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Realization of Osteolysis, Angiogenesis, Immunosuppression, and Drug Resistance by Extracellular Vesicles: Roles of RNAs and Proteins in Their Cargoes and of Ectonucleotidases of the Immunosuppressive Adenosinergic Noncanonical Pathway in the Bone Marrow Niche of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122969. [PMID: 34199285 PMCID: PMC8231946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease that extensively involves bone, and angiogenesis and immunosuppression are important processes in the development of MM. Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs remarkably improve the survival of MM patients. However, MM is still an incurable disease that rapidly becomes resistant to these drugs. There is robust evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to cancer metastasis. Osteoclasts, in addition to immunosuppressive cells in the bone marrow (BM), are key players in osteolysis and immunosuppression. BM stromal cells and MM cells secrete EVs through which they communicate with each other: EVs, in fact, contain proteins, small RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that mediate this communication and contribute to angiogenesis, osteolysis, and cancer dissemination and drug resistance. Ectoenzymes are expressed in myeloma cells, osteoclasts, and stromal cells and produce immunosuppressive adenosine. Recently, an antibody targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme, has been shown to improve the survival of patients with MM. Thus, understanding the properties of EV and ectoenzymes will help elucidate key processes of MM development. Abstract Angiogenesis and immunosuppression promote multiple myeloma (MM) development, and osteolysis is a primary feature of MM. Although immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) markedly improve the survival of patients with MM, this disease remains incurable. In the bone marrow niche, a chain of ectoenzymes, including CD38, produce immunosuppressive adenosine, inhibiting T cell proliferation as well as immunosuppressive cells. Therefore, anti-CD38 antibodies targeting myeloma cells have the potential to restore T cell responses to myeloma cells. Meanwhile extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, proteins such as cytokines and chemokines, long noncoding RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs have been shown to act as communication tools in myeloma cell/microenvironment interactions. Via EVs, mesenchymal stem cells allow myeloma cell dissemination and confer PI resistance, whereas myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, myeloid-derived suppressor cell proliferation, and osteoclast differentiation and inhibit osteoblast differentiation. In this review, to understand key processes of MM development involving communication between myeloma cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, EV cargo and the non-canonical adenosinergic pathway are introduced, and ectoenzymes and EVs are discussed as potential druggable targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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Mynott RL, Wallington-Beddoe CT. Drug and Solute Transporters in Mediating Resistance to Novel Therapeutics in Multiple Myeloma. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1050-1065. [PMID: 34151200 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Novel therapies, notably proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, have improved the survival of multiple myeloma patients; however, patients either present with, or develop resistance to, these therapies. Resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents can be caused by cellular drug efflux via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, but it is still not clear whether these transporters mediate resistance to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters also play a role in cancer drug resistance due to changes in cell homeostasis caused by their abnormal expression and changes in the solutes they transport. In this review, we evaluate resistance to novel therapies used to treat multiple myeloma, as mediated by drug and solute transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Mynott
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Wang X, He L, Huang X, Zhang S, Cao W, Che F, Zhu Y, Dai J. Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071635. [PMID: 33915822 PMCID: PMC8037106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), some exosomes act on different cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, which can create an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. In addition, due to the abnormal expression of cargos in the exosomes of MM patients, exosomes may help with the diagnosis and prognosis of MM. In contrast to traditional nanomaterials, exosomes exhibit very good safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability, which shows their potential for delivering anti-cancer drugs and cancer vaccines. Given the research in recent decades, exosomes are becoming increasingly relevant to MM. Although exosomes have not been applied in the clinic for help with diagnosing, prognosticating or providing therapy for MM, they are very promising for clinical applications concerning MM, which will possibly materialize in the near future. Therefore, this review is worth reading for further understanding of the important roles of exosomes in MM.. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM therapies. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in the tumor-supportive BMM. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that can be released by various cells. Some exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. MM-derived exosomes act on different cells in the BMM, thereby creating an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. Owing to the important roles of exosomes in the BMM, targeting the secretion of exosomes may become an effective therapeutic strategy for MM. In addition, the abnormal expression of “cargos” in the exosomes of MM patients may be used to diagnose MM or used as part of a screen for the early prognoses of MM patients. Exosomes also have good biological properties, including safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability. Therefore, the encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs in exosomes, along with surface modifications of exosomes with targeting molecules, are very promising strategies for cancer therapies—particularly for MM. In addition, DC-derived exosomes (DC-EXs) can express MHC-I, MHC-II and T cell costimulatory molecules. Therefore, DC-EXs may be used as a nanocarrier to deliver cancer vaccines in MM. This review summarizes the recent progress of exosome research regarding the pathogenesis of, diagnosis of, prognosis of and therapeutic strategies for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Lin He
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Wanjun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China;
| | - Feifei Che
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-15756317270 (J.D.)
| | - Jingying Dai
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-15756317270 (J.D.)
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Müller LME, Migneco G, Scott GB, Down J, King S, Askar B, Jennings V, Oyajobi B, Scott K, West E, Ralph C, Samson A, Ilett EJ, Muthana M, Coffey M, Melcher A, Parrish C, Cook G, Lawson M, Errington-Mais F. Reovirus-induced cell-mediated immunity for the treatment of multiple myeloma within the resistant bone marrow niche. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001803. [PMID: 33741729 PMCID: PMC7986878 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and oncolytic viruses offer a well-tolerated addition to the therapeutic arsenal. Oncolytic reovirus has progressed to phase I clinical trials and its direct lytic potential has been extensively studied. However, to date, the role for reovirus-induced immunotherapy against MM, and the impact of the bone marrow (BM) niche, have not been reported. METHODS This study used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and in vitro co-culture of MM cells and BM stromal cells to recapitulate the resistant BM niche. Additionally, the 5TGM1-Kalw/RijHSD immunocompetent in vivo model was used to examine reovirus efficacy and characterize reovirus-induced immune responses in the BM and spleen following intravenous administration. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo models were used to characterize the development of innate and adaptive antimyeloma immunity following reovirus treatment. RESULTS Using the 5TGM1-Kalw/RijHSD immunocompetent in vivo model we have demonstrated that reovirus reduces both MM tumor burden and myeloma-induced bone disease. Furthermore, detailed immune characterization revealed that reovirus: (i) increased natural killer (NK) cell and CD8+ T cell numbers; (ii) activated NK cells and CD8+ T cells and (iii) upregulated effector-memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, increased effector-memory CD8+ T cells correlated with decreased tumor burden. Next, we explored the potential for reovirus-induced immunotherapy using human co-culture models to mimic the myeloma-supportive BM niche. MM cells co-cultured with BM stromal cells displayed resistance to reovirus-induced oncolysis and bystander cytokine-killing but remained susceptible to killing by reovirus-activated NK cells and MM-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION These data highlight the importance of reovirus-induced immunotherapy for targeting MM cells within the BM niche and suggest that combination with agents which boost antitumor immune responses should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M E Müller
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Migneco
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gina B Scott
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jenny Down
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sancha King
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Basem Askar
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Victoria Jennings
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Babatunde Oyajobi
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Scott
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Emma West
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christy Ralph
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adel Samson
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Ilett
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Gordon Cook
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fiona Errington-Mais
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Lamanuzzi A, Saltarella I, Frassanito MA, Ribatti D, Melaccio A, Desantis V, Solimando AG, Ria R, Vacca A. Thrombopoietin Promotes Angiogenesis and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:748-758. [PMID: 33516787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) progression closely depends on bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis. Several factors sustain angiogenesis, including cytokines, growth factors, and cell-to-cell interactions. Herein, BM thrombopoietin (TPO) was shown to support angiogenesis and disease progression in MM. Patients with MM at different progression phases had higher levels of BM and circulating TPO than monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance/smoldering MM patients, suggesting that TPO correlates with disease progression and prognosis. Endothelial cells from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGECs) and endothelial cells from MM (MMECs) expressed TPO receptor, and the TPO treatment triggered their angiogenic capabilities in vitro. Indeed, TPO-treated MGECs and MMECs showed enhanced angiogenesis on Matrigel and spontaneous cell migration and chemotaxis by acting as a chemotactic agent. TPO also had an angiogenic activity in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane assay system. Finally, TPO treatment increased the release of active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 in MGECs and of MMP-2 in MMECs and affected the balance between angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in the MM BM. Our results support the angiogenic activity of TPO, and suggest that it may have a critical role in promoting the angiogenic switch during MM progression. Accordingly, TPO may be envisaged as a new angiogenic and prognostic factor in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Melaccio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio G Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Ren Z, Lantermans H, Kuil A, Kraan W, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Kersten MJ, Spaargaren M, Pals ST. The CXCL12gamma chemokine immobilized by heparan sulfate on stromal niche cells controls adhesion and mediates drug resistance in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:11. [PMID: 33436043 PMCID: PMC7802348 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells in the bone marrow (BM) critically depend on interaction with stromal cells expressing the chemokine CXCL12. CXCL12 regulates the homing to the BM niche by mediating the transendothelial migration and adhesion/retention of the MM cells. The gamma isoform of CXCL12 (CXCL12γ) has been reported to be highly expressed in mouse BM and to show enhanced biological activity compared to the ‘common’ CXCL12α isoform, mediated by its unique extended C-terminal domain, which binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) with an extraordinary high affinity.
