51
|
Kortekaas K, Kotrschal K. Does socio-ecology drive differences in alertness between wolves and dogs when resting? Behav Processes 2019; 166:103877. [PMID: 31153928 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Variation in resting behaviour across animals may be driven by adaptations towards their environment. Wolves and dogs seem promising models to examine this idea as they share a common ancestor, but occupy different socio-ecological niches. While wolves generally avoid humans, hunt, defend their territory, and raise offspring cooperatively, most dogs live in human-shaped environments. Hence, we hypothesized wolves to be more alert towards their environment than dogs, i.e. the degree of activation along the sleep-wake continuum (alertness) should be greater in wolves than in dogs. We estimated alertness via cardiac output. We tested similarly raised and kept pack-living wolves and dogs in two different behavioural conditions: (1) inactive wakefulness: animal is lying, head in an upward position with eyes opened, (2) resting: animal is lying, head in downward position with eyes mainly closed. In contrast to our expectations, we found that in both conditions wolves had a lower heart rate and higher heart rate variability than dogs, i.e. wolves might be less alert/more relaxed than dogs. Although our results are preliminary, we suggest that the higher alertness of dogs compared to wolves is potentially driven by differences in their socio-ecology (i.e. domestication) causing greater attention of dogs to human behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kortekaas
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Wolf Science Center, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kurt Kotrschal
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Wolf Science Center, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Konrad Lorenz Research Station, Core Facility University of Vienna, Fischerau 11, 4645, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Grimaldi D, Goldstein MR, Carter JR. Insomnia and cardiovascular autonomic control. Auton Neurosci 2019; 220:102551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
53
|
Shimmura M, Uehara T, Ogata K, Shigeto H, Maeda T, Sakata A, Yamasaki R, Kira JI. Higher postictal parasympathetic activity following greater ictal heart rate increase in right- than left-sided seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:161-168. [PMID: 31252273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine how hemispheric laterality of seizure activity influences periictal heart rate variability (HRV) and investigate the ability of HRV parameters to discriminate right- and left-sided seizures. METHODS Long-term video electroencephalogram-electrocardiogram recordings of 54 focal seizures in 25 patients with focal epilepsy were reviewed. Using linear mixed models, we examined the effect of seizure laterality on linear (standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDNN], root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD], low frequency [LF] and high frequency [HF] power of HRV, and LF/HF) and nonlinear (standard deviation [SD]1, SD2, and SD2/SD1 derived from Poincaré plots) periictal HRV parameters, the magnitude of heart rate (HR) changes, and the onset time of increased HR. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to determine the ability of these parameters to discriminate between right- and left-sided seizures. RESULTS Postictal SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, SD1, and SD2 were higher in right- than left-sided seizures. Root mean square of successive difference and HF were decreased after left- but not right-sided seizures. Standard deviation of R-R intervals, LF, and SD1 were increased after right- but not left-sided seizures. Increased ictal HR was earlier and larger in right- than left-sided seizures. Postictal HF showed the greatest area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.87) for discriminating right- and left-sided seizures. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that postictal parasympathetic activity is higher, whereas ictal HR increase is greater, in right- than left-sided seizures. Involvement of the right hemisphere may be associated with postictal autonomic instability. Postictal HRV parameters may provide useful information on hemispheric laterality of seizure activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Shimmura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taira Uehara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ogata
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maeda
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sakata
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Nakayama N, Miyachi M, Tamakoshi K, Negi K, Watanabe K, Hirai M. Increased Activity in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increases Heart Rate Variability. West J Nurs Res 2019; 42:431-436. [PMID: 31328670 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919864700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of increased physical activity on high-frequency (HF) heart rate variability (HRV) during the first hour after sleep onset in patients with hypertension and/or stable angina pectoris. Physical activity and HF were measured using activity monitors and 24-hour Holter monitors at baseline and 6 months later. The physical activity increased in 28 patients (increase group) and decreased in 20 patients (decrease group) after 6 months. In this study, after 6 months, compared to the decreased physical activity group, the increased physical activity group showