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Palanimuthu D, Wu Z, Jansson PJ, Braidy N, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR, Kalinowski DS. Novel chelators based on adamantane-derived semicarbazones and hydrazones that target multiple hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7190-7205. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Novel adamantane-derived semicarbazones and hydrazones show multi-functional activity as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraippandi Palanimuthu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- New South Wales
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- New South Wales
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- New South Wales
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing
- School of Psychiatry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- New South Wales
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- New South Wales
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Scotti L, Ishiki HM, Duarte MC, Oliveira TB, Scotti MT. Computational Approaches in Multitarget Drug Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1800:327-345. [PMID: 29934901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7899-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies entail identifying and characterizing a single protein receptor whose inhibition is likely to result in the successful treatment of a disease of interest, and testing experimentally large libraries of small molecule compounds "in vitro" and "in vivo" to identify promising inhibitors in model systems and determine if the findings are extensible to humans. This highly complex process is largely based on tests, errors, risk, time, and intensive costs. The virtual computational study of compounds simulates situations predicting possible drug linkages with multiple protein target atomic structures, taking into account the dynamic protein inhibitor, and can help identify inhibitors efficiently, particularly for complex drug-resistant diseases. Some discussions will relate to the potential benefits of this approach, using HIV-1 and Plasmodium falciparum infections as examples. Some authors have proposed a virtual drug discovery that not only identifies efficient inhibitors but also helps to minimize side effects and toxicity, thus increasing the likelihood of successful therapies. This chapter discusses concepts and research of bioactive multitargets related to toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marcus T Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Lozano-Gonzalez M, Ramírez-Apan MT, Nieto-Camacho A, Toscano RA, Sanchez-Sandoval AL, Alvarez-Toledano C. Anticarcinogenic and metal chelation properties of novel hydroxybenzylidene-1-indanone derivatives in the U-251 glioblastoma cell line. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of (Z)-2-(hydroxy(aryl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indanone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents against six cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lozano-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Quimica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior S/N
- Coyoacán
- Cd. Universitaria
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Palanimuthu D, Poon R, Sahni S, Anjum R, Hibbs D, Lin HY, Bernhardt PV, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. A novel class of thiosemicarbazones show multi-functional activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:612-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu YX, Wang H, Li XK, Dong SN, Liu WW, Gong Q, Wang TDY, Tang Y, Zhu J, Li J, Zhang HY, Mao F. Discovery of novel propargylamine-modified 4-aminoalkyl imidazole substituted pyrimidinylthiourea derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:33-47. [PMID: 29172081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel propargylamine-modified pyrimidinylthiourea derivatives (1-3) were designed and synthesized as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy, and their potential was evaluated through various biological experiments. Among these derivatives, compound 1b displayed good selective inhibitory activity against AChE (vs BuChE, IC50 = 0.324 μM, SI > 123) and MAO-B (vs MAO-A, IC50 = 1.427 μM, SI > 35). Molecular docking study showed that the pyrimidinylthiourea moiety of 1b could bind to the catalytic active site (CAS) of AChE, and the propargylamine moiety interacted directly with the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) of MAO-B. Moreover, 1b demonstrated mild antioxidant ability, good copper chelating property, effective inhibitory activity against Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation, moderate neuroprotection, low cytotoxicity, and appropriate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in vitro and was capable of ameliorating scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. These results indicated that 1b has the potential to be a multifunctional candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-Duan-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Amit T, Bar-Am O, Mechlovich D, Kupershmidt L, Youdim MBH, Weinreb O. The novel multitarget iron chelating and propargylamine drug M30 affects APP regulation and processing activities in Alzheimer's disease models. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:359-367. [PMID: 28571715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In many of the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related disorders, as well as in the regular ageing process, excessive generation of oxidative stress (OS) and accumulation of iron levels and deposition have been observed in specific affected-brain regions and thus, regarded as contributing factors to the pathogenesis of the diseases. In AD, iron promotes amyloid β (Aβ) neurotoxicity by producing free radical damage and OS in brain areas affected by neurodegeneration, presumably by facilitating the aggregation of Aβ. In addition, it was shown that iron modulates intracellular levels of the holo amyloid precursor protein (APP) by iron-responsive elements (IRE) RNA stem loops in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the APP transcript. As a consequence of these observations, iron chelation is one of the major new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD. This review describes the benefits and importance of the multimodal brain permeable chimeric iron-chelating/propargylamine drug M30, concerning its neuroprotective/neurorestorative inter-related activities relevant of the pathological features ascribed to AD, with a special focus on the effect of the drug on APP regulation and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Amit
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Danit Mechlovich
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lana Kupershmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Moussa B H Youdim
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Orly Weinreb
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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59
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Kim HY, Kwon JA, Kang T, Choi I. Rapid and high-throughput colorimetric screening for anti-aggregation reagents of protein conformational diseases by using gold nanoplasmonic particles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1575-1585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of adult neurode-generation and is characterised by progressive loss of cognitive function leading to death. The neuropathological hallmarks include extracellular amyloid plaque accumulation in affected regions of the brain, formation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal biometal homeostasis. Of the latter, major changes in copper (Cu) levels and localisation have been identified in AD brain, with accumulation of Cu in amyloid deposits, together with deficiency of Cu in some brain regions. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide both have Cu binding sites, and interaction with Cu can lead to potentially neurotoxic outcomes through generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, AD patients have systemic changes to Cu metabolism, and altered Cu may also affect neuroinflammatory outcomes in AD. Although we still have much to learn about Cu homeostasis in AD patients and its role in disease aetiopathology, therapeutic approaches for regulating Cu levels and interactions with Cu-binding proteins in the brain are currently being developed. This review will examine how Cu is associated with pathological changes in the AD brain and how these may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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61
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Menezes JCJMDS. Arylidene indanone scaffold: medicinal chemistry and structure–activity relationship view. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylidene indanone (AI) scaffolds are considered as the rigid cousins of chalcones, incorporating the α,β-unsaturated ketone system of chalcones forming a cyclic 5 membered ring.
