1
|
Ventura-Antunes L, Nackenoff A, Romero-Fernandez W, Bosworth AM, Prusky A, Wang E, Carvajal-Tapia C, Shostak A, Harmsen H, Mobley B, Maldonado J, Solopova E, Caleb Snider J, David Merryman W, Lippmann ES, Schrag M. Arteriolar degeneration and stiffness in cerebral amyloid angiopathy are linked to β-amyloid deposition and lysyl oxidase. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.583563. [PMID: 38659767 PMCID: PMC11042178 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vasculopathy characterized by vascular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition on cerebral blood vessels. CAA is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and intracerebral hemorrhage. CAA is associated with the loss of autoregulation in the brain, vascular rupture, and cognitive decline. To assess morphological and molecular changes associated with the degeneration of penetrating arterioles in CAA, we analyzed post-mortem human brain tissue from 26 patients with mild, moderate, and severe CAA end neurological controls. The tissue was optically cleared for three-dimensional light sheet microscopy, and morphological features were quantified using surface volume rendering. We stained Aβ, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), lysyl oxidase (LOX), and vascular markers to visualize the relationship between degenerative morphological features, including vascular dilation, dolichoectasia (variability in lumenal diameter) and tortuosity, and the volumes of VSM, Aβ, and LOX in arterioles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess arteriolar wall stiffness, and we identified a pattern of morphological features associated with degenerating arterioles in the cortex. The volume of VSM associated with the arteriole was reduced by around 80% in arterioles with severe CAA and around 60% in cases with mild/moderate CAA. This loss of VSM correlated with increased arteriolar diameter and variability of diameter, suggesting VSM loss contributes to arteriolar laxity. These vascular morphological features correlated strongly with Aβ deposits. At sites of microhemorrhage, Aβ was consistently present, although the morphology of the deposits changed from the typical organized ring shape to sharply contoured shards with marked dilation of the vessel. AFM showed that arteriolar walls with CAA were more than 400% stiffer than those without CAA. Finally, we characterized the association of vascular degeneration with LOX, finding strong associations with VSM loss and vascular degeneration. These results show an association between vascular Aβ deposition, microvascular degeneration, and increased vascular stiffness, likely due to the combined effects of replacement of VSM by β-amyloid, cross-linking of extracellular matrices (ECM) by LOX, and possibly fibrosis. This advanced microscopic imaging study clarifies the association between Aβ deposition and vascular fragility. Restoration of physiologic ECM properties in penetrating arteries may yield a novel therapeutic strategy for CAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Nackenoff
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Allison M Bosworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Prusky
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emmeline Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Harmsen
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Vanderbilt Neurovisualization Lab, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Solopova
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Caleb Snider
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W. David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Schrag
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romero R, Zhao J, Stratton D, Marcelino K, Sugimura M, Nichols A, Gonzalez S, Jain M, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Kang D. Handheld cross-polarised microscope for imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo. J Microsc 2023; 292:47-55. [PMID: 37698068 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a simple, handheld cross-polarised microscope (CPM) and demonstration of imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo. In the CPM device, the cross-polarised detection approach is used to reduce the specular reflection from the skin surface and preferentially detect multiply-scattered light. The multiply-scattered light works as back illumination from within the tissue towards the skin surface, and superficial pigment such as intraepidermal melanin absorbs some spectral bands of the multiply-scattered light and cast coloured shadows. Since the light that interacted with the superficial pigment only needs to travel a short distance before it exits the skin surface, microscopic details of the pigment can be preserved. The CPM device uses a water-immersion objective lens with a high numerical aperture to image the microscopic details with minimal spherical aberrations and a small depth of focus. Preliminary results from a pilot study of imaging skin lesions in vivo showed that the CPM device could reveal three-dimensional distribution of pigmented cells and intracellular distribution of pigment. Co-registered CPM and reflectance confocal microscopy images showed good correspondence between dark, brown cells in CPM images and bright, melanin-containing cells in reflectance confocal microscopy images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Delaney Stratton
- Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Momoka Sugimura
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Alia Nichols
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manu Jain
