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Makino T, Yoshimura S, Neya M, Yamanaka T, Sawada M, Tsujii E, Barrett D. Discovery of ASP5286: A novel non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitor for the treatment of HCV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dal Bello G, Maurelli M, Schena D, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P. Drug survival of dupilumab compared to cyclosporin in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis patients. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13979. [PMID: 32633446 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Dal Bello
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Martina Maurelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Donatella Schena
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
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Makino T, Ishida J, Yamanaka T, Ohki H, Uchida M, Sawada M, Barrett D. Discovery of a novel 9-position modified second-generation anti-HCV candidate via bioconversion and semi-synthesis of FR901459. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127423. [PMID: 32731088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizes cellular cyclophilin proteins in the virus replication cycle has increased attention on cyclophilin inhibitors as attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCV. Previous reports have described a number of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors, most of which require many synthetic steps for their preparation. Sasamura et al. have previously reported the isolation of bioconversion derivative 4. This analog is a convenient starting point for optimization due to the presence of the readily modifiable primary hydroxyl group and because it shows moderate anti-HCV activity and decreased immunosuppressive activity. We have also established an efficient C-alkylation reaction at the 3-position. Through a detailed structure-activity relationship study, we discovered a new type of clinical candidate 14 which requires a short synthetic process and has potent anti-HCV activity and reduced immunosuppressive activity, as well as improved aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Makino
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Junya Ishida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamanaka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Masao Uchida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Masae Sawada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - David Barrett
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc.; 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Development of an efficient semisynthetic modification of FR901459 via a novel regioselective N, O-acyl migration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127251. [PMID: 32527551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HCV utilizes cellular protein cyclophilins in the virus replication cycle and cyclophilin inhibitors have become a new class of anti-HCV agents. In our screening of natural products, we identified a unique cyclosporin analogue, FR901459, as a cyclophilin inhibitor with potent anti-HCV activity. In this work, we developed an efficient synthetic methodology to prepare FR901459 derivatives via an N, O-acyl migration reaction. This method allows us to efficiently manipulate the amino acid residues at the 3 position while avoiding lengthy total synthesis for each compound. By using this methodology, we discovered 4, which has superior anti-HCV activity and decreased immunosuppressive activity compared to FR901459.
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Subthreshold Autism Spectrum in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa and Behçet's Syndrome. Case Rep Psychiatry 2020; 2020:6703979. [PMID: 32607270 PMCID: PMC7313151 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6703979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing research stressed the presence of subthreshold autistic traits in patients with other psychiatric conditions. In this framework, a significant relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and the autism spectrum has been frequently reported, in particular among female samples, to the point that AN has been hypothesized to be a female phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the other hand, among subjects with ASD has been reported a higher prevalence of immune diseases and altered immune functions. While these reports seem to support an association between neurodevelopmental and immune system alterations in ASD, the relationship between the immune system and the broader autism spectrum, including its subthreshold manifestations, remains poorly investigated. In this report, we described the presence of autistic traits in a male inpatient with AN and separation anxiety disorder, who also show a diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome (BS). This case seems to further stress the association between AN and the autism spectrum, which may not be limited to the female gender. Moreover, it further suggests a deeper link between neurodevelopmental and immune system alterations. Implications are discussed in light of the more recent neurobiological and psychopathological hypothesis about the autism spectrum.
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The regulation of Oct4 in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by cyclosporine A: Preliminary observations. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:176-180. [PMID: 32595898 PMCID: PMC7305449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oct4, a key transcription factor, could reprogram human somatic fibroblasts into embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent cells. The exact mechanism of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CsA on the expression of Oct4 in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. Materials and methods The effects of CsA on HGFs were used to elucidate whether Oct4 expression could be induced by CsA by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell growth in CsA-treated HGFs with Oct4 lentiviral-mediated shRNAi knockdown was evaluated by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Results CsA was found to upregulate Oct4 transcript in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). CsA also dose-dependently increased Oct4 protein expression (p < 0.05). The lentivirus expressing sh-Oct4 successfully prevented the CsA-induced Oct4 mRNA and protein in HGFs (p < 0.05). However, knockdown of Oct4 was insufficient to inhibit CsA-stimulated cell growth in HGFs. Furthermore, double knockdown with pluripotency-associated transcription factor Nanog showed that the down-regulation of Oct4/Nanog by lentiviral infection significantly inhibited CsA-stimulated cell growth (p < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, CsA was first found to upregulate Oct4 mRNA and protein expression in HGFs. The silencing Oct4 could not suppress cell growth unless Nanog was repressed simultaneously.
