51
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Yu Z, Lou L, Zhao Y. Fibroblast growth factor 18 promotes the growth, migration and invasion of MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:704-714. [PMID: 29901199 PMCID: PMC6072296 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) increases cell motility and invasion in colon tumors, and is linked with ovarian and lung tumors. Furthermore, the increased expression of FGF18 mRNA and protein has been associated with poor overall survival in cancer patients. However, its function has not been investigated in breast cancer. In the present study, we demonstrated that FGF18 promoted cell growth and metastasis in vitro and stimulated tumor growth in xenograft models in vivo. FGF18 mediated the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells via the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors to promote cancer migration and invasion. The decreased expression of FGF18 was strongly correlated with the loss/reduction of p-ERK, c-Myc, N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail 1 protein in MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, our results indicated that FGF18 played an important role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer via the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway and EMT, indicating that FGF18 may be a potential molecular treatment target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Longquan Lou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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52
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Li Q, Alsaidan OA, Ma Y, Kim S, Liu J, Albers T, Liu K, Beharry Z, Zhao S, Wang F, Lebedyeva I, Cai H. Pharmacologically targeting the myristoylation of the scaffold protein FRS2α inhibits FGF/FGFR-mediated oncogenic signaling and tumor progression. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling facilitates tumor initiation and progression. Although currently approved inhibitors of FGFR kinase have shown therapeutic benefit in clinical trials, overexpression or mutations of FGFRs eventually confer drug resistance and thereby abrogate the desired activity of kinase inhibitors in many cancer types. In this study, we report that loss of myristoylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2α), a scaffold protein essential for FGFR signaling, inhibits FGF/FGFR-mediated oncogenic signaling and FGF10-induced tumorigenesis. Moreover, a previously synthesized myristoyl-CoA analog, B13, which targets the activity of N-myristoyltransferases, suppressed FRS2α myristoylation and decreased the phosphorylation with mild alteration of FRS2α localization at the cell membrane. B13 inhibited oncogenic signaling induced by WT FGFRs or their drug-resistant mutants (FGFRsDRM). B13 alone or in combination with an FGFR inhibitor suppressed FGF-induced WT FGFR- or FGFRDRM-initiated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity or MAPK signaling, inducing cell cycle arrest and thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration in several cancer cell types. Finally, B13 significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors without pathological toxicity to the liver, kidney, or lung in vivo In summary, our study suggests a possible therapeutic approach for inhibiting FGF/FGFR-mediated cancer progression and drug-resistant FGF/FGFR mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Yongjie Ma
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Sungjin Kim
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Junchen Liu
- the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Kebin Liu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, and
| | - Zanna Beharry
- the Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | - Shaying Zhao
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Fen Wang
- the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Houjian Cai
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and
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53
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Feng S, Shao L, Castro P, Coleman I, Nelson PS, Smith PD, Davies BR, Ittmann M. Combination treatment of prostate cancer with FGF receptor and AKT kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6179-6192. [PMID: 28008155 PMCID: PMC5351622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway occurs in the vast majority of advanced prostate cancers (PCas). Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling occurs in a wide variety of malignancies, including PCa. RNA-Seq of castration resistant PCa revealed expression of multiple FGFR signaling components compatible with FGFR signaling in all cases, with multiple FGF ligands expressed in 90% of cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed FGFR signaling in the majority of xenografts and advanced PCas. AZD5363, an AKT kinase inhibitor and AZD4547, a FGFR kinase inhibitor are under active clinical development. We therefore sought to determine if these two drugs have additive effects in PCa models. The effect of both agents, singly and in combination was evaluated in a variety of PCa cell lines in vitro and in vivo. All cell lines tested responded to both drugs with decreased invasion, soft agar colony formation and growth in vivo, with additive effects seen with combination treatment. Activation of the FGFR, AKT, ERK and STAT3 pathways was examined in treated cells. AZD5363 inhibited AKT signaling and increased FGFR1 signaling, which partially compensated for decreased AKT kinase activity. While AZD4547 could effectively block the ERK pathway, combination treatment was needed to completely block STAT3 activation. Thus combination treatment with AKT and FGFR kinase inhibitors have additive effects on malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways and mitigating the compensatory upregulation of FGFR signaling induced by AKT kinase inhibition. Our studies suggest that co-targeting these pathways may be efficacious in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul D Smith
