51
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Bagheri SH, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Shamshiri AR, Kabir A, Kamrava SK, Jalessi M, Mohebbi A, Alizadeh R, Honarmand AA, Ghalehbaghi B, Salimi A, Dehghani Firouzabadi F. Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020. [PMID: 32974228 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of anosmia/hyposmia during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may indicate a relationship between coincidence of olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Methods: This population-based cross sectional study was performed through an online questionnaire from March 12 to 17, 2020. Cases from all provinces of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Patients completed a 33-item patient-reported online questionnaire, including smell and taste dysfunction and their comorbidities, along with their basic characteristics and past medical histories. The inclusion criteria were self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during the past 4 weeks, from the start of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Results: A total of 10 069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years took part in this study, of them 71.13% women and 81.68% nonsmokers completed the online questionnaire. The correlation between the number of olfactory disorders and reported COVID-19 patients in all provinces up to March 17, 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, P< 0.001). A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID19 epidemic. In addition, 80.38% of participants reported concomitant olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions. Conclusion: An outbreak of olfactory dysfunction occurred in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanisms by which anosmia/hyposmia occurred in patients with COVID-19 call for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Bagheri
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohebbi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Ghalehbaghi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mameli C, Cattaneo C, Lonoce L, Bedogni G, Redaelli FC, Macedoni M, Zuccotti G, Pagliarini E. Associations Among Taste Perception, Food Neophobia and Preferences in Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123052. [PMID: 31847252 PMCID: PMC6950790 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common systemic diseases in childhood which predisposes the patient to serious short-term and long-term complications, affecting all body systems. Taste and olfactory impairments were first described a long time ago in adult patients affected by diabetes (both type 1 and type 2 diabetes). However, studies evaluating taste perception, behavioral attitudes (e.g., food neophobia), and preferences toward foods in children and adolescents affected by T1D are globally lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess taste sensitivity, food neophobia, and preferences among children and adolescents affected by T1D and healthy controls in a cross-sectional study. T1D patients presented a significantly lower ability in general to correctly identify taste qualities, especially bitter and sour tastes. Moreover, they were characterized by fewer fungiform papillae compared to controls, as well as a lower responsiveness to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). There were no significant differences in food neophobia scores between the two groups, but differences were observed in the mean hedonic ratings for some product categories investigated. Diabetic patients showed a greater liking for certain type of foods generally characterized by sourness and bitterness, an observation probably linked to their impaired ability to perceive taste stimuli, e.g., sourness and bitterness. These results may help to enhance the understanding of these relationships in populations with elevated diet-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Camilla Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-191-75
| | - Luisa Lonoce
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Chiara Redaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maddalena Macedoni
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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53
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Loftus C, Schlosser RJ, Smith TL, Alt JA, Ramakrishnan VR, Mattos JL, Mappus E, Storck K, Yoo F, Soler ZM. Olfactory cleft and sinus opacification differentially impact olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:2311-2318. [PMID: 31603563 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies have indicated that olfactory cleft (OC) opacification correlates with olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the results have been unclear in patients without polyps. The purpose of this study was to further explore the relationship between OC opacification, sinus opacification, and olfactory function in patients with CRS. METHODS One hundred and forty-eight patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled across five institutions. Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks tests (Burghardt, Wedel, Germany) and the 17-item Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS). Computed tomography (CT) scans for each patient were acquired and Lund-Mackay scores recorded. Opacification of the OC was determined using OsiriX MD (Pixmeo, Bernex, Switzerland) and correlated with olfaction scores. RESULTS A total of 148 CRS patients, 73 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and 75 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), as well as 30 control subjects were enrolled. Overall OC opacification averaged 63.7% in CRS patients and 47.1% in control subjects (P < 0.001). In the overall cohort, OC opacification significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) (r = -0.520; P < 0.001) and QOD-NS scores (r = 0.374; P < 0.001). CRSwNP patients demonstrated a significant correlation between OC opacification and TDI scores (r = -0.464; P < 0.001) but not the CRSsNP group (r = -0.143; P = 0.229). Lund-Mackay score correlated with TDI in both the CRSsNP (r = -0.300; P = 0.010) and CRSwNP (r = -0.271; P = 0.019) groups. CONCLUSION CT opacification is associated with olfactory dysfunction differentially based on nasal polyp status. Smell loss in CRSwNP correlated with both OC opacification and Lund-Mackay score, whereas CRSsNP correlated only with Lund-Mackay score, indicating different relationships between olfactory function and local inflammatory processes in these disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Laryngoscope, 130:2311-2318, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Loftus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Jose L Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Elliott Mappus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristina Storck
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Frederick Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Migneault-Bouchard C, Hsieh JW, Hugentobler M, Frasnelli J, Landis BN. Chemosensory decrease in different forms of olfactory dysfunction. J Neurol 2019; 267:138-143. [PMID: 31586261 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of olfactory dysfunction (OD) on the two other chemical senses, namely gustation and the intranasal trigeminal system. Taste and trigeminal function were analyzed in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 178 participants with OD (n = 78 posttraumatic, n = 42 idiopathic, n = 27 post-infectious and n = 31 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) OD). All patients had been investigated for OD at our smell and taste outpatient clinic. Evaluation of olfaction was performed by means of the Sniffin' Sticks test (odor threshold, odor discrimination and odor identification), whereas gustatory function was assessed with the Taste Strips test and the intranasal trigeminal sensitivity by means of the lateralization task. The degree of olfactory impairment was found to depend on the cause of OD, but not on patients' age. Patients with posttraumatic OD showed lower olfactory function than patients with idiopathic, post-infectious and CRS OD (p = 0.01). Gustatory and trigeminal sensitivity in turn depended on age rather than the cause of olfactory dysfunction. Partial correlations between olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal scores, with age as covariate, were significant, showing a decrease of taste and trigeminal function proportional to the OD (p < 0.05). The present data suggest that the three chemical senses are closely connected for humans underlining that in case of OD the remaining chemical senses (taste, trigeminal function) tend to decrease rather than compensate as this is seen for sensory loss in other modalities. This finding has direct clinical implications and importance when dealing with smell and taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Migneault-Bouchard
- Research Chair in Chemosensory Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Wen Hsieh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.,Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Hugentobler
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Chair in Chemosensory Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basile Nicolas Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
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55
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Mameli C, Cattaneo C, Panelli S, Comandatore F, Sangiorgio A, Bedogni G, Bandi C, Zuccotti G, Pagliarini E. Taste perception and oral microbiota are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221656. [PMID: 31509575 PMCID: PMC6738620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence is considered the most prevalent nutritional disorder, in which eating behaviours represent one important factors of influence. Many aspects influence eating behaviours, but taste is considered the main predictor. However, data concerning correlations of obesity, taste sensitivity and behavioural attitudes, such as food neophobia, in children and adolescents are inconsistent. Moreover, it has been suggested that oral bacteria could have a possible role in obesity development and, also, in taste perception. In this context, the present study focused on host related factors with a proposed link to weight gain. To this purpose, taste sensitivity, salivary microbiota composition and food neophobia were compared between children and adolescents with and without obesity in a cross-sectional study. Results showed that children with obesity presented a significantly lower ability in correctly identifying taste qualities and were characterized by a lesser number of Fungiform Papillae (reported as FP/cm2) compared to normal-weight subjects. Differences in the ecological indexes of microbial alpha-diversity was found between subjects with obesity and normal-weight ones. Moreover, independently from nutritional status, some bacterial genera seemed to differ between subjects with different sensitivity. The potentiality of this multidisciplinary approach could help to better understand and deepen the sensory-driven and microbiological factors related to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Sangiorgio
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Obrist M, Tu Y, Yao L, Velasco C. Space Food Experiences: Designing Passenger's Eating Experiences for Future Space Travel Scenarios. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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57
