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Human Bocavirus in Iranian children with acute gastroenteritis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2013; 27:127-31. [PMID: 24791122 PMCID: PMC3917485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Bocavirus (HBoV) infection is of worldwide distribution. There is increasing evidencethat HBoV is pathogenic for the human gastroenteric tract. However, less data are available on the role of HBoVin gastroenteritis. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of HBoV in children with gastroenteritis. METHODS Real-time PCR TaqMan was used to screen 200 stool specimens that had been referred to the virologylaboratory for HBoV evaluation. All of samples were collected on viral transport media. RESULTS Of the 200 stool samples analyzed, 16 (8%) were positive for HBoV. Human Bocavirus positive samplesfrom patients aged between 1 to 5 years with acute gastroenteritis infection suggest a minor role of HBoVin gastroenteritis (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION The study showed a high prevalence of human Bocavirus in young children with acute gastroenteritisdiseases in Iran, suggesting that HBoV play a role in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis.
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Viral aetiology in adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Jinan, Northern China. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:869521. [PMID: 23690828 PMCID: PMC3649347 DOI: 10.1155/2013/869521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in adult patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) between August 2009 and September 2010 in Jinan, northern China. Nasal and throat swabs (n = 596) were collected from adult patients with URTIs. Nine respiratory-related viruses, including IFV, PIV, HRV, HMPV, HBoV, HCoV, ADV, RSV, and EV, were detected in all samples by conventional and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. Positive detection rate for respiratory virus was 38.76% and codetection rate was 4.70% in adults with acute respiratory tract infections. IFV (20.81%) was the dominant agent detected and IFVB had a higher incidence (12.58%) than IFVA (7.72%). Detection rates of 8.22%, 5.03%, 3.69%, and 2.52% were observed for HBoV, HRV, EV, and RSV, respectively. HCoV had the lowest detection rate of 0.50%. HBoV, HRV, EV, and ADV infection rates were higher in the 14-25-year-old group than in the 26-65-year-old group. Codetection rates were higher (7.52%) in the 14-25-year-old group than in the older age group (2.64%). The spectrum of respiratory virus infection in adult patients with URTIs was different in Jinan compared with other cities in China.
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Abdel-Moneim AS, Kamel MM, Al-Ghamdi AS, Al-Malky MIR. Detection of bocavirus in children suffering from acute respiratory tract infections in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55500. [PMID: 23383205 PMCID: PMC3559585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) was recently discovered in children with respiratory distress and/or diarrhea. To our knowledge, no previous study has reported the existence of bocavirus in Saudi Arabia. Swabs samples from 80 children with respiratory tract infections were examined for the presence of HBoV. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used as a sensitive method to detect the HBoV. Direct gene sequencing was used to determine the genotype of the detected virus isolates. HBoV was detected in 22.5% of the examined patients. The NP1 partial gene sequence from all patients showed that the circulated strains were related to HBoV-1 genotype. Most of HBoV infected patients showed evidence of mixed coinfection with other viral pathogens. The current study clearly demonstrated that genetically conserved HBoV1 circulates in Saudi Arabia. Interestingly, most of the HBoV1 infected cases were associated with high rates of co-infections with other viruses.
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Schildgen O. Human bocavirus: lessons learned to date. Pathogens 2013; 2:1-12. [PMID: 25436878 PMCID: PMC4235705 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) was identified as the second human parvovirus with pathogenic potential in 2005 in respiratory samples from children suffering from viral respiratory infections of unknown etiology. Since its first description, a large number of clinical studies have been performed that address the clinical significance of HBoV detection and the molecular biology of the virus. This review summarizes the most important steps taken in HBoV research to date and addresses open questions that need to be answered in the future to provide a better understanding of the role of a virus that is difficult to grow in cell culture and is suspected to be a pathogen, although it has not yet fulfilled Koch’s postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schildgen
- Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Krankenhaus Merheim, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Institut für Pathologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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Romani S, Mohebbi SR, Khanyaghma M, Azimzadeh P, Bozorgi SM, Damavand B, Jadali F. Detection of human Bocavirus 1, 2 and 3 from patients with acute gastroenteritis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2013; 6:S77-81. [PMID: 24834292 PMCID: PMC4017530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Human Bocavirus isolates among Iranian patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis. BACKGROUND Human Bocavirus is a new parvovirus that has been identified in association with gastroenteritis. Limited data are available about HBoV in Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS Viral DNA was extracted from all 294 stool samples. HBoV DNA was detected in extracted samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 354 bp of noncapsid protein 1 (NP1) gene. In addition, all samples were also subjected to a nested PCR to amplify a 455 bp of nonstructural 1 (NS1) gene. RESULTS The main clinical symptoms among HBoV positive patients were diarrhea (77.7%), fever (62.9%), vomiting (55.5%), and anorexia (59.2%). NP1 PCR was positive in 8 samples (2.72%), NS1 was positive in 16 patients (5.44%) and 3 samples had positive results in both regions (1.02%). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HBoV could be considered as one of the important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis cases in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Romani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Khanyaghma
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Azimzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Majidizadeh Bozorgi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Damavand
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jadali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory sciences, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a global burden to public health and are frequently caused by respiratory viruses. Advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed the identification of previously undetected viral pathogens and have improved our understanding of respiratory virus infections. Here we review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of recently identified viruses including human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1, human rhinovirus C, bocavirus, WU and KI polyomaviruses, and parechovirus. The roles of these viruses in LRTIs in children and adults are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 9# Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichun Xiang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 9# Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 9# Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 9# Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