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Cheng KJ, Hsieh CM, Nepali K, Liou JP. Ocular Disease Therapeutics: Design and Delivery of Drugs for Diseases of the Eye. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10533-10593. [PMID: 32482069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ocular drug discovery field has evidenced significant advancement in the past decade. The FDA approvals of Rhopressa, Vyzulta, and Roclatan for glaucoma, Brolucizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), Luxturna for retinitis pigmentosa, Dextenza (0.4 mg dexamethasone intracanalicular insert) for ocular inflammation, ReSure sealant to seal corneal incisions, and Lifitegrast for dry eye represent some of the major developments in the field of ocular therapeutics. A literature survey also indicates that gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and target discovery through genomic research represent significant promise as potential strategies to achieve tissue repair or regeneration and to attain therapeutic benefits in ocular diseases. Overall, the emergence of new technologies coupled with first-in-class entries in ophthalmology are highly anticipated to restructure and boost the future trends in the field of ophthalmic drug discovery. This perspective focuses on various aspects of ocular drug discovery and the recent advances therein. Recent medicinal chemistry campaigns along with a brief overview of the structure-activity relationships of the diverse chemical classes and developments in ocular drug delivery (ODD) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ju Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Section 3, Xing-Long Road, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Zou D, Agarwal SK, Mohan C, Kumar MNVR. A highly potent lymphatic system-targeting nanoparticle cyclosporine prevents glomerulonephritis in mouse model of lupus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3900. [PMID: 32582860 PMCID: PMC7292630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressant, but it is an ineffective stand-alone treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to poor target tissue distribution and renal toxicity. We hypothesized that CD71 (transferrin receptor 1)-directed delivery of CsA to the lymphatic system would improve SLE outcomes in a murine model. We synthesized biodegradable, ligand-conjugated nanoparticles [P2Ns-gambogic acid (GA)] targeting CD71. GA conjugation substantially increased nanoparticle association with CD3+ or CD20+ lymphocytes and with intestinal lymphoid tissues. In orally dosed MRL-lpr mice, P2Ns-GA-encapsulated CsA increased lymphatic drug delivery 4- to 18-fold over the ligand-free formulation and a commercial CsA capsule, respectively. Improved lymphatic bioavailability of CsA was paralleled by normalization of anti-double-stranded DNA immunoglobulin G titer, plasma cytokines, and glomerulonephritis. Thus, this study demonstrates the translational potential of nanoparticles that enhance the targeting of lymphatic tissues, transforming CsA into a potent single therapeutic for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dianxiong Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep K. Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Freeze-Dried Softisan ® 649-Based Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Skin Delivery of Cyclosporine A. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050986. [PMID: 32455668 PMCID: PMC7279451 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, affect around one quarter to one third of the world population. Systemic cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant agent, is included in the current therapeutic armamentarium of these diseases. Despite being highly effective, it is associated with several side effects, and its topical administration is limited by its high molecular weight and poor water solubility. To overcome these limitations, cyclosporine A was incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles obtained from Softisan® 649, a commonly used cosmetic ingredient, aiming to develop a vehicle for application to the skin. The nanoparticles presented sizes of around 200 nm, low polydispersity, negative surface charge, and stability when stored for 8 weeks at room temperature or 4 °C. An effective incorporation of 88% of cyclosporine A within the nanoparticles was observed, without affecting its morphology. After the freeze-drying process, the Softisan® 649-based nanoparticles formed an oleogel. Skin permeation studies using pig ear as a model revealed low permeation of the applied cyclosporine A in the freeze-dried form of the nanoparticles in relation to free drug and the freshly prepared nanoparticles. About 1.0 mg of cyclosporine A was delivered to the skin with reduced transdermal permeation. These results confirm local delivery of cyclosporine A, indicating its promising topical administration.
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60
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Noble M, Lin QT, Sirko C, Houpt JA, Novello MJ, Stathopulos PB. Structural Mechanisms of Store-Operated and Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation: Initiation Points for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3642. [PMID: 32455637 PMCID: PMC7279490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signaling ion that is essential for the life and death processes of all eukaryotes. In humans, numerous cell stimulation pathways lead to the mobilization of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stored Ca2+, resulting in the propagation of Ca2+ signals through the activation of processes, such as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE provides a sustained Ca2+ entry into the cytosol; moreover, the uptake of SOCE-mediated Ca2+ by mitochondria can shape cytosolic Ca2+ signals, function as a feedback signal for the SOCE molecular machinery, and drive numerous mitochondrial processes, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and distinct cell death pathways. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying the proteins mediating these signaling pathways and elucidating molecular structures, invaluable for understanding the underlying mechanisms of function. Nevertheless, there remains a disconnect between using this accumulating protein structural knowledge and the design of new research tools and therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the Ca2+ signaling pathways that are involved in mediating S/ER stored Ca2+ release, SOCE, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, as well as pinpoint multiple levels of crosstalk between these pathways. Further, we highlight the significant protein structures elucidated in recent years controlling these Ca2+ signaling pathways. Finally, we describe a simple strategy that aimed at applying the protein structural data to initiating drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Qi-Tong Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Christian Sirko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Jacob A. Houpt
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada;
| | - Matthew J. Novello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
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Anil S, H.S.A. Alyafei S, Kitty George A, Paul Chalisserry E. Adverse Effects of Medications on Periodontal Tissues. Oral Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McLaughlin PJ, Sassani JW, Zagon IS. Naltrexone as a Novel Therapeutic for Diabetic Corneal Complications. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:42-46. [PMID: 32368758 PMCID: PMC7198040 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread autoimmune disorder that affects nearly 10% of the adult population in the United States. In addition to the primary disease, there are numerous complications associated with inflammation including abnormalities of the heart, visual system, and peripheral nervous system. More than half of the individuals with diabetes will have one or more ocular related complications such as dry eye disease (DED), keratopathy, or retinopathy. Research over the last 3 decades has focused on the role of the opioid growth factor - opioid growth factor receptor (OGF-OGFr) axis as a regulatory system that maintains homeostasis in corneal epithelialization and tear secretion. In diabetes, OGF appears to be dysregulated resulting in decreased cell replication and increased corneal surface sensitivity. Utilization of naltrexone as a topical therapeutic to block the OGF-OGFr axis results in reversal of dry eye and restoration of corneal sensitivity and rates of corneal re-epithelialization. Naltrexone treatment at dosages that are substantially lower than systemically approved doses appear to be safe and effective therapy for corneal surface abnormalities associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J McLaughlin
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Joseph W Sassani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Ian S Zagon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
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63
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Zaorska E, Tomasova L, Koszelewski D, Ostaszewski R, Ufnal M. Hydrogen Sulfide in Pharmacotherapy, Beyond the Hydrogen Sulfide-Donors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020323. [PMID: 32085474 PMCID: PMC7072623 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important biological mediators involved in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Recently developed H2S donors show promising effects against several pathological processes in preclinical and early clinical studies. For example, H2S donors have been found to be effective in the prevention of gastrointestinal ulcers during anti-inflammatory treatment. Notably, there are well-established medicines used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, whose chemical structure contains sulfur moieties and may release H2S. Hence, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be partly the result of the release of H2S occurring during drug metabolism and/or the effect of these drugs on the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. In this work, we review data regarding sulfur drugs commonly used in clinical practice that can support the hypothesis about H2S-dependent pharmacotherapeutic effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zaorska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lenka Tomasova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-6195
