51
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Jayyosi C, Affagard JS, Ducourthial G, Bonod-Bidaud C, Lynch B, Bancelin S, Ruggiero F, Schanne-Klein MC, Allain JM, Bruyère-Garnier K, Coret M. Affine kinematics in planar fibrous connective tissues: an experimental investigation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1459-1473. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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52
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Azinfar L, Ravanfar M, Wang Y, Zhang K, Duan D, Yao G. High resolution imaging of the fibrous microstructure in bovine common carotid artery using optical polarization tractography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:231-241. [PMID: 26663698 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of artery are primarily determined by the fibrous structures in the vessel wall. Many vascular diseases are associated with alternations in the orientation and alignment of the fibrous structure in the arterial wall. Knowledge on the structural features of the artery wall is crucial to our understanding of the biology of vascular diseases and the development of novel therapies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarization-sensitive OCT have shown great promise in imaging blood vessels due to their high resolution, fast acquisition, good imaging depth, and large field of view. However, the feasibility of using OCT based methods for imaging fiber orientation and distribution in the arterial wall has not been investigated. Here we show that the optical polarization tractography (OPT), a technology developed from Jones matrix OCT, can reveal the fiber orientation and alignment in the bovine common carotid artery. The fiber orientation and alignment data obtained in OPT provided a robust contrast marker to clearly resolve the intima and media boundary of the carotid artery wall. Optical polarization tractography can visualize fiber orientation and alignment in carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azinfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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53
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Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Probing Collagen Organization: Practical Guide for Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:409-425. [PMID: 28836217 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful microscopy technique for imaging collagen and other biological molecules using a label-free approach. SHG microscopy offers the advantages of a nonlinear imaging modality together with those ones of a coherent technique. These features make SHG microscopy the ideal tool for imaging collagen at high resolution and for characterizing its organization at various hierarchical levels. Considering that collagen organization plays a crucial role in fibrosis and in its development, it would be beneficial for the researcher working in the field of fibrosis to have a manual listing crucial points to be considered when imaging collagen using SHG microscopy. This chapter provides an answer to this demand with state-of-the-art protocols, methods, and laboratory tips related to SHG microscopy. We also discuss advantages and limitations of the use of SHG for studying fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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54
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Dahan N, Sarig U, Bronshtein T, Baruch L, Karram T, Hoffman A, Machluf M. Dynamic Autologous Reendothelialization of Small-Caliber Arterial Extracellular Matrix: A Preclinical Large Animal Study. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:69-79. [PMID: 27784199 PMCID: PMC5240014 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cellularization is a key approach to prevent small-caliber (<4 mm) tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) failure and maintain patency and contractility following implantation. To achieve this goal, however, improved biomimicking designs and/or relatively long production times (typically several months) are required. We previously reported on porcine carotid artery decellularization yielding biomechanically stable and cell supportive small-caliber (3–4 mm diameter, 5 cm long) arterial extracellular matrix (scaECM) vascular grafts. In this study, we aimed to study the scaECM graft patency in vivo and possibly improve that patency by graft pre-endothelialization with the recipient porcine autologous cells using our previously reported custom-designed dynamic perfusion bioreactor system. Decellularized scaECM vascular grafts were histologically characterized, their immunoreactivity studied in vitro, and their biocompatibility profile evaluated as a xenograft subcutaneous implantation in a mouse model. To study the scaECM cell support and remodeling ability, pig autologous endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded and dynamically cultivated within the scaECM lumen and externa/media, respectively. Finally, endothelialized-only scaECMs—hypothesized as a prerequisite for maintaining graft patency and controlling intimal hyperplasia—were transplanted as an interposition carotid artery graft in a porcine model. Graft patency was evaluated through angiography online and endpoint pathological assessment for up to 6 weeks. Our results demonstrate the scaECM-TEVG biocompatibility preserving a structurally and mechanically stable vascular wall not just following decellularization and recellularization but also after implantation. Using our dynamic perfusion bioreactor, we successfully demonstrated the ability of this TEVG to support in vitro recellularization and remodeling by primary autologous endothelial and SMCs, which were seeded on the lumen and the externa/media layers, respectively. Following transplantation, dynamically endothelialized scaECM-TEVGs remained patent for 6 weeks in a pig carotid interposition bypass model. When compared with nonrevitalized control grafts, reendothelialized grafts provided excellent antithrombogenic activity, inhibited intimal hyperplasia formation, and encouraged media wall infiltration and reorganization with recruited host SMCs. We thus demonstrate that readily available decellularized scaECM can be promptly revitalized with autologous cells in a 3-week period before implantation, indicating applicability as a future platform for vascular reconstructive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Dahan
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Udi Sarig
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel .,2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomer Bronshtein
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Limor Baruch
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Karram
- 3 Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Aaron Hoffman
- 3 Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel .,2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) , Singapore, Singapore
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55
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Lee SL, Chen YF, Dong CY. Probing Multiscale Collagenous Tissue by Nonlinear Microscopy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2825-2831. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lin Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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56
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Gubarkova EV, Kirillin MY, Dudenkova VV, Timashev PS, Kotova SL, Kiseleva EB, Timofeeva LB, Belkova GV, Solovieva AB, Moiseev AA, Gelikonov GV, Fiks II, Feldchtein FI, Gladkova ND. Quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography, nonlinear, and atomic force microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:126010. [PMID: 27997633 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.126010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A combination of approaches to the image analysis in cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) and high-resolution imaging by nonlinear microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the different stages of atherosclerotic plaque development is studied. This combination allowed us to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the disorganization of collagen in the atherosclerotic arterial tissue (reduction and increase of CP backscatter), at the fiber (change of the geometric distribution of fibers in the second-harmonic generation microscopy images) and fibrillar (violation of packing and different nature of a basket-weave network of fibrils in the AFM images) organization levels. The calculated CP channel-related parameters are shown to have a statistically significant difference between stable and unstable (also called vulnerable) plaques, and hence, CP OCT could be a potentially powerful, minimally invasive method for vulnerable plaques detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Gubarkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Kirillin
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiacN.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research Center of Crystallography and Photonics RAS, 2 Pionerskaya Street, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, RussiaeI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana L Kotova
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena B Kiseleva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Lidia B Timofeeva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Galina V Belkova
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna B Solovieva
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Moiseev
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Gregory V Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Ilya I Fiks
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Felix I Feldchtein
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Natalia D Gladkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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57
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Gubarkova EV, Dudenkova VV, Feldchtein FI, Timofeeva LB, Kiseleva EB, Kuznetsov SS, Shakhov BE, Moiseev AA, Gelikonov VM, Gelikonov GV, Vitkin A, Gladkova ND. Multi-modal optical imaging characterization of atherosclerotic plaques. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1009-1020. [PMID: 26604168 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We combined cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) and non-linear microscopy based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon-excited fluorescence (2PEF) to assess collagen and elastin fibers and other vascular structures in the development of atherosclerosis, including identification of vulnerable plaques, which remains an important clinical problem and imaging application. CP OCT's ability to visualize tissue birefringence and cross-scattering adds new information about the microstructure and composition of the plaque. However its interpretation can be ambiguous, because backscattering contrast may have a similar appearance to the birefringence related fringes. Our results represent a step towards minimally invasive characterization and monitoring of different stages of atherosclerosis, including vulnerable plaques. CP OCT image of intimal thickening in the human coronary artery. The dark stripe in the cross-polarization channel (arrow) is a polarization fringe related to the phase retardation between two eigen polarization states. It is histologically located in the area of the lipid pool, however this stripe is a polarization artifact, rather than direct visualization of the lipid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Gubarkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, 23 Gagarin St., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Felix I Feldchtein
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lidia B Timofeeva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena B Kiseleva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergei S Kuznetsov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Boris E Shakhov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A Moiseev
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Ulyanov St., 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Valentin M Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Ulyanov St., 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Gregory V Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Ulyanov St., 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alex Vitkin
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Natalia D Gladkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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58
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Luo T, Chen H, Kassab GS. 3D reconstruction of elastin fibres in coronary adventitia. J Microsc 2016; 265:121-131. [PMID: 27596327 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A 3D reconstruction of individual fibres in vascular tissue is necessary to understand the microstructure properties of the vessel wall. The objective of this study is to determine the 3D microstructure of elastin fibres in the adventitia of coronary arteries. Quantification of fibre geometry is challenging due to the complex interwoven structure of the fibres. In particular, accurate linking of gaps remains a significant challenge, and complex features such as long gaps and interwoven fibres have not been adequately addressed by current fibre reconstruction algorithms. We use a novel line Laplacian deformation method, which better deals with fibre shape uncertainty to reconstruct elastin fibres in the coronary adventitia of five swine. A cost function, based on entropy and Euler Spiral, was used in the shortest path search. We find that mean diameter of elastin fibres is 1.67 ± 1.42 μm and fibre orientation is clustered around two major angles of 8.9˚ and 81.8˚. Comparing with CT-FIRE, we find that our method gives more accurate estimation of fibre width. To our knowledge, the measurements obtained using our algorithm represent the first investigation focused on the reconstruction of full elastin fibre length. Our data provide a foundation for a 3D microstructural model of the coronary adventitia to elucidate the structure-function relationship of elastin fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - H Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - G S Kassab
- Department of Bioengineering, California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, U.S.A
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59
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Chen H, Kassab GS. Microstructure-based biomechanics of coronary arteries in health and disease. J Biomech 2016; 49:2548-59. [PMID: 27086118 PMCID: PMC5028318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality and disability in developed nations. A deeper understanding of mechanical properties of coronary arteries and hence their mechanical response to stress is significant for clinical prevention and treatment. Microstructure-based models of blood vessels can provide predictions of arterial mechanical response at the macro- and micro-mechanical level for each constituent structure. Such models must be based on quantitative data of structural parameters (constituent content, orientation angle and dimension) and mechanical properties of individual adventitia and media layers of normal arteries as well as change of structural and mechanical properties of atherosclerotic arteries. The microstructural constitutive models of healthy coronary arteries consist of three major mechanical components: collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells, while the models of atherosclerotic arteries should account for additional constituents including intima, fibrous plaque, lipid, calcification, etc. This review surveys the literature on morphology, mechanical properties, and microstructural constitutive models of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries. It also provides an overview of current gaps in knowledge that must be filed in order to advance this important area of research for understanding initiation, progression and clinical treatment of vascular disease. Patient-specific structural models are highlighted to provide diagnosis, virtual planning of therapy and prognosis when realistic patient-specific geometries and material properties of diseased vessels can be acquired by advanced imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
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60
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Chernavskaia O, Heuke S, Vieth M, Friedrich O, Schürmann S, Atreya R, Stallmach A, Neurath MF, Waldner M, Petersen I, Schmitt M, Bocklitz T, Popp J. Beyond endoscopic assessment in inflammatory bowel disease: real-time histology of disease activity by non-linear multimodal imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29239. [PMID: 27406831 PMCID: PMC4942779 DOI: 10.1038/srep29239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing disease activity is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to endoscopic mucosal healing, histologic remission poses a promising end-point of IBD therapy. However, evaluating histological remission harbors the risk for complications due to the acquisition of biopsies and results in a delay of diagnosis because of tissue processing procedures. In this regard, non-linear multimodal imaging techniques might serve as an unparalleled technique that allows the real-time evaluation of microscopic IBD activity in the endoscopy unit. In this study, tissue sections were investigated using the non-linear multimodal microscopy combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited auto fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG). After the measurement a gold-standard assessment of histological indexes was carried out based on a conventional H&E stain. Subsequently, various geometry and intensity related features were extracted from the multimodal images. An optimized feature set was utilized to predict histological index levels based on a linear classifier. Based on the automated prediction, the diagnosis time interval is decreased. Therefore, non-linear multimodal imaging may provide a real-time diagnosis of IBD activity suited to assist clinical decision making within the endoscopy unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chernavskaia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandro Heuke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Raja Atreya
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.,Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.,Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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61
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Su L, Huang L, Xu Y, Zhang C, Song Z. Quantitative Analysis of Collagen Produced by Rabbit Keratocytes using Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:195-200. [PMID: 27399973 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1180398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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62
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Chen H, Guo X, Luo T, Kassab GS. A validated 3D microstructure-based constitutive model of coronary artery adventitia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:333-42. [PMID: 27174925 PMCID: PMC4967241 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00937.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A structure-based model that accurately predicts micro- or macromechanical behavior of blood vessels is necessary to understand vascular physiology. Based on recently measured microstructural data, we propose a three-dimensional microstructural model of coronary adventitia that incorporates the elastin and collagen distributions throughout the wall. The role of ground substance was found to be negligible under physiological axial stretch λz = 1.3, based on enzyme degradation of glycosaminoglycans in swine coronary adventitia (n = 5). The thick collagen bundles of outer adventitia (n = 4) were found to be undulated and unengaged at physiological loads, whereas the inner adventitia consisted of multiple sublayers of entangled fibers that bear the majority of load at higher pressures. The microstructural model was validated against biaxial (inflation and extension) experiments of coronary adventitia (n = 5). The model accurately predicted the nonlinear responses of the adventitia, even at high axial force (axial stretch ratio λz = 1.5). The model also enabled a reliable estimation of material parameters of individual fibers that were physically reasonable. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of using mean values of the distributions for fiber orientation and waviness as opposed to the full distributions. The simplified mean analysis affects the fiber stress-strain relation, resulting in incorrect estimation of mechanical parameters, which underscores the need for measurements of fiber distribution for a rigorous analysis of fiber mechanics. The validated structure-based model of coronary adventitia provides a deeper understanding of vascular mechanics in health and can be extended to disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Tong Luo
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Incorporated, San Diego, California
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63
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Watson SR, Lessner SM. (Second) Harmonic Disharmony: Nonlinear Microscopy Shines New Light on the Pathology of Atherosclerosis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:589-98. [PMID: 27329310 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging approaches for the investigation of atherosclerosis due to the deep penetration and three-dimensional sectioning capabilities of the nonlinear optical microscope. Atherosclerosis involves remodeling or alteration of the collagenous framework in affected vessels. The disease is often characterized by excessive collagen deposition and altered collagen organization. SHG has the capability to accurately characterize collagen structure, which is an essential component in understanding atherosclerotic lesion development and progression. As a structure-based imaging modality, SHG is most impactful in atherosclerosis evaluation in conjunction with other, chemically specific nonlinear optics (NLO) techniques to identify additional components of the lesion. These include the use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excitation fluorescence for studying atherosclerosis burden, and application of stimulated Raman scattering to image cholesterol crystals. However, very few NLO studies have attempted to quantitate differences in control versus atherosclerotic states or to correlate the application to clinical situations. This review highlights the potential of SHG imaging to directly and indirectly describe atherosclerosis as a pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
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Multi-scale Modeling of the Cardiovascular System: Disease Development, Progression, and Clinical Intervention. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2642-60. [PMID: 27138523 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the western world. With the current development of clinical diagnostics to more accurately measure the extent and specifics of CVDs, a laudable goal is a better understanding of the structure-function relation in the cardiovascular system. Much of this fundamental understanding comes from the development and study of models that integrate biology, medicine, imaging, and biomechanics. Information from these models provides guidance for developing diagnostics, and implementation of these diagnostics to the clinical setting, in turn, provides data for refining the models. In this review, we introduce multi-scale and multi-physical models for understanding disease development, progression, and designing clinical interventions. We begin with multi-scale models of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanics for diagnosis, clinical decision support, personalized and precision medicine in cardiology with examples in arrhythmia and heart failure. We then introduce computational models of vasculature mechanics and associated mechanical forces for understanding vascular disease progression, designing clinical interventions, and elucidating mechanisms that underlie diverse vascular conditions. We conclude with a discussion of barriers that must be overcome to provide enhanced insights, predictions, and decisions in pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Heuke S, Chernavskaia O, Bocklitz T, Legesse FB, Meyer T, Akimov D, Dirsch O, Ernst G, von Eggeling F, Petersen I, Guntinas-Lichius O, Schmitt M, Popp J. Multimodal nonlinear microscopy of head and neck carcinoma - toward surgery assisting frozen section analysis. Head Neck 2016; 38:1545-52. [PMID: 27098552 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of early cancer stages is deeply connected to a good prognosis, a moderate reduction of the quality of life, and comparably low treatment costs. METHODS Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were investigated using the multimodal combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. RESULTS An increased median TPEF to CARS contrast was found comparing cancerous and healthy squamous epithelium with a p value of 1.8·10(-10) . A following comprehensive image analysis was able to predict the diagnosis of imaged tissue sections with an overall accuracy of 90% for a 4-class model. CONCLUSION Nonlinear multimodal imaging is verified objectively as a valuable diagnostic tool that complements conventional staining protocols and can serve as filter in future clinical routine reducing the pathologist's workload. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First-1552, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Heuke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Olga Chernavskaia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Fisseha Bekele Legesse
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Denis Akimov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Günther Ernst
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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66
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Chen H, Zhao X, Berwick ZC, Krieger JF, Chambers S, Kassab GS. Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Glutaraldehyde-Treated Porcine Pulmonary Ligament. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:061003. [PMID: 27040732 DOI: 10.1115/1.4033300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant need for fixed biological tissues with desired structural and material constituents for tissue engineering applications. Here, we introduce the lung ligament as a fixed biological material that may have clinical utility for tissue engineering. To characterize the lung tissue for potential clinical applications, we studied glutaraldehyde-treated porcine pulmonary ligament (n = 11) with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and conducted biaxial planar experiments to characterize the mechanical property of the tissue. The MPM imaging revealed that there are generally two families of collagen fibers distributed in two distinct layers: The first family largely aligns along the longitudinal direction with a mean angle of θ = 10.7 ± 9.3 deg, while the second one exhibits a random distribution with a mean θ = 36.6 ± 27.4. Elastin fibers appear in some intermediate sublayers with a random orientation distribution with a mean θ = 39.6 ± 23 deg. Based on the microstructural observation, a microstructure-based constitutive law was proposed to model the elastic property of the tissue. The material parameters were identified by fitting the model to the biaxial stress-strain data of specimens, and good fitting quality was achieved. The parameter e0 (which denotes the strain beyond which the collagen can withstand tension) of glutaraldehyde-treated tissues demonstrated low variability implying a relatively consistent collagen undulation in different samples, while the stiffness parameters for elastin and collagen fibers showed relatively greater variability. The fixed tissues presented a smaller e0 than that of fresh specimen, confirming that glutaraldehyde crosslinking increases the mechanical strength of collagen-based biomaterials. The present study sheds light on the biomechanics of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine pulmonary ligament that may be a candidate for tissue engineering.
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Caulk AW, Nepiyushchikh ZV, Shaw R, Dixon JB, Gleason RL. Quantification of the passive and active biaxial mechanical behaviour and microstructural organization of rat thoracic ducts. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:20150280. [PMID: 26040600 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading conditions are likely to play a key role in passive and active (contractile) behaviour of lymphatic vessels. The development of a microstructurally motivated model of lymphatic tissue is necessary for quantification of mechanically mediated maladaptive remodelling in the lymphatic vasculature. Towards this end, we performed cylindrical biaxial testing of Sprague-Dawley rat thoracic ducts (n = 6) and constitutive modelling to characterize their mechanical behaviour. Spontaneous contraction was quantified at transmural pressures of 3, 6 and 9 cmH2O. Cyclic inflation in calcium-free saline was performed at fixed axial stretches between 1.30 and 1.60, while recording pressure, outer diameter and axial force. A microstructurally motivated four-fibre family constitutive model originally proposed by Holzapfel et al. (Holzapfel et al. 2000 J. Elast. 61, 1-48. (doi:10.1023/A:1010835316564)) was used to quantify the passive mechanical response, and the model of Rachev and Hayashi was used to quantify the active (contractile) mechanical response. The average error between data and theory was 8.9 ± 0.8% for passive data and 6.6 ± 2.6% and 6.8 ± 3.4% for the systolic and basal conditions, respectively, for active data. Multi-photon microscopy was performed to quantify vessel wall thickness (32.2 ± 1.60 µm) and elastin and collagen organization for three loading conditions. Elastin exhibited structural 'fibre families' oriented nearly circumferentially and axially. Sample-to-sample variation was observed in collagen fibre distributions, which were often non-axisymmetric, suggesting material asymmetry. In closure, this paper presents a microstructurally motivated model that accurately captures the biaxial active and passive mechanical behaviour in lymphatics and offers potential for future research to identify parameters contributing to mechanically mediated disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Caulk
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhanna V Nepiyushchikh
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Shaw
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolph L Gleason
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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68
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Jayyosi C, Coret M, Bruyère-Garnier K. Characterizing liver capsule microstructure via in situ bulge test coupled with multiphoton imaging. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 54:229-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sharma R, Williams DR, Palczewska G, Palczewski K, Hunter JJ. Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:632-46. [PMID: 26903224 PMCID: PMC4771181 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although extrinsic fluorophores can be introduced to label specific cell types in the retina, endogenous fluorophores, such as NAD(P)H, FAD, collagen, and others, are present in all retinal layers. These molecules are a potential source of optical contrast and can enable noninvasive visualization of all cellular layers. We used a two-photon fluorescence adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (TPF-AOSLO) to explore the native autofluorescence of various cell classes spanning several layers in the unlabeled retina of a living primate eye. METHODS Three macaques were imaged on separate occasions using a custom TPF-AOSLO. Two-photon fluorescence was evoked by pulsed light at 730 and 920 nm excitation wavelengths, while fluorescence emission was collected in the visible range from several retinal layers and different locations. Backscattered light was recorded simultaneously in confocal modality and images were postprocessed to remove eye motion. RESULTS All retinal layers yielded two-photon signals and the heterogeneous distribution of fluorophores provided optical contrast. Several structural features were observed, such as autofluorescence from vessel walls, Müller cell processes in the nerve fibers, mosaics of cells in the ganglion cell and other nuclear layers of the inner retina, as well as photoreceptor and RPE layers in the outer retina. CONCLUSIONS This in vivo survey of two-photon autofluorescence throughout the primate retina demonstrates a wider variety of structural detail in the living eye than is available through conventional imaging methods, and broadens the use of two-photon imaging of normal and diseased eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sharma
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David R. Williams
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
| | | | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Hunter
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
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Turcotte R, Mattson JM, Wu JW, Zhang Y, Lin CP. Molecular Order of Arterial Collagen Using Circular Polarization Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging. Biophys J 2016; 110:530-533. [PMID: 26806883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) originates from the interaction between upconverted fields from individual scatterers. This renders SHG microscopy highly sensitive to molecular distribution. Here, we aim to take advantage of the difference in SHG between aligned and partially aligned molecules to probe the degree of molecular order during biomechanical testing, independently of the absolute orientation of the scattering molecules. Toward this goal, we implemented a circular polarization SHG imaging approach and used it to quantify the intensity change associated with collagen fibers straightening in the arterial wall during mechanical stretching. We were able to observe the delayed alignment of collagen fibers during mechanical loading, thus demonstrating a simple method to characterize molecular distribution using intensity information alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Turcotte