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Barry R Davies
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
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54
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Shao L, Wang J, Karatas OF, Feng S, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene and decreased PTEN. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14456-14471. [PMID: 29581856 PMCID: PMC5865682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Correlative studies in human prostate cancers reveal a frequent association of the TMPRSS2/ERG (TE) fusion gene with loss of PTEN and studies in mouse models reveal that ERG expression and PTEN loss synergistically promote prostate cancer progression. To determine the mechanism by which ERG overexpression and PTEN loss leads to transformation, we overexpressed the TE fusion gene and knocked down PTEN in an immortalized but non-transformed prostate epithelial cell line. We show that ERG overexpression in combination with PTEN loss can transform these immortalized but non-tumorigenic cells, while either alteration alone was not sufficient to fully transform these cells. Expression microarray analysis revealed extensive changes in gene expression in cells expressing the TE fusion with loss of PTEN. Among these gene expression changes was increased expression of multiple FGF ligands and receptors. We show that activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by TE fusion gene expression in association with PTEN loss. In addition, in vitro and in silico analysis reveals PTEN loss is associated with widespread increases in FGF ligands and receptors in prostate cancer. Inhibitors of FGF receptor signaling are currently entering the clinic and our results suggests that FGF receptor signaling is a therapeutic target in cancers with TE fusion gene expression and PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shu Feng
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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55
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Li Q, Ingram L, Kim S, Beharry Z, Cooper JA, Cai H. Paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor Initiates Oncogenic Synergy with Epithelial FGFR/Src Transformation in Prostate Tumor Progression. Neoplasia 2018; 20:233-243. [PMID: 29444487 PMCID: PMC5814375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk of stromal-epithelial cells plays an essential role in both normal development and tumor initiation and progression. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-FGF receptor (FGFR)-Src kinase axis is one of the major signal transduction pathways to mediate this cross talk. Numerous genomic studies have demonstrated that expression levels of FGFR/Src are deregulated in a variety of cancers including prostate cancer; however, the role that paracrine FGF (from stromal cells) plays in dysregulated expression of epithelial FGFRs/Src and tumor progression in vivo is not well evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of wild-type FGFR1/2 or Src kinase in epithelial cells was not sufficient to initiate prostate tumorigenesis under a normal stromal microenvironment in vivo. However, paracrine FGF10 synergized with ectopic expression of epithelial FGFR1 or FGFR2 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, paracrine FGF10 sensitized FGFR2-transformed epithelial cells to initiate prostate tumorigenesis. Next, paracrine FGF10 also synergized with overexpression of epithelial Src kinase to high-grade tumors. But loss of the myristoylation site in Src kinase inhibited paracrine FGF10-induced prostate tumorigenesis. Loss of myristoylation alters Src levels in the cell membrane and inhibited FGF-mediated signaling including inhibition of the phosphotyrosine pattern and FAK phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates the potential tumor progression by simultaneous deregulation of proteins in the FGF/FGFRs/Src signal axis and provides a therapeutic strategy of targeting myristoylation of Src kinase to interfere with the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lishann Ingram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | | | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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56
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Minisola F, Cipriani C, Colangelo L, Cilli M, Sciarra A, Von Heland M, Nieddu L, Anastasi E, Pascone R, Fassino V, Diacinti D, Longo F, Minisola S, Pepe J. Mineral metabolism abnormalities in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic case controlled study. Endocrine 2018; 59:338-343. [PMID: 28660378 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer is the most common tumor in men. To the best of our knowledge a systematic assessment of bone and mineral abnormalities has not been performed in prostatic cancer patients consecutively enrolled. METHODS This study was therefore carried out to investigate changes of skeletal and mineral metabolism in patients with prostate cancer (n = 69). A population of patients with cancer of various origin was also investigated as a control group (n = 53), since a comparison with non-prostate cancer patients has not been previously reported. RESULTS In the prostatic cancer group, one patient had extremely high values of C-terminal Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, low values of tubular reabsorption of phosphate and very high values of bone alkaline phosphatase, suggesting the diagnosis of oncogenic osteomalacia. We found nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in the group of prostate cancer vs. only one in cancer patients group (p < 0.026). We stratified the population on the basis of Gleason score, prostate specific antigen and hormonal therapy. Using a generalized linear model with a logit link to predict the probability of developing primary hyperparathyroidism, only Gleason score, C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and