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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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52
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Sun H, Zhu Q, Guo P, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Zhu Y. Trabecular meshwork cells are a valuable resource for cellular therapy of glaucoma. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1678-1686. [PMID: 30659738 PMCID: PMC6378204 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) contains a subset of adult stem cells or progenitors that can be differentiated into corneal endothelial cells, adipocytes and chondrocytes, but not osteocytes or keratocytes. Accordingly, these progenitors can be utilized as a cell‐based therapy to prevent blindness caused by glaucoma, corneal endothelial dysfunction and other diseases in general. In this review, we review in vitro expansion techniques for TM progenitors, discuss their phenotypic properties, and highlight their potential clinical applications in various ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Yunnan Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology (2017DG008), Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (2017HC010), Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida
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53
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Yang Y, Feng X, Liu X, Wang Y, Hu M, Cao Q, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang J, Guo R, Wang H, Qiao X, Wang L, Zheng G. Fate alteration of bone marrow-derived macrophages ameliorates kidney fibrosis in murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 34:1657-1668. [PMID: 30590718 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis is a key pathological feature and final common pathway leading to end-stage kidney failure in many chronic kidney diseases. Myofibroblast is the master player in renal fibrosis. However, myofibroblasts are heterogeneous. Recent studies show that bone marrow-derived macrophages transform into myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT) in renal fibrosis.MethodsTGF-β signaling was redirected by inhibition of β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) to increase β-catenin/Foxo in bone marrow-derived macrophages. A kidney fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in EGFP bone marrow chimera mouse. MMT was examined by flow cytometry analysis of GFP+F4/80+α-SMA+ cells from unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney, and by immunofluorescent staining of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsInhibition of β-catenin/TCF by ICG-001 combined with TGF-β1 treatment increased β-catenin/Foxo1, reduced the MMT and inflammatory cytokine production by bone marrow-derived macrophages, and thereby, reduced kidney fibrosis in the UUO model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that diversion of β-catenin from TCF to Foxo1-mediated transcription not only inhibits the β-catenin/TCF-mediated fibrotic effect of TGF-β, but also enhances its anti-inflammatory action, allowing therapeutic use of TGF-β to reduce both inflammation and fibrosis at least partially by changing the fate of bone marrow-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- The Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linxia Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhou G, Sun X, Qin Q, Lv J, Cai Y, Wang M, Mu R, Lan HY, Wang QW. Loss of Smad7 Promotes Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2537. [PMID: 30450102 PMCID: PMC6224447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Smad7 is an inhibitory Smad and plays a protective role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the roles of Smad7 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unexplored, which were investigated in this study. Methods: The activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling was examined in synovial tissues of patients with RA. The functional roles and mechanisms of Smad7 in RA were determined in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Smad7 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) CD-1 mice, a strain resistant to autoimmune arthritis induction. Results: TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was markedly activated in synovial tissues of patients with RA, which was associated with the loss of Smad7, and enhanced Th17 and Th1 immune response. The potential roles of Smad7 in RA were further investigated in a mouse model of CIA in Smad7 WT/KO CD-1 mice. As expected, Smad7-WT CD-1 mice did not develop CIA. Surprisingly, CD-1 mice with Smad7 deficiency developed severe arthritis including severe joint swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage damage, massive infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages, and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and MCP-1. Further studies revealed that enhanced arthritis in Smad7 KO CD-1 mice was associated with increased Th1, Th2 and, importantly, Th17 over the Treg immune response with overactive TGF-β/Smad3 and proinflammatory IL-6 signaling in the joint tissues. Conclusions: Smad7 deficiency increases the susceptibility to autoimmune arthritis in CD-1 mice. Enhanced TGF-β/Smad3-IL-6 signaling and Th17 immune response may be a mechanism through which disrupted Smad7 causes autoimmune arthritis in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengmin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China
| | - Qingxia Qin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiyang Lv
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueming Cai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Mu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and therapeutics, Li KaShing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Qing-Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Balachander GM, Talukdar PM, Debnath M, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee K. Inflammatory Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Invasive Breast Tumors Revealed Using a Fibrous Polymer Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33814-33826. [PMID: 30207687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in cancer fuels metastasis and worsens prognosis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present in the tumor stroma play a vital role in mediating the cascade of cancer inflammation that drives metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and invasion. In vitro models that faithfully recapitulate CAF-mediated inflammation independent of coculturing with cancer cells are nonexistent. We have engineered fibrous matrices of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) that can maintain the manifold tumor-promoting properties of patient-derived CAFs, which would otherwise require repetitive isolation and complex coculturing with cancer cells. On these fibrous matrices, CAFs proliferated and remodeled the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a parallel-patterned manner mimicking the ECM of high-grade breast tumors and induced stemness in breast cancer cells. The response of the fibroblasts was observed to be sensitive to the scaffold architecture and not the polymer composition. The CAFs cultured on fibrous matrices exhibited increased activation of the NF-κB pathway and downstream proinflammatory gene expression compared to CAFs cultured on conventional two-dimensional (2D) dishes and secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, GM-CSF, and MIP-3α. Consistent with this, we observed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells to the tumor site and enhanced invasiveness of the tumor in vivo when tumor cells were injected admixed with CAFs grown on fibrous matrices. These data suggest that CAFs better retain their tumor-promoting proinflammatory properties on fibrous polymeric matrices, which could serve as a unique model to investigate the mechanisms of stroma-induced inflammation in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinku Mani Talukdar
- Department of Human Genetics , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029 , India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029 , India
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56
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Napavichayanun S, Ampawong S, Harnsilpong T, Angspatt A, Aramwit P. Inflammatory reaction, clinical efficacy, and safety of bacterial cellulose wound dressing containing silk sericin and polyhexamethylene biguanide for wound treatment. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:795-805. [PMID: 30302557 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose wound dressings containing silk sericin and PHMB (BCSP) were developed in our previous studies. It had good physical properties, efficacy, and safety. For further use as a medical material, this dressing was investigated for its efficacy and safety in split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor-site wound treatment compared to Bactigras® (control). Moreover, the inflammatory responses to both dressings were also deeply investigated. For in vivo study, expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines were intensely considered in the tissue interfacing area. The result showed that IL-4 and TGF-β from BCSP-treated tissue had advantages over Bactigras®-treated tissue at 14 and 21 days post-implantation. For clinical study, a single-blinded, randomized controlled study was generated. The half of STSG donor site wound was randomly assigned to cover with BCSP or Bactigras®. Twenty-one patients with 32 STSG donor site wounds were enrolled. The results showed that wound-healing time was not significantly different in both dressings. However, wound quality of BCSP was better than Bactigras® at healing time and after 1 month (p < 0.05). The pain scores of BCSP-treated wound were statistically significant lower than Bactigras®-treated wound (p < 0.05). No sign of infection or adverse event was observed after treatment with both dressings. In conclusion, the inflammation responses of the dressing were clearly clarified. The advantages of BCSP were wound-quality improvement, pain reduction, and infection protection without adverse events. It was fit to be used as the alternative treatment of STSG donor site wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supamas Napavichayanun