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62
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Manna C, Officioso A, Trojsi F, Tedeschi G, Leoncini S, Signorini C, Ciccoli L, De Felice C. Increased non-protein bound iron in Down syndrome: contribution to lipid peroxidation and cognitive decline. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1422-1431. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1253833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arbace Officioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Leoncini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Policlinico “S.M. alle Scotte”, Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciccoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, AOUS, Policlinico “S. M. alle Scotte”, Siena, Italy
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Green KN, Johnston HM, Burnett ME, Brewer SM. Hybrid Antioxidant and Metal Sequestering Small Molecules Targeting the Molecular Features of Alzheimer’s Disease. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1241616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang H, Dharmalingam P, Vasquez V, Mitra J, Boldogh I, Rao KS, Kent TA, Mitra S, Hegde ML. Chronic oxidative damage together with genome repair deficiency in the neurons is a double whammy for neurodegeneration: Is damage response signaling a potential therapeutic target? Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:163-176. [PMID: 27663141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A foremost challenge for the neurons, which are among the most oxygenated cells, is the genome damage caused by chronic exposure to endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed as cellular respiratory byproducts. Strong metabolic activity associated with high transcriptional levels in these long lived post-mitotic cells render them vulnerable to oxidative genome damage, including DNA strand breaks and mutagenic base lesions. There is growing evidence for the accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) during accelerated aging and progressive neurodegeneration. Several germ line mutations in DNA repair or DNA damage response (DDR) signaling genes are uniquely manifested in the phenotype of neuronal dysfunction and are etiologically linked to many neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in our lab and elsewhere revealed that pro-oxidant metals, ROS and misfolded amyloidogenic proteins not only contribute to genome damage in CNS, but also impede their repair/DDR signaling leading to persistent damage accumulation, a common feature in sporadic neurodegeneration. Here, we have reviewed recent advances in our understanding of the etiological implications of DNA damage vs. repair imbalance, abnormal DDR signaling in triggering neurodegeneration and potential of DDR as a target for the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Prakash Dharmalingam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - K S Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA.
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Honarvar MR, Eghtesadi S, Gill P, Jazayeri S, Vakili MA, Shamsardekani MR, Abbasi A. The effect of green tea extract supplementation on sputum smear conversion and weight changes in pulmonary TB patients: A randomized controlled trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2016; 30:381. [PMID: 27493925 PMCID: PMC4972068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceleration in sputum smear conversion helps faster improvement and decreased probability of the transfer of TB. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract supplementation on sputum smear conversion and weight changes in smear positive pulmonary TB patients in Iran. METHODS In this double blind clinical study, TB patients were divided into intervention, (n=43) receiving 500 mg green tea extract (GTE), and control groups (n=40) receiving placebo for two months, using balanced randomization. Random allocation and allocation concealment were observed. Height and weight were measured at the beginning, and two and six months post-treatment. Evaluations were performed on three slides, using the ZiehlNeelsen method. Independent and paired t test, McNemar's, Wilcoxon, Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression model and Log-Rank test were utilized. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. This trial was registered under IRCT201212232602N11. RESULTS The interventional changes and the interactive effect of intervention on weight were not significant (p>0.05). In terms of shortening the duration of conversion, the case to control proportion showed a significant difference (p=0.032). Based on the Cox regression model, the hazard ratio of the relative risk of delay in sputum smear conversion was 3.7 (p=0.002) in the higher microbial load group compared to the placebo group and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31-0.94) in the intervention compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION GTE decreases the risk of delay in sputum smear conversion, but has no effect on weight gain. Moreover, it may be used as an adjuvant therapy for faster rehabilitation for pulmonary TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Honarvar
- 1 PhD Candidate, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahryar Eghtesadi
- 2 Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,(Corresponding author) Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pooria Gill
- 3 Assistant Professor, Departments of PhysioPharmacology & NanoBioMedicine, Research Center for Immunogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- 4 Associate Professor, Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .
| | - Mohammad Ali Vakili
- 5 Associate Professor, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Shamsardekani
- 6 Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .
| | - Abdollah Abbasi
- 7 Assistant Professor, Department of Infection, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Lyons B, Friedrich M, Raftery M, Truscott R. Amyloid Plaque in the Human Brain Can Decompose from Aβ(1-40/1-42) by Spontaneous Nonenzymatic Processes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2675-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lyons
- Illawarra
Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields
Avenue, Wollongong, New South
Wales 2522, Australia
- Save
Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie
Street, Sydney, New South
Wales 2001, Australia
| | - Michael Friedrich
- Illawarra
Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields
Avenue, Wollongong, New South
Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Biological
Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Roger Truscott
- Illawarra
Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields
Avenue, Wollongong, New South
Wales 2522, Australia
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Prati F, Bergamini C, Fato R, Soukup O, Korabecny J, Andrisano V, Bartolini M, Bolognesi ML. Novel 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives as Multitarget Compounds for the Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1284-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Prati
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center; University Hospital Hradec Kralove; Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center; University Hospital Hradec Kralove; Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Quality Life Studies; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Corso d'Augusto 237 47921 Rimini Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6/Via Irnerio 48 40126 Bologna Italy
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Zhou X, Li Y, Shi X, Ma C. An overview on therapeutics attenuating amyloid β level in Alzheimer's disease: targeting neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress and enhanced cholesterol levels. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:246-69. [PMID: 27158324 PMCID: PMC4846881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common underlying cause of dementia, and novel drugs for its treatment are needed. Of the different theories explaining the development and progression of AD, "amyloid hypothesis" is the most supported by experimental data. This hypothesis states that the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that congregate with formation and deposition of Aβ plaques in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Risk factors including neurotransmitter modulation, chronic inflammation, metal-induced oxidative stress and elevated cholesterol levels are key contributors to the disease progress. Current therapeutic strategies abating AD progression are primarily based on anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors as cognitive enhancers. The AChE inhibitor, donepezil, is proven to strengthen cognitive functions and appears effective in treating moderate to severe AD patients. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, is also useful, and its combination with donepezil demonstrated a strong stabilizing effect in clinical studies on AD. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs delayed the onset and progression of AD and attenuated cognitive dysfunction. Based upon epidemiological evidence and animal studies, antioxidants emerged as potential AD preventive agents; however, clinical trials revealed inconsistencies. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling demonstrated pleiotropic functions of the hypolipidemic class of drugs, statins, potentially contributing towards the prevention of AD. In addition, targeting the APP processing pathways, stimulating neuroprotective signaling mechanisms, using the amyloid anti-aggregants and Aβ immunotherapy surfaced as well-tested strategies in reducing the AD-like pathology. Overall, this review covers mechanism of inducing the Aβ formation, key risk factors and major therapeutics prevalent in the AD treatment nowadays. It also delineates the need for novel screening approaches towards identifying drugs that may prevent or at least limit the progression of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China
| | - Yifei Li
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China
| | - Xiaozhe Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China
| | - Chun Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun, China
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Makowska J, Żamojć K, Wyrzykowski D, Uber D, Wierzbicka M, Wiczk W, Chmurzyński L. Binding of Cu(II) ions to peptides studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:451-6. [PMID: 26363471 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching measurements supported by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the interactions of Cu(2+) with four peptides. Two of them were taken from the N-terminal part of the FBP28 protein (formin binding protein) WW domain: Tyr-Lys-Thr-Ala-Asp-Gly-Lys-Thr-Tyr-NH2 (D9) and its mutant Tyr-Lys-Thr-Ala-Asn-Gly-Lys-Thr-Tyr-NH2 (D9_M) as well as two mutated peptides from the B3 domain of the immunoglobulin binding protein G derived from Streptococcus: Asp-Val-Ala-Thr-Tyr-Thr-NH2 (J1) and Glu-Val-Ala-Thr-Tyr-Thr-NH2 (J2). The measurements were carried out at 298.15K in 20mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer solution with a pH of 6. The fluorescence of all peptides was quenched by Cu(2+) ions. The stoichiometry, conditional stability constants and thermodynamic parameters for the interactions of the Cu(2+) ions with D9 and D9_M were determined from the calorimetric data. The values of the conditional stability constants were additionally determined from fluorescence quenching measurements and compared with those obtained from calorimetric studies. There was a good correlation between data obtained from the two techniques. On the other hand, the studies revealed that J1 and J2 do not exhibit an affinity towards metal ions. The obtained results prove that fluorescence quenching experiments may be successfully used in order to determine stability constants of complexes with fluorescent ligands. Finally, based on the obtained results, the coordinating properties of the peptides towards the Cu(2+) ions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Makowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Żamojć
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Uber
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lech Chmurzyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Zengin G, Karanfil A, Uren MC, Kocak MS, Sarikurkcu C, Gungor H, Nancy Picot CM, Mahomoodally MF. Phenolic content, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacity of two Trametes species. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of two mushrooms (Trametes gibbosa and Trametes hirsuta) were characterised for the first time which proved to be potential candidates for new functional food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karanfil
- Manisa Celal Bayar University
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Manisa
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cemil Uren
- Süleyman Demirel University
- Atabey Vocational School
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Isparta
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sefa Kocak
- Süleyman Demirel University
- Atabey Vocational School
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Isparta
- Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Suleyman Demirel University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Isparta
- Turkey
| | - Halil Gungor
- Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Mugla
- Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is positively correlated with the level of circulating or stored toxic metals, and that excretion of these heavy metals, brought about by the use of pharmaceutical chelating agents, results in improved symptoms. OBJECTIVES To assess the potential benefits and adverse effects of pharmaceutical chelating agents (referred to as chelation therapy throughout this review) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases on 6 November 2014: CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process, Embase,PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and 15 other databases, including three trials registers. In addition we checked references lists and contacted experts. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials of pharmaceutical chelating agents compared with placebo in individuals with ASD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed them for risk of bias and extracted relevant data. We did not conduct a meta-analysis, as only one study was included. MAIN RESULTS We excluded nine studies because they were non-randomised trials or were withdrawn before enrolment.We included one study, which was conducted in two phases. During the first phase of the study, 77 children with ASD were randomly assigned to receive seven days of glutathione lotion or placebo lotion, followed by three days of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Forty-nine children who were found to be high excreters of heavy metals during phase one continued on to phase two to receive three days of oral DMSA or placebo followed by 11 days off, with the cycle repeated up to six times. The second phase thus assessed the effectiveness of multiple doses of oral DMSA compared with placebo in children who were high excreters of heavy metals and who received a three-day course of oral DMSA. Overall, no evidence suggests that multiple rounds of oral DMSA had an effect on ASD symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review included data from only one study, which had methodological limitations. As such, no clinical trial evidence was found to suggest that pharmaceutical chelation is an effective intervention for ASD. Given prior reports of serious adverse events, such as hypocalcaemia, renal impairment and reported death, the risks of using chelation for ASD currently outweigh proven benefits. Before further trials are conducted, evidence that supports a causal link between heavy metals and autism and methods that ensure the safety of participants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen James