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Ryu CS, Sakong JH, Ahn EH, Kim JO, Ko D, Kim JH, Lee WS, Kim NK. Association study of the three functional polymorphisms (TAS2R46G>A, OR4C16G>A, and OR4X1A>T) with recurrent pregnancy loss. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:61-70. [PMID: 30203366 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was purposed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in the function of stop-gain are associated with a fetal or placental development play roles and a development of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Korean females. Three stop-gain polymorphisms were selected using next-generation sequencing screening, which allows for the rigorous examination and discovery of previously uncharacterized stop-gain genes and stop-gain expression profiles. Accordingly, we investigated the association of stop-gain polymorphisms in Korean women with RPL. Three functional polymorphisms in the TAS2R46G>A (rs2708381), OR4C16G>A (rs1459101), and OR4X1A>T (rs10838851) genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays and real-time PCR analysis. We determined that the OR4C16G>A polymorphism was associated with idiopathic RPL in Korean women (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.782; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004-3.163; P = 0.048, and AOR 1.766; 95% CI 1.020-3.059; P = 0.042). In addition, the prevalence of RPL was increased in women with the OR4C16GA + AA genotype and blood coagulation measures of prothrombin time (PT) > 10.4 s (AOR 8.292; 95% CI 2.744-25.054). We suggest that the OR4C16G>A polymorphism might serve as a clinically useful biomarker for the development, prevention, and prognosis of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Sakong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Daeun Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Gangnam, 06135, South Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the olfactory dysfunction is one of the initial symptoms appearing years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline, being considered a clinical marker of these diseases' early stages and a marker of disease progression and cognitive decline. Overall and under the umbrella of precision medicine, attention to olfactory function may help to improve chances of success for neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The use of olfaction, as clinical marker for neurodegenerative diseases is helpful in the characterization of prodromal stages of these diseases, early diagnostic strategies, differential diagnosis, and potentially prediction of treatment success. Understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction is central to determine its association with neurodegenerative disorders. Several anatomical systems and environmental factors may underlie or contribute to olfactory loss associated with neurological diseases, although the direct biological link to each disorder remains unclear and, thus, requires further investigation. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory function measurements in neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the evidence for the presence of olfactory dysfunction in several neurodegenerative diseases, its value as a clinical marker for early stages of the diseases when combined with other clinical, biological, and neuroimage markers, and its role as a useful symptom for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of disease. The neuropathological correlations and the changes in neurotransmitter systems related with olfactory dysfunction in the neurodegenerative diseases are also described.
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Zhu K, Chen J, Li J, Wang H, Huang X, Li Y, Feng H. Myasthenia Gravis With Thymoma, Manifesting as AChR-Ab-Positive, Distinct Bulbar Palsy Accompanied by Dysgeusia: A Case Series and Review of Literature. Front Neurol 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29670572 PMCID: PMC5893777 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarized three cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) with taste disorder and describe their clinical features in detail. Three MG patients presented with significant bulbar palsy symptoms, high AChR-Ab titers, and negative MuSK-Ab, were diagnosed with thymoma. Furthermore, we observed that dysgeusia could manifest earlier than the occurrence of typical MG symptoms, even predict a MG relapse or a myasthenic crisis in the course of MG. We believe that dysgeusia is a non-motor symptom of MG, which especially exists in MG patients with thymoma and serious bulbar palsy. Therefore, being alert to this symptom may facilitate the early diagnosis of MG and judge the progress of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Muganurmath CS, Curry AL, Schindzielorz AH. Causality Assessment of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction Associated with Intranasal Fluticasone Propionate: Application of the Bradford Hill Criteria. Adv Ther 2018; 35:173-190. [PMID: 29396682 PMCID: PMC5818548 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Causality assessment is crucial to post-marketing pharmacovigilance and helps optimize safe and appropriate use of medicines by patients in the real world. Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common in the general population as well as in patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Intranasal corticosteroids, including intranasal fluticasone propionate (INFP), are amongst the most effective drugs indicated in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. While intranasal corticosteroids are associated with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and are currently labeled for these adverse events, causality assessment has not been performed to date. Although there is no single widely accepted method to assess causality in pharmacovigilance, the Bradford Hill criteria offer a robust and comprehensive approach because nine distinct aspects of an observed potential drug–event association are assessed. In this literature-based narrative review, Hill’s criteria were applied to determine causal inference between INFP and olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.
