51
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulinomas are predominantly benign neuroendocrine tumors originating from beta cells within the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. Because surgical resection represents the only curative therapy option, exact tumor localization and discrimination of insulinomas from focal or diffuse manifestations of congenital hyperinsulinism are crucial for optimal treatment strategies. We investigated the diagnostic value of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor PET/CT using Ga-DOTA-exendin 4 for detecting insulinomas and compared the diagnostic value of PET scans performed at 2 time points. METHODS In 10 patients with clinically and biochemically suspected insulinoma, PET/CT was performed at 1 hour (PET1) and 2 hours (PET2) after injection of Ga-DOTA-exendin 4. In this retrospective analysis, tracer uptake was visually assessed in both scans by 2 independent readers. SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of focal lesions were assessed. Imaging results were compared with histopathologic findings, if patients underwent resection. RESULTS Increased focal Ga-DOTA-exendin 4 uptake was observed in 8 of 10 patients concordantly by both readers. Seven patients with focal uptake underwent surgery with tumor enucleation and histopathologic proof of insulinoma (7/8). Two of 10 patients without focal uptake were considered to suffer from diffuse form of congenital hyperinsulinism and consequently received medical treatment. A significant increase of tumoral SUVmax on PET2 (PET1: SUVmax 20.2 ± 8.2 g/mL; PET2: SUVmax 24.7 ± 7.9 g/mL; P = 0.0018) did not result in a significant improvement in TBR (PET1: TBR 4.9 ± 1.7; PET2: TBR 4.3 ± 1.2; P = 0.2892). CONCLUSIONS Focal uptake of Ga-DOTA-exendin 4 reliably indicated insulinomas as histopathologically confirmed in all patients undergoing consecutive surgery. The diagnostic value of PET2 was not found to be superior to PET1, indicating that a single 1-hour Ga-DOTA-exendin 4 PET/CT scan is a sufficient and convenient approach for patient care.
Collapse
|
52
|
Hübner R, von Kiedrowski V, Benkert V, Wängler B, Schirrmacher R, Krämer R, Wängler C. Hybrid Multimodal Imaging Synthons for Chemoselective and Efficient Biomolecule Modification with Chelator and Near-Infrared Fluorescent Cyanine Dye. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090250. [PMID: 32948032 PMCID: PMC7558102 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of hybrid multimodal imaging synthons (MIS), carrying in addition to a chelator for radiometal labeling also a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyanine dye was the aim of this work. The MIS should be introducible into biomolecules of choice via an efficient and chemoselective click chemistry reaction. After chemical optimization, a successful synthetic strategy towards such hybrid MIS was developed, based on solid phase-based synthesis techniques and applying different near-infrared fluorescent cyanine dyes. The developed hybrid agents were shown to be easily introducible into a model homobivalent peptidic gastrin-releasing peptide receptor- (GRPR)-specific carrier without forming any side products and the MIS as well as their bioconjugates were radiolabeled with the positron-emitter 68Ga3+. The hybrid multimodal agents were characterized with regard to their logDs, GRPR target affinities and photophysical characteristics. It could be shown that the properties of the bioconjugates were not per se affected by the introduction of the MIS but that the cyanine dye used and specifically the number of comprised negative charges per dye molecule can have a considerable influence on target receptor binding. Thus, the molecular toolbox described here enables the synthesis of tailored hybrid multimodal imaging synthons for biomolecule modification, meeting the specific need and envisioned application of the combined imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Hübner
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Valeska von Kiedrowski
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (V.v.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Vanessa Benkert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 274, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (V.v.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Roland Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 274, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Eychenne R, Bouvry C, Bourgeois M, Loyer P, Benoist E, Lepareur N. Overview of Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E4012. [PMID: 32887456 PMCID: PMC7504749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identified in 1973, somatostatin (SST) is a cyclic hormone peptide with a short biological half-life. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are widely expressed in the whole body, with five subtypes described. The interaction between SST and its receptors leads to the internalization of the ligand-receptor complex and triggers different cellular signaling pathways. Interestingly, the expression of SSTRs is significantly enhanced in many solid tumors, especially gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). Thus, somatostatin analogs (SSAs) have been developed to improve the stability of the endogenous ligand and so extend its half-life. Radiolabeled analogs have been developed with several radioelements such as indium-111, technetium-99 m, and recently gallium-68, fluorine-18, and copper-64, to visualize the distribution of receptor overexpression in tumors. Internal metabolic radiotherapy is also used as a therapeutic strategy (e.g., using yttrium-90, lutetium-177, and actinium-225). With some radiopharmaceuticals now used in clinical practice, somatostatin analogs developed for imaging and therapy are an example of the concept of personalized medicine with a theranostic approach. Here, we review the development of these analogs, from the well-established and authorized ones to the most recently developed radiotracers, which have better pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrate increased efficacy and safety, as well as the search for new clinical indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- UPS, CNRS, SPCMIB (Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique)—UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (R.E.); (E.B.)
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint Herblain, France;
- CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Inserm, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Bouvry
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, F-35000, France;
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mickael Bourgeois
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint Herblain, France;
- CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Inserm, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer)—UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Eric Benoist
- UPS, CNRS, SPCMIB (Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique)—UMR 5068, Université de Toulouse, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (R.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, F-35000, France;
- INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer)—UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
A new 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analog containing two iodo-amino acids for dual somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 targeting. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:90. [PMID: 32757150 PMCID: PMC7406630 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin receptor (SST) targeting, specifically of the subtype 2 (SST2), with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, is established for imaging and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Owing to the concomitant and heterogeneous expression of several subtypes on the same tumor, analogs targeting more subtypes than SST2 potentially target a broader spectrum of tumors and/or increase the uptake of a given tumor. The analog ST8950 ((4-amino-3-iodo)-d-Phe-c[Cys-(3-iodo)-Tyr-d-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2), bearing 2 iodo-amino acids, exhibits sub-nanomolar affinity to SST2 and SST5. We report herein the development and preclinical evaluation of DOTA-ST8950 labeled with 68Ga, for imaging SST2- and SST5-expressing tumors. Comparative in vitro and in vivo studies were performed with the de-iodinated DOTA-ST8951 ((4-amino)-d-Phe-c[Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2) and with the reference compounds DOTA-TATE (SST2 selective) and DOTA-NOC (for SST2 and SST5). Results Compared with natGa-DOTA-NOC, natGa-DOTA-ST8950 exhibited higher affinity to SST2 and SST5 (IC50 (95%CI), nM = 0.32 (0.20–0.50) and 1.9 (1.1–3.1) vs 0.70 (0.50-0.96) and 3.4 (1.8-6.2), respectively), while natGa-DOTA-ST8951 lost affinity for both subtypes. natGa-DOTA-ST8950 had the same potency for inducing SST2-mediated cAMP accumulation as natGa-DOTA-TATE and slightly better than natGa-DOTA-NOC (EC50, nM = 0.46 (0.23–0.92) vs 0.47 (0.15–1.5) vs 0.59 (0.18–1.9), respectively). [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8950 had a similar internalization rate as [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC in SST2-expressing cells (12.4 ± 1.6% vs 16.6 ± 2.2%, at 4 h, p = 0.0586). In vivo, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8950 showed high and specific accumulation in SST2- and SST5-expressing tumors, comparable with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC (26 ± 8 vs 30 ± 8 %IA/g, p = 0.4630 for SST2 and 15 ± 6 vs 12 ± 5 %IA/g, p = 0.3282, for SST5, 1 h p.i.) and accumulation in the SST-positive tissues, the kidneys and the liver. PET/CT images of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8950, performed in a dual HEK-SST2 and HEK-SST5 tumor xenografted model, clearly visualized both tumors and illustrated high tumor-to-background contrast. Conclusions [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8950 reveals its potential for PET imaging SST2- and SST5-expressing tumors. It compares favorably with the clinically used [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC in terms of tumor uptake; however, its uptake in the liver remains a challenge for clinical translation. In addition, this study reveals the essential role of the iodo-substitutions in positions 1 and 3 of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8950 for maintaining affinity to SST2 and SST5, as the de-iodinated [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ST8951 lost affinity for both receptor subtypes.
Collapse
|
55
|
Ashhar Z, Yusof NA, Ahmad Saad FF, Mohd Nor SM, Mohammad F, Bahrin Wan Kamal WH, Hassan MH, Ahmad Hassali H, Al-Lohedan HA. Preparation, Characterization, and Radiolabeling of [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Pamidronic Acid: A Potential PET Bone Imaging Agent. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112668. [PMID: 32526838 PMCID: PMC7321328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of bone metastases is crucial to prevent skeletal-related events, and for that, the non-invasive techniques to diagnose bone metastases that make use of image-guided radiopharmaceuticals are being employed as an alternative to traditional biopsies. Hence, in the present work, we tested the efficacy of a gallium-68 (68Ga)-based compound as a radiopharmaceutical agent towards the bone imaging in positron emitting tomography (PET). For that, we prepared, thoroughly characterized, and radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid radiopharmaceutical, a 68Ga precursor for PET bone cancer imaging applications. The preparation of NODAGA-pamidronic acid was performed via the N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn). The unreacted NODAGA chelator was separated using the ion-suppression reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and the freeze-dried NODAGA-pamidronic acid was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The radiolabeling condition was found to be most optimum at a pH ranging from 4 to 4.5 and a temperature of above 60 °C. From previous work, we found that the pamidronic acid itself has a good bone binding affinity. Moreover, from the analysis of the results, the ionic structure of radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid has the ability to improve the blood clearance and may exert good renal excretion, enhance the bone-to-background ratio, and consequently the final image quality. This was reflected by both the in vitro bone binding assay and in vivo animal biodistribution presented in this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Ashhar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya 62250, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +966-11-467-5998 (F.M.); Fax: +966-11-467-9972 (F.M.)
| | - Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging (CDNI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.F.A.S.); (M.H.H.)
| | - Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (N.A.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +966-11-467-5998 (F.M.); Fax: +966-11-467-9972 (F.M.)
| | | | - Muhammad Hishar Hassan
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging (CDNI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.F.A.S.); (M.H.H.)
| | - Hazlina Ahmad Hassali
- Bahagian Teknologi Perubatan, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Selangor, Kajang 43600, Malaysia; (W.H.B.W.K.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Structural modifications of amino acid sequences of radiolabeled peptides for targeted tumor imaging. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
57
|
Successful Intra-arterial Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of DOTATOC-Negative High-Grade Liver Metastases of a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Using 177Lu-DOTA-LM3: A Somatostatin Receptor Antagonist. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:e165-e168. [PMID: 31977464 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonists have shown promise for imaging neuroendocrine neoplasms and the superiority to SSTR agonists, with lower liver background especially for the sensitive detection of liver metastases, higher tumor-to-background ratio, and favorable pharmacokinetics. The clinical data of radiolabeled SSTR antagonists for therapy are still limited. We report our experience treating a young patient with DOTATOC-negative high-grade liver metastases of a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm who underwent intra-arterial peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using SSTR antagonist Lu-DOTA-LM3, demonstrating an excellent response, nearly complete remission according to molecular imaging criteria and morphological partial remission, without any significant toxicity.
Collapse
|
58
|
Krebs S, O'Donoghue JA, Biegel E, Beattie BJ, Reidy D, Lyashchenko SK, Lewis JS, Bodei L, Weber WA, Pandit-Taskar N. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT with dosimetric 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan ( 177Lu-DOTA-JR11) SPECT/CT in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:3047-3057. [PMID: 32378020 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paired imaging/therapy with radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonists is a novel approach in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to compare tumor uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 and 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan (177Lu-DOTA-JR11) in patients with NETs. METHODS As part of a prospective clinical trial, 20 patients with metastatic NETs underwent 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT and serial imaging with 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. PET/CT and SPECT/CT parameters for lesion uptake and absorbed dose of 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan in lesions were compared using linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation. RESULTS A total of 95 lesions were analyzed on 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT and 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan SPECT/CT. SUVs and tumor-to-normal-tissue ratios on PET/CT and SPECT/CT were significantly correlated (p < 0.01), but the degree of correlation was modest with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.3 to 0.7. Variation in intrapatient lesional correlation was observed. Nevertheless, in all patients, the lesion SUVpeak uptake ratio for 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan vs. 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 was high; even in those with low uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT (SUVpeak ≤ 10), a ratio of 8.0 ± 5.2 was noted. Correlation of SUVpeak of 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 with projected 177Lu-satoreotide tetratexan-absorbed dose (n = 42) was modest (r = 0.5, p < 0.01), while excellent correlation of SUVpeak of 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan with projected 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan-absorbed dose was noted (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study shows that 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET can be used for patient selection and PRRT and that low tumor uptake on PET should not preclude patients from treatment with 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. The ability to use single time-point SPECT/CT for absorbed dose calculations could facilitate dosimetry regimens, save costs, and improve patient convenience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Krebs
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Biegel
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley J Beattie
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Reidy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Bodei
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Renard E, Dancer PA, Portal C, Denat F, Prignon A, Goncalves V. Design of Bimodal Ligands of Neurotensin Receptor 1 for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2426-2433. [PMID: 31855417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) is overexpressed in most human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. It makes it an attractive target for the development of pancreatic cancer imaging agents. In this study, we sought to develop a bimodal positron emission tomography (PET)/fluorescent imaging agent capable of specifically targeting these receptors. Starting from the structure of a known NTSR1 agonist, a series of tracers were synthesized, radiometalated with gallium-68, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, in mice bearing an AsPC-1 xenograft. PET imaging allowed us to identify the compound [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Lys(Cy5**)-AEEAc-[Me-Arg8,Tle12]-NT(7-13) as the one with the most promising biodistribution profile, characterized by high tumor uptake (2.56 ± 0.97%ID/g, 1 h post-injection) and rapid elimination from nontargeted organs, through urinary excretion. Fluorescence imaging gave similar results. On this basis, fluorescence-guided resection of tumor masses was successfully carried out on a preclinical model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Renard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Prignon
- Sorbonne Université, UMS28 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Moléculaire Positonique (LIMP), 75020 Paris, France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Design, preparation and biological evaluation of a 177Lu-labeled somatostatin receptor antagonist for targeted therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
61
|
Behnammanesh H, Erfani M, Hajiramezanali M, Jokar S, Geramifar P, Sabzevari O, Amini M, Mazidi SM, Beiki D. Preclinical study of a new 177Lu-labeled somatostatin receptor antagonist in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 8:109-115. [PMID: 32714998 PMCID: PMC7354249 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2020.44432.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors have been targeted using various peptide analogs radiolabeled with therapeutic radionuclides for years. The better biomedical properties of radioantagonists as higher tumor uptake make these radioligands more attractive than agonists for somatostatin receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficiency of Luthetium-177 (177Lu) radiolabeled DOTA-Peptide 2 (177Lu-DOTA-Peptide 2) as a new radioantagonist in HT-29 human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS DOTA conjugated antagonistic peptide with the sequence of p-Cl-Phe-Cyclo(D-Cys-L-BzThi-D-Aph-Lys-Thr-Cys)-D-Tyr-NH2 (DOTA-Peptide 2) was labeled with 177Lu. In vitro assays (saturation binding assay and internalization test) and animal biodistribution were performed in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and HT-29 tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS 177Lu-DOTA-Peptide 2 showed high stability in acetate buffer and human plasma (>97%). Antagonistic property of 177Lu-DOTA-Peptide 2 was confirmed by low internalization in HT-29 cells (<5%). The desired dissociation constant (Kd =11.14 nM) and effective tumor uptake (10.89 percentage of injected dose per gram of tumor) showed high binding affinity of 177Lu-DOTA-Peptide 2 to somatostatin receptors. CONCLUSION 177Lu-DOTA-Peptide 2 demonstrated selective and high binding affinity to somatostatin receptors overexpressed on the surface of HT-29 cancer cells, which could make this radiopeptide suitable for somatostatin receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Behnammanesh
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- These authors shared first authorship
| | - Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
- These authors shared first authorship
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazidi
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Orteca G, Sinnes JP, Rubagotti S, Iori M, Capponi PC, Piel M, Rösch F, Ferrari E, Asti M. Gallium-68 and scandium-44 labelled radiotracers based on curcumin structure linked to bifunctional chelators: Synthesis and characterization of potential PET radiotracers. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 204:110954. [PMID: 31838188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin metal complexes showed widespread applications in medicine and can be exploited as a lead structure for developing new tracers for nuclear medicine application. Herein, the synthesis, chemical characterization and radiolabelling with gallium-68 and scandium-44 of two new targeting vectors based on curcumin scaffolds and linked to the chelators 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA) and 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-[bis(carboxymethyl)]amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine (AAZTA) are reported. Synthesis of the precursors could be achieved with a 13% and 11% yield and radiolabelling generally afforded rapid incorporation under mild conditions (>95%). Stability in physiological media (~75% after 2 h in human blood for [68Ga]Ga-/[44Sc]Sc-AAZTA-PC21 and ~60% for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-C21, respectively) are generally enhanced if compared to the previously radiolabelled analogues. MSn fragmentation experiments showed high stability of the AAZTA-PC21 structure mainly due to the pyrazole derivatization of the curcumin keto-enol moiety and a more feasible radiolabelling was noticed both with gallium-68 and scandium-44 mainly due to the AAZTA-chelator properties. [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-C21 showed the most favorable lipophilicity value (logD = 1.3). Due to these findings, both compounds appear to be promising candidates for the imaging of colorectal cancer, but further studies such as in vitro uptake and in vivo biodistribution experiments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orteca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Sinnes
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, D-55126 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Rubagotti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Michele Iori
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pier Cesare Capponi
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Markus Piel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, D-55126 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, D-55126 Mainz, Germany
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Radford LL, Fernandez S, Beacham R, El Sayed R, Farkas R, Benešová M, Müller C, Lapi SE. New 55Co-labeled Albumin-Binding Folate Derivatives as Potential PET Agents for Folate Receptor Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040166. [PMID: 31717279 PMCID: PMC6958329 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on different tumor types (e.g., ovarian, lung) make FRs attractive in vivo targets for directed diagnostic/therapeutic agents. Currently, no diagnostic agent suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) has been adopted for clinical FR imaging. In this work, two 55Co-labeled albumin-binding folate derivatives-[55Co]Co-cm10 and [55Co]Co-rf42-with characteristics suitable for PET imaging have been developed and evaluated. High radiochemical yields (≥95%) and in vitro stabilities (≥93%) were achieved for both compounds, and cell assays demonstrated FR-mediated uptake. Both 55Co-labeled folate conjugates demonstrated high tumor uptake of 17% injected activity per gram of tissue (IA/g) at 4 h in biodistribution studies performed in KB tumor-bearing mice. Renal uptake was similar to other albumin-binding folate derivatives, and liver uptake was lower than that of previously reported [64Cu]Cu-rf42. Small animal PET/CT images confirmed the biodistribution results and showed the clear delineation of FR-expressing tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. Radford
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Solana Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Rebecca Beacham
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Retta El Sayed
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Renata Farkas
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Benešová
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Comparison of DOTA and NODAGA as chelates for 68Ga-labelled CDP1 as novel infection PET imaging agents. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
65
|
|
66
|
Erdmann S, Niederstadt L, Koziolek EJ, Gómez JDC, Prasad S, Wagener A, von Hacht JL, Reinicke S, Exner S, Bandholtz S, Beindorff N, Brenner W, Grötzinger C. CMKLR1-targeting peptide tracers for PET/MR imaging of breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6719-6733. [PMID: 31588246 PMCID: PMC6771245 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular targeting remains to be a promising approach in oncology. Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in human cancer is offering a powerful opportunity for tumor-selective imaging and treatment employing nuclear medicine. We utilized novel chemerin-based peptide conjugates for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) targeting in a breast cancer xenograft model. Methods: By conjugation with the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), we obtained a family of five highly specific, high-affinity tracers for hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging. A xenograft model with target-positive DU4475 and negative A549 tumors in immunodeficient nude mice enabled CMKLR1-specific imaging in vivo. We acquired small animal PET/MR images, assessed biodistribution by ex vivo measurements and investigated the tracer specificity by blocking experiments. Results: Five CMKLR1-targeting peptide tracers demonstrated high biological activity and affinity in vitro with EC50 and IC50 values below 2 nM. Our target-positive (DU4475) and target-negative (A549) xenograft model could be validated by ex vivo analysis of CMKLR1 expression and binding. After preliminary PET imaging, the three most promising tracers [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AHX-CG34, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-KCap-CG34 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ADX-CG34 with best tumor uptake were further analyzed. Hybrid PET/MR imaging along with concomitant biodistribution studies revealed distinct CMKLR1-specific uptake (5.1% IA/g, 3.3% IA/g and 6.2% IA/g 1 h post-injection) of our targeted tracers in DU4475 tumor tissue. In addition, tumor uptake was blocked by excess of unlabeled peptide (6.4-fold, 5.5-fold and 3.4-fold 1 h post-injection), further confirming CMKLR1 specificity. Out of five tracers, we identified these three tracers with moderate, balanced hydrophilicity to be the most potent in receptor-mediated tumor targeting. Conclusion: We demonstrated the applicability of 68Ga-labeled peptide tracers by visualizing CMKLR1-positive breast cancer xenografts in PET/MR imaging, paving the way for developing them into theranostics for tumor treatment.
Collapse
|
67
|
Okoye NC, Baumeister JE, Najafi Khosroshahi F, Hennkens HM, Jurisson SS. Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heather M. Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
| | - Silvia S. Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Mansi R, Fani M. Design and development of the theranostic pair 177 Lu-OPS201/ 68 Ga-OPS202 for targeting somatostatin receptor expressing tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:635-645. [PMID: 31112618 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (sstr) antagonists have shown superiority in different preclinical and clinical settings compared with the well-established and clinically used agonists for targeting sstr-expressing tumors, with regard to pharmacokinetics, tumor uptake, and retention. The theranostic pair 177 Lu-OPS201/68 Ga-OPS202, based on the sstr2 antagonist JR11 (Cpa-c[d-Cys-Aph(Hor)-d-Aph(Cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys]-d-Tyr-NH2 ), is the most advanced pair of the antagonist family in terms of preclinical development and is currently under clinical evaluation. OPS201 and OPS202 share the same amino acid sequence (JR11) but feature different conjugated chelators needed for radiolabeling, DOTA for OPS201 and NODAGA for OPS202. In this review, the design and development of the peptidic analog, JR11, and the selection of chelators and radiometals that led to 177 Lu-OPS201/68 Ga-OPS202 are discussed. Furthermore, the preclinical evaluation of both radiolabeled analogs from bench to bedside and the clinical trials involving the theranostic pair are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Leygue N, Enel M, Diallo A, Mestre-Voegtlé B, Galaup C, Picard C. Efficient Synthesis of a Family of Bifunctional Chelators Based on the PCTA[12] Macrocycle Suitable for Bioconjugation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Leygue
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Morgane Enel
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Abdel Diallo
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Béatrice Mestre-Voegtlé
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Chantal Galaup
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Claude Picard
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Makris G, Kuchuk M, Gallazzi F, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ, Hennkens HM. Somatostatin receptor targeting with hydrophilic [99mTc/186Re]Tc/Re-tricarbonyl NODAGA and NOTA complexes. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 71:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
71
|
Giovannini E, Giovacchini G, Borsò E, Lazzeri P, Riondato M, Leoncini R, Duce V, Ciarmiello A. [68Ga]-Dota Peptide PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Main Clinical Applications. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 12:11-22. [DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666181212101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) are generally defined as rare and heterogeneous
tumors. The gastrointestinal system is the most frequent site of NENs localization, however they
can be found in other anatomical regions, such as pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal
glands. Neuroendocrine neoplasms have significant clinical manifestations depending on the
production of active peptide.
Methods:
Imaging modalities play a fundamental role in initial diagnosis as well as in staging and
treatment monitoring of NENs, in particular they vastly enhance the understanding of the physiopathology
and diagnosis of NENs through the use of somatostatin analogue tracers labeled with appropriate
radioisotopes. Additionally, the use of somatostatin analogues provides the ability to in-vivo measure
the expression of somatostatin receptors on NEN cells, a process that might have important therapeutic
implications.
Results:
A large body of evidences showed improved accuracy of molecular imaging based on PET/CT
radiotracer with SST analogues (e.g. [68Ga]-DOTA peptide) for the detection of NEN lesions in comparison
to morphological imaging modalities. So far, the role of imaging technologies in assessing
treatment response is still under debate.
Conclusion:
This review offers the systems of classification and grading of NENs and summarizes the
more useful recommendations based on data recently published for the management of patients with
NENs, with special focus on the role of imaging modalities based on SST targeting with PET / CT
radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Borsò
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lazzeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Riondato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Rossella Leoncini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Valerio Duce
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciarmiello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Canovas C, Moreau M, Vrigneaud JM, Bellaye PS, Collin B, Denat F, Goncalves V. Modular Assembly of Multimodal Imaging Agents through an Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:888-897. [PMID: 30742423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of two imaging probes on the same biomolecule gives access to targeted bimodal imaging agents that can provide more accurate diagnosis, complementary information, or that may be used in different applications, such as nuclear imaging and fluorescence guided surgery. In this study, we demonstrate that dichlorotetrazine, a small, commercially available compound, can be used as a modular platform to easily assemble various imaging probes. Doubly labeled tetrazines can then be conjugated to a protein through a biorthogonal IEDDA reaction. A series of difunctionalized tetrazine compounds containing various chelating agents and fluorescent dyes was synthesized. As a proof of concept, one of these bimodal probes was conjugated to trastuzumab, previously modified with a constrained alkyne group, and the resulting dual-labeled antibody was evaluated in a mouse model, bearing a HER2-positive tumor. A significant uptake into tumor tissues was observed in vivo, by both SPECT-CT and fluorescence imaging, and confirmed ex vivo in biodistribution studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coline Canovas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Jean-Marc Vrigneaud
- Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France.,Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Radford LL, Papagiannopoulou D, Gallazzi F, Berendzen A, Watkinson L, Carmack T, Lewis MR, Jurisson SS, Hennkens HM. Synthesis and evaluation of Re/ 99mTc(I) complexes bearing a somatostatin receptor-targeting antagonist and labeled via a novel [N,S,O] clickable bifunctional chelating agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:492-501. [PMID: 30594453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) is often highly expressed on neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), making it a popular in vivo target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches aimed toward management of NETs. In this work, an antagonist peptide (sst2-ANT) with high affinity for SSTR2 was modified at the N-terminus with a novel [N,S,O] bifunctional chelator (2) designed for tridentate chelation of rhenium(I) and technetium(I) tricarbonyl cores, [Re(CO)3]+ and [99mTc][Tc(CO)3]+. The chelator-peptide conjugation was performed via a Cu(I)-assisted click reaction of the alkyne-bearing chelator (2) with an azide-functionalized sst2-ANT peptide (3), to yield NSO-sst2-ANT (4). Two synthetic methods were used to prepare Re-4 at the macroscopic scale, which differed based on the relative timing of the click conjugation to the [Re(CO)3]+ complexation by 2. The resulting products demonstrated the expected molecular mass and nanomolar in vitro SSTR2 affinity (IC50 values under 30 nM, AR42J cells, [125I]iodo-Tyr11-somatostatin-14 radioligand standard). However, a difference in their HPLC retention times suggested a difference in metal coordination modes, which was attributed to a competing N-triazole donor ligand formed during click conjugation. Surprisingly, the radiotracer scale reaction of [99mTc][Tc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ (99mTc; t½ = 6 h, 141 keV γ) with 4 formed a third product, distinct from the Re analogues, making this one of the unusual cases in which Re and Tc chemistries are not well matched. Nevertheless, the [99mTc]Tc-4 product demonstrated excellent in vitro stability to challenges by cysteine and histidine (≥98% intact through 24 h), along with 75% stability in mouse serum through 4 h. In vivo biodistribution and microSPECT/CT imaging studies performed in AR42J tumor-bearing mice revealed improved clearance of this radiotracer in comparison to a similar [99mTc][Tc(CO)3]-labeled sst2-ANT derivative previously studied. Yet despite having adequate tumor uptake at 1 h (4.9% ID/g), tumor uptake was not blocked by co-administration of a receptor-saturating dose of SS-14. Aimed toward realignment of the Re and Tc product structures, future efforts should include distancing the alkyne group from the intended donor atoms of the chelator, to reduce the coordination options available to the [M(CO)3]+ core (M = Re, 99mTc) by disfavoring involvement of the N-triazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Radford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Molecular Interaction Core, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ashley Berendzen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lisa Watkinson
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Terry Carmack
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Heather M Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, 1513 Research Park Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Buitinga M, Jansen T, van der Kroon I, Woliner-van der Weg W, Boss M, Janssen M, Aarntzen E, Béhé M, Wild D, Visser E, Brom M, Gotthardt M. Succinylated Gelatin Improves the Theranostic Potential of Radiolabeled Exendin-4 in Insulinoma Patients. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:812-816. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.219980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
75
|
Makris G, Radford LL, Kuchuk M, Gallazzi F, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ, Hennkens HM. NOTA and NODAGA [ 99mTc]Tc- and [ 186Re]Re-Tricarbonyl Complexes: Radiochemistry and First Example of a [ 99mTc]Tc-NODAGA Somatostatin Receptor-Targeting Bioconjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4040-4049. [PMID: 30412382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the long-term goal of developing theranostic agents for applications in nuclear medicine, in this work we evaluated the well-known NOTA and NODAGA chelators as bifunctional chelators (BFCs) for the [99mTc/186Re]Tc/Re-tricarbonyl core. In particular, we report model complexes of the general formula fac-[M(L)(CO)3]+ (M = Re, 99mTc, 186Re) where L denotes NOTA-Pyr (1) or NODAGA-Pyr (2), which are derived from conjugation of NOTA/NODAGA with pyrrolidine (Pyr). Further, as proof-of-principle, we synthesized the peptide bioconjugate NODAGA-sst2-ANT (3) and explored its complexation with the fac-[Re(CO)3]+ and fac-[99mTc][Tc(CO)3]+ cores; sst2-ANT denotes the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonist 4-NO2-Phe-c(DCys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-DTyr-NH2. Rhenium complexes Re-1 through Re-3 were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically, and receptor binding affinity was demonstrated for Re-3 in SSTR-expressing cells (AR42J, IC50 = 91 nM). Radiolabeled complexes [99mTc]Tc/[186Re]Re-1/2 and [99mTc]Tc-3 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (>90%, determined by radio-HPLC) by reacting [99mTc]/[186Re][Tc/Re(OH2)3(CO)3]+ with 1-3 and correlated well with the respective Re-1 through Re-3 standards in comparative HPLC studies. All radiotracers remained intact through 24 h (99mTc-labeled complexes) or 48 h (186Re-labeled complexes) against 1 mM l-histidine and 1 mM l-cysteine (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Similarly, rat serum stability studies displayed no decomposition and low nonspecific binding of 9-24% through 4 h. Biodistribution of [99mTc]Tc-3 in healthy CF-1 mice demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Rapid clearance was observed within 1 h post-injection, predominantly via the renal system (82% of the injected dose was excreted in urine by 1 h), with low kidney retention (% ID/g: 11 at 1 h, 5 at 4 h, and 1 at 24 h) and low nonspecific uptake in other organs/tissues. Our findings establish NOTA and NODAGA as outstanding BFCs for the fac-[M(CO)3]+ core in the design and development of organometallic radiopharmaceuticals. Future in vivo studies of [99mTc]Tc- and [186Re]Re-tricarbonyl complexes of NODAGA/NOTA-biomolecule conjugates will further probe the potential of these chelates for nuclear medicine applications in diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles J Smith
- Research Service , Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital , Columbia , Missouri 65201 , United States.,Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri 65212 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kumar Nagarajan S, Babu S, Sohn H, Devaraju P, Madhavan T. Toward a better understanding of the interaction between somatostatin receptor 2 and its ligands: a structural characterization study using molecular dynamics and conceptual density functional theory. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3081-3102. [PMID: 30079808 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1508368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is a part of the extensive research intending to provide the structural insights on somatostatin and its receptor. Herein, we have studied the structural complexity involved in the binding of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) with its agonists and antagonist. A 3D QSAR study based on comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) discerned that a SSTR2 ligand with electronegative, less-bulkier, and hydrogen atom donating/accepting substitutions is important for their biological activity. A conceptual density functional theory (DFT) study was followed to study the chemical behavior of the ligands based on the molecular descriptors derived using the Fukui's molecular orbital theory. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of receptor-ligand complexes for 100 ns to analyze the dynamic stability of the backbone Cα atoms of the receptor and strength and approachability of the receptor-ligand complex. The findings of this study could be efficacious in the further studies understanding intricate structural features of the somatostatin receptors and in discovering novel subtype-specific ligands with higher affinity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Sathya Babu