hormonal therapy had a significant effect (p < 0.05). Controlling for other covariates, a rise in fibroblast growth factor 23 increases the odds of developing primary hyperparathyroidism by 2% (p = 0.017), while patients with higher values of Gleason score have a much greater probability of developing primary hyperparathyroidism (log-odds = 3.6, p < 0.01). The probability decreases with higher values of Gleason score while on hormonal therapy; a further decrease was observed in patients on hormonal treatment and lower values of GS. Finally, lower grade of Gleason score without hormonal therapy have a significant protective factor (p < 0.01) decreasing the odds of developing primary hyperparathyroidism by 8%. CONCLUSION We showed a remarkable prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in men with prostate cancer; the multivariate analysis demonstrates that higher aggressiveness of prostate cancer, as determined by Gleason score, is a significant predictor of increased risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Minisola
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Cilli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Magnus Von Heland
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Nieddu
- Faculty of Economics, UNINT University, Via delle Sette Chiese 139, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pascone
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Diacinti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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57
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Vlachostergios PJ, Paddock M, Molina AM. Molecular Targeted Therapies of Prostate Cancer. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LIBRARY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64096-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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58
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Sun Q, Choudhary S, Mannion C, Kissin Y, Zilberberg J, Lee WY. Ex vivo replication of phenotypic functions of osteocytes through biomimetic 3D bone tissue construction. Bone 2018; 106:148-155. [PMID: 29066313 PMCID: PMC5694355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, residing as 3-dimensionally (3D) networked cells in bone, are well known to regulate bone and mineral homeostasis and have been recently implicated to interact with cancer cells to influence the progression of bone metastases. In this study, a bone tissue consisting of 3D-networked primary human osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells was constructed using: (1) the biomimetic close-packed assembly of 20-25μm microbeads with primary cells isolated from human bone samples and MLO-A5 cells and (2) subsequent perfusion culture in a microfluidic device. With this 3D tissue construction approach, we replicated ex vivo, for the first time, the mechanotransduction function of human primary osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells by correlating the effects of cyclic compression on down-regulated SOST and DKK1 expressions. Also, as an example of using our ex vivo model to evaluate therapeutic agents, we confirmed previously reported findings that parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases SOST and increases the ratio of RANKL and OPG. In comparison to other in vitro models, our ex vivo model: (1) replicates the cell density, phenotype, and functions of primary human osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells and (2) thus provides a clinically relevant means of studying bone diseases and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Saba Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yair Kissin
- Department of Orthopeidc Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- Department of Biomedical Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Woo Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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59
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Richter B, Faul C. FGF23 Actions on Target Tissues-With and Without Klotho. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:189. [PMID: 29770125 PMCID: PMC5940753 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphaturic hormone whose physiologic actions on target tissues are mediated by FGF receptors (FGFR) and klotho, which functions as a co-receptor that increases the binding affinity of FGF23 for FGFRs. By stimulating FGFR/klotho complexes in the kidney and parathyroid gland, FGF23 reduces renal phosphate uptake and secretion of parathyroid hormone, respectively, thereby acting as a key regulator of phosphate metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that FGF23 can also target cell types that lack klotho. This unconventional signaling event occurs in an FGFR-dependent manner, but involves other downstream signaling pathways than in "classic" klotho-expressing target organs. It appears that klotho-independent signaling mechanisms are only activated in the presence of high FGF23 concentrations and result in pathologic cellular changes. Therefore, it has been postulated that massive elevations in circulating levels of FGF23, as found in patients with chronic kidney disease, contribute to associated pathologies by targeting cells and tissues that lack klotho. This includes the induction of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, the elevation of inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver, and the inhibition of neutrophil recruitment. Here, we describe the signaling and cellular events that are caused by FGF23 in tissues lacking klotho, and we discuss FGF23's potential role as a hormone with widespread pathologic actions. Since the soluble form of klotho can function as a circulating co-receptor for FGF23, we also discuss the potential inhibitory effects of soluble klotho on FGF23-mediated signaling which might-at least partially-underlie the pleiotropic tissue-protective functions of klotho.