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Hustedt JW, Christie C, Hustedt MM, Esposito D, Vazquez M. Seroepidemiology of human bocavirus infection in Jamaica. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38206. [PMID: 22666484 PMCID: PMC3362556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified human parvovirus. HBoV is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis in children. Little is known about the seroepidemiology of HBoV in populations in the Caribbean. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica, 287 blood samples were collected from pediatric patients and tested for the presence of HBoV-specific antibody using a virus-like-particle based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS HBoV-specific antibodies were found to be present in 220/287 (76.7%) of samples collected from the pediatric population. Seroprevalence of HBoV was highest in those ≥2 years old. The seroepidemiological profile suggests that most children are exposed to HBoV during the first two years of life in Jamaica. CONCLUSION HBoV infection is common in children in Jamaica. HBoV seroprevalence rates in the Caribbean are similar to those previously reported in other areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Hustedt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Cashman O, O'Shea H. Detection of human bocaviruses 1, 2 and 3 in Irish children presenting with gastroenteritis. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1767-73. [PMID: 22614812 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus has been increasingly detected worldwide in patients suffering from gastroenteritis, with the highest incidence reported in children aged between 6 and 24 months. A total of 155 non-bacterial gastroenteritis samples consisting of rotavirus-, adenovirus- and norovirus-positive specimens were collected from patients in the Munster region of Ireland from 2006-2008. Of these 155, a total of 12 were positive for the presence of human bocavirus. Three types of human bocavirus were identified: HBoV1, 2 and 3. In addition, recombinant strains (n=4) were also isolated. This is the first report of all three types of HBoV being detected in southern Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cashman
- Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Arnott A, Vong S, Rith S, Naughtin M, Ly S, Guillard B, Deubel V, Buchy P. Human bocavirus amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:201-10. [PMID: 22531100 PMCID: PMC5780762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus that is associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV amongst hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Cambodia. STUDY DESIGN Samples were collected from 2773 patients of all ages hospitalised with symptoms of ALRI between 2007 and 2009. All samples were screened by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR for 18 respiratory viruses. All samples positive for HBoV were sequenced and included in this study. RESULTS Of the samples tested, 43 (1·5%) were positive for HBoV. The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and HBoV infections were detected year-round. The incidence of HBoV infection was highest in patients aged < 2 years, with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age. A total of 19 patients (44%) were co-infected with HBoV and an additional respiratory pathogen. All isolates were classified as HBoV type 1 (HBoV-1). High conservation between Cambodian NP1 and V1V2 gene sequences was observed. CONCLUSIONS Human bocavirus infection can result in serious illness, however is frequently detected in the context of viral co-infection. Specific studies are required to further understand the true pathogenesis of HBoV in the context of severe respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arnott
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Deng Y, Gu X, Zhao X, Luo J, Luo Z, Wang L, Fu Z, Yang X, Liu E. High viral load of human bocavirus correlates with duration of wheezing in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34353. [PMID: 22479609 PMCID: PMC3316689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly discovered parvovirus and increasing evidences are available to support its role as an etiologic agent in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The objective of this study is to assess the impact of HBoV viral load on clinical characteristics in children who were HBoV positive and suffered severe LRTI. Methods Lower respiratory tract aspirates from 186 hospitalized children with severe LRTI were obtained by bronchoscopy. HBoVs were detected by real-time PCR and other 10 infectious agents were examined using PCR and/or direct fluorescent assay. Results Thirty-one patients (24.6%) were tested positive for HBoV in the respiratory tract aspirates. Fifteen samples had a high viral load (>104 copies/mL) and the other sixteen samples had a low viral load (<104 copies/mL). The duration of presented wheezing and hospitalization was longer in children with high viral load of HBoV than that in children with low viral load. The days of wheezing showed a correlation with viral load of HBoV. Conclusion We confirmed that HBoV was frequently detected in patients with severe LRTI. Wheezing was one of the most common symptoms presented by patients with positive HBoV. A high HBoV viral load could be an etiologic agent for LRTI, which led to more severe lower respiratory tract symptom, longer duration of wheezing and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Paediatric unit of the Bethune International Peace Hospital of the PLA, Shijiazhuang Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Laboratory of Children's Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqiang Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ghietto LM, Cámara A, Zhou Y, Pedranti M, Ferreyra S, Frey T, Cámara J, Adamo MP. High prevalence of human bocavirus 1 in infants with lower acute respiratory tract disease in Argentina, 2007-2009. Braz J Infect Dis 2012; 16. [PMID: 22358354 PMCID: PMC7129757 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus whose association with respiratory disease is currently under investigation. OBJECTIVE To determine HBoV prevalence in children with lower acute respiratory infection. METHODS We investigated HBoV in 433 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected in 2007-2009 from children 0 to 5 years old hospitalized with bronchiolitis or pneumonia in Córdoba, Argentina. RESULTS The general prevalence of HBoV was 21.5% and the positive cases (HBoV+) were more frequent during winter and spring. The mean age of HBoV+ patients was 6.9 months, with 87.1% of the detections corresponding to infants less than 1 year old (among which the prevalence of HBoV was 26.3% in patients < 3 months of age, 22.1% in 3 to 6 months, 25.3% in 6 to 9 months, and 18.8% in 9 to 12 months). The sequence analysis of the NP1 coding region of 15 isolates showed that all isolates from Cordoba were HBoV1 which exhibited a homology of nearly 100% both among themselves and with the originally discovered virus from 2005. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate that HBoV is a significant pathogen that contributes to acute respiratory infection both on its own and during coinfection with other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Ghietto
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Cámara
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yumei Zhou
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mauro Pedranti
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Teryl Frey
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jorge Cámara
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina,Corresponding author at: Calle Enf. Grodillo Gómez S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Liu WK, Chen DH, Liu Q, Liang HX, Yang ZF, Qin S, Zhou R. Detection of human bocavirus from children and adults with acute respiratory tract illness in Guangzhou, southern China. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:345. [PMID: 22168387 PMCID: PMC3267697 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly discovered parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) and gastrointestinal illness. Our study is the first to analyze the characteristics of HBoV-positive samples from ARTI patients with a wide age distribution from Guangzhou, southern China. METHODS Throat swabs (n=2811) were collected and analyzed from children and adults with ARTI over a 13-month period. The HBoV complete genome from a 60 year-old female patient isolate was also determined. RESULTS HBoV DNA was detected in 65/2811 (2.3%) samples, of which 61/1797 were from children (<18 years old) and 4/1014 from adults (≥18 years old). Seasonal peaks of 4.8% and 7.7% were detected in May and June, respectively. 28 of 65 (43.1%) HBoV-positive samples were co-detected with 11/16 other potential pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest frequency of 16.9% (11/65). Upper and lower respiratory tract illness were common symptoms, with 19/65 (29.2%) patients diagnosed with pneumonia by chest radiography. All four adult patients had systemic influenza-like symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome revealed a close relationship with other HBoVs, and a more distant relationship with HBoV2 and HBoV3. CONCLUSIONS HBoV was detected from children and adults with ARTI from Guangzhou, southern China. Elderly people were also susceptive to HBoV. A single lineage of HBoV was detected among a wide age distribution of patients with ARTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Kang Da Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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Abstract