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tavornchai Harnsilpong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Apichai Angspatt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Ohta M, Chosa N, Kyakumoto S, Yokota S, Okubo N, Nemoto A, Kamo M, Joh S, Satoh K, Ishisaki A. IL‑1β and TNF‑α suppress TGF‑β‑promoted NGF expression in periodontal ligament‑derived fibroblasts through inactivation of TGF‑β‑induced Smad2/3‑ and p38 MAPK‑mediated signals. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42. [PMID: 29901090 PMCID: PMC6089780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_2018.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) neurons in the periodontal ligament (PDL) pass information to the trigeminal ganglion when excited by mechanical stimulation of the tooth. During occlusal tooth trauma of PDL tissues, MS neurons are injured, resulting in atrophic neurites and eventual degeneration of MS neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophic factor, serves important roles in the regeneration of injured sensory neurons. In the present study, the effect of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL‑1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1)‑induced NGF expression was evaluated in rat PDL‑derived SCDC2 cells. It was observed that TGF‑β1 promoted NGF expression via Smad2/3 and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. IL‑1β and TNF‑α suppressed the TGF‑β1‑induced activation of Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK, resulting in the abrogation of NGF expression. NGF secreted by TGF‑β1‑treated SCDC2 cells promoted neurite extension and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate‑limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. These results suggested that pro‑inflammatory cytokines suppressed the TGF‑β‑mediated expression of NGF in PDL‑derived fibroblasts through the inactivation of TGF‑β‑induced Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK signaling, possibly resulting in the disturbance of the regeneration of injured PDL neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Ohta
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694,Division of Dental Anesthesia, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694
| | - Seiko Kyakumoto
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694
| | - Seiji Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Akira Nemoto
- Division of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694
| | - Shigeharu Joh
- Division of Oral and Dysphasia Rehabilitation, Department of Prosthodontics, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichi Satoh
- Division of Dental Anesthesia, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694,Correspondence to: Dr Akira Ishisaki, Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan, E-mail:
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Novel Interplay Between Smad1 and Smad3 Phosphorylation via AGE Regulates the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10548. [PMID: 30002389 PMCID: PMC6043613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with other causes of renal diseases. We previously found that Smad1 plays a critical role in the development of DN both in vitro and in vivo. However, functional interaction between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling in DN is unclear. Here, we addressed the molecular interplay between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling under a diabetic condition by using Smad3-knockout diabetic mice. Extracellular matrix (ECM) protein overexpression and Smad1 activation were observed in the glomeruli of db/db mice but were suppressed in the glomeruli of Smad3+/-; db/db mice. Smad3 activation enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad1 C-terminal domain but decreased the phosphorylation of linker domain, thus regulating Smad1 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated mesangial cells (MCs). However, forced phosphorylation of the Smad1 linker domain did not affect Smad3 activation in MCs. Phosphorylation of the Smad1 linker domain increased in Smad3+/-; db/db mice and probucol-treated db/db mice, which was consistent with the attenuation of ECM overproduction. These results indicate that Smad3 expression and activation or probucol treatment alters Smad1 phosphorylation, thus suggesting new molecular mechanisms underlying DN development and progression.
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59
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Tang PMK, Zhang YY, Mak TSK, Tang PCT, Huang XR, Lan HY. Transforming growth factor-β signalling in renal fibrosis: from Smads to non-coding RNAs. J Physiol 2018; 596:3493-3503. [PMID: 29781524 DOI: 10.1113/jp274492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the key player in tissue fibrosis. However, antifibrotic therapy targeting this multifunctional protein may interfere with other physiological processes to cause side effects. Thus, precise therapeutic targets need to be identified by further understanding the underlying mechanisms of TGF-β1 signalling during fibrogenesis. Equilibrium of Smad signalling is crucial for TGF-β-mediated renal fibrosis, where Smad3 is pathogenic but Smad2 and Smad7 are protective. The activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling triggers extracellular matrix deposition, and local myofibroblast generation and activation. Mechanistic studies have shown that TGF-β/Smad3 transits the microRNA profile from antifibrotic to profibrotic and therefore promotes renal fibrosis via regulating non-coding RNAs at transcriptional levels. More importantly, disease-specific Smad3-dependent long non-coding RNAs have been recently uncovered from mouse kidney disease models and may represent novel precision therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease. In this review, mechanisms of TGF-β-driven renal fibrosis via non-coding RNAs and their translational capacities will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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60
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Ohta M, Chosa N, Kyakumoto S, Yokota S, Okubo N, Nemoto A, Kamo M, Joh S, Satoh K, Ishisaki A. IL‑1β and TNF‑α suppress TGF‑β‑promoted NGF expression in periodontal ligament‑derived fibroblasts through inactivation of TGF‑β‑induced Smad2/3‑ and p38 MAPK‑mediated signals. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1484-1494. [PMID: 29901090 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) neurons in the periodontal ligament (PDL) pass information to the trigeminal ganglion when excited by mechanical stimulation of the tooth. During occlusal tooth trauma of PDL tissues, MS neurons are injured, resulting in atrophic neurites and eventual degeneration of MS neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophic factor, serves important roles in the regeneration of injured sensory neurons. In the present study, the effect of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL‑1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1)‑induced NGF expression was evaluated in rat PDL‑derived SCDC2 cells. It was observed that TGF‑β1 promoted NGF expression via Smad2/3 and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. IL‑1β and TNF‑α suppressed the TGF‑β1‑induced activation of Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK, resulting in the abrogation of NGF expression. NGF secreted by TGF‑β1‑treated SCDC2 cells promoted neurite extension and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate‑limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. These results suggested that pro‑inflammatory cytokines suppressed the TGF‑β‑mediated expression of NGF in PDL‑derived fibroblasts through the inactivation of TGF‑β‑induced Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK signaling, possibly resulting in the disturbance of the regeneration of injured PDL neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Ohta
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Seiko Kyakumoto
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita‑ku, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
| | - Akira Nemoto
- Division of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Joh
- Division of Oral and Dysphasia Rehabilitation, Department of Prosthodontics, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Kenichi Satoh
- Division of Dental Anesthesia, Department of Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa‑gun, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Tumor-fibroblast interactions stimulate tumor vascularization by enhancing cytokine-driven production of MMP9 by tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35592-35608. [PMID: 28423685 PMCID: PMC5482601 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advance-stage breast carcinomas include significant amounts of fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells which have been implicated in tumor growth, recurrence, and response to therapy. The present study investigated the contribution of fibroblasts to tumor growth using direct tumor-fibroblast co-cultures and tumor xenograft models. Our findings revealed that fibroblasts enhance breast carcinoma growth by promoting the tumor vasculature via the MMP9-dependent mechanism. In tumor-fibroblast co-cultures, fibroblasts increased expression of TGF-β, TNF, and IL-1β cytokines in tumor cells. These cytokines cooperatively induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 in tumor cells. Knockdown of MMP9 by shRNA significantly reduced tumor vascularization induced by fibroblasts. Mechanistically, our findings argue that expression of MMP9 in tumor cellsis regulated by crosstalk of TGF-β with TNF and/or IL-1β cytokines. The mechanism of this cooperative response did not involve cross-activation of the canonical signaling pathways as TGF-β did not activate RELA/p65 signaling, while TNF did not affect SMAD signaling. Instead, TGF-β and TNF cytokines co-stimulated MAP kinases and expression of JUN and JUNB, AP1 transcription factor subunits, which together with RELA/p65 were essential for the regulation of MMP9. Depletion of JUN and JUNB or RELA in tumor cells blocked the cooperative induction of MMP9 by the cytokines. Thus, our studies uncovered a previously unappreciated role of tumor-fibroblast interactions in the stimulation of tumor angiogenesis, and an essential role of the MAPK-AP1 axis in the cooperative up-regulation of the angiogenic driver MMP9 by cytokine crosstalk.