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Dongkyun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ibrahim DGA. 3D Shape reconstruction of normal and cancerous red blood cells using digital holographic tomography: Combination of angular spectrum method and multiplicative technique. J Microsc 2022; 287:156-166. [PMID: 35802005 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the red blood cell shape affects the Oxygen transport, so a robust method to reconstruct the 3D shape of an RBC from different projections is presented. A robust one-piece polarizing holographic microscope setup is used to record inline holograms of normal and cancerous red blood cells (RBCs) with high stability. The inline holograms are corrected by flat fielding and windowed Fourier filtering methods to mitigate the zero-order and the defocused twin image due to the inline recording configuration to the least measure. The corrected inline holograms are then reconstructed by the angular spectrum method to extract the 2D wrapping phase-contrast images. The 2D wrapping phase-contrast images are then unwrapped using the graph cuts algorithm to extract the continuous 2D phase-contrast images. The continuous 2D phase-contrast images are reconstructed at different projections by the multiplicative technique to extract the 3D shape of the normal and the cancerous RBCs. Experimental results show that any deformation in the shape of the normal and the cancerous RBCs can be seen clearly at any rotational angle in 3D. This method, which is based on the degree of deformation from the best fitting, can be used as an alternative method of counting method for discrimination between normal and cancerous cells and hence diagnoses the disease easily. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutiérrez-Medina B. Optical sectioning of unlabeled samples using bright-field microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122937119. [PMID: 35344419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122937119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bright-field (BF) optical microscope is a traditional bioimaging tool that has been recently tested for depth discrimination during evaluation of specimen morphology; however, existing approaches require dedicated instrumentation or extensive computer modeling. We report a direct method for three-dimensional (3D) imaging in BF microscopy, applicable to label-free samples, where we use Köhler illumination in the coherent regime and conventional digital image processing filters to achieve optical sectioning. By visualizing fungal, animal tissue, and plant samples and comparing with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging, we demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method, showing how the standard microscope is an effective 3D imaging device.
Collapse
|
5
|
Perdikari A, Cacciottolo T, Henning E, Mendes de Oliveira E, Keogh JM, Farooqi IS. Visualization of sympathetic neural innervation in human white adipose tissue. Open Biol 2022; 12:210345. [PMID: 35291877 PMCID: PMC8924755 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as an excess of adipose tissue that adversely affects health, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, to date, understanding the structure and function of human adipose tissue has been limited by the inability to visualize cellular components due to the innate structure of adipocytes, which are characterized by large lipid droplets. Combining the iDISCO and the CUBIC protocols for whole tissue staining and optical clearing, we developed a protocol to enable immunostaining and clearing of human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) obtained from individuals with severe obesity. We were able to perform immunolabelling of sympathetic nerve terminals in whole WAT and subsequent optical clearing by eliminating lipids to render the opaque tissue completely transparent. We then used light sheet confocal microscopy to visualize sympathetic innervation of human WAT from obese individuals in a three-dimensional manner. We demonstrate the visualization of sympathetic nerve terminals in human WAT. This protocol can be modified to visualize other structures such as blood vessels involved in the development, maintenance and function of human adipose tissue in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Perdikari
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa Cacciottolo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia M. Keogh
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chang CY, Lin CY, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Hsu FC, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with optimized parallel multiline scanning for fast biotissue imaging. J Biomed Opt 2021; 26:JBO-200171RR. [PMID: 33386708 PMCID: PMC7778456 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due to the limitation of the single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development of the multiline scanning-based TFMPM requires only eight multiline patterns for full-field uniform multiphoton excitation and it still maintains superior AEC. AIM The optimized parallel multiline scanning TFMPM is developed, and the performance is verified with theoretical simulation. The system provides a sharp AEC equivalent to the line scanning-based TFMPM, but fewer scans are required. APPROACH A digital micromirror device is integrated in the TFMPM system and generates the multiline pattern for excitation. Based on the result of single-line pattern with sharp AEC, we can further model the multiline pattern to find the best structure that has the highest duty cycle together with the best AEC performance. RESULTS The AEC is experimentally improved to 1.7 μm from the 3.5 μm of conventional TFMPM. The adopted multiline pattern is akin to a pulse-width-modulation pattern with a spatial period of four times the diffraction-limited line width. In other words, ideally only four π / 2 spatial phase-shift scans are required to form a full two-dimensional image with superior AEC instead of image-size-dependent line-to-line scanning. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the developed parallel multiline scanning-based TFMPM has the multiline pattern for sharp AEC and the least scans required for full-field uniform excitation. In the experimental results, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton images of disordered biotissue of mouse skin with improved axial resolution due to the near-theoretical limit AEC are shown to clearly reduce background scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Lin
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Y. Hu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia H, Yu X, Yang Y, Zhou X, Yan S, Liu C, Lei M, Yao B. Axial resolution enhancement of light-sheet microscopy by double scanning of Bessel beam and its complementary beam. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800094. [PMID: 30043551 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The side lobes of Bessel beam will create significant out-of-focus background when scanned in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), limiting the axial resolution of the imaging system. Here, we propose to overcome this issue by scanning the sample twice with zeroth-order Bessel beam and another type of propagation-invariant beam, complementary to the zeroth-order Bessel beam, which greatly reduces the out-of-focus background created in the first scan. The axial resolution can be improved from 1.68 μm of the Bessel light-sheet to 1.07 μm by subtraction of the two scanned images across a whole field-of-view of up to 300 μm × 200 μm × 200 μm. The optimization procedure to create the complementary beam is described in detail and it is experimentally generated with a spatial light modulator. The imaging performance is validated experimentally with fluorescent beads as well as eGFP-labeled mouse brain neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianghua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Baoli Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llavador A, Scrofani G, Saavedra G, Martinez-Corral M. Large Depth-of-Field Integral Microscopy by Use of a Liquid Lens. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3383. [PMID: 30309009 DOI: 10.3390/s18103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integral microscopy is a 3D imaging technique that permits the recording of spatial and angular information of microscopic samples. From this information it is possible to calculate a collection of orthographic views with full parallax and to refocus computationally, at will, through the 3D specimen. An important drawback of integral microscopy, especially when dealing with thick samples, is the limited depth of field (DOF) of the perspective views. This imposes a significant limitation on the depth range of computationally refocused images. To overcome this problem, we propose here a new method that is based on the insertion, at the pupil plane of the microscope objective, of an electrically controlled liquid lens (LL) whose optical power can be changed by simply tuning the voltage. This new apparatus has the advantage of controlling the axial position of the objective focal plane while keeping constant the essential parameters of the integral microscope, that is, the magnification, the numerical aperture and the amount of parallax. Thus, given a 3D sample, the new microscope can provide a stack of integral images with complementary depth ranges. The fusion of the set of refocused images permits to enlarge the reconstruction range, obtaining images in focus over the whole region.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim DH, Na JE, Lee SJ, Sun W, Ahn HH, Kim BJ, Rhyu IJ. Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density using three-dimensional microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:47-52. [PMID: 30251287 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional microscopy provides more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and is known to be useful in clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Skin nerve biopsy together with the quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers in multiple thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectivity of three-dimensional microscopy in reducing the required time and inter-rater discrepancies, especially in the case of personnel not familiar with the quantification methods. A total of six cryo-sectioned specimens were analyzed for the study and the skin samples were collected from one patient with postherpetic neuralgia who voluntarily participated in the study. Two investigators, a physician and non-physician assessed the intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and required analysis time using three different methods including direct visualization of tissue slides, and analysis with two- and three-dimensional images. Three-dimensional microscopy could produce images that enabled reliable evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibers; the accuracy of analysis was statistically comparable between the physician and non-physician (p > .05). Three-dimensional microscopy also enabled the non-physician to proceed meaningfully faster evaluation compared with the direct visualization method (p = .03). Three-dimensional microscopy could be one of the useful methods to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non-physician. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Three-dimensional microscopy is capable of producing images with more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and has been known to be suitable for clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Cutaneous nerve biopsy and the quantification of nerve fibers in thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. Three-dimensional microscopy could be especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non-physician to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim J, Moon S, Jeong Y, Jang C, Kim Y, Lee B. Dual-dimensional microscopy: real-time in vivo three-dimensional observation method using high-resolution light-field microscopy and light-field display. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 29931838 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.6.066502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present dual-dimensional microscopy that captures both two-dimensional (2-D) and light-field images of an in-vivo sample simultaneously, synthesizes an upsampled light-field image in real time, and visualizes it with a computational light-field display system in real time. Compared with conventional light-field microscopy, the additional 2-D image greatly enhances the lateral resolution at the native object plane up to the diffraction limit and compensates for the image degradation at the native object plane. The whole process from capturing to displaying is done in real time with the parallel computation algorithm, which enables the observation of the sample's three-dimensional (3-D) movement and direct interaction with the in-vivo sample. We demonstrate a real-time 3-D interactive experiment with Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Kim
- Seoul National University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokil Moon
- Seoul National University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmo Jeong
- Seoul National University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Jang