- Department of Research, Southwest AutismResearch and Resource Center, Phoenix, AZ,USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is positively correlated with the level of circulating or stored toxic metals, and that excretion of these heavy metals, brought about by the use of pharmaceutical chelating agents, results in improved symptoms. OBJECTIVES To assess the potential benefits and adverse effects of pharmaceutical chelating agents (referred to as chelation therapy throughout this review) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases on 6 November 2014: CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and 15 other databases, including three trials registers. In addition we checked references lists and contacted experts. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials of pharmaceutical chelating agents compared with placebo in individuals with ASD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed them for risk of bias and extracted relevant data. We did not conduct a meta-analysis, as only one study was included. MAIN RESULTS We excluded nine studies because they were non-randomised trials or were withdrawn before enrolment. We included one study, which was conducted in two phases. During the first phase of the study, 77 children with ASD were randomly assigned to receive seven days of glutathione lotion or placebo lotion, followed by three days of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Forty-nine children who were found to be high excreters of heavy metals during phase one continued on to phase two to receive three days of oral DMSA or placebo followed by 11 days off, with the cycle repeated up to six times. The second phase thus assessed the effectiveness of multiple doses of oral DMSA compared with placebo in children who were high excreters of heavy metals and who received a three-day course of oral DMSA. Overall, no evidence suggests that multiple rounds of oral DMSA had an effect on ASD symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review included data from only one study, which had methodological limitations. As such, no clinical trial evidence was found to suggest that pharmaceutical chelation is an effective intervention for ASD. Given prior reports of serious adverse events, such as hypocalcaemia, renal impairment and reported death, the risks of using chelation for ASD currently outweigh proven benefits. Before further trials are conducted, evidence that supports a causal link between heavy metals and autism and methods that ensure the safety of participants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen James
- Southwest Autism Research and Resource CenterDepartment of Research2225 N. 16th StreetPhoenixAZUSA
| | - Shawn W Stevenson
- University of MelbourneDepartment of Paediatrics50 Flemington RoadMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
| | - Natalie Silove
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadChild Development UnitLocked Bag 4001SydneyNew South WalesAustralia2145
| | - Katrina Williams
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of PaediatricsFlemington RdParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Royal Children's Hospital MelbourneDepartment of Developmental MedicineFlemington RdMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteFlemington RdParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
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Rajasekhar K, Chakrabarti M, Govindaraju T. Function and toxicity of amyloid beta and recent therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13434-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our Feature Article details the physiological role of amyloid beta (Aβ), elaborates its toxic effects and outlines therapeutic molecules designed in the last two years targeting different aspects of Aβ for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Malabika Chakrabarti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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Walke GR, Rapole S, Kulkarni PP. Cisplatin inhibits the formation of a reactive intermediate during copper-catalyzed oxidation of amyloid β peptide. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10003-5. [PMID: 25237806 DOI: 10.1021/ic5007764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin was studied for its effect on the copper-catalyzed oxidation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. The interaction of cisplatin with Aβ1-16 in the presence of Cu(II) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry. The positive shift in the E1/2 value of Aβ1-16-Cu(II) suggests that the interaction of cisplatin alters the copper-binding properties of Aβ1-16. The mass spectrometry data show complete inhibition of copper-catalyzed decarboxylation/deamination of the Asp1 residue of Aβ1-16, while there is a significant decrease in copper-catalyzed oxidation of Aβ1-16 in the presence of cisplatin. Overall, our results provide a novel mode by which cisplatin inhibits copper-catalyzed oxidation of Aβ. These findings may lead to the design of better platinum complexes to treat oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease and other related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan R Walke
- Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute , Pune, India
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Fakharzadeh S, Sahraian MA, Hafizi M, Kalanaky S, Masoumi Z, Mahdavi M, Kamalian N, Minagar A, Nazaran MH. The therapeutic effects of MSc1 nanocomplex, synthesized by nanochelating technology, on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitic C57/BL6 mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3841-53. [PMID: 25143732 PMCID: PMC4137990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s64630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Currently approved therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) at best only slow down its progression. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize novel technologies in order to synthesize smart multifunctional structures. In the present study, for the first time we evaluated the therapeutic potential of MSc1 nanocomplex, which was designed based on novel nanochelating technology. Materials and methods MSc1 cell-protection capacity, with and without iron bond, was evaluated against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in cultured rat pheochromocytoma-12 cells. The ability of MSc1 to maintain iron bond at pH ranges of 1–7 was evaluated. Nanocomplex toxicity was examined by estimating the intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitic mice were injected with MSc1 14 days after disease induction, when the clinical symptoms appeared. The clinical score, body weight, and disease-induced mortality were monitored until day 54. In the end, after collecting blood samples for assessing hemoglobin and red blood cell count, the brains and livers of the mice were isolated for hematoxylin and eosin staining and analysis of iron content, respectively. Results The results showed that MSc1 prevented H2O2-induced cell death even after binding with iron, and it preserved its bond with iron constant at pH ranges 1–7. The nanocomplex intraperitoneal LD50 was 1,776.59 mg/kg. MSc1 prompted therapeutic behavior and improved the disabling features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was confirmed by decreased clinical scores versus increased body mass and 100% survival probability. It did not cause any adverse effects on hemoglobin or red blood cell count. Histopathological studies showed no neural loss or lymphocyte infiltration in MSc1-treated mice, while the hepatic iron content was also normal. Conclusion These results demonstrate that MSc1 could be a promising beneficial novel agent and has the capacity to be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Kamalian
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Centre, Shreveport, LA, USA
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New perspectives on oxidized genome damage and repair inhibition by pro-oxidant metals in neurological diseases. Biomolecules 2014; 4:678-703. [PMID: 25036887 PMCID: PMC4192668 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause(s) of neuronal death in most cases of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are still unknown. However, the association of certain etiological factors, e.g., oxidative stress, protein misfolding/aggregation, redox metal accumulation and various types of damage to the genome, to pathological changes in the affected brain region(s) have been consistently observed. While redox metal toxicity received major attention in the last decade, its potential as a therapeutic target is still at a cross-roads, mostly because of the lack of mechanistic understanding of metal dyshomeostasis in affected neurons. Furthermore, previous studies have established the role of metals in causing genome damage, both directly and via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little was known about their impact on genome repair. Our recent studies demonstrated that excess levels of iron and copper observed in neurodegenerative disease-affected brain neurons could not only induce genome damage in neurons, but also affect their repair by oxidatively inhibiting NEIL DNA glycosylases, which initiate the repair of oxidized DNA bases. The inhibitory effect was reversed by a combination of metal chelators and reducing agents, which underscore the need for elucidating the molecular basis for the neuronal toxicity of metals in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have focused on the oxidative genome damage repair pathway as a potential target for reducing pro-oxidant metal toxicity in neurological diseases.