Most human viruses have been discovered through the diseases they cause in animals, plants, bacteria or fungi. Recent finds include human bocaviruses, which now seem to have a global distribution, and cause respiratory tract disease in infants, and several new pathogenic human coronaviruses. The SARS coronavirus, genetically distinct from all previously known coronaviruses, caused a disease which was highly transmissible and very severe, eventually leading to 8000 cases worldwide with over 800 deaths. Many viruses which are transmitted to humans by invertebrates, such as insects or ticks, have the ability to infect and replicate in cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate origin. However human virology is a rapidly expanding field and recent technologies such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification system have made it possible to look for previously unrecognized viruses which may or may not be involved in pathogenesis. For example viruses in the genus Anellovirus are found in 80% of human blood samples yet do not seem to cause any disease. This paper overviews known human vertebrate viruses, more recent discoveries, and recommends a systematic search for viruses which may already infect the human population but have so far remained undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W J Mahy
- National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
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Jartti T, Hedman K, Jartti L, Ruuskanen O, Allander T, Söderlund-Venermo M. Human bocavirus-the first 5 years. Rev Med Virol 2011; 22:46-64. [PMID: 22038931 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Four species of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been recently discovered and classified in the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae). Although detected both in respiratory and stool samples worldwide, HBoV1 is predominantly a respiratory pathogen, whereas HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 have been found mainly in stool. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection including rhinitis, pharyngitis, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, pneumonia, acute otitis media, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Many of these potential manifestations have not been systematically explored, and they have been questioned because of high HBoV co-infection rates in symptomatic subjects and high HBoV detection rates in asymptomatic subjects. However, evidence is mounting to show that HBoV1 is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness. The best currently available diagnostic approaches are quantitative PCR and serology. This concise review summarizes the current clinical knowledge on HBoV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Uršič T, Jevšnik M, Zigon N, Krivec U, Beden AB, Praprotnik M, Petrovec M. Human bocavirus and other respiratory viral infections in a 2-year cohort of hospitalized children. J Med Virol 2011; 84:99-108. [PMID: 22028039 PMCID: PMC7167050 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) infection is reported worldwide and may cause severe respiratory tract infections. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of HBoV, and other respiratory viral pathogens, in a 2‐year retrospective study of children admitted to hospital, and to investigate whether viral loads of HBoV DNA were associated with severity of infection. Between April 2007 and March 2009, 891 respiratory samples from 760 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infection were tested for the presence of respiratory viruses by real‐time PCR or direct immunofluorescence testing. HBoV DNA was detected by using internally controlled real‐time quantitative PCR assay and 25 samples selected at random were sequenced. The virus detected most frequently was rhinovirus, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, HBoV, and human metapneumovirus. HBoV DNA was detected in 18.4% of children admitted to hospital. HBoV was the only viral pathogen detected in 66/164 (40.2%) of HBoV DNA‐positive children and in 7.4% of all 891 samples. Ninety‐seven percent (64/66) of children with an HBoV single infection were diagnosed as having lower respiratory tract infection. Median HBoV DNA viral load was significantly higher in children when HBoV was detected as a single pathogen. Higher HBoV DNA viral loads were associated with prematurity and age. HBoV seems to be an important and frequent pathogen in respiratory tract infections in children, and it is likely that the severity of illness is comparable to the severity of RSV illness. J. Med. Virol. 84:99–108, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Uršič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Renaud C, Campbell AP. Changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:333-43. [PMID: 21666460 PMCID: PMC3210111 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3283480440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New respiratory viruses have been discovered in recent years and new molecular diagnostic assays have been developed that improve our understanding of respiratory virus infections. This article will review the changing epidemiology of these viruses after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in transplant recipients. A number of viruses have been newly discovered or emerged in the last decade, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new human coronaviruses and rhinoviruses, human polyomaviruses, and a new 2009 pandemic strain of influenza A/H1N1. The potential for these viruses to cause lower respiratory tract infections after transplantation varies, and is greatest for human metapneumovirus and H1N1 influenza, but appears to be limited for the other new viruses. Acute and long-term complications in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant recipients are active areas of research. SUMMARY Respiratory viral infections are frequently associated with significant morbidity following transplantation and are therefore of great clinical and epidemiologic interest. As new viruses are discovered, and more sensitive diagnostic methods are developed, defining the full impact of emerging respiratory viruses in transplant recipients must be elucidated by well designed clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Renaud
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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67
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Zhuang WL, Lu XD, Lin GY, Wu Y, Lin CX, Chen PZ, Xie SX, Zhang N, Ma L. WU polyomavirus infection among children in South China. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1440-5. [PMID: 21678448 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in Southern China. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Medical College from July 2008 to June 2009. WUPyV was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. All WUPyV-positive specimens were characterized further for nine viruses causing common respiratory infections, including influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 and 3, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus by PCR or real time (RT)-PCR. Fifteen out of 771 specimens from patients with acute respiratory tract infection, but none from healthy subjects, were positive for WUPyV and the positivity rate was 2%. Patients with WUPyV infection were between 2 and 48 months of age, and nine of the patients were male while six female. Four out of 15 patients were co-infected with RSV, one with adenovirus or rhinovirus, respectively. Patients with WUPyV infection displayed predominantly cough, moderate fever, and wheezing, and were diagnosed with pneumonia (n = 8), bronchiolitis (n = 4), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2) and bronchitis (n = 1). One patient developed encephalitis. Therefore, WUPyV infection can cause acute respiratory tract infection with atypical symptoms, including severe complications, in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Pilger DA, Cantarelli VV, Amantea SL, Leistner-Segal S. Detection of human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus by real-time PCR from patients with respiratory symptoms in Southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:56-60. [PMID: 21340356 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of newer molecular methods has led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (hBoV), in respiratory tract specimens. We have studied the occurrence of hMPV and hBoV in the Porto Alegre (PA) metropolitan area, one of the southernmost cities of Brazil, evaluating children with suspected lower respiratory tract infection from May 2007-June 2008. A real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification and detection of hMPV and hBoV and to evaluate coinfections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, human rhinovirus and human adenovirus. Of the 455 nasopharyngeal aspirates tested, hMPV was detected in 14.5% of samples and hBoV in 13.2%. A unique causative viral agent was identified in 46.2% samples and the coinfection rate was 43.7%. For hBoV, 98.3% of all positive samples were from patients with mixed infections. Similarly, 84.8% of all hMPV-positive results were also observed in mixed infections. Both hBoV and hMPV usually appeared with RSV. In summary, this is the first confirmation that hMPV and hBoV circulate in PA; this provides evidence of frequent involvement of both viruses in children with clinical signs of acute viral respiratory tract infection, although they mainly appeared as coinfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo André Pilger