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Nakayama Y, Inoue E, Kato A, Iwai Y, Takai-Yamazaki M, Tsuruya Y, Yamaguchi A, Noda K, Nomoto T, Ganss B, Ogata Y. Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein gene expression is upregulated and spread in nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Odontology 2020; 108:532-544. [PMID: 31955298 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) is secreted protein expressed in follicular dendritic cells, periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium (JE). Its expression could be controlled during inflammatory process of gingiva; however, responsible mechanism for gingival overgrowth and involvement of FDC-SP in clinical condition is still unclear. We hypothesized that JE-specific genes are associated with the initiation of drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) called gingival overgrowth, and investigated the changes of JE-specific gene's expression and their localization in overgrown gingiva from the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the FDC-SP localization was spread in overgrown gingival tissues. FDC-SP mRNA levels in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells were increased by time-dependent nifedipine treatments, similar to other JE-specific genes, such as Amelotin (Amtn) and Lamininβ3 subunit (Lamβ3), whereas type 4 collagen (Col4) mRNA levels were decreased. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that FDC-SP, AMTN, and Lamβ3 protein levels were increased in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells. Transient transfection analyses were performed using luciferase constructs including various lengths of human FDC-SP gene promoter, nifedipine increased luciferase activities of -345 and -948FDC-SP constructs. These results raise the possibility that the nifedipine-induced FDC-SP may be related to the mechanism responsible for gingival overgrowth does not occur at edentulous jaw ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Eiko Inoue
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Mizuho Takai-Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuruya
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takato Nomoto
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
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Dell'Osso L, Carpita B, Cremone IM, Mucci F, Salerni A, Marazziti D, Carmassi C, Gesi C. Subthreshold Autism Spectrum in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa and Behçet's Syndrome. Case Rep Psychiatry 2020. [PMID: 32607270 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6703979.pmid:32607270;pmcid:pmc7313151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing research stressed the presence of subthreshold autistic traits in patients with other psychiatric conditions. In this framework, a significant relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and the autism spectrum has been frequently reported, in particular among female samples, to the point that AN has been hypothesized to be a female phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the other hand, among subjects with ASD has been reported a higher prevalence of immune diseases and altered immune functions. While these reports seem to support an association between neurodevelopmental and immune system alterations in ASD, the relationship between the immune system and the broader autism spectrum, including its subthreshold manifestations, remains poorly investigated. In this report, we described the presence of autistic traits in a male inpatient with AN and separation anxiety disorder, who also show a diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome (BS). This case seems to further stress the association between AN and the autism spectrum, which may not be limited to the female gender. Moreover, it further suggests a deeper link between neurodevelopmental and immune system alterations. Implications are discussed in light of the more recent neurobiological and psychopathological hypothesis about the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I M Cremone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Mucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Salerni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Gesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Kim HJ, Yoo JH, Choi Y, Joo JY, Lee JY, Kim HJ. Assessing the effects of cyclosporine A on the osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis mediated by human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontol 2019; 91:836-848. [PMID: 31680236 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the osteogenic differentiation, osteoclastogenic-supporting ability, and angiogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from the extracted teeth of orthodontic patients. Cell proliferation was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (ARS) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify transcripts. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and tube formation assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were performed after treating cells with the conditioned media from CsA-exposed or non-exposed hPDLSCs. Signaling pathways mediating the angiogenic activity were investigated using western blotting. RESULTS CsA suppressed the proliferation of hPDLSCs but enhanced osteogenic differentiation as determined by ALP and ARS staining and PCR of osteogenic transcripts. The expressions of osteoclastogenic transcripts in hPDLSCs and the differentiation of BMMs treated with conditioned medium from CsA-exposed hPDLSCs were unaffected by CsA. However, the expressions of angiogenic transcripts and the transcripts known to support angiogenesis-phosphorylation of extracellular signal p-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, and c-fos-were inhibited. Conditioned medium from CsA-exposed hPDLSCs suppressed the tube forming abilities of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CsA enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and reduced angiogenesis by blocking the ERK and p38/c-fos pathway in hPDLSCs. It is necessary to confirm whether this phenomenon is also observed in vivo in subsequent animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yoo
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJeong Choi
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Youn Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Ojeda PG, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Pharmaceutical applications of cyclotides. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2152-2161. [PMID: 31541712 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are cyclic peptides, present in several plant families, that show diverse biological properties. Structurally, cyclotides share a distinctive head-to-tail circular knotted topology of three disulfide bonds. This framework provides cyclotides with extraordinary resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation. There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of cyclotides, which combine several promising pharmaceutical properties, including binding affinity, target selectivity, and low toxicity towards healthy mammalian cells. Recently, cyclotides have been reported to be orally bioavailable and have proved to be amenable to modifications. Here, we provide an overview of the structure, properties, and pharmaceutical applications of cyclotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Ojeda
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 3S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 3S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Panfen E, Chen W, Zhang Y, Sinz M, Marathe P, Gan J, Shen H. Enhanced and Persistent Inhibition of Organic Cation Transporter 1 Activity by Preincubation of Cyclosporine A. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1352-1360. [PMID: 31427432 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent pharmacogenetic evidence indicates that hepatic organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 can serve as the locus of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences. We examined the impact of preincubation on the extent of OCT1 inhibition in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Following 30-minute preincubation with an inhibitor, approximately 50-fold higher inhibition potency was observed for cyclosporine A (CsA) against OCT1-mediated uptake of metformin compared with coincubation, with IC50 values of 0.43 ± 0.12 and 21.6 ± 4.5 µM, respectively. By comparison, only small shifts (≤2-fold) in preincubation IC50 versus coincubation were observed for quinidine, pyrimethamine, ritonavir, and trimethoprim. The shift in CsA OCT1 IC50 was substrate dependent since it ranged from >1.2- to 50.2-fold using different experimental substrates. The inhibition potential of CsA toward OCT1 was confirmed by fenoterol hepatocyte uptake experiment. Furthermore, no shift in CsA IC50 was observed with HEK293 cells transfected with OCT2 and organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. Short exposure (30 minutes) to 10 µM CsA produced long-lasting inhibition (at least 120 minutes) of the OCT1-mediated uptake of metformin in OCT1-HEK293 cells, which was likely attributable to the retention of CsA in the cells, as shown by the fact that inhibitory cellular concentrations of CsA were maintained long after the removal of the compound from the incubation buffer. The potent and persistent inhibitory effect after exposure to CsA warrants careful consideration in the design and interpretation of clinical OCT1 DDI studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Preincubation of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 with their inhibitor may result in the enhancement of the inhibitory potency in a cell-based assay. However, limited data are available on potentiation of OCT1 inhibition by preincubation, which is a clinically relevant drug transporter. For the first time, we observed a 50-fold increase in CsA inhibitory potency against OCT1-mediated transport of metformin following a preincubation step. The CsA preincubation effect on OCT1 inhibition is substrate dependent. Moreover, the inhibition potential of CsA toward OCT1 is confirmed by hepatocyte uptake experiment. This study delivers clear evidences about the potent and persistent inhibitory effect on OCT1 after exposure to CsA. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of CsA on OCT1 drug substrates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Panfen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael Sinz