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Polyphenols as therapeutic molecules in Alzheimer's disease through modulating amyloid pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:466-79. [PMID: 24826916 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative condition. The complex pathology of this disease includes oxidative stress, metal deposition, formation of aggregates of amyloid and tau, enhanced immune responses, and disturbances in cholinesterase. Drugs targeted toward reduction of amyloidal load have been discovered, but there is no effective pharmacological treatment for combating the disease so far. Natural products have become an important avenue for drug discovery research. Polyphenols are natural products that have been shown to be effective in the modulation of the type of neurodegenerative changes seen in AD, suggesting a possible therapeutic role. The present review focuses on the chemistry of polyphenols and their role in modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. We also provide new hypotheses on how these therapeutic molecules may modulate APP processing, prevent Aβ aggregation, and favor disruption of preformed fibrils. Finally, the role of polyphenols in modulating Alzheimer's pathology is discussed.
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Du X, Li H, Wang Z, Qiu S, Liu Q, Ni J. Selenoprotein P and selenoprotein M block Zn2+ -mediated Aβ42 aggregation and toxicity. Metallomics 2014; 5:861-70. [PMID: 23652332 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation and cytotoxicity of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide with transition metal ions in neuronal cells have been suggested to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A therapeutic strategy to combat this incurable disease is to design chemical agents to target metal-Aβ species. Selenoproteins are a group of special proteins that contain the 21st amino acid Sec in their sequence. Due to the presence of Sec, studies of this group of proteins are basically focused on their roles in regulating redox potential and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here, we reported that the His-rich domain of selenoprotein P (SelP-H) and the Sec-to-Cys mutant selenoprotein M (SelM') are capable of binding transition metal ions and modulating the Zn(2+)-mediated Aβ aggregation, ROS production and neurotoxicity. SelM' (U48C) and SelP-H were found to coordinate 0.5 and 2 molar equivalents of Zn(2+)/Cd(2+) with micromolar and submicromolar affinities, respectively. Metal binding induced the structural changes in SelP-H and SelM' according to the circular dichorism spectra. Zn(2+) binding to Aβ42 almost completely suppressed Aβ42 fibrillization, which could be significantly restored by SelP-H and SelM', as observed by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, both SelP-H and SelM' inhibited Zn(2+)-Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and the intracellular ROS production in living cells. These studies suggest that SelP and SelM may play certain roles in regulating redox balance as well as metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Mot AI, Wedd AG, Sinclair L, Brown DR, Collins SJ, Brazier MW. Metal attenuating therapies in neurodegenerative disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:1717-45. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
These proceedings will review the role of chelation in five metals-aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, and uranium-in order to illustrate various chelation concepts. The process of "chelation" can often be oversimplified, leading to incorrect assumptions and risking patient harm. For chelation to be effective, two critical assumptions must be fulfilled: the presumed "metal toxicity" must correlate with a given body or a particular compartment burden, and reducing this compartmental or the body burden (through chelation) attenuates toxicity. Fulfilling these assumptions requires an established dose-response relationship, a validated, reproducible means of toxicity assessment (clinical, biochemical, or radiographical), and an appropriate assessment mechanisms of body or compartment burden. While a metal might "technically" be capable of chelation (and readily demonstrable in urine or feces), this is an insufficient endpoint. Clinical relevance must be affirmed. Deferoxamine is an accepted chelator for appropriately documented aluminum toxicity. There is a very minimal treatment window in order to address chelation in cadmium toxicity. In acute toxicity, while no definitive chelation benefit is described, succimer (DMSA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), and potentially ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been considered. In chronic toxicity, chelation is unsupported. There is little evidence to suggest that currently available chromium chelators are efficacious. Similarly, scant human evidence exists with which to provide recommendation for cobalt chelation. DTPA has been recommended for cobalt radionuclide chelation, although DMSA, EDTA, and N-acetylcysteine have also been suggested. DTPA is unsupported for uranium chelation. Sodium bicarbonate is currently recommended, although animal evidence is conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,
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Complexation between Cu(II) and curcumin in the presence of two different segments of amyloid β. Biophys Chem 2013; 184:62-7. [PMID: 24121531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural product curcumin has been shown to play a role in preventing Aβ amyloid fibril formation. This role could include chelation of transition metal ions such as Cu(2+), known to accelerate amyloid aggregation, and/or curcumin-binding directly to the Aβ protein. To investigate these different roles, curcumin complexation to Cu(2+) was investigated in the presence and absence of two different segments of the Aβ protein including the copper-binding (Aβ6-14) and curcumin-binding (Aβ14-23) domains. Absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy in 90% water/10% methanol solutions showed that curcumin can bind Cu(2+) to some extent in the presence of both segments despite strong peptide-ion interactions. Estimated Cu(2+)-curcumin binding affinities in the absence (1.6×10(5)M(-1)) and presence (7.9×10(4)M(-1)) of the peptide provide quantitative support for this Cu(2+) chelation role. With the Aβ14-23 segment, the curcumin simultaneously binds to Cu(2+) and the peptide, demonstrating that it can play multiple roles in the prevention of amyloid formation. The stabilities of ternary peptide-Cu(2+)-curcumin complexes were evaluated using ESI mass spectrometry and support the conclusion that curcumin can act as a weak metal ion chelator and also bind directly to the Aβ14-23 peptide segment.