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- b Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials , Chosun University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- c Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology , Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research , Pondicherry , India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Hicks RJ, Jackson P, Kong G, Ware RE, Hofman MS, Pattison DA, Akhurst TA, Drummond E, Roselt P, Callahan J, Price R, Jeffery CM, Hong E, Noonan W, Herschtal A, Hicks LJ, Hedt A, Harris M, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. 64Cu-SARTATE PET Imaging of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors Demonstrates High Tumor Uptake and Retention, Potentially Allowing Prospective Dosimetry for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:777-785. [PMID: 30442752 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.217745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging of somatostatin receptor expression is an established technique for staging of neuroendocrine neoplasia and determining the suitability of patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. PET/CT using 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs is superior to earlier agents, but the rapid physical decay of the radionuclide poses logistic and regulatory challenges. 64Cu has attractive physical characteristics for imaging and provides a diagnostic partner for the therapeutic radionuclide 67Cu. Based on promising preclinical studies, we have performed a first-time-in-humans trial of 64Cu-MeCOSar-Tyr3-octreotate (64Cu-SARTATE) to assess its safety and ability to localize disease at early and late imaging time-points. Methods: In a prospective trial, 10 patients with known neuroendocrine neoplasia and positive for uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) PET/CT underwent serial PET/CT imaging at 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h after injection of 64Cu-SARTATE. Adverse reactions were recorded, and laboratory testing was performed during infusion and at 1 and 7 d after imaging. Images were analyzed for lesion and normal-organ uptake and clearance to assess lesion contrast and perform dosimetry estimates. Results: 64Cu-SARTATE was well tolerated during infusion and throughout the study, with 3 patients experiencing mild infusion-related events. High lesion uptake and retention were observed at all imaging time-points. There was progressive hepatic clearance over time, providing the highest lesion-to-liver contrast at 24 h. Image quality remained high at this time. Comparison of 64Cu-SARTATE PET/CT obtained at 4 h to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT obtained at 1 h indicated comparable or superior lesion detection in all patients, especially in the liver. As expected, the highest early physiologic organ uptake was in the kidneys, liver, and spleen. Conclusion: 64Cu-SARTATE is safe and has excellent imaging characteristics. High late-retention in tumor and clearance from the liver suggest suitability for diagnostic studies and for prospective dosimetry for 67Cu-SARTATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and the half-life of 64Cu would also facilitate good-manufacturing-practice production and distribution to sites without access to 68Ga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J Hicks
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Price Jackson
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grace Kong
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert E Ware
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A Akhurst
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Drummond
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Roselt
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Callahan
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger Price
- Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Charmaine M Jeffery
- Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Emily Hong
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Noonan
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Herschtal
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren J Hicks
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amos Hedt
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
PET/MR imaging has the potential to markedly alter pancreatic care in both the malignant, and premalignant states with the ability to perform robust, high-resolution, quantitative molecular imaging. The ability of PET/MR imaging to monitor disease processes, potentially correct for motion in the upper abdomen, and provide novel biomarkers that may be a combination of MR imaging and PET biomarkers, offers a unique, precise interrogation of the pancreatic milieu going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mallak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M391, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander R Guimaraes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Solomon VR, Gonzalez C, Alizadeh E, Bernhard W, Hartimath SV, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. 99mTc(CO) 3+ labeled domain I/II-specific anti-EGFR (scFv) 2 antibody fragment for imaging EGFR expression. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:437-446. [PMID: 30103192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators (BFCs) are covalently linked to biologically active targeting molecules and radiolabeled with radiometals. Technetium-99 m (99mTc) is the most widely used isotope in nuclear medicine because of its excellent physical properties. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel BFC that allows for the labeling of antibodies and antibody fragments using the 99mTc(CO)3+ core which forms a very stable complex with 99mTc in the +1 oxidation sate. This study reports the synthesis of a BFC 1-pyrrolidinyl-2,5-dione-11-(bis((1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)amino)undecanoic acid (SAAC-CIM NHS ester), and the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-SAAC-CIM-DLO6-(scFv)2 (99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2), a domain I/II-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor I (anti-EGFR) antibody fragment. The chelator allowed radiolabeling the (scFv)2 antibody fragment in very mild conditions with no significant decrease in binding to EGFR. Radiochemical yields of >50% (radiochemical purity > 95%) of the resulting anti-EGFR (scFv)2 immunoconjugate 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 was obtained. The radioimmunoconjugate was stable in histidine challenge experiments with less than 20% transchelation at 24 h after challenge in the presence of a 1500-fold excess of histidine. In vivo biodistribution of 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 indicates that the tracer was mainly cleared via renal excretion and to a lesser extent via the hepatobiliary pathway. The microSPECT imaging studies performed in mice confirmed the in vitro affinity results. The 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 shows some promising properties and warrants further investigation for imaging EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Abiraj K, Ursillo S, Tamma ML, Rylova SN, Waser B, Constable EC, Fani M, Nicolas GP, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. The tetraamine chelator outperforms HYNIC in a new technetium-99m-labelled somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:75. [PMID: 30069789 PMCID: PMC6070450 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin receptor targeting radiopeptides are successfully being used to image, stage, and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumours. They are exclusively agonists that internalise upon binding to the relevant receptor. According to recent reports, antagonists may be preferable to agonists. To date, 99mTc-labelled somatostatin receptor antagonists have attracted little attention. Here, we report on a new somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) antagonist, SS-01 (p-Cl-Phe-cyclo(D-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys)D-Tyr-NH2), with the aim of developing 99mTc-labelled ligands for SPECT/CT imaging. SS-01 was prepared using Fmoc solid-phase synthesis and subsequently coupled to the chelators 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), 6-carboxy-1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane (N4), and 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) to form the corresponding peptide-chelator conjugates SS-03, SS-04, and SS-05, respectively. SS-04 and SS-05 were radiolabelled with 99mTc and SS-03 with 177Lu. Binding affinity and antagonistic properties were determined using autoradiography and immunofluorescence microscopy. Biodistribution and small animal SPECT/CT studies were performed on mice bearing HEK293-rsst2 xenografts. Results The conjugates showed low nanomolar sst2 affinity and antagonistic properties. 177Lu-DOTA-SS-01 (177Lu-SS-03) and 99mTc-N4-SS-01 (99mTc-SS-04) demonstrated high cell binding and low internalisation, whereas 99mTc-HYNIC/edda-SS-01 (99mTc-SS-05) showed practically no cellular uptake in vitro. The 99mTc-SS-04 demonstrated impressive tumour uptake at early time points, with 47% injected activity per gram tumour (%IA/g) at 1 h post-injection. The tumour uptake persisted after 4 h and was 32.5 %IA/g at 24 h. The uptake in all other organs decreased much more rapidly leading to high tumour-to-normal organ ratios, which was reflected in high-contrast SPECT/CT images. Conclusions These data indicate a very promising 99mTc-labelled sst2-targeting antagonist. The results demonstrate high sensitivity of the 99mTc-labelling strategy, which was shown to strongly influence the receptor affinity, contrary to corresponding agonists. 99mTc-SS-04 exhibits excellent pharmacokinetics and imaging properties and appears to be a suitable candidate for SPECT/CT clinical translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0428-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keelara Abiraj
