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Vaccine Candidate Brucella melitensis 16M ΔvjbR Is Safe in a Pregnant Sheep Model and Confers Protection. mSphere 2020; 5:5/3/e00120-20. [PMID: 32404509 PMCID: PMC7227765 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00120-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural host species for Brucella melitensis, pregnant sheep offer an ideal model to evaluate vaccine candidates for safety. B. melitensis strain Rev. 1 has been used almost exclusively to prevent brucellosis in small ruminants, but it causes abortions when given to pregnant animals. To evaluate the comparative safety of the candidate Brucella melitensis 16MΔvjbR, pregnant sheep (n = 6) were vaccinated subcutaneously with 1 × 1010 CFU/ml of 16MΔvjbR or 1 × 109 CFU/ml Rev. 1 at a highly susceptible stage of gestation (approximately 70 days). 16MΔvjbR resulted in only 1 abortion (1 of 6) compared with 4 of 6 (66.7%) abortions in the Rev. 1 cohort. The placenta was evaluated by culture to determine if vaccination resulted in colonization. As another measure of safety, effects of B. melitensis on the fetus/offspring (vertical transmission) was evaluated by culture and histopathology of fetal tissues to determine if vaccination prevented infection of the fetus. Vaccination with 16MΔvjbR resulted in less vertical transmission than Rev. 1. To determine if vaccination was efficacious and could reduce tissue colonization in sheep, the same cohort of sheep were challenged 5 weeks postpartum by conjunctival inoculation with 1 × 107 CFU/ml B. melitensis Protection was similar between Rev. 1 and 16MΔvjbR, with no statistical difference in colonization in the target organs. Overall, the 16MΔvjbR vaccine was considered safer than Rev. 1 based on a reduced number of abortions and limited infection in the offspring. Future experiments are needed to further refine the vaccine dose to increase the safety margin and to evaluate protection in pregnant ewes.IMPORTANCE Brucellosis is one of the most commonly reported zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Of the 12 Brucella species, Brucella melitensis is considered the most virulent and causes reproductive failure (abortions/stillbirths) in small ruminants, which can spread the disease to other animals or to humans. Vaccination of small ruminants is a key measure used to protect both human and animal health. However, the commercially available live-attenuated vaccine for Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 retains virulence and can cause disease in animals and humans. In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy in sheep, we vaccinated pregnant sheep with 16MΔvjbR Our results indicate that 16MΔvjbR was safer for use during pregnancy, provided a similar level of protection as Rev. 1, and could be considered an improved candidate for future vaccine trials.
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Ueno Y, Yanagisawa M, Kino S, Shigeno S, Osaki M, Takamatsu D, Katsuda K, Maruyama T, Ohishi K. Molecular characterization of Brucella ceti from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with osteomyelitis in the western Pacific. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:754-758. [PMID: 32336742 PMCID: PMC7324819 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of Brucella spp. in the western Pacific has been suggested by epidemiological studies on cetaceans, it has not been confirmed by bacterial isolation. Here, for the first time, we report that a marine Brucella strain was isolated in the western Pacific from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis. The isolate from the lesion was confirmed to be B. ceti of sequence type 27 by multilocus sequence typing and Bruce-ladder PCR. Infrequent-restriction-site PCR and omp2 gene sequencing revealed that molecular characteristics of this isolate were similar to those of Brucella DNA previously detected from minke whales in the western North Pacific. These results suggest that genetically related Brucella strains circulate in cetacean species in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ueno
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Makio Yanagisawa
- Okinawa Churashima Foundation, 888 Ishikawa, Kunigamigun Motobucho, Okinawa 905-0214, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kino
- Okinawa Churashima Foundation, 888 Ishikawa, Kunigamigun Motobucho, Okinawa 905-0214, Japan
| | - Satoru Shigeno
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 3-1 Kenekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken Katsuda
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maruyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazue Ohishi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan
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53
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Bodenham RF, Lukambagire AS, Ashford RT, Buza JJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Crump JA, Kazwala RR, Maro VP, McGiven J, Mkenda N, Mmbaga BT, Rubach MP, Sakasaka P, Shirima GM, Swai ES, Thomas KM, Whatmore AM, Haydon DT, Halliday JEB. Prevalence and speciation of brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7081. [PMID: 32341414 PMCID: PMC7184621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Pastoralists are at high risk of infection but data on brucellosis from these communities are scarce. The study objectives were to: estimate the prevalence of human brucellosis, identify the Brucella spp. causing illness, describe non-Brucella bloodstream infections, and identify risk factors for brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania. Fourteen (6.1%) of 230 participants enrolled between August 2016 and October 2017 met study criteria for confirmed (febrile illness and culture positivity or ≥four-fold rise in SAT titre) or probable (febrile illness and single SAT titre ≥160) brucellosis. Brucella spp. was the most common bloodstream infection, with B. melitensis isolated from seven participants and B. abortus from one. Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were also isolated. Risk factors identified for brucellosis included age and herding, with a greater probability of brucellosis in individuals with lower age and who herded cattle, sheep or goats in the previous 12 months. Disease prevention activities targeting young herders have potential to reduce the impacts of human brucellosis in Tanzania. Livestock vaccination strategies for the region should include both B. melitensis and B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Bodenham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Roland T Ashford
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Joram J Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Shama Cash-Goldwasser
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John A Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Venance P Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John McGiven
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Nestory Mkenda
- Endulen Hospital, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Matthew P Rubach
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriel M Shirima
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel S Swai
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kate M Thomas
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo E B Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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54
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Li Z, Wang XM, Zhu X, Wang M, Cheng H, Li D, Liu ZG. Molecular Characteristics of Brucella Isolates Collected From Humans in Hainan Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:452. [PMID: 32292391 PMCID: PMC7120952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis has been reported in several regions of Hainan Province, but the extent of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Conventional biotyping methods, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from draft genome sequencing were employed to characterize the strains. There were four biovars (Brucella melitensis bv. 1, 2, and 3 and Brucella suis bv. 3) detected, which showed that the biovar diversity of Brucella in Hainan is higher than in other areas of China. Both B. melitensis bv. 3 and B. suis bv. 3 were dominant species and showed epidemiology patterns that were compatible with both southern and northern China. Eight of MLVA-11 genotypes were known (31, 111, 116, 120, 136, 291, 297, and 345), and the remaining seven were novel (HN11-1 to HN11-7); these data showed that Brucella strains in this study had multiple geographic origins and exhibited characteristics of origin and evolution of co-existing imported and Hainan specific lineage. A total of 41 strains were found, belonging to 37 unique genotypes that each represented a single strain, which suggests that these strains were not directly related epidemiologically and indicates that the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Hainan was dominated by sporadic strains. The high HGDI values were observed in MLVA-8, MLVA-11, and MLVA-16 among two species, suggesting considerable genetic diversity among these species. MST is characterized based on MLVA-16 that was found both throughout China and on a global level and showed that strains of this study had significant genetic differences with strains from many parts of the globe and seemingly represent a unique genetic lineage. Whole-genome SNP analysis showed that four B. melitensis were closely related to strains from China's northern provinces, and the source of infection was partly of human brucellosis in this province that may have been from these regions. The B. suis were closely related to strains from the United States, and further investigation of the transportation of animals, such as pigs, is needed to elucidate the origins of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ming Wang
- Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Centre for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Jining, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
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55
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Pelerito A, Nunes A, Núncio MS, Gomes JP. Genome-scale approach to study the genetic relatedness among Brucella melitensis strains. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229863. [PMID: 32150564 PMCID: PMC7062273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals. To date, laboratory surveillance is still essentially based on the traditional MLVA-16 methodology and the associated epidemiological information is frequently scarce. Our goal was to contribute to the improvement of Brucella spp. surveillance through the implementation of a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach. We created a curated ready-to-use species-specific wgMLST scheme enrolling a panel of 2656 targets (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3575026) and used this schema to perform a retrospective analysis of the genetic relatedness among B. melitensis strains causing human infection in Portugal (a country where brucellosis is an endemic disease) from 2010 to 2018. The strains showed a phylogenetic clustering within genotype II (25 out of 36) and IV (4 out of 36), and shared clades with strains isolated from countries with which Portugal has intense food trading, tourism and similar eating habits, such as Spain, Italy and Greece. In addition, our results point to the identification of strong associations between B. melitensis strains, likely underlying missed "outbreaks" as 22 out of the 36 strains showed genetic linkage with others. In fact, the applied gene-by-gene approach grouped these strains into six genetic clusters each one containing putative epidemiological links. Nevertheless, more studies will be needed in order to define the appropriate range of cut-offs (probable non-static cut-offs) that best illustrate the association between genetic linkage and epidemiological information and may serve as alerts for the health authorities. The release of this freely available and scalable schema contributes to the required technological transition for laboratorial surveillance of brucellosis and will facilitate the assessment of ongoing and future outbreaks in order to prevent the transmission spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pelerito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bioinformatics Unit, National Institute of Health (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Núncio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bioinformatics Unit, National Institute of Health (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
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56
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Cloeckaert A, Vergnaud G, Zygmunt MS. Omp2b Porin Alteration in the Course of Evolution of Brucella spp. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:284. [PMID: 32153552 PMCID: PMC7050475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Brucella comprises major pathogenic species causing disease in livestock and humans, e.g. B. melitensis. In the past few years, the genus has been significantly expanded by the discovery of phylogenetically more distant lineages comprising strains from diverse wildlife animal species, including amphibians and fish. The strains represent several potential new species, with B. inopinata as solely named representative. Being genetically more distant between each other, relative to the “classical” Brucella species, they present distinct atypical phenotypes and surface antigens. Among surface protein antigens, the Omp2a and Omp2b porins display the highest diversity in the classical Brucella species. The genes coding for these proteins are closely linked in the Brucella genome and oriented in opposite directions. They share between 85 and 100% sequence identity depending on the Brucella species, biovar, or genotype. Only the omp2b gene copy has been shown to be expressed and genetic variation is extensively generated by gene conversion between the two copies. In this study, we analyzed the omp2 loci of the non-classical Brucella spp. Starting from two distinct ancestral genes, represented by Australian rodent strains and B. inopinata, a stepwise nucleotide reduction was observed in the omp2b gene copy. It consisted of a first reduction affecting the region encoding the surface L5 loop of the porin, previously shown to be critical in sugar permeability, followed by a nucleotide reduction in the surface L8 loop-encoding region. It resulted in a final omp2b gene size shared between two distinct clades of non-classical Brucella spp. (African bullfrog isolates) and the group of classical Brucella species. Further evolution led to complete homogenization of both omp2 gene copies in some Brucella species such as B. vulpis or B. papionis. The stepwise omp2b deletions seemed to be generated through recombination with the respective omp2a gene copy, presenting a conserved size among Brucella spp., and may involve short direct DNA repeats. Successive Omp2b porin alteration correlated with increasing porin permeability in the course of evolution of Brucella spp. They possibly have adapted their porin to survive environmental conditions encountered and to reach their final status as intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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57
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Allen AR, Milne G, Drees K, Presho E, Graham J, McAdam P, Jones K, Wright L, Skuce R, Whatmore AM, Graham J, Foster JT. Genomic epizootiology of a Brucella abortus outbreak in Northern Ireland (1997-2012). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104235. [PMID: 32035245 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent past (1997-2012), Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom suffered an outbreak of Brucella abortus, which at its height affected over 200 cattle herds. Initially, isolates were characterized using multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA). While informative in this setting, hyper-variability in some loci limited the resolution necessary to infer fine-scale disease transmission networks. Consequently, we applied whole-genome sequencing to isolates from this outbreak to evaluate higher resolution markers for disease epizootiology. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the B. abortus outbreak in Northern Ireland was caused by two distinct pathogen lineages. One contained isolates consistent with the 1997-2012 outbreak being linked to a previous endemic infection thought eradicated. The dominant second lineage exhibited little genetic diversity throughout the recrudescent outbreak, with limited population sub-structure evident. This finding was inconsistent with prior MLVA molecular characterizations that suggested the presence of seven clonal complexes. Spatio-temporal modeling revealed a significant association of pairwise SNP differences between isolates and geographic distances. However, effect sizes were very small due to reduced pathogen diversity. CONCLUSIONS Genome sequence data suggested that hyper-variability in some MLVA loci contributed to an overestimate of pathogen diversity in the most recent outbreak. The low diversity observed in our genomic dataset made it inappropriate to apply phylodynamic methods to these data. We conclude that maintaining data repositories of genome sequence data will be invaluable for source attribution/epizootiological inference should recrudescence ever re-occur. However genomic epizootiological methods may have limited utility in some settings, such as when applied to recrudescent/re-emergent infections of slowly-evolving bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Allen
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom..
| | - Georgina Milne
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Drees
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Rudman Hall, 46 College Road, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Eleanor Presho
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jordon Graham
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McAdam
- Fios Genomics, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri Jones
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Wright
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Skuce
- Agri Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Bacteriology Branch, Stoney Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Whatmore
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Graham
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Veterinary Service, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Rudman Hall, 46 College Road, Durham, NH, USA
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García Lobo JM, Ortiz Y, Gonzalez-Riancho C, Seoane A, Arellano-Reynoso B, Sangari FJ. Polymorphisms in Brucella Carbonic Anhydrase II Mediate CO 2 Dependence and Fitness in vivo. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2751. [PMID: 31921002 PMCID: PMC6915039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brucella isolates are known to require an increased concentration of CO2 for growth, especially in the case of primary cultures obtained directly from infected animals. Moreover, the different Brucella species and biovars show a characteristic pattern of CO2 requirement, and this trait has been included among the routine typing tests used for species and biovar differentiation. By comparing the differences in gene content among different CO2-dependent and CO2-independent Brucella strains, we have confirmed that carbonic anhydrase (CA) II is the enzyme responsible for this phenotype in all the Brucella strains tested. Brucella species contain two CAs of the β family, CA I and CA II; genetic polymorphisms exist for both of them in different isolates, but only those putatively affecting the activity of CA II correlate with the CO2 requirement of the corresponding isolate. Analysis of these polymorphisms does not allow the determination of CA I functionality, while the polymorphisms in CA II consist of small deletions that cause a frameshift that changes the C-terminus of the protein, probably affecting its dimerization status, essential for the activity. CO2-independent mutants arise easily in vitro, although with a low frequency ranging from 10–6 to 10–10 depending on the strain. These mutants carry compensatory mutations that produce a full-length CA II. At the same time, no change was observed in the sequence coding for CA I. A competitive index assay designed to evaluate the fitness of a CO2-dependent strain compared to its corresponding CO2-independent strain revealed that while there is no significant difference when the bacteria are grown in culture plates, growth in vivo in a mouse model of infection provides a significant advantage to the CO2-dependent strain. This could explain why some Brucella isolates are CO2 dependent in primary isolation. The polymorphism described here also allows the in silico determination of the CO2 requirement status of any Brucella strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M García Lobo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Yelina Ortiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Candela Gonzalez-Riancho
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Asunción Seoane
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología, Delegación Coyoacán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix J Sangari
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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59
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Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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60
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Dadar M, Alamian S, Behrozikhah AM, Yazdani F, Kalantari A, Etemadi A, Whatmore AM. Molecular identification of Brucella species and biovars associated with animal and human infection in Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:315-321. [PMID: 32206227 PMCID: PMC7065579 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.89680.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a costly contagious disease of human, domestic and wild animals. It is a serious health problem in Iran causing significant economic losses therefore, control approaches to prevent its spread are of great importance. In Iran, the species and biovars of virulent Brucella species are still under-reported due to the inadequate diagnostic protocols and insufficient laboratory facilities. The objective of this study was to characterize Brucella isolates obtained from passive animal and human surveillance in Iran from 2011 to 2018 in order to understand the current epidemiological situation of the disease. A total of 419 samples (milk, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, abomasum content and aborted fetus tissues) were collected from 65 cases/case series (human and animals) and examined bacteriologically. The initially identified Brucella isolates were further characterized using phenotypic and molecular approaches. All recovered isolates were either B. abortus or B. melitensis. The infection in sheep appeared to be exclusively associated with B. melitensis, but both B. abortus and B. melitensis were common in bovine samples. Samples from one sheep and one goat were confirmed to be infected by the B. melitensis vaccine strain Rev1. In spite of B. abortus burden in animals (14 cases in cattle and camel), brucellosis in human was predominantly associated with B. melitensis (15 cases). The results confirmed that B. melitensis biovar 1 and B. abortus biovar 3 remain the most prevalent biovars in Iran. This report builds a picture of the significance of different Brucella species in different hosts in Iran and provides applicable information for the healthcare professionals about the public health risks of brucellosis and relevant preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Saeed Alamian
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Ali Mohammad Behrozikhah
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Freshteh Yazdani
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Armin Kalantari
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Afshar Etemadi
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Adrian M. Whatmore
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Liu Y, Sun J, Peng X, Dong H, Qin Y, Shen Q, Jiang H, Xu G, Feng Y, Sun S, Ding J, Chen R. Deletion of the LuxR-type regulator VjbR in Brucella canis affects expression of type IV secretion system and bacterial virulence, and the mutant strain confers protection against Brucella canis challenge in mice. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103865. [PMID: 31715318 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens and zoonotic agents which pose a huge threat to human health and animal husbandry. The B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis cause undulant fever and influenza-like symptoms in humans. However, the effects of B. canis have not been extensively studied. The quorum sensing-dependent transcriptional regulator VjbR influences the Brucella virulence in smooth type Brucella strains, such as B. melitensis, B. abortus and rough type Brucella ovis. However, the function of VjbR in the rough-type B. canis is unknown. In the present study, we discovered that deletion of this regulator significantly affected Brucella virulence in macrophage and mice infection models. The expression levels of virB operon and the ftcR gene were significantly altered in the vjbR mutant strain. We further investigated the protective effect of different doses of the vjbR mutant in mice and the results indicated that VjbR conferred protection against the virulent B. canis strain. This study presents the first evidence that the transcriptional regulator VjbR has important function in B. canis. In addition, according to its reduced virulence and the protective immunity it induces in mice, it can be a potential live attenuated vaccine against B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China; Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Dong
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Qin
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shijing Sun
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruiai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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62
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Islam MS, Garofolo G, Sacchini L, Dainty AC, Khatun MM, Saha S, Islam MA. First isolation, identification and genetic characterization of Brucella abortus biovar 3 from dairy cattle in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:556-562. [PMID: 31452358 PMCID: PMC6868452 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Brucella spp. belonging to the genus Brucella. It is endemic in domesticated animals in Bangladesh. Isolation, identification and genetic characterization of Brucella spp. in dairy cattle are essential to undertake appropriate control and preventive measures. The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the Brucella spp. circulating in dairy cattle. METHODS Uterine discharge (n = 45), milk (n = 115), vaginal swab (n = 71), placenta (n = 7) and aborted fetus (n = 2) were collected. Brucella selective agar plates were inoculated with samples and incubated at 37 ◦ C for 14 days under 5% CO2 for isolation of Brucella spp. Brucella suspected colonies were recovered from samples were confirmed by genus and species specific PCR assays. Genetic characterization was performed by Multi Locus Variable number tandem-repeat Analysis-16 (MLVA-16). RESULTS The isolates of Brucella recovered from samples were confirmed as B. abortus by AMOS-ERY PCR assay. The classical biotyping method confirmed all 10 B. abortus isolates belonged to the biovar 3. The MLVA-16 assay indicated all B. abortus isolates identical and the same genotype 40, based on panel 1 MLVA-8. CONCLUSION Dendrogram analysis revealed all B. abortus isolates of the study were identical to three isolates from Brazil, one isolate of France and closely related to Chinese isolates. This is the first report of isolation and genetic characterization of B. abortus from the dairy cattle in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sadequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
- Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"TeramoItaly
| | - Lorena Sacchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"TeramoItaly
| | | | - Mst. Minara Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
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63
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Sacchini L, Wahab T, Di Giannatale E, Zilli K, Abass A, Garofolo G, Janowicz A. Whole Genome Sequencing for Tracing Geographical Origin of Imported Cases of Human Brucellosis in Sweden. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E398. [PMID: 31561594 PMCID: PMC6843523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with Brucella melitensis are occasionally reported in Sweden, despite the fact that the national flocks of sheep and goats are officially free from brucellosis. The aim of our study was to analyze 103 isolates of B. melitensis collected from patients in Sweden between 1994 and 2016 and determine their putative geographic origin using whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based tools. The majority of the strains were assigned to East Mediterranean and African lineages. Both in silico Multiple Loci VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) Analysis (MLVA) and core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analyses identified countries of the Middle East as the most probable source of origin of the majority of the strains. Isolates collected from patients with travel history to Iraq or Syria were often associated with genotypes from Turkey, as the cgMLST profiles from these countries clustered together. Sixty strains were located within a distance of 20 core genes to related genotypes from the publicly available database, and for eighteen isolates, the closest genotype was different by more than 50 loci. Our study showed that WGS based tools are effective in tracing back the geographic origin of infection of patients with unknown travel status, provided that public sequences from the location of the source are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sacchini
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Tara Wahab
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Katiuscia Zilli
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Anna Abass
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Anna Janowicz
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Avila-Granados LM, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Zambrano-Varon JL, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Brucellosis in Colombia: Current Status and Challenges in the Control of an Endemic Disease. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:321. [PMID: 31616678 PMCID: PMC6768962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis of nearly worldwide distribution. The disease is considered to be endemic in most of the developing countries with a substantial impact on both human and animal health as well as on the economy. The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the brucellosis status in Colombia and the factors associated with its persistence, to highlight the strengths and gaps of the adopted countermeasures and to supply evidence to policy-makers on the best approaches to mitigate the disease burden. Due to the presence of brucellosis in several susceptible production livestock systems scattered throughout the country, a plan for its control, prevention and eradication was established almost 20 years ago. However, despite extensive efforts, brucellosis prevalence has fluctuated over the years without any trend of decreasing. The restricted budget allocated for brucellosis control is a limiting factor for the success of the program. For instance, the absence of indemnities for farmers results in infected animals remaining on farms which potentially increases the risk of disease spread. Likewise, disease surveillance is restricted to Brucella abortus and excludes other Brucella species of importance, such as B. melitensis and B. suis. The countermeasures are mostly focused on cattle and only a few actions are in place for the management of brucellosis in other livestock species. In humans, cases of brucellosis are annually diagnosed, although the disease remains highly underreported. High impact educational and training programs are required to address the disease in a comprehensive manner, including vulnerable groups, such as traditional smallholders and low-productivity regions, as well as other stakeholders, such as healthcare and veterinary authorities. Important financial investments based on sustained cooperation between governmental institutions, industry, and farmers are important for developing affordable and effective strategies to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Avila-Granados
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jorge L Zambrano-Varon
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Shevtsova E, Vergnaud G, Shevtsov A, Shustov A, Berdimuratova K, Mukanov K, Syzdykov M, Kuznetsov A, Lukhnova L, Izbanova U, Filipenko M, Ramankulov Y. Genetic Diversity of Brucella melitensis in Kazakhstan in Relation to World-Wide Diversity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1897. [PMID: 31456793 PMCID: PMC6700508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the genetic diversity of 1327 Brucella strains from human patients in Kazakhstan using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). All strains were assigned to the Brucella melitensis East Mediterranean group and clustered into 16 MLVA11 genotypes, nine of which are reported for the first time. MLVA11 genotype 116 predominates (86.8%) and is present all over Kazakhstan indicating existence and temporary preservation of a “founder effect” among B. melitensis strains circulating in Central Eurasia. The diversity pattern observed in humans is highly similar to the pattern previously reported in animals. The diversity observed by MLVA suggested that the epidemiological status of brucellosis in Kazakhstan is the result of the introduction of a few lineages, which have subsequently diversified at the most unstable tandem repeat loci. This investigation will allow to select the most relevant strains for testing these hypotheses via whole genome sequencing and to subsequently adjust the genotyping scheme to the Kazakhstan epidemiological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Kasim Mukanov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Syzdykov
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Kuznetsov
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Larissa Lukhnova
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Uinkul Izbanova
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Synthetic Biology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yerlan Ramankulov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Yespembetov BA, Syrym NS, Zinina NN, Sarmykova MK, Konbayeva GM, Basybekov SZ, Mussayeva AK, Kanatbayev SG, Bazarbayev M, Siyabekov ST. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Brucella isolates from the Republic of Kazakhstan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2361-2370. [PMID: 31177470 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Brucella isolates from the Republic of Kazakhstan and to determine their biotype. The focus was laid on culture-morphological, biochemical, and biological properties of 59 Brucella isolates from primary cultures. Material was isolated from blood and tissue of serum-positive killed, dead diseased, or aborted domestic cattle from different regions of Kazakhstan where brucellosis is a common problem. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of all strains, isolated in different regions, has shown that Brucella isolates from the epizootic form two clusters. Based on the comparison with strains available in the MLVA database, B. abortus 0015/B is alike the B. abortus strains isolated from Italy and Portugal. B. melitensis 0016/B isolated from the Almaty region fits the third cluster and is alike the B. melitensis strains isolated from humans in Turkey, China, and Portugal. More than 90% of the overall B. abortus samples were isolated from the northern regions of the East and West Kazakhstan, while B. melitensis strains were registered in the southeast Kazakhstan. The most frequently recorded B. abortus biovar is biovar 3. The most frequently recorded B. melitensis biovars are biovars 1 and 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: These results contribute to a better understanding of the geographic pattern of Brucella infection in Kazakh cattle also important for developing the specific control measures. The results of current research can be used for creating a gene bank of Brucella strains circulating in Kazakhstan for producing diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The research material will be used to solve the problems of genetic characterization of Brucella species and to establish the phylogenetic relationships of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazym S Syrym
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysk, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nadezhda N Zinina
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysk, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marat Bazarbayev
- Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Guzmán-Verri C, Suárez-Esquivel M, Ruíz-Villalobos N, Zygmunt MS, Gonnet M, Campos E, Víquez-Ruiz E, Chacón-Díaz C, Aragón-Aranda B, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Blasco JM, Muñoz PM, Baker KS, Thomson NR, Cloeckaert A, Moreno E. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Canine Orchiepididymitis Smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 31231665 PMCID: PMC6568212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Brucella cluster in two phylogenetic groups: classical and non-classical species. The former group is composed of Brucella species that cause disease in mammals, including humans. A Brucella species, labeled as Brucella sp. BCCN84.3, was isolated from the testes of a Saint Bernard dog suffering orchiepididymitis, in Costa Rica. Following standard microbiological methods, the bacterium was first defined as “Brucella melitensis biovar 2.” Further molecular typing, identified the strain as an atypical “Brucella suis.” Distinctive Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 markers, absent in other Brucella species and strains, were revealed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis, high resolution melting PCR and omp25 and omp2a/omp2b gene diversity. Analysis of multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that this isolate was different from the currently described Brucella species. The smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 clusters together with the classical Brucella clade and displays all the genes required for virulence. Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 is a species nova taxonomical entity displaying pathogenicity; therefore, relevant for differential diagnoses in the context of brucellosis. Considering the debate on the Brucella species concept, there is a need to describe the extant taxonomical entities of these pathogens in order to understand the dispersion and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Nazareth Ruíz-Villalobos