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Punit Marathe
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jinping Gan
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
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Głowacka IE, Trocha A, Wróblewski AE, Piotrowska DG. N-(1-Phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylate esters in the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1722-1757. [PMID: 31435446 PMCID: PMC6664392 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Garner’s aldehyde has several drawbacks, first of all is prone to racemization, alternative three-carbon chirons would be of great value in enantioselective syntheses of natural compounds and/or drugs. This review article summarizes applications of N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates, -carbaldehydes and -methanols in syntheses of approved drugs and potential medications as well as of natural products mostly alkaloids but also sphingoids and ceramides and their 1- and 3-deoxy analogues and several hydroxy amino acids and their precursors. Designed strategies provided new procedures to several drugs and alternative approaches to natural products and proved efficiency of a 2-substituted N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine framework as chiron bearing a chiral auxiliary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona E Głowacka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trocha
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej E Wróblewski
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota G Piotrowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Thandar Y, Maharajh R, Haffejee F, Mosam A. Treatment of cutaneous lichen planus (Part 1): A review of topical therapies and phototherapy. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1582467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Thandar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rivesh Maharajh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Firoza Haffejee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anisa Mosam
- Department of Dermatology, University of KwaZulu-Natal & Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
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Sharma AN, Dobry AS, Linden K. Hyperpigmentation Due to Cyclosporine Therapy. Cureus 2019; 11:e4072. [PMID: 31019850 PMCID: PMC6464983 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For a myriad of immune disorders, cyclosporine has demonstrated marked efficacy in relieving clinical symptoms and reversing pathological developments. We present a case of hyperpigmentation induced by cyclosporine therapy used to treat prurigo nodularis, an extremely rare adverse effect of cyclosporine that has been reported only once, to our knowledge, in the dermatologic literature. After four months of cyclosporine therapy, our patient developed noticeable hyperpigmentation on the dorsal hands and feet and to a lesser degree on her arms and legs. Prior research has discovered a dose-dependent decrease in tyrosinase activity and pigment formation in cultured melanocytes due to cyclosporine – an effect opposite to what was observed in our case. Thus, further study into this relationship is necessary. In essence, physicians should be aware of unwanted cutaneous changes after the initiation of cyclosporine therapy and may want to counsel patients about the importance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection.
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73
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Thandar Y, Maharajh R, Haffejee F, Mosam A. Treatment of cutaneous lichen planus (part 2): a review of systemic therapies. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:633-647. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1544411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Thandar
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rivesh Maharajh
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Firoza Haffejee
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anisa Mosam
- Department of Dermatology, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
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Sawangjit R, Dilokthornsakul P, Lloyd-Lavery A, Chua S, Lai NM, Dellavalle R, Chaiyakunapruk N. Systemic treatments for eczema: a network meta-analysis. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratree Sawangjit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University; Department of Clinical Pharmacy; 41/20 Kham Riang Kantharawichai Mahasarakham Thailand 44150
| | - Piyameth Dilokthornsakul
- Naresuan University; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 99 Tha Pho Muang Phitsanulok Thailand 65000
| | - Antonia Lloyd-Lavery
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Dermatology; Churchill Hospital Roosevelt Drive Oxford UK OX3 7LE
| | - Sean Chua
- urong East St21 Blk288A #03-358 Singapore Singapore 601288
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- Taylor's University; School of Medicine; Subang Jaya Malaysia
| | - Robert Dellavalle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine; Denver VA Medical Center 1055 Clermont St. #165 Denver Colorado USA 80220
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Dainichi T, Kitoh A, Otsuka A, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Kaplan DH, Kabashima K. The epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1286-1298. [PMID: 30446754 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides both a physical barrier and an immunologic barrier to external threats. The protective machinery of the skin has evolved to provide situation-specific responses to eliminate pathogens and to provide protection against physical dangers. Dysregulation of this machinery can give rise to the initiation and propagation of inflammatory loops in the epithelial microenvironment that result in inflammatory skin diseases in susceptible people. A defective barrier and microbial dysbiosis drive an interleukin 4 (IL-4) loop that underlies atopic dermatitis, while in psoriasis, disordered keratinocyte signaling and predisposition to type 17 responses drive a pathogenic IL-17 loop. Here we discuss the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in terms of the epithelial immune microenvironment-the microbiota, keratinocytes and sensory nerves-and the resulting inflammatory loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Immunology, Cutaneous Biology Research Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. .,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tear Ferning Test and Pathological Effects on Ocular Surface before and after Topical Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Patients. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:1061276. [PMID: 30405906 PMCID: PMC6204206 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare ocular surface inflammatory disease that affects mainly boys in the first decade of life. Clinical observations show that it generally regresses spontaneously with the onset of puberty, but therapeutic measures must be taken before then to control the course of the disease. Purpose To evaluate the role of the lacrimal mucous component in VKC patients and compare tear ferning test (TFT) modifications, MUC5AC levels in tears, and density of conjunctival goblet cells to clinical characteristics before and after treatment with cyclosporine A (CY) in eye drops. Methods Forty-seven patients affected by VKC and 30 healthy subjects aged between 3 and 16 years of life were enrolled. All individuals were submitted to complete eye examination and skin prick test (SPT) for the most common allergens. Then, they were subjected to collection of the tears and to impression cytology to evaluate TFT, MUC5AC levels, and conjunctival goblet cell density, before and after treatment with CY in eye drops. Results Comparing the VKC group vs. the control group at baseline, a significant alteration in the degree of the ferns was found, indicating a pathological condition of the lacrimal mucous layer. In addition, an increased number of goblet cells were observed in the patients. The concentration of lacrimal secretory mucins (MUC5AC) did not show significant differences between the 2 groups. Patients treated with CY have reported improvements of some signs and symptoms of disease activity, including TFT, and a tendency of conjunctival goblet cell density to normalise. Conclusions The results obtained demonstrated for the first time a significant alteration of the lacrimal mucin component evaluated in the VKC group, and an improvement of the latter after CY therapy.
