markedly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the resulting conjugates 15, 15c, 18b,c and 20b,c irrespective of the triterpene skeleton type. The dihydrobetulinic acid amine 15, its guanidinium derivative 15c and guanidinium derivatives of ursolic and oleanolic acids 18c and 20c were selected for extended biological investigations in Jurkat cells, which demonstrated that the antitumor activity of these compounds is mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest at the S-phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Rezeda Khalitova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Darya Nedopekina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Lilya Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Milyausha Yunusbaeva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Victor Odinokov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Usein Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia.
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69
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Karagöz AÇ, Leidenberger M, Hahn F, Hampel F, Friedrich O, Marschall M, Kappes B, Tsogoeva SB. Synthesis of new betulinic acid/betulin-derived dimers and hybrids with potent antimalarial and antiviral activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:110-115. [PMID: 30503412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe malaria and viral infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. In search for effective bioactive hybrid molecules, which may possess improved properties compared to their parent compounds, a series of betulinic acid/betulin based dimer and hybrid compounds carrying ferrocene and/or artesunic acid moieties, was designed and, synthesized de novo. Furthermore, they were analyzed in vitro against malaria parasites (growth inhibition of 3D7-strain P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). From this series of hybrids/dimers, the betulinic acid/betulin and artesunic acid hybrids 11 and 12 showed the most potent activities against P. falciparum and HCMV. On the strength of results, additive and/or synergistic effects between the natural or semisynthetic products, such as betulinic acid-/betulin- and artesunic acid-derived compounds, are suggested on the basis of putatively complex modes of antimicrobial action. This advantage may be taken into account in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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70
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Kahnt M, Fischer Née Heller L, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Ethylenediamine Derived Carboxamides of Betulinic and Ursolic Acid as Potential Cytotoxic Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:E2558. [PMID: 30297604 PMCID: PMC6222718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two easily accessible, natural occurring triterpenoids, betulinic and ursolic acid, were used as starting materials for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic agents. A set of 28 ethylenediamine-spacered carboxamides was prepared holding an additional substituent connected to the ethylenediamine group. The compounds were screened in SRB assays to evaluate their cytotoxic activity employing several human tumor cell lines. Betulinic acid-derived carboxamides 17⁻30 showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than their ursolic acid analogs 3⁻16. In particular, compounds 25 and 26 were highly cytotoxic, as indicated by EC50 values lower than 1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahnt
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Lucie Fischer Née Heller
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa 611, Oman.
| | - René Csuk
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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71
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Kahnt M, Wiemann J, Fischer L, Sommerwerk S, Csuk R. Transformation of asiatic acid into a mitocanic, bimodal-acting rhodamine B conjugate of nanomolar cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:143-148. [PMID: 30278332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on their biological activity natural products continue to represent optimal lead structures for the development of novel drug candidates. We focused on the syntheses of several derivatives of the triterpene asiatic acid and on the evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in a photometric sulforhodamin B assay. Especially, benzamide 2 and rhodamine B conjugate 11 show a distinct cytotoxicity for several human tumor cell lines, e.g. EC50 (A2780) = 110 ± 1 nM and EC50 (A2780) = 8 ± 2 nM, respectively. Interestingly, compound 11 showed for two human tumor cell lines (HT29 and 518A2) non-linear, bimodal dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahnt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Fischer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Sommerwerk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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72
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Yang C, Li Y, Fu L, Jiang T, Meng F. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of human renal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8611-8622. [PMID: 29923216 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a natural product with a broad range of biological properties, is a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene isolated from various plants. Evidence is accumulating that BA is cytotoxic against multiple types of human cancer cells; however, its effects on renal carcinoma cells remain obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of BA in human renal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we found that BA inhibited renal cancer cell proliferation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that BA affected the survival of renal cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that the occurrence of apoptosis was associated with upregulation of Bcl2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 in renal cancer cells. Additionally, BA treatment augmented the production of reactive oxygen species and induced a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in renal cancer cells, suggesting that BA may trigger apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the migrative and invasive capabilities of renal cancer cells were markedly repressed by BA treatment, which was related to upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and vimentin, and downregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and E-cadherin. Notably, administration of BA retarded tumor growth in 786-O-bearing mice in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrated the anticancer potential of BA in human renal cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and suppressing migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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73
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Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Derivatives with Modified A-Rings and their Application as Potential Drug Candidates. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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74
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Kahnt M, Heller L, Al-Harrasi A, Schäfer R, Kluge R, Wagner C, Otgonbayar C, Csuk R. Platanic acid-derived methyl 20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oates are potent cytotoxic agents acting by apoptosis. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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75
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Gubaidullin RR, Khalitova RR, Galimshina ZR, Spivak AY. Synthesis of novel [3,2-b] furan-fused pentacyclic triterpenoids via gold - Catalyzed intramolecular heterocyclization of 2-alkynyl-3-oxotriterpene acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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76
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Pang KL, Vijayaraghavan K, Sayed BA, Seyed MA. Betulinic acid‑induced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‑diaphorase in the immune organs of mice: A possible role of nitric oxide in immunomodulation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:3035-3041. [PMID: 29257292 PMCID: PMC5783524 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of betulinic acid (BetA) on the expression and distribution pattern of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‑d), an indirect indicator of nitric oxide (NO) synthase in the thymus and spleen of mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four main groups (n=48 per group): Experimental group (BetA), positive control group (goniothalamin), vehicle control group (dimethyl sulfoxide) and control group (without vehicle). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups according to the treatment length (4, 8 and 12 days). BetA treatment induced the expression of NADPH‑d activity in the thymus and spleen without any significant changes in the morphology of the organs. Furthermore, the expression pattern of NADPH‑d in BetA‑treated animals was significantly increased compared with that in the control animals. NADPH‑d expression in the thymus and spleen suggests that NO signaling may be a potential mechanism underlying the BetA‑induced immunomodulation in these organs. These findings are of direct clinical relevance and may contribute to the further development of BetA as a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Le Pang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti, Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | | | - Badr Al Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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77
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Saneja A, Arora D, Kumar R, Dubey RD, Panda AK, Gupta PN. Therapeutic applications of betulinic acid nanoformulations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1421:5-18. [PMID: 29377164 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a naturally occurring plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, has gained attention in recent years owing to its broad-spectrum biological and medicinal properties. Despite the pharmacological activity of BA, it has been associated with some drawbacks, such as poor aqueous solubility and short half-life in vivo, which limit therapeutic application. To solve these problems, much work in recent years has focused on enhancing BA's aqueous solubility, half-life, and efficacy by using nanoscale drug delivery systems. Several different kinds of nanoscale delivery systems-including polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric conjugates, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrin complexes, and carbon nanotubes-have been developed for the delivery of BA. Here, we focus on the recent developments of novel nanoformulations used to deliver BA in order to improve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Saneja
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Divya Arora
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Robin Kumar
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Dhar Dubey
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu, India
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78
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Komissarova NG, Dubovitskii SN, Shitikova OV, Vyrypaev EM, Spirikhin LV, Eropkina EM, Lobova TG, Eropkin MY, Yunusov MS. Synthesis of Conjugates of Lupane-Type Pentacyclic Triterpenoids with 2-Aminoethane- and N-Methyl-2-Aminoethanesulfonic Acids. Assessment of in vitro Toxicity. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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79