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Steinentorberg 8/12, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samer Ursillo
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luisa Tamma
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana N Rylova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Waser
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melpomeni Fani
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume P Nicolas
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut R Maecke
- Divisions of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Tolmachev V, Grönroos TJ, Yim CB, Garousi J, Yue Y, Grimm S, Rajander J, Perols A, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O, Ferdani R, Orlova A, Anderson CJ, Karlström AE. Molecular design of radiocopper-labelled Affibody molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6542. [PMID: 29695813 PMCID: PMC5916907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of long-lived positron emitters 64Cu or 61Cu for labelling of Affibody molecules may improve breast cancer patients’ stratification for HER-targeted therapy. Previous animal studies have shown that the use of triaza chelators for 64Cu labelling of synthetic Affibody molecules is suboptimal. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that the use of cross-bridged chelator, CB-TE2A, in combination with Gly-Glu-Glu-Glu spacer for labelling of Affibody molecules with radiocopper would improve imaging contrast. CB-TE2A was coupled to the N-terminus of synthetic Affibody molecules extended either with a glycine (designation CB-TE2A-G-ZHER2:342) or Gly-Glu-Glu-Glu spacer (CB-TE2A-GEEE-ZHER2:342). Biodistribution and targeting properties of 64Cu-CB-TE2A-G-ZHER2:342 and 64Cu-CB-TE2A-GEEE-ZHER2:342 were compared in tumor-bearing mice with the properties of 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1, which had the best targeting properties in the previous study. 64Cu-CB-TE2A-GEEE-ZHER2:342 provided appreciably lower uptake in normal tissues and higher tumor-to-organ ratios than 64Cu-CB-TE2A-G-ZHER2:342 and 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1. The most pronounced was a several-fold difference in the hepatic uptake. At the optimal time point, 6 h after injection, the tumor uptake of 64Cu-CB-TE2A-GEEE-ZHER2:342 was 16 ± 6%ID/g and tumor-to-blood ratio was 181 ± 52. In conclusion, a combination of the cross-bridged CB-TE2A chelator and Gly-Glu-Glu-Glu spacer is preferable for radiocopper labelling of Affibody molecules and, possibly, other scaffold proteins having high renal re-absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Cheng-Bin Yim
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Grimm
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Perols
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, Bioengineering and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Rylova SN, Stoykow C, Del Pozzo L, Abiraj K, Tamma ML, Kiefer Y, Fani M, Maecke HR. The somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 outperforms 64Cu-DOTA-TATE in a mouse xenograft model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195802. [PMID: 29668724 PMCID: PMC5906006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-64 is an attractive radionuclide for PET imaging and is frequently used in clinical applications. The aim of this study was to perform a side-by-side comparison of the in vitro and in vivo performance of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 (NODAGA = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid,4,7-acetic acid, JR11 = p-Cl-Phe-cyclo(D-Cys-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys)D-Tyr-NH2), a somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist, with the clinically used sst2 agonist 64Cu-DOTA-TATE ((TATE = D-Phe-cyclo(Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys)Thr). In vitro studies demonstrated Kd values of 5.7±0.95 nM (Bmax = 4.1±0.18 nM) for the antagonist 64/natCu-NODAGA-JR11 and 20.1±4.4. nM (Bmax = 0.48±0.18 nM) for the agonist 64/natCu-DOTA-TATE. Cell uptake studies showed the expected differences between agonists and antagonists. Whereas 64Cu-DOTA-TATE (the agonist) showed very effective internalization in the cell culture assay (with 50% internalized at 4 hours post-peptide addition under the given experimental conditions), 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 (the antagonist) showed little internalization but strong receptor-mediated uptake at the cell membrane. Biodistribution studies of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 showed rapid blood clearance and tumor uptake with increasing tumor-to-relevant organ ratios within the first 4 hours and in some cases, 24 hours, respectively. The tumor washout was slow or non-existent in the first 4 hours, whereas the kidney washout was very efficient, leading to high and increasing tumor-to-kidney ratios over time. Specificity of tumor uptake was proven by co-injection of high excess of non-radiolabeled peptide, which led to >80% tumor blocking. 64Cu-DOTA-TATE showed less favorable pharmacokinetics, with the exception of lower kidney uptake. Blood clearance was distinctly slower and persistent higher blood values were found at 24 hours. Uptake in the liver and lung was relatively high and also persistent. The tumor uptake was specific and similar to that of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 at 1 h, but release from the tumor was very fast, particularly between 4 and 24 hours. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios were distinctly lower after 1 hour. This is indicative of insufficient in vivo stability. PET studies of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 reflected the biodistribution data with nicely delineated tumor and low background. 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 shows promising pharmacokinetic properties for further translation into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Rylova
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Stoykow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Del Pozzo
- Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keelara Abiraj
- Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luisa Tamma
- Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Kiefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmut R. Maecke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lucente E, Liu H, Liu Y, Hu X, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Cheng Z. Novel 64Cu Labeled RGD2-BBN Heterotrimers for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1595-1604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Lucente
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Xiang Hu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Park JA, Lee JW, Kim HK, Shin UC, Lee KC, Kim TJ, Chang Y, Kim KM, Kim JY, Lee YJ. Radiometallic Complexes of DO3A-Benzothiazole Aniline for Nuclear Medicine Theranostics. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1133-1141. [PMID: 29381860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop a radioactive metal complex platform for tumor theranostics, we introduced three radiopharmaceutical derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid-benzothiazole aniline (DO3A-BTA, L1) labeled with medical radioisotopes for diagnosis (68Ga/64Cu) and therapy (177Lu). The tumor-targeting ability of these complexes was demonstrated in a cellular uptake experiment, in which 177Lu-L1 exhibited markedly higher uptake in HeLa cells than the 177Lu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid complex. According to in vivo positron emission tomography imaging, high accumulation of 68Ga-L1 and 64Cu-L1 was clearly visualized in the tumor site, while 177Lu-L1 showed therapeutic efficacy in therapy experiments. Consequently, this molecular platform represents a useful approach in nuclear medicine toward tumor-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals when 68Ga-L1 or 64Cu-L1 is used for diagnosis, 177Lu-L1 is used for therapy, or two of the compounds are used in conjunction with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Park
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Ji Woong Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | | | - Un Chol Shin
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | | | | | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Medical Radiation Equipment , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Zhang H, Kanduluru AK, Desai P, Ahad A, Carlin S, Tandon N, Weber WA, Low PS. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel 64Cu- and 67Ga-Labeled Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist for in Vivo Targeting of NK1R-Positive Tumor Xenografts. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1319-1326. [PMID: 29466853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is expressed in gliomas and neuroendocrine malignancies and represents a promising target for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate a novel NK1R ligand (NK1R-NOTA) for targeting NK1R-expressing tumors. Using a carboxymethyl moiety linked to L-733060 as a starting reagent, NK1R-NOTA was synthesized in a three-step reaction and then labeled with 64Cu (or 67Ga for in vitro studies) in the presence of CH3COONH4 buffer. The radioligand affinity and cellular uptake were evaluated with NK1R-transduced HEK293 cells (HEK293-NK1R) and NK1R nontransduced HEK293 cells (HEK293-WT) and their xenografts. Radiolabeled NK1R-NOTA was obtained with a radiochemical purity of >95% and specific activities of >7.0 GBq/μmol for 64Cu and >5.0 GBq/μmol for 67Ga. Both 64Cu- and 67Ga-labeled NK1R-NOTA demonstrated high levels of uptake in HEK293-NK1R cells, whereas co-incubation with an excess of NK1R ligand L-733060 reduced the level of uptake by 90%. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging showed that [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA had a accumulated rapidly in HEK293-NK1R xenografts and a 10-fold lower level of uptake in HEK293-WT xenografts. Radioactivity was cleared by gastrointestinal tract and urinary systems. Biodistribution studies confirmed that the tumor-to-organ ratios were ≥5 for all studied organs at 1 h p.i., except kidneys, liver, and intestine, and that the tumor-to-intestine and tumor-to-kidney ratios were also improved 4 and 20 h post-injection. [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA is a promising ligand for PET imaging of NK1R-expressing tumor xenografts. Delayed imaging with [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA improves image contrast because of the continuous clearance of radioactivity from normal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Pooja Desai