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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69
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Jin Y, Zhang RF, Xie ZP, Yan KL, Gao HC, Song JR, Yuan XH, Cheng WX, Hou YD, Duan ZJ. Newly identified respiratory viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Lanzou, China, from 2006 to 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 18:74-80. [PMID: 21767329 PMCID: PMC7129015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 813 children ≤ 14 years old with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Lanzhou, China, from December 2006 to November 2009. PCR or RT-PCR was used to screen for the presence of 10 respiratory viruses. Viral agents were identified in 73.92% (601/813) of specimens, including RSV in 40.71%, hMPV in 6.15%, IFVA in 7.13%, IFVB in 0.98%, PIV1-3 in 7.87%, HCoV-HKU1 in 2.21%, HCoV-NL63 in 3.81%, HRV in 19.93%, AdV in 7.50% and HBoV in 11.56%. Two or more viruses were detected in 34.44% (280/813) of cases. The newly identified respiratory viruses, HBoV, hMPV, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63, accounted for 22.01% of the detected viral pathogens. RSV and HRV were frequently detected in patients with bronchiolitis, and hMPV was frequently associated with pneumonia. HCoV-NL63 was found to be one of the causative agents of acute respiratory wheezing in young children. No seasonal variation was found in the incidence of detection of HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63 or HBoV. This 3-year study demonstrated that viral pathogens play an important role in children with ALRTIs, and more attention should be paid to these newly identified viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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70
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Jartti L, Langen H, Söderlund-Venermo M, Vuorinen T, Ruuskanen O, Jartti T. New respiratory viruses and the elderly. Open Respir Med J 2011; 5:61-9. [PMID: 21760867 PMCID: PMC3134957 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401105010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostics of respiratory viral infections has improved markedly during the last 15 years with the development of PCR techniques. Since 1997, several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been discovered: influenza A viruses H5N1 and H1N1, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses SARS, NL63 and HKU1, human bocavirus, human rhinoviruses C and D and potential respiratory pathogens, the KI and WU polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus. The detection of previously known viruses has also improved. Currently, a viral cause of respiratory illness is almost exclusively identifiable in children, but in the elderly, the detection rates of a viral etiology are below 40%, and this holds also true for exacerbations of chronic respiratory illnesses. The new viruses cause respiratory symptoms like the common cold, cough, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Acute respiratory failure may occur. These viruses are distributed throughout the globe and affect people of all ages. Data regarding these viruses and the elderly are scarce. This review introduces these new viruses and reviews their clinical significance, especially with regard to the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jartti
- Department of Geriatrics, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Ruuskanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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71
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Kim JS, Lim CS, Kim YK, Lee KN, Lee CK. Human bocavirus in patients with respiratory tract infection. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 31:179-84. [PMID: 21779192 PMCID: PMC3129349 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified viral pathogen, and its clinical epidemiology and significance in respiratory infections have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the prevalence of HBoV infection and the association between viral (HBoV) load and clinical features of the infection in patients of all age-groups. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with symptoms of respiratory infection were tested for presence of HBoV by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HBoV-positive patients were categorized into low- and high-viral-load groups using 1.0×10(6) copies/mL as the threshold value of viral load. RESULTS Detection rate of HBoV was 4.8% (N=93) in a total of 1,926 samples with peak incidence of infection being observed in patients aged 6-12 months. HBoV infection was more frequently observed in young children, especially, in children aged less than 5 yr, and the HBoV load decreased with increase in age. HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses in 17 (18.3%) of the 93 HBoV-positive patients and 15 patients (88.2%) belonged to the low-viral-load group. Patients infected with HBoV alone showed a higher viral load than those patients in whom HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses (median load, 3.78×10(5) copies/mL vs. 1.94×10(4) copies/mL, P=0.014). Higher pulse rate (P=0.007) and respiratory rate (P=0.021) were observed in patients with a high-viral-load. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HBoV may be the causative agent of respiratory infection in the high-viral-load group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Su Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Detection of human bocavirus mRNA in respiratory secretions correlates with high viral load and concurrent diarrhea. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21083. [PMID: 21701591 PMCID: PMC3118811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus recently identified in association with acute respiratory infections (ARI). Despite its worldwide occurrence, little is known on the pathogenesis of HBoV infections. In addition, few systematic studies of HBoV in ARI have been conducted in Latin America. Therefore, in order to test whether active viral replication of human bocavirus is associated with respiratory diseases and to understand the clinical impact of this virus in patients with these diseases, we performed a 3-year retrospective hospital-based study of HBoV in outpatients and inpatients with symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 1015 patients with respiratory symptoms were tested for HBoV DNA by PCR. All samples positive for HBoV were tested by PCR for all other respiratory viruses, had HBoV viral loads determined by quantitative real time PCR and, when possible, were tested by RT-PCR for HBoV VP1 mRNA, as evidence of active viral replication. HBoV was detected in 4.8% of patients, with annual rates of 10.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The range of respiratory symptoms was similar between HBoV-positive and HBoV-negative ARI patients. However, a higher rate of diarrhea was observed in HBoV-positive patients. High HBoV viral loads (>108 copies/mL) and diarrhea were significantly more frequent in patients with exclusive infection by HBoV and in patients with detection of HBoV VP1 mRNA than in patients with viral co-infection, detected in 72.9% of patients with HBoV. In summary, our data demonstrated that active HBoV replication was detected in a small percentage of patients with ARI and was correlated with concurrent diarrhea and lack of other viral co-infections.
