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Iravanpour F, Dargahi L, Rezaei M, Haghani M, Heidari R, Valian N, Ahmadiani A. Intranasal insulin improves mitochondrial function and attenuates motor deficits in a rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:308-319. [PMID: 33497031 PMCID: PMC7871791 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Experimental and clinical evidences demonstrate that common dysregulated pathways are involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes. Recently, insulin treatment through intranasal (IN) approach has gained attention in PD, although the underlying mechanism of its potential therapeutic effects is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of insulin treatment in a rat model of PD with emphasis on mitochondrial function indices in striatum. Methods Rats were treated with a daily low dose (4IU/day) of IN insulin, starting 72 h after 6‐OHDA‐induced lesion and continued for 14 days. Motor performance, dopaminergic cell survival, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and glutathione (GSH) content in mitochondria, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the gene expression of PGC‐1α, TFAM, Drp‐1, GFAP, and Iba‐1 were assessed. Results Intranasal insulin significantly reduces 6‐OHDA‐induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. In parallel, it improves mitochondrial function indices and modulates mitochondria biogenesis and fission as well as activation of astrocytes and microglia. Conclusion Considering the prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathology, IN insulin as a disease‐modifying therapy for PD should be considered for extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Iravanpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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52
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Ray B, Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Bishir M, Mohan SK, Veeraraghavan VP, Chandra R, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK. Mitochondrial and Organellar Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211028364. [PMID: 34304614 PMCID: PMC8317254 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211028364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established pathological event in Parkinson's disease (PD). Proteins misfolding and its impaired cellular clearance due to altered autophagy/mitophagy/pexophagy contribute to PD progression. It has been shown that mitochondria have contact sites with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and lysosomes that are involved in regulating various physiological processes. In pathological conditions, the crosstalk at the contact sites initiates alterations in intracellular vesicular transport, calcium homeostasis and causes activation of proteases, protein misfolding and impairment of autophagy. Apart from the well-reported molecular changes like mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy/mitophagy and oxidative stress in PD, here we have summarized the recent scientific reports to provide the mechanistic insights on the altered communications between ER, peroxisomes, and lysosomes at mitochondrial contact sites. Furthermore, the manuscript elaborates on the contributions of mitochondrial contact sites and organelles dysfunction to the pathogenesis of PD and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai – 600123, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Visiting Professor, Biomedical Sciences department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK- S7N 5A2, Canada
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53
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Reich N, Hölscher C. Acylated Ghrelin as a Multi-Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614828. [PMID: 33381011 PMCID: PMC7767977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much thought has been given to the impact of Amyloid Beta, Tau and Alpha-Synuclein in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the clinical failures of the recent decades indicate that there are further pathological mechanisms at work. Indeed, besides amyloids, AD and PD are characterized by the culminative interplay of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission, defective autophagy and mitophagy, systemic inflammation, BBB and vascular damage, demyelination, cerebral insulin resistance, the loss of dopamine production in PD, impaired neurogenesis and, of course, widespread axonal, synaptic and neuronal degeneration that leads to cognitive and motor impediments. Interestingly, the acylated form of the hormone ghrelin has shown the potential to ameliorate the latter pathologic changes, although some studies indicate a few complications that need to be considered in the long-term administration of the hormone. As such, this review will illustrate the wide-ranging neuroprotective properties of acylated ghrelin and critically evaluate the hormone's therapeutic benefits for the treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, A Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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54
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Arriagada-Diaz J, Prado-Vega L, Cárdenas Díaz AM, Ardiles AO, Gonzalez-Jamett AM. Dynamin Superfamily at Pre- and Postsynapses: Master Regulators of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:41-58. [PMID: 33300419 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420974313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily proteins (DSPs) comprise a large group of GTP-ases that orchestrate membrane fusion and fission, and cytoskeleton remodeling in different cell-types. At the central nervous system, they regulate synaptic vesicle recycling and signaling-receptor turnover, allowing the maintenance of synaptic transmission. In the presynapses, these GTP-ases control the recycling of synaptic vesicles influencing the size of the ready-releasable pool and the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, whereas in the postsynapses, they are involved in AMPA-receptor trafficking to and from postsynaptic densities, supporting excitatory synaptic plasticity, and consequently learning and memory formation. In agreement with these relevant roles, an important number of neurological disorders are associated with mutations and/or dysfunction of these GTP-ases. Along the present review we discuss the importance of DSPs at synapses and their implication in different neuropathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arriagada-Diaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Prado-Vega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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55
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HIV-associated neurodegenerative disorders: extracellular and intracellular mechanisms. AIDS 2020; 34:2334-2336. [PMID: 33196498 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Chen Y, Guo S, Tang Y, Mou C, Hu X, Shao F, Yan W, Wu Q. Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission in Neuronal Death Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion and Its Clinical Application: A Mini-Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e928651. [PMID: 33156817 PMCID: PMC7654336 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which are joined by mitochondrial fusion and divided by mitochondrial fission. The balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission plays a critical role in maintaining the normal function of neurons, of which the processes are both mediated by several proteins activated by external stimulation. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can disrupt the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission through regulating the expression and post-translation modification of fusion- and fission-related proteins, thereby destroying homeostasis of the intracellular environment and causing neuronal death. Furthermore, human intervention in fusion- and fission-related proteins can influence the function of neurons and change the outcomes of cerebral I/R injury. In recent years, researchers have found that mitochondrial dysfunction was one of the main factors involved in I/R, and mitochondria is an attractive target in I/R neuroprotection. Therefore, mitochondrial-targeted therapy of the nervous system for I/R gradually started from basic study to clinical application. In the present review, we highlight recent progress in mitochondria fusion and fission in neuronal death induced by cerebral I/R to help understanding the regulatory factors and signaling networks of aberrant mitochondrial fusion and fission contributing to neuronal death during I/R, as well as the potential neuroprotective therapeutics targeting mitochondrial dynamics, which may help clinical treatment and development of relevant dugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yajuan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chaohui Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinben Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fangjie Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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57
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Iannielli A, Ugolini GS, Cordiglieri C, Bido S, Rubio A, Colasante G, Valtorta M, Cabassi T, Rasponi M, Broccoli V. Reconstitution of the Human Nigro-striatal Pathway on-a-Chip Reveals OPA1-Dependent Mitochondrial Defects and Loss of Dopaminergic Synapses. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4646-4656.e4. [PMID: 31875567 PMCID: PMC6941223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived neurons are generally obtained in mass cultures that lack both spatial organization and any meaningful connectivity. We implement a microfluidic system for long-term culture of human neurons with patterned projections and synaptic terminals. Co-culture of human midbrain dopaminergic and striatal medium spiny neurons on the microchip establishes an orchestrated nigro-striatal circuitry with functional dopaminergic synapses. We use this platform to dissect the mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with a genetic form of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with OPA1 mutations. Remarkably, we find that axons of OPA1 mutant dopaminergic neurons exhibit a significant reduction of mitochondrial mass. This defect causes a significant loss of dopaminergic synapses, which worsens in long-term cultures. Therefore, PD-associated depletion of mitochondria at synapses might precede loss of neuronal connectivity and neurodegeneration. In vitro reconstitution of human circuitries by microfluidic technology offers a powerful system to study brain networks by establishing ordered neuronal compartments and correct synapse identity. Long-term stable reconstitution of the human nigro-striatal neuronal circuit on-a-chip Stable synaptic connectivity of the iPSC-derived nigro-striatal neuronal connections Dopaminergic-specific synaptic identity of the iPSC-derived nigro-striatal pathway PD-OPA1 DA axons show a severe loss and impairment of mitochondria
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Iannielli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Department of Electronics, Information & Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Bido
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alicia Rubio
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Valtorta
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cabassi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information & Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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58