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Afruja Ahad
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Nidhi Tandon
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Price TW, Greenman J, Stasiuk GJ. Current advances in ligand design for inorganic positron emission tomography tracers 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:15702-15724. [PMID: 26865360 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key part of the development of metal based Positron Emission Tomography probes is the chelation of the radiometal. In this review the recent developments in the chelation of four positron emitting radiometals, 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc, are explored. The factors that effect the chelation of each radio metal and the ideal ligand system will be discussed with regards to high in vivo stability, complexation conditions, conjugation to targeting motifs and complexation kinetics. A series of cyclic, cross-bridged and acyclic ligands will be discussed, such as CP256 which forms stable complexes with 68Ga under mild conditions and PCB-TE2A which has been shown to form a highly stable complex with 64Cu. 89Zr and 44Sc have seen significant development in recent years with a number of chelates being applied to each metal - eight coordinate di-macrocyclic terephthalamide ligands were found to rapidly produce more stable complexes with 89Zr than the widely used DFO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Sarkar S, Bhatt N, Ha YS, Huynh PT, Soni N, Lee W, Lee YJ, Kim JY, Pandya DN, An GI, Lee KC, Chang Y, Yoo J. High in Vivo Stability of 64Cu-Labeled Cross-Bridged Chelators Is a Crucial Factor in Improved Tumor Imaging of RGD Peptide Conjugates. J Med Chem 2018; 61:385-395. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Nikunj Bhatt
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Department
of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Department
of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Darpan N. Pandya
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Gwang Il An
- Department
of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Department
of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Mansour N, Paquette M, Ait-Mohand S, Dumulon-Perreault V, Guérin B. Evaluation of a novel GRPR antagonist for prostate cancer PET imaging: [ 64 Cu]-DOTHA 2 -PEG-RM26. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
90
|
Fani M, Nicolas GP, Wild D. Somatostatin Receptor Antagonists for Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:61S-66S. [PMID: 28864614 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (sstr) scintigraphy for imaging and sstr analogs for treatment have been used for more than 20 y. An important improvement in recent years was the introduction of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with radiolabeled sstr agonists, such as [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide or [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide (90Y- or 177Lu-DOTATOC, respectively) and [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE). PET/CT with 68Ga-labeled sstr agonists, such as 68Ga-DOTATOC, 68Ga-DOTATATE, and [68Ga-DOTA,1-Nal3]octreotide (68Ga-DOTANOC), plays an important role in staging and restaging neuroendocrine tumors. Most importantly, sstr scintigraphy and sstr PET/CT can distinguish patients who will qualify for and benefit from peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. This characteristic of sstr targeting is important because it allows a personalized treatment approach (theranostic approach). Until recently, it was thought that internalization of the radiolabeled agonist was mandatory for sstr-mediated imaging and therapy. It was Ginj et al. who proposed in 2006 the paradigm shift that radiolabeled sstr antagonists may perform better than agonists despite the lack of internalization. Despite the rather limited number of head-to-head comparisons of sstr antagonists and agonists, the superiority of sstr antagonists was demonstrated in several cases. From a small library of sstr antagonists, the analog JR11 (Cpa-c[d-Cys-Aph(Hor)-d-Aph(Cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys]-d-Tyr-NH2), an antagonist with selectivity for sstr subtype 2, showed the best overall characteristics for sstr subtype 2 targeting and was therefore selected for clinical translation. JR11 is under clinical development as a PET imaging agent when labeled with 68Ga (68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 or 68Ga-OPS202) and as a therapeutic agent when labeled with 177Lu (177Lu-DOTA-JR11 or 177Lu-OPS201). In this article, we discuss the development and current status of radiolabeled sstr antagonists. Evidence based on preclinical work, on quantitative in vivo autoradiography of human tumor slices, and on human data now supports a shift to sstr antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Guillaume P Nicolas
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Center for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Severin GW, Kristensen LK, Nielsen CH, Fonslet J, Jensen AI, Frellsen AF, Jensen KM, Elema DR, Maecke H, Kjær A, Johnston K, Köster U. Neodymium-140 DOTA-LM3: Evaluation of an In Vivo Generator for PET with a Non-Internalizing Vector. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:98. [PMID: 28748183 PMCID: PMC5506079 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
140Nd (t1/2 = 3.4 days), owing to its short-lived positron emitting daughter 140Pr (t1/2 = 3.4 min), has promise as an in vivo generator for positron emission tomography (PET). However, the electron capture decay of 140Nd is chemically disruptive to macrocycle-based radiolabeling, meaning that an in vivo redistribution of the daughter 140Pr is expected before positron emission. The purpose of this study was to determine how the delayed positron from the de-labeled 140Pr affects preclinical imaging with 140Nd. To explore the effect, 140Nd was produced at CERN-ISOLDE, reacted with the somatostatin analogue, DOTA-LM3 (1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane, 1,4,7- tri acetic acid, 10- acetamide N - p-Cl-Phecyclo(d-Cys-Tyr-d-4-amino-Phe(carbamoyl)-Lys-Thr-Cys)d-Tyr-NH2) and injected into H727 xenograft bearing mice. Comparative pre- and post-mortem PET imaging at 16 h postinjection was used to quantify the in vivo redistribution of 140Pr following 140Nd decay. The somatostatin receptor-positive pancreas exhibited the highest tissue accumulation of 140Nd-DOTA-LM3 (13% ID/g at 16 h) coupled with the largest observed redistribution rate, where 56 ± 7% (n = 4, mean ± SD) of the in situ produced 140Pr washed out of the pancreas before decay. Contrastingly, the liver, spleen, and lungs acted as strong sink organs for free 140Pr3+. Based upon these results, we conclude that 140Nd imaging with a non-internalizing vector convolutes the biodistribution of the tracer with the accumulation pattern of free 140Pr. This redistribution phenomenon may show promise as a probe of the cellular interaction with the vector, such as in determining tissue dependent internalization behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Severin
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lotte K Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Fonslet
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders F Frellsen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K M Jensen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dennis R Elema
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helmut Maecke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulli Köster
- ISOLDE, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Maina T, Nock BA, Kulkarni H, Singh A, Baum RP. Theranostic Prospects of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor–Radioantagonists in Oncology. PET Clin 2017; 12:297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
93
|
Rösch F, Herzog H, Qaim SM. The Beginning and Development of the Theranostic Approach in Nuclear Medicine, as Exemplified by the Radionuclide Pair 86Y and 90Y. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E56. [PMID: 28632200 PMCID: PMC5490413 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of radiopharmacy and molecular imaging, the concept of theranostics entails a therapy-accompanying diagnosis with the aim of a patient-specific treatment. Using the adequate diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, the disease and the state of the disease are verified for an individual patient. The other way around, it verifies that the radiopharmaceutical in hand represents a target-specific and selective molecule: the "best one" for that individual patient. Transforming diagnostic imaging into quantitative dosimetric information, the optimum radioactivity (expressed in maximum radiation dose to the target tissue and tolerable dose to healthy organs) of the adequate radiotherapeutical is applied to that individual patient. This theranostic approach in nuclear medicine is traced back to the first use of the radionuclide pair 86Y/90Y, which allowed a combination of PET and internal radiotherapy. Whereas the β-emitting therapeutic radionuclide 90Y (t½ = 2.7 d) had been available for a long time via the 90Sr/90Y generator system, the β⁺ emitter 86Y (t½ = 14.7 h) had to be developed for medical application. A brief outline of the various aspects of radiochemical and nuclear development work (nuclear data, cyclotron irradiation, chemical processing, quality control, etc.) is given. In parallel, the paper discusses the methodology introduced to quantify molecular imaging of 86Y-labelled compounds in terms of multiple and long-term PET recordings. It highlights the ultimate goal of radiotheranostics, namely to extract the radiation dose of the analogue 90Y-labelled compound in terms of mGy or mSv per MBq 90Y injected. Finally, the current and possible future development of theranostic approaches based on different PET and therapy nuclides is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55126, Germany.
| | - Hans Herzog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), INM-4 (Physics of Medical Imaging), Research Center Jülich, Jülich D-52425, Germany.