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Weinreb O, Mandel S, Youdim MBH, Amit T. Targeting dysregulation of brain iron homeostasis in Parkinson's disease by iron chelators. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:52-64. [PMID: 23376471 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron accumulation has been implicated in a host of chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The elevated iron levels observed in the substantia nigra of PD subjects have been suggested to incite the generation of reactive oxygen species and intracellular α-synuclein aggregation, terminating in the oxidative neuronal destruction of this brain area. Thus, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in iron dysregulation and oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration is a crucial step in deciphering PD pathology and in developing novel iron-complexing compounds aimed at restoring brain iron homeostasis and attenuating neurodegeneration. This review discusses the involvement of dysregulation of brain iron homeostasis in PD pathology, with an emphasis on the potential effectiveness of naturally occurring compounds and novel iron-chelating/antioxidant therapeutic hybrid molecules, exerting a spectrum of neuroprotective interrelated activities: antioxidant/monoamine oxidase inhibition, activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway, induction of HIF-1 target iron-regulatory and antioxidative genes, and inhibition of α-synuclein accumulation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Silvia Mandel
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Moussa B H Youdim
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Oyama TM, Ishida S, Okano Y, Seo H, Oyama Y. Clioquinol-induced increase and decrease in the intracellular Zn2+ level in rat thymocytes. Life Sci 2012; 91:1216-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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85
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Lindgren J, Segerfeldt P, Sholts SB, Gräslund A, Karlström AE, Wärmländer SKTS. Engineered non-fluorescent Affibody molecules facilitate studies of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide in monomeric form: low pH was found to reduce Aβ/Cu(II) binding affinity. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 120:18-23. [PMID: 23262458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides into oligomers and amyloid plaques in the human brain is considered a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As metal ions are over-represented in AD patient brains, and as distinct Aβ aggregation pathways in presence of Cu(II) have been demonstrated, metal binding to Aβ likely affects AD progression. Aβ aggregation is moreover pH-dependent, and AD appears to involve inflammatory conditions leading to physiological acidosis. Although metal binding specificity to Aβ varies at different pH's, metal binding affinity to Aβ has so far not been quantitatively investigated at sub-neutral pH levels. This may be explained by the difficulties involved in studying monomeric peptide properties under aggregation-promoting conditions. We have recently devised a modified Affibody molecule, Z(Aβ3)(12-58), that binds Aβ with sub-nanomolar affinity, thereby locking the peptide in monomeric form without affecting the N-terminal region where metal ions bind. Here, we introduce non-fluorescent Aβ-binding Affibody variants that keep Aβ monomeric while only slightly affecting the Aβ peptide's metal binding properties. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that Cu(II)/Aβ(1-40) binding is almost two orders of magnitude weaker at pH 5.0 (apparent K(D)=51 μM) than at pH 7.3 (apparent K(D)=0.86 μM). This effect is arguably caused by protonation of the histidines involved in the metal ligandation. Our results indicate that engineered variants of Affibody molecules are useful for studying metal-binding and other properties of monomeric Aβ under various physiological conditions, which will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Lindgren
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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86
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Lincoln KM, Richardson TE, Rutter L, Gonzalez P, Simpkins JW, Green KN. An N-heterocyclic amine chelate capable of antioxidant capacity and amyloid disaggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:919-27. [PMID: 23173072 PMCID: PMC3503443 DOI: 10.1021/cn300060v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, along with a disruption of transition metal ion homeostasis in conjunction with oxidative stress. Spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging studies show that 1 (pyclen) is capable of both preventing and disrupting Cu(2+) induced AB(1-40) aggregation. The pyridine backbone of 1 engenders antioxidant capacity, as shown by cellular DCFH-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) assay in comparison to other N-heterocyclic amines lacking this aromatic feature. Finally, 1 prevents cell death induced by oxidative stress as shown by the Calcein AM assay. The results are supported using density functional theory studies which show that the pyridine backbone is responsible for the antioxidant capacity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University, Ft. Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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87
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88
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Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Youdim MBH, Weinreb O. The novel multi-target iron chelating-radical scavenging compound M30 possesses beneficial effects on major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:860-77. [PMID: 22360429 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the novel neuroprotective multi-target nontoxic, lipophilic, brain permeable monoamine oxidase inhibitor and iron chelating-radical scavenging drug, M30, on the neuropathology and deficits of spatial learning and memory in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. RESULTS Here, we report that systemic treatment of APP/PS1 Tg mice with M30 for 9 months, significantly attenuated cognitive impairments in a variety of tasks of spatial learning and memory retention, working memory, learning abilities, anxiety levels, and memory for novel food and nesting behavior. Furthermore, we found that M30 reduced cerebral iron accumulation accompanied by a marked decrease in several AD-like phenotypes, including cerebral APP levels, amyloid β (Aβ) levels and plaques, phospho-APP and phospho-tau. Signaling studies revealed that M30 markedly downregulated the levels of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and increased protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. INNOVATION Accumulation and deposition of brain iron is central to various neuropathological processes in AD, including oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and tau phosphorylation. Thus, the concept of iron chelation holds considerable promise as a therapeutic strategy for AD pathogenesis. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated that, when systemically administered to APP/PS1 Tg mice, our novel multifunctional iron chelating/radical scavenging compound, M30, effectively reduced Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation, and attenuated memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that M30 is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kupershmidt