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Nedopekina DA, Gubaidullin RR, Odinokov VN, Maximchik PV, Zhivotovsky B, Bel'skii YP, Khazanov VA, Manuylova AV, Gogvadze V, Spivak AY. Mitochondria-targeted betulinic and ursolic acid derivatives: synthesis and anticancer activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1934-1945. [PMID: 30108714 PMCID: PMC6072465 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new betulinic and ursolic acid conjugates with a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation, meant to enhance the bioavailability and mitochondriotropic action of natural triterpenes, have been synthesized. The in vitro experiments on three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116 and TET21N) revealed that all the obtained triphenylphosphonium triterpene acid derivatives not only showed higher cytotoxicity as compared to betulinic acid but were also markedly superior in triggering mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, as assessed using a range of apoptosis markers such as cytochrome c release, stimulation of caspase-3 activity, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which is one of the targets of caspase 3. The IC50 was much lower for all triphenylphosphonium derivatives when compared to betulinic acid. Out of the tested group of conjugates, the most potent toxicity was exhibited by the betulinic acid conjugate 9 (for 9, the IC50 values against MCF-7 and TET21N cells were 0.70 μM and 0.74 μM; for betulinic acid (BA), IC50 > 25 μM against MCF-7 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya A Nedopekina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Rinat R Gubaidullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Victor N Odinokov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Polina V Maximchik
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
- Division of Toxicology , Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Box 210 , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Yuriy P Bel'skii
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Veniamin A Khazanov
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Arina V Manuylova
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
- Division of Toxicology , Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Box 210 , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anna Yu Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
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80
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Kumar D, Dubey KK. An efficient process for the transformation of betulin to betulinic acid by a strain of Bacillus megaterium. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:157. [PMID: 28623491 PMCID: PMC5473782 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid as a derivative of betulin is widely reported for its anti-HIV and antitumor activities. Betulin has three most significant positions, i.e., primary hydroxyl group at position C-28, secondary hydroxyl group at position C-3, and alkene moiety at position C-20, where chemical modifications were performed to yield pharmacologically more active derivatives. Bioconversion optimization was performed for the enhancement in the percentage of conversion using statistical approach by opting temperature, pH and betulin concentration as independent variables. Three hundred fifty isolates were screened from natural sources under selective medium containing up to 3 g/l of betulin for their tolerance and bioconversion efficiency. Isolate KD235 was found to grow in 3 g/l betulin with 23.34 ± 0.57 g/l biomass and 0.67 ± 0.06 g/l betulinic acid production. New isolate KD235 was characterized by molecular analysis and named as Bacillus megaterium KD235. Molecular characterization of a potentially active isolate for the transformation of betulin to betulinic acid was suggested as isolate Bacillus megaterium KD235. Maximum bioconversion (22 ± 1.5%) was found at optimized conditions, i.e., pH 6.5, temperature 30 °C and at 3 g/l betulin. Validations of experiments as ~11% more bioconversion i.e., 1 ± 0.1 g/l betulinic acid were obtained using 5 l lab fermenter as compared to shake flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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81
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Dangroo NA, Singh J, Rath SK, Gupta N, Qayum A, Singh S, Sangwan PL. A convergent synthesis of novel alkyne-azide cycloaddition congeners of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agent. Steroids 2017; 123:1-12. [PMID: 28435038 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavour to develop potent anti-tumor agents from betulinic acid (BA), a series of C-28 derived 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives were designed and synthesized by employing Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. All the derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxic activity by MTT assay against five different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), colon (HCT116), prostate (PC3), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and breast (T47D). The data revealed that compounds 11c, 11d, 11g, 11h and 13a possess most promising cytotoxic potential. The compound 11h was one of the most active compounds, with IC50 values in the range of 4-6µM against all the five cancer cell lines. The results of this study suggested that derivatives with free -OH (11c, 11d and 11g) and free -COOH (11h and 13a) substitutions in the triazole moiety introduced at the C-28 position significantly improved the anti-tumor activity and may be the favourable position to synthesize potent anticancer leads from BA. Introduction of a non polar alkyl groups at C-28 position (10, 12 and 14) resulted in the significant loss of the activity. Further, DAPI staining, ROS generation and wound healing experiments revealed that compound 11h induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar A Dangroo
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Santosh K Rath
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India.
| | - Payare L Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu, India.