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Ji X, Wang H, Wu Z, Zhong X, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Tan R, Liu Y, Li J, Wang L. Specific Inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) Attenuates Fibrosis, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Kidneys by Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)/Smad3 Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1633-1641. [PMID: 29555895 PMCID: PMC5872904 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis is the common pathological feature in most kinds of chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smads signaling is the master pathway regulating kidney fibrosis pathogenesis, in which Smad3 acts as the integrator of various pro-fibrosis signals. In this study, we analyzed the role of SIS3, a specific inhibitor of Smad3, in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys. Material/Methods UUO mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mg/kg/day or 2 mg/kg/day of SIS3 or control saline for 7 days, followed by analysis of structure injury, fibrosis status, inflammation, apoptosis, and TGF-β/Smads signaling activity. Results Our results indicated that SIS3 treatment dosage-dependently relieved the gross structure injury and tubular necrosis in UUO kidneys. Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR showed significantly decreased extracellular matrix deposition, fibronectin staining intensity, and RNA levels of collagen I and collagen III in SIS3-treated UUO kidneys. SIS3 treatment also suppressed the activation of myofibroblasts, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of α-SMA and vimentin in UUO kidneys. The TGF-β/Smads signaling activity analysis showed that SIS3 inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3 but not Smad2 and decreased the protein level of TGF-β1, suggesting specific inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in UUO kidneys. Furthermore, SIS3 treatment also ameliorated the increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α and COX2 in UUO kidneys and circulating IL-1β in UUO mice, and inhibited caspase-3 activity and the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions SIS3 ameliorated fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation through inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in UUO mouse kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Ji
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Honglian Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaojun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Zhong
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Menglian Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Ruizhi Tan
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianchun Li
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Luo H, Zhao F, Zhang F, Liu N. Influence of amygdalin on PDG, IGF and PDGFR expression in HSC-T6 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3693-3698. [PMID: 29556259 PMCID: PMC5844102 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of amygdalin treatment on reducing liver fibrosis by investigating its role in regulating the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-T6 line. HSC-T6 cells were used as an in vitro model and randomly assigned into four groups: control, high-dose amygdalin, mid-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin. Following amygdalin treatment, compared with the control, a high dose of amygdalin significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of PDGF and IGF (each P<0.05), whereas moderate and low doses showed no significant effect, relatively low doses of amygdalin are not sufficient to transfer signals to its receptor. The high-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin displayed suppressed protein expression of PDGF at 24, 48 and 72 h, with the high-dose group exhibiting the most marked suppression at all three time points. By reducing the transcription of PDGF and IGF mRNA and the expression of PDGF protein, amygdalin decreased the synthesis and release of PDGF and IGF, thereby reducing the influence of PDGF and IGF on HSCs, thus protecting the liver from fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Wang D, Zhang G, Chen X, Wei T, Liu C, Chen C, Gong Y, Wei Q. Sitagliptin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2784-2792. [PMID: 29484381 PMCID: PMC5846674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of current strategies available for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to assess whether sitagliptin (SIT) has therapeutic potential for prevention of DN and to investigate its possible mechanism. The effects of SIT on DN were investigated in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rat mesangial cells (MCs) induced by high glucose. T2DM rats were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg SIT. The kidney index, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), accumulation of glycogen and collagens were investigated by different methods. MCs were administered with SIT at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 µmol/ml. The possible mechanism of SIT on protection of diabetic kidney injury was examined by expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway. The results showed that the SIT-treated diabetic rats significantly reduced diabetic kidney injury by inhibiting the kidney index and attenuating 24 h urinary protein, reducing BUN and serum creatinine, inhibiting progressive renal fibrosis and increassing extracellular matrix including collagen IV and fibronectin. Further studies showed that inhibition of renal fibrosis in SIT-treated diabetic rats and MCs were associated with rebalancing of TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Sitagliptin may be a potent agent for preventing the progression of DN through inhabiting TGF-β1/Smad-mediated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qunli Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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66
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Garud MS, Kulkarni YA. Gallic acid attenuates type I diabetic nephropathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 282:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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67
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Qiao X, Rao P, Zhang Y, Liu L, Pang M, Wang H, Hu M, Tian X, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wang XM, Wang C, Yu H, Guo F, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang YM, Zhang GY, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Zheng G, Harris DCH. Redirecting TGF- β Signaling through the β-Catenin/Foxo Complex Prevents Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:557-570. [PMID: 29180394 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a key profibrotic factor, but targeting TGF-β to prevent fibrosis also abolishes its protective anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that we can redirect TGF-β signaling by preventing downstream profibrotic interaction of β-catenin with T cell factor (TCF), thereby enhancing the interaction of β-catenin with Foxo, a transcription factor that controls differentiation of TGF-β induced regulatory T cells (iTregs), and thus, enhance anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β In iTregs derived from EL4 T cells treated with recombinant human TGF-β1 (rhTGF-β1) in vitro, inhibition of β-catenin/TCF transcription with ICG-001 increased Foxp3 expression, interaction of β-catenin and Foxo1, binding of Foxo1 to the Foxp3 promoter, and Foxo transcriptional activity. Moreover, the level of β-catenin expression positively correlated with the level of Foxo1 binding to the Foxp3 promoter and Foxo transcriptional activity. T cell fate mapping in Foxp3gfp Ly5.1/5.2 mice revealed that coadministration of rhTGF-β1 and ICG-001 further enhanced the expansion of iTregs and natural Tregs observed with rhTGF-β1 treatment alone. Coadministration of rhTGF-β1 with ICG-001 also increased the number of Tregs and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney fibrosis models of unilateral ureteric obstruction and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Notably, ICG-001 prevented the fibrosis in distant organs (lung and liver) caused by rhTGF-β1. Together, our results show that diversion of β-catenin from TCF- to Foxo-mediated transcription inhibits the β-catenin/TCF-mediated profibrotic effects of TGF-β while enhancing the β-catenin/Foxo-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Targeting β-catenin/Foxo may be a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of fibrotic diseases that lead to organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute and
| | - Padmashree Rao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yun Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research and
| | - Lixin Liu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research and
| | - Min Pang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xinrui Tian
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Chengshi Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hong Yu
- Cell Imaging Facility, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Fei Guo
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lv W, Fan F, Wang Y, Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Wang C, Yang L, Booz GW, Roman RJ. Therapeutic potential of microRNAs for the treatment of renal fibrosis and CKD. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:20-34. [PMID: 29127220 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00039.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate, is increasingly becoming a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal fibrosis is the final common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease, irrespective of the initial injury. According to this view, antifibrotic agents should slow or halt the progression of CKD. However, due to multiple overlapping pathways stimulating fibrosis, it has been difficult to develop antifibrotic drugs that delay or reverse the progression of CKD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules, 18-22 nucleotides in length, that control many developmental and cellular processes as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs targeted against genes involved in renal fibrosis might be potential candidates for the development of antifibrotic therapies for CKD. This review will discuss some of the miRNAs, such as Let-7, miR-21,-29, -192, -200,-324, -132, -212, -30, -126, -433, -214, and -199a, that are implicated in renal fibrosis and the potential to exploit these molecular targets for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Lili Yang