Here, we investigated the expression of CXCL12γ in human BM and studied its functional role in the interaction of MM cells with BM stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods We assessed CXCL12γ mRNA and protein expression by human BMSCs using qPCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. CRISPR-Cas9 was employed to delete CXCL12γ and the heparan sulfate (HS) co-polymerase EXT1 in BMSCs. To study the functional roles of BMSC-derived CXCL12γ and HSPGs in the interaction of MM cells with BMSCs cells, MM cell lines and primary MM cells were co-cultured with BMSCs. Results We observed that CXCL12γ is expressed in situ by reticular stromal cells in both normal and MM BM, as well as by primary BMSC isolates and BMSC lines. Importantly, upon secretion, CXCL12γ, unlike the CXCL12α isoform, was retained on the surface of BMSCs. This membrane retention of CXCL12γ is HSPG mediated, since it was completely annulated by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the HS co-polymerase EXT1. CXCL12γ expressed by BMSCs and membrane-retained by HSPGs supported robust adhesion of MM cells to the BMSCs. Specific genetic deletion of either CXCL12γ or EXT1 significantly attenuated the ability of BMSCs to support MM cell adhesion and, in addition, impaired their capacity to protect MM cells from bortezomib-induced cell death. Conclusions We show that CXCL12γ is expressed by human BMSCs and upon secretion is retained on their cell surface by HSPGs. The membrane-bound CXCL12γ controls adhesion of MM cells to the stromal niche and mediates drug resistance. These findings designate CXCL12γ and associated HSPGs as partners in mediating MM–niche interaction and as potential therapeutic targets in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ren
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo Lantermans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Kuil
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Kraan
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam - LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Song Y, Hu N, Song X, Yang J. Hsa_Circ_0007841 Enhances Multiple Myeloma Chemotherapy Resistance Through Upregulating ABCG2. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 19:1533033820928371. [PMID: 32552614 PMCID: PMC7307286 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820928371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current researches have reported that circular RNA is an important regulatory
factor in the progression of various human disease. However, the function and
mechanism of most circular RNAs remain unknown in cancers including multiple
myeloma. Our study has confirmed that hsa_circ_0007841 is up regulated in U266
doxorubicin resistant cells (U266R) and 8226 doxorubicin resistant cells (8226R)
compared to U266 parent cells (U266P) and 8226 parent cells (8226P). Silence of
hsa_circ_0007841 in U266R and 8226R could reduce the half-maximal inhibitory
concentration which indicated reduction in chemoresistance. In doxorubicin
resistant cells, the messenger RNA and protein level of ATP-binding cassette
transporters G2 increased. Silence of hsa_circ_0007841 in drug resistant cells
could decrease both the messenger RNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette
transporters G2; reexpression of hsa_circ_0007841 could block the reduction.
However, overexpression of hsa_circ_0007841 could effectively upregulate the
ATP-binding cassette transporters G2 messenger RNA and protein level. Inhibition
of ATP-binding cassette transporters G2 could block hsa_circ_0007841
overexpression induced chemoresistance in U266P and 8226P cells. What’s more,
inhibition of ATP-binding cassette transporters G2 could reduce differences of
half-maximal inhibitory concentration between parent cell lines and
drug-resistant cell lines. Our data collectively suggest a new model in which
hsa_circ_0007841 promotes acquired chemotherapy resistance by upregulating
ATP-binding cassette transporters G2 providing a novel molecular basis of
chemotherapy in multiple myeloma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Hubei, China
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Figueroa-Vazquez V, Ko J, Breunig C, Baumann A, Giesen N, Pálfi A, Müller C, Lutz C, Hechler T, Kulke M, Müller-Tidow C, Krämer A, Goldschmidt H, Pahl A, Raab MS. HDP-101, an Anti-BCMA Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Safely Delivers Amanitin to Induce Cell Death in Proliferating and Resting Multiple Myeloma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:367-378. [PMID: 33298585 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite major treatment advances in recent years, patients with multiple myeloma inevitably relapse. The RNA polymerase II complex has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in both proliferating and dormant cancer cells. Alpha-amanitin, a toxin so far without clinical application due to high liver toxicity, specifically inhibits this complex. Here, we describe the development of HDP-101, an anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibody conjugated with an amanitin derivative. HDP-101 displayed high efficacy against both proliferating and resting myeloma cells in vitro, sparing BCMA-negative cells. In subcutaneous and disseminated murine xenograft models, HDP-101 induced tumor regression at low doses, including durable complete remissions after a single intravenous dose. In cynomolgus monkeys, HDP-101 was well tolerated with a promising therapeutic index. In conclusion, HDP-101 safely and selectively delivers amanitin to myeloma cells and provides a novel therapeutic approach to overcome drug resistance in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianihuini Figueroa-Vazquez
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Ko
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Baumann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Giesen
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anikó Pálfi
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Ladenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Ladenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc S Raab
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Annese T, Tamma R, De Giorgis M, Ribatti D. microRNAs Biogenesis, Functions and Role in Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581007. [PMID: 33330058 PMCID: PMC7729128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, evolutionary conserved. They target more than one mRNAs, thus influencing multiple molecular pathways, but also mRNAs may bind to a variety of miRNAs, either simultaneously or in a context-dependent manner. miRNAs biogenesis, including miRNA transcription, processing by Drosha and Dicer, transportation, RISC biding, and miRNA decay, are finely controlled in space and time. miRNAs are critical regulators in various biological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development in both health and disease. Their dysregulation is involved in tumor initiation and progression. In tumors, they can act as onco-miRNAs or oncosuppressor-miRNA participating in distinct cellular pathways, and the same miRNA can perform both activities depending on the context. In tumor progression, the angiogenic switch is fundamental. miRNAs derived from tumor cells, endothelial cells, and cells of the surrounding microenvironment regulate tumor angiogenesis, acting as pro-angiomiR or anti-angiomiR. In this review, we described miRNA biogenesis and function, and we update the non-classical aspects of them. The most recent role in the nucleus, as transcriptional gene regulators and the different mechanisms by which they could be dysregulated, in tumor initiation and progression, are treated. In particular, we describe the role of miRNAs in sprouting angiogenesis, vessel co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. The role of miRNAs in lymphoma angiogenesis is also discussed despite the scarcity of data. The information presented in this review reveals the need to do much more to discover the complete miRNA network regulating angiogenesis, not only using high-throughput computational analysis approaches but also morphological ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelina De Giorgis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Liu Z, Xiang C, Han M, Meng N, Luo J, Fu R. Study on Tim3 Regulation of Multiple Myeloma Cell Proliferation via NF-κB Signal Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584530. [PMID: 33330064 PMCID: PMC7710973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As an important negative regulatory factor of immunological cells, Tim3 plays a regulating role in tumor immune microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Tim3 on MM cells and its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells, as well as its potential mechanism. Methods In this study, the expression of Tim3 was detected on myeloma cells (CD38+CD138+ cells) of bone marrow by flow cytometry (FCM) from 167 patients with MM and 51 healthy donors as controls and making correlation analysis with related clinical indexes. In vitro, MM cell lines (RPMI-8226 and U266) were treated with Tim3 knock-down alone, bortezomib alone and combination of Tim3 knock-down and bortezomib, then cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and downstream signaling pathway were detected by CCK-8, FCM, RT-PCR and western blot. Results The expression of Tim3 on myeloma cells in MM patients was significantly higher than normal control group and positively correlated with β2 microglobulin, creatine, and plasma cells of bone marrow, negatively correlated with hemoglobin and red blood cells. In vitro, we validated the high expression of Tim3 in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. After Tim3 knock-down, the cell proliferation was inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced, the relative mRNA and protein expression of Tim3 and NF-κB signal pathway (PI3K, AKT, mTOR, NF-κB) were significantly decreased. Also, the cell proliferation was inhibited, cell apoptosis was increased, the relative mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB were decreased significantly in combination group than bortezomib or Tim3 knock-down group. Conclusions The high expression of Tim3 on MM cells is associated with progression of MM patients. Tim3 maybe regulate the proliferation of MM cells via NF-κB signal pathway. Down-regulation of Tim3 expression can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of MM cells, also has an additive inhibitory effect of bortezomib on NF-κB signaling pathway, then inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. Therefore, Tim3 may be a potential target for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenhuan Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nanhao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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Papadimitriou K, Tsakirakis N, Malandrakis P, Vitsos P, Metousis A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kanellias N, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Pothos P, Fotiou D, Gavriatopoulou M, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Tsitsilonis OE, Kostopoulos IV. Deep Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures Correlating with Prognostication, Treatment Responses, and MRD Status in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3245. [PMID: 33158030 PMCID: PMC7692501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with apparent heterogeneity that may explain patients' variable clinical outcomes. While the phenotypic, (epi)genetic, and molecular characteristics of myeloma cells have been thoroughly examined, there is limited information regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the natural history of the disease. In the present study, we performed deep phenotyping of 32 distinct immune cell subsets in a cohort of 94 MM patients to reveal unique immune profiles in both BM and peripheral blood (PB) that characterize distinct prognostic groups, responses to induction treatment, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Our data show that PB cells do not reflect the BM microenvironment and that the two sites should be studied independently. Adverse ISS stage and high-risk cytogenetics were correlated with distinct immune profiles; most importantly, BM signatures comprised decreased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and erythroblasts, whereas the unique Treg signatures in PB could discriminate those patients achieving complete remission after VRd induction therapy. Moreover, MRD negative status was correlated with a more experienced CD4- and CD8-mediated immunity phenotype in both BM and PB, thus highlighting a critical role of by-stander cells linked to MRD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsakirakis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Vitsos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Andreas Metousis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Kanellias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Pothos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (N.K.); (E.E.-P.); (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (A.M.); (N.O.-S.); (P.P.)
