51
|
Rohrbeck A, Höltje M, Adolf A, Oms E, Hagemann S, Ahnert-Hilger G, Just I. The Rho ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme binds cells via an Arg-Gly-Asp motif. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17668-17680. [PMID: 28882889 PMCID: PMC5663871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme (C3bot) is a bacterial protein toxin devoid of a cell-binding or -translocation domain. Nevertheless, C3 can efficiently enter intact cells, including neurons, but the mechanism of C3 binding and uptake is not yet understood. Previously, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as an extracellular membranous interaction partner of C3. However, uptake of C3 into cells still occurs (although reduced) in the absence of vimentin, indicating involvement of an additional host cell receptor. C3 harbors an Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) motif, which is the major integrin-binding site, present in a variety of integrin ligands. To check whether the RGD motif of C3 is involved in binding to cells, we performed a competition assay with C3 and RGD peptide or with a monoclonal antibody binding to β1-integrin subunit and binding assays in different cell lines, primary neurons, and synaptosomes with C3-RGD mutants. Here, we report that preincubation of cells with the GRGDNP peptide strongly reduced C3 binding to cells. Moreover, mutation of the RGD motif reduced C3 binding to intact cells and also to recombinant vimentin. Anti-integrin antibodies also lowered the C3 binding to cells. Our results indicate that the RGD motif of C3 is at least one essential C3 motif for binding to host cells and that integrin is an additional receptor for C3 besides vimentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Markus Höltje
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Adolf
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oms
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Sandra Hagemann
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Gudrun Ahnert-Hilger
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Just
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yuan A, Rao MV, Veeranna, Nixon RA. Neurofilaments and Neurofilament Proteins in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/4/a018309. [PMID: 28373358 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYNeurofilaments (NFs) are unique among tissue-specific classes of intermediate filaments (IFs) in being heteropolymers composed of four subunits (NF-L [neurofilament light]; NF-M [neurofilament middle]; NF-H [neurofilament heavy]; and α-internexin or peripherin), each having different domain structures and functions. Here, we review how NFs provide structural support for the highly asymmetric geometries of neurons and, especially, for the marked radial expansion of myelinated axons crucial for effective nerve conduction velocity. NFs in axons extensively cross-bridge and interconnect with other non-IF components of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules, actin filaments, and other fibrous cytoskeletal elements, to establish a regionally specialized network that undergoes exceptionally slow local turnover and serves as a docking platform to organize other organelles and proteins. We also discuss how a small pool of oligomeric and short filamentous precursors in the slow phase of axonal transport maintains this network. A complex pattern of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events on each subunit modulates filament assembly, turnover, and organization within the axonal cytoskeleton. Multiple factors, and especially turnover rate, determine the size of the network, which can vary substantially along the axon. NF gene mutations cause several neuroaxonal disorders characterized by disrupted subunit assembly and NF aggregation. Additional NF alterations are associated with varied neuropsychiatric disorders. New evidence that subunits of NFs exist within postsynaptic terminal boutons and influence neurotransmission suggests how NF proteins might contribute to normal synaptic function and neuropsychiatric disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mala V Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Veeranna
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016.,Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Laurin Y, Eyer J, Robert CH, Prevost C, Sacquin-Mora S. Mobility and Core-Protein Binding Patterns of Disordered C-Terminal Tails in β-Tubulin Isotypes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1746-1756. [PMID: 28290671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although they play a significant part in the regulation of microtubule structure, dynamics, and function, the disordered C-terminal tails of tubulin remain invisible to experimental structural methods and do not appear in the crystallographic structures that are currently available in the Protein Data Bank. Interestingly, these tails concentrate most of the sequence variability between tubulin isotypes and are the sites of the principal post-translational modifications undergone by this protein. Using homology modeling, we developed two complete models for the human αI/βI- and αI/βIII-tubulin isotypes that include their C-terminal tails. We then investigated the conformational variability of the two β-tails using long time-scale classical molecular dynamics simulations that revealed similar features, notably the unexpected presence of common anchoring regions on the surface of the tuulin dimer, but also distinctive mobility or interaction patterns, some of which could be related to the tail lengths and charge distributions. We also observed in our simulations that the C-terminal tail from the βI isotype, but not the βIII isotype, formed contacts in the putative binding site of a recently discovered peptide that disrupts microtubule formation in glioma cells. Hindering the binding site in the βI isotype would be consistent with this peptide's preferential disruption of microtubule formation in glioma, whose cells overexpress βIII, compared to normal glial cells. While these observations need to be confirmed with more intensive sampling, our study opens new perspectives for the development of isotype-specific chemotherapy drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Laurin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie & Transgenèse, UPRES EA 3143, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Angers, France
| | - Charles H Robert
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Prevost
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sacquin-Mora
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Hoffman A, Taleski G, Sontag E. The protein serine/threonine phosphatases PP2A, PP1 and calcineurin: A triple threat in the regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:119-131. [PMID: 28126489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule, F-actin and neurofilament networks play a critical role in neuronal cell morphogenesis, polarity and synaptic plasticity. Significantly, the assembly/disassembly and stability of these cytoskeletal networks is crucially modulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Herein, we aim to more closely examine the role played by three major neuronal Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, PP2A, PP1 and calcineurin, in the homeostasis of the neuronal cytoskeleton. There is strong evidence that these enzymes interact with and dephosphorylate a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, resulting in major regulation of neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics. Conversely, we also discuss how multi-protein cytoskeletal scaffolds can also influence the regulation of these phosphatases, with important implications for neuronal signalling and homeostasis. Not surprisingly, deregulation of these cytoskeletal scaffolds and phosphatase dysfunction are associated with many neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
|
56
|
NFL-lipid nanocapsules for brain neural stem cell targeting in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release 2016; 238:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
57
|
Neurofilament depletion improves microtubule dynamics via modulation of Stat3/stathmin signaling. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:93-110. [PMID: 27021905 PMCID: PMC4911381 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, microtubules form a dense array within axons, and the stability and function of this microtubule network is modulated by neurofilaments. Accumulation of neurofilaments has been observed in several forms of neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms how elevated neurofilament levels destabilize axons are unknown so far. Here, we show that increased neurofilament expression in motor nerves of pmn mutant mice, a model of motoneuron disease, causes disturbed microtubule dynamics. The disease is caused by a point mutation in the tubulin-specific chaperone E (Tbce) gene, leading to an exchange of the most C-terminal amino acid tryptophan to glycine. As a consequence, the TBCE protein becomes instable which then results in destabilization of axonal microtubules and defects in axonal transport, in particular in motoneurons. Depletion of neurofilament increases the number and regrowth of microtubules in pmn mutant motoneurons and restores axon elongation. This effect is mediated by interaction of neurofilament with the stathmin complex. Accumulating neurofilaments associate with stathmin in axons of pmn mutant motoneurons. Depletion of neurofilament by Nefl knockout increases Stat3–stathmin interaction and stabilizes the microtubules in pmn mutant motoneurons. Consequently, counteracting enhanced neurofilament expression improves axonal maintenance and prolongs survival of pmn mutant mice. We propose that this mechanism could also be relevant for other neurodegenerative diseases in which neurofilament accumulation and loss of microtubules are prominent features.
Collapse
|
58
|
Lépinoux-Chambaud C, Barreau K, Eyer J. The Neurofilament-Derived Peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 Targets Neural Stem Cells and Affects Their Properties. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:901-13. [PMID: 27177578 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeting neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain represents a promising approach for developing new regenerative strategies, because these cells can proliferate, self-renew, and differentiate into new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Previous work showed that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide, corresponding to the sequence of a tubulin-binding site on neurofilaments, can target glioblastoma cells, where it disrupts their microtubules and inhibits their proliferation. We show that this peptide targets NSCs in vitro and in vivo when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. Although neurosphere formation was not altered by the peptide, the NSC self-renewal capacity and proliferation were reduced and were associated with increased adhesion and differentiation. These results indicate that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide represents a new molecular tool to target NSCs to develop new strategies for regenerative medicine and the treatment of brain tumors. SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide targeted neural stem cells in vitro when isolated from the subventricular zone and in vivo when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid present in the lateral ventricle. The in vitro formation of neurospheres was not altered by the peptide; however, at a high concentration of the peptide, the neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal capacity and proliferation were reduced and associated with increased adhesion and differentiation. These results indicate that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide represents a new molecular tool to target NSCs to develop new strategies for regenerative medicine and the treatment of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lépinoux-Chambaud
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Transgenese, Université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur EA-3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, L'Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Kristell Barreau
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Transgenese, Université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur EA-3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, L'Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Transgenese, Université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur EA-3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, L'Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Sub-Chronic Neuropathological and Biochemical Changes in Mouse Visual System after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153608. [PMID: 27088355 PMCID: PMC4835061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) results in neuropathological and biochemical consequences in the human visual system. Using a recently developed mouse model of r-mTBI, with control mice receiving repetitive anesthesia alone (r-sham) we assessed the effects on the retina and optic nerve using histology, immunohistochemistry, proteomic and lipidomic analyses at 3 weeks post injury. Retina tissue was used to determine retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number, while optic nerve tissue was examined for cellularity, myelin content, protein and lipid changes. Increased cellularity and areas of demyelination were clearly detectable in optic nerves in r-mTBI, but not in r-sham. These changes were accompanied by a ~25% decrease in the total number of Brn3a-positive RGCs. Proteomic analysis of the optic nerves demonstrated various changes consistent with a negative effect of r-mTBI on major cellular processes like depolymerization of microtubules, disassembly of filaments and loss of neurons, manifested by decrease of several proteins, including neurofilaments (NEFH, NEFM, NEFL), tubulin (TUBB2A, TUBA4A), microtubule-associated proteins (MAP1A, MAP1B), collagen (COL6A1, COL6A3) and increased expression of other proteins, including heat shock proteins (HSP90B1, HSPB1), APOE and cathepsin D. Lipidomic analysis showed quantitative changes in a number of phospholipid species, including a significant increase in the total amount of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), including the molecular species 16:0, a known demyelinating agent. The overall amount of some ether phospholipids, like ether LPC, ether phosphatidylcholine and ether lysophosphatidylethanolamine were also increased, while the majority of individual molecular species of ester phospholipids, like phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, were decreased. Results from the biochemical analysis correlate well with changes detected by histological and immunohistochemical methods and indicate the involvement of several important molecular pathways. This will allow future identification of therapeutic targets for improving the visual consequences of r-mTBI.
Collapse
|
60
|
|
61
|
Fressinaud C, Eyer J. Neurofilaments and NFL-TBS.40–63 peptide penetrate oligodendrocytes through clathrin-dependent endocytosis to promote their growth and survival in vitro. Neuroscience 2015; 298:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
62
|
Saini A, Sharma S, Jaswal RR. Non-covalent Interactions Guide the Structural Plasticity of Desmin Tubulin Binding Peptides: A Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Study. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
63
|
Laurin Y, Savarin P, Robert CH, Takahashi M, Eyer J, Prevost C, Sacquin-Mora S. Investigating the Structural Variability and Binding Modes of the Glioma Targeting NFL-TBS.40–63 Peptide on Tubulin. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3660-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Laurin
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Université
Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244 CNRS, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Charles H. Robert
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institue of Technology 2-12-1-M6-14
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie & Transgenèse, UPRES EA 3143, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Chantal Prevost
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sacquin-Mora
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Abstract
The sense of touch informs us of the physical properties of our surroundings and is a critical aspect of communication. Before touches are perceived, mechanical signals are transmitted quickly and reliably from the skin's surface to mechano-electrical transduction channels embedded within specialized sensory neurons. We are just beginning to understand how soft tissues participate in force transmission and how they are deformed. Here, we review empirical and theoretical studies of single molecules and molecular ensembles thought to be involved in mechanotransmission and apply the concepts emerging from this work to the sense of touch. We focus on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a well-studied model for touch sensation in which mechanics can be studied on the molecular, cellular, and systems level. Finally, we conclude that force transmission is an emergent property of macromolecular cellular structures that mutually stabilize one another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Krieg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miriam B. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Quick Q, Paul M, Skalli O. Roles and potential clinical applications of intermediate filament proteins in brain tumors. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:40-8. [PMID: 25976260 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are cytoplasmic and nuclear cytoskeletal proteins. Of the ~70 IF proteins, nearly 12 are found in the nervous system, where their expression is largely cell-type specific. Astrocytes express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), whereas different neuron types contain neurofilament proteins, α-internexin, or peripherin. These proteins are often downregulated in brain cancer. In addition, brain cancer cells may also contain vimentin, nestin, and synemin, which are the IF proteins found in neural progenitor cells. In different brain tumor types, the expression of nestin, vimentin, and α-internexin appears to correlate with the clinical outcome. Experimental investigations have also demonstrated that IF proteins have distinct roles in specific brain tumor cell behaviors: nestin, for instance, is important for the proliferation of glioma cells, whereas synemin also affect their mobility. The mechanisms responsible for these effects involve the interaction of IF proteins with specific signaling pathways. Synemin, for instance, positively regulates glioma cell proliferation by antagonizing protein phosphatase 2A. Further evidence for the potential of IF proteins as therapeutic targets derives from animal models showing the influence of IF proteins on tumor growth. Nestin downregulation, for instance, dramatically reduced intracerebral glioma growth. Selective targeted therapies of IFs to date primarily include gene therapy approaches using nestin or GFAP gene promoters to drive transgene expression into glioma cells. Although attempts to identify small molecules specifically antagonizing IF proteins have been unsuccessful to date, it is anticipated that the identification of such compounds will be instrumental in expanding therapeutic approaches for brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quincy Quick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN
| | - Madhumita Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Katsetos CD, Reginato MJ, Baas PW, D'Agostino L, Legido A, Tuszyn Ski JA, Dráberová E, Dráber P. Emerging microtubule targets in glioma therapy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:49-72. [PMID: 25976261 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in the genomics and epigenomics of diffuse gliomas and glioblastoma to date have not been translated into effective therapy, necessitating pursuit of alternative treatment approaches for these therapeutically challenging tumors. Current knowledge of microtubules in cancer and the development of new microtubule-based treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas are the topic in this review article. Discussed are cellular, molecular, and pharmacologic aspects of the microtubule cytoskeleton underlying mitosis and interactions with other cellular partners involved in cell cycle progression, directional cell migration, and tumor invasion. Special focus is placed on (1) the aberrant overexpression of βIII-tubulin, a survival factor associated with hypoxic tumor microenvironment and dynamic instability of microtubules; (2) the ectopic overexpression of γ-tubulin, which in addition to its conventional role as a microtubule-nucleating protein has recently emerged as a transcription factor interacting with oncogenes and kinases; (3) the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin and its emerging role in cell motility of glioblastoma cells; and (4) the modulating role of posttranslational modifications of tubulin in the context of interaction of microtubules with motor proteins. Specific antineoplastic strategies discussed include downregulation of targeted molecules aimed at achieving a sensitization effect on currently used mainstay therapies. The potential role of new classes of tubulin-binding agents and ATPase inhibitors is also examined. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the distinct behaviors of microtubules in glioma tumorigenesis and drug resistance is key to the discovery of novel molecular targets that will fundamentally change the prognostic outlook of patients with diffuse high-grade gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luca D'Agostino