- West Coast Clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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Schwalm S, Beyer S, Frey H, Haceni R, Grammatikos G, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Schaefer L, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingosine Kinase-2 Deficiency Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis by Up-Regulating Smad7 in a Mouse Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2413-2429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lin N, Ji Z, Huang C. Smad7 alleviates glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via the ROS-NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:210-216. [PMID: 28988741 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate that altered gene expression of Smad7regulated NF-κB expression and ROS production on Ang II (Angiotensin II)-induced rat glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation. METHODS pAdTrack-CMV-Smad7 was transduced into rat GMC by adeno-transduction using an ADV (adenovirus)-mediated vector in vivo. Diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) pre-treated GMC, and blocked ROS generation as determined by DCFH-DA method. Altered expressions of IκBα and p65 were monitored by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. GMC proliferation was tested by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis of GMC was detected by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Over-expression of Smad7 dampened the ability of Ang II to promote ROS synthesis and inhibited the ability of Ang II to decrease functional expression of IκBα. Moreover, Smad7 increased nuclear IκBα expression. Smad7 did not significantly influence the capacity of Ang II to increase protein expression of NF-κB p65. However, immunofluorescence analysis showed that Smad7 reduced nuclear NF-κB p65 level. Further, over-expression of Smad7 promoted GMC apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation, which alleviated the Ang II-promoted proliferation of GMC. CONCLUSIONS Smad7 influenced NF-κB expression by regulating ROS generation, and induced GMC apoptosis to counter the Ang II-promoted proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zequan Ji
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Cuiwen Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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71
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Liu Z, Huang XR, Chen HY, Fung E, Liu J, Lan HY. Deletion of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Promotes Hypertensive Nephropathy by Targeting Smad7 for Ubiquitin Degradation. Hypertension 2017; 70:822-830. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
| | - Erik Fung
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- From the Division of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (Z.L., J.L.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.); and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (Z.L., X.-R.H., H.-Y.C., E.F., H.-Y.L.)
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Jiao L, Wang CC, Wu H, Gong R, Lin FH, Feng J, Hu C. Copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite influences intestinal integrity, the expression of genes associated with inflammation, TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge. Innate Immun 2017; 23:648-655. [PMID: 28958208 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917733033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether dietary copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) could alleviate Escherichia coli LPS-induced intestinal injury through pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways (TLRs, NLRs and TGF-β1) in weaned piglets. Eighteen 21-d-old pigs were randomly divided into three groups (control, LPS and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt). After 21 d of feeding, pigs in the LPS group and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt group received i.p. administration of LPS, whereas pigs in the control group received saline. At 4 h post-injection, jejunum samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that, compared with the LPS group, supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt increased transepithelial electrical resistance, the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1) in mRNA and protein levels, and decreased FD4 and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β). The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways results demonstrated that Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream signals (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) but had no effect on NOD1 and NOD2 signals. Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation did not affect NF-κB p65 mRNA abundance, but down-regulated its protein expression. The anti-inflammatory signaling pathways results showed supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt also increased TβRII, Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions. These findings suggested dietary Cu/Zn-Mt attenuated LPS-induced intestinal injury by alleviating intestinal inflammation, influencing TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Chun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Hui Lin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lima-Posada I, Portas-Cortés C, Pérez-Villalva R, Fontana F, Rodríguez-Romo R, Prieto R, Sánchez-Navarro A, Rodríguez-González GL, Gamba G, Zambrano E, Bobadilla NA. Gender Differences in the Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12270. [PMID: 28947737 PMCID: PMC5612964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated if there is a sexual dimorphism in the acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition and the time-course of the potential mechanisms involved in the dimorphic response. Female and male rats were divided into sham-operated or underwent 45-min renal ischemia (F + IR, and M + IR). All groups were studied at 24-h and 1, 2, 3, or 4-months post-ischemia. Additionally, oophorectomized rats were divided into sham or IR groups. After 24-h, AKI extent was simllar in females and males, but female rats exhibited less oxidative stress and increased renal GSH content. After 4-months and despite similar AKI, the M + IR group developed CKD characterized by proteinuria, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerular hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress and a reduction in HIF1α and VEGF from the 1st-month and persisting throughout the time-course studied. Interestingly, the F + IR group did not develop CKD due to lesser oxidative stress and increased eNOS, TGFβ and HIF1α mRNA levels from the 1st-month after IR. Whereas, oophorectomized rats did develop CKD. We found a sexual dimorphic response in the AKI to CKD transition. Early antioxidant defense and higher TGFβ, HIF1α and eNOS were among the renoprotective mechanisms that the F + IR group demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Lima-Posada
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Portas-Cortés
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Pérez-Villalva
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Rodríguez-Romo
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Prieto
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Navarro
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departament of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departament of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Departament of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Um JE, Park JT, Nam BY, Lee JP, Jung JH, Kim Y, Kim S, Park J, Wu M, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Periostin-binding DNA aptamer treatment attenuates renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8490. [PMID: 28819200 PMCID: PMC5561139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, was shown to augment renal fibrosis. Aptamers have higher binding affinities without developing the common side effects of antibodies. Thus, we evaluated the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment significantly upregulated periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. These increases were attenuated significantly in periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA)-treated IMCD cells exposed to TGF-β1. In vivo, PA treatment attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen levels in the diabetic mice significantly. Fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions increased significantly in the kidneys of diabetic mice: PA administration abrogated these increases significantly. Immunohistochemistry and Sirius Red staining also revealed that fibronectin expression was significantly higher and tubulointersititial fibrosis was significantly worse in diabetic mice kidneys compared with control mice. These changes were ameliorated by PA treatment. These findings suggested that inhibition of periostin using a DNA aptamer could be a potential therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Um
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Jung
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Li A, Zhang X, Shu M, Wu M, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang R, Li P, Wang Y. Arctigenin suppresses renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of obstructive nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:28-41. [PMID: 28545667 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is commonly the final result of a variety of progressive injuries and leads to end-stage renal disease. There are few therapeutic agents currently available for retarding the development of renal TIF. PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of arctigenin (ATG), a lignan component derived from dried burdock (Arctium lappa L.) fruits, in protecting the kidney against injury by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. METHODS Rats were subjected to UUO and then administered with vehicle, ATG (1 and 3mg/kg/d), or losartan (20mg/kg/d) for 11 consecutive days. The renoprotective effects of ATG were evaluated by histological examination and multiple biochemical assays. RESULTS Our results suggest that ATG significantly protected the kidney from injury by reducing tubular dilatation, epithelial atrophy, collagen deposition, and tubulointerstitial compartment expansion. ATG administration dramatically decreased macrophage (CD68-positive cell) infiltration. Meanwhile, ATG down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in the obstructed kidneys. This was associated with decreased activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). ATG attenuated UUO-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of renal manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), leading to reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, ATG inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubules by reducing the abundance of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and its type I receptor, suppressing Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and up-regulating Smad7 expression. Notably, the efficacy of ATG in renal protection was comparable or even superior to losartan. CONCLUSION ATG could protect the kidney from UUO-induced injury and fibrogenesis by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular EMT, thus supporting the potential role of ATG in renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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76