- Seoul National University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute, VR/AR Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Seoul National University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang CY, Lin CH, Lin CY, Sie YD, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing-based widefield multiphoton microscopy with spatially modulated illumination for biotissue imaging. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201600287. [PMID: 28464488 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A developed temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) has a digital micromirror device (DMD) which is adopted not only as a blazed grating for light spatial dispersion but also for patterned illumination simultaneously. Herein, the TFMPEM has been extended to implement spatially modulated illumination at structured frequency and orientation to increase the beam coverage at the back-focal aperture of the objective lens. The axial excitation confinement (AEC) of TFMPEM can be condensed from 3.0 μm to 1.5 μm for a 50 % improvement. By using the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as two structured illuminations at the same spatial frequency but different orientation, reconstructed biotissue images according to the condensed AEC structured illumination are shown obviously superior in contrast and better scattering suppression. Picture: TPEF images of the eosin-stained mouse cerebellar cortex by conventional TFMPEM (left), and the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as 1.09 μm-1 spatially modulated illumination at 90° (center) and 0° (right) orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Da Sie
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 711 Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee D, Gweon DG, Yoo H. Multipoint scanning dual-detection confocal microscopy for fast 3D volumetric measurement. J Microsc 2017; 270:200-209. [PMID: 29251786 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a multipoint scanning dual-detection confocal microscopy (MS-DDCM) system for fast 3D volumetric measurements. Unlike conventional confocal microscopy, MS-DDCM can accomplish surface profiling without axial scanning. Also, to rapidly obtain 2D images, the MS-DDCM employs a multipoint scanning technique, with a digital micromirror device used to produce arrays of effective pinholes, which are then scanned. The MS-DDCM is composed of two CCDs: one collects the conjugate images and the other collects nonconjugate images. The ratio of the axial response curves, measured by the two detectors, provides a linear relationship between the height of the sample surface and the ratio of the intensity signals. Furthermore, the difference between the two images results in enhanced contrast. The normalising effect of the MS-DDCM provides accurate sample heights, even when the reflectance distribution of the surface varies. Experimental results confirmed that the MS-DDCM achieved high-speed surface profiling with improved image contrast capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lee
- Nano Opto-Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - D-G Gweon
- Nano Opto-Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H Yoo
- Biomedical Optics and Photomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zobiak B, Failla AV. Advanced spinning disk-TIRF microscopy for faster imaging of the cell interior and the plasma membrane. J Microsc 2017; 269:282-290. [PMID: 28960301 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular processes that occur between the cytosol and the plasma membrane is an important task for biological research. Till now, however, it was not possible to combine fast and high-resolution imaging of both the isolated plasma membrane and the surrounding intracellular volume. Here, we demonstrate the combination of fast high-resolution spinning disk (SD) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for specific imaging of the plasma membrane. A customised SD-TIRF microscope was used with specific design of the light paths that allowed, for the first time, live SD-TIRF experiments at high acquisition rates. A series of experiments is shown to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of our setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Zobiak
- UKE Microscopy Imaging Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Virgilio Failla
- UKE Microscopy Imaging Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Liu S, Liu D, Sun S, Kuang C, Ding Z, Liu X. Image scanning fluorescence emission difference microscopy based on a detector array. J Microsc 2017; 266:288-297. [PMID: 28199004 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel imaging method that enables the enhancement of three-dimensional resolution of confocal microscopy significantly and achieve experimentally a new fluorescence emission difference method for the first time, based on the parallel detection with a detector array. Following the principles of photon reassignment in image scanning microscopy, images captured by the detector array were arranged. And by selecting appropriate reassign patterns, the imaging result with enhanced resolution can be achieved with the method of fluorescence emission difference. Two specific methods are proposed in this paper, showing that the difference between an image scanning microscopy image and a confocal image will achieve an improvement of transverse resolution by approximately 43% compared with that in confocal microscopy, and the axial resolution can also be enhanced by at least 22% experimentally and 35% theoretically. Moreover, the methods presented in this paper can improve the lateral resolution by around 10% than fluorescence emission difference and 15% than Airyscan. The mechanism of our methods is verified by numerical simulations and experimental results, and it has significant potential in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - C Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Z Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chao J, Velmurugan R, You S, Kim D, Ward ES, Ober RJ. Remote focusing multifocal plane microscopy for the imaging of 3D single molecule dynamics with cellular context. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2017; 10070:100700L. [PMID: 28603332 PMCID: PMC5463995 DOI: 10.1117/12.2251218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) single molecule fluorescence microscopy affords the ability to investigate subcellular traffcking at the level of individual molecules. An imaged single molecule trajectory, however, often reveals only limited information about the underlying biological process when insuffcient information is available about the organelles and other cellular structures with which the molecule interacts. A new 3D fluorescence microscopy imaging modality is described here that enables the simultaneous imaging of the trajectories of fast-moving molecules and the associated cellular context. The new modality is called remote focusing multifocal plane microscopy (rMUM), as it extends multifocal plane microscopy (MUM) with a remote focusing module. MUM is a modality that uses multiple detectors to image distinct focal planes within the specimen at the same time, and it has been demonstrated to allow the determination of 3D single molecule trajectories with high accuracy. Remote focusing is a method that makes use of two additional objective lenses to enable the acquisition of a z-stack of the specimen without having to move the microscope's objective lens or sample stage, components which are required by MUM to be fixed in place. rMUM's remote focusing module thus allows the cellular context to be imaged in the form of z-stacks as the trajectories of molecules or other objects of interest are imaged by MUM. In addition to a description of the modality, a discussion of rMUM data analysis and an example of data acquired using an rMUM setup are provided in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ramraj Velmurugan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Raimund J Ober
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Itano MS, Bleck M, Johnson DS, Simon SM. Readily Accessible Multiplane Microscopy: 3D Tracking the HIV-1 Genome in Living Cells. Traffic 2015; 17:179-86. [PMID: 26567131 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and the associated disease AIDS are a major cause of human death worldwide with no vaccine or cure available. The trafficking of HIV-1 RNAs from sites of synthesis in the nucleus, through the cytoplasm, to sites of assembly at the plasma membrane are critical steps in HIV-1 viral replication, but are not well characterized. Here we present a broadly accessible microscopy method that captures multiple focal planes simultaneously, which allows us to image the trafficking of HIV-1 genomic RNAs with high precision. This method utilizes a customization of a commercial multichannel emission splitter that enables high-resolution 3D imaging with single-macromolecule sensitivity. We show with high temporal and spatial resolution that HIV-1 genomic RNAs are most mobile in the cytosol, and undergo confined mobility at sites along the nuclear envelope and in the nucleus and nucleolus. These provide important insights regarding the mechanism by which the HIV-1 RNA genome is transported to the sites of assembly of nascent virions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Itano
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marina Bleck
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel S Johnson
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sanford M Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hall G, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Simultaneous determination of the second-harmonic generation emission directionality and reduced scattering coefficient from three-dimensional imaging of thick tissues. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:116008. [PMID: 24220726 PMCID: PMC3825714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has intrinsic contrast for imaging fibrillar collagen and has shown great promise for disease characterization and diagnostics. In addition to morphology, additional information is achievable as the initially emitted SHG radiation directionality is related to subresolution fibril size and distribution. We show that by two parameter fittings, both the emission pattern (FSHG/BSHG)creation and the reduced scattering coefficient μs', can be obtained from the best fits between three-dimensional experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. The improved simulation framework accounts for collection apertures for the detected forward and backward components. We apply the new simulation framework to mouse tail tendon for validation and show that the spectral slope of μs' obtained is similar to that from bulk optical measurements and that the (FSHG/BSHG)creation values are also similar to previous results. Additionally, we find that the SHG emission becomes increasingly forward directed at longer wavelengths, which is consistent with decreased dispersion in refractive index between the laser and SHG wavelengths. As both the spectral slope of μs' and (FSHG/BSHG)creation have been linked to the underlying tissue structure, simultaneously obtaining these parameters on a microscope platform from the same tissue provides a powerful method for tissue characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: (608) 890-3575; Fax: 608-265-9239; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Backlund MP, Lew MD, Backer AS, Sahl SJ, Grover G, Agrawal A, Piestun R, Moerner WE. The double-helix point spread function enables precise and accurate measurement of 3D single-molecule localization and orientation. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2013; 8590:85900. [PMID: 24817798 DOI: 10.1117/12.2001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule-based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has recently been developed to surpass the diffraction limit by roughly an order of magnitude. These methods depend on the ability to precisely and accurately measure the position of a single-molecule emitter, typically by fitting its emission pattern to a symmetric estimator (e.g. centroid or 2D Gaussian). However, single-molecule emission patterns are not isotropic, and depend highly on the orientation of the molecule's transition dipole moment, as well as its z-position. Failure to account for this fact can result in localization errors on the order of tens of nm for in-focus images, and ~50-200 nm for molecules at modest defocus. The latter range becomes especially important for three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule super-resolution techniques, which typically employ depths-of-field of up to ~2 μm. To address this issue we report the simultaneous measurement of precise and accurate 3D single-molecule position and 3D dipole orientation using the Double-Helix Point Spread Function (DH-PSF) microscope. We are thus able to significantly improve dipole-induced position errors, reducing standard deviations in lateral localization from ~2x worse than photon-limited precision (48 nm vs. 25 nm) to within 5 nm of photon-limited precision. Furthermore, by averaging many estimations of orientation we are able to improve from a lateral standard deviation of 116 nm (~4x worse than the precision, 28 nm) to 34 nm (within 6 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Adam S Backer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Steffen J Sahl