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Fu J, Becker C, Cao L, Capparelli M, Denay R, Fujimoto R, Gai Y, Gao Z, Guenat C, Karur S, Kim H, Li W, Li X, Li W, Lochmann T, Lu A, Lu P, Luneau A, Meier N, Mergo W, Ng S, Parker D, Peng Y, Riss B, Rivkin A, Roggo S, Schroeder H, Schuerch F, Simmons RL, Sun F, Sweeney ZK, Tjandra M, Wang M, Wang R, Weiss AH, Wenger N, Wu Q, Xiong X, Xu S, Xu W, Yifru A, Zhao J, Zhou J, Zürcher C, Gallou F. Development of a cyclosporin A derivative with excellent anti-hepatitis C virus potency. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:957-969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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Feldman SR, Lacy FA, Huang WW. The safety of treatments used in pyoderma gangrenosum. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 17:55-61. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1396316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve R. Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Frank A. Lacy
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - William W. Huang
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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80
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Pan Z, Wu C, Wang W, Cheng Z, Yao G, Liu K, Li H, Fang L, Su W. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Gymnopeptides A and B. Org Lett 2017; 19:4420-4423. [PMID: 28799768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gymnopeptides A and B are unprecedented highly N-methylated cyclic β-hairpin octadecapeptides with striking antiproliferative activities isolated from the mushroom Gymnopus fusipes. Using Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis, followed by macrolactamization of the resulting linear peptides, the first total synthesis of gymnopeptides A and B was successfully achieved in this study. The coupling methods used for the solid-phase synthesis and the cyclization were optimized, and the configuration of the Ser1/Thr1 residue in gymnopeptide A/B was determined to be l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyin Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhehong Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guiyang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wu Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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Autocatalytic backbone N-methylation in a family of ribosomal peptide natural products. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:833-835. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Robinson BL, Dumas M, Ali SF, Paule MG, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Cyclosporine exacerbates ketamine toxicity in zebrafish: Mechanistic studies on drug-drug interaction. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1438-1447. [PMID: 28569378 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used in organ transplant patients to prevent allograft rejections. Ketamine is a pediatric anesthetic that noncompetitively inhibits the calcium-permeable N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors. Adverse drug-drug interaction effects between ketamine and CsA have been reported in mammals and humans. However, the mechanism of such drug-drug interaction is unclear. We have previously reported adverse effects of combination drugs, such as verapamil/ketamine and shown the mechanism through intervention by other drugs in zebrafish embryos. Here, we show that ketamine and CsA in combination produce developmental toxicity even leading to lethality in zebrafish larvae when exposure began at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), whereas CsA did not cause any toxicity on its own. We also demonstrate that acetyl l-carnitine (ALCAR) completely reversed the adverse effects. Both ketamine and CsA are CYP3A4 substrates. Although ketamine and CsA independently altered the expression of the hepatic marker CYP3A65, a zebrafish ortholog of human CYP3A4, both drugs together induced further increase in CYP3A65 expression. In the presence of ALCAR, however, CYP3A65 expression was normalized. ALCAR has been shown to prevent ketamine toxicity in mammal and zebrafish. In conclusion, CsA exacerbated ketamine toxicity and ALCAR reversed the effects. These results, providing evidence for the first time on the reversal of the adverse effects of CsA/ketamine interaction by ALCAR, would prove useful in addressing potential occurrences of such toxicities in humans. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Melanie Dumas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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de Molon RS, Sakakura CE, Faeda RS, Sartori R, Palhares D, Margonar R, Marcantonio E. Effect of the long-term administration of Cyclosporine A on bone healing around osseointegrated titanium implants: A histomorphometric study in the rabbit tibia. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1000-1008. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
- Department of Rheumatology; Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Celso Eduardo Sakakura
- Department of Periodontology; Barretos Dental School, Education Foundation of Barretos - FEB; Barretos SP Brazil
| | - Rafael Silveira Faeda
- Department of Health Sciences; Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Center of Araraquara - UNIARA Dental School; SP Brazil
| | - Rafael Sartori
- Department of Dentistry; Ponta Grossa State University; Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
| | - Daniel Palhares
- Department of Periodontology; Barretos Dental School, Education Foundation of Barretos - FEB; Barretos SP Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margonar
- Department of Health Sciences; Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Center of Araraquara - UNIARA Dental School; SP Brazil
| | - Elcio Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Araraquara SP Brazil
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84
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Smith WM. Cyclosporine: A Historical Perspective on Its Role in the Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:247-262. [PMID: 28287852 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of cyclosporine and uveitis is intertwined with the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) animal models and the understanding that T lymphocytes play a major role in the pathogenesis of uveitis. The early studies of CsA in uveitis also demonstrated the power of collaborative efforts in translational research. Dr. Robert Nussenblatt and his colleagues were the first to show that CsA can inhibit EAU. Over many years after the initial CsA experiments, Dr. Nussenblatt's group as well as others continued to study CsA under experimental conditions as well as in clinical trials with human patients. The data and observations from these studies significantly advanced our knowledge of uveitis pathophysiology and demonstrated the value of well-designed masked, controlled treatment trials in uveitis. Dr. Nussenblatt and his collaborators delved into the most significant adverse effect of CsA, renal toxicity, and helped elucidate the pathophysiology of renal injury. They explored adjunctive treatments to improve the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of CsA and also studied other members of the cyclosporine family. Among the immunosuppressives used to treat ocular inflammation, CsA was the first, and remains the only medication comprehensively studied under both experimental and clinical conditions.