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Agustin Legido
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack A Tuszyn Ski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Huber F, Boire A, López MP, Koenderink GH. Cytoskeletal crosstalk: when three different personalities team up. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 32:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
68
|
Rivalin R, Lepinoux-Chambaud C, Eyer J, Savagner F. The NFL-TBS.40-63 anti-glioblastoma peptide disrupts microtubule and mitochondrial networks in the T98G glioma cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98473. [PMID: 24896268 PMCID: PMC4045719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive therapies, including combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma remains a highly aggressive brain cancer with the worst prognosis of any central nervous system disease. We have previously identified a neurofilament-derived cell-penetrating peptide, NFL-TBS.40-63, that specifically enters by endocytosis in glioblastoma cells, where it induces microtubule destruction and inhibits cell proliferation. Here, we explore the impact of NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide on the mitochondrial network and its functions by using global cell respiration, quantitative PCR analysis of the main actors directing mitochondrial biogenesis, western blot analysis of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits and confocal microscopy. We show that the internalized peptide disturbs mitochondrial and microtubule networks, interferes with mitochondrial dynamics and induces a rapid depletion of global cell respiration. This effect may be related to reduced expression of the NRF-1 transcription factor and of specific miRNAs, which may impact mitochondrial biogenesis, in regard to default mitochondrial mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rivalin
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Claire Lepinoux-Chambaud
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
|
70
|
Murray ME, Mendez MG, Janmey PA. Substrate stiffness regulates solubility of cellular vimentin. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:87-94. [PMID: 24173714 PMCID: PMC3873896 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein vimentin is involved in the regulation of cell behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties. Previous studies using cells cultured on glass or plastic substrates showed that vimentin is largely insoluble. Although substrate stiffness was shown to alter many aspects of cell behavior, changes in vimentin organization were not reported. Our results show for the first time that mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts cultured on different-stiffness substrates exhibit biphasic changes in vimentin detergent solubility, which increases from nearly 0 to 67% in hMSCs coincident with increases in cell spreading and membrane ruffling. When imaged, the detergent-soluble vimentin appears to consist of small fragments the length of one or several unit-length filaments. Vimentin detergent solubility decreases when these cells are subjected to serum starvation, allowed to form cell-cell contacts, after microtubule disruption, or inhibition of Rac1, Rho-activated kinase, or p21-activated kinase. Inhibiting myosin or actin assembly increases vimentin solubility on rigid substrates. These data suggest that in the mechanical environment in vivo, vimentin is more dynamic than previously reported and its assembly state is sensitive to stimuli that alter cellular tension and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Murray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Melissa G. Mendez
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Fressinaud C, Eyer J. Neurofilament-tubulin binding site peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 increases the differentiation of oligodendrocytes in vitro and partially prevents them from lysophosphatidyl choline toxiciy. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:243-53. [PMID: 24327347 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During multiple sclerosis (MS), the main axon cystoskeleton proteins, neurofilaments (NF), are altered, and their release into the cerebrospinal fluid correlates with disease severity. The role of NF in the extraaxonal location is unknown. Therefore, we tested whether synthetic peptides corresponding to the tubulin-binding site (TBS) sequence identified on light NF chain (NFL-TBS.40-63) and keratin (KER-TBS.1-24), which could be released during MS, modulate remyelination in vitro. Biotinylated NFL-TBS.40-63, NFL-Scramble2, and KER-TBS.1-54 (1-100 μM, 24 hr) were added to rat oligodendrocyte (OL) and astrocyte (AS) cultures, grown in chemically defined medium. Proliferation and differentiation were characterized by using specific antibodies (A2B5, CNP, MBP, GFAP) and compared with untreated cultures. Lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC; 2 × 10(-5) M) was used to induce OL death and to test the effects of TBS peptides under these conditions. NFL-TBS.40-63 significantly increased OL differentiation and maturation, with more CNP(+) and MBP(+) cells characterized by numerous ramified processes, along with myelin balls. When OL were challenged with LPC, concomitant treatment with NFL-TBS.40-63 rescued more than 50% of OL compared with cultures treated with LPC only. Proliferation of OL progenitors was not affected, nor were AS proliferation and differentiation. NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide induces specific effects in vitro, increasing OL differentiation and maturation without altering AS fate. In addition, it partially protects OL from demyelinating injury. Thus release of NFL-TBS.40-63 caused by axonal damage in vivo could improve repair through increased OL differentiation, which is a prerequisite for remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fressinaud