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82
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Gupta N, Rath SK, Singh J, Qayum A, Singh S, Sangwan PL. Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:517-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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83
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Yamansarov EY, Kazakova OB, Medvedeva NI, Lobov AN, Suponitsky KY. Synthesis of triterpenoid-based ring-A azepanone and gem-3-nitro-3-chloro- derivatives by ozonolysis of 3-oximino-28-oxoallobetulin under normal and acidic solvolysis conditions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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84
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Ackermann A, Karagöz AÇ, Ghoochani A, Buchfelder M, Eyüpoglu I, Tsogoeva SB, Savaskan N. Cytotoxic profiling of artesunic and betulinic acids and their synthetic hybrid compound on neurons and gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61457-61474. [PMID: 28977877 PMCID: PMC5617437 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are brain-born tumors with devastating impact on their brain microenvironment. Novel approaches employ multiple combinations of chemical compounds in synthetic hybrid molecules to target malignant tumors. Here, we report on the chemical hybridization approach exemplified by artesunic acid (ARTA) and naturally occurring triterpene betulinic acid (BETA). Artemisinin derived semisynthetic compound artesunic acid (ARTA) and naturally occurring triterpene BETA were used to synthetically couple to the hybrid compound termed 212A. We investigated the impact of 212A and its parent compounds on glioma cells, astrocytes and neurons. ARTA and BETA showed cytotoxic effects on glioma cells at micromolar concentrations. ARTA was more effective on rodent glioma cells compared to BETA, whereas BETA exhibited higher toxic effects on human glioma cells compared to ARTA. We investigated these compounds on non-transformed glial cells and neurons as well. Noteworthy, ARTA showed almost no toxic effects on astrocytes and neurons, whereas BETA as well as 212A displayed neurotoxicity at higher concentrations. Hence we compared the efficacy of the hybrid 212A with the combinational treatment of its parent compounds ARTA and BETA. The hybrid 212A was efficient in killing glioma cells compared to single compound treatment strategies. Moreover, ARTA and the hybrid 212A displayed a significant cytotoxic impact on glioma cell migration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both plant derived compounds ARTA and BETA operate gliomatoxic with minor neurotoxic side effects. Altogether, our proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the chemical hybrid synthesis is a valid approach for generating efficacious anti-cancer drugs out of virtually any given structure. Thus, synthetic hybrid therapeutics emerge as an innovative field for new chemotherapeutic developments with low neurotoxic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Ackermann
- Translational Cell Biology & Neurooncology Laboratory, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Translational Cell Biology & Neurooncology Laboratory, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilker Eyüpoglu
- Translational Cell Biology & Neurooncology Laboratory, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Savaskan
- Translational Cell Biology & Neurooncology Laboratory, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Medical School Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,BiMECON Ent., Berlin, Germany
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85
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Shen H, Liu L, Yang Y, Xun W, Wei K, Zeng G. Betulinic Acid Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Modulating ROS-Regulated p53 Signaling. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1141-1152. [PMID: 28109089 PMCID: PMC7841107 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14841698396784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the head and neck. Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. The present study was designed to explore the effects of BA on OSCC KB cell proliferation in vitro and on implanted tumor growth in vivo and to examine the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that BA dose-dependently inhibited KB cell proliferation and decreased implanted tumor volume. In addition, BA significantly promoted mitochondrial apoptosis, as reflected by an increase in TUNEL+ cells and the activities of caspases 3 and 9, an increase in Bax expression, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. BA significantly increased cell population in the G0/G1 phase and decreases the S phase cell number, indicating the occurrence of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. ROS generation was significantly increased by BA, and antioxidant NAC treatment markedly inhibited the effect of BA on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation. BA dose-dependently increased p53 expression in KB cells and implanted tumors. p53 reporter gene activity and p53 binding in the promoters of Bax were significantly increased by BA. Knockdown of p53 blocked BA-induced increase in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell proliferation. NAC treatment suppressed BA-induced increase in p53 expression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was increased by BA. Taken together, the data demonstrated that ROS–p53 signaling was crucial for BA-exhibited antitumor effect in OSCC. BA may serve as a potential drug for the treatment of oral cancer.