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85
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Upregulation of embryonic stem cell marker Nanog in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with cyclosporine A: An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2016; 12:78-82. [PMID: 30895027 PMCID: PMC6395295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of medication with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). This study proposed to verify whether Nanog, an embryonic stem cell marker, contributes to gingival overgrowth stimulated with CsA in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and methods The effect of CsA on HGFs was used to elucidate whether Nanog expression could be induced by CsA using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Cell growth in CsA-treated HGFs with Nanog lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA interference knockdown was evaluated by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Results CsA upregulated Nanog transcript in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CsA was also shown to increase Nanog protein expression in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In addition, downregulation of Nanog by lentiviral infection significantly inhibited CsA-stimulated cell growth in HGFs (P < 0.05). Conclusion CsA upregulated Nanog expression and cell growth in HGFs, while silencing Nanog effectively reversed these phenomena. Nanog may act as a major switch in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
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86
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Magro-Checa C, Zirkzee EJ, Huizinga TW, Steup-Beekman GM. Management of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. Drugs 2016; 76:459-83. [PMID: 26809245 PMCID: PMC4791452 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a generic definition referring to a series of neurological and psychiatric symptoms directly related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). NPSLE includes heterogeneous and rare neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. Due to the lack of a gold standard, the attribution of NP symptoms to SLE represents a clinical challenge that obligates the strict exclusion of any other potential cause. In the acute setting, management of these patients does not differ from other non-SLE subjects presenting with the same NP manifestation. Afterwards, an individualized therapeutic strategy, depending on the presenting manifestation and severity of symptoms, must be started. Clinical trials in NPSLE are scarce and most of the data are extracted from case series and case reports. High-dose glucocorticoids and intravenous cyclophosphamide remain the cornerstone for patients with severe symptoms that are thought to reflect inflammation or an underlying autoimmune process. Rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins, or plasmapheresis may be used if response is not achieved. When patients present with mild to moderate NP manifestations, or when maintenance therapy is warranted, azathioprine and mycophenolate may be considered. When symptoms are thought to reflect a thrombotic underlying process, anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents are the mainstay of therapy, especially if antiphospholipid antibodies or antiphospholipid syndrome are present. Recent trials on SLE using new biologicals, based on newly understood SLE mechanisms, have shown promising results. Based on what we currently know about its pathogenesis, it is tempting to speculate how these new therapies may affect the management of NPSLE patients. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of NPSLE. We describe the most common pharmacological treatments used in NPSLE, based on both a literature search and our expert opinion. The extent to which new drugs in the advanced development of SLE, or the blockade of new targets, may impact future treatment of NPSLE will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Magro-Checa
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J Zirkzee
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Steup-Beekman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Becerik S, Celec P, Gürkan A, Öztürk VÖ, Kamodyova N, Atilla G, Emingil G. Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Levels of Transglutaminase-2 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cyclosporin A-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1508-1516. [PMID: 27468796 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase (TGM)-2 has been shown to contribute to fibrosis by extracellular matrix accumulation in some organs and is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma TGM-2 and oxidative stress markers (OSMs) in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). METHODS The study enrolled 20 healthy (H) individuals; 20 patients with gingivitis (G); 20 CsA-medicated patients with GO (CsA GO+); and 20 CsA-medicated patients without GO (CsA GO-). GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spectrofluorometry was used to analyze thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); total oxidant status (TOS); and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). RESULTS GCF TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.001) groups. GCF TBARS level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with other groups (CsA GO- group: P = 0.003; G group: P <0.001; and H group: P <0.001) and was higher in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.048). GCF FRAP level was lower in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.04). Both CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups had lower GCF TOS levels than H (P <0.001 and P = 0.002) and G (P = 0.003 and P = 0.04). GCF TAC was higher in CsA GO+ than in H (P = 0.02). Plasma TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.002). Plasma FRAP level was higher in H and CsA GO- than in CsA GO+ (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS CsA use significantly alters GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 and OSMs. TGM-2 may contribute to CsA-induced GO in CsA-treated patients by changing GCF and plasma levels of OSMs. Further studies are needed to prove causality and its direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Becerik
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Peter Celec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ali Gürkan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Natalia Kamodyova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gül Atilla
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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88
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Yazıcı H, Gürelik G, Yaylacıoğlu Tuncay F, Uyar Göçün P. Ciliary Tissue Transplantation in the Rabbit Eye: Does the Localization of the Graft Affect Survival? Ophthalmic Res 2016; 57:70-76. [PMID: 27388749 DOI: 10.1159/000446320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether ciliary body transplantation is applicable, the graft is viable and the localization of the graft material affects graft survival. METHODS Fifteen female New Zealand white rabbits were used. Three of them were used as donors, and a ciliary body graft was prepared from their enucleated eyes. There are two groups in the study according to the localization of the ciliary body graft in the anterior chamber. The graft was placed on the iris surface close to the pupil margin in group 1 and adjacent to the anterior chamber angle in group 2. Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine A was given to the rabbits of both groups. The rabbits were sacrificed 1 month after ciliary transplantation, and their eyes were enucleated. After fixation, the graft and the surrounding tissue were examined by a pathologist macroscopically and microscopically with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS One month after the transplantation, the treated eyes remained inflammation free, and the transplants seemed to be viable with evident vascularization and without hemorrhage and necrotic tissue. When we compared groups 1 and 2, there were no statistically significant differences in the histopathological findings between the groups. The grafts were found to be similar with normal ciliary tissue in regard to necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis, and there were no statistically significant differences in inflammatory cell density and in the epithelial cell morphology between the normal ciliary tissue and the grafts. CONCLUSION Transplantation of allograft ciliary tissue either onto the surface of the iris or the anterior chamber angle under immunosuppression could be an effective treatment for chronic ocular hypotony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Yazıcı
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kızılcaham State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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90
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Cetinkaya BO, Acikgoz G, Keles GC, Ayas B, Korkmaz A. The Effect of Cyclosporin A on Alveolar Bone in Rats Subjected to Experimental Periodontal Disease. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:716-22. [PMID: 17162529 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600826269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA), broadly used in organ transplantation, may contribute to pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CsA on alveolar bone in rats subjected or not to experimental periodontal disease using biochemical, radiographic, and histometric analysis. Forty Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: Group I (Control), Group II (CsA was injected subcutaneously in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg), Group III (Ligature was placed around the mandibular molars), Group IV (Ligature+CsA). After 60 days, rats were decapitated, serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels were measured. Radiographic-alveolar bone loss (ABL), histometric-ABL, and percentage of new alveolar bone formation (NABF%) were determined on mandibular molars. Significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels ( p < 0.001), no significant difference in calcium levels were observed ( p > 0.05) in Group IV compared to Group III. Radiographic and histometric-ABL were significantly less ( p < 0.001), NABF% was significantly greater ( p < 0.05) in Group IV than in Group III. No significant difference in any of the parameters between Group II and Group I was found. It can be concluded that in the presence of periodontal disease, CsA treatment may bring out an imbalance in the alveolar bone homeostasis by decreasing resorption and stimulating formation of alveolar bone in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ozkan Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun 55139, Turkey.