- LUNAM, Neurology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France; LUNAM, Neurobiology and Transgenesis Laboratory, UPRES EA 3143, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
Axon regeneration after damage is widespread in the animal kingdom, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently emerged as a tractable model in which to study the genetics and cell biology of axon regrowth in vivo. A key early step in axon regrowth is the conversion of part of a mature axon shaft into a growth cone-like structure, involving coordinated alterations in the microtubule, actin, and neurofilament systems. Recent attention has focused on microtubule dynamics as a determinant of axon-regrowth ability in several organisms. Live imaging studies have begun to reveal how the microtubule cytoskeleton is remodeled after axon injury, as well as the regulatory pathways involved. The dual leucine zipper kinase family of mixed-lineage kinases has emerged as a critical sensor of axon damage and plays a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics in the damaged axon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chisholm
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Holmgren A, Bouhy D, De Winter V, Asselbergh B, Timmermans JP, Irobi J, Timmerman V. Charcot-Marie-Tooth causing HSPB1 mutations increase Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of neurofilaments. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:93-108. [PMID: 23728742 PMCID: PMC3963106 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the small heat shock protein HSPB1 (HSP27) are a cause of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. To better understand the effect of mutations in HSPB1 on the neuronal cytoskeleton, we stably transduced neuronal cells with wild-type and mutant HSPB1 and investigated axonal transport of neurofilaments (NFs). We observed that mutant HSPB1 affected the binding of NFs to the anterograde motor protein kinesin, reducing anterograde transport of NFs. These deficits were associated with an increased phosphorylation of NFs and cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk5. As Cdk5 mediates NF phosphorylation, inhibition of Cdk5/p35 restored NF phosphorylation level, as well as NF binding to kinesin in mutant HSPB1 neuronal cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that HSPB1 mutations induce hyperphosphorylation of NFs through Cdk5 and reduce anterograde transport of NFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holmgren
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Delphine Bouhy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Lépinoux-Chambaud C, Eyer J. The NFL-TBS.40-63 anti-glioblastoma peptide enters selectively in glioma cells by endocytosis. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:738-47. [PMID: 23603097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma are the most frequent and aggressive tumour of the nervous system despite surgical resection associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, we showed that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide corresponding to the sequence of a tubulin-binding site of neurofilaments, enters selectively in glioblastoma cells where it blocks microtubule polymerization, inhibits their proliferation, and reduces tumour development in rats bearing glioblastoma (Bocquet et al., 2009; Berges et al., 2012a). Here, we characterized the molecular mechanism responsible for the uptake of NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide by glioblastoma cells. Unlike other cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), which use a balance between endocytosis and direct translocation, the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide is unable to translocate directly through the membrane when incubated with giant plasma membrane vesicles. Then, using a panel of markers and inhibitors, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy investigations showed that the uptake occurs mainly through endocytosis. Moreover, glycosaminoglycans and αVβ3 integrins are not involved in the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide recognition and internalization by glioblastoma cells. Finally, the signalling of tyrosine kinase receptors is involved in the peptide uptake, especially via EGFR overexpressed in tumour cells, indicating that the uptake of NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide by glioblastoma cells is related to their abnormally high proliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lépinoux-Chambaud
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LUNAM, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, 49033 Angers, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Balzeau J, Pinier M, Berges R, Saulnier P, Benoit JP, Eyer J. The effect of functionalizing lipid nanocapsules with NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide on their uptake by glioblastoma cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
76
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY 10962, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Fressinaud C, Eyer J. Axoskeletal proteins prevent oligodendrocyte from toxic injury by upregulating survival, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:306-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
78
|