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ginni Grover
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Rafael Piestun
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thayil A, Watanabe T, Jesacher A, Wilson T, Srinivas S, Booth M. Long-term imaging of mouse embryos using adaptive harmonic generation microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:046018. [PMID: 21529087 PMCID: PMC3321263 DOI: 10.1117/1.3569614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed description of an adaptive harmonic generation (HG) microscope and culture techniques that permit long-term, three-dimensional imaging of mouse embryos. HG signal from both pre- and postimplantation stage (0.5-5.5 day-old) mouse embryos are fully characterized. The second HG images reveal central spindles during cytokinesis whereas third HG images show several features, such as lipid droplets, nucleoli, and plasma membranes. The embryos are found to develop normally during one-day-long discontinuous HG imaging, permitting the observation of several dynamic events, such as morula compaction and blastocyst formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Thayil
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ra H, Gonzalez-Gonzalez E, Smith BR, Gambhir SS, Kino GS, Solgaard O, Kaspar RL, Contag CH. Assessing delivery and quantifying efficacy of small interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics in the skin using a dual-axis confocal microscope. J Biomed Opt 2010; 15:036027. [PMID: 20615029 PMCID: PMC2904026 DOI: 10.1117/1.3432627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic reporter mice and advances in imaging instrumentation are enabling real-time visualization of cellular mechanisms in living subjects and accelerating the development of novel therapies. Innovative confocal microscope designs are improving their utility for microscopic imaging of fluorescent reporters in living animals. We develop dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopes for such in vivo studies and create mouse models where fluorescent proteins are expressed in the skin for the purpose of advancing skin therapeutics and transdermal delivery tools. Three-dimensional image volumes, through the different skin compartments of the epidermis and dermis, can be acquired in several seconds with the DAC microscope in living mice, and are comparable to histologic analyses of reporter protein expression patterns in skin sections. Intravital imaging with the DAC microscope further enables visualization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene expression in the skin over time, and quantification of transdermal delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and therapeutic efficacy. Visualization of transdermal delivery of nucleic acids will play an important role in the development of innovative strategies for treating skin pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejun Ra
- Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lew MD, Thompson MA, Badieirostami M, Moerner WE. In vivo Three-Dimensional Superresolution Fluorescence Tracking using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2010; 7571:75710Z. [PMID: 20563317 PMCID: PMC2886306 DOI: 10.1117/12.842608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The point spread function (PSF) of a widefield fluorescence microscope is not suitable for three-dimensional super-resolution imaging. We characterize the localization precision of a unique method for 3D superresolution imaging featuring a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). The DH-PSF is designed to have two lobes that rotate about their midpoint in any transverse plane as a function of the axial position of the emitter. In effect, the PSF appears as a double helix in three dimensions. By comparing the Cramer-Rao bound of the DH-PSF with the standard PSF as a function of the axial position, we show that the DH-PSF has a higher and more uniform localization precision than the standard PSF throughout a 2 μm depth of field. Comparisons between the DH-PSF and other methods for 3D super-resolution are briefly discussed. We also illustrate the applicability of the DH-PSF for imaging weak emitters in biological systems by tracking the movement of quantum dots in glycerol and in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lew
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) resolution measure for the conventional optical microscope is introduced which overcomes the drawbacks of the classical 3D (axial) resolution limit. Formulated within the context of a parameter estimation problem and based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound, this 3D resolution measure indicates the accuracy with which a given distance between two objects in 3D space can be determined from the acquired image. It predicts that, given enough photons from the objects of interest, arbitrarily small distances of separation can be estimated with prespecified accuracy. Using simulated images of point source pairs, we show that the maximum likelihood estimator is capable of attaining the accuracy predicted by the resolution measure. We also demonstrate how different factors, such as extraneous noise sources and the spatial orientation of the imaged object pair, can affect the accuracy with which a given distance of separation can be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sripad Ram
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anish V. Abraham
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - E. Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Raimund J. Ober
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Corresponding author. Email address: (Raimund J. Ober)
| |
Collapse
|