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60
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Vlot MC, Bijnsdorp I, den Heijer M, de Jonge R, van Moorselaar RJA, Heijboer AC. Plasma FGF23 is not elevated in prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 478:129-131. [PMID: 29277536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariska C Vlot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Bijnsdorp
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen A van Moorselaar
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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61
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Bluemn EG, Coleman IM, Lucas JM, Coleman RT, Hernandez-Lopez S, Tharakan R, Bianchi-Frias D, Dumpit RF, Kaipainen A, Corella AN, Yang YC, Nyquist MD, Mostaghel E, Hsieh AC, Zhang X, Corey E, Brown LG, Nguyen HM, Pienta K, Ittmann M, Schweizer M, True LD, Wise D, Rennie PS, Vessella RL, Morrissey C, Nelson PS. Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer Is Sustained through FGF Signaling. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:474-489.e6. [PMID: 29017058 PMCID: PMC5750052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a distinctive feature of prostate carcinoma (PC) and represents the major therapeutic target for treating metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Though highly effective, AR antagonism can produce tumors that bypass a functional requirement for AR, often through neuroendocrine (NE) transdifferentiation. Through the molecular assessment of mPCs over two decades, we find a phenotypic shift has occurred in mPC with the emergence of an AR-null NE-null phenotype. These "double-negative" PCs are notable for elevated FGF and MAPK pathway activity, which can bypass AR dependence. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK or FGFR repressed the growth of double-negative PCs in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that FGF/MAPK blockade may be particularly efficacious against mPCs with an AR-null phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Bluemn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Roger T Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Susana Hernandez-Lopez
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Robin Tharakan
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Ruth F Dumpit
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Alexandra N Corella
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Michael D Nyquist
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Elahe Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Wise
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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62
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Choudhary S, Sun Q, Mannion C, Kissin Y, Zilberberg J, Lee WY. Hypoxic Three-Dimensional Cellular Network Construction Replicates Ex Vivo the Phenotype of Primary Human Osteocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:458-468. [PMID: 28594289 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are deeply embedded in the mineralized matrix of bone and are nonproliferative, making them a challenge to isolate and maintain using traditional in vitro culture methods without sacrificing their inimitable phenotype. We studied the synergistic effects of two microenvironmental factors that are vital in retaining, ex vivo, the phenotype of primary human osteocytes: hypoxia and three-dimensional (3D) cellular network. To recapitulate the lacunocanalicular structure of bone tissue, we assembled and cultured primary human osteocytic cells with biphasic calcium phosphate microbeads in a microfluidic perfusion culture device. The 3D cellular network was constructed by the following: (1) the inhibited proliferation of cells entrapped by microbeads, biomimetically resembling lacunae, and (2) the connection of neighboring cells by dendrites through the mineralized, canaliculi-like interstitial spaces between the microbeads. We found that hypoxia synergistically and remarkably upregulated the mature osteocytic gene expressions of the 3D-networked cells, SOST (encoding sclerostin) and FGF23 (encoding fibroblast growth factor 23), by several orders of magnitude in comparison to those observed from two-dimensional and normoxic culture controls. Intriguingly, hypoxia facilitated the self-assembly of a nonproliferating, osteoblastic monolayer on the surface of the 3D-networked cells, replicating the osteoblastic endosteal cell layer found at the interface between native bone and bone marrow tissues. Our ability to replicate, with hypoxia, the strong expressions of these mature osteocytic markers, SOST and FGF23, is important since these (1) could not be significantly produced in vitro and (2) are new important targets for treating bone diseases. Our findings are therefore expected to facilitate ex vivo studies of human bone diseases using primary human bone cells and enable high-throughput evaluation of potential bone-targeting therapies with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Choudhary
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- 3 Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Yair Kissin
- 4 Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine , New York, New York.,5 Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack, New Jersey.,6 Lenox Hill Hospital , New York, New York
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- 7 John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Woo Y Lee
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey
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63