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Garud MS, Kulkarni YA. Attenuation of renal damage in type I diabetic rats by umbelliferone - a coumarin derivative. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1263-1269. [PMID: 29128808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that diabetes is one of the non-communicable disease affecting a large population worldwide. When diabetes remains untreated or uncontrolled, it leads to further serious complications, affecting vital organs like eyes, kidney, heart, etc. The present study was designed to evaluate effects of umbelliferone, a phytochemical, in treatment of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Experimental model used was streptozotocin (55mg/kg, ip) induced diabetic nephropathy in male Sprague Dawley rats. After 28days of streptozotocin administration, diabetic animals were treated with umbelliferone at two dose levels, 20 and 40mg/kg for next 28days. RESULTS The results of the study showed that umbelliferone treatment significantly decreased the elevated plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level while significantly increased the total protein and albumin level in diabetic animals. Creatinine clearance was improved in umbelliferone treated animals. Renal oxidative stress was decreased in umbelliferone treated animals significantly. Histopathological study of the kidney was carried out by specific stains like Hematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Masson Trichrome stain. The sections of the kidney showed that umbelliferone treatment decreased the glomerular damage, mesangial matrix expansion as well as the renal fibrosis. Determination of renal transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-β1) expression by immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting and circulating TGF-β1 by ELISA assay showed that umbelliferone decreased the renal tissue and circulating TGF-β1 level. CONCLUSION Umbelliferone treatment can significantly reduce the diabetes induced renal damage and can improve the pathological conditions related to the diabetic nephropathy by down regulation of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Garud
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
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Transforming growth factor β1 enhances heme oxygenase 1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting microRNA 519b synthesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176052. [PMID: 28423042 PMCID: PMC5397058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is manifested by synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction that is directly linked to synovitis, joint swelling and pain. In the light of the role of synovium in the pathogenesis and the symptoms of OA, synovium-targeted therapy is a promising strategy to mitigate the symptoms and progression of OA. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a secreted homodimeric protein, possesses unique and potent anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties in many cell types. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an inducible anti-inflammatory and stress responsive enzyme that has been proven to prevent injuries caused by many diseases. Despite the similar anti-inflammatory profile and their involvement in the pathogenesis of arthritic diseases, no studies have as yet explored the possibility of any association between the expression of TGF-β1 and HO-1. Methodology/Principal findings TGF-β1-induced HO-1 expression was examined by HO-1 promoter assay, qPCR, and Western blotting. The siRNAs and enzyme inhibitors were utilized to determine the intermediate involved in the signal transduction pathway. We showed that TGF-β1 stimulated the synthesis of HO-1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which can be mitigated by blockade of the phospholipase (PLC)γ/protein kinase C alpha (PKC)α pathway. We also showed that the expression of miRNA-519b, which blocks HO-1 transcription, is inhibited by TGF-β1, and the suppression of miRNA 519b could be reversed via blockade of the PLCγ/PKCα pathway. Conclusions/Significance TGF-β1 stimulated the expression of HO-1 via activating the PLCγ/PKCα pathway and suppressing the downstream expression of miRNA-519b. These results may shed light on the pathogenesis and treatment of OA.
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Lee HJ, Park JM, Hahm KB. [Role of Inhibitory Transforming Growth Factor-β Signal Smad7 in Helicobacter pylori-associated Gastric Damage]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 68:186-194. [PMID: 27780942 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2016.68.4.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine implicated in the susceptibility, development, and progression of gastrointestinal cancer and certain other neoplasms. In the later stages of cancer, TGF-β not only acts as a bystander of host-immune response, but also contributes to cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. In the current study, we generated gastric mucosal cells that stably express Smad7, and explored the Helicobacter pylori-associated biological changes between mock-transfected and Smad7-transfected RGM1 cells. Methods RGM1 cells stably transfected with Smad7 were infected with H. pylori, and molecular changes in apoptotic markers and inflammatory mediators were examined. Several candidate genes were explored in Smad7-overexpressing cells after H. pylori infection. Results Overexpression of Smad7 in RGM1 cells significantly increased the H. pylori-induced cytotoxicity compared to mock-transfected cells. Exaggerated increases in inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible NO synthase, and augmented apoptosis were noted in Smad7-overexpressing cells, whereas mitigated heme oxygenase 1 was noted in Smad7- overexpressing cells. These phenomena were reversed in cells transfected with Smad7 siRNA. Conclusions These data suggest that inhibition of Smad7 is a possible target for mitigating H. pylori-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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Huang H, Jiang Y, Mao G, Yuan F, Zheng H, Ruan Y, Wu T. Protective effects of allicin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1359-1366. [PMID: 27363537 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animal models have shown that allicin, a major biologically active component of garlic, can play a role in the prevention of tissue fibrosis in the liver, lung and heart, mainly related to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenic cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of allicin on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered allicin (15, 30 and 45 mg · kg-1 · day-1 ) via daily intra-gastric gavage for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), lipid and 24 h urine albumin excretion (UAE) were measured at the end of weeks 4, 8 and 12. The renal histopathology and the expression levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were measured using immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting. RESULTS In 12 week STZ-induced diabetic rats, severe hyperglycemia and albuminuria were markedly developed. Treatment with allicin for 12 weeks ameliorated diabetes-induced morphological alterations of the kidney and decreased FBG, BUN, sCr, triglyceride (TG) and 24 h UAE in diabetic rats. The expression levels of collagen I, TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly decreased by allicin treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that allicin may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy via the TGF-β1/ERK pathway in diabetic rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hexin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Tianfeng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Rabieian R, Abedi M, Gheisari Y. Central Nodes in Protein Interaction Networks Drive Critical Functions in Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Stimulated Kidney Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 18:514-531. [PMID: 28042536 PMCID: PMC5086330 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Despite the huge efforts, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as an unsolved problem in medicine. Many studies have shown a central role for transforming
growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) and its downstream signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of CKD. In this study, we have reanalyzed a microarray dataset to recognize critical
signaling pathways controlled by TGFβ-1.
Materials and Methods This study is a bioinformatics reanalysis for a microarray data. The
GSE23338 dataset was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database
which assesses the mRNA expression profile of TGFβ-1 treated human kidney cells after 24
and 48 hours incubation. The protein interaction networks for differentially expressed (DE)
genes in both time points were constructed and enriched. In addition, by network topology
analysis, genes with high centrality were identified and then pathway enrichment analysis
was performed with either the total network genes or with the central nodes.
Results We found 110 and 170 genes differentially expressed in the time points 24 and 48
hours, respectively. As the genes in each time point had few interactions, the networks were
enriched by adding previously known genes interacting with the differentially expressed ones.
In terms of degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality parameters 62 and 60 nodes were
considered to be central in the enriched networks of 24 hours and 48 hours treatment, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis with the central nodes was more informative than those
with all network nodes or even initial DE genes, revealing key signaling pathways.