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61
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Kamrava SK, Jalessi M, Ebrahimnejad S, Ghalehbaghi S, Amini E, Asghari A, Rafiei F, Farhadi M. Evaluation of Culturally-Familiar Odorants for a Persian Smell Identification Test. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2018; 30:19-25. [PMID: 29387660 PMCID: PMC5787651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Processing odor information by the olfactory system depends greatly on the odor concentration. In order to use an odorant in a smell identification test (SIT), the minimum identification concentration (MIC) needs to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in 60 healthy native individuals aged 20 to 60 years, selected from patients' companions in a tertiary hospital. In the first step, 25 odorants were presented to evaluate familiarity among the subjects. Then, the MICs for the eligible odorants were measured using the ascending method of limits. RESULTS Out of 25 odorants, only one (cacao) was distinguished by less than 70% of the subjects, and was therefore removed from the list. The MICs of the remaining 24 odorants ranged from 6.87±2.74% for menthol to 27.62±18.98% for cantaloupe. There was significant correlation between age and the MIC only for coffee (P=0.02, r=-0.300). There was a significant difference in MIC between men and women only for hazelnut (P=0.03). CONCLUSION We present the MICs of 24 culturally-familiar odorants in a sample of the Persian population in a SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Ebrahimnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahand Ghalehbaghi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Rafiei
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Influence of cancer and acute inflammatory disease on taste perception: a clinical pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:843-851. [PMID: 28948404 PMCID: PMC5785616 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition and tumor cachexia further increasing morbidity and mortality. Reasons for cachexia are not clear yet, but inflammatory processes as well as the occurrence of taste disorders reducing nutrient uptake are discussed to play key roles. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into causative factors of taste disturbance in cancer patients. Does the cancer itself, inflammatory processes or cancer therapy influence taste disorders? Methods To capture an underlying taste disorder patients with cancer (n = 42), acutely hospitalized inflammatory disease patients (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 39) were examined. To assess the influence of chemotherapy, patients with and without chemotherapy were compared. Taste tests were performed according to DIN ISO 3972:2011. Inflammation was recorded using laboratory parameters. Statistical evaluation was conducted using the Software R. Results Cancer patients showed significantly increased taste thresholds for sweet, salty, and umami compared to healthy controls. There were no significant differences in taste detection and recognition between patients with former, current, or without chemotherapeutical treatment. Patients with an acute inflammatory disease showed an increased taste threshold for umami compared to healthy controls. Conclusions It could be shown that cancer patients suffer from taste disorders irrespective of an existing chemotherapeutical treatment. Cancer-related inflammation appears to have a greater impact on taste perception than an acute inflammatory process. Therefore, an adapted dietary adjustment should be carried out at an early stage for cancer patients in order to avoid nutritional disorders caused by a taste disorder.
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63
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Olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with non-complicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2621-2627. [PMID: 28258376 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate any possible relationship between diabetic state and olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with non-complicated diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), and also to present evidence of the association between olfactory and gustatory scores and HbA1c values and disease durations. The study included 39 patients with non-complicated T1D and 31 healthy controls. Clinical characteristics such as age, gender, duration of disease, education levels and biochemical analyses (fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglyceride, HbA1c, C-peptide, postprandial blood glucose) were measured. Subjective olfactory and gustatory tests were performed for all participants. There were no significant differences in olfactory tests between the two groups (odor thresholds 8.63 ± 0.91 vs. 8.55 ± 0.57, p = 0.66; odor discrimination 12.97 ± 0.80 vs. 12.74 ± 0.79, p = 0.24; odor identification 13.81 ± 0.98 vs. 13.72 ± 0.89, p = 0.69; TDI score 35.34 ± 1.94 vs. 34.97 ± 1.4, p = 0.37). There were also no significant differences in gustatory tests between the two groups (bitter 3.45 ± 0.51 vs. 3.44 ± 0.50, p = 0.90; sweet 3.32 ± 0.48 vs. 3.38 ± 0.49, p = 0.60; salty 3.13 ± 0.72 vs. 3.10 ± 0.72, p = 0.88; total score of taste 13.16 ± 1.61 vs. 13.13 ± 1.22, p = 0.92). Comparison of gustatory and olfactory scores according to disease duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients revealed that there were no differences between groups (all p > 0.05). T1D without complications may not be associated with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction according to subjective testing. We also found that gustatory and olfactory functions may not be related with HbA1c values and disease duration in non-complicated T1D.