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Zappa A, Canuti M, Frati E, Pariani E, Perin S, Ruzza ML, Farina C, Podestà A, Zanetti A, Amendola A, Tanzi E. Co-circulation of genetically distinct human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus strains in young children with respiratory tract infections in Italy. J Med Virol 2011; 83:156-64. [PMID: 21108354 PMCID: PMC7166789 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human Bocavirus (hBoV) identified the etiological causes of several cases of acute respiratory tract infections in children. This report describes the molecular epidemiology of hMPV and hBoV infections observed following viral surveillance of children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Milan, Italy. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from 240 children ≤3 years of age (130 males, 110 females; median age, 5.0 months; IQR, 2.0–12.5 months) and tested for respiratory viruses, including hMPV and hBoV, by molecular methods. hMPV‐RNA and hBoV‐DNA positive samples were characterized molecularly and a phylogenetical analysis was performed. PCR analysis identified 131/240 (54.6%) samples positive for at least one virus. The frequency of hMPV and hBoV infections was similar (8.3% and 12.1%, respectively). Both infections were associated with lower respiratory tract infections: hMPV was present as a single infectious agent in 7.2% of children with bronchiolitis, hBoV was associated with 18.5% of pediatric pneumonias and identified frequently as a single etiological agent. Genetically distinct hMPV and hBoV strains were identified in children examined with respiratory tract infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed an increased prevalence of hMPV genotype A (A2b sublineage) compared to genotype B (80% vs. 20%, respectively) and of the hBoV genotype St2 compared to genotype St1 (71.4% vs. 28.6%, respectively). Interestingly, a shift in hMPV infections resulting from A2 strains has been observed in recent years. In addition, the occurrence of recombination events between two hBoV strains with a breakpoint located in the VP1/VP2 region was identified. J. Med. Virol. 83:156–164, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zappa
- Department of Public Health-Microbiology-Virology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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74
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Molecular diagnostic assays for detection of viral respiratory pathogens in institutional outbreaks. Mol Diagn Ther 2011; 14:283-93. [PMID: 21053994 PMCID: PMC7099217 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of viral respiratory disease in institutions may be associated with high morbidity and mortality, depending upon the viral etiology and the age and immune status of the affected patients. Control of outbreaks may include isolation and/or cohorting, and prohylaxis or treatment with specific antiviral agents may be indicated, all dependent upon the specific cause of the outbreak. Conventional methods of viral diagnosis detect only a limited number of the viruses that are known to cause outbreaks. The availability of sensitive and specific molecular assays has facilitated rapid diagnosis of a wider range of viruses from respiratory outbreaks. Molecular methods have distinct advantages over conventional methods, including the ability to rapidly develop assays for emerging viruses and new variants of existing viruses. In addition, molecular testing allows rapid detection of resistance to antiviral agents or mutations leading to increased virulence. However, high-throughput molecular testing requires batch processes that may compromise the ability to respond quickly to urgent testing demands.
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McErlean P, Greiman A, Favoreto S, Avila PC. Viral diversity in asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 30:481-95, v. [PMID: 21029933 PMCID: PMC2967440 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter McErlean
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron, McGaw M530h, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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76
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Dulek DE, Peebles RS. Viruses and asthma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1080-90. [PMID: 21291960 PMCID: PMC3130828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Viral respiratory infection has long been known to influence the occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Over the last 20 years much effort has been put into clarifying the role that viral respiratory infections play in the eventual development of asthma. Scope of review In this review we give a general background of the role of viruses in the processes of asthma exacerbation and asthma induction. We review recent additions to the literature in the last 3 years with particular focus on clinical and epidemiologic investigations of influenza, rhinovirus, bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus. Major conclusions The development of asthma emerges from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors with viral infection likely playing a significant role in the effect of environment on asthma inception. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma. General significance Further understanding of the role that viruses play in asthma exacerbation and inception will contribute to decreased asthma morbidity in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Dulek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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77
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Detection of human bocavirus 3 in China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:799-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Filippone C, Lahtinen A, Hedman L, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K, Franssila R. Comparison of Th-cell immunity against human bocavirus and parvovirus B19: proliferation and cytokine responses are similar in magnitude but more closely interrelated with human bocavirus. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:135-40. [PMID: 21198754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been, for decades, the only parvovirus known to be pathogenic in humans. Another pathogenic human parvovirus, human bocavirus (HBoV), was recently identified in respiratory samples from children with acute lower respiratory tract symptoms. Both B19 and HBoV are transmitted by the respiratory route. The vast majority of adults are IgG seropositive for HBoV, whereas the HBoV-specific Th-cell immunity has not much been studied. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge on HBoV-specific Th-cell immunity by examining HBoV-specific T-cell proliferation, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-13 responses in 36 asymptomatic adults. Recombinant HBoV VP2 virus-like particles (VLP) were used as antigen. HBoV-specific responses were compared with those elicited by B19 VP2 VLP. Proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-10 responses with HBoV and B19 antigens among B19-seropositive subjects were statistically similar in magnitude, but the cytokine and proliferation responses were much more closely correlated in HBoV than in B19. Therefore, at the collective level, B19-specific Th-cell immunity appears to be more divergent than the HBoV-specific one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Division, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Human bocavirus as an important cause of respiratory tract infection in Taiwanese children. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2011; 44:323-7. [PMID: 21524979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV), first described in September 2005, was considered a causative agent of previously unexplained respiratory tract diseases. However, only few reports provide the evidence for an association between HBoV and respiratory tract diseases. We conducted a prospective clinical and molecular study of HBoV in Taiwan. METHODS We enrolled 705 children who visited our outpatient pediatric clinics in a medical center because of symptoms and signs of respiratory tract infections from November 2008 to October 2009. Throat swab was performed and HBoV polymerase chain reaction and viral culture were done simultaneously. RESULTS Positive viral results were confirmed in 159 (22.6%) of the 705 children. HBoV was found in 35 samples and it was supposed to be as a single virus in 32 samples because viral isolation of these 32 samples did not identify other virus. The other three patients had coinfection with another virus. One child got HBoV reinfection 6 months after the first infection. Seventy-one percentage of these HBoV infections occurred between November and March. Of the 34 children with positive HBoV, 26 (76%) patients were younger than 5 years; their common symptoms were cough, rhinorrhea, and fever; the most common diagnoses were bronchitis (34%, 12/35) and sinusitis (31%, 11/35) followed by pharyngitis (29%, 10/35) and asthma exacerbation (26%, 9/35). Three of the 34 patients needed hospitalization. CONCLUSION HBoV is an emerging human parvovirus that may cause respiratory tract infection in young children. Diseases associated with HBoV may range from pharyngitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media to bronchitis, asthma, and even pneumonia.