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91
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Lambert SM, Nigusse SD, Alembo DT, Walker SL, Nicholls PG, Idriss MH, Yamuah LK, Lockwood DNJ. Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Ciclosporin to Prednisolone in the Treatment of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Two Randomised, Double Blind, Controlled Pilot Studies in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004149. [PMID: 26919207 PMCID: PMC4769289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is a serious complication of leprosy. It is normally treated with high dose steroids, but its recurrent nature leads to prolonged steroid usage and associated side effects. There is little evidence on the efficacy of alternative treatments for ENL, especially for patients who have become steroid resistant or have steroid side effects. These two pilot studies compare the efficacy and side effect profile of ciclosporin plus prednisolone against prednisolone alone in the treatment of patients with either new ENL or chronic and recurrent ENL. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen patients with new ENL and twenty patients with chronic ENL were recruited into two double-blinded randomised controlled trials. Patients were randomised to receive ciclosporin and prednisolone or prednisolone treatment only. Patients with acute ENL had a delay of 16 weeks in the occurrence of ENL flare-up episode, with less severe flare-ups and decreased requirements for additional prednisolone. Patients with chronic ENL on ciclosporin had the first episode of ENL flare-up 4 weeks earlier than those on prednisolone, as well as more severe ENL flare-ups requiring 2.5 times more additional prednisolone. Adverse events attributable to prednisolone were more common that those attributable to ciclosporin. CONCLUSIONS This is the first clinical trial on ENL management set in the African context, and also the first trial in leprosy to use patients' assessment of outcomes. Patients on ciclosporin showed promising results in the management of acute ENL in this small pilot study. But ciclosporin, did not appear to have a significant steroid-sparing effects in patients with chronic ENL, which may have been due to the prolonged use of steroids in these patients in combination with a too rapid decrease of steroids in patients given ciclosporin. Further research is needed to determine whether the promising results of ciclosporin in acute ENL can be reproduced on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba M. Lambert
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shimelis D. Nigusse
- All Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training (ALERT) Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Digafe T. Alembo
- All Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training (ALERT) Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen L. Walker
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Nicholls
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Munir H. Idriss
- All Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training (ALERT) Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lawrence K. Yamuah
- Data Management, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Diana N. J. Lockwood
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Magro-Checa C, Zirkzee EJ, Huizinga TW, Steup-Beekman GM. Management of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. Drugs 2016. [PMID: 26809245 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0534-3"] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a generic definition referring to a series of neurological and psychiatric symptoms directly related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). NPSLE includes heterogeneous and rare neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. Due to the lack of a gold standard, the attribution of NP symptoms to SLE represents a clinical challenge that obligates the strict exclusion of any other potential cause. In the acute setting, management of these patients does not differ from other non-SLE subjects presenting with the same NP manifestation. Afterwards, an individualized therapeutic strategy, depending on the presenting manifestation and severity of symptoms, must be started. Clinical trials in NPSLE are scarce and most of the data are extracted from case series and case reports. High-dose glucocorticoids and intravenous cyclophosphamide remain the cornerstone for patients with severe symptoms that are thought to reflect inflammation or an underlying autoimmune process. Rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins, or plasmapheresis may be used if response is not achieved. When patients present with mild to moderate NP manifestations, or when maintenance therapy is warranted, azathioprine and mycophenolate may be considered. When symptoms are thought to reflect a thrombotic underlying process, anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents are the mainstay of therapy, especially if antiphospholipid antibodies or antiphospholipid syndrome are present. Recent trials on SLE using new biologicals, based on newly understood SLE mechanisms, have shown promising results. Based on what we currently know about its pathogenesis, it is tempting to speculate how these new therapies may affect the management of NPSLE patients. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of NPSLE. We describe the most common pharmacological treatments used in NPSLE, based on both a literature search and our expert opinion. The extent to which new drugs in the advanced development of SLE, or the blockade of new targets, may impact future treatment of NPSLE will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Magro-Checa
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J Zirkzee
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Steup-Beekman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ponnaiyan D, Jegadeesan V. Cyclosporine A: Novel concepts in its role in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 12:499-506. [PMID: 26759584 PMCID: PMC4696350 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.170546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine is a selective immunosuppressant that has a variety of applications in medical practice. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. This review considers the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and unwanted effects of cyclosporine, in particular the action of the drug on the gingival tissues. In addition, elucidates the current concepts in mechanisms of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth. Clinical and cell culture studies suggest that the mechanism of gingival overgrowth is a result of the interaction between the drug and its metabolites with susceptible gingival fibroblasts. Plaque-induced gingival inflammation appears to enhance this interaction. However, understanding of the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth is incomplete at best. Hence, it would be pertinent to identify and explore possible risk factors relating to both prevalence and severity of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Newer molecular approaches are needed to clearly establish the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth and to provide novel information for the design of future preventive and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Visakan Jegadeesan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MIOT Hospitals, Manapakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gut symbionts from distinct hosts exhibit genotoxic activity via divergent colibactin biosynthesis pathways. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 81:1502-12. [PMID: 25527542 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03283-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways are chemical mediators of microbial interactions in diverse environments. However, little is known about their distribution, evolution, and functional roles in bacterial symbionts associated with animals. A prominent example is colibactin, a largely unknown family of secondary metabolites produced by Escherichia coli via a hybrid NRPS-PKS biosynthetic pathway that inflicts DNA damage upon eukaryotic cells and contributes to colorectal cancer and tumor formation in the mammalian gut. Thus far, homologs of this pathway have only been found in closely related Enterobacteriaceae, while a divergent variant of this gene cluster was recently discovered in a marine alphaproteobacterial Pseudovibrio strain. Herein, we sequenced the genome of Frischella perrara PEB0191, a bacterial gut symbiont of honey bees and identified a homologous colibactin biosynthetic pathway related to those found in Enterobacteriaceae. We show that the colibactin genomic island (GI) has conserved gene synteny and biosynthetic module architecture across F. perrara, Enterobacteriaceae, and the Pseudovibrio strain. Comparative metabolomics analyses of F. perrara and E. coli further reveal that these two bacteria produce related colibactin pathway-dependent metabolites. Finally, we demonstrate that F. perrara, like E. coli, causes DNA damage in eukaryotic cells in vitro in a colibactin pathway-dependent manner. Together, these results support that divergent variants of the colibactin biosynthetic pathway are widely distributed among bacterial symbionts, producing related secondary metabolites and likely endowing its producer with functional capabilities important for diverse symbiotic associations.