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mathieu Gonnet
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elena Campos
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eunice Víquez-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kate S Baker
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Ledwaba MB, Gomo C, Lekota KE, Le Flèche P, Hassim A, Vergnaud G, van Heerden H. Molecular characterization of Brucella species from Zimbabwe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007311. [PMID: 31107864 PMCID: PMC6544324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been reported in several studies in animals in Zimbabwe but the extent of the disease remains poorly known. Thus, characterizing the circulating strains is a critical first step in understanding brucellosis in the country. In this study we used an array of molecular assays including AMOS-PCR, Bruce-ladder, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genome sequencing (WGS-SNP) to characterize Brucella isolates to the species, biovar, and individual strain level. Sixteen Brucella strains isolated in Zimbabwe at the Central Veterinary laboratory from various hosts were characterized using all or some of these assays. The strains were identified as B. ovis, B. abortus, B. canis and B. suis, with B. canis being the first report of this species in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean strains identified as B. suis and B. abortus were further characterized with whole genome sequencing and were closely related to reference strains 1330 and 86/8/59, respectively. We demonstrate the range of different tests that can be performed from simple assays that can be run in laboratories lacking sophisticated instrumentation to whole genome analyses that currently require substantial expertise and infrastructure often not available in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphuti Betty Ledwaba
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Calvin Gomo
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Harare, Zimbabwe
- Chinhoyi University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kgaugelo Edward Lekota
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Philippe Le Flèche
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ayesha Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Li XM, Kang YX, Lin L, Jia EH, Piao DR, Jiang H, Zhang CC, He J, Chang YF, Guo XK, Zhu Y. Genomic Characterization Provides New Insights for Detailed Phage- Resistant Mechanism for Brucella abortus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:917. [PMID: 31130926 PMCID: PMC6510165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the causative agent of cattle brucellosis, Brucella abortus commonly exhibits smooth phenotype (by virtue of colony morphology) that is characteristically sensitive to specific Brucella phages, playing until recently a major role in taxonomical classification of the Brucella species by the phage typing approach. We previously reported the discrepancy between traditional phenotypic typing and MLVA results of a smooth phage-resistant (SPR) strain Bab8416 isolated from a 45-year-old custodial worker with brucellosis in a cattle farm. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing and further obtained a complete genome sequence of strain Bab8416 by a combination of multiple NGS technologies and routine PCR sequencing. The detailed genetic differences between B. abortus SPR Bab8416 and large smooth phage-sensitive (SPS) strains were investigated in a comprehensively comparative genomic study. The large indels between B. abortus SPS strains and Bab8416 showed possible divergence between two evolutionary branches at a far phylogenetic node. Compared to B. abortus SPS strain 9-941 (Bab9-941), the specific re-arrangement event in Bab8416 displaying a closer linear relationship with B. melitensis 16M than other B. abortus strains resulted in the truncation of c-di-GMP synthesis, and 3 c-di-GMP-metabolizing genes, were present in Bab8416 and B. melitensis 16M, but absent in Bab9-941 and other B. abortus strains, indicating potential SPR-associated key determinants and novel molecular mechanisms. Moreover, despite almost completely intact smooth LPS related genes, only one mutated OmpA family protein of Bab8416, functionally related to flagellar and efflux pump, was newly identified. Several point mutations were identified to be Bab8416 specific while a majority of them were verified to be B. abortus ST2 characteristic. In conclusion, our study therefore identifies new SPR-associated factors that could play a role in refining and updating Brucella taxonomic schemes and provides resources for further detailed analysis of mechanism for Brucella phage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ming Li
- Stake Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Xia Kang
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, China
| | - En-Hou Jia
- Baotou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin He
- Stake Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Kui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YongZhang Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Phylogeography and epidemiology of Brucella suis biovar 2 in wildlife and domestic swine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:68-77. [PMID: 31176415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine brucellosis due to Brucella suis biovar 2 (bv2) is enzootic in wild boar and hare in continental Europe and may cause major economic losses to the pig industry, mainly in free-ranged pig farms. The high nucleotide identity found among the B. suis biovar 2 isolates has long hindered the full understanding of the epidemiology and the phylogeography of the disease. Here, we used multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to gain insights from the largest B. suis bv2 dataset analyzed so far composed of domestic pigs and wildlife isolates collected throughout Europe since the 1970s. We found four major clades with a specific phylogeographic pattern. The Iberian clade contains isolates exclusively from the Iberian Peninsula. The Central European clade includes most isolates from France, Northern Italy, Switzerland and an important proportion of those of Northern Spain. The Eastern European clade clustered isolates from Croatia and Hungary mainly but also from areas of France, Germany, Italy and Poland. Finally, a separated Sardinian clade grouped three isolates from this island. At fine scale, MLVA demonstrated an endemic status of the infection in Europe and it allowed tracking a large outbreak formed by different farms from Spain linked to the same infection source. The whole genome SNP analysis showed that the strains form genetically distinct clades, shared between wild boar and pigs, in agreement with the MLVA clades. Interestingly, all hare isolates clustered together within two groups composed exclusively of wildlife isolates. Our results support the hypothesis that maintenance and spread of B. suis bv2 in Europe is a dynamic process linked to the natural expansion of wild boar as the main wild reservoir of the infection, while spread over long distances is found largely dependent on anthropogenic activities.
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Abstract
Brucella canis infects dogs and humans. In dogs, it can cause reproductive failure; in humans, it can cause fever, chills, malaise, peripheral lymphadenomegaly, and splenomegaly. B. canis infection in dogs is underrecognized. After evaluating serologic data, transmission patterns, and regulations in the context of brucellosis in dogs as an underrecognized zoonosis, we concluded that brucellosis in dogs remains endemic to many parts of the world and will probably remain a threat to human health and animal welfare unless stronger intervention measures are implemented. A first step for limiting disease spread would be implementation of mandatory testing of dogs before interstate or international movement.
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De Massis F, Zilli K, Di Donato G, Nuvoloni R, Pelini S, Sacchini L, D’Alterio N, Di Giannatale E. Distribution of Brucella field strains isolated from livestock, wildlife populations, and humans in Italy from 2007 to 2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213689. [PMID: 30901346 PMCID: PMC6430384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major public health problem still prevalent as a neglected endemic zoonosis requiring proactive attention in many communities worldwide. The present study involved analysis of Brucella field strains submitted for typing to the Italian National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis from 2007 to 2015. Strains were identified at the species and biovar levels by classic and molecular techniques according to the World Organisation for Animal Health Manual. In total, 5,784 strains were typed: 3,089 Brucella abortus (53.4%), 2,497 B. melitensis (43.2%), 10 B. ovis (0.2%), 181 B. suis (3.1%), and 7 B. ceti (0.1%). The 2,981 strains from cattle were typed as B. abortus biovars 1, 3, and 6 (90.1%) and B. melitensis biovar 3 (9.9%). The 318 strains from water buffalo were typed as B. abortus biovars 1, 3 (95.9%) and B. melitensis biovar 3 (4.1%). The 2,279 strains from sheep and goats were typed as B. abortus biovars 1 and 3 (4.3%); B. melitensis biovars 1, 3, (95.3%); and B. ovis (0.4%). The 173 strains from wild boar were typed as B. suis biovar 2 (98.3%) and B. melitensis biovar 3 (1.7%). The 11 strains from pigs were typed as B. suis biovar 2. The 13 strains from humans were typed as B. melitensis biovar 3. The two strains from horses were typed as B. abortus biovar 1, while the seven strains from dolphins were typed as B. ceti. This additional knowledge on the epidemiology of brucellosis in Italy may be useful to formulate policies and strategies for the control and eradication of the disease in animal populations. The animal species affected, biovars typed, geographical origins, and spatial distributions of isolates are herein analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Massis
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Zilli
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Pelini
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lorena Sacchini
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola D’Alterio
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale,’ Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
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Hensel ME, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Chaki SP, Samuel J, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Characterization of an intratracheal aerosol challenge model of Brucella melitensis in guinea pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212457. [PMID: 30835758 PMCID: PMC6400394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B. melitensis is considered the most virulent of the Brucella species, and a need exists for an improved laboratory animal model of infection that mimics natural transmission and disease. Guinea pigs are highly susceptible to infection with Brucella spp. and develop a disease syndrome that mimics natural disease after aerosol inoculation. Intratracheal inoculation is a targeted means of generating aerosols that offer advantages over aerosol chamber delivery. To establish this delivery method, female, Hartley guinea pigs were infected via intratracheal inoculation with PBS or 16M B. melitensis at low dose (101 to 103) or high dose (106 to 108) and monitored for 30 days for signs of disease. Guinea pigs in the high dose groups developed fever between 12-17 days post-inoculation. Bacteria were recovered from the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, lung, and uterus at 30-days post-inoculation and demonstrated dose dependent mean increases in colonization and pathologic changes consistent with human brucellosis. To study the kinetics of extrapulmonary dissemination, guinea pigs were inoculated with 107 CFU and euthanized at 2-hours post inoculation and at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. 5.8x105 to 4.2x106 CFU were recovered from the lung 2 hours post-inoculation indicating intratracheal inoculation is an efficient means of infecting guinea pigs. Starting at 1-week post inoculation bacteria were recovered from the aforementioned organs with time dependent mean increases in colonization. This data demonstrates that guinea pigs develop a disease syndrome that models the human manifestation of brucellosis, which makes the guinea pig a valuable model for pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Hensel
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sankar P. Chaki
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - James Samuel
- Texas A&M University, Health Science Center and College of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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74
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Sankarasubramanian J, Vishnu US, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Development and evaluation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme for Brucella spp. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 67:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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75
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Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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76
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Jaý M, Girault G, Perrot L, Taunay B, Vuilmet T, Rossignol F, Pitel PH, Picard E, Ponsart C, Mick V. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Brucella microti-Like Bacteria From a Domestic Marsh Frog ( Pelophylax ridibundus). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:283. [PMID: 30498697 PMCID: PMC6249338 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Brucella isolates have been described in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents and identified as B. inopinata-like strains. On the basis of epidemiological investigations conducted in June 2017 in France in a farm producing domestic frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) for human consumption of frog's legs, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from adults showing lesions (joint and subcutaneous abscesses). The bacteria were initially misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi using a commercial identification system, prior to being identified as Brucella spp. by MALDI-TOF assay. Classical phenotypic identification confirmed the Brucella genus, but did not make it possible to conclude unequivocally on species determination. Conventional and innovative bacteriological and molecular methods concluded that the investigated strain was very close to B. microti species, and not B. inopinata-like strains, as expected. The methods included growth kinetic, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, RT-PCR, Bruce-Ladder, Suis-Ladder, RFLP-PCR, AMOS-ERY, MLVA-16, the ectoine system, 16S rRNA and recA sequence analyses, the LPS pattern, in silico MLST-21, comparative whole-genome analyses (including average nucleotide identity ANI and whole-genome SNP analysis) and HRM-PCR assays. Minor polyphasic discrepancies, especially phage lysis and A-dominant agglutination patterns, as well as, small molecular divergences suggest the investigated strain should be considered a B. microti-like strain, raising concerns about its environmental persistence and unknown animal pathogenic and zoonotic potential as for other B. microti strains described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Jaý
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Taunay
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Vuilmet
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Claire Ponsart
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
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77
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Hensel ME, Arenas-Gamboa AM. A Neglected Animal Model for a Neglected Disease: Guinea Pigs and the Search for an Improved Animal Model for Human Brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2593. [PMID: 30429834 PMCID: PMC6220108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by species of the Brucella genus and affects a wide variety of domestic and wildlife species and is also an important zoonosis. The global burden of disease is difficult to assess but Brucella spp. have a worldwide distribution and are endemic in the Middle East, Africa, South America, and Asia. The clinical signs of fever and malaise are non-specific, and the available serological diagnostic tests lack a high degree specificity in endemic regions compared to other important public health diseases such as malaria. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of brucellosis through discoveries in animal models could lead to improved diagnostics and potentially a vaccine for human use. Mouse models have played an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis but do not replicate key features of the disease such as fever. Guinea pigs were instrumental in exploring the pathogenesis of brucellosis in the early nineteenth century and could offer an improvement on the mouse model as a model for human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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78
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A MALDI-TOF MS database with broad genus coverage for species-level identification of Brucella. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006874. [PMID: 30335748 PMCID: PMC6207331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella are highly infectious bacterial pathogens responsible for a severely debilitating zoonosis called brucellosis. Half of the human population worldwide is considered to live at risk of exposure, mostly in the poorest rural areas of the world. Prompt diagnosis of brucellosis is essential to prevent complications and to control epidemiology outbreaks, but identification of Brucella isolates may be hampered by the lack of rapid and cost-effective methods. Nowadays, many clinical microbiology laboratories use Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time Of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for routine identification. However, lack of reference spectra in the currently commercialized databases does not allow the identification of Brucella isolates. In this work, we constructed a Brucella MALDI-TOF MS reference database using VITEK MS. We generated 590 spectra from 84 different strains (including rare or atypical isolates) to cover this bacterial genus. We then applied a novel biomathematical approach to discriminate different species. This allowed accurate identification of Brucella isolates at the genus level with no misidentifications, in particular as the closely related and less pathogenic Ochrobactrum genus. The main zoonotic species (B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis) could also be identified at the species level with an accuracy of 100%, 92.9% and 100%, respectively. This MALDI-TOF reference database will be the first Brucella database validated for diagnostic and accessible to all VITEK MS users in routine. This will improve the diagnosis and control of brucellosis by allowing a rapid identification of these pathogens. Brucella are bacteria that mainly infect animals. They can also be transmitted to humans and cause a serious disease called brucellosis. Half the world's population is considered exposed, especially in the poorest rural areas. Experts agree that prompt identification of Brucella isolates is essential to provide appropriate treatment to patients and to control epidemiological outbreaks. Mis-identification of these highly infectious pathogens may lead to delays in diagnosis, but also to increased risks of accidental exposure for laboratory workers. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is now the first line of bacterial identification in many routine diagnostic laboratories. However, not all clinical mass spectrometers can identify Brucella. In this work, we updated a database with Brucella spectra to improve the performance of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers. These instruments will now be able to identify accurately Brucella isolates. This will greatly improve the diagnosis of brucellosis.