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Haifa, Israel
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89
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Jiang T, Zhi XL, Zhang YH, Pan LF, Zhou P. Inhibitory effect of curcumin on the Al(III)-induced Aβ42 aggregation and neurotoxicity in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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90
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Milačič R, Zuliani T, Ščančar J. Environmental impact of toxic elements in red mud studied by fractionation and speciation procedures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 426:359-65. [PMID: 22542238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is mostly produced from bauxite ore, which contains up to 70% of Al(2)O(3) (alumina). Before alumina is refined to aluminum metal, it is purified by hot alkaline extraction. As a waste by-product red mud is formed. Due to its high alkalinity and large quantities, it represents a severe disposal problem. In Kidričevo (Slovenia), red mud was washed with water before disposal, and after drying, covered with soil. In Ajka (Hungary), the red mud slurry was collected directly in a containment structure, which burst caused a major accident in October 2010. In the present work the environmental impact of toxic elements in red mud from Kidričevo and Ajka were evaluated by applying a sequential extraction procedure and speciation analysis. The predominant red mud fraction was the insoluble residue; nevertheless, environmental concern was focused on the highly mobile water-soluble fraction of Al and Cr. Al in the water-soluble Ajka mud fraction was present exclusively in form of toxic [Al(OH)(4)](-), while Cr existed in its toxic hexavalent form. Comparative assessment to red mud from Kidričevo (Slovenia) with a lower alkalinity (pH 9) with that from Ajka demonstrated significantly lower Al solubility and the presence of only trace amounts of Cr(VI), confirming that disposal of neutralized mud is environmentally much more acceptable and carries a smaller risk of ecological accidents. Since during the Ajka accident huge amounts of biologically available Al and moderate Cr(VI) concentrations were released into the terrestrial and aquatic environments, monitoring of Al and Cr(VI) set free during remedial actions at the contaminated site is essential. Particular care should be taken to minimize the risk of release of soluble Al species and Cr(VI) into water supplies and surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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91
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Villar-Piqué A, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, de Groot NS, Ventura S. Using bacterial inclusion bodies to screen for amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:55. [PMID: 22553999 PMCID: PMC3495732 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) is the main component of the inter-neuronal amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism by which Aβ42 and other amyloid peptides assemble into insoluble neurotoxic deposits is still not completely understood and multiple factors have been reported to trigger their formation. In particular, the presence of endogenous metal ions has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Results Here we describe a rapid and high-throughput screening method to identify molecules able to modulate amyloid aggregation. The approach exploits the inclusion bodies (IBs) formed by Aβ42 when expressed in bacteria. We have shown previously that these aggregates retain amyloid structural and functional properties. In the present work, we demonstrate that their in vitro refolding is selectively sensitive to the presence of aggregation-promoting metal ions, allowing the detection of inhibitors of metal-promoted amyloid aggregation with potential therapeutic interest. Conclusions Because IBs can be produced at high levels and easily purified, the method overcomes one of the main limitations in screens to detect amyloid modulators: the use of expensive and usually highly insoluble synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Villar-Piqué
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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92
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pH-dependence of the specific binding of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions to the amyloid-β peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:554-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Chen WT, Hong CJ, Lin YT, Chang WH, Huang HT, Liao JY, Chang YJ, Hsieh YF, Cheng CY, Liu HC, Chen YR, Cheng IH. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) D7H mutation increases oligomeric Aβ42 and alters properties of Aβ-zinc/copper assemblies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35807. [PMID: 22558227 PMCID: PMC3340413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually lead to increases in amyloid β-protein (Aβ) levels or aggregation. Here, we identified a novel APP mutation, located within the Aβ sequence (AβD7H), in a Taiwanese family with early onset AD and explored the pathogenicity of this mutation. Cellular and biochemical analysis reveal that this mutation increased Aβ production, Aβ42/40 ratio and prolonged Aβ42 oligomer state with higher neurotoxicity. Because the D7H mutant Aβ has an additional metal ion-coordinating residue, histidine, we speculate that this mutation may promote susceptibility of Aβ to ion. When co-incubated with Zn2+ or Cu2+, AβD7H aggregated into low molecular weight oligomers. Together, the D7H mutation could contribute to AD pathology through a “double punch” effect on elevating both Aβ production and oligomerization. Although the pathogenic nature of this mutation needs further confirmation, our findings suggest that the Aβ N-terminal region potentially modulates APP processing and Aβ aggregation, and further provides a genetic indication of the importance of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the etiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tzu Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - He-Ting Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Liao
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ya Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chih Liu
- Division of Neurology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (IHC); (YRC)
| | - Irene H. Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (IHC); (YRC)
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94