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Di Lernia V, Stingeni L, Boccaletti V, Calzavara Pinton PG, Guarneri C, Belloni Fortina A, Panzone M, Corazza M, Neri I, Cambiaghi S, Lasagni C, Ficarelli E, Gisondi P. Effectiveness and safety of cyclosporine in pediatric plaque psoriasis: A multicentric retrospective analysis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 27:395-8. [PMID: 26571044 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine (CysA) is effective for psoriasis in adult patients but little data exist about its efficacy and safety in childhood and adolescence psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of CysA for childhood and adolescence psoriasis. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a group of children and adolescents (age < 17 years) with plaque psoriasis treated with CysA at several Italian dermatology clinics. RESULTS Our study population consisted of 38 patients. The median age at the start of treatment was 12.3 years. Therapy duration varied from one to 36 months. The median maintenance dosage per day was 3.2 mg/kg (range 2-5 mg/kg). Fifteen patients (39,4%) achieved a complete clearance or a good improvement of their psoriasis defined by an improvement from baseline of ≥75% in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) at week 16. Eight patients (21.05%) discontinued the treatment due to laboratory anomalies or adverse events. Serious events were not recorded. CONCLUSIONS In this case series, CysA was effective and well-tolerated treatment in a significant quote of children. CysA, when carefully monitored, may represent a therapeutic alternative to the currently used systemic immunosuppressive agents for severe childhood psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Di Lernia
- a Dermatology Unit , Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - L Stingeni
- b Department of Medicine , Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - V Boccaletti
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Dermatology, Parma University Hospital , Parma , Italy
| | | | - C Guarneri
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Dermatology, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - A Belloni Fortina
- f Department of Medicine , Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - M Panzone
- g Department of Dermatology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - M Corazza
- h Department of Medical Sciences , Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - I Neri
- i Department of Specialistic , Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - S Cambiaghi
- j UOC Dermatologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinic of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - C Lasagni
- k Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Dermatology Unit , University of Modena , Modena , Italy , and
| | - E Ficarelli
- a Dermatology Unit , Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - P Gisondi
- l Department of Medicine , Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona , Italy
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96
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Küster D, Spuls PI, Flohr C, Smith C, Hooft L, Deckert S, Schwennesen T, Roekevisch E, Schmitt J. Effects of systemic immunosuppressive therapies for moderate-to-severe eczema in children and adults. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Küster
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technische Universität Dresden; Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany 01307
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Academisch Medisch Centrum; Department of Dermatology; A0-227, Meibergdreef 9 Amsterdam Netherlands 1105 AZ
| | - Carsten Flohr
- St Thomas' Hospital; Department of Paediatric Dermatology and Children's Allergies; Lambeth Palace Road London UK SE1 7EH
| | - Catherine Smith
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys Hospital, London Bridge London UK SE1 9RT
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care / University Medical Center Utrecht; Dutch Cochrane Centre; Room Str. 6.127 P.O. Box 85500 Utrecht Netherlands 3508 GA
| | - Stefanie Deckert
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technische Universität Dresden; Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany 01307
| | | | - Evelien Roekevisch
- Academisch Medisch Centrum; Department of Dermatology; A0-227, Meibergdreef 9 Amsterdam Netherlands 1105 AZ
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden; Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare; Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden Germany 01307
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97
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Yoshida M, Ishida Y, Adachi K, Murase H, Nakagawa H, Doi T. Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Destruxin E Analogues. Chemistry 2015; 21:18417-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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98
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Nielsen DS, Lohman RJ, Hoang HN, Hill TA, Jones A, Lucke AJ, Fairlie DP. Flexibility versus Rigidity for Orally Bioavailable Cyclic Hexapeptides. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2289-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Nielsen
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Rink-Jan Lohman
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Huy N. Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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99
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Sachewsky N, Hunt J, Cooke MJ, Azimi A, Zarin T, Miu C, Shoichet MS, Morshead CM. Cyclosporin A enhances neural precursor cell survival in mice through a calcineurin-independent pathway. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:953-61. [PMID: 25056698 PMCID: PMC4107324 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) has direct effects on neural stem and progenitor cells (together termed neural precursor cells; NPCs) in the adult central nervous system. Administration of CsA in vitro or in vivo promotes the survival of NPCs and expands the pools of NPCs in mice. Moreover, CsA administration is effective in promoting NPC activation, tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of cortical stroke. The mechanism(s) by which CsA mediates this cell survival effect remains unknown. Herein, we examined both calcineurin-dependent and calcineurin-independent pathways through which CsA might mediate NPC survival. To examine calcineurin-dependent pathways, we utilized FK506 (Tacrolimus), an immunosuppressive molecule that inhibits calcineurin, as well as drugs that inhibit cyclophilin A-mediated activation of calcineurin. To evaluate the calcineurin-independent pathway, we utilized NIM811, a non-immunosuppressive CsA analog that functions independently of calcineurin by blocking mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation. We found that only NIM811 can entirely account for the pro-survival effects of CsA on NPCs. Indeed, blocking signaling pathways downstream of calcineurin activation using nNOS mice did not inhibit CsA-mediated cell survival, which supports the proposal that the effects are calcinuerin-independent. In vivo studies revealed that NIM811 administration mimics the pro-survival effects of CsA on NPCs and promotes functional recovery in a model of cortical stroke, identical to the effects seen with CsA administration. We conclude that CsA mediates its effect on NPC survival through calcineurin-independent inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation and suggest that this pathway has potential therapeutic benefits for developing NPC-mediated cell replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sachewsky
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jessica Hunt
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Michael J Cooke
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ashkan Azimi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Taraneh Zarin
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Carween Miu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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100
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Chen SY, Chiang CY, Yeh YW, Tu HP, Chiu HC, Nieh S, Fu E. Effect of concomitant administration of nifedipine and tacrolimus on the development of gingival overgrowth in rats. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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