Conclusion We here introduced a method for the analysis of microarray data that integrates
the expression pattern of genes with their topological properties in protein interaction networks.
This holistic novel approach allows extracting knowledge from raw bulk omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Rabieian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abedi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Lab, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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81
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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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82
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Amygdalin inhibits HSC-T6 cell proliferation and fibrosis through the regulation of TGF-β/CTGF. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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83
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Li X, Nania S, Fejzibegovic N, Moro CF, Klopp-Schulze L, Verbeke C, Löhr JM, Heuchel RL. Cerulein-induced pancreatic fibrosis is modulated by Smad7, the major negative regulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1839-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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84
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TGF-β1/Smads and miR-21 in Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8319283. [PMID: 27610006 PMCID: PMC5005604 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8319283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, irrespective of its etiology, is a final common stage of almost all chronic kidney diseases. Increased apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inflammatory cell infiltration characterize the injured kidney. On the molecular level, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad3 signaling pathway plays a central role in fibrotic kidney disease. Recent findings indicate the prominent role of microRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression through the posttranscriptional repression of their target mRNAs, in different pathologic conditions, including renal pathophysiology. miR-21 was also shown to play a dynamic role in inflammatory responses and in accelerating injury responses to promote organ failure and fibrosis. Understanding the cellular and molecular bases of miR-21 involvement in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including inflammatory reaction, could be crucial for their early diagnosis. Moreover, the possibility of influencing miR-21 level by specific antagomirs may be considered as an approach for treatment of renal diseases.
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85
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Dai XY, Zhou L, Huang XR, Fu P, Lan HY. Smad7 protects against chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11930-44. [PMID: 25883225 PMCID: PMC4494914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive chronic kidney disease related to herb medicine. However, treatment for chronic AAN remains ineffective. We report here that Smad7 is protective and has therapeutic potential for chronic AAN. In a mouse model of chronic AAN, progressive renal injury was associated with a loss of renal Smad7 and disruption of Smad7 largely aggravated the severity of chronic AAN as demonstrated by a significant increase in levels of 24-hour urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, and progressive renal fibrosis and inflammation. In contrast, restored Smad7 locally in the kidneys of Smad7 knockout mice prevented the progression of chronic AAN. Further studies revealed that worsen chronic AAN in Smad7 knockout mice was associated with enhanced activation of TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which was reversed when renal Smad7 was restored. Importantly, we also found that overexpression of Smad7 locally in the kidneys with established chronic AAN was capable of attenuating progressive chronic AAN by inactivating TGF-β/Smad3-medated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation. In conclusion, Smad7 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of chronic AAN and overexpression of Smad7 may represent a novel therapeutic potential for chronic AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Dai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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86
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Jiang K, Chun G, Wang Z, Du Q, Wang A, Xiong Y. Effect of transforming growth factor-β3 on the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 in tenocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3567-73. [PMID: 26935007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon adhesion is a common problem in the healing of injured tendons. The molecular mechanisms of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway have been determined, and the role of TGF-β has been well characterized in wound healing. However, the intracellular mechanism or downstream signals by which TGF-β3 modulates its effects on tendon healing have not been well elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TGF‑β3 on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in tenocytes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to analyze the effect of TGF‑β3 on the regulation of the expression of Smad proteins in tenocytes. The results demonstrated that TGF‑β3 has no significant effect on the proliferation of tendon cells. The addition of TGF‑β3 to tenocytes can significantly downregulate the expression of Smad3 and upregulate the expression of Smad7 at the gene and protein levels. The results demonstrate that TGF‑β3 may regulate Smad3 and Smad7 proteins through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to minimize extrinsic scarring. Thus, it may provide a novel approach to decrease tendon adhesion and promote tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Guo Chun
- Department of Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Quanyin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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87
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Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Smads Signaling Pathway in Intrauterine Adhesion. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4158287. [PMID: 26997760 PMCID: PMC4779532 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4158287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of Smad3, Smad7, and TGF-β1 in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) patients and experimental rabbit models. 60 IUA patients, 30 control participants, and 18 female rabbits were enrolled in this study. We found that the plasma concentrations and protein expressions of TGF-β1 were significantly increased in patients and experimental rabbits compared to those in controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad3 were significantly elevated, while Smad7 level was markedly decreased in the patients and experimental rabbits compared with controls (P < 0.05). This altered ratio recommended that IUA was positively correlated to the mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad3, Smad7, and TGF-β1 in blood and uterine tissue. Moreover, we used the specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) in experimental rabbit. SIS3 obviously reduced the mRNA and protein expression of smad3 and TGF-β1, while it increased Smad7 expression in the treatment groups as compared with IUA rabbits (P < 0.05). Our study suggested that TGF-β1/Smad3/smad7 is a major pathway which plays an important role in the regulation of the IUA and specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) may provide a new therapeutic strategy for IUA.
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88
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Hong F, Wu N, Ge Y, Zhou Y, Shen T, Qiang Q, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wang Y, Wang L, Hong J. Nanosized titanium dioxide resulted in the activation of TGF-β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway in renal inflammation and fibration of mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1452-61. [PMID: 26850371 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to damage the kidneys. However, whether chronic nephritis leads to renal fibration or the fibrosis is associated with the activation of TGF-β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway caused by TiO2 NPs exposure is not well understood. Forty male mice were separately exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 6 months. Renal biochemical functions and levels of TGF-β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway-related markers and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in the kidneys were investigated. The findings showed that subchronic TiO2 NPs exposure increased levels of urinary creatisix (Cr), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and vanin-1, resulted in severe renal inflammation and fibration. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure upregulated expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 0.07- to 2.72-fold), Smad2 (0.42- to 1.63-fold), Smad3 (0.02- to 1.94-fold), ECM (0.15- to 2.75-fold), α-smooth muscle actin (0.14- to 3.06-fold), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, 0.11- to 3.78-fold), and nuclear factor-κB (0.4- to 2.27-fold), and downregulated Smad7 (0.05- to 0.61-fold) expression in mouse kidney. Subchronic TiO2 NPs exposure induced changes of renal characteristics towards inflammation and fibration may be mediated via TGF-β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway, and the uses of TiO2 NPs should be carried out cautiously, especially in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1452-1461, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - N Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Y Ge
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - T Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Q Qiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - M Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Y Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.,School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - L Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - J Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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89