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey M Mattson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juwell W Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Mechanical contribution of lamellar and interlamellar elastin along the mouse aorta. J Biomech 2015; 48:3599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fry JL, Shiraishi Y, Turcotte R, Yu X, Gao YZ, Akiki R, Bachschmid M, Zhang Y, Morgan KG, Cohen RA, Seta F. Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 Protects Against Aortic Dissection During Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002384. [PMID: 26376991 PMCID: PMC4599512 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Sirtuin-1 (SirT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+–dependent deacetylase, is a key enzyme in the cellular response to metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stresses; however, the role of endogenous SirT1 in the vasculature has not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to evaluate the role of vascular smooth muscle SirT1 in the physiological response of the aortic wall to angiotensin II, a potent hypertrophic, oxidant, and inflammatory stimulus. Methods and Results Mice lacking SirT1 in vascular smooth muscle (ie, smooth muscle SirT1 knockout) had drastically high mortality (70%) caused by aortic dissection after angiotensin II infusion (1 mg/kg per day) but not after an equipotent dose of norepinephrine, despite comparable blood pressure increases. Smooth muscle SirT1 knockout mice did not show any abnormal aortic morphology or blood pressure compared with wild-type littermates. Nonetheless, in response to angiotensin II, aortas from smooth muscle SirT1 knockout mice had severely disorganized elastic lamellae with frequent elastin breaks, increased oxidant production, and aortic stiffness compared with angiotensin II–treated wild-type mice. Matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity were increased in the aortas of angiotensin II–treated smooth muscle SirT1 knockout mice and were prevented in mice overexpressing SirT1 in vascular smooth muscle or with use of the oxidant scavenger tempol. Conclusions Endogenous SirT1 in aortic smooth muscle is required to maintain the structural integrity of the aortic wall in response to oxidant and inflammatory stimuli, at least in part, by suppressing oxidant-induced matrix metalloproteinase activity. SirT1 activators could potentially be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent aortic dissection and rupture in patients at risk, such as those with hypertension or genetic disorders, such as Marfan’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fry
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA (R.T., Y.Z.G., Y.Z.) Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.T.)
| | - Xunjie Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA (X.Y., Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA (R.T., Y.Z.G., Y.Z.) Health Science Department, Boston University, Boston, MA (Y.Z.G., K.G.M.)
| | - Rachid Akiki
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Markus Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA (R.T., Y.Z.G., Y.Z.) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA (X.Y., Y.Z.)
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Health Science Department, Boston University, Boston, MA (Y.Z.G., K.G.M.)
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA (J.L.F., Y.S., R.A., M.B., R.A.C., F.S.)
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Zhang H, He S, Liu S, Xie Y, Chen G, Zhang J, Sun S, Liang D, Wang L. Measurement of In Vivo Three-Dimensional Corneal Cell Density and Size Using Two-Photon Imaging in C57BL/6 Mice. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:448-55. [PMID: 26084010 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the cell size and cell density in five layers of the central cornea in the widely used inbred C57BL/6 mouse strain using in vivo three-dimensional (3D) two-photon (2PH) imaging. METHODS Corneas were scanned using a 2PH laser scanning fluorescence microscope after staining with plasma membrane stain and Hoechst 33342. Good quality 3D images were selected for the cell density and cell size analysis. Cell density was determined by counting the cell nuclei in a predefined cube of 3D images. Cell size measurements, including cell surface area, cell volume, nuclear surface area and nuclear volume, were automatically quantified using the Imaris software. The cell and nuclear surface-area-to-volume ratio (S:V ratio) and the cell nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N:C ratio) were calculated. RESULTS The highest cell density was observed in the basal epithelium and the lowest in the posterior stroma. The highest cell surface area was found in the anterior stroma, and the highest cell volume was observed in the superficial epithelium. The lowest cell surface area and cell volume were both found in the basal epithelium. The highest S:V ratio was observed in the basal epithelium and the lowest in the superficial epithelium. The highest cell nuclear surface area and volume were both observed in the superficial epithelium and the lowest in the basal epithelium. The highest cell nuclear S:V ratio was observed in the basal epithelium and the lowest in the superficial epithelium. The highest N:C ratio was found in the basal epithelial cells and the lowest in the posterior keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to quantify the cell density and size parameters, including cell surface area and volume, cell nuclear surface area and volume, and the S:V ratio, in the five layers of the central cornea. These data provide important cell morphology features for the study of corneal physiology, pathology and disease in mice, particularly in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhang
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Siyu He
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Susu Liu
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Yanting Xie
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Guoming Chen
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Junjie Zhang
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - Shengtao Sun
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
| | - David Liang
- b Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Liya Wang
- a Henan Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China and
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Wang T, McElroy A, Halaney D, Vela D, Fung E, Hossain S, Phipps J, Wang B, Yin B, Feldman MD, Milner TE. Detection of plaque structure and composition using OCT combined with two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:485-94. [PMID: 26018531 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. A novel hybrid optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two-photon luminescence (TPL) fiber-based imaging system was developed to characterize tissue constituents in the context of plaque morphology. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Ex vivo coronary arteries (34 regions of interest) from three human hearts with atherosclerotic plaques were examined by OCT-TPL imaging. Histological sections (4 μm in thickness) were stained with Oil Red O for lipid, Von Kossa for calcium, and Verhoeff-Masson Tri-Elastic for collagen/elastin fibers and compared with imaging results. RESULTS Biochemical components in plaques including lipid, oxidized-LDL, and calcium, as well as a non-tissue component (metal) are distinguished by multi-channel TPL images with statistical significance (P < 0.001). TPL imaging provides complementary optical contrast to OCT (two-photon absorption/emission vs scattering). Merged OCT-TPL images demonstrate the distribution of lipid deposits in registration with detailed plaque surface profile. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that multi-channel TPL imaging can effectively identify lipid sub-types and different plaque components. Furthermore, fiber-based hybrid OCT-TPL imaging simultaneously detects plaque structure and composition, improving the efficacy of vulnerable plaque detection and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - Austin McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - David Halaney
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Edmund Fung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - Shafat Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - Jennifer Phipps
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - Biwei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
| | - Marc D Feldman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas
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Wang T, McElroy A, Halaney D, Vela D, Fung E, Hossain S, Phipps J, Wang B, Yin B, Feldman MD, Milner TE. Dual-modality fiber-based OCT-TPL imaging system for simultaneous microstructural and molecular analysis of atherosclerotic plaques. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1665-78. [PMID: 26137371 PMCID: PMC4467709 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
New optical imaging techniques that provide contrast to study both the anatomy and composition of atherosclerotic plaques can be utilized to better understand the formation, progression and clinical complications of human coronary artery disease. We present a dual-modality fiber-based optical imaging system for simultaneous microstructural and molecular analysis of atherosclerotic plaques that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging. Experimental results from ex vivo human coronary arteries show that OCT and TPL optical contrast in recorded OCT-TPL images is complimentary and in agreement with histological analysis. Molecular composition (e.g., lipid and oxidized-LDL) detected by TPL imaging can be overlaid onto plaque microstructure depicted by OCT, providing new opportunities for atherosclerotic plaque identification and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Austin McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - David Halaney
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA ; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Edmund Fung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Shafat Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer Phipps
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Biwei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Marc D Feldman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA ; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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77
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Zeinali-Davarani S, Wang Y, Chow MJ, Turcotte R, Zhang Y. Contribution of collagen fiber undulation to regional biomechanical properties along porcine thoracic aorta. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:051001. [PMID: 25612301 DOI: 10.1115/1.4029637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As major extracellular matrix components, elastin, and collagen play crucial roles in regulating the mechanical properties of the aortic wall and, thus, the normal cardiovascular function. The mechanical properties of aorta, known to vary with age and multitude of diseases as well as the proximity to the heart, have been attributed to the variations in the content and architecture of wall constituents. This study is focused on the role of layer-specific collagen undulation in the variation of mechanical properties along the porcine descending thoracic aorta. Planar biaxial tensile tests are performed to characterize the hyperelastic anisotropic mechanical behavior of tissues dissected from four locations along the thoracic aorta. Multiphoton microscopy is used to image the associated regional microstructure. Exponential-based and recruitment-based constitutive models are used to account for the observed mechanical behavior while considering the aortic wall as a composite of two layers with independent properties. An elevated stiffness is observed in distal regions compared to proximal regions of thoracic aorta, consistent with sharper and earlier collagen recruitment estimated for medial and adventitial layers in the models. Multiphoton images further support our prediction that higher stiffness in distal regions is associated with less undulation in collagen fibers. Recruitment-based models further reveal that regardless of the location, collagen in the media is recruited from the onset of stretching, whereas adventitial collagen starts to engage with a delay. A parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to discriminate between the models in terms of the confidence in the estimated model parameters.