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Hegde ML, Mantha AK, Hazra TK, Bhakat KK, Mitra S, Szczesny B. Oxidative genome damage and its repair: implications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:157-68. [PMID: 22313689 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated endogenously during respiration or exogenously by genotoxic agents, induce oxidized bases and single-strand breaks (SSBs) in DNA that are repaired via the base excision/SSB repair (BER/SSBR) pathway in both the nucleus and mitochondria. Tightly regulated BER/SSBR with multiple sub-pathways is highly complex, and is linked to the replication and transcription. The repair-initiating DNA glycosylases (DGs) or AP-endonuclease (APE1) control the sub-pathway by stably interacting with downstream proteins usually via their common interacting domain (CID). A nonconserved CID with disordered structure usually located at one of the termini includes the sequences for covalent modifications and/or organelle targeting. While the DGs are individually dispensable, the SSBR-initiating APE1 and polynucleotide kinase 3' phosphatase (PNKP) are essential. BER/SSBR of mammalian nuclear and mitochondrial genomes share the same early enzymes. Accumulation of oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has been implicated in aging and various neurological disorders. While defects in BER/SSBR proteins have been linked to hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, our recent studies implicated transition metal-induced inhibition of NEIL family DGs in sporadic diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances in repair of oxidatively damages in mammalian genomes and their linkage to aging and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1079, USA
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95
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96
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Crisponi G, Nurchi VM. Thermodynamic remarks on chelating ligands for aluminium related diseases. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1518-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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97
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Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Rao KS, Mitra S. Oxidative genome damage and its repair in neurodegenerative diseases: function of transition metals as a double-edged sword. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 24 Suppl 2:183-98. [PMID: 21441656 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) with high O2 consumption and prolonged life span are chronically exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS-induced genome damage in the form of oxidized bases and single-strand breaks (SSBs) as well as their defective or reduced repair in the brain has been implicated in the etiology of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's/Parkinson's diseases (AD/PD). Although inactivating mutations in some DNA repair genes have been linked to hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, the underlying mechanisms of repair deficiencies for the sporadic diseases is not understood. The ROS-induced DNA damage is predominantly repaired via the highly conserved and regulated base excision/SSB repair (BER/SSBR) pathway. We recently made an interesting discovery that the transition metals iron and copper, which accumulate excessively in the brains of AD, PD, and other neurodegenerative diseases, act as a 'double-edged sword' by inducing genotoxic ROS and inhibiting DNA damage repair at the same time. These metals inhibit the base excision activity of NEIL family DNA glycosylases by oxidizing them, changing their structure, and inhibiting their binding to downstream repair proteins. Metal chelators and reducing agents partially reverse the inhibition, while curcumin with both chelating and reducing activities reverses the inhibition nearly completely. In this review, we have discussed the possible etiological linkage of BER/SSBR defects to neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of metal chelators in restoring DNA repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1079, USA.
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98
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He M, Wang WX. Factors affecting the bioaccessibility of methylmercury in several marine fish species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7155-7162. [PMID: 21650469 DOI: 10.1021/jf201424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility refers to the maximum bioavailability of pollutant ingested with food, and its measurements can lead to a more accurate risk assessment as compared to the measurements of total concentrations of pollutant in food. This study examined the factors affecting the bioaccessibility of methylmercury (MeHg) in nine species of marine fish with an aim to identify ways of reducing MeHg bioaccessibility. MeHg bioaccessibility without any treatment in the nine species of marine fish ranged from 16.0 to 67.7%. Steaming, grilling, and frying reduced MeHg bioaccessibility by 29.4-77.4% for rabbitfish and 74.6-95.8% for grouper. Co-consumption of phytochemical-rich foods such as green tea decreased the bioaccessibility of MeHg by 72.2% for rabbitfish and 74.0% for grouper, whereas meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid increased it by 39.2-108% for rabbitfish and 45.3-75.7% for grouper. The bioaccessibilities of both MeHg and inorganic mercury were independent of the total Hg concentration and the exposure route (dietary vs dissolved). In eight of the nine species studied, bioaccessibility was negatively correlated with the extent to which MeHg was partitioned into the metal-rich granule fraction and the trophically available fraction. It was positively correlated with partitioning into the cellular debris fraction. This study demonstrated the important control of subcellular distribution in MeHg bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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99
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Crisponi G, Nurchi VM, Faa G, Remelli M. Human diseases related to aluminium overload. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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100
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Kawahara M, Kato-Negishi M. Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:276393. [PMID: 21423554 PMCID: PMC3056430 DOI: 10.4061/2011/276393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The relationship between aluminum exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, including dialysis encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism dementia in the Kii Peninsula and Guam, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. In particular, the link between aluminum and Alzheimer's disease has been the subject of scientific debate for several decades. However, the complex characteristics of aluminum bioavailability make it difficult to evaluate its toxicity and therefore, the relationship remains to be established. Mounting evidence has suggested that significance of oligomerization of β-amyloid protein and neurotoxicity in the molecular mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Aluminum may play crucial roles as a cross-linker in β-amyloid oligomerization. Here, we review the detailed characteristics of aluminum neurotoxicity based on our own studies and the recent literatures. Our aim is to revisit the link between aluminum and AD and to integrate aluminum and amyloid cascade hypotheses in the context of β-amyloid oligomerization and the interactions with other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-cho, Nobeoka-shi, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
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