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Gunzer W. Changes of Olfactory Performance during the Process of Aging - Psychophysical Testing and Its Relevance in the Fight against Malnutrition. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1010-1015. [PMID: 29083442 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory performance plays a vital role in several aspects of everyday life. A decrease in olfactory function leading to reduced appetite and inadequate food intake could contribute to higher risk of malnutrition and has a significant impact on quality of life. Early detection of olfactory impairment may help to maintain normal, or - through early training - to improve olfactory function and could thus contribute to the prevention of malnutrition. This review summarizes recent findings on the association between decreased olfactory performance in older adults, its implication for overall health and discusses issues regarding the assessment of olfactory performance in older people. METHODS A non-systematic literature search using databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) was conducted up to March 2016 to review recent findings on the topics of olfactory impairment, age, malnutrition and issues in psychophysical testing. RESULTS Although the association of olfactory impairment and malnutrition is widely accepted strong evidence is scarce. This could be because existing psychophysiological olfactory performance tests are not suitable and inefficient for older adults or people with cognitive impairment due to their required time and concentration. Since prevalence of olfactory impairment remains poorly documented in European regions and varies from 13.9% to >60% depending on age and due to considerable methodological diversity in studies there is need to develop rapid and efficient screening tools which are suitable for this target group. CONCLUSION Due to numerous causes and health consequences of olfactory impairment in older people, early detection of olfactory malfunction by rapid, inexpensive but valid tests, which could be used by geriatricians and other healthcare professionals, might be useful in patient counselling by identifying individuals at nutritional risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gunzer
- W. Gunzer, FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Studies, Insitute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Graz, Austria,
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Tian J, Pinto JM, Cui X, Zhang H, Li L, Liu Y, Wu C, Wei Y. Sendai Virus Induces Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction in a Murine Model of PVOD via Effects on Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation, and Response to Odorants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159033. [PMID: 27428110 PMCID: PMC4948916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infection is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction. The complexities of studying post-viral olfactory loss in humans have impaired further progress in understanding the underlying mechanism. Recently, evidence from clinical studies has implicated Parainfluenza virus 3 as a causal agent. An animal model of post viral olfactory disorders (PVOD) would allow better understanding of disease pathogenesis and represent a major advance in the field. Objective To develop a mouse model of PVOD by evaluating the effects of Sendai virus (SeV), the murine counterpart of Parainfluenza virus, on olfactory function and regenerative ability of the olfactory epithelium. Methods C57BL/6 mice (6–8 months old) were inoculated intranasally with SeV or ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated virus (UV-SeV). On days 3, 10, 15, 30 and 60 post-infection, olfactory epithelium was harvested and analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemical detection of S-phase nuclei. We also measured apoptosis by TUNEL assay and viral load by real-time PCR. The buried food test (BFT) was used to measure olfactory function of mice at day 60. In parallel, cultured murine olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) infected with SeV or UV-SeV were tested for odorant-mixture response by measuring changes in intracellular calcium concentrations indicated by fura-4 AM assay. Results Mice infected with SeV suffered from olfactory dysfunction, peaking on day 15, with no loss observed with UV-SeV. At 60 days, four out of 12 mice infected with SeV still had not recovered, with continued normal function in controls. Viral copies of SeV persisted in both the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the olfactory bulb (OB) for at least 60 days. At day 10 and after, both unit length labeling index (ULLI) of apoptosis and ULLI of proliferation in the SeV group was markedly less than the UV-SeV group. In primary cultured OSNs infected by SeV, the percentage of cells responding to mixed odors was markedly lower in the SeV group compared to UV-SeV (P = 0.007). Conclusion We demonstrate that SeV impairs olfaction, persists in OE and OB tissue, reduces their regenerative ability, and impairs the normal physiological function of OSNs without gross cytopathology. This mouse model shares key features of human post-viral olfactory loss, supporting its future use in studies of PVOD. Further testing and development of this model should allow us to clarify the pathophysiology of PVOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Suter VGA, Negoias S, Friedrich H, Landis BN, Caversaccio MD, Bornstein MM. Gustatory function and taste perception in patients with oral lichen planus and tongue involvement. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:957-964. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prevalence of impaired odor identification in Parkinson disease with imaging evidence of nigrostriatal denervation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:421-4. [PMID: 26911386 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide variability in the reported prevalence rates of abnormal smell in Parkinson disease (PD). This study assessed the prevalence of abnormal smell, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), in 183 patients with PD with confirmed PET imaging evidence of nigrostriatal denervation. Impaired olfaction in this sample was nearly universal (97.8 %). Wide-ranging prior olfactory impairment estimates may reflect not only uncertainty regarding diagnostic classification, but also the use of inaccurate normative data and differences in olfactory tests used.
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Maheswaran T, Abikshyeet P, Sitra G, Gokulanathan S, Vaithiyanadane V, Jeelani S. Gustatory dysfunction. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6:S30-3. [PMID: 25210380 PMCID: PMC4157276 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.137257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tastes in humans provide a vital tool for screening soluble chemicals for food evaluation, selection, and avoidance of potentially toxic substances. Taste or gustatory dysfunctions are implicated in loss of appetite, unintended weight loss, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. Dental practitioners are often the first clinicians to be presented with complaints about taste dysfunction. This brief review provides a summary of the common causes of taste disorders, problems associated with assessing taste function in a clinical setting and management options available to the dental practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maheswaran
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, India
| | - P Abikshyeet
- Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - G Sitra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - S Gokulanathan
- Department of Periodontics, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, India
| | - V Vaithiyanadane
- Department of Physiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, India
| | - S Jeelani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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