Magdesian MH, Sanchez FS, Lopez M, Thostrup P, Durisic N, Belkaid W, Liazoghli D, Grütter P, Colman DR. Atomic force microscopy reveals important differences in axonal resistance to injury. Biophys J 2013; 103:405-414. [PMID: 22947856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration after traumatic brain injury and nerve compression is considered a common underlying cause of temporary as well as permanent disability. Because a proper functioning of neural network requires phase coherence of all components, even subtle changes in circuitry may lead to network failure. However, it is still not possible to determine which axons will recover or degenerate after injury. Several groups have studied the pressure threshold for axonal injury within a nerve, but difficulty accessing the injured region; insufficient imaging methods and the extremely small dimensions involved have prevented the evaluation of the response of individual axons to injury. We combined microfluidics with atomic force microscopy and in vivo imaging to estimate the threshold force required to 1), uncouple axonal transport without impairing axonal survival, and 2), compromise axonal survival in both individual and bundled axons. We found that rat hippocampal axons completely recover axonal transport with no detectable axonal loss when compressed with pressures up to 65 ± 30 Pa for 10 min, while dorsal root ganglia axons can resist to pressures up to 540 ± 220 Pa. We investigated the reasons for the differential susceptibility of hippocampal and DRG axons to mechanical injury and estimated the elasticity of live axons. We found that dorsal root ganglia axons have a 20% lower elastic modulus than hippocampal axons. Our results emphasize the importance of the integrity of the axonal cytoskeleton in deciding the axonal fate after damage and open up new avenues to improve injury diagnosis and to identify ways to protect axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Magdesian
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernando S Sanchez
- Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monserratt Lopez
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Thostrup
- Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nela Durisic
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wiam Belkaid
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dalinda Liazoghli
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Grütter
- Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R Colman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Holmgren A, Bouhy D, Timmerman V. Neurofilament phosphorylation and their proline-directed kinases in health and disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2012; 17:365-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
81
|
Berges R, Balzeau J, Takahashi M, Prevost C, Eyer J. Structure-function analysis of the glioma targeting NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide corresponding to the tubulin-binding site on the light neurofilament subunit. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49436. [PMID: 23152907 PMCID: PMC3494675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a 24 amino acid peptide (NFL-TBS.40-63) corresponding to the tubulin-binding site located on the light neurofilament subunit, selectively enters in glioblastoma cells where it disrupts their microtubule network and inhibits their proliferation. Here, we analyzed the structure-function relationships using an alanine-scanning strategy, in order to identify residues essential for these biological activities. We showed that the majority of modified peptides present a decreased or total loss to penetrate in these cells, or to alter microtubules. Correspondingly, circular dichroism measurements showed that this peptide forms either β-sheet or α-helix structures according to the solvent and that alanine substitution modified or destabilized the structure, in relation with changes in the biological activities. Moreover, substitution of serine residues by phosphoserine or aspartic acid concomitantly decreased the cell penetrating activity and the structure stability. These results indicate the importance of structure for the activities, including selectivity to glioblastoma cells of this peptide, and its regulation by phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie & Transgenèse, UPRES EA 3143, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Grin B, Mahammad S, Wedig T, Cleland MM, Tsai L, Herrmann H, Goldman RD. Withaferin a alters intermediate filament organization, cell shape and behavior. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39065. [PMID: 22720028 PMCID: PMC3376126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is a steroidal lactone present in Withania somnifera which has been shown in vitro to bind to the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. Based upon its affinity for vimentin, it has been proposed that WFA can be used as an anti-tumor agent to target metastatic cells which up-regulate vimentin expression. We show that WFA treatment of human fibroblasts rapidly reorganizes vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF) into a perinuclear aggregate. This reorganization is dose dependent and is accompanied by a change in cell shape, decreased motility and an increase in vimentin phosphorylation at serine-38. Furthermore, vimentin lacking cysteine-328, the proposed WFA binding site, remains sensitive to WFA demonstrating that this site is not required for its cellular effects. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, viscometry, electron microscopy and sedimentation assays we show that WFA has no effect on VIF assembly in vitro. Furthermore, WFA is not specific for vimentin as it disrupts the cellular organization and induces perinuclear aggregates of several other IF networks comprised of peripherin, neurofilament-triplet protein, and keratin. In cells co-expressing keratin IF and VIF, the former are significantly less sensitive to WFA with respect to inducing perinuclear aggregates. The organization of microtubules and actin/microfilaments is also affected by WFA. Microtubules become wavier and sparser and the number of stress fibers appears to increase. Following 24 hrs of exposure to doses of WFA that alter VIF organization and motility, cells undergo apoptosis. Lower doses of the drug do not kill cells but cause them to senesce. In light of our findings that WFA affects multiple IF systems, which are expressed in many tissues of the body, caution is warranted in its use as an anti-cancer agent, since it may have debilitating organism-wide effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Grin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Laine AL, Huynh NT, Clavreul A, Balzeau J, Béjaud J, Vessieres A, Benoit JP, Eyer J, Passirani C. Brain tumour targeting strategies via coated ferrociphenol lipid nanocapsules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:690-3. [PMID: 22561953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new active targeting strategy to favour ferrociphenol (FcdiOH) internalisation into brain tumour cells was developed by the use