| | - Syed M Qaim
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), INM-5 (nuclear Chemistry), Research Center Jülich, Jülich D-52425, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Marciniak A, Brasuń J. Somatostatin analogues labeled with copper radioisotopes: current status. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017; 313:279-289. [PMID: 28804185 PMCID: PMC5533839 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising way to treat patients with inoperable tumors or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. This therapeutic strategy is using radiolabeled peptides, which are capable of selective biding to receptors overexpressed in the cancer cells. One of the group of receptor-avid peptide used in the PRRT are the analogues of somatostatin (SST) connected to the complexes of radionuclides (e.g. 90Y, 177Lu or 111In). Many studies have shown that radiopharmaceuticals based on Cu radioisotopes are promising for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. This mini-review focuses on recent developments and summarises the results of multiple studies addressing SST agonists and antagonists radiolabeled to Cu radioisotopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Brasuń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ghosh SC, Rodriguez M, Carmon KS, Voss J, Wilganowski NL, Schonbrunn A, Azhdarinia A. A Modular Dual-Labeling Scaffold That Retains Agonistic Properties for Somatostatin Receptor Targeting. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1858-1864. [PMID: 28572490 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.187971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery is an emerging imaging technique that can enhance the ability of surgeons to detect tumors when compared with visual observation. To facilitate characterization, fluorescently labeled probes have been dual-labeled with a radionuclide to enable cross-validation with nuclear imaging. In this study, we selected the somatostatin receptor imaging agent DOTATOC as the foundation for developing a dual-labeled analog. We hypothesized that a customized dual-labeling approach with a multimodality chelation (MMC) scaffold would minimize steric effects of dye conjugation and retain agonist properties. Methods: An MMC conjugate (MMC-TOC) was synthesized on solid-phase and compared with an analog prepared using conventional methods (DA-TOC). Both analogs were conjugated to IRDye 800 using copper-free click chemistry. The resulting compounds, MMC(IR800)-TOC and DA(IR800)-TOC, were labeled with Cu and 64Cu and tested in vitro in somatostatin receptor subtype 2-overexpressing HEK-293 cells to assess agonist properties, and in AR42J rat pancreatic cancer cells to determine receptor binding characteristics. Multimodality imaging was performed in AR42J xenografts. Results: Cu-MMC(IR800)-TOC demonstrated higher potency for cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibition (half maximal effective concentration [EC50]: 0.21 ± 0.18 vs. 1.38 ± 0.54 nM) and receptor internalization (EC50: 41.9 ± 29.8 vs. 455 ± 299 nM) than Cu-DA(IR800)-TOC. Radioactive uptake studies showed that blocking with octreotide caused a dose-dependent reduction in 64Cu-MMC(IR800)-TOC uptake whereas 64Cu-DA(IR800)-TOC was not affected. In vivo studies revealed higher tumor uptake for 64Cu-MMC(IR800)-TOC than 64Cu-DA(IR800)-TOC (5.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.4 percentage injected dose per gram). In vivo blocking studies with octreotide reduced tumor uptake of 64Cu-MMC(IR800)-TOC by 66%. Excretion of 64Cu-MMC(IR800)-TOC was primarily through the liver and spleen whereas 64Cu-DA(IR800)-TOC was cleared through the kidneys. Ex vivo analysis at 24 h confirmed PET/CT data by showing near-infrared fluorescence signal in tumors and a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 5.3 ± 0.8 as determined by γ-counting. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that drug design affected receptor pharmacology and suggest that the MMC scaffold is a useful tool for the development of dual-labeled imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen C Ghosh
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Melissa Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Julie Voss
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Nathaniel L Wilganowski
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Agnes Schonbrunn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Rubagotti S, Croci S, Ferrari E, Orteca G, Iori M, Capponi PC, Versari A, Asti M. Uptake of Ga-curcumin derivatives in different cancer cell lines: Toward the development of new potential 68Ga-labelled curcuminoids-based radiotracers for tumour imaging. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:113-119. [PMID: 28511061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the ability to suppress the proliferation and to kill tumour cells, several studies have shown the anti-cancer effects of curcumin (CUR) and its derivatives, i.e. diacetylcurcumin (DAC) and bis-dehydroxycurcumin (bDHC). This study is focused onto the development of curcuminoid complexes with gallium-68 employed as potential new radio-labelled probes to detect neoplastic tissues through imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography. To this purpose, the uptake of three Ga-curcuminoid complexes, namely Ga(CUR)2+, Ga(DAC)2+, Ga(bDHC)2+, by various tumour cell lines was compared with the uptake of the same compounds by normal human lymphocytes by flow cytometry using the intrinsic fluorescence of the curcuminoids. Ga(CUR)2+, and particularly Ga(DAC)2+, showed a higher uptake by colorectal carcinoma (HT29) and lymphoma (K562) cell lines than lymphocytes, while the uptake of Ga(bDHC)2+ was higher in lymphocytes than in all the other cell lines. Based on the fluorescence data, Gallium-68 labelled complexes were then tested in HT29 cell line. 68Ga(DAC)2+ showed the highest uptake by HT29 cells (higher internalization with a lower externalization) and the highest affinity. The obtained results are promising and the findings foster further investigation on the development of curcumin-metal-based radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rubagotti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Advanced Technologies Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine Department, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Orteca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Iori
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Advanced Technologies Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pier C Capponi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Advanced Technologies Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annibale Versari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Advanced Technologies Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Advanced Technologies Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Nicolas GP, Mansi R, McDougall L, Kaufmann J, Bouterfa H, Wild D, Fani M. Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Dosimetry of 177Lu-, 90Y-, and 111In-Labeled Somatostatin Receptor Antagonist OPS201 in Comparison to the Agonist 177Lu-DOTATATE: The Mass Effect. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1435-1441. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.191684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
99
|
Dude I, Zhang Z, Rousseau J, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Merkens H, Lin KS, Bénard F. Evaluation of agonist and antagonist radioligands for somatostatin receptor imaging of breast cancer using positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:4. [PMID: 29503845 PMCID: PMC5824694 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sstr2) is expressed on a majority of luminal breast cancers, however SPECT and scintigraphy imaging with agonistic sstr2 probes has been sub-optimal. High affinity antagonists can access more binding sites on the cell surface, resulting in higher tumor uptake and improved sensitivity. We compared the tumor uptake and biodistribution of the antagonist 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 with two agonists 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) and 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE), in the human, sstr2-positive, luminal breast cancer model: ZR-75-1. Results Peptides were assayed for binding affinity using a filtration-based competitive assay to sstr2. natGa-DOTATOC and natGa-DOTATATE had excellent affinity (inhibition constant Ki: 0.9 ± 0.1 nM and 1.4 ± 0.3 nM respectively) compared to natGa-NODAGA-JR11 (25.9 ± 0.2 nM). The number of binding sites on ZR-75-1 cells was determined in vitro by saturation assays. Agonist 67/natGa-DOTATOC bound to 6.64 ± 0.39 × 104 sites/cells, which was 1.5-fold higher than 67/natGa-NODAGA-JR11 and 2.3-fold higher than 67/natGa-DOTATATE. All three 68Ga-labeled peptides were obtained in good decay-corrected radiochemical yield (61-68%) and were purified by high performance liquid chromatography to ensure high specific activity (137 – 281 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis). NOD scid gamma mice bearing ZR-75-1 tumors were injected intravenously with the labeled peptides and used for PET/CT imaging and biodistribution at 1 h post-injection. We found that 68Ga-DOTATOC had the highest tumor uptake (18.4 ± 2.9%ID/g), followed by 68Ga-DOTATATE (15.2 ± 2.2%ID/g) and 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 (12.2 ± 0.8%ID/g). Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were also higher for the agonists (>40 and >150 respectively), compared to the antagonist (15.6 ± 2.2 and 45.2 ± 11.6 respectively). Conclusions The antagonist 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 had the lowest tumor uptake and contrast compared to agonists 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE in ZR-75-1 xenografts. The main contributing factor to this result could be the use of an endogenously expressing cell line, which may differ from previously published transfected models in the number of low-affinity, antagonist-specific binding sites. The relative merit of agonists versus antagonists for sstr2 breast cancer imaging warrants further investigation, first in preclinical models with other sstr2-positive breast cancer xenografts, and ultimately in luminal breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-017-0023-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Dude
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Julie Rousseau
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada.,2Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - François Bénard
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada.,2Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Pirisedigh A, Blais V, Ait-Mohand S, Abdallah K, Holleran BJ, Leduc R, Dory YL, Gendron L, Guérin B. Synthesis and Evaluation of a 64Cu-Conjugate, a Selective δ-Opioid Receptor Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent. Org Lett 2017; 19:2018-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Pirisedigh
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Véronique Blais
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Khaled Abdallah
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brian J. Holleran
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yves L. Dory
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, ‡Department of Pharmacology and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
and §Laboratoire de Synthèse
Supramoléculaire, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|