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Karatas OF, Wang J, Shao L, Ozen M, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. miR-33a is a tumor suppressor microRNA that is decreased in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60243-60256. [PMID: 28947967 PMCID: PMC5601135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms among men worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in numerous important cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. They have been found to be aberrantly expressed in many types of human cancers. They can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and changes in their levels are associated with tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. miR-33a is an intronic miRNA embedded within SREBF2 that has been reported to have tumor suppressive properties in some cancers but has not been examined in prostate cancer. SREBF2 increases cholesterol and lipid levels both directly and via miR-33a action. The levels of SREBF2 and miR-33a are correlated in normal tissues by co-transcription from the same gene locus. Paradoxically, SREBF2 has been reported to be increased in prostate cancer, which would be predicted to increase miR-33a levels potentially leading to tumor suppression. We show here that miR-33a has tumor suppressive activities and is decreased in prostate cancer. The decreased miR-33a increases mRNA for the PIM1 oncogene and multiple genes in the lipid β-oxidation pathway. Levels of miR-33a are not correlated with SREBF2 levels, implying posttranscriptional regulation of its expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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64
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Olauson H, Mencke R, Hillebrands JL, Larsson TE. Tissue expression and source of circulating αKlotho. Bone 2017; 100:19-35. [PMID: 28323144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
αKlotho (Klotho), a type I transmembrane protein and a coreceptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, was initially thought to be expressed only in a limited number of tissues, most importantly the kidney, parathyroid gland and choroid plexus. Emerging data may suggest a more ubiquitous Klotho expression pattern which has prompted reevaluation of the restricted Klotho paradigm. Herein we systematically review the evidence for Klotho expression in various tissues and cell types in humans and other mammals, and discuss potential reasons behind existing conflicting data. Based on current literature and tissue expression atlases, we propose a classification of tissues into high, intermediate and low/absent Klotho expression. The functional relevance of Klotho in organs with low expression levels remain uncertain and there is currently limited data on a role for membrane-bound Klotho outside the kidney. Finally, we review the evidence for the tissue source of soluble Klotho, and conclude that the kidney is likely to be the principal source of circulating Klotho in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rik Mencke
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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65
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Yang K, Peretz-Soroka H, Wu J, Zhu L, Cui X, Zhang M, Rigatto C, Liu Y, Lin F. Fibroblast growth factor 23 weakens chemotaxis of human blood neutrophils in microfluidic devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3100. [PMID: 28596573 PMCID: PMC5465076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil trafficking in tissues critically regulates the body’s immune response. Neutrophil migration can either play a protective role in host defense or cause health problems. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a known biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and was recently shown to impair neutrophil arrest on endothelium and transendothelial migration. In the present study, we further examined the effect of FGF23 on human blood neutrophil chemotaxis using two new microfluidic devices. Our results showed that chemotaxis of FGF23 pre-treated neutrophils to a fMLP gradient, in the presence or absence of a uniform FGF23 background, is quantitatively lower compared to the control cells. This effect is accompanied with a stronger drifting of FGF23 pre-treated cells along the flow. However, without the FGF23 pre-treatment, the FGF23 background only reduces chemotaxis of transmigrated cells through the thin barrier channel to the fMLP gradient. The effect of FGF23 on neutrophil migration and the correlation between multiple cell migration parameters are further revealed by chemotactic entropy and principle component analysis. Collectively, these results revealed the effect of FGF23 on weakening neutrophil chemotaxis, which shed light on FGF23 mediated neutrophil migration with direct disease relevance such as CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ling Zhu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, Jilin University, Jilin Sheng, China
| | | | | | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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66
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Clayton NS, Wilson AS, Laurent EP, Grose RP, Carter EP. Fibroblast growth factor-mediated crosstalk in cancer etiology and treatment. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:493-501. [PMID: 28470714 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that multiple cell types within the tumor work together to drive tumour progression and impact on both the response to therapy and the dissemination of tumour cells throughout the body. Fibroblast growth factor signalling (FGF) is perturbed in a number of tumors, serving to drive tumor cell proliferation and migration, but also has a central role in orchestrating the plethora of cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on how this family of signalling molecules can influence the interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding environment. Unraveling the complexities of FGF signalling between the distinct cell types of a tumor may identify additional opportunities for FGF-targeted compounds in therapy and could help combat drug resistance. Developmental Dynamics 246:493-501, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Clayton
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A S Wilson
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E P Laurent
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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67