of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) coated with a cell-internalising peptide (NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide) that interacts with tubulin-binding sites. In comparison, OX26 murine monoclonal antibodies (OX26-MAb) targeting transferrin receptors were also inserted onto the LNC surface. The incorporation of OX26 or peptide did not influence the in vitro antiproliferative effect of FcdiOH-LNCs on the 9L cells since their IC50 values were found in the same range. In vivo, intracerebral administration of OX26-FcdiOH-LNCs or peptide-FcdiOH-LNCs by convection enhanced delivery did not enhance the animal median survival time in comparison with untreated rats (25 days). Interestingly, intra-carotid treatment with peptide-FcdiOH-LNCs led to an ameliorated survival time of treated rats with the presence of animals surviving until days 35, 40 and 44. Such results were not obtained with OX26-MAbs, demonstrating the benefit of NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide as an active ligand for peripheral drug delivery to the brain tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Laine
- Ingénierie de lVectorisation Particulaire in Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Berges R, Balzeau J, Peterson AC, Eyer J. A tubulin binding peptide targets glioma cells disrupting their microtubules, blocking migration, and inducing apoptosis. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1367-77. [PMID: 22491214 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment regimes, glioma remains a largely fatal disease. Current treatment limitations are attributed to the precarious locations within the brain where such tumors grow, their highly infiltrative nature precluding complete resection and lack of specificity among agents capable of attenuating their growth. Here, we show that in vitro, glioma cells of diverse origins internalize a peptide encompassing a tubulin-binding site (TBS) on the neurofilament light protein. The internalized peptide disrupts the microtubule network, inhibits migration and proliferation, and leads to apoptosis. Using an intracerebral transplant model, we show that most, if not all, of these responses to peptide exposure also occur in vivo. Notably, a single intratumor injection significantly attenuates tumor growth, while neither peptide uptake nor downstream consequences are observed elsewhere in the host nervous system. Such preferential uptake suggests that the peptide may have potential as a primary or supplementary glioblastoma treatment modality by exploiting its autonomous microtubule-disrupting activity or engaging its capacity to selectively target glioma cells with other cell-disrupting cargos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Berges
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Fressinaud C, Berges R, Eyer J. Axon cytoskeleton proteins specifically modulate oligodendrocyte growth and differentiation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
86
|
Conover GM, Gregorio CC. The desmin coil 1B mutation K190A impairs nebulin Z-disc assembly and destabilizes actin thin filaments. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3464-76. [PMID: 21984811 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin intermediate filaments intimately surround myofibrils in vertebrate muscle forming a mesh-like filament network. Desmin attaches to sarcomeres through its high-affinity association with nebulin, a giant F-actin binding protein that co-extends along the length of actin thin filaments. Here, we further investigated the functional significance of the association of desmin and nebulin in cultured primary myocytes to address the hypothesis that this association is key in integrating myofibrils to the intermediate filament network. Surprisingly, we identified eight peptides along the length of desmin that are capable of binding to C-terminal modules 160-170 in nebulin. In this study, we identified a targeted mutation (K190A) in the desmin coil 1B region that results in its reduced binding with the nebulin C-terminal modules. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that expression of the mutant desmin K190A in primary myocytes results in a significant reduction in assembled endogenous nebulin and desmin at the Z-disc. Non-uniform actin filaments were markedly prevalent in myocytes expressing GFP-tagged desmin K190A, suggesting that the near-crystalline organization of actin filaments in striated muscle depends on a stable interaction between desmin and nebulin. All together, these data are consistent with a model in which Z-disc-associated nebulin interacts with desmin through multiple sites to provide efficient stability to satisfy the dynamic contractile activity of myocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Conover
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
The spinal muscular atrophy mouse model, SMAΔ7, displays altered axonal transport without global neurofilament alterations. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:331-41. [PMID: 21681521 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from decreased levels of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) protein. Reduced SMN1 levels are linked to pathology at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which includes decreased vesicle density and organization, decreased quantal release, increased endplate potential duration, and neurofilament (NF) accumulations. This work presents a first study towards defining molecular alterations that may lead to the development of NMJ pathology in SMA. Fast, anterograde transport of synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2-c) and synaptotagmin (Syt1) proteins was reduced 2 days prior to the observed decrease in synaptic vesicle density. Moreover, reduced accumulation of SV2-c or Syt1 was not due to reduced protein expression or reduced kinesin activity. Dynein levels were reduced at times that are consistent with NF accumulations at NMJs. Furthermore, NF distribution, from cell body to sciatic nerve, appeared normal in SMA∆7 mice. Taken together, these results suggest that reduced axonal transport may provide a mechanistic explanation for reduced synaptic vesicle density and concomitant synaptic transmission defects, while providing evidence that suggests NF accumulations result from local NMJ alterations to NFs.