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79
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Jolley KA, Bray JE, Maiden MCJ. Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:124. [PMID: 30345391 PMCID: PMC6192448 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14826.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1477] [Impact Index Per Article: 246.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The
PubMLST.org website hosts a collection of open-access, curated databases that integrate population sequence data with provenance and phenotype information for over 100 different microbial species and genera. Although the PubMLST website was conceived as part of the development of the first multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme in 1998 the software it uses, the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence database (BIGSdb, published in 2010), enables PubMLST to include all levels of sequence data, from single gene sequences up to and including complete, finished genomes. Here we describe developments in the BIGSdb software made from publication to June 2018 and show how the platform realises microbial population genomics for a wide range of applications. The system is based on the gene-by-gene analysis of microbial genomes, with each deposited sequence annotated and curated to identify the genes present and systematically catalogue their variation. Originally intended as a means of characterising isolates with typing schemes, the synthesis of sequences and records of genetic variation with provenance and phenotype data permits highly scalable (whole genome sequence data for tens of thousands of isolates) means of addressing a wide range of functional questions, including: the prediction of antimicrobial resistance; likely cross-reactivity with vaccine antigens; and the functional activities of different variants that lead to key phenotypes. There are no limitations to the number of sequences, genetic loci, allelic variants or schemes (combinations of loci) that can be included, enabling each database to represent an expanding catalogue of the genetic variation of the population in question. In addition to providing web-accessible analyses and links to third-party analysis and visualisation tools, the BIGSdb software includes a RESTful application programming interface (API) that enables access to all the underlying data for third-party applications and data analysis pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
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80
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Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis in the Epidemiology of Brucella melitensis Infections. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.00517-18. [PMID: 29925641 PMCID: PMC6113479 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00517-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become a widely accepted method for microbiology laboratories in the application of molecular typing for outbreak tracing and genomic epidemiology. Several studies demonstrated the usefulness of WGS data analysis through single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling from a reference sequence analysis for Brucella melitensis, whereas gene-by-gene comparison through core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) has not been explored so far. The current study developed an allele-based cgMLST method and compared its performance to that of the genome-wide SNP approach and the traditional multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) on a defined sample collection. The data set was comprised of 37 epidemiologically linked animal cases of brucellosis as well as 71 isolates with unknown epidemiological status, composed of human and animal samples collected in Italy. The cgMLST scheme generated in this study contained 2,704 targets of the B. melitensis 16M reference genome. We established the potential criteria necessary for inclusion of an isolate into a brucellosis outbreak cluster to be ≤6 loci in the cgMLST and ≤7 in WGS SNP analysis. Higher phylogenetic distance resolution was achieved with cgMLST and SNP analysis than with MLVA, particularly for strains belonging to the same lineage, thereby allowing diverse and unrelated genotypes to be identified with greater confidence. The application of a cgMLST scheme to the characterization of B. melitensis strains provided insights into the epidemiology of this pathogen, and it is a candidate to be a benchmark tool for outbreak investigations in human and animal brucellosis.
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81
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Lazarevic V, Gaïa N, Girard M, Leo S, Cherkaoui A, Renzi G, Emonet S, Jamme S, Ruppé E, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C, Schrenzel J. When Bacterial Culture Fails, Metagenomics Can Help: A Case of Chronic Hepatic Brucelloma Assessed by Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1566. [PMID: 30065706 PMCID: PMC6056729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we sequenced DNA extracted from a necrotic hepatic lesion from a patient with suspected chronic hepatic brucelloma but negative culture results. Although most of the taxonomically classified sequencing reads corresponded to human genome sequences, our data suggest that whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing may be used together with other tests to strengthen the diagnosis of hepatic brucelloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Leo
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalam Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Emonet
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Jamme
- Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vergnaud G, Hauck Y, Christiany D, Daoud B, Pourcel C, Jacques I, Cloeckaert A, Zygmunt MS. Genotypic Expansion Within the Population Structure of Classical Brucella Species Revealed by MLVA16 Typing of 1404 Brucella Isolates From Different Animal and Geographic Origins, 1974-2006. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30050522 PMCID: PMC6052141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the usefulness of MLVA16 as a rapid molecular identification and classification method for Brucella species and biovars including recently described novel Brucella species from wildlife. Most studies were conducted on a limited number of strains from limited geographic/host origins. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity of Brucella spp. by MLVA16 on a larger scale. Thus, 1404 animal or human isolates collected from all parts of the world over a period of 32 years (1974-2006) were investigated. Selection of the 1404 strains was done among the approximately 4000 strains collection of the BCCN (Brucella Culture Collection Nouzilly), based on classical biotyping and on the animal/human/geographic origin over the time period considered. MLVA16 was performed on extracted DNAs using high throughput capillary electrophoresis. The 16 loci were amplified in four multiplex PCR reactions. This large scale study firstly confirmed the accuracy of MLVA16 typing for Brucella species and biovar identification and its congruence with the recently described Extended Multilocus Sequence Analysis. In addition, it allowed identifying novel MLVA11 (based upon 11 slowly evolving VNTRs) genotypes representing an increase of 15% relative to the previously known Brucella MLVA11 genotypes. Cluster analysis showed that among the MLVA16 genotypes some were genetically more distant from the major classical clades. For example new major clusters of B. abortus biovar 3 isolated from cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa were identified. For other classical species and biovars this study indicated also genotypic expansion within the population structure of classical Brucella species. MLVA proves to be a powerful tool to rapidly assess genetic diversity of bacterial populations on a large scale, as here on a large collection of strains of the genomically homogeneous genus Brucella. The highly discriminatory power of MLVA appears of particular interest as a first step for selection of Brucella strains for whole-genome sequencing. The MLVA data of this study were added to the public Brucella MLVA database at http://microbesgenotyping.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr. Current version Brucella_4_3 comprises typing data from more than 5000 strains including in silico data analysis of public whole genome sequence datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yolande Hauck
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Christiany
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Daoud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Pourcel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France.,IUT de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
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83
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Foster G, Nymo IH, Kovacs KM, Beckmen KB, Brownlow AC, Baily JL, Dagleish MP, Muchowski J, Perrett LL, Tryland M, Lydersen C, Godfroid J, McGovern B, Whatmore AM. First isolation of Brucella pinnipedialis and detection of Brucella antibodies from bearded seals Erignathus barbatus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:13-20. [PMID: 29565250 DOI: 10.3354/dao03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucella species infecting marine mammals was first reported in 1994 and in the years since has been documented in various species of pinnipeds and cetaceans. While these reports have included species that inhabit Arctic waters, the few available studies on bearded seals Erignathus barbatus have failed to detect Brucella infection to date. We report the first isolation of Brucella pinnipedialis from a bearded seal. The isolate was recovered from the mesenteric lymph node of a bearded seal that stranded in Scotland and typed as ST24, a sequence type associated typically with pinnipeds. Furthermore, serological studies of free-ranging bearded seals in their native waters detected antibodies to Brucella in seals from the Chukchi Sea (1990-2011; 19%) and Svalbard (1995-2007; 8%), whereas no antibodies were detected in bearded seals from the Bering Sea or Bering Strait or from captive bearded seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Foster
- SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK
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84
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Foster JT, Walker FM, Rannals BD, Hussain MH, Drees KP, Tiller RV, Hoffmaster AR, Al-Rawahi A, Keim P, Saqib M. African Lineage Brucella melitensis Isolates from Omani Livestock. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2702. [PMID: 29379492 PMCID: PMC5775276 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a common livestock disease in the Middle East and North Africa, but remains poorly described in the region both genetically and epidemiologically. Traditionally found in goats and sheep, Brucella melitensis is increasingly recognized as infecting camels. Most studies of brucellosis in camels to date have focused on serological surveys, providing only limited understanding of the molecular epidemiology of circulating strains. We genotyped B. melitensis isolates from Omani camels using whole genome SNP assays and VNTRs to provide context for regional brucellosis cases. We identified a lineage of B. melitensis circulating in camels as well as in goats, sheep, and cattle in Oman. This lineage is genetically distinct from most genotypes from the Arabian Peninsula and from isolates from much of the rest of the Middle East. We then developed diagnostic assays that rapidly identify strains from this lineage. In analyses of genotypes from throughout the region, Omani isolates were genetically most closely related to strains from brucellosis cases in humans and livestock in North Africa. Our findings suggest an African origin for B. melitensis in Oman that has likely occurred through the trade of infected livestock. Moreover, African lineages of B. melitensis appear to be undersampled and consequently are underrepresented in genetic databases for Brucella. As we begin to more fully understand global genomic diversity of B. melitensis, finding and characterizing these unique but widespread lineages is essential. We predict that increased sampling of humans and livestock in Africa will reveal little known diversity in this important zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Foster