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate numerous cellular processes. Deregulation of FGFR signalling is observed in a subset of many cancers, making activated FGFRs a highly promising potential therapeutic target supported by multiple preclinical studies. However, early-phase clinical trials have produced mixed results with FGFR-targeted cancer therapies, revealing substantial complexity to targeting aberrant FGFR signalling. In this Review, we discuss the increasing understanding of the differences between diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR, and the factors that determine response and resistance to FGFR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Babina
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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68
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Garimella R, Tadikonda P, Tawfik O, Gunewardena S, Rowe P, Van Veldhuizen P. Vitamin D Impacts the Expression of Runx2 Target Genes and Modulates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis Gene Networks in 143B Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030642. [PMID: 28300755 PMCID: PMC5372654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignancy of bone affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Understanding vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D regulated genes in OS is an important aspect of vitamin D/cancer paradigm, and in evaluating vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for human OS. Vitamin D treatment of 143B OS cells induced significant and novel changes in the expression of genes that regulate: (a) inflammation and immunity; (b) formation of reactive oxygen species, metabolism of cyclic nucleotides, sterols, vitamins and mineral (calcium), quantity of gap junctions and skeletogenesis; (c) bone mineral density; and (d) cell viability of skeletal cells, aggregation of bone cancer cells and exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant reduction in Runx2 target genes such as fibroblast growth factor -1, -12 (FGF1 and FGF12), bone morphogenetic factor-1 (BMP1), SWI/SNF related, matrix associated actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4), Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), Integrin, β4 (ITGBP4), Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, -28 (MMP1 and MMP28), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) in vitamin D treated 143B OS cells. These genes interact with the inflammation, oxidative stress and membrane vesicle biogenesis gene networks. Vitamin D not only inhibited the expression of Runx2 target genes MMP1, MMP28 and kallikrein related peptidase-7 (KLK7), but also migration and invasion of 143B OS cells. Vitamin D regulated Runx2 target genes or their products represent potential therapeutic targets and laboratory biomarkers for applications in translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Garimella
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation-KCVAMC Affiliate, Kansas City, KS 64128, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Priyanka Tadikonda
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Rowe
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Kidney Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Van Veldhuizen
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Sarah Cannon HCA Midwest Health Cancer Network, Overland Park, KS 66209, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
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69
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Plant-based diets relatively low in bioavailable phosphate and calcium may aid prevention and control of prostate cancer by lessening production of fibroblast growth factor 23. Med Hypotheses 2017; 99:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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70
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Tan SJ, Satake S, Smith ER, Toussaint ND, Hewitson TD, Holt SG. Parenteral iron polymaltose changes i:c-terminal FGF23 ratios in iron deficiency, but not in dialysis patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:180-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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71
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Kalra PA, Bhandari S. Efficacy and safety of iron isomaltoside (Monofer(®)) in the management of patients with iron deficiency anemia. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2016; 9:53-64. [PMID: 27022297 PMCID: PMC4790490 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s89704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New intravenous (IV) iron preparations should ideally be capable of delivering a wide dosing range to allow iron correction in a single or low number of visits, a rapid infusion (doses up to 1,000 mg must be administered over more than 15 minutes and doses exceeding 1,000 mg must be administered over 30 minutes or more), and minimal potential side effects including low catalytic/labile iron release with minimal risk of anaphylaxis. Furthermore, they should be convenient for the patient and health-care professional, and cost effective for the health-care system. The intention behind the development of iron isomaltoside (Monofer(®)) was to fulfill these requirements. Iron isomaltoside has been shown to be effective in treating iron deficiency anemia across multiple therapeutic patient groups and compared to placebo, IV iron sucrose, and oral iron. Iron isomaltoside consists of iron and a carbohydrate moiety where the iron is tightly bound in a matrix structure. It has a low immunogenic potential, a low potential to release labile iron, and does not appear to be associated with clinically significant hypophosphatemia. Due to the structure of iron isomaltoside, it can be administered in high doses with a maximum single dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight. Clinical trials and observational studies of iron isomaltoside show that it is an effective and well-tolerated treatment of anemia across different therapeutic areas with a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kalra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK; Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
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