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78
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Chow MJ, Turcotte R, Lin CP, Zhang Y. Arterial extracellular matrix: a mechanobiological study of the contributions and interactions of elastin and collagen. Biophys J 2015; 106:2684-92. [PMID: 24940786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex network structure of elastin and collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) forms the primary load bearing components in the arterial wall. The structural and mechanobiological interactions between elastin and collagen are important for properly functioning arteries. Here, we examined the elastin and collagen organization, realignment, and recruitment by coupling mechanical loading and multiphoton imaging. Two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation methods were performed with a multiphoton video-rate microscope to capture real time changes to the elastin and collagen structure during biaxial deformation. Enzymatic removal of elastin was performed to assess the structural changes of the remaining collagen structure. Quantitative analysis of the structural changes to elastin and collagen was made using a combination of two-dimensional fast Fourier transform and fractal analysis, which allows for a more complete understanding of structural changes. Our study provides new quantitative evidence, to our knowledge on the sequential engagement of different arterial ECM components in response to mechanical loading. The adventitial collagen exists as large wavy bundles of fibers that exhibit fiber engagement after 20% strain. The medial collagen is engaged throughout the stretching process, and prominent elastic fiber engagement is observed up to 20% strain after which the engagement plateaus. The fiber orientation distribution functions show remarkably different changes in the ECM structure in response to mechanical loading. The medial collagen shows an evident preferred circumferential distribution, however the fiber families of adventitial collagen are obscured by their waviness at no or low mechanical strains. Collagen fibers in both layers exhibit significant realignment in response to unequal biaxial loading. The elastic fibers are much more uniformly distributed and remained relatively unchanged due to loading. Removal of elastin produces similar structural changes in collagen as mechanical loading. Our study suggests that the elastic fibers are under tension and impart an intrinsic compressive stress on the collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jay Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Systems Biology, Advanced Microscopy Program, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Advanced Microscopy Program, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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79
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Lipid crystals mechanically stimulate adjacent extracellular matrix in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:769-76. [PMID: 25463119 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although lipid crystals (LCs) have received attention as a causative factor of plaque rupture, the mechanisms by which they increase plaque vulnerability are unknown. We examined whether solid-state LCs physically affect the adjacent extracellular matrix (ECM) using a combination of multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging and finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS The changes of ECMs affected by lipids in atherosclerotic arteries in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (n = 32) fed a high-fat diet for 20-30 weeks were micro-anatomically visualized by a 3D MNLO imaging platform including CARS for lipids, TPEF for elastin, and SHG for collagen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The TPEF signal of elastin was increased at the peripheral regions of LCs (<10 μm) compared with foam cell regions. In order to confirm the increase of elastin, biochemical assay (western blot) was performed. The protein level of elastin was increased approximately 2.25-fold (p = 0.024) in LC-rich arteries. Under the hypothesis that the increase of elastin resulted from the mechanical stimulus from solid-state LCs, MNLO images were subjected to FEA to simulate the displacement according to the expanding magnitude of the vessel during cardiac cycles. We found that microscale focal stress was increased specifically around the LCs. These FEA results corresponded with the increase of elastin observed by TPEF. These data suggest that LCs mechanically stimulate the adjacent ECM to alter the composition of ECM and cause vessel remodeling. The combination of MNLO imaging and FEA has great potential to verify the mechanical predictions in cardiovascular diseases.
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80
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Vidal BDC. Fluorescence, aggregation properties and FT-IR microspectroscopy of elastin and collagen fibers. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1359-66. [PMID: 25213809 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histological and histochemical observations support the hypothesis that collagen fibers can link to elastic fibers. However, the resulting organization of elastin and collagen type complexes and differences between these materials in terms of macromolecular orientation and frequencies of their chemical vibrational groups have not yet been solved. This study aimed to investigate the macromolecular organization of pure elastin, collagen type I and elastin-collagen complexes using polarized light DIC-microscopy. Additionally, differences and similarities between pure elastin and collagen bundles (CB) were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. Although elastin exhibited a faint birefringence, the elastin-collagen complex aggregates formed in solution exhibited a deep birefringence and formation of an ordered-supramolecular complex typical of collagen chiral structure. The FT-IR study revealed elastin and CB peptide NH groups involved in different types of H-bonding. More energy is absorbed in the vibrational transitions corresponding to CH, CH2 and CH3 groups (probably associated with the hydrophobicity demonstrated by 8-anilino-1-naphtalene sulfonic acid sodium salt [ANS] fluorescence), and to νCN, δNH and ωCH2 groups of elastin compared to CB. It is assumed that the α-helix contribution to the pure elastin amide I profile is 46.8%, whereas that of the B-sheet is 20% and that unordered structures contribute to the remaining percentage. An FT-IR profile library reveals that the elastin signature within the 1360-1189cm(-1) spectral range resembles that of Conex-Toray aramid fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 013083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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81
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Bancelin S, Nazac A, Ibrahim BH, Dokládal P, Decencière E, Teig B, Haddad H, Fernandez H, Schanne-Klein MC, De Martino A. Determination of collagen fiber orientation in histological slides using Mueller microscopy and validation by second harmonic generation imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:22561-74. [PMID: 25321725 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.022561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the azimuthal orientations of collagen fibers in histological slides of uterine cervical tissue by two different microscopy techniques, namely Mueller polarimetry (MP) and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). SHG provides direct visualization of the fibers with high specificity, which orientations is then obtained by suitable image processing. MP provides images of retardation (among other polarimetric parameters) due to the optical anisotropy of the fibers, which is enhanced by Picrosirius Red staining. The fiber orientations are then assumed to be those of the retardation slow axes. The two methods, though fully different from each other, provide quite similar maps of average fiber orientations. Overall, our results confirm that MP microscopy provides reliable images of dominant fiber orientations at a much lower cost that SHG, which remains the "gold standard" for specific imaging of collagen fibers using optical microscopy.