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86
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Triphenylphosphonium cations of betulinic acid derivatives: synthesis and antitumor activity. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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87
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Guo H, Xu J, Hao P, Ding K, Li Z. Competitive affinity-based proteome profiling and imaging to reveal potential cellular targets of betulinic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9620-9623. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Affinity-based proteome profiling (AfBP) coupled with bioimaging to uncover cellular targets of betulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Guo
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Ke Ding
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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88
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Rhodamine B conjugates of triterpenoic acids are cytotoxic mitocans even at nanomolar concentrations. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 127:1-9. [PMID: 28033541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoic acids 1-6 exhibited very low or no cytotoxicity at all, but their corresponding 2,3-di-O-acetyl-piperazinyl amides 13-18 showed low EC50 values for several human tumor cell lines. Their cytotoxicity, however, was also high for the non-malignant mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3. A significant improvement was achieved by preparing the rhodamine B derivatives 19-24. While rhodamine B is not cytotoxic (up to a concentration of 30μM - cut-off of the assay), the triterpenoid piperazine-spacered rhodamine B derivatives were cytotoxic in nano-molar concentration. Compound 24 (a diacetylated maslinic acid derivative) was most toxic for several human tumor cell lines but less toxic for mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3. Staining and double-staining experiments revealed 24 to act as a mitocan.
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89
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Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Khorsandi L, Arzani G, Afshari G. Effects of Betulinic Acid on the Male Reproductive System of a Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model. World J Mens Health 2016; 34:209-216. [PMID: 28053951 PMCID: PMC5209562 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was conducted to evaluate the favorable or harmful effects of betulinic acid (BA) on a diabetic reproductive system. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 60 male Naval Medical Research Institute mice (20∼25 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, diabetes, diabetes+BA (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), and diabetes+ metformin (200 mg/kg). A diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally 15 minutes after an intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (NA) (120 mg/kg). BA and metformin were gavaged for 2 weeks after confirmed diabetes induction in the treatment groups. One day after the last treatment, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels were evaluated. The cauda epididymis and testis were removed to analyze the sperm count and testis histopathology. Results LH levels increased in diabetic (p<0.001) and diabetic BA-treated mice (p=0.009). Plasma levels of testosterone (p< 0.001) and sperm count (p=0.04) decreased in these groups when compared to the control group. Furthermore, administration of 10 mg/kg (p=0.001), 20 mg/kg (p=0.004), or 40 mg/kg (p<0.001) of BA led to a greater reduction in plasma testosterone levels compared to the diabetes group. Seminiferous tubule vacuole numbers increased in diabetic and diabetic BA-treated mice, but testis morphology and FSH level assessment revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions STZ-NA can induce diabetic alterations in the male reproductive system and the administration of BA in diabetic treated mice resulted in a worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Oroojan
- Department of Physiology, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Golshan Arzani
- Department of Physiology, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Golshan Afshari
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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90
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Martins WK, Gomide AB, Costa ÉT, Junqueira HC, Stolf BS, Itri R, Baptista MS. Membrane damage by betulinic acid provides insights into cellular aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3129-3143. [PMID: 27773704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell senescence is a process of central importance to the understanding of aging as well as to the development of new drugs. It is related with genomic instability, which has been shown to occur in the presence of autophagy deficiency. Yet, the mechanism that triggers genomic instability and senescence from a condition of autophagy deficiency remains unknown. By analyzing the consequences of treating human keratinocytes (HaCaT) with the pentacyclic triterpenoid Betulinic Acid (BA) we were able to propose that cell senescence can develop as a response to parallel damage in the membranes of mitochondria and lysosome. METHODS We performed biochemical, immunocytochemical and cytometric assays after challenging HaCaT cells with BA. We also evaluated membrane leakage induced by BA in liposomes and giant unilamellar vesicles. RESULTS By destabilizing lipid bilayers of mitochondria and lysosomes, BA triggers the misbalance in the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis leading to perceived autophagy impairment, lipofuscinogenesis, genomic instability and cell senescence. The progressive accumulation of mitochondria and lipofuscin, which comes from imperfect mitophagy triggered by BA, provides a continuous source of reactive species further damaging lysosomes and leading to cell aging. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals that the initial trigger of cell senescence can be the physical damage in the membranes of lysosomes and mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This concept will help in the search of new drugs that act as senescence-inductors. BA is under evaluation as chemotherapeutic agent against several types of tumors and induction of cell senescence should be considered as one of its main mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska K Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil
| | - Andreza B Gomide
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Padre Anchieta, Brazil
| | - Érico T Costa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) at Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Stolf
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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91
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Zhang X, Hu J, Chen Y. Betulinic acid and the pharmacological effects of tumor suppression (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4489-4495. [PMID: 27748864 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin from tree bark, has the potential to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells without toxicity towards normal cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor pharmacological effects of BA consist of triggering apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, regulating the cell cycle and the angiogenic pathway via factors, including specificity protein transcription factors, cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways, preventing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and affecting the expression of topoisomerase I, p53 and lamin B1. In previous years, several studies have shown its antitumor effect, initially applied to malignant melanoma, however, it also has broad efficacies against most solid types of tumor from different regions of the body. There have been few investigations in hematological malignancies, however, this direction may offer potential in such a novel field of research. In this review, the primary pharmacological effects of BA in tumors, particularly in hematological malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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92
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Lupane and 18α-oleanane derivatives substituted in the position 2, their cytotoxicity and influence on cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:120-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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93
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Martin-Fonseca S, Garcia-Granados A, Ferrer-Martín RM, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Semi-synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated pentacyclic triterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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94
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Raees MA, Hussain H, Al-Rawahi A, Csuk R, Muhammad SA, Khan HY, Rehman NU, Abbas G, Al-Broumi MA, Green IR, Elyassi A, Mahmood T, Al-Harrasi A. Anti-proliferative and computational studies of two new pregnane glycosides from Desmidorchis flava. Bioorg Chem 2016; 67:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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95
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Aljuffali IA, Lin CF, Chen CH, Fang JY. The codrug approach for facilitating drug delivery and bioactivity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1311-25. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1187598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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96
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Muceniece R, Namniece J, Nakurte I, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Jansone B. Pharmacological research on natural substances in Latvia: Focus on lunasin, betulin, polyprenol and phlorizin. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:760-770. [PMID: 27109319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this concise review the current research in plant bioactive compound studies in Latvia is described. The paper summarizes recent studies on substances from edible plants (e.g., cereals and apples) or their synthetic analogues, such as peptide lunasin, as well as substances isolated from inedible plants (e.g., birch and conifer), such as pentacyclic triterpenes (e.g., betulin, betulinic acid, and lupeol) and polyprenols. Latvian researchers have been first to demonstrate the presence of lunasin in triticale and oats. Additionally, the impact of genotype on the levels of lunasin in cereals was shown. Pharmacological studies have revealed effects of lunasin and synthetic triterpenes on the central nervous system in rodents. We were first to show that synthetic lunasin causes a marked neuroleptic/cataleptic effect and that betulin antagonizes bicuculline-induced seizures (a GABA A receptor antagonist). Studies on the mechanisms of action showed that lunasin binds to dopamine D1 receptors and betulin binds to melanocortin and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors therefore we suggest that these receptors play an essential role in lunasin's and betulin's central effects. Recent studies on conifer polyprenols demonstrated the ability of polyprenols to prevent statin-induced muscle weakness in a rat model. Another study on plant compounds has demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of phlorizin-containing unripe apple pomace in healthy volunteers. In summary, research into plant-derived compounds in Latvia has been focused on fractionating, isolating and characterizing of lunasin, triterpenes, polyprenols and phlorizin using in vitro, and in vivo assays, and human observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia.
| | - Jana Namniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Department of Physical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV1586, Latvia
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97
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Amino(oxo)acetate moiety: A new functional group to improve the cytotoxicity of betulin derived carbamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2852-2854. [PMID: 27142753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While 3-O-acetylated betulin derivatives carrying a carbamate moiety at position C-28 are of rather low cytotoxicity for human tumor cell lines, the corresponding C-3 amino(oxo) acetates show good cytotoxicity. For example, an EC50 as low as 2.0μM was found for (3β) 28-{[(hexylamino)carbonyl]oxy}lup-20(29)-en-3-yl amino(oxo)acetate (16) employing the ovarian cancer cell line A2780.