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Abstract
Human bocavirus is a recently described respiratory pathogen. A case of a life-threatening human bocavirus infection of a previously healthy pediatric patient is described. An initial clinical presentation of acute bronchiolitis developed into an extremely severe course of disease characterized by pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and acute respiratory failure with pronounced air-leak syndrome.
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81
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Azoulay E. Emerging Viral Infections. PULMONARY INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES 2011. [PMCID: PMC7123354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15742-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azoulay
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Avenue Claude Vellefaux 1, Paris, 75010 France
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82
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Salmón-Mulanovich G, Sovero M, Laguna-Torres VA, Kochel TJ, Lescano AG, Chauca G, Sanchez JF, Rodriguez F, Parrales E, Ocaña V, Barrantes M, Blazes DL, Montgomery JM. Frequency of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection among children with febrile respiratory symptoms in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2010; 5:1-5. [PMID: 21138534 PMCID: PMC4066840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, respiratory infections are the primary cause of illness in developing countries, specifically among children; however, an etiological agent for many of these illnesses is rarely identified. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to estimate the frequency of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection among pediatric populations in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using stored samples of an influenza-like illness surveillance program. Irrespective of previous diagnosis, nasopharyngeal or nasal swab specimens were randomly selected and tested using real-time PCR from three sites during 2007 from patients younger than 6 years old. RESULTS A total of 568 specimens from Argentina (185), Nicaragua (192) and Peru (191) were tested. The prevalence of HBoV was 10·8% (95% CI: 6·3; 15·3) in Argentina, 33·3% in Nicaragua (95% CI: 26·6; 40·1) and 25·1% in Peru (95% CI: 18·9; 31·3). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate circulation of HBoV in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru among children with influenza-like symptoms enrolled in a sentinel surveillance program.
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Chieochansin T, Simmonds P, Poovorawan Y. Determination and analysis of complete coding sequence regions of new discovered human bocavirus types 2 and 3. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2023-8. [PMID: 20686798 PMCID: PMC7086703 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two human bocaviruses (HBoV), HBoV2 and HBoV3, that were detected previously in enteric samples were characterized genetically. Nearly complete genome sequences of three HBoV2 variants and one HBoV3 variant originating from Thailand and the UK were compared to published HBoV sequences. HBoV2 showed divergence from HBoV1 throughout the genome, while the HBoV3 sequence grouped phylogenetically with HBoV1 in the non-structural region and with HBoV2 sequences in the structural gene, consistent with its proposed recombinant origin. Compared to HBoV1 and HBoV3, HBoV2 shows substantially greater intra-species diversity, consistent with a longer period of human circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaweesak Chieochansin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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84
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Song JR, Jin Y, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Xiao NG, Chen WX, Xu ZQ, Yan KL, Zhao Y, Hou YD, Duan ZJ. Novel human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:324-7. [PMID: 20113572 PMCID: PMC2957997 DOI: 10.3201/eid1602.090553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) and HBoV2, two human bocavirus species, were found in 18 and 10 of 235 nasopharyngeal aspirates, respectively, from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection. Our results suggest that, like HBoV, HBoV2 is distributed worldwide and may be associated with respiratory and enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-rong Song
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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85
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Bharaj P, Sullender WM, Kabra SK, Broor S. Human bocavirus infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection in India. J Med Virol 2010; 82:812-6. [PMID: 20336746 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new human parvovirus identified in children with respiratory tract disease. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 305 children <5 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection from April 2005 to March 2007 and screened for the presence of HBoV by two separate sets of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) described previously. Twenty-two (7.2%) children who had acute respiratory infection were found to be positive for HBoV by both sets of PCR. The main clinical symptoms were cough (95%), runny nose (64%), and fever (59%). In two samples, HBoV was identified together with respiratory syncytial virus in one sample and influenza A virus in another. HBoV appeared to have no seasonal distribution and is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in young children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bharaj
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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86
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Zhai S, Yue C, Wei Z, Long J, Ran D, Lin T, Deng Y, Huang L, Sun L, Zheng H, Gao F, Zheng H, Chen S, Yuan S. High prevalence of a novel porcine bocavirus in weanling piglets with respiratory tract symptoms in China. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1313-7. [PMID: 20495986 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first evidence of infection by a novel porcine bocavirus (PBoV) in Chinese swine herds. The PCR detection results showed that PBoV was significantly more prevalent in weanling piglets (69.7%, 69/99) with respiratory tract symptoms than that in other samples (0-13.6%) (P < 0.01). Sequence analysis showed that the partial VP1/2 genes were highly conserved (99-100% identity), and only five frequent nucleotide mutation positions existed in Chinese PBoV strains. These data indicate that PBoV might be an emerging virus for swine respiratory tract diseases. This study could help us to better understand the epidemiology of PBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolun Zhai
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Aricultural Sciences, No. 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Williams
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville Tennessee
- Reprints or correspondence: Dr John V. Williams Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University Medical Center D7235 Medical Center North 1161 21st Ave South Nashville TN 37232–2581 ()
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88