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82
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Darvin ME, Richter H, Ahlberg S, Haag SF, Meinke MC, Le Quintrec D, Doucet O, Lademann J. Influence of sun exposure on the cutaneous collagen/elastin fibers and carotenoids: negative effects can be reduced by application of sunscreen. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:735-743. [PMID: 24639418 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy and multi-photon tomography were used in vivo to analyse the influence of sun exposure on the cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin fibers. Comparing Berlin (low sun exposure) and Monegasque (high sun exposure) volunteers, it could be demonstrated that extended sun exposure significantly reduces the cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin concentration (p < 0.05). The tendency towards correlation (R(2) = 0.41) between the dermal collagen/elastin (SAAID) and carotenoids confirms the important role of antioxidants in the protection against sun-induced negative effects. The application of sunscreen was shown to be effective, protecting cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin from being damaged subsequent to sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology CCP, Berlin, Germany.
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83
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Ko ACT, Wang F, Xiang B, Hewko M, Tian G, Major A, Shiomi M, Sowa MG. Collagen morphology and texture analysis: from statistics to classification. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2190. [PMID: 23846580 PMCID: PMC3709165 DOI: 10.1038/srep02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we present an image analysis methodology capable of quantifying morphological changes in tissue collagen fibril organization caused by pathological conditions. Texture analysis based on first-order statistics (FOS) and second-order statistics such as gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was explored to extract second-harmonic generation (SHG) image features that are associated with the structural and biochemical changes of tissue collagen networks. Based on these extracted quantitative parameters, multi-group classification of SHG images was performed. With combined FOS and GLCM texture values, we achieved reliable classification of SHG collagen images acquired from atherosclerosis arteries with >90% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The proposed methodology can be applied to a wide range of conditions involving collagen re-modeling, such as in skin disorders, different types of fibrosis and muscular-skeletal diseases affecting ligaments and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- National Research Council Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 1Y6
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84
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Kohlenberg EK, Smith M, Hewko M, Major A, Sowa MG, Ko ACT. Quantitative nonlinear optical assessment of atherosclerosis progression in rabbits. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6346-54. [PMID: 24892226 DOI: 10.1021/ac5005635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of atherosclerosis has been a challenging task owing to its complex pathology. In this study, we validated a quantitative approach for assessing atherosclerosis progression in a rabbit model using a numerical matrix, optical index for plaque burden, derived directly from the nonlinear optical microscopic images captured on the atherosclerosis-affected blood vessel. A positive correlation between this optical index and the severity of atherosclerotic lesions, represented by the age of the rabbits, was established based on data collected from 21 myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits with age ranging between new-born and 27 months old. The same optical index also accurately identified high-risk locations for atherosclerotic plaque formation along the entire aorta, which was validated by immunohistochemical fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- National Research Council Canada , Medical Devices Portfolio, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 1Y6
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85
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Jayyosi C, Fargier G, Coret M, Bruyère-Garnier K. Photobleaching as a tool to measure the local strain field in fibrous membranes of connective tissues. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2591-601. [PMID: 24568925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissues are complex structures which contain collagen and elastin fibers. These fiber-based structures have a great influence on material mechanical properties and need to be studied at the microscopic scale. Several microscopy techniques have been developed in order to image such microstructures; among them are two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy and second harmonic generation. These observations have been coupled with mechanical characterization to link microstructural kinematics to macroscopic material parameter evolution. In this study, we present a new approach to measure local strain in soft biological tissues using a side-effect of fluorescence microscopy: photobleaching. Controlling the loss of fluorescence induced by photobleaching, we create a pattern on our sample that we can monitor during mechanical loading. The image analysis allows three-dimensional displacements of the patterns at various loading levels to be computed. Then, local strain distribution is derived using the finite element discretization on a four-node element mesh created from our photobleached pattern. Photobleaching tests on a human liver capsule have revealed that this technique is non-destructive and does not have any impact on mechanical properties. This method is likely to have other applications in biological material studies, considering that all collagen-elastin fiber-based biological tissues possess autofluorescence properties and thus can be photobleached.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jayyosi
- Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon;IFSTTAR, LBMC, UMR-T9406; Université Lyon 1, France.
| | - G Fargier
- Plateforme IVTV, CNRS, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Bâtiment G8, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - M Coret
- LUNAM Université, GEM, UMR CNRS 6183, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Université de Nantes, France
| | - K Bruyère-Garnier
- Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon;IFSTTAR, LBMC, UMR-T9406; Université Lyon 1, France
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86
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Huang AH, Niklason LE. Engineering of arteries in vitro. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2103-18. [PMID: 24399290 PMCID: PMC4024341 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on two elements that are essential for functional arterial regeneration in vitro: the mechanical environment and the bioreactors used for tissue growth. The importance of the mechanical environment to embryological development, vascular functionality, and vascular graft regeneration will be discussed. Bioreactors generate mechanical stimuli to simulate biomechanical environment of arterial system. This system has been used to reconstruct arterial grafts with appropriate mechanical strength for implantation by controlling the chemical and mechanical environments in which the grafts are grown. Bioreactors are powerful tools to study the effect of mechanical stimuli on extracellular matrix architecture and mechanical properties of engineered vessels. Hence, biomimetic systems enable us to optimize chemo-biomechanical culture conditions to regenerate engineered vessels with physiological properties similar to those of native arteries. In addition, this article reviews various bioreactors designed especially to apply axial loading to engineered arteries. This review will also introduce and examine different approaches and techniques that have been used to engineer biologically based vascular grafts, including collagen-based grafts, fibrin-gel grafts, cell sheet engineering, biodegradable polymers, and decellularization of native vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,
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87
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Brown CP, Houle MA, Popov K, Nicklaus M, Couture CA, Laliberté M, Brabec T, Ruediger A, Carr AJ, Price AJ, Gill HS, Ramunno L, Légaré F. Imaging and modeling collagen architecture from the nano to micro scale. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:233-43. [PMID: 24466490 PMCID: PMC3891335 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The collagen meshwork plays a central role in the functioning of a range of tissues including cartilage, tendon, arteries, skin, bone and ligament. Because of its importance in function, it is of considerable interest for studying development, disease and regeneration processes. Here, we have used second harmonic generation (SHG) to image human tissues on the hundreds of micron scale, and developed a numerical model to quantitatively interpret the images in terms of the underlying collagen structure on the tens to hundreds of nanometer scale. Focusing on osteoarthritic changes in cartilage, we have demonstrated that this combination of polarized SHG imaging and numerical modeling can estimate fibril diameter, filling fraction, orientation and bundling. This extends SHG microscopy from a qualitative to quantitative imaging technique, providing a label-free and non-destructive platform for characterizing the extracellular matrix that can expand our understanding of the structural mechanisms in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Canada
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88
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Hall G, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Simultaneous determination of the second-harmonic generation emission directionality and reduced scattering coefficient from three-dimensional imaging of thick tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:116008. [PMID: 24220726 PMCID: PMC3825714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has intrinsic contrast for imaging fibrillar collagen and has shown great promise for disease characterization and diagnostics. In addition to morphology, additional information is achievable as the initially emitted SHG radiation directionality is related to subresolution fibril size and distribution. We show that by two parameter fittings, both the emission pattern (FSHG/BSHG)creation and the reduced scattering coefficient μs', can be obtained from the best fits between three-dimensional experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. The improved simulation framework accounts for collection apertures for the detected forward and backward components. We apply the new simulation framework to mouse tail tendon for validation and show that the spectral slope of μs' obtained is similar to that from bulk optical measurements and that the (FSHG/BSHG)creation values are also similar to previous results. Additionally, we find that the SHG emission becomes increasingly forward directed at longer wavelengths, which is consistent with decreased dispersion in refractive index between the laser and SHG wavelengths. As both the spectral slope of μs' and (FSHG/BSHG)creation have been linked to the underlying tissue structure, simultaneously obtaining these parameters on a microscope platform from the same tissue provides a powerful method for tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: (608) 890-3575; Fax: 608-265-9239; E-mail:
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89
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Heuke S, Vogler N, Meyer T, Akimov D, Kluschke F, Röwert-Huber HJ, Lademann J, Dietzek B, Popp J. Multimodal mapping of human skin. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:794-803. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Heuke
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - N. Vogler
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - T. Meyer
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - D. Akimov
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - F. Kluschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - H.-J. Röwert-Huber
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - J. Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - B. Dietzek
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - J. Popp
- Institute of Photonic Technology Jena; Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
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90
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Chen H, Slipchenko MN, Liu Y, Zhao X, Cheng JX, Lanir Y, Kassab GS. Biaxial deformation of collagen and elastin fibers in coronary adventitia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1683-93. [PMID: 24092692 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microstructural deformation-mechanical loading relation of the blood vessel wall is essential for understanding the overall mechanical behavior of vascular tissue in health and disease. We employed simultaneous mechanical loading-imaging to quantify in situ deformation of individual collagen and elastin fibers on unstained fresh porcine coronary adventitia under a combination of vessel inflation and axial extension loading. Specifically, the specimens were imaged under biaxial loads to study microscopic deformation-loading behavior of fibers in conjunction with morphometric measurements at the zero-stress state. Collagen fibers largely orientate in the longitudinal direction, while elastin fibers have major orientation parallel to collagen, but with additional orientation angles in each sublayer of the adventitia. With an increase of biaxial load, collagen fibers were uniformly stretched to the loading direction, while elastin fibers gradually formed a network in sublayers, which strongly depended on the initial arrangement. The waviness of collagen decreased more rapidly at a circumferential stretch ratio of λθ = 1.0 than at λθ = 1.5, while most collagen became straightened at λθ = 1.8. These microscopic deformations imply that the longitudinally stiffer adventitia is a direct result of initial fiber alignment, and the overall mechanical behavior of the tissue is highly dependent on the corresponding microscopic deformation of fibers. The microstructural deformation-loading relation will serve as a foundation for micromechanical models of the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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91
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Zhang H, Wang L, Xie Y, Liu S, Deng X, He S, Chen G, Liu H, Yang B, Zhang J, Sun S, Li X, Li Z. The measurement of corneal thickness from center to limbus in vivo in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice using two-photon imaging. Exp Eye Res 2013; 115:255-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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92
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Martin TP, Norris G, McConnell G, Currie S. A novel approach for assessing cardiac fibrosis using label-free second harmonic generation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:1733-40. [PMID: 23921804 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-013-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether second harmonic generation (SHG) can be used as a novel and improved label-free technique for detection of collagen deposition in the heart. To verify whether SHG will allow accurate quantification of altered collagen deposition in diseased hearts following hypertrophic remodelling. Minimally invasive transverse aortic banding (MTAB) of mouse hearts was used to generate a reproducible model of cardiac hypertrophy. Physiological and functional assessment of hypertrophic development was performed using echocardiography and post-mortem analysis of remodelled hearts. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from sham-operated and hypertrophied hearts and proliferation rates compared. Multi-photon laser scanning microscopy was used to capture both two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) and SHG images simultaneously in two channels. TPEF images were subtracted from SHG images and the resulting signal intensities from ventricular tissue sections were calculated. Traditional picrosirius red staining was used to verify the suitability of the SHG application. MTAB surgery induced significant hypertrophic remodelling and increased cardiac fibroblast proliferation. A significant increase in the density of collagen fibres between hypertrophic and control tissues (p < 0.05) was evident using SHG. Similar increases and patterns of staining were observed using parallel traditional picrosirius red staining of collagen. Label-free SHG microscopy provides a new alternative method for quantifying collagen deposition in fibrotic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Link building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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93
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Sassani SG, Theofani A, Tsangaris S, Sokolis DP. Time-course of venous wall biomechanical adaptation in pressure and flow-overload: assessment by a microstructure-based material model. J Biomech 2013; 46:2451-62. [PMID: 23953505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulae have been previously created by our group, through implantation of e-PTFE grafts between the carotid artery and jugular vein in healthy pigs, to gather comprehensive data on the time-course of the adapted geometry, composition, and biomechanical properties of the venous wall exposed to chronic increases in pressure and flow. The aim of this study was to mathematically assess the biomechanical adaptation of venous wall, by characterizing our previous in vitro inflation/extension testing data obtained 2, 4, and 12 weeks post-fistula, using a microstructure-based material model. Our choice for such a model considered a quadratic function for elastin with a four-fiber family term for collagen, and permitted realistic data characterization for both overloaded and control veins. As structural validation to the hemodynamically-driven differences in the material response, computerized histology was employed to quantitate the composition and orientation of collagen and elastin-fiber networks. The parameter values optimized showed marked differences among the overloaded and control veins, namely decrease in the quadratic function parameters and increase in the four-fiber family parameters. Differences among the two vein types were highlighted with respect to the underlying microstructure, namely the reduced elastin and increased collagen contents induced by pressure and flow-overload. Explicit correlations were found of the material parameters with the two basic scleroprotein contents, substantiating the material model used and the characterization findings presented. Our results are expected to improve the current understanding of the dynamics of venous adaptation under sustained pressure- and flow-overload conditions, for which data are largely unavailable and contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Sassani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University, Athens, Greece
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94
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Chen H, Luo T, Zhao X, Lu X, Huo Y, Kassab GS. Microstructural constitutive model of active coronary media. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7575-83. [PMID: 23859656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are pivotal in physiology and pathology, there is a lack of detailed morphological data on these cells. The objective of this study was to determine dimensions (width and length) and orientation of swine coronary VSMCs and to develop a microstructural constitutive model of active media. The dimensions, spatial aspect ratio and orientation angle of VSMCs measured at zero-stress state were found to follow continuous normal (or bimodal normal) distributions. The VSMCs aligned off circumferential direction of blood vessels with symmetrical polar angles 18.7° ± 10.9°, and the local VSMC deformation was affine with tissue-level deformation. A microstructure-based active constitutive model was developed to predict the biaxial vasoactivity of coronary media, based on experimental measurements of geometrical and deformation features of VSMCs. The results revealed that the axial active response of blood vessels is associated with multi-axial contraction as well as oblique VSMC arrangement. The present morphological database is essential for developing accurate structural models and is seminal for understanding the biomechanics of muscular vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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95