Collapse
|
88
|
Balzeau J, Peterson A, Eyer J. The vimentin-tubulin binding site peptide (Vim-TBS.58-81) crosses the plasma membrane and enters the nuclei of human glioma cells. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:77-83. [PMID: 21575694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can translocate through the plasma membrane and localize in different cell compartments providing a promising delivery system for peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and other products. Here we describe features of a novel cell-penetrating peptide derived from the intermediate filament protein vimentin, called Vim-TBS.58-81. We show that it enters cells from a glioblastoma line via endocytosis where it distributes throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, when coupled to the pro-apoptogenic peptide P10, it localizes to the nucleus inhibiting cell proliferation. Thus, the Vim-TBS.58-81 peptide represents an effective vector for delivery of peptides and potentially a broad range of cargos to the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Balzeau
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, UPRES-EA3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49033 Angers, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Balaratnasingam C, Morgan WH, Bass L, Kang M, Cringle SJ, Yu DY. Axotomy-induced cytoskeleton changes in unmyelinated mammalian central nervous system axons. Neuroscience 2011; 177:269-82. [PMID: 21215300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte-derived myelin retards the ability of CNS axons to regenerate following transection. The intrinsic response of CNS axons to an axotomy insult may be vastly different in the absence of myelin. However, the paucity of adequate experimental models has limited detailed investigation of cellular behaviour following axon transection in an unmyelinated CNS environment. In this study we perform laser-induced axotomy of the porcine retinal ganglion cell axon, a physiologically unmyelinated, mature CNS axon that is structurally similar to humans to infer knowledge about axonal behaviour in the absence of myelin. Axotomy-induced changes to the neuronal cytoskeleton and supporting astrocytes during the early stages after transection are delineated by examining the sequence of neurofilament subunit, microtubule (TUB), microtubule associated protein (MAP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) modification. Axonal transection induced an increase in the expression of neurofilament light at regions within, and immediately adjacent to, sites of axotomy. Other neurofilament subunits were not altered at sites of transection. Unlike myelinated axons where an increase in GFAP staining within hypertrophic glial scars have been shown to inhibit axonal repair we demonstrate a decrease in GFAP staining within regions of increased or preserved neurofilament expression. The behaviour of TUB and MAP proteins following transection of unmyelinated CNS axons are similar to what has previously been described in myelinated CNS axons. This study provides fundamental insights into astrocyte and axonal behaviour acutely after axotomy and demonstrates a series of degenerative events in unmyelinated CNS axons, which in comparison to prior reports are different to myelinated CNS axons. The findings of this report have relevance to understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuro-degeneration in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Balaratnasingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Khazaei MR, Bunk EC, Hillje AL, Jahn HM, Riegler EM, Knoblich JA, Young P, Schwamborn JC. The E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM2 regulates neuronal polarization. J Neurochem 2010; 117:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
91
|
Zhang L, Gavin T, DeCaprio AP, LoPachin RM. Gamma-diketone axonopathy: analyses of cytoskeletal motors and highways in CNS myelinated axons. Toxicol Sci 2010; 117:180-9. [PMID: 20554699 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2,5-Hexanedione (HD) intoxication is associated with axon atrophy that might be responsible for the characteristic gait abnormalities, hindlimb skeletal muscle weakness and other neurological deficits that accompany neurotoxicity. Although previous mechanistic research focused on neurofilament triplet proteins (NFL, NFM, NFH), other cytoskeletal targets are possible. Therefore, to identify potential non-NF protein targets, we characterized the effects of HD on protein-protein interactions in cosedimentation assays using microtubules and NFs prepared from spinal cord of rats intoxicated at different daily dose rates (175 and 400 mg/kg/day). Results indicate that HD did not alter the presence of alpha- or beta-tubulins in these preparations, nor were changes noted in the distribution of either anterograde (KIF1A, KIF3, KIF5) or retrograde (dynein) molecular motors. The cosedimentation of dynactin, a dynein-associated protein, also was not affected. Immunoblot analysis of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in microtubule preparations revealed substantial reductions (45-80%) in MAP1A, MAP1B heavy chain, MAP2, and tau regardless of HD dose rate. MAP1B light chain content was not altered. Finally, HD intoxication did not influence native NF protein content in either preparation. As per previous research, microtubule and NF preparations were enriched in high-molecular weight NF species. However, these NF derivatives were common to both HD and control samples, suggesting a lack of pathognomonic relevance. These data indicate that, although motor proteins were not affected, HD selectively impaired MAP-microtubule binding, presumably through adduction of lysine residues that mediate such interactions. Given their critical role in cytoskeletal physiology, MAPs could represent a relevant target for the induction of gamma-diketone axonopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467-2490, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Dequen F, Filali M, Larivière RC, Perrot R, Hisanaga SI, Julien JP. Reversal of neuropathy phenotypes in conditional mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2E. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2616-29. [PMID: 20421365 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for the neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) are responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy type 2E. To address whether CMT2E disease is potentially reversible, we generated a mouse model with conditional doxycycline-responsive gene system that allows repression of mutant hNF-LP22S transgene expression in adult neurons. The hNF-LP22S;tTa transgenic (tg) mice recapitulated key features of CMT2E disease, including aberrant hindlimb posture, motor deficits, hypertrophy of muscle fibres and loss of muscle innervation without neuronal loss. Remarkably, a 3-month treatment of hNF-LP22S;tTa mice with doxycycline after onset of disease efficiently down-regulated expression of hNF-LP22S and it caused reversal of CMT neurological phenotypes with restoration of muscle innervation and of neurofilament protein distribution along the sciatic nerve. These data suggest that therapeutic approaches aimed at abolishing expression or neutralizing hNF-L mutants might not only halt the progress of CMT2E disease, but also revert the disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dequen
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Abstract
In addition to protecting epithelial cells from mechanical stress, keratins regulate cytoarchitecture, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and organelle transport. In this issue, Vijayaraj et al. (2009. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.200906094) expand our understanding of how keratin proteins participate in the regulation of protein synthesis through their analysis of mice lacking the entire type II keratin gene cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Kellner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 20723, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|