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Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S. Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7539. [PMID: 33066062 PMCID: PMC7589124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences—Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Moloudizargari M, Redegeld F, Asghari MH, Mosaffa N, Mortaz E. Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids reduce multiple myeloma exosome-mediated suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:647-659. [PMID: 32974883 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), complete remission is usually challenging. The interactions between tumor and host cells, in which exosomes (EXs) play critical roles, have been shown to be among the major deteriorative tumor-promoting factors herein. Therefore, any endeavor to beneficially target these EX-mediated interactions could be of high importance. OBJECTIVES a) To investigate the effects of myeloma EXs on natural killer (NK) cell functions. b) To check whether treatment of myeloma cells with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids with known anti-cancer effects, can modify myeloma EXs in terms of their effects on natural killer functions. METHODS L363 cells were treated with either EPA or DHA or left untreated and the released EXs (designated as E-EX, D-EX and C-EX, respectively) were used to treat NK cells for functional studies. RESULTS Myeloma EXs (C-EXs) significantly reduced NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells (P ≤ 0.05), while the cytotoxicity suppression was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) in the (E-EX)- and (D-EX)-treated NK cells compared to the (C-EX)-treated cells. The expression of the activating NK receptor NKG2D and NK degranulation, after treatment with the EXs, were both altered following the same pattern. However, C-EXs could increase IFN-γ production in NK cells (P < 0.01), which was not significantly affected by EPA/DHA treatment. This indicates a dual effect of myeloma EXs on NK cells functions. CONCLUSION Our observations showed that myeloma EXs have both suppressive and stimulatory effects on different NK functions. Treatment of myeloma cells with EPA/DHA can reduce the suppressive effects of myeloma EXs while maintaining their stimulatory effects. These findings, together with the previous findings on the anti-cancer effects of EPA/DHA, provide stronger evidence for the repositioning of the currently existing EPA/DHA supplements to be used in the treatment of MM as an adjuvant treatment. EXs released from L363 (myeloma) cells in their steady state increase IFN-γ production of NK cells, while reduce their cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line (right blue trace). EXs from L363 cells pre-treated with either EPA or DHA are weaker stimulators of IFN-γ production. These EXs also increase NK cytotoxicity and NKG2D expression (left brown trace) compared to the EXs obtained from untreated L363 cells. Based on these findings, myeloma EXs have both suppressive and stimulatory effects on different NK functions depending on the properties of their cells of origin, which can be exploited in the treatment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. .,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Fernández-Sevilla LM, Valencia J, Flores-Villalobos MA, Gonzalez-Murillo Á, Sacedón R, Jiménez E, Ramírez M, Varas A, Vicente Á. The choroid plexus stroma constitutes a sanctuary for paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the central nervous system. J Pathol 2020; 252:189-200. [PMID: 32686161 PMCID: PMC7540040 DOI: 10.1002/path.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite current central nervous system-directed therapies for childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, relapse at this anatomical site still remains a challenging issue. Few reports have addressed the study of the specific cellular microenvironments which can promote the survival, quiescence, and therefore chemoresistance of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells in the central nervous system. Herein, we showed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that in xenotransplanted mice, leukaemic cells infiltrate the connective tissue stroma of the choroid plexus, the brain structure responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid. The ultrastructural study also showed that leukaemia cells are able to migrate through blood vessels located in the choroid plexus stroma. In short-term co-cultures, leukaemic cells established strong interactions with human choroid plexus fibroblasts, mediated by an increased expression of ITGA4 (VLA-4)/ITGAL (LFA-1) and their ligands VCAM1/ICAM1. Upon contact with leukaemia cells, human choroid plexus fibroblasts acquired a cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype, with an increased expression of α-SMA and vimentin as well as pro-inflammatory factors. Human choroid plexus fibroblasts also have the capacity to reduce the proliferative index of leukaemic blasts and promote their survival and chemoresistance to methotrexate and cytarabine. The inhibition of VLA-4/VCAM-1 interactions using anti-VLA-4 antibodies, and the blockade of Notch signalling pathway by using a γ-secretase inhibitor partially restored chemotherapy sensitivity of leukaemia cells. We propose that the choroid plexus stroma constitutes a sanctuary for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells in the central nervous system. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - África Gonzalez-Murillo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Advanced Therapies Unit, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Advanced Therapies Unit, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Luo Y, Gui R. Circulating Exosomal CircMYC Is Associated with Recurrence and Bortezomib Resistance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Turk J Haematol 2020; 37:248-262. [PMID: 32812415 PMCID: PMC7702652 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have shown that serum circRNA can be used as a biomarker for many tumors. However, the role of exosomal circRNA in prognostic evaluation in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of circulating exosomal circMYC in the relapse and prognosis of patients with MM. Materials and Methods Circulating exosomes from 122 patients with MM and 54 healthy people were isolated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure circMYC exosomal expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank testing were used for estimating significance in survival rates. A Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Compared with healthy people, the expression level of serum exosomal circMYC was significantly increased in patients with MM. In addition, the expression of circMYC in circulating exosomes in bortezomib-resistant patients was significantly higher than that in non-resistant patients. The expression level of exosomal circMYC was correlated with deletion 17p, t(4;14), Durie-Salmon staging, and the International Staging System. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis found that a high exosomal circMYC level was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with MM. The patients with high exosome circMYC expression had higher relapse rates and higher mortality rates. The overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate of MM patients with high exosomal circMYC expression were lower than those of patients with low exosomal circMYC expression. Conclusion These findings suggest that circulating exosomal circMYC has great potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Luo
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Blood Transfusion, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Blood Transfusion, Changsha, China
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Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui leaf and stem hydromethanolic extracts suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis via caspase signaling on human multiple myeloma cells. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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69
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Papadimitriou K, Kostopoulos IV, Tsopanidou A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Kastritis E, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E. Ex Vivo Models Simulating the Bone Marrow Environment and Predicting Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082006. [PMID: 32707884 PMCID: PMC7463609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the abundance of novel drugs. As it has been previously shown, preclinical 2D models fail to predict disease progression due to their inability to simulate the microenvironment of the bone marrow. In this review, we focus on 3D models and present all currently available ex vivo MM models that fulfil certain criteria, such as development of complex 3D environments using patients' cells and ability to test different drugs in order to assess personalized MM treatment efficacy of various regimens and combinations. We selected models representing the top-notch ex vivo platforms and evaluated them in terms of cost, time-span, and feasibility of the method. Finally, we propose where such a model can be more informative in a patient's treatment timeline. Overall, advanced 3D preclinical models are very promising as they may eventually offer the opportunity to precisely select the optimal personalized treatment for each MM patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
| | - Anastasia Tsopanidou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
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Solimando AG, Annese T, Tamma R, Ingravallo G, Maiorano E, Vacca A, Specchia G, Ribatti D. New Insights into Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Pathobiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071869. [PMID: 32664527 PMCID: PMC7408689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 40% of all cases of NHL. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment is an important aspect of the assessment of the progression of DLBCL. In this review article, we analyzed the role of different cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, including mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in the tumor progression of DLBCL. We examined several approaches to confront the available pieces of evidence, whereby three key points emerged. DLBCL is a disease of malignant B cells spreading and accumulating both at nodal and at extranodal sites. In patients with both nodal and extranodal lesions, the subsequent induction of a cancer-friendly environment appears pivotal. The DLBCL cell interaction with mature stromal cells and vessels confers tumor protection and inhibition of immune response while delivering nutrients and oxygen supply. Single cells may also reside and survive in protected niches in the nodal and extranodal sites as a source for residual disease and relapse. This review aims to molecularly and functionally recapitulate the DLBCL–milieu crosstalk, to relate niche and pathological angiogenic constitution and interaction factors to DLBCL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080.5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy; (G.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy; (G.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080.5478326 (D.R.)