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Faith M Walker
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Brandy D Rannals
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - M Hammad Hussain
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Animal Health Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kevin P Drees
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Rebekah V Tiller
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alex R Hoffmaster
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Paul Keim
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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85
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Sun M, Jing Z, Di D, Yan H, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Ni B, Sun X, Yan C, Yang Z, Tian L, Li J, Fan W. Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Brucella Typing Reveals Multiple Lineages in Brucella melitensis Currently Endemic in China. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:215. [PMID: 29312964 PMCID: PMC5735110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In China, brucellosis is recognized as a reemerging disease mainly caused by Brucella melitensis specie. To better understand the currently endemic B. melitensis strains in China, three Brucella genotyping methods were applied to 110 B. melitensis strains obtained in past several years. By MLVA genotyping, five MLVA-8 genotypes were identified, among which genotypes 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) was recognized as the predominant genotype, while genotype 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2) and a novel genotype of 1-5-3-13-2-4-3-2 were second frequently observed. MLVA-16 discerned a total of 57 MLVA-16 genotypes among these Brucella strains, with 41 genotypes being firstly detected and the other 16 genotypes being previously reported. By BruMLSA21 typing, six sequence types (STs) were identified, among them ST8 is the most frequently seen in China while the other five STs were firstly detected and designated as ST137, ST138, ST139, ST140, and ST141 by international multilocus sequence typing database. Whole-genome sequence (WGS)-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing and phylogenetic analysis resolved Chinese B. melitensis strains into five clusters, reflecting the existence of multiple lineages among these Chinese B. melitensis strains. In phylogeny, Chinese lineages are more closely related to strains collected from East Mediterranean and Middle East countries, such as Turkey, Kuwait, and Iraq. In the next few years, MLVA typing will certainly remain an important epidemiological tool for Brucella infection analysis, as it displays a high discriminatory ability and achieves result largely in agreement with WGS-SNP-based typing. However, WGS-SNP-based typing is found to be the most powerful and reliable method in discerning Brucella strains and will be popular used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Jing
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Exotic Disease, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Department of Animal Disease Epidemiological Investigation, Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengxu Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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86
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Khames M, Mick V, de Miguel MJ, Girault G, Conde-Álvarez R, Khelef D, Oumouna M, Moriyón I, Muñoz PM, Zúñiga-Ripa A. The characterization of Brucella strains isolated from cattle in Algeria reveals the existence of a B. abortus lineage distinct from European and Sub-Saharan Africa strains. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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87
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Whatmore AM, Dawson C, Muchowski J, Perrett LL, Stubberfield E, Koylass M, Foster G, Davison NJ, Quance C, Sidor IF, Field CL, St. Leger J. Characterisation of North American Brucella isolates from marine mammals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184758. [PMID: 28934239 PMCID: PMC5608248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of known ecological niches of Brucella has included the description of two novel species from marine mammals. Brucella pinnipedialis is associated predominantly with seals, while two major Brucella ceti clades, most commonly associated with porpoises or dolphins respectively, have been identified. To date there has been limited characterisation of Brucella isolates obtained from marine mammals outside Northern European waters, including North American waters. To address this gap, and extend knowledge of the global population structure and host associations of these Brucella species, 61 isolates from marine mammals inhabiting North American waters were subject to molecular and phenotypic characterisation enabling comparison with existing European isolates. The majority of isolates represent genotypes previously described in Europe although novel genotypes were identified in both B. ceti clades. Harp seals were found to carry B. pinnipedialis genotypes previously confined to hooded seals among a diverse repertoire of sequence types (STs) associated with this species. For the first time Brucella isolates were characterised from beluga whales and found to represent a number of distinct B. pinnipedialis genotypes. In addition the known host range of ST27 was extended with the identification of this ST from California sea lion samples. Finally the performance of the frequently used diagnostic tool Bruce-ladder, in differentiating B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis, was critically assessed based on improved knowledge of the global population structure of Brucella associated with marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Dawson
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Muchowski
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine L. Perrett
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stubberfield
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Koylass
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Foster
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA-APHIS, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Inga F. Sidor
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Field
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Judy St. Leger
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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88
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Liu Y, Lai Q, Shao Z. A Multilocus Sequence Analysis Scheme for Phylogeny of Thioclava Bacteria and Proposal of Two Novel Species. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1321. [PMID: 28751885 PMCID: PMC5508018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was established and performed on the genus Thioclava, including 23 strains isolated from diverse marine environments, with the aim of better differentiation of strains and species within this genus. The study was based on sequences of 16S rRNA gene and five protein-coding housekeeping genes, gyrB, rpoD, dnaK, trpB, and recA. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene-based tree that was unable to separate some species within this genus, each tree based on a single housekeeping gene and MLSA had consistently defined seven clades, corresponding to the five established ones and two novel ones. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analyses based on genome sequences of the representative strains reconfirmed the validity of the MLSA analysis, and recommended a 97.3% MLSA similarity as the soft species threshold and nine species representing the five known and four putative novel species. Two of the four new species were identified as Thioclava sediminum sp. nov. (type strain TAW-CT134T = MCCC 1A10143T = LMG 29615T) and Thioclava marinus sp. nov. (type strain 11.10-0-13T = MCCC 1A03502T = LMG 29618T) by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Taken together, the newly established MLSA in this study first described the variability and phylogeny of the genus Thioclava which contributes to better understanding its ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian ProvinceXiamen, China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian ProvinceXiamen, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian ProvinceXiamen, China
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89
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Sanogo M, Fretin D, Thys E, Saegerman C. Exploring the Diversity of Field Strains of Brucella abortus Biovar 3 Isolated in West Africa. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1232. [PMID: 28713359 PMCID: PMC5491933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world, affecting both humans and domestic and wild animals. Identification and biotyping of field strains of Brucella are of key importance for a better knowledge of the epidemiology of brucellosis, for identifying appropriate antigens, for managing disease outbreaks and for setting up efficient preventive and control programmes. Such data are required both at national and regional level to assess potential threats for public health. Highly discriminative genotyping methods such as the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) allow the comparison and assessment of genetic relatedness between field strains of Brucella within the same geographical area. In this study, MLVA biotyping data retrieved from the literature using a systematic review were compared using a clustering analysis and the Hunter-Gaston diversity index (HGDI). Thus, the analysis of the 42 MLVA genotyping results found in the literature on West Africa [i.e., from Ivory Coast (1), Niger (1), Nigeria (34), The Gambia (3), and Togo (3)] did not allow a complete assessment of the actual diversity among field strains of Brucella. However, it provided some preliminary indications on the co-existence of 25 distinct genotypes of Brucella abortus biovar 3 in this region with 19 genotypes from Nigeria, three from Togo and one from Ivory Coast, The Gambia, and Niger. The strong and urgent need for more sustainable molecular data on prevailing strains of Brucella in this sub-region of Africa and also on all susceptible species including humans is therefore highlighted. This remains a necessary stage to allow a comprehensive understanding of the relatedness between field strains of Brucella and the epidemiology of brucellosis within West Africa countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Sanogo
- Central Veterinary Laboratory of Bingerville, LANADABingerville, Ivory Coast
| | - David Fretin
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Veterinary and Agro-chemical Research CentreBrussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Thys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Center, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
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