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Hansen L, Parker I, Roberts LM, Sutliff RL, Platt MO, Gleason RL. Azidothymidine (AZT) leads to arterial stiffening and intima-media thickening in mice. J Biomech 2013; 46:1540-7. [PMID: 23623314 PMCID: PMC4518204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have shown elevated incidence of a number of non-AIDS defining co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease. Given that HAART regimens contain a combination of at least three drugs, that disease management often requires adjustment of these regimens, and HIV, independent of HAART, also plays a role in development of co-morbidities, determining the role of specific HAART drugs and HIV infection itself from clinical data remains challenging. To characterize specific mediators and underlying mechanisms of disease, in vitro and in vivo animal models are required, in parallel with clinical data. Given its low cost azidothymidine (AZT) contributes to the backbone of a large proportion of HAART treated patients in the developing world where much of the global burden of HIV resides. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that AZT can lead to proatherogenic changes including the subclinical markers of arterial stiffening and intima-media thickening in mice. AZT (100mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to wild-type FVB/N mice via oral gavage for 35 days. Cylindrical biaxial biomechanical tests on the common carotid arteries and suprarenal aortas exhibited arterial stiffening in AZT mice compared to controls. Multiphoton microscopy and histology demonstrated that AZT led to increased intima-media thickness. These data correlated with decreased elastin content and increased protease activity as measured by cathepsin zymography; no differences were observed in collagen content or organization, in vivo axial stretch, or opening angle. Thus, this study suggests the drug AZT has significant effects on the development of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hansen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivana Parker
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - LaDeidra Monet Roberts
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolph L. Gleason
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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96
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Li W, Goldstein DR, Kreisel D. Intravital 2-photon imaging, leukocyte trafficking, and the beating heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:287-93. [PMID: 23706535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intravital two-photon microscopy allows for the analysis of single-cell dynamics within intact tissues. As it is well recognized that molecular cues that regulate leukocyte trafficking into inflammatory sites differ between various tissues, it is important to study organ-specific responses. Recently, intravital two-photon microscopy has been expanded to moving organs in the mouse such as beating hearts. Unlike previous experimental approaches to image cardiac tissue explants or isolated perfused heart preparations by two-photon microscopy, intravital imaging accounts for the mechanical force transmitted to vessels by the heartbeat and accurately assesses dynamic leukocyte behavior in the coronary vessels and myocardial tissue. Intravital two-photon imaging of beating hearts is a promising experimental tool that will help elucidate cellular and molecular immune processes that contribute to a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, New Haven, CT, USA
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97
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Haskett D, Azhar M, Utzinger U, Vande Geest JP. Progressive alterations in microstructural organization and biomechanical response in the ApoE mouse model of aneurysm. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:24648. [PMID: 23628871 PMCID: PMC3749278 DOI: 10.4161/biom.24648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AAA is a complex disease that leads to a localized dilation of the infrarenal aorta that develops over years. Longitudinal information in humans has been difficult to obtain for this disease, therefore mouse models have become increasingly used to study the development of AAAs. The objective of this study was to determine any changes that occur in the biomechanical response and fiber microstructure in the ApoE−/− AngII mouse model of aneurysm during disease progression. Adult ApoE−/− AngII infused mice along with wild-type controls were taken at 14 and 28 d. Aortas were excised and tested simultaneously for biaxial mechanical response and ECM organization. Data sets were fit to a Fung-type constitutive model to give peak strains and stiffness values. Images from two photon microscopy were quantified in order to assess the preferred fiber alignment and degree of fiber orientation. Biomechanical results found significant differences that were present at 14 d had returned to normal by 28 d along with significant changes in fiber orientation and dispersion indicating remodeling occurring within the aneurysmal wall. This return of some of the normal biomechanical function, in addition the continuing changes that occur in the microstructure suggest a restorative response that occurs in the ApoE−/− AngII infused model after the initial aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Haskett
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Urs Utzinger
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; BIO5 Institute; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Jonathan P Vande Geest
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; BIO5 Institute; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
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98
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Hansen L, Parker I, Sutliff RL, Platt MO, Gleason RL. Endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and intima-media thickening in large arteries from HIV-1 transgenic mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:682-93. [PMID: 23180031 PMCID: PMC4487412 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) exhibit elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including a higher risk of myocardial infarction and prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as increases in markers of subclinical atherosclerosis including increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (c-IMT), increased arterial stiffness, and impaired flow-mediated dilation. Both HAART and HIV-infection are independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Studies implicate the HIV proteins tat, gp120, vpu, and nef in early on-set atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to quantify the role of expression of HIV-1 proteins on the vascular function, biomechanics, and geometry of common carotid arteries and aortas. This study employed NL4-3Δ gag/pol transgenic mice (HIV-Tg), which contain the genetic sequence for the HIV-1 proteins env, tat, nef, rev, vif, vpr, and vpu but lacks the gag and pol genes and reports that HIV-Tg mice have impaired aortic endothelial function, increased c-IMT, and increased arterial stiffness. Further, HIV-Tg arteries show decreased elastin content, increased cathepsin K and cathepsin S activity, and increased mechanical residual stress. Thus, mice that express HIV proteins exhibit pre-clinical markers of atherosclerosis and these markers correlate with changes in markers of vascular remodeling. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV-proteins, independent of HAART treatment or HIV infection, could play a role in of the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hansen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ivana Parker
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Department Medicine, Emory University/Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rudolph L. Gleason
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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99
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Reusch LM, Feltovich H, Carlson LC, Hall G, Campagnola PJ, Eliceiri KW, Hall TJ. Nonlinear optical microscopy and ultrasound imaging of human cervical structure. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:031110. [PMID: 23412434 PMCID: PMC4023642 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.3.031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cervix softens and shortens as its collagen microstructure rearranges in preparation for birth, but premature change may lead to premature birth. The global preterm birth rate has not decreased despite decades of research, likely because cervical microstructure is poorly understood. Our group has developed a multilevel approach to evaluating the human cervix. We are developing quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques for noninvasive interrogation of cervical microstructure and corroborating those results with high-resolution images of microstructure from second harmonic generation imaging (SHG) microscopy. We obtain ultrasound measurements from hysterectomy specimens, prepare the tissue for SHG, and stitch together several hundred images to create a comprehensive view of large areas of cervix. The images are analyzed for collagen orientation and alignment with curvelet transform, and registered with QUS data, facilitating multiscale analysis in which the micron-scale SHG images and millimeter-scale ultrasound data interpretation inform each other. This novel combination of modalities allows comprehensive characterization of cervical microstructure in high resolution. Through a detailed comparative study, we demonstrate that SHG imaging both corroborates the quantitative ultrasound measurements and provides further insight. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of specific microstructural cervical change in pregnancy should lead to novel approaches to the prevention of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Reusch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Helen Feltovich
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain HealthCare, 1034 N 500 W, Provo, Utah
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lindsey C. Carlson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Timothy J. Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Timothy J. Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Physics Department, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: 801-357-8152; E-mail:
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100
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Cicchi R, Vogler N, Kapsokalyvas D, Dietzek B, Popp J, Pavone FS. From molecular structure to tissue architecture: collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:129-42. [PMID: 22791562 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a fantastic tool for imaging collagen and probing its hierarchical organization from molecular scale up to tissue architectural level. In fact, SHG combines the advantages of a non-linear microscopy approach with a coherent modality able to probe molecular organization. In this manuscript we review the physical concepts describing SHG from collagen, highlighting how this optical process allows to probe structures ranging from molecular sizes to tissue architecture, through image pattern analysis and scoring methods. Starting from the description of the most relevant approaches employing SHG polarization anisotropy and forward - backward SHG detection, we then focus on the most relevant methods for imaging and characterizing collagen organization in tissues through image pattern analysis methods, highlighting advantages and limitations of the methods applied to tissue imaging and to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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