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71
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Paul B, Zhao Y, Loitsch G, Feinberg D, Mathews P, Barak I, Dupuis M, Li Z, Rein L, Wang E, Kang Y. The impact of bone marrow fibrosis and JAK2 expression on clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with immunomodulatory agents and/or proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5869-5880. [PMID: 32628819 PMCID: PMC7433821 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the impact of bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) on the clinical outcomes of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients in the current era of myeloma therapy. A total of 393 MM patients were included in the final analysis. The median followup was 83 months (range: 3.9 to 212 months). BMF was noted in 122 (48.2%) evaluable patients. Median progression free survival (PFS) in patients without BMF was 30.2 (95% CI: 24.7-38.0) months, and 21.1 (95% CI: 18.8-27.5) months in patients with BMF present (P = .024). Median overall survival (OS) was 61.2 (95% CI: 51.5-81.2) months in patients without BMF, and 45.1 (95% CI: 38.7-57.0) months in patients with BMF (P = .0048). A subset of 99 patients had their bone marrow biopsies stained for JAK1 and JAK2 by immunohistochemistry. Of these samples 67 (67.7%) patients had detectable JAK2 expression predominantly noted on bone marrow megakaryocytes. JAK2 expression correlated with myeloma disease stage (P = .0071). Our study represents the largest dataset to date examining the association of BMF with prognosis in the era of novel therapies and widespread use of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Our data suggest that MM patients with BMF (particularly those with extensive BMF) have a poorer prognosis even when treated with immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Paul
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gavin Loitsch
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Feinberg
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parker Mathews
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian Barak
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan Dupuis
- Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay Rein
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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72
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Lee J, Moon H, Ku B, Lee K, Hwang CY, Baek SJ. Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Canine Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4556. [PMID: 32604902 PMCID: PMC7349329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is known to be one of the frequently occurring cancers in dogs. Its prognosis is usually very poor, with a high incidence of lung metastasis. Although radiation therapy has become a major therapeutic choice for canine osteosarcoma, the high costs and unexpected side effects prevent some patients from considering this treatment. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas with high energy at low temperatures, and it produces reactive oxygen species that mediate many signaling pathways. Although many researchers have used CAP as an anticancer therapeutic approach in humans, its importance has been neglected in veterinary medicine. In this study, D-17 and DSN canine osteosarcoma cell lines were treated with CAP to observe its anticancer activity. By high-content screening and flow cytometry, CAP-treated cells showed growth arrest and apoptosis induction. Moreover, the osteosarcoma cells exhibited reduced migration and invasion activity when treated with CAP. Overall, CAP exerted an anticancer effect on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. CAP may have the potential to be used as a novel modality for treating cancer in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Bonghye Ku
- R&D Center, PSM Inc. Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13207, Korea; (B.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Keunho Lee
- R&D Center, PSM Inc. Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13207, Korea; (B.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
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73
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Imprinting of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transcriptome Persists even after Treatment in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113854. [PMID: 32481768 PMCID: PMC7312921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells (MM cells) in the bone-marrow (BM) compartment. BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from newly diagnosed MM patients were shown to be involved in MM pathogenesis and chemoresistance. The patients displayed a distinct transcriptome and were functionally different from healthy donors’ (HD) MSC. Our aim was to determine whether MM–MSC also contributed to relapse. Methods. We obtained and characterized patients’ MSC samples at diagnosis, two years after intensive treatment, without relapse and at relapse. Results. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in gene expression between HD and MM-MSC, whatever the stage of the disease. An easier differentiation towards adipogenesis at the expense of osteoblatogeneis was observed, even in patients displaying a complete response to treatment. Although their transcriptome was similar, we found that MSC from relapsed patients had an increased immunosuppressive ability, compared to those from patients in remission. Conclusion. We demonstrated that imprinting of MSC transcriptome demonstrated at diagnosis of MM, persisted even after the apparent disappearance of MM cells induced by treatment, suggesting the maintenance of a local context favorable to relapse.
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74
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Anti-angiogenesis and Immunotherapy: Novel Paradigms to Envision Tailored Approaches in Renal Cell-Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051594. [PMID: 32456352 PMCID: PMC7291047 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although decision making strategy based on clinico-histopathological criteria is well established, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a spectrum of biological ecosystems characterized by distinct genetic and molecular alterations, diverse clinical courses and potential specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. Given the plethora of drugs available, the subtype-tailored treatment to RCC subtype holds the potential to improve patient outcome, shrinking treatment-related morbidity and cost. The emerging knowledge of the molecular taxonomy of RCC is evolving, whilst the antiangiogenic and immunotherapy landscape maintains and reinforces their potential. Although several prognostic factors of survival in patients with RCC have been described, no reliable predictive biomarkers of treatment individual sensitivity or resistance have been identified. In this review, we summarize the available evidence able to prompt more precise and individualized patient selection in well-designed clinical trials, covering the unmet need of medical choices in the era of next-generation anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy.
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75
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MicroRNAs-Based Nano-Strategies as New Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Myeloma to Overcome Disease Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093084. [PMID: 32349317 PMCID: PMC7247691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, or miRs) are single-strand short non-coding RNAs with a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological- or disease-associated cellular processes. They bind to target miRs modulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Here, we present an overview of miRs deregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and discuss the potential use of miRs/nanocarriers association in clinic. Since miRs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, strategies based on their inhibition and/or replacement represent the new opportunities in cancer therapy. The miRs delivery systems include liposomes, polymers, and exosomes that increase their physical stability and prevent nuclease degradation. Phase I/II clinical trials support the importance of miRs as an innovative therapeutic approach in nanomedicine to prevent cancer progression and drug resistance. Results in clinical practice are promising.
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76
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Challenges for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Mediated Immune Suppression and Immune Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040988. [PMID: 32316450 PMCID: PMC7226482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of immunotherapy in the battle of Multiple Myeloma (MM) started with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and was rediscovered with immunomodulatory drugs and extended with the outstanding results achieved with targeted antibodies. Today, next to powerful antibodies Elotuzumab and Daratumumab, several T-cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, such as bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T-cells (CAR T-cells) are making their successful entry in the immunotherapy arena with highly promising results in clinical trials. Nonetheless, similar to what is observed in chemotherapy, MM appears capable to escape from immunotherapy, especially through tight interactions with the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BM-ME). This review will outline our current understanding on how BM-ME protects MM-cells from immunotherapy through immunosuppression and through induction of intrinsic resistance against cytotoxic effector mechanisms of T- and NK-cells.