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Kapoor A, Simmonds P, Slikas E, Li L, Bodhidatta L, Sethabutr O, Triki H, Bahri O, Oderinde BS, Baba MM, Bukbuk DN, Besser J, Bartkus J, Delwart E. Human bocaviruses are highly diverse, dispersed, recombination prone, and prevalent in enteric infections. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:1633-43. [PMID: 20415538 PMCID: PMC2902747 DOI: 10.1086/652416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of parvovirus, tentatively named human bocavirus 4 (HBoV4), was genetically characterized. Among 641 feces samples obtained from children and adults, the most commonly detected bocavirus species were, in descending order, HBoV2, HBoV3, HBoV4, and HBoV1, with an HBoV2 prevalence of 21% and 26% in Nigerian and Tunisian children, respectively. HBoV3 or HBoV4 species were found in 12 of 192 patients with non-polio acute flaccid paralysis in Tunisia and Nigeria and 0 of 96 healthy Tunisian contacts (P= .01). Evidence of extensive recombination at the NP1 and VP1 gene boundary between and within bocavirus species was found. The high degree of genetic diversity seen among the human bocaviruses found in feces specimens, relative to the highly homogeneous HBoV1, suggest that this worldwide-distributed respiratory pathogen may have recently evolved from an enteric bocavirus after acquiring an expanded tropism favoring the respiratory tract. Elucidating the possible role of the newly identified enteric bocaviruses in human diseases, including acute flaccid paralysis and diarrhea, will require further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kapoor
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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89
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Chen AY, Cheng F, Lou S, Luo Y, Liu Z, Delwart E, Pintel D, Qiu J. Characterization of the gene expression profile of human bocavirus. Virology 2010; 403:145-54. [PMID: 20457462 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a quantitative transcription profile of human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV1) by transfecting a nearly full-length clone in human lung epithelial A549 cells as well as in a replication competent system in 293 cells. The overall transcription profile of HBoV1 is similar to that of two other members of genus Bocavirus, minute virus of canines and bovine parvovirus 1. In particular, a spliced NS1-transcript that was not recognized previously expressed the large non-structural protein NS1 at approximately 100kDa; and the NP1-encoding transcripts were expressed abundantly. In addition, the protein expression profile of human bocavirus type 2 (HBoV2) was examined in parallel by transfection of a nearly full-length clone in A549 cells, which is similar to that of HBoV1. Moreover, our results showed that, unlike human parvovirus B19 infection, expression of the HBoV1 proteins only does not induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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90
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Huang Y, Mao P, Wang H. Detection of, and frequent co-infection with, human bocavirus in faecal specimens from children in Wuhan, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:490-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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91
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Santos N, Peret TCT, Humphrey CD, Albuquerque MCM, Silva RC, Benati FJ, Lu X, Erdman DD. Human bocavirus species 2 and 3 in Brazil. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:127-30. [PMID: 20382557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly described human bocavirus (HBoV) species 2 and 3 have been repeatedly detected in stool strengthening the possibility that these viruses might present a tropism for the gastrointestinal tract and may be etiological agents of diarrhea. OBJECTIVE In this study we assessed the presence of HBoV2 and HBoV3 in stool specimens from Brazilians with acute gastroenteritis. STUDY DESIGN Stool samples from Brazilian patients with acute diarrhea were analyzed for HBoV2 and HBoV3 by PCR assay. Full or partial genome sequences were obtained for selected isolates. Electron microscopy analysis was used to investigate virus morphology. RESULTS Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of virus-like particles in HBoV PCR-positive specimens, with morphology similar to other members of the Parvoviridae family. Five samples out of 807 (0.6%) were positive for HBoV3. Three of the HBoV3-positive patients were HIV/AIDS positive. A selected group of 144 samples was also tested for HBoV2 and 30 samples (20.8%) were positive, 11 of which were HIV/AIDS positive. CONCLUSION This study reports the detection and genetic characterization of HBoV3 and HBoV2 in the stool of Brazilian patients with acute diarrhea. This is the first description of HBoV3 outside Australia, suggesting a wide global distribution of this virus. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of HBoV in gastrointestinal infections, particularly among patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
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92
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Souza EL, Ramos JG, Proença-Módena JL, Diniz A, Carvalho G, Ciuffo I, Araújo-Neto CA, Andrade SC, Souza LS, Arruda E, Silva L. Human bocavirus in very young infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in northeast Brazil. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56:125-7. [PMID: 19401408 PMCID: PMC7107236 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmp026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 12 months to investigate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in infants hospitalized for respiratory infections in a teaching hospital in Salvador, Brazil, and to describe the clinical manifestations of this infection. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children and immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses. HBoV was detected in 4 out of 66 patients. Two of the HBoV-positive infants were co-infected with other viruses. The principal clinical findings in HBoV-positive children were: nasal obstruction, catarrh, cough, fever and dyspnea. This study revealed HBoV infection in children aged <2 months, suggesting that the infection may occur at a very early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Lucia Souza
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andréa Diniz
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gerson Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isolina Ciuffo
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - César A. Araújo-Neto
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leda Solano Souza
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva
- Department of Pediatrics of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Central Laboratory of Public Health, Salvador, Brazil and Department of Image Diagnosis of School Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, School Medicine of Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
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93
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Zheng LS, Yuan XH, Xie ZP, Jin Y, Gao HC, Song JR, Zhang RF, Xu ZQ, Hou YD, Duan ZJ. Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China. J Med Virol 2010; 82:282-8. [PMID: 20029808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1-year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 x 10(2) to 9.72 x 10(8) copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV-positive specimens by real-time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP-1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP-1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-shu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
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94
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Mansbach JM, Camargo CA. Respiratory viruses in bronchiolitis and their link to recurrent wheezing and asthma. Clin Lab Med 2010; 29:741-55. [PMID: 19892232 PMCID: PMC2810250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Mansbach