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98
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Wiemann J, Heller L, Csuk R. Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:907-909. [PMID: 26750249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates were easily obtained from their parent compounds; they were screened for their cytotoxicity applying SRB assays employing several human tumor cell lines. Low EC50 values were determined for compounds in which the nitrogen as well as the oxygen in the hydroxamic acid part still holds acidic hydrogens. Thus, ursolic acid derived compounds having at least an OH and/or NH moiety in the hydroxamate part of the molecule showed good cytotoxicity but they are significantly less selective for the tumor cells than oleanolic acid derived compounds. Good results were determined for oleanolic acid derived 7 for tumor cell lines 518A2 (melanoma, EC50=3.3 μM), A2780 (ovarian carcinoma, EC50=3.4 μM) and HT29 (colon adenocarcinoma, EC50=5.6 μM) while being significantly less cytotoxic for fibroblasts (EC50=20.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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99
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Liebscher G, Vanchangiri K, Mueller T, Feige K, Cavalleri JMV, Paschke R. In vitro anticancer activity of Betulinic acid and derivatives thereof on equine melanoma cell lines from grey horses and in vivo safety assessment of the compound NVX-207 in two horses. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:20-9. [PMID: 26772157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, and its derivatives are promising compounds for cancer treatment in humans. Melanoma is not only a problem for humans but also for grey horses as they have a high potential of developing melanoma lesions coupled to the mutation causing their phenotype. Current chemotherapeutic treatment carries the risk of adverse health effects for the horse owner or the treating veterinarian by exposure to antineoplastic compounds. Most treatments have low prospects for systemic tumor regression. Thus, a new therapy is needed. In this in vitro study, Betulinic acid and its two derivatives B10 and NVX-207, both with an improved water solubility compared to Betulinic acid, were tested on two equine melanoma cell lines (MelDuWi and MellJess/HoMelZh) and human melanoma (A375) cell line. We could demonstrate that all three compounds especially NVX-207 show high cytotoxicity on both equine melanoma cell lines. The treatment with these compounds lead to externalization of phosphatidylserines on the cell membrane (AnnexinV-staining), DNA-fragmentation (cell cycle analysis) and activation of initiator and effector caspases (Caspase assays). Our results indicate that the apoptosis is induced in the equine melanoma cells by all three compounds. Furthermore, we succeed in encapsulating the most active compound NVX-207 in 2-Hydroxyprolyl-β-cyclodextrine without a loss of its activity. This formulation can be used as a promising antitumor agent for treating grey horse melanoma. In a first tolerability evaluation in vivo the formulation was administered every one week for 19 consecutive weeks and well tolerated in two adult melanoma affected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liebscher
- Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - K Vanchangiri
- Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Th Mueller
- Department of Hematology/ Oncology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/ Saale, Germany
| | - K Feige
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Clinic for Horses, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - J-M V Cavalleri
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Clinic for Horses, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Paschke
- Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Reyes-Zurita FJ, Medina-O'Donnell M, Ferrer-Martin RM, Rufino-Palomares EE, Martin-Fonseca S, Rivas F, Martínez A, García-Granados A, Pérez-Jiménez A, García-Salguero L, Peragón J, Mokhtari K, Medina PP, Parra A, Lupiáñez JA. The oleanolic acid derivative, 3-O-succinyl-28-O-benzyl oleanolate, induces apoptosis in B16–F10 melanoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of 3-O-succinyl-28-O-benzyl oleanolate on B16–F10 skin-melanoma cells.
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