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Salama Y, Heida AH, Yokoyama K, Takahashi S, Hattori K, Heissig B. The EGFL7-ITGB3-KLF2 axis enhances survival of multiple myeloma in preclinical models. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1021-1037. [PMID: 32191808 PMCID: PMC7094020 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic factors play a key role in multiple myeloma (MM) growth, relapse, and drug resistance. Here we show that malignant plasma cells (cell lines and patient-derived MM cells) express angiocrine factor EGF like-7 (EGFL7) mRNA and protein. MM cells both produced EGFL7 and expressed the functional EGFL7 receptor integrin β 3 (ITGB3), resulting in ITGB3 phosphorylation and focal adhesion kinase activation. Overexpression of ITGB3 or EGFL7 enhanced MM cell adhesion and proliferation. Intriguingly, ITGB3 overexpression upregulated the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), which further enhanced EGFL7 transcription in MM cells, thereby establishing an EGFL7-ITGB3-KLF2-EGFL7 amplification loop that supports MM cell survival and proliferation. EGFL7 expression was found in certain plasma cells of patients with refractory MM and of patients at primary diagnosis. NOD.CB17-Prkdc/J mice transplanted with MM cells showed elevated human plasma EGFL7 levels. EGFL7 knockdown in patient-derived MM cells and treatment with neutralizing antibodies against EGFL7 inhibited MM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the standard-of-care MM drug bortezomib upregulates EGFL7, ITGB3, and KLF2 expression in MM cells. Inhibition of EGFL7 signaling in synergy with BTZ may provide a novel strategy for inhibiting MM cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Andries Hendrik Heida
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang X, Guo J, Dai M, Wang T, Yang T, Xiao X, Tang Q, Zhang L, Jia L. PLOD2 increases resistance of gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by upregulating BCRP and inhibiting apoptosis. J Cancer 2020; 11:3467-3475. [PMID: 32284742 PMCID: PMC7150456 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, and it is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of advanced GC. However, a substantial proportion of patients eventually experience refractory disease due to drug resistance. PLOD2 was reported to increase invasion and migration in several GC cell lines, but the roles of PLOD2 in chemoresistance are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether PLOD2 could confer 5-FU resistance in GC. Methods: The expression of PLOD2 in GC cell lines was assessed by Western blotting. The cells were transfected by lentiviral transduction. The IC50 values were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were analyzed by the Transwell assay. The proportion of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of P-gp (MDR1), MRP1, BCRP (ABCG2), Bax and Bcl2 were analyzed by Western blotting. Furthermore, tumor xenograft models in nude mice were established to test tumor growth and weight. Result: The knockdown of PLOD2 in BGC823 cells significantly decreased the IC50 values of 5-FU. It also contributed to reducing the cell migration and invasion and promoting the apoptosis of GC cells. The opposite results appeared in PLOD2-overexpressing MGC803 GC cells. In vivo experiments showed that the knockdown of PLOD2 increased the growth inhibition of transplanted tumors in nude mice in response to 5-FU. Our mechanistic studies revealed that PLOD2-overexpressing cells appear to be resistant to the therapeutic characteristics of 5-FU in GC cells by upregulating BCRP and that PLOD2 confers resistance to 5-FU-induced apoptosis in GC cells by affecting the expression of Bax and Bcl2. Conclusion: PLOD2 contributed to increasing resistance of gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by upregulating BCRP and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng Dai
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China.,Bayannur Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Tengqi Wang
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China.,Bayannur Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xuejun Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China.,Bayannur Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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Zhang PP, Wang YC, Cheng C, Zhang F, Ding DZ, Chen DK. Runt-related transcription factor 2 influences cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance and cell proliferation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Leuk Res 2020; 92:106340. [PMID: 32182487 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence show that RUNX2 as a transcription factor is closely involved in carcinogenesis in a variety of human cancers. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is an important part of the mechanism underlying drug resistance in hematological tumors. In this study, we investigated the biological function of RUNX2 in B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). We assessed the expression of RUNX2 in suspension and adhesion model by western blot in B-NHL and MM. Adhesion assay, flow cytometry and CCK-8 were utilized to examine the role and mechanism of RUNX2 in CAM-DR and proliferation in B-NHL and MM. RUNX2 was highly expressed in adherent B-NHL and MM cells compared to suspension cells, and knockdown the expression of RUNX2 could reverse CAM-DR. Besides, RUNX2 could promote the proliferation of B-NHL and MM cells. Furthermore, RUNX2 participated the process of CAM-DR and proliferation by regulating the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Developing RUNX2 inhibitor may be a possible strategy for drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongzhou District People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Immunity, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hongze District People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 226000, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Zhi Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongzhou District People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ke Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongzhou District People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, People's Republic of China.
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80
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Natoni A, Farrell ML, Harris S, Falank C, Kirkham-McCarthy L, Macauley MS, Reagan MR, O’Dwyer M. Sialyltransferase inhibition leads to inhibition of tumor cell interactions with E-selectin, VCAM1, and MADCAM1, and improves survival in a human multiple myeloma mouse model. Haematologica 2020; 105:457-467. [PMID: 31101754 PMCID: PMC7012485 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.212266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation resulting from altered expression of sialyltransferases, such as ST3 β-galactoside α2-3-sialyltransferase 6, plays an important role in disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM). Hypersialylation can lead to increased immune evasion, drug resistance, tumor invasiveness, and disseminated disease. In this study, we explore the in vitro and in vivo effects of global sialyltransferase inhibition on myeloma cells using the pan-sialyltransferase inhibitor 3Fax-Neu5Ac delivered as a per-acetylated methyl ester pro-drug. Specifically, we show in vivo that 3Fax-Neu5Ac improves survival by enhancing bortezomib sensitivity in an aggressive mouse model of MM. However, 3Fax-Neu5Ac treatment of MM cells in vitro did not reverse bortezomib resistance conferred by bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. Instead, 3Fax-Neu5Ac significantly reduced interactions of myeloma cells with E-selectin, MADCAM1 and VCAM1, suggesting that reduced sialylation impairs extravasation and retention of myeloma cells in the BM. Finally, we showed that 3Fax-Neu5Ac alters the post-translational modification of the α4 integrin, which may explain the reduced affinity of α4β1/α4β7 integrins for their counter-receptors. We propose that inhibiting sialylation may represent a valuable strategy to restrict myeloma cells from entering the protective BM microenvironment, a niche in which they are normally protected from chemotherapeutic agents such as bortezomib. Thus, our work demonstrates that targeting sialylation to increase the ratio of circulating to BM-resident MM cells represents a new avenue that could increase the efficacy of other anti-myeloma therapies and holds great promise for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Natoni
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mariah L. Farrell
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Sophie Harris
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Michael O’Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,Correspondence: MICHAEL O’DWYER,
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81
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Holthof LC, van der Horst HJ, van Hal-van Veen SE, Ruiter RWJ, Li F, Buijze M, Andersen MN, Yuan H, de Bruijn J, van de Donk NWCJ, Lokhorst HM, Zweegman S, Groen RWJ, Mutis T. Preclinical evidence for an effective therapeutic activity of FL118, a novel survivin inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2020; 105:e80-e83. [PMID: 31123033 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Holthof
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilma J van der Horst
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan E van Hal-van Veen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W J Ruiter
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NJ USA
| | - Marijke Buijze
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,The School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M Lokhorst
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Groen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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82
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-CD38 Daratumumab in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010167. [PMID: 31936617 PMCID: PMC7017193 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab (Dara) is the first-in-class human-specific anti-CD38 mAb approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Although recent data have demonstrated very promising results in clinical practice and trials, some patients do not achieve a partial response, and ultimately all patients undergo progression. Dara exerts anti-MM activity via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and immunomodulatory effects. Deregulation of these pleiotropic mechanisms may cause development of Dara resistance. Knowledge of this resistance may improve the therapeutic management of MM patients.
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83
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Lessons Learned from Proteasome Inhibitors, the Paradigm for Targeting Protein Homeostasis in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1243:147-162. [PMID: 32297217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40204-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting aberrant protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in cancer is an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, this approach has thus far proven difficult to bring to clinical practice, with one major exception: proteasome inhibition. These small molecules have dramatically transformed outcomes for patients with the blood cancer multiple myeloma. However, these agents have failed to make an impact in more common solid tumors. Major questions remain about whether this therapeutic strategy can be extended to benefit even more patients. Here we discuss the role of the proteasome in normal and tumor cells, the basic, preclinical, and clinical development of proteasome inhibitors, and mechanisms proposed to govern both intrinsic and acquired resistance to these drugs. Years of study of both the mechanism of action and modes of resistance to proteasome inhibitors reveal these processes to be surprisingly complex. Here, we attempt to draw lessons from experience with proteasome inhibitors that may be relevant for other compounds targeting proteostasis in cancer, as well as extending the reach of proteasome inhibitors beyond blood cancers.