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Zhao T, Sun S, Zhang H, Huang X, Yan M, Dong X, Wen Y, Wang H, Lan HY, Li P. Therapeutic Effects of Tangshen Formula on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147693. [PMID: 26807792 PMCID: PMC4726711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are essential promoters in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes. The present study examined the anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis effect of Tangshen Formula (TSF), a traditional Chinese medicine, on DN. Research Design and Methods Protective role of TSF in DN was examined in a rat model of type 2 DN that was established by high-fat diet-fed and low-dose-streptozotocin injection. TSF was suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and delivered by oral gavage at a dosage of 1.67g/Kg body weight/day. The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TSF on diabetic kidney injury were examined. Results We found that TSF treatment for 20 weeks attenuated DN by significantly inhibiting urinary excretion of albumin and renal histological injuries. These beneficial effects were associated with an inactivation of NF-κB signaling, thereby blocking the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα), chemokine (MCP-1), and macrophage infiltration in the TSF-treated rats with type 2 DN. In addition, TSF treatment also inactivated TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and therefore suppressed renal fibrosis including expressions of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. Further studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of TSF on TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling in DN was associated with inhibition of Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin degradation of Smad7. Conclusions The present study reveals that TSF has therapeutic potential for type 2 DN in rats. Blockade of NF-κB-driven renal inflammation and TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by preventing the Smurf2-mediated Smad7 degradation pathway may be mechanisms through which TSF inhibits type 2 DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - SiFan Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - HaoJun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoRu Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - MeiHua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YuMin Wen
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (PL); (HL)
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PL); (HL)
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90
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Xu F, Liu C, Zhou D, Zhang L. TGF-β/SMAD Pathway and Its Regulation in Hepatic Fibrosis. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:157-67. [PMID: 26747705 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415627681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a key member in the TGF-β superfamily, plays a critical role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in affected organs, which correlates with increased extracellular matrix deposition. SMAD proteins have been studied extensively as pivotal intracellular effectors of TGF-β1, acting as transcription factors. In the context of hepatic fibrosis, SMAD3 and SMAD4 are pro-fibrotic, whereas SMAD2 and SMAD7 are protective. Deletion of SMAD3 inhibits type I collagen expression and blocks epithelial-myofibroblast transition. In contrast, disruption of SMAD2 upregulates type I collagen expression. SMAD4 plays an essential role in fibrosis disease by enhancing SMAD3 responsive promoter activity, whereas SMAD7 negatively mediates SMAD3-induced fibrogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that divergent miRNAs participate in the liver fibrotic process, which partially regulates members of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β/SMAD and other relative signaling pathways, and discussed the role and molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, we address the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches to hepatic fibrosis by targeting to TGF-β/SMAD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Xu
- School of Pharmacy (FX, DZ, LZ),Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, ChinaInstitute for Liver Diseases (FX, DZ, LZ)
| | - Changwei Liu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (CL)
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy (FX, DZ, LZ),Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, ChinaInstitute for Liver Diseases (FX, DZ, LZ)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy (FX, DZ, LZ),Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, ChinaInstitute for Liver Diseases (FX, DZ, LZ)
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91
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Sureshbabu A, Muhsin SA, Choi ME. TGF-β signaling in the kidney: profibrotic and protective effects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F596-F606. [PMID: 26739888 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is generally considered as a central mediator of fibrotic diseases. Indeed, much focus has been placed on inhibiting TGF-β and its downstream targets as ideal therapeutic strategies. However, pharmacological blockade of TGF-β has not yet translated into successful therapy for humans, which may be due to pleiotropic effects of TGF-β signaling. Equally, TGF-β signaling as a protective response in kidney injury has been relatively underexplored. An emerging body of evidence from experimental kidney disease models indicates multifunctionality of TGF-β capable of inducing profibrotic and protective effects. This review discusses recent advances highlighting the diverse roles of TGF-β in promoting not only renal fibrosis but also protective responses of TGF-β signaling. We review, in particular, growing evidence that supports protective effects of TGF-β by mechanisms which include inhibiting inflammation and induction of autophagy. Additional detailed studies are required to fully understand the diverse mechanisms of TGF-β actions in renal fibrosis and inflammation that will likely direct toward effective antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Sureshbabu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Saif A Muhsin
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and .,New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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92
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Ciszek BP, Khan AA, Dang H, Slade GD, Smith S, Bair E, Maixner W, Zolnoun D, Nackley AG. MicroRNA expression profiles differentiate chronic pain condition subtypes. Transl Res 2015; 166:706-720.e11. [PMID: 26166255 PMCID: PMC4656098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant health care problem, ineffectively treated because of its unclear etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of pain-relevant genes, yet little is known about their role in chronic pain. Here, we evaluate the relationship among pain, psychological characteristics, plasma cytokines, and whole blood miRNAs in 22 healthy controls (HCs); 33 subjects with chronic pelvic pain (vestibulodynia, VBD); and 23 subjects with VBD and irritable bowel syndrome (VBD + IBS). VBD subjects were similar to HCs in self-reported pain, psychological profiles, and remote bodily pain. VBD + IBS subjects reported decreased health and function; and an increase in headaches, somatization, and remote bodily pain. Furthermore, VBD subjects exhibited a balance in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas VBD + IBS subjects failed to exhibit a compensatory increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. VBD subjects differed from controls in expression of 10 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain and estrogen signaling. VBD + IBS subjects differed from controls in expression of 11 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain, cell physiology, and insulin signaling. miRNA expression was correlated with pain-relevant phenotypes and cytokine levels. These results suggest that miRNAs represent a valuable tool for differentiating VBD subtypes (localized pain with apparent peripheral neurosensory disruption vs widespread pain with a central sensory contribution) that may require different treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney P Ciszek
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Asma A Khan
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hong Dang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shad Smith
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric Bair
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denniz Zolnoun
- Pelvic Pain Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
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93
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Guan Y, Wu XX, Duan JL, Yin Y, Guo C, Wei G, Wang YH, Zhu YR, Weng Y, Xi MM, Wen AD. Effects and Mechanism of Combination of Rhein and Danshensu in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1381-400. [PMID: 26503560 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a systemic role in disease treatment, targeting multiple etiological factors simultaneously. Based on clinical experience, rhubarb and Salvia miltiorrhiza are commonly prescribed together for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been proven to be very effective. However, the rationale of the combination remains unclear. The major active ingredients of these two herbs are rhein (RH) and danshensu (DSS), respectively. The aim of this paper is to investigate the renoprotective effects of RH and DSS in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanism. A total of 5/6 nephrectomy rats and HK-2 cells were subjected to chronic renal injury. The combination of RH and DSS conferred a protective effect, as shown by a significant improvement in the renal function, blood supply, and fibrotic degree. Proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were suppressed by RH and DSS through NK-κB signaling. The combination also inhibited apoptosis by up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax. Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway was at least in part involved in the antifibrotic mechanism of the combination treatment of RH and DSS. This study demonstrates for the first time the renoprotective effect and the mechanism of RH and DSS combination on chronic renal injury. It could provide experimental evidence to support the rationality of the combinatorial use of TCM in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Duan
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guo Wei
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Weng
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Xi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
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94
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu S, Li C, Wang J. Role of Smad signaling in kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1965-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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95
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Husain K, Suarez E, Isidro A, Hernandez W, Ferder L. Effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on renal inflammation/oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:240-248. [PMID: 26322179 PMCID: PMC4549765 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on renal inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-knock out mice.
METHODS: Animals treated for 4 mo as group (1) ApoE-knock out plus vehicle, group (2) ApoE-knock out plus paricalcitol (200 ng thrice a week), (3) ApoE-knock out plus enalapril (30 mg/L), (4) ApoE-knock out plus paricalcitol plus enalapril and (5) normal. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded using tail cuff method. The kidneys were isolated for biochemical assays using spectrophotometer and Western blot analyses.
RESULTS: ApoE-deficient mice developed high BP (127 ± 3 mmHg) and it was ameliorated by enalapril and enalapril plus paricalcitol treatments but not with paricalcitol alone. Renal malondialdehyde concentrations, p22phox, manganese-superoxide dismutase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-β1 levels significantly elevated but reduced glutathione, CuZn-SOD and eNOS levels significantly depleted in ApoE-knock out animals compared to normal. Administration of paricalcitol, enalapril and combined together ameliorated the renal inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-knock out animals.
CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol and enalapril combo treatment ameliorates renal inflammation as well as oxidative stress in atherosclerotic animals.
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TGF-Beta Blockade Increases Renal Inflammation Caused by the C-Terminal Module of the CCN2. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:506041. [PMID: 26074680 PMCID: PMC4436472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family member 2 (CCN2, also known as
connective tissue growth factor) may behave as a risk
biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for renal
disease. CCN2 participates in the regulation of
inflammation and fibrosis. TGF-β is considered
the main fibrogenic cytokine; however, in some
pathological settings TGF-β also has
anti-inflammatory properties. CCN2 has been proposed
as a downstream profibrotic mediator of TGF-β,
but data on TGF-β role in CCN2 actions are
scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of
TGF-β blockade in CCN2-mediated experimental
renal damage. Systemic administration of the
C-terminal module of CCN2 to mice caused sustained
renal inflammation. In these mice, TGF-β
blockade, using an anti-TGF-β neutralizing
antibody, significantly increased renal expression of
the NGAL (a kidney injury biomarker), kidney
infiltration by monocytes/macrophages, and
upregulation of MCP-1 expression. The
anti-inflammatory effect of TGF-β seems to be
mediated by a dysregulation of the systemic Treg
immune response, shown by decreased levels of
circulating CD4+/Foxp3+Treg
cells. Our experimental data support the idea that
TGF-β exerts anti-inflammatory actions in the
kidney and suggest that it is not an optimal
therapeutic target.
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97
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Wang DT, Huang RH, Cheng X, Zhang ZH, Yang YJ, Lin X. Tanshinone IIA attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation via altering expression of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathway in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:4-12. [PMID: 25744602 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In traditional Chinese medicine, Tanshinone IIA is used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its biological activity and mechanism of action in renal fibrosis and inflammation are not fully identified. The current study was conducted to determine the effects of Tanshinone IIA treatment on CKD by assessing potential modulation of the TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS CKD was produced in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. They were then divided into the following groups: control (sham operation); CKD (5/6 nephrectomy); 5/6 nephrectomy+Tanshinone IIA (10mg/kg in average, once a day for 16 weeks). Serum and urine samples were obtained from animals in each group, and serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and 24h urinary protein excretion were measured. Tissue samples from the kidney were used for morphometric studies (Masson's trichrome). The expression of fibronectin protein and collagen types I, III, IV, and TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, MCP-1, RANTES mRNA were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis; the TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathway was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The following effects were observed in CKD rats treated with Tanshinone IIA: (1) marked improvements in Scr, and 24h urine protein excretion; (2) significant reductions in protein and mRNA levels of fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV and TNF-α, MCP-1, and CXCL-1; (3) significantly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling activation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Tanshinone IIA suppresses renal fibrosis and inflammation via altering expression of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB pathway in the remnant kidney, thus supporting the potential of Tanshinone IIA as a new therapeutic agent for slowing the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China.
| | - Ren-Hua Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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98
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that regulate most of important cellular processes by inhibiting gene expression through the post-transcriptional repression of their target mRNAs. In kidneys, miRNAs have been associated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. Results from clinical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that miRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is recognized as a major mediator of renal fibrosis because it is able to stimulate the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to impair normal kidney function. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrate the relationship between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs expression during renal diseases. TGF-β regulates expression of several microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-192, miR-200, miR-433, and miR-29. MiR-21, miR-192, and miR-433 which are positively induced by TGF-β signaling play a pathological role in kidney diseases. In contrast, members in both miR-29 and miR-200 families which are inhibited by TGF-β signaling protect kidneys from renal fibrosis by suppressing the deposition of ECM and preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Clinically, the presence of miRNAs in blood and urine has been examined to be early biomarkers for detecting renal diseases. From experimental animal studies of CKD, targeting microRNAs also provides evidence about therapeutic potential of miRNAs during renal diseases. Now, it comes to the stage to examine the exact mechanisms of miRNAs during the initiation and progression of renal diseases. Therefore, determining the function of miRNAs in renal fibrosis may facilitate the development of both early diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C-K Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, China ; HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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99
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Li TT, Zhang XH, Jing JF, Li X, Yang XQ, Zhu FH, Tang W, Zuo JP. Artemisinin analogue SM934 ameliorates the proteinuria and renal fibrosis in rat experimental membranous nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:188-99. [PMID: 25619396 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM SM934 is a novel water-soluble artemisinin derivative with immunoregulatory activities that has been used to treat murine lupus nephritis. In the current study, we investigated the effects of SM934 on rat experimental membranous nephropathy. METHODS Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) was induced in SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Fx1A serum. The rats were orally administered SM934 (12.5 and 25 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or prednisolone (5 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 28 d. Blood and urine sample, and kidney tissue were collected for analyses. Human complement C3a-induced injury of HK-2 cells was used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS Treatment of PHN rats with SM934 or prednisolone attenuated the progression of glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis, as evidenced by the reduced level of proteinuria and circulating antibodies, as well as by the reduced immune complex deposition, reversed podocyte injuries, and attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the kidneys. Furthermore, the two drugs suppressed TGF-β1 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and increased Smad7 expression in the kidneys. The two doses of SM934 produced almost identical therapeutic effects on PHN rats. Pretreatment with SM934 or a C3a receptor antagonist blocked the C3a-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells in vitro. CONCLUSION SM934 ameliorates kidney injury and attenuates the tubulointerstitial fibrosis in PHN rats by down-regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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100
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Tang YJ, Xiao J, Huang XR, Zhang Y, Yang C, Meng XM, Feng YL, Wang XJ, Hui DSC, Yu CM, Lan HY. Latent transforming growth factor-β1 protects against bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:761-71. [PMID: 24885478 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0423oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a potent mediator known to induce lung fibrosis. However, the role of latent TGF-β1 in lung inflammation and fibrosis is unclear. To investigate the role of circulating latent TGF-β1 in bleomycin-induced lung injury, lung disease was induced in keratin-5 promoter-driven TGF-β1(wt) transgenic (Tg) mice by bleomycin. The role of latent TGF-β1 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was examined at Days 7 and 28 after administration of bleomycin. Compared with littermate wild-type (WT) mice, TGF-β1(wt) Tg mice had over twofold-higher levels of latent TGF-β1 in both plasma and lung tissue, and were protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation, such as up-regulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and infiltration of CD3(+) T cells and F4/80(+) macrophages. In addition, the severity of lung fibrosis with massive collagen matrix accumulation was markedly reduced in TGF-β1(wt) Tg mice. These protective effects were associated with higher levels of Smad7 and inactivation of both NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways, in addition to an increase in forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-dependent regulatory T cells, but inhibition of T helper 17-mediated lung injury. In summary, mice overexpressing latent TGF-β1 are protected from bleomycin-induced lung injury. Triggering the Smad7 negative feedback mechanism to inhibit both NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways, and enhancing the regulatory T cell response to counter-regulate T helper 17-mediated lung injury, are potential mechanisms by which latent TGF-β1 protects against bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Tang
- 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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