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Main Clinical Building 9 South, #9157, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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95
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D W Chow
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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96
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schildgen
- Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Institut für Pathologie, Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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97
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Don M, Söderlund-Venermo M, Valent F, Lahtinen A, Hedman L, Canciani M, Hedman K, Korppi M. Serologically verified human bocavirus pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:120-6. [PMID: 19960524 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
WORKING HYPOTHESIS Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified parvovirus frequently found in children suffering from acute respiratory and intestinal infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, by using a newly developed antibody assay, the role of HBoV in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the seropositivity rate to HBoV in a prospective study in North-Italian children. MATERIALS/PATIENTS AND METHODS During a 15-month study period, 124 children were admitted due to presumptive pneumonia, and in 101 of them, pneumonia was radiologically confirmed. The etiology of CAP was studied by antibody assays to 16 microbes, including the newly developed enzyme immunoassay for HBoV. RESULTS Serological evidence of acute HBoV infection was found in 12 (12%) children, being single in 7 and mixed in 5 cases (4 with other viruses and 3 with bacteria). IgM was positive in 11 cases. A diagnostic rise in IgG antibodies between paired sera was observed in six cases. HBoV was the second most common virus next to respiratory syncytial virus (17%). The seropositivity rate to HBoV increased with age, reaching nearly 100% before school age. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that HBoV is able to induce significant antibody responses and suggest that HBoV may be a fairly common cause of pneumonia in children. Seroconversion to HBoV in most children takes place in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Don
- Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, DPMSC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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98
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Zeng M, Zhu QR, Wang XH, Yu H, Shen J. Human bocavirus in children with respiratory tract infection in Shanghai: a retrospective study. World J Pediatr 2010; 6:65-70. [PMID: 20143214 PMCID: PMC7091469 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-010-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) was first reported in 2005. The worldwide presence of HBoV in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) has been confirmed. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and clinical features of HBoV in children with ARTI in Shanghai and explore the causative implication of HBoV in ARTI. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 349 hospitalized children with ARTI between November 2006 and January 2007. From these children, 351 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected; 325 of the samples were obtained from those with community-acquired ARTI and 26 from those with hospital-acquired ARTI. All samples were routinely screened for seven common respiratory viruses by immunofluorescence and further tested for HBoV by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HBoV was detected in 16 (4.6%) of the 351 samples, and it was the second most commonly detected virus after respiratory syncytial virus. Three (19%) HBoV-positive samples were dual infection with respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus type 3. Of the 325 children with community-acquired ARTI, HBoV was identified to be positive in 11 (3.4%), of whom 6 were diagnosed with pneumonia with patchy or interstitial infiltrates in the lung indicated by chest radiography, 3 with bronchitis, and 2 with bronchial asthma exacerbation with attendant lung infection. Out of the 26 children with nosocomial ARTI, 5 (19.2%) had bronchitis which was found to be HBoV positive without co-detection of other viruses. The HBoV-positive children were aged 1.7 months to 43 months and their mean age was 13.7 months. Sixteen (100%) children had cough, 11 (68.8%) had wheezing, and 10 (62.5%) had fever. CONCLUSIONS HBoV was circulating in Shanghai during the study period, and which was detected frequently in children with ARTI. HBoV was found to be associated with community-acquired ARTI and may play a pathogenic role in nosocomial ARTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Qi-Rong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102 China
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99
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Riipinen A, Väisänen E, Lahtinen A, Karikoski R, Nuutila M, Surcel HM, Taskinen H, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Absence of human bocavirus from deceased fetuses and their mothers. J Clin Virol 2009; 47:186-8. [PMID: 20031484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human bocavirus (HBoV), a newly discovered parvovirus, is closely related to the bovine parvovirus and the canine minute virus, which are known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Another human parvovirus, B19, can lead to fetal hydrops, miscarriage and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of HBoV DNA in aborted fetuses and IUFDs. The HBoV serology of the mothers was also studied. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively studied all available fetuses (N=535) autopsied during 7/1992-12/1995, and 1/2003-12/2005 in Helsinki, Finland. All available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded fetal tissues - placenta, heart and liver - of 120 miscarriages, 169 IUFDs, and 246 induced abortions were studied by quantitative PCR. We also measured the HBoV IgM and IgG antibodies in the corresponding maternal sera (N=462) mostly of the first trimester. The IgM-positive sera underwent HBoV PCR. RESULTS None of the fetal tissues harbored HBoV DNA. A total of 97% (448/462) of the mothers were positive for IgG antibodies to HBoV, while only 0.9% (4/462) exhibited HBoV-specific IgM antibodies without viremia or respiratory symptoms. One IgM-positive mother had an unexplained fetal loss. CONCLUSIONS We did not find HBoV DNA in any of the deceased fetuses. Almost all pregnant women were HBoV-IgG positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Riipinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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100
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Antibodies against structural and nonstructural proteins of human bocavirus in human sera. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 17:190-3. [PMID: 19955324 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00355-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) for detection of human bocavirus (HBoV) proteins (VP1, VP2, NP-1, and NS1) were developed. The VP1 IFA was the most sensitive for detection of IgG antibody and suitable for screening. IgG antibodies in convalescent-phase sera from HBoV-positive patients were detected by VP1 and VP2 IFAs. Sensitivities of NP-1 and NS1 IFAs were low.
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