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84
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Frassanito MA, Desantis V, Di Marzo L, Craparotta I, Beltrame L, Marchini S, Annese T, Visino F, Arciuli M, Saltarella I, Lamanuzzi A, Solimando AG, Nico B, De Angelis M, Racanelli V, Mariggiò MA, Chiacchio R, Pizzuti M, Gallone A, Fumarulo R, D'Incalci M, Vacca A. Bone marrow fibroblasts overexpress miR-27b and miR-214 in step with multiple myeloma progression, dependent on tumour cell-derived exosomes. J Pathol 2019; 247:241-253. [PMID: 30357841 DOI: 10.1002/path.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression has an important role in tumour progression, but its involvement in bone marrow fibroblasts of multiple myeloma patients remains undefined. We demonstrate that a specific miR profile in bone marrow fibroblasts parallels the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to myeloma. Overexpression of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p triggers proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloma fibroblasts via the FBXW7 and PTEN/AKT/GSK3 pathways, respectively. Transient transfection of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p inhibitors demonstrates a cooperation between these two miRNAs in the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL1, suggesting that miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p negatively regulate myeloma fibroblast apoptosis. Furthermore, myeloma cells modulate miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p expression in fibroblasts through the release of exosomes. Indeed, tumour cell-derived exosomes induce an overexpression of both miRNAs in MGUS fibroblasts not through a simple transfer mechanism but by de novo synthesis triggered by the transfer of exosomal WWC2 protein that regulates the Hippo pathway. Increased levels of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p in MGUS fibroblasts co-cultured with myeloma cell-derived exosomes enhance the expression of fibroblast activation markers αSMA and FAP. These data show that the MGUS-to-myeloma transition entails an aberrant miRNA profile in marrow fibroblasts and highlight a key role of myeloma cells in modifying the bone marrow microenvironment by reprogramming the marrow fibroblasts' behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Craparotta
- IRCCS - "Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche" Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- IRCCS - "Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche" Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- IRCCS - "Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche" Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Visino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Arciuli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio G Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Nico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosistella Chiacchio
- Unit of Pathologic Anatomy and Cytodiagnosis, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Anna Gallone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Fumarulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
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85
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Target to Optimize Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Protocols in Hematological Malignancies and Rare Genetic Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010002. [PMID: 31861268 PMCID: PMC7019991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial elements in the bone marrow (BM) niche where they provide physical support and secrete soluble factors to control and maintain hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Given their role in the BM niche and HSPC support, MSCs have been employed in the clinical setting to expand ex-vivo HSPCs, as well as to facilitate HSPC engraftment in vivo. Specific alterations in the mesenchymal compartment have been described in hematological malignancies, as well as in rare genetic disorders, diseases that are amenable to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and ex-vivo HSPC-gene therapy (HSC-GT). Dissecting the in vivo function of human MSCs and studying their biological and functional properties in these diseases is a critical requirement to optimize transplantation outcomes. In this review, the role of MSCs in the orchestration of the BM niche will be revised, and alterations in the mesenchymal compartment in specific disorders will be discussed, focusing on the need to correct and restore a proper microenvironment to ameliorate transplantation procedures, and more in general disease outcomes.
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86
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Khalife J, Ghose J, Martella M, Viola D, Rocci A, Troadec E, Terrazas C, Satoskar AR, Gunes EG, Dona A, Sanchez JF, Bergsagel PL, Chesi M, Pozhitkov A, Rosen S, Marcucci G, Keats JJ, Hofmeister CC, Krishnan A, Caserta E, Pichiorri F. MiR-16 regulates crosstalk in NF-κB tolerogenic inflammatory signaling between myeloma cells and bone marrow macrophages. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129348. [PMID: 31593552 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of circulating miR-16 in the serum of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are independently associated with longer survival. Although the tumor suppressor function of intracellular miR-16 in MM plasma cells (PCs) has been elucidated, its extracellular role in maintaining a nonsupportive cancer microenvironment has not been fully explored. Here, we show that miR-16 is abundantly released by MM cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and that differences in its intracellular expression as associated with chromosome 13 deletion (Del13) are correlated to extracellular miR-16 levels. We also demonstrate that EVs isolated from MM patients and from the conditioned media of MM-PCs carrying Del13 more strongly differentiate circulating monocytes to M2-tumor supportive macrophages (TAMs), compared with MM-PCs without this chromosomal aberration. Mechanistically, our data show that miR-16 directly targets the IKKα/β complex of the NF-κB canonical pathway, which is critical not only in supporting MM cell growth, but also in polarizing macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. By using a miR-15a-16-1-KO mouse model, we found that loss of the miR-16 cluster supports polarization to M2 macrophages. Finally, we demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of miR-16 overexpression in potentiating the anti-MM activity by a proteasome inhibitor in the presence of MM-resident bone marrow TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalife
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jayeeta Ghose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marianna Martella
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Domenico Viola
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alberto Rocci
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Science, Division of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emine Gulsen Gunes
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ada Dona
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - James F Sanchez
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex Pozhitkov
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jonathan J Keats
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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87
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Muraoka H, Yoshimura C, Kawabata R, Tsuji S, Hashimoto A, Ochiiwa H, Nakagawa F, Fujioka Y, Matsuo K, Ohkubo S. Activity of TAS4464, a novel NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 inhibitor, against multiple myeloma via inactivation of nuclear factor κB pathways. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3802-3810. [PMID: 31583781 PMCID: PMC6890451 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is essential for the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. TAS4464, a novel highly potent inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme, selectively inactivates cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases, resulting in accumulation of their substrates. Here, we examined 14 MM cell lines treated with TAS4464. TAS4464 induced growth arrest and cell death in the MM cell lines even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. It also induced the accumulation of phospho-inhibitor of κBα and phospho-p100, impaired the activities of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors p65 and RelB, and decreased the expression of NF-κB target genes, suggesting that TAS4464 inhibits both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. TAS4464 had similar effects in an in vivo human-MM xenograft mouse model in which it was also observed to have strong antitumor effects. TAS4464 synergistically enhanced the antitumor activities of the standard MM chemotherapies bortezomib, lenalidomide/dexamethasone, daratumumab and elotuzumab. Together, these results suggest that the anti-MM activity of TAS4464 occurs via inhibition of the NF-κB pathways, and that treatment with TAS4464 is a potential approach for treating MM by single and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Muraoka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chihoko Yoshimura
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rumi Kawabata
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsuji
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ochiiwa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakagawa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yayoi Fujioka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan
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88
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Abdi J, Rastgoo N, Chen Y, Chen GA, Chang H. Ectopic expression of BIRC5-targeting miR-101-3p overcomes bone marrow stroma-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:975. [PMID: 31638931 PMCID: PMC6805455 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) cells gain protection against drugs through interaction with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This form of resistance largely accounts for resistance to therapy in MM patients which warrants further exploration to identify more potential therapeutic targets. Methods We performed miRNA/mRNA qPCR arrays and western blotting to analyze transcriptional and translational changes in MM cells co-cultured with BMSCs. Drug cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MMGFP-BMSC co-cultures were measured using fluorescence plate reader and flowcytometry, respectively. miRNA was overexpressed in MM cell lines using Lentiviral transduction, miRNA-3’UTR binding was examined using luciferase assay. Results We found that BMSCs downregulated miR-101-3p and upregulated survivin (BIRC5) in MM cells. Survivin was downregulated by miR-101-3p overexpression and found to be a direct target of miR-101-3p using 3’UTR luciferase assay. Overexpression of survivin increased viability of MM cells in the presence of anti-myeloma drugs, and miR-101-3p inhibition by anti-miR against miR-101-3p upregulated survivin. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-101-3p or silencing of survivin triggered apoptosis in MM cells and sensitized them to anti-myeloma drugs in the presence of BMSCs overcoming the stroma-induced drug resistance. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that BMSC-induced resistance to drugs is associated with survivin upregulation which is a direct target of miR-101-3p. This study also identifies miR-101-3p-survivin interaction as a druggable target involved in stroma-mediated drug resistance in MM and suggests it for developing more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Guo An Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada. .,Dept. of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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89
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Natoni A, Bohara R, Pandit A, O'Dwyer M. Targeted Approaches to Inhibit Sialylation of Multiple Myeloma in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:252. [PMID: 31637237 PMCID: PMC6787837 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation modulates different aspects of tumor biology, and it has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Among the different forms of glycosylation, sialylation, the addition of sialic acid to underlying oligosaccharides, is often dysregulated in cancer. Increased expression of sialylated glycans has been observed in many types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, and often correlates with aggressive metastatic behavior. Myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells, develops in the bone marrow, and colonizes multiple sites of the skeleton including the skull. In myeloma, the bone marrow represents an essential niche where the malignant cells are nurtured by the microenvironment and protected from chemotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of hypersialylation in the metastatic process focusing on multiple myeloma. In particular, we examine how increased sialylation modulates homing of malignant plasma cells into the bone marrow by regulating the activity of molecules important in bone marrow cellular trafficking including selectins and integrins. We also propose that inhibiting sialylation may represent a new therapeutic strategy to overcome bone marrow-mediated chemotherapy resistance and describe different targeted approaches to specifically deliver sialylation inhibitors to the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Natoni
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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90
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Argentiero A, Calabrese A, Solimando AG, Notaristefano A, Panarelli MM, Brunetti O. Bone metastasis as primary presentation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1972-1976. [PMID: 31624620 PMCID: PMC6787833 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PDAC bone metastases represent a clinical challenge characterized by multifaceted biological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Radiology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologySection of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”University of Bari Medical SchoolBariItaly
| | | | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology UnitNational Cancer Research CentreIstituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"BariItaly
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91
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Oka S, Ono K, Nohgawa M. Clinical effects of CD45 on the prognosis of extramedullary myeloma relapse. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:144-151. [PMID: 31532009 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of extramedullary relapse (EMR) arising during the clinical course of multiple myeloma (MM) has increased in recent years. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of immunophenotyping on the prognosis of MM patients with EMR. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review on data collected from MM patients with EMR between January 2007 and December 2018 at the Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center. Patient characteristics at the diagnosis of EMR, the prognostic significance of immunophenotyping and other factors were evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Extramedullary relapse was detected in 55 of 231 patients (23.8%). At the diagnosis of EMR, CD45, the leucocyte common antigen, was detected in 54.5% of cases. CD45 negativity in bone marrow correlated with thrombocytopenia and higher serum LDH levels. Moreover, high-risk cytogenetics was more frequently observed in CD45- than in CD45+ patients. A univariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in CD45- than in CD45+ patients. Thrombocytopenia, higher serum LDH levels and high-risk cytogenesis were also associated with shorter OS. A multivariate analysis confirmed that CD45 negativity, higher serum LDH levels and high-risk cytogenesis were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the potential of CD45- as a prognostic factor in patients with EMR and that it correlated with shorter survival. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The present results showed that the expression of CD45 in the neoplastic plasma cells of MM patients with EMR was associated with patient prognosis independent of other prognostic factors. The establishment of a treatment strategy for EMR patients with CD45- MM cells is needed to improve poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Oka
- Division of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ono
- Division of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nohgawa
- Division of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
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92
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Gourzones C, Bret C, Moreaux J. Treatment May Be Harmful: Mechanisms/Prediction/Prevention of Drug-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31620167 PMCID: PMC6759943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). MM is considered mostly without definitive treatment because of the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome drug-resistant relapse. Genotoxic agents are used in the treatment of MM and exploit the fact that DNA double-strand breaks are highly cytotoxic for cancer cells. However, their mutagenic effects are well-established and described. According to these effects, chemotherapy could cause harmful DNA damage associated with new driver genomic abnormalities providing selective advantage, drug resistance, and higher relapse risk. Several mechanisms associated with MM cell (MMC) resistance to genotoxic agents have been described, underlining MM heterogeneity. The understanding of these mechanisms provides several therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance and limit mutagenic effects of treatment in MM. According to this heterogeneity, adopting precision medicine into clinical practice, with the development of biomarkers, has the potential to improve MM disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Bret
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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93
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Akhmetzyanova I, McCarron MJ, Parekh S, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Fooksman DR. Dynamic CD138 surface expression regulates switch between myeloma growth and dissemination. Leukemia 2019; 34:245-256. [PMID: 31439945 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The canonical plasma cell marker CD138 (syndecan-1) is highly expressed on the myeloma cell surface, but its functional role in vivo is unclear, as well as the ontogeny of CD138-high and CD138-negative (neg) myeloma cells. In this study we used an in vivo murine Vk*MYC myeloma model where CD138 is heterogeneously expressed depending on tumor size. We find that in comparison to CD138-neg myeloma cells, the CD138-high subset of myeloma cells is highly proliferative, less apoptotic, and enhanced IL-6R signaling, which is known to promote survival. In addition CD138-high myeloma engrafts better than its CD138-neg counterpart. In contrast, CD138-neg cells are more motile both in vitro and in vivo, and more readily disseminate and spread to other bones in vivo than CD138-high subset. Neutralizing CD138 rapidly triggers migration of myeloma cells in vivo and leads to intravasation, which results in increased dissemination to other bones. Both murine and human myeloma cells can rapidly recycle CD138 surface expression through endocytic trafficking, in response to serum levels. Blocking CD138 enhances myeloma sensitivity to bortezomib chemotherapy and significantly reduces tumor size compared to bortezomib treatment alone. Thus, our data show that CD138 surface expression dynamically regulates a switch between growth vs. dissemination for myeloma, in response to nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J McCarron
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - David R Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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94
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Moloudizargari M, Abdollahi M, Asghari MH, Zimta AA, Neagoe IB, Nabavi SM. The emerging role of exosomes in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100595. [PMID: 31445775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the most prevalent hematological malignancies, accounts for approximately 10% of all blood cancers. In spite of the recent advancements in MM therapy, this malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells (PCs) continues to remain a hard-to-cure disease due to the emergence of drug resistance and frequent relapses. It is now well-established that the tumor-supportive involvement of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) including the cellular and non-cellular elements are the major causes behind treatment failures of MM as well as its main complications such as osteolytic bone loss. Exosomes (EXs) are membranous structures that carry signaling molecules and have recently received a great deal of attention as important mediators of inter-cellular communication in health and disease. EXs involve in the growth and drug resistance of many tumors via delivering their rich contents of bioactive molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules, etc. With regard to MM, many studies have reported that EXs are among the main culprits playing key roles in the vicious network within the BMM of these patients. The main producers of EXs that largely contribute to MM pathogenesis are bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as MM cells themselves. These cell types produce large amounts of EXs that affect a variety of target cells including natural killer (NK) cells, osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) to the advantage of tumor survival and progression. These EXs contain a different profile of proteins and miRNAs from that of EXs obtained from their counterparts in healthy individuals. MM patients exhibit distinguishable elevations in some of their contents such as miR-21, miR-146a, let-7b and miR-18a, while some molecules like miR-15a are markedly downregulated in EXs of MM patients compared to healthy individuals. These findings make EXs desirable biomarkers for early prediction of disease progression and drug resistance in the context of MM. On the other hand, due to the tumor-supportive role of EXs, targeting these structures in parallel to the conventional therapeutic regimens may be a promising approach to a successful anti-MM therapy. In the present work, an extensive review of the literature has been carried out to highlight the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Alina Andreea Zimta
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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95
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Ullah TR. The role of CXCR4 in multiple myeloma: Cells' journey from bone marrow to beyond. J Bone Oncol 2019; 17:100253. [PMID: 31372333 PMCID: PMC6658931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a pleiotropic chemokine receptor which acts through its ligand CXCL12 to regulate diverse physiological processes. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a pivotal role in proliferation, invasion, dissemination and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Apart from its role in homing, CXCR4 also affects MM cell mobilization and egression out of the bone marrow (BM) which is correlated with distant organ metastasis. Aberrant CXCR4 expression pattern is associated with osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth in MM through its cross talk with various important cell signalling pathways. A deeper insight into understanding of CXCR4 mediated signalling pathways and its role in MM is essential to identify potential therapeutic interventions. The current therapeutic focus is on disrupting the interaction of MM cells with its protective tumor microenvironment where CXCR4 axis plays an essential role. There are still multiple challenges that need to be overcome to target CXCR4 axis more efficiently and to identify novel combination therapies with existing strategies. This review highlights the role of CXCR4 along with its significant interacting partners as a mediator of MM pathogenesis and summarizes the targeted therapies carried out so far.