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Trinh D, Israwi AR, Arathoon LR, Gleave JA, Nash JE. The multi-faceted role of mitochondria in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 156:715-752. [PMID: 33616931 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function. They produce ATP to meet energy demands, regulate homeostasis of ion levels such as calcium and regulate reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative cellular stress. Mitochondria have also been shown to regulate protein synthesis within themselves, as well as within the nucleus, and also influence synaptic plasticity. These roles are especially important for neurons, which have higher energy demands and greater susceptibility to stress. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Glaucoma and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The focus of this review is on how and why mitochondrial function is linked to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many of the PD-linked genetic mutations which have been identified result in dysfunctional mitochondria, through a wide-spread number of mechanisms. In this review, we describe how susceptible neurons are predisposed to be vulnerable to the toxic events that occur during the neurodegenerative process of PD, and how mitochondria are central to these pathways. We also discuss ways in which proteins linked with familial PD control mitochondrial function, both physiologically and pathologically, along with their implications in genome-wide association studies and risk assessment. Finally, we review potential strategies for disease modification through mitochondrial enhancement. Ultimately, agents capable of both improving and/or restoring mitochondrial function, either alone, or in conjunction with other disease-modifying agents may halt or slow the progression of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennison Trinh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad R Israwi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay R Arathoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Gleave
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne E Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
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59
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Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Calcium, Bioenergetics, and Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092045. [PMID: 32911641 PMCID: PMC7564460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for the core motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous pacemakers that have large cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that have been linked to basal mitochondrial oxidant stress and turnover. This review explores the origin of Ca2+ oscillations and their role in the control of mitochondrial respiration, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidant stress.
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60
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Jiao Z, Wu Y, Qu S. Fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons via disruption of the mitochondrial quality control system. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:78. [PMID: 32884840 PMCID: PMC7447795 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic pyrethroid derivative, fenpropathrin, is a widely used insecticide. However, a variety of toxic effects in mammals have been reported. In particular, fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and parkinsonism. However, the mechanism of fenpropathrin-induced parkinsonism has remained unknown. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of fenpropathrin on perturbing the dopaminergic system both in vivo and in vitro. We found that fenpropathrin induced cellular death of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, fenpropathrin increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, disrupted both mitochondrial function and dynamic networks, impaired synaptic communication, and promoted mitophagy in vitro. In mice, fenpropathrin was administered into the striatum via stereotaxic (ST) injections. ST-injected mice exhibited poor locomotor function at 24 weeks after the first ST injection and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells and level of TH protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta were significantly decreased, as compared to these parameters in vehicle-treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that exposure to fenpropathrin induces a loss of dopaminergic neurons and partially mimics the pathologic features of Parkinson's disease. These findings suggest that fenpropathrin may induce neuronal degeneration via dysregulation of mitochondrial function and the mitochondrial quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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61
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Parkin, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Plays an Essential Role in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1395-1411. [PMID: 32623547 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as one of the complex neurodegenerative disorders, affects millions of aged people. Although the precise pathogenesis remains mostly unknown, a significant number of studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a major role in the pathogeny of PD. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations can damage mitochondrial integrity. Especially, mutations in several genes that PD-linked have a closed association with mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and LRRK2). Parkin, whose mutation causes autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism, plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. Therefore, we summarized the advanced studies of Parkin's role in mitochondrial quality control and hoped it could be studied further as a therapeutic target for PD.
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62
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Yan X, Wang B, Hu Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Abnormal Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:138. [PMID: 32655368 PMCID: PMC7324542 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by a progressive loss of selective neuron subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS). Although various factors account for the initiation and development of these diseases, accumulating evidence shows that impaired mitochondrial function is a prominent and common mechanism. Mitochondria play a critical role in neurons and are involved in energy production, cellular metabolism regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, immune responses, and cell fate. Thus, cells in the CNS heavily rely on mitochondrial integrity. Many aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are manifested in neurodegenerative diseases, including aberrant mitochondrial quality control (mitoQC), mitochondrial-driven inflammation, and bioenergetic defects. Herein, we briefly summarize the molecular basis of mitoQC, including mitochondrial proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and organelle degradation. We also focus on the research, to date, regarding aberrant mitoQC and mitochondrial-driven inflammation in several common neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we outline novel therapeutic strategies that target aberrant mitoQC in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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63
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Yan X, Wang B, Hu Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Abnormal Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:138. [PMID: 32655368 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00138/xml/nlm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by a progressive loss of selective neuron subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS). Although various factors account for the initiation and development of these diseases, accumulating evidence shows that impaired mitochondrial function is a prominent and common mechanism. Mitochondria play a critical role in neurons and are involved in energy production, cellular metabolism regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, immune responses, and cell fate. Thus, cells in the CNS heavily rely on mitochondrial integrity. Many aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are manifested in neurodegenerative diseases, including aberrant mitochondrial quality control (mitoQC), mitochondrial-driven inflammation, and bioenergetic defects. Herein, we briefly summarize the molecular basis of mitoQC, including mitochondrial proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and organelle degradation. We also focus on the research, to date, regarding aberrant mitoQC and mitochondrial-driven inflammation in several common neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we outline novel therapeutic strategies that target aberrant mitoQC in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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64
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Yang L, Youngblood H, Wu C, Zhang Q. Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 32475349 PMCID: PMC7262767 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests mitochondria are a promising target for neuroprotection. Recently, methods targeting mitochondria have been considered as potential approaches for treatment of brain disease through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative injury. This review will discuss two widely studied approaches for the improvement of brain mitochondrial respiration, methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM). MB is a widely studied drug with potential beneficial effects in animal models of brain disease, as well as limited human studies. Similarly, PBM is a non-invasive treatment that promotes energy production and reduces both oxidative stress and inflammation, and has garnered increasing attention in recent years. MB and PBM have similar beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative damage, inflammation, and subsequent behavioral symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying the energy enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of MB and PBM differ. This review will focus on mitochondrial dysfunction in several different brain diseases and the pathological improvements following MB and PBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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65
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Red Thread across Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103719. [PMID: 32466216 PMCID: PMC7279270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in a plethora of processes related to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and genomic integrity. They contribute to preserving the optimal functioning of cells and protecting them from potential DNA damage which could result in mutations and disease. However, perturbations of the system due to senescence or environmental factors induce alterations of the physiological balance and lead to the impairment of mitochondrial functions. After the description of the crucial roles of mitochondria for cell survival and activity, the core of this review focuses on the "mitochondrial switch" which occurs at the onset of neuronal degeneration. We dissect the pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunctions which are shared among the most frequent or disabling neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Can mitochondrial dysfunctions (affecting their morphology and activities) represent the early event eliciting the shift towards pathological neurobiological processes? Can mitochondria represent a common target against neurodegeneration? We also review here the drugs that target mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases.
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66
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Maria-Ferreira D, de Oliveira NMT, da Silva LCM, Fernandes ES. Evidence of a Role for the TRPC Subfamily in Mediating Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:332. [PMID: 32457638 PMCID: PMC7225354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) represents one of the most common multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders affecting the elderly population. It is associated with the aggregation of α-synuclein protein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. The disease is mainly represented by motor symptoms, such as resting tremors, postural instability, rigidity, and bradykinesia, that develop slowly over time. Parkinson's disease can also manifest as disturbances in non-motor functions. Although the pathology of PD has not yet been fully understood, it has been suggested that the disruption of the cellular redox status may contribute to cellular oxidative stress and, thus, to cell death. The generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates, as well as the dysfunction of dopamine metabolism, play important roles in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this context, the transient receptor potential channel canonical (TRPC) sub-family plays an important role in neuronal degeneration. Additionally, PD gene products, including DJ-1, SNCA, UCH-L1, PINK-1, and Parkin, also interfere with mitochondrial function leading to reactive oxygen species production and dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the interplay between these various biochemical and molecular events that ultimately lead to dopaminergic signaling disruption, highlighting the recently identified roles of TRPC in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Soares Fernandes
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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67
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:61-89. [PMID: 32247375 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, disabling millions worldwide. Despite the imperative PD poses, at present, there is no cure or means of slowing progression. This gap is attributable to our incomplete understanding of the factors driving pathogenesis. Research over the past several decades suggests that both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes contribute to the neuronal dysfunction underlying PD symptoms. The thesis of this review is that an intersection of these processes governs the pattern of pathology in PD. Studies of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, whose loss is responsible for the core motor symptoms of PD, suggest that they have a combination of traits-a long, highly branched axon, autonomous activity, and elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress-that predispose them to non-cell autonomous drivers of pathogenesis, like misfolded forms of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and inflammation. The literature surrounding these issues will be briefly summarized, and the translational implications of an intersectional hypothesis of PD pathogenesis discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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68
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Restelli LM, Oettinghaus B, Halliday M, Agca C, Licci M, Sironi L, Savoia C, Hench J, Tolnay M, Neutzner A, Schmidt A, Eckert A, Mallucci G, Scorrano L, Frank S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Activates the Integrated Stress Response to Induce Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1407-1414. [PMID: 30089252 PMCID: PMC6092266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress adaptation is essential for neuronal health. While the fundamental role of mitochondria in neuronal development has been demonstrated, it is still not clear how adult neurons respond to alterations in mitochondrial function and how neurons sense, signal, and respond to dysfunction of mitochondria and their interacting organelles. Here, we show that neuron-specific, inducible in vivo ablation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 causes ER stress, resulting in activation of the integrated stress response to culminate in neuronal expression of the cytokine Fgf21. Neuron-derived Fgf21 induction occurs also in murine models of tauopathy and prion disease, highlighting the potential of this cytokine as an early biomarker for latent neurodegenerative conditions. Neuronal Drp1 ablation is sensed by branches of the integrated stress response (ISR) Activation of the ISR induces catabolic cytokine Fgf21 in the brain Brain Fgf21 induced in neurodegeneration models may be a potential biomarker
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Björn Oettinghaus
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Mark Halliday
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Cavit Agca
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Maria Licci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Lara Sironi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Savoia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel 4025, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua 35129, Italy
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
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69
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Wang XL, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Dynamin-related protein 1: A protein critical for mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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70
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Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. Heterogeneity of dopamine release sites in health and degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104633. [PMID: 31698055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising only ~ 0.001% of all neurons in the human brain, ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exert a profound influence on human behavior and cognition. As a neuromodulator, dopamine selectively inhibits or enhances synaptic signaling to coordinate neural output for action, attention, and affect. Humans invariably lose brain dopamine during aging, and this can be exacerbated in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease. Further, it is well established in multiple disease states that cell loss is selective for a subset of highly sensitive neurons within the nigrostriatal dopamine tract. Regional differences in dopamine tone are regulated pre-synaptically, with subcircuits of projecting dopamine neurons exhibiting distinct molecular and physiological signatures. Specifically, proteins at dopamine release sites that synthesize and package cytosolic dopamine, modulate its release and reuptake, and alter neuronal excitability show regional differences that provide linkages to the observed sensitivity to neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to outline the major components of dopamine homeostasis at neurotransmitter release sites and describe the regional differences most relevant to understanding why some, but not all, dopamine neurons exhibit heightened vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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71
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Mishra A, Singh S, Tiwari V, Bano S, Shukla S. Dopamine D1 receptor agonism induces dynamin related protein-1 inhibition to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112304. [PMID: 31626851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter act on dopamine receptors (D1-D5) to regulate motor functions, reward, addiction and cognitive behavior. The depletion of DA in midbrain due to degeneration of nigral dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons leads to Parkinson's disease (PD). DA agonist and levodopa (L-DOPA) are the only therapies used for symptomatic relief in PD. However, the role of DA receptors in PD pathogenesis and how they are associated with mitochondrial functions and DAergic neurogenesis is still not known. Here, we investigated the mechanistic aspect of DA D1 receptor mediated control of DAergic neurogenesis, motor behavior and mitochondrial functions in rat PD model. The pharmacological activation of D1 receptors markedly improved motor deficits, mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and defended nigral DAergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurotoxicity in adult rats. However, the D1 agonist mediated effects were abolished following D1 receptor antagonist treatment in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of dynamin related protein-1 (Drp-1) by Mdivi-1 in D1 antagonist treated PD rats, significantly restored behavioral deficits, mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial biogenesis and increased the number of newborn DAergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Drp-1 inhibition mediated neuroprotective effects in PD rats were associated with increased level of protein kinase-B/Akt and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, our data suggests that dopamine D1 receptor mediated reduction in mitochondrial fission and enhanced DAergic neurogenesis may involve Drp-1 inhibition which led to improved behavioral recovery in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India; L4078, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut (Uconn) Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue
| | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shameema Bano
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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72
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Itoh K, Murata D, Kato T, Yamada T, Araki Y, Saito A, Adachi Y, Igarashi A, Li S, Pletnikov M, Huganir RL, Watanabe S, Kamiya A, Iijima M, Sesaki H. Brain-specific Drp1 regulates postsynaptic endocytosis and dendrite formation independently of mitochondrial division. eLife 2019; 8:44739. [PMID: 31603426 PMCID: PMC6824841 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) divides mitochondria as a mechano-chemical GTPase. However, the function of Drp1 beyond mitochondrial division is largely unknown. Multiple Drp1 isoforms are produced through mRNA splicing. One such isoform, Drp1ABCD, contains all four alternative exons and is specifically expressed in the brain. Here, we studied the function of Drp1ABCD in mouse neurons in both culture and animal systems using isoform-specific knockdown by shRNA and isoform-specific knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the expression of Drp1ABCD is induced during postnatal brain development. Drp1ABCD is enriched in dendritic spines and regulates postsynaptic clathrin-mediated endocytosis by positioning the endocytic zone at the postsynaptic density, independently of mitochondrial division. Drp1ABCD loss promotes the formation of ectopic dendrites in neurons and enhanced sensorimotor gating behavior in mice. These data reveal that Drp1ABCD controls postsynaptic endocytosis, neuronal morphology and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Adachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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73
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Wong Y, Luk K, Purtell K, Nanni SB, Stoessl AJ, Trudeau LE, Yue Z, Krainc D, Oertel W, Obeso JA, Volpicelli-Daley L. Neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease: Should the focus be on axons and synaptic terminals? Mov Disord 2019; 34:1406-1422. [PMID: 31483900 PMCID: PMC6879792 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While current effective therapies are available for the symptomatic control of PD, treatments to halt the progressive neurodegeneration still do not exist. Loss of dopamine neurons in the SNc and dopamine terminals in the striatum drive the motor features of PD. Multiple lines of research point to several pathways which may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. These pathways include extensive axonal arborization, mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine's biochemical properties, abnormal protein accumulation of α-synuclein, defective autophagy and lysosomal degradation, and synaptic impairment. Thus, understanding the essential features and mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability is a major scientific challenge and highlights an outstanding need for fostering effective therapies against neurodegeneration in PD. This article, which arose from the Movement Disorders 2018 Conference, discusses and reviews the possible mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability and potential therapeutic approaches in PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Kerry Purtell
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Hess Research Center 9th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Burke Nanni
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A. Jon Stoessl
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre & National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Hess Research Center 9th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jose A. Obeso
- HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur, Hospitales de Madrid, Mostoles Medical School, CEU-San Pablo University, and CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Volpicelli-Daley
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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74
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Bordone MP, Salman MM, Titus HE, Amini E, Andersen JV, Chakraborti B, Diuba AV, Dubouskaya TG, Ehrke E, Espindola de Freitas A, Braga de Freitas G, Gonçalves RA, Gupta D, Gupta R, Ha SR, Hemming IA, Jaggar M, Jakobsen E, Kumari P, Lakkappa N, Marsh APL, Mitlöhner J, Ogawa Y, Paidi RK, Ribeiro FC, Salamian A, Saleem S, Sharma S, Silva JM, Singh S, Sulakhiya K, Tefera TW, Vafadari B, Yadav A, Yamazaki R, Seidenbecher CI. The energetic brain - A review from students to students. J Neurochem 2019; 151:139-165. [PMID: 31318452 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia-neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic ('housekeeping') cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non-neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Paula Bordone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley E Titus
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Artem V Diuba
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatsiana G Dubouskaya
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andiara Espindola de Freitas
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richa Gupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sharon R Ha
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel A Hemming
- Brain Growth and Disease Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Minal Jaggar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Punita Kumari
- Defense Institute of Physiology and allied sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS college of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Mitlöhner
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ahmad Salamian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sorabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Shripriya Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Tesfaye Wolde Tefera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Behnam Vafadari
- Institute of environmental medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Reiji Yamazaki
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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75
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Mandal A, Drerup CM. Axonal Transport and Mitochondrial Function in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:373. [PMID: 31447650 PMCID: PMC6696875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and elaborate architecture of a neuron poses a great challenge to the cellular machinery which localizes proteins and organelles, such as mitochondria, to necessary locations. Proper mitochondrial localization in neurons is particularly important as this organelle provides energy and metabolites essential to form and maintain functional neural connections. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy pool of mitochondria and removal of damaged organelles are essential for neuronal homeostasis. Long distance transport of the organelle itself as well as components necessary for maintaining mitochondria in distal compartments are important for a constant supply of healthy mitochondria at the right time and place. Accordingly, many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities. Here, we review our current understanding on transport-dependent mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial replenishment. We focus on axonal transport and import of mRNAs and proteins destined for mitochondria as well as mitochondrial fusion and fission to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in distal compartments of the neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mandal
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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76
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Sprenger HG, Wani G, Hesseling A, König T, Patron M, MacVicar T, Ahola S, Wai T, Barth E, Rugarli EI, Bergami M, Langer T. Loss of the mitochondrial i-AAA protease YME1L leads to ocular dysfunction and spinal axonopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809288. [PMID: 30389680 PMCID: PMC6328943 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the morphology and function of mitochondria cause neurological diseases, which can affect the central and peripheral nervous system. The i‐AAA protease YME1L ensures mitochondrial proteostasis and regulates mitochondrial dynamics by processing of the dynamin‐like GTPase OPA1. Mutations in YME1L cause a multi‐systemic mitochondriopathy associated with neurological dysfunction and mitochondrial fragmentation but pathogenic mechanisms remained enigmatic. Here, we report on striking cell‐type‐specific defects in mice lacking YME1L in the nervous system. YME1L‐deficient mice manifest ocular dysfunction with microphthalmia and cataracts and develop deficiencies in locomotor activity due to specific degeneration of spinal cord axons, which relay proprioceptive signals from the hind limbs to the cerebellum. Mitochondrial fragmentation occurs throughout the nervous system and does not correlate with the degenerative phenotype. Deletion of Oma1 restores tubular mitochondria but deteriorates axonal degeneration in the absence of YME1L, demonstrating that impaired mitochondrial proteostasis rather than mitochondrial fragmentation causes the observed neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Sprenger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gulzar Wani
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Hesseling
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim König
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Patron
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas MacVicar
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sofia Ahola
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Barth
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Bergami
- Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany .,Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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77
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Devine MJ, Kittler JT. Mitochondria at the neuronal presynapse in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 19:63-80. [PMID: 29348666 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synapses enable neurons to communicate with each other and are therefore a prerequisite for normal brain function. Presynaptically, this communication requires energy and generates large fluctuations in calcium concentrations. Mitochondria are optimized for supplying energy and buffering calcium, and they are actively recruited to presynapses. However, not all presynapses contain mitochondria; thus, how might synapses with and without mitochondria differ? Mitochondria are also increasingly recognized to serve additional functions at the presynapse. Here, we discuss the importance of presynaptic mitochondria in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and how dysfunctional presynaptic mitochondria might contribute to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Devine
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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78
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Mitochondria and the Brain: Bioenergetics and Beyond. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:219-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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79
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Park J, Seo J, Won J, Yeo HG, Ahn YJ, Kim K, Jin YB, Koo BS, Lim KS, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Lee HY, Baek SH, Jeon CY, Hong JJ, Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim SU, Lee DS, Lee SR, Lee Y. Abnormal Mitochondria in a Non-human Primate Model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease: Drp1 and CDK5/p25 Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:414-424. [PMID: 31308800 PMCID: PMC6614070 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria continuously fuse and divide to maintain homeostasis. An impairment in the balance between the fusion and fission processes can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), with excessive mitochondrial fission in dopaminergic neurons being one of the pathological mechanisms of PD. Here, we investigated the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in the substantia nigra of a non-human primate model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD. We found that MPTP induced shorter and abnormally distributed mitochondria. This phenomenon was accompanied by the activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, through increased phosphorylation at S616. Thereafter, we assessed for activation of the components of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades, which are known regulators of Drp1(S616) phosphorylation. MPTP induced an increase in p25 and p35, which are required for CDK5 activation. Together, these findings suggest that the phosphorylation of Drp1(S616) by CDK5 is involved in mitochondrial fission in the substantia nigra of a non-human primate model of MPTP-induced PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ahn
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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80
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Corti O. Neuronal Mitophagy: Lessons from a Pathway Linked to Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:292-305. [PMID: 31102068 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells with complex and extended architecture and high energy requirements. Energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, produced essentially by mitochondrial respiration, is necessary to preserve neuronal morphology, maintain resting potential, fire action potentials, and ensure neurotransmission. Pools of functional mitochondria are required in all neuronal compartments, including cell body and dendrites, nodes of Ranvier, growth cones, axons, and synapses. The mechanisms by which old or damaged mitochondria are removed and replaced in neurons remain to be fully understood. Mitophagy has gained considerable interest since the discovery of familial forms of Parkinson's disease caused by dysfunction of PINK1 and Parkin, two multifunctional proteins cooperating in the regulation of this process. Over the past 10 years, the molecular mechanisms by which PINK1 and Parkin jointly promote the degradation of defective mitochondria by autophagy have been dissected. However, our understanding of the relevance of mitophagy to mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons remains poor. Insight has been recently gained thanks to the development of fluorescent reporter systems for tracking mitochondria in the acidic compartment of the lysosome. Using these tools, mitophagy events have been visualized in primary neurons in culture and in vivo, under basal conditions and in response to toxic insults. Despite these advances, whether PINK1 and Parkin play a major role in promoting neuronal mitophagy under physiological conditions in adult animals and during aging remains a matter of debate. Future studies will have to clarify in how far dysfunction of neuronal mitophagy is central to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Inserm, U1127, F-75013, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, F-75013, Paris, France.
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81
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease-Cause or Consequence? BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020038. [PMID: 31083583 PMCID: PMC6627981 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
James Parkinson first described the motor symptoms of the disease that took his name over 200 years ago. While our knowledge of many of the changes that occur in this condition has increased, it is still unknown what causes this neurodegeneration and why it only affects some individuals with advancing age. Here we review current literature to discuss whether the mitochondrial dysfunction we have detected in Parkinson’s disease is a pathogenic cause of neuronal loss or whether it is itself a consequence of dysfunction in other pathways. We examine research data from cases of idiopathic Parkinson’s with that from model systems and individuals with familial forms of the disease. Furthermore, we include data from healthy aged individuals to highlight that many of the changes described are also present with advancing age, though not normally in the presence of severe neurodegeneration. While a definitive answer to this question may still be just out of reach, it is clear that mitochondrial dysfunction sits prominently at the centre of the disease pathway that leads to catastrophic neuronal loss in those affected by this disease.
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82
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Tapias V, McCoy JL, Greenamyre JT. Phenothiazine normalizes the NADH/NAD + ratio, maintains mitochondrial integrity and protects the nigrostriatal dopamine system in a chronic rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101164. [PMID: 30925294 PMCID: PMC6440170 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sustained inhibition of complex I produces mitochondrial dysfunction, which is related to oxidative injury and nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurodegeneration. This study aimed to identify disease-modifying treatments for PD. Unsubstituted phenothiazine (PTZ) is a small and uncharged aromatic imine that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. PTZ lacks significant DA receptor-binding activity and, in the nanomolar range, exhibits protective effects via its potent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities. Given that DAergic neurons are highly vulnerable to oxidative damage and inflammation, we hypothesized that administration of PTZ might confer neuroprotection in different experimental models of PD. Our findings showed that PTZ rescues rotenone (ROT) toxicity in primary ventral midbrain neuronal cultures by preserving neuronal integrity and reducing protein thiol oxidation. Long-term treatment with PTZ improved animal weight, survival rate, and behavioral deficits in ROT-lesioned rats. PTZ protected DA content and fiber density in the striatum and DA neurons in the SN against the deleterious effects of ROT. Mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal impairment, oxidative insult, and inflammatory response were attenuated with PTZ therapy. Furthermore, we have provided a new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of PTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Department of Neurology, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Jennifer L McCoy
- Department of Neurology, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Department of Neurology, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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83
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Rossi MJ, Pekkurnaz G. Powerhouse of the mind: mitochondrial plasticity at the synapse. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 57:149-155. [PMID: 30875521 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with extraordinary energy demands, which are mainly fulfilled by mitochondria. In response to altered neuronal energy state, mitochondria adapt to enable energy homeostasis and nervous system function. This adaptation, also called mitochondrial plasticity, can be observed as alterations in the form, function and position. The primary site of energy consumption in neurons is localized at the synapse, where mitochondria are critical for both pre- and postsynaptic functions. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial plasticity at the synapse and how they contribute to information processing within neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Rossi
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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84
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Wenzel ED, Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I. HIV-associated neurodegeneration: exploitation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:301-312. [PMID: 30850975 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection of the central nervous system damages synapses and promotes axonal injury, ultimately resulting in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The mechanisms through which HIV causes damage to neurons are still under investigation. The cytoskeleton and associated proteins are fundamental for axonal and dendritic integrity. In this article, we review evidence that HIV proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat), impair the structure and function of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Investigation into the effects of viral proteins on the neuronal cytoskeleton may provide a better understanding of HIV neurotoxicity and suggest new avenues for additional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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85
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Stutz B, Nasrallah C, Nigro M, Curry D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Elsworth JD, Mintz L, Horvath TL. Dopamine neuronal protection in the mouse Substantia nigra by GHSR is independent of electric activity. Mol Metab 2019; 24:120-138. [PMID: 30833218 PMCID: PMC6531791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dopamine neurons in the Substantia nigra (SN) play crucial roles in control of voluntary movement. Extensive degeneration of this neuronal population is the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many factors have been linked to SN DA neuronal survival, including neuronal pacemaker activity (responsible for maintaining basal firing and DA tone) and mitochondrial function. Dln-101, a naturally occurring splice variant of the human ghrelin gene, targets the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) present in the SN DA cells. Ghrelin activation of GHSR has been shown to protect SN DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. We decided to compare the actions of Dln-101 with ghrelin and identify the mechanisms associated with neuronal survival. Methods Histologial, biochemical, and behavioral parameters were used to evaluate neuroprotection. Inflammation and redox balance of SN DA cells were evaluated using histologial and real-time PCR analysis. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) technology was used to modulate SN DA neuron electrical activity and associated survival. Mitochondrial dynamics in SN DA cells was evaluated using electron microscopy data. Results Here, we report that the human isoform displays an equivalent neuroprotective factor. However, while exogenous administration of mouse ghrelin electrically activates SN DA neurons increasing dopamine output, as well as locomotion, the human isoform significantly suppressed dopamine output, with an associated decrease in animal motor behavior. Investigating the mechanisms by which GHSR mediates neuroprotection, we found that dopamine cell-selective control of electrical activity is neither sufficient nor necessary to promote SN DA neuron survival, including that associated with GHSR activation. We found that Dln101 pre-treatment diminished MPTP-induced mitochondrial aberrations in SN DA neurons and that the effect of Dln101 to protect dopamine cells was dependent on mitofusin 2, a protein involved in the process of mitochondrial fusion and tethering of the mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions Taken together, these observations unmasked a complex role of GHSR in dopamine neuronal protection independent on electric activity of these cells and revealed a crucial role for mitochondrial dynamics in some aspects of this process. Dln101 is a human splice-variant of the ghrelin gene with different expression pattern. Ghrelin and Dln101 display equivalent levels of neuroprotection of SN DA cells. Modulation of electrical activity of SN DA cells is not relevant for neuroprotection. Mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN 2) blocks DLN101-induced mitochondrial fusion in SN DA neurons and prevents DLN101-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stutz
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA.
| | - Carole Nasrallah
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Mariana Nigro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
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86
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Reduced mitochondrial fusion and Huntingtin levels contribute to impaired dendritic maturation and behavioral deficits in Fmr1-mutant mice. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:386-400. [PMID: 30742117 PMCID: PMC6556892 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome results from a loss of the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). How FMRP regulates neuronal development and function remains unclear. Here we show that FMRP-deficient immature neurons exhibit impaired dendritic maturation, altered expression of mitochondrial genes, fragmented mitochondria, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased oxidative stress. Enhancing mitochondrial fusion partially rescued dendritic abnormalities in FMRP-deficient immature neurons. We show that FMRP deficiency leads to reduced Htt mRNA and protein levels and that HTT mediates FMRP regulation of mitochondrial fusion and dendritic maturation. Mice with hippocampal Htt knockdown and Fmr1-knockout mice showed similar behavioral deficits that could be rescued by treatment with a mitochondrial fusion compound. Our data unveil mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to the impaired dendritic maturation of FMRP-deficient neurons and suggest a role for interactions between FMRP and HTT in the pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome.
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87
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Zhao XY, Lu MH, Yuan DJ, Xu DE, Yao PP, Ji WL, Chen H, Liu WL, Yan CX, Xia YY, Li S, Tao J, Ma QH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neural Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:30. [PMID: 30778282 PMCID: PMC6369908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the double membrane organelles providing most of the energy for cells. In addition, mitochondria also play essential roles in various cellular biological processes such as calcium signaling, apoptosis, ROS generation, cell growth, and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various neurological disorders which harbor acute and chronic neural injury such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia, hypoxia-induced brain injury. In this review, we describe how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders which manifest chronic or acute neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - De-Juan Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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88
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Gatto EM, Da Prat G, Etcheverry JL, Drelichman G, Cesarini M. Parkinsonisms and Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review for Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9020030. [PMID: 30717266 PMCID: PMC6406566 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, lysosomal storage diseases appear as a bridge of knowledge between rare genetic inborn metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or frontotemporal dementia. Epidemiological studies helped promote research in the field that continues to improve our understanding of the link between mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene and PD. We conducted a review of this link, highlighting the association in GBA mutation carriers and in Gaucher disease type 1 patients (GD type 1). A comprehensive review of the literature from January 2008 to December 2018 was undertaken. Relevance findings include: (1) There is a bidirectional interaction between GBA and α- synuclein in protein homeostasis regulatory pathways involving the clearance of aggregated proteins. (2) The link between GBA deficiency and PD appears not to be restricted to α–synuclein aggregates but also involves Parkin and PINK1 mutations. (3) Other factors help explain this association, including early and later endosomes and the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP-2A) involved in the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). (4) The best knowledge allows researchers to explore new therapeutic pathways alongside substrate reduction or enzyme replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Gatto
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Section, Institute of Neuroscience of Buenos Aires (INEBA). Guardia Vieja 4435, Buenos Aires C1192AAW, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Da Prat
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Section, Institute of Neuroscience of Buenos Aires (INEBA). Guardia Vieja 4435, Buenos Aires C1192AAW, Argentina.
| | - Jose Luis Etcheverry
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Section, Institute of Neuroscience of Buenos Aires (INEBA). Guardia Vieja 4435, Buenos Aires C1192AAW, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Drelichman
- Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina.
| | - Martin Cesarini
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Section, Institute of Neuroscience of Buenos Aires (INEBA). Guardia Vieja 4435, Buenos Aires C1192AAW, Argentina.
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89
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Li H, Ham A, Ma TC, Kuo SH, Kanter E, Kim D, Ko HS, Quan Y, Sardi SP, Li A, Arancio O, Kang UJ, Sulzer D, Tang G. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations. Autophagy 2019; 15:113-130. [PMID: 30160596 PMCID: PMC6287702 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1509818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in GBA, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucosylceramidase beta/β-glucocerebrosidase, comprise the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD), but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here, we show that in GbaL444P/WT knockin mice, the L444P heterozygous Gba mutation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and mitochondrial priming, two steps critical for the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, a process known as mitophagy. In SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, the overexpression of L444P GBA impeded mitochondrial priming and autophagy induction when endogenous lysosomal GBA activity remained intact. By contrast, genetic depletion of GBA inhibited lysosomal clearance of autophagic cargo. The link between heterozygous GBA mutations and impaired mitophagy was corroborated in postmortem brain tissue from PD patients carrying heterozygous GBA mutations, where we found increased mitochondrial content, mitochondria oxidative stress and impaired autophagy. Our findings thus suggest a mechanistic basis for mitochondrial dysfunction associated with GBA heterozygous mutations. Abbreviations: AMBRA1: autophagy/beclin 1 regulator 1; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; BNIP3L/Nix: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chloroyphenylhydrazone; CYCS: cytochrome c, somatic; DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GBA: glucosylceramidase beta; GBA-PD: Parkinson disease with heterozygous GBA mutations; GD: Gaucher disease; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LC3B-II: lipidated form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MitoGreen: MitoTracker Green; MitoRed: MitoTracker Red; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; Non-GBA-PD: Parkinson disease without GBA mutations; PD: Parkinson disease; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN/PARK2: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNCA: synuclein alpha; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; VDAC1/Porin: voltage dependent anion channel 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahrom Ham
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thong Chi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Quan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aiqun Li
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guomei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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90
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Breton JM, Charbit AR, Snyder BJ, Fong PTK, Dias EV, Himmels P, Lock H, Margolis EB. Relative contributions and mapping of ventral tegmental area dopamine and GABA neurons by projection target in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:916-941. [PMID: 30393861 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain structure that contains dopamine (DA), GABA, and glutamate neurons that project to many different brain regions. Here, we combined retrograde tracing with immunocytochemistry against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) to systematically compare the proportion of dopaminergic and GABAergic VTA projections to 10 target nuclei: anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex; nucleus accumbens core, medial shell, and lateral shell; anterior and posterior basolateral amygdala; ventral pallidum; and periaqueductal gray. Overall, the non-dopaminergic component predominated VTA efferents, accounting for more than 50% of all projecting neurons to each region except the nucleus accumbens core. In addition, GABA neurons contributed no more than 20% to each projection, with the exception of the projection to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, where the GABAergic contribution approached 50%. Therefore, there is likely a significant glutamatergic component to many of the VTA's projections. We also found that VTA cell bodies retrogradely labeled from the various target brain regions had distinct distribution patterns within the VTA, including in the locations of DA and GABA neurons. Despite this patterned organization, VTA neurons comprising these different projections were intermingled and never limited to any one subregion. These anatomical results are consistent with the idea that VTA neurons participate in multiple distinct, parallel circuits that differentially contribute to motivation and reward. While attention has largely focused on VTA DA neurons, a better understanding of VTA subpopulations, especially the contribution of non-DA neurons to projections, will be critical for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Annabelle R Charbit
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin J Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter T K Fong
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California
| | - Elayne V Dias
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California
| | - Patricia Himmels
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California
| | - Hagar Lock
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California
| | - Elyssa B Margolis
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California
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91
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Nguyen M, Wong YC, Ysselstein D, Severino A, Krainc D. Synaptic, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2018; 42:140-149. [PMID: 30509690 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has highlighted the importance of the autophagy/lysosomal and mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathways in disease pathogenesis. However, recently identified PD-linked genes, including DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endophilin A1), have also highlighted disruptions in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) as a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, the roles of other PD genes such as LRRK2, PRKN, and VPS35 in the regulation of SVE are beginning to emerge. Here we discuss the recent work on the contribution of dysfunctional SVE to midbrain dopaminergic neurons' selective vulnerability and highlight pathways that demonstrate the interplay of synaptic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nguyen
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yvette C Wong
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel Ysselstein
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alex Severino
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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92
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Lewis TL, Kwon SK, Lee A, Shaw R, Polleux F. MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates presynaptic release and axon branching by limiting axonal mitochondria size. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5008. [PMID: 30479337 PMCID: PMC6258764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons display extreme degrees of polarization, including compartment-specific organelle morphology. In cortical, long-range projecting, pyramidal neurons (PNs), dendritic mitochondria are long and tubular whereas axonal mitochondria display uniformly short length. Here we explored the functional significance of maintaining small mitochondria for axonal development in vitro and in vivo. We report that the Drp1 'receptor' Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is required for determining the size of mitochondria entering the axon and then for maintenance of their size along the distal portions of the axon without affecting their trafficking properties, presynaptic capture, membrane potential or ability to generate ATP. Strikingly, this increase in presynaptic mitochondrial size upon MFF downregulation augments their capacity for Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) uptake during neurotransmission, leading to reduced presynaptic [Ca2+]c accumulation, decreased presynaptic release and terminal axon branching. Our results uncover a novel mechanism controlling neurotransmitter release and axon branching through fission-dependent regulation of presynaptic mitochondrial size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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93
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Singh M, Denny H, Smith C, Granados J, Renden R. Presynaptic loss of dynamin-related protein 1 impairs synaptic vesicle release and recycling at the mouse calyx of Held. J Physiol 2018; 596:6263-6287. [PMID: 30285293 DOI: 10.1113/jp276424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This study characterizes the mechanisms underlying defects in synaptic transmission when dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is genetically eliminated. Viral-mediated knockout of DRP1 from the presynaptic terminal at the mouse calyx of Held increased initial release probability, reduced the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool and impaired synaptic vesicle recycling. Transmission defects could be partially restored by increasing the intracellular calcium buffering capacity with EGTA-AM, implying close coupling of Ca2+ channels to synaptic vesicles was compromised. Acute restoration of ATP to physiological levels in the presynaptic terminal did not reverse the synaptic defects. Loss of DRP1 impairs mitochondrial morphology in the presynaptic terminal, which in turn seems to arrest synaptic maturation. ABSTRACT Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, and likely affects synaptic neurotransmission prior to cellular loss. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is essential for mitochondrial fission and is disrupted in neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we used the mouse calyx of Held synapse as a model to investigate the impact of presynaptic DRP1 loss on synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling and sustained neurotransmission. In vivo viral expression of Cre recombinase in ventral cochlear neurons of floxed-DRP1 mice generated a presynaptic-specific DRP1 knockout (DRP1-preKO), where the innervated postsynaptic cell was unperturbed. Confocal reconstruction of the calyx terminal suggested SV clusters and mitochondrial content were disrupted, and presynaptic terminal volume was decreased. Using postsynaptic voltage-clamp recordings, we found that DRP1-preKO synapses had larger evoked responses at low frequency stimulation. DRP1-preKO synapses also had profoundly altered short-term plasticity, due to defects in SV recycling. Readily releasable pool size, estimated with high-frequency trains, was dramatically reduced in DRP1-preKO synapses, suggesting an important role for DRP1 in maintenance of release-competent SVs at the presynaptic terminal. Presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation in the terminal was also enhanced in DRP1-preKO synapses. Synaptic transmission defects could be partially rescued with EGTA-AM, indicating close coupling of Ca2+ channels to SV distance normally found in mature terminals may be compromised by DRP1-preKO. Using paired recordings of the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, recycling defects could not be reversed by acute dialysis of ATP into the calyx terminals. Taken together, our results implicate a requirement for mitochondrial fission to coordinate postnatal synapse maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Henry Denny
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Christina Smith
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Jorge Granados
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Robert Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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94
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Mariano V, Domínguez-Iturza N, Neukomm LJ, Bagni C. Maintenance mechanisms of circuit-integrated axons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:162-173. [PMID: 30241058 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult, circuit-integrated neurons must be maintained and supported for the life span of their host. The attenuation of either maintenance or plasticity leads to impaired circuit function and ultimately to neurodegenerative disorders. Over the last few years, significant discoveries of molecular mechanisms were made that mediate the formation and maintenance of axons. Here, we highlight intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that ensure the health and survival of axons. We also briefly discuss examples of mutations associated with impaired axonal maintenance identified in specific neurological conditions. A better understanding of these mechanisms will therefore help to define targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuria Domínguez-Iturza
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas J Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
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95
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Chidambaram SB, Bhat A, Ray B, Sugumar M, Muthukumar SP, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Sakharkar MK. Cocoa beans improve mitochondrial biogenesis via PPARγ/PGC1α dependent signalling pathway in MPP + intoxicated human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:471-480. [PMID: 30207204 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1521088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are shown to protect from or delay the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was aims to gain insight into the role of ahydroalcoholic extract of cocoa (standardised for epicatechin content) on mitochondrial biogenesis in MPP+ intoxicated human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y). The effects of cocoa on PPARγ, PGC1α, Nrf2 and TFAM protein expression and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. A pre-exposure to cocoa extract decreased reactive oxygen species formation and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. The cocoa extract was found to up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and the downstream signalling proteins PGC1α, Nrf2 and TFAM. It increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCl2 and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Further, the cocoa extract down-regulated the expression of mitochondria fission 1 (Fis1) and up-regulated the expression of mitochondria fusion 2 (Mfn2) proteins, suggesting an improvement in mitochondrial functions in MPP+ intoxicated cells upon treatment with cocoa. Interestingly, cocoa up-regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. No change in the expression of PPARγ on treatment with cocoa extract was observed when the cells were pre-treated with PPARγ antagonist GW9662. This data suggests that cocoa mediates mitochondrial biogenesis via a PPARγ/PGC1α dependent signalling pathway and also has the ability to improve dopaminergic functions by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Based on our data, we propose that a cocoa bean extract and products thereof could be used as potential nutritional supplements for neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Dept of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 57 00 15, KA, India
| | - Abid Bhat
- Dept of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 57 00 15, KA, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Dept of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 57 00 15, KA, India
| | - Mani Sugumar
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
| | - Serva Peddha Muthukumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, KA, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
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96
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Zhao H, Perkins G, Yao H, Callacondo D, Appenzeller O, Ellisman M, La Spada AR, Haddad GG. Mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSC-derived neurons of subjects with chronic mountain sickness. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:832-840. [PMID: 29357502 PMCID: PMC6734077 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00689.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) suffer from hypoxemia, erythrocytosis, and numerous neurologic deficits. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from both CMS and non-CMS subjects to study CMS neuropathology. Using transmission electron microscopy, we report that CMS neurons have a decreased mitochondrial volume density, length, and less cristae membrane surface area. Real-time PCR confirmed a decreased mitochondrial fusion gene optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression. Immunoblot analysis showed an accumulation of the short isoform of OPA1 (S-OPA1) in CMS neurons, which have reduced ATP levels under normoxia and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase 3 activation after hypoxia. Improving the balance between the long isoform of OPA1 and S-OPA1 in CMS neurons increased the ATP levels and attenuated LDH release under hypoxia. Our data provide initial evidence for altered mitochondrial morphology and function in CMS neurons, and reveal increased cell death under hypoxia due in part to altered mitochondrial dynamics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from chronic mountain sickness (CMS) subjects have altered mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, and increased sensitivity to hypoxic stress. Modification of OPA1 can attenuate cell death after hypoxic treatment, providing evidence that altered mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in increased vulnerability under stress in CMS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Hang Yao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - David Callacondo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologíasen Salud e Investigación (IETSI). EsSalud . Lima , Peru
| | - Otto Appenzeller
- New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mark Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- The Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego, California
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- The Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego, California
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97
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Kiryu-Seo S, Kiyama H. Mitochondrial behavior during axon regeneration/degeneration in vivo. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:42-47. [PMID: 30179641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, mitochondrial dynamics beyond function during axon regeneration/degeneration have received attention. Axons have an effective delivery system of mitochondria shuttling between soma and axonal terminals, due to their polarized structure. The proper axonal transport of mitochondria, coordinated with mitochondrial fission/fusion and clearance, is vital for supplying high power energy in injured axons. Many researchers have studied mitochondrial dynamics using in vitro cultured cells with significant progress reported. However, the in vitro culture system is missing a physiological environment including glial cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells, whose communications are indispensable to nerve regeneration/degeneration. In line with this, the understanding of mitochondrial behavior in injured axon in vivo is necessary for promoting the physiological understanding of damaged axons and the development of a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on recent insights into in vivo mitochondrial dynamics during axonal regeneration/degeneration, and introduce the advances of mouse strains to visualize mitochondria in a neuron-specific or an injury-specific manner, which are extremely useful for nerve regeneration/degeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University. 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University. 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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98
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El Fissi N, Rojo M, Aouane A, Karatas E, Poliacikova G, David C, Royet J, Rival T. Mitofusin gain and loss of function drive pathogenesis in Drosophila models of CMT2A neuropathy. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45241. [PMID: 29898954 PMCID: PMC6073211 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is caused by dominant alleles of the mitochondrial pro-fusion factor Mitofusin 2 (MFN2). To address the consequences of these mutations on mitofusin activity and neuronal function, we generate Drosophila models expressing in neurons the two most frequent substitutions (R94Q and R364W, the latter never studied before) and two others localizing to similar domains (T105M and L76P). All alleles trigger locomotor deficits associated with mitochondrial depletion at neuromuscular junctions, decreased oxidative metabolism and increased mtDNA mutations, but they differently alter mitochondrial morphology and organization. Substitutions near or within the GTPase domain (R94Q, T105M) result in loss of function and provoke aggregation of unfused mitochondria. In contrast, mutations within helix bundle 1 (R364W, L76P) enhance mitochondrial fusion, as demonstrated by the rescue of mitochondrial alterations and locomotor deficits by over-expression of the fission factor DRP1. In conclusion, we show that both dominant negative and dominant active forms of mitofusin can cause CMT2A-associated defects and propose for the first time that excessive mitochondrial fusion drives CMT2A pathogenesis in a large number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Rojo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aїcha Aouane
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Esra Karatas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Claudine David
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Royet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
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99
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Abstract
This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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100
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Lizama BN, Palubinsky AM, McLaughlin B. Alterations in the E3 ligases Parkin and CHIP result in unique metabolic signaling defects and mitochondrial quality control issues. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:139-155. [PMID: 28851515 PMCID: PMC5826822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
E3 ligases are essential scaffold proteins, facilitating the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 enzymes to lysine residues of client proteins via isopeptide bonds. The specificity of substrate binding and the expression and localization of E3 ligases can, however, endow these proteins with unique features with variable effects on mitochondrial, metabolic and CNS function. By comparing and contrasting two E3 ligases, Parkin and C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein (CHIP) we seek to highlight the biophysical properties that may promote mitochondrial dysfunction, acute stress signaling and critical developmental periods to cease in response to mutations in these genes. Encoded by over 600 human genes, RING-finger proteins are the largest class of E3 ligases. Parkin contains three RING finger domains, with R1 and R2 separated by an in-between region (IBR) domain. Loss-of-function mutations in Parkin were identified in patients with early onset Parkinson's disease. CHIP is a member of the Ubox family of E3 ligases. It contains an N-terminal TPR domain and forms unique asymmetric homodimers. While CHIP can substitute for mutated Parkin and enhance survival, CHIP also has unique functions. The differences between these proteins are underscored by the observation that unlike Parkin-deficient animals, CHIP-null animals age prematurely and have significantly impaired motor function. These properties make these E3 ligases appealing targets for clinical intervention. In this work, we discuss how biophysical and metabolic properties of these E3 ligases have driven rapid progress in identifying roles for E3 ligases in development, proteostasis, mitochondrial biology, and cell health, as well as new data about how these proteins alter the CNS proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney N Lizama
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
| | - Amy M Palubinsky
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States
| | - BethAnn McLaughlin
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States
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