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Key Words
- AMC, Angiogenic monomuclear cells
- BM, Bone marrow
- BMSC, Bone marrow stromal cells
- CAM-DR, Cell adhesion‐mediated drug resistance
- CCR–CC, Chemokine receptor
- CCX–CKR, Chemo Centryx–chemokine receptor
- CD4, Cluster of differentiation 4
- CL—CC, Chemokine ligand
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CSCs, Cancer stem cells
- CTAP-III, Connective tissue-activating peptide-III
- CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand
- CXCR, CXC chemokine receptor
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- EMD, Extramedullary disease
- EPC, Endothelial progenitor cells
- EPI, Endogenous peptide inhibitor
- ERK, Extracellular signal related kinase
- FGF, Fibroblast growth factor
- G-CSF, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled chemokine receptors
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HD, Hodgkin's disease
- HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor
- HIF1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- HMGB1, High Mobility Group Box 1
- HPV, Human papillomavirus
- HSC, Hematopoietic stem cells
- IGF, Insulin-like growth factor
- JAK/STAT, Janus Kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription
- JAM-A, Junctional adhesion molecule-A
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- MAPK, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase
- MIF, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MM, Multiple myeloma
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MRD, Minimal residual disease
- NHL, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- OCL, Octeoclast
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, Protein kinase C
- PLC, Phospholipase C
- Pim, Proviral Integrations of Moloney virus
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand
- RRMM, Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
- SFM-DR, Soluble factor mediated drug resistance
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VHL, Von Hippel-Lindau
- WHIM, Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis
- WM, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
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96
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High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Integrated Clinical and Omics Approach Dissects the Neoplastic Clone and the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070997. [PMID: 31323969 PMCID: PMC6678140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that includes a subgroup of 10–15% of patients facing dismal survival despite the most intensive treatment. Despite improvements in biological knowledge, MM is still an incurable neoplasia, and therapeutic options able to overcome the relapsing/refractory behavior represent an unmet clinical need. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated clinical and biological overview of high-risk MM, discussing novel therapeutic perspectives, targeting the neoplastic clone and its microenvironment. The dissection of the molecular determinants of the aggressive phenotypes and drug-resistance can foster a better tailored clinical management of the high-risk profile and therapy-refractoriness. Among the current clinical difficulties in MM, patients’ management by manipulating the tumor niche represents a major challenge. The angiogenesis and the stromal infiltrate constitute pivotal mechanisms of a mutual collaboration between MM and the non-tumoral counterpart. Immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic therapy hold great efficacy, but variable and unpredictable responses in high-risk MM. The comprehensive understanding of the genetic heterogeneity and MM high-risk ecosystem enforce a systematic bench-to-bedside approach. Here, we provide a broad outlook of novel druggable targets. We also summarize the existing multi-omics-based risk profiling tools, in order to better select candidates for dual immune/vasculogenesis targeting.
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97
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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98
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Ibraheem A, Attar-Schneider O, Dabbah M, Dolberg Jarchowsky O, Tartakover Matalon S, Lishner M, Drucker L. BM-MSCs-derived ECM modifies multiple myeloma phenotype and drug response in a source-dependent manner. Transl Res 2019; 207:83-95. [PMID: 30738861 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow (BM) where their interaction with the microenvironment promotes disease progression and drug resistance. Previously, we have shown that MM cells cocultured with BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) comodulated cells' phenotype in a MAPKs/translation initiation (TI)-dependent manner. Dissection of the coculture model showed that BM-MSCs secretomes and microvesicles (MVs) participate in this crosstalk. Here, we addressed the role of the BM-MSCs extracellular matrix (ECM). MM cell lines cultured on decellularized ECM of normal donors' (ND) or MM patients' BM-MSCs were assayed for phenotype (viability, cell count, death, proliferation, migration, and invasion), microRNAs (MIR125a-3p, MIR199a-3p) and targets, MAPKs, TI epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), CXCR4, and autophagy. Drug (doxorubicin, velcade) response of MM cells cultured on ND/MM-MSCs' ECM with/without adhered MVs was also evaluated. ECM evoked opposite responses according to its origin: MM cells cultured on ND-MSCs' ECM demonstrated a rapid and continued decrease in MAPK/TI activation (↓10%-25%, P < 0.05) (15-24 hours) followed by diminished viability, cell count, proliferation, migration, and invasion (16-72 hours) (↓10%-50%, P < 0.05). In contrast, MM cells cultured on MM-MSCs' ECM displayed activated MAPK/TI, proliferation, EMT, and CXCR4 (↑15%-250%, P < 0.05). Corresponding changes in microRNAs relevant to the MM cells' altered phenotype were also determined. The hierarchy and interdependence of MAPKs/TI/autophagy/phenotype cascade were demonstrated. Finally, we showed that the ECM cooperates with MVs to modulate MM cells drug response. These data demonstrate the contribution of BM-MSCs' ECM to MM niche design and underscore the clinical potential of identifying targetable signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjd Ibraheem
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Mahmoud Dabbah
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Dolberg Jarchowsky
- Hematology Clinique, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Gastroentroloy Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Hematology Clinique, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Research Authority, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Research Authority, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
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99
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Xu S, Zhou T, Doh HM, Trinh KR, Catapang A, Lee JT, Braas D, Bayley NA, Yamada RE, Vasuthasawat A, Sasine JP, Timmerman JM, Larson SM, Kim Y, MacLeod AR, Morrison SL, Herschman HR. An HK2 Antisense Oligonucleotide Induces Synthetic Lethality in HK1 -HK2 + Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2748-2760. [PMID: 30885978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of adult tissues express only hexokinase 1 (HK1) for glycolysis, most cancers express hexokinase 2 (HK2) and many coexpress HK1 and HK2. In contrast to HK1+HK2+ cancers, HK1-HK2+ cancer subsets are sensitive to cytostasis induced by HK2shRNA knockdown and are also sensitive to synthetic lethality in response to the combination of HK2shRNA knockdown, an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and a fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor perhexiline (PER). The majority of human multiple myeloma cell lines are HK1-HK2+. Here we describe an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against human HK2 (HK2-ASO1), which suppressed HK2 expression in human multiple myeloma cell cultures and human multiple myeloma mouse xenograft models. The HK2-ASO1/DPI/PER triple-combination achieved synthetic lethality in multiple myeloma cells in culture and prevented HK1-HK2+ multiple myeloma tumor xenograft progression. DPI was replaceable by the FDA-approved OXPHOS inhibitor metformin (MET), both for synthetic lethality in culture and for inhibition of tumor xenograft progression. In addition, we used an ASO targeting murine HK2 (mHK2-ASO1) to validate the safety of mHK2-ASO1/MET/PER combination therapy in mice bearing murine multiple myeloma tumors. HK2-ASO1 is the first agent that shows selective HK2 inhibition and therapeutic efficacy in cell culture and in animal models, supporting clinical development of this synthetically lethal combination as a therapy for HK1-HK2+ multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: A first-in-class HK2 antisense oligonucleotide suppresses HK2 expression in cell culture and in in vivo, presenting an effective, tolerated combination therapy for preventing progression of HK1-HK2+ multiple myeloma tumors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/10/2748/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Xu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California
| | - Hanna M Doh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - K Ryan Trinh
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Art Catapang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nicholas A Bayley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Reiko E Yamada
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alex Vasuthasawat
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua P Sasine
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - John M Timmerman
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California
| | - A Robert MacLeod
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California
| | - Sherie L Morrison
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. .,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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100
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De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, Caivano A, Musto P. An update on extracellular vesicles in multiple myeloma: a focus on their role in cell-to-cell cross-talk and as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:249-258. [PMID: 30782029 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1583103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM) and the interplay between MM PCs and the BM microenvironment, which plays a relevant role in its pathogenesis. In this important cross-talk, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active. EVs, including small and medium/large EVs, are lipid bi-layer particles released in circulation by normal and neoplastic cells. A selected cargo of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is loaded into EVs, and delivered locally and to distant sites, thus influencing the physiology of recipient cells. In the 'liquid biopsy' context, EVs can be isolated from human biofluids proving to be powerful markers in cancer. Areas covered: Here, we summarize the recent advances on EVs in MM field. Expert commentary: EVs from MM PCs: i) enhance malignant cell proliferation and aggressiveness through an autocrine loop; ii) are able to transfer drug resistance in sensitive-drug cells; iii) stimulate angiogenesis; iv) increase the activity of osteoclasts; v) have immunosuppressive effects. In addition, EVs from MM stromal cells also promote MM cell proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, we underline the importance of EVs as MM potential biomarkers in 'cancer liquid biopsy' and as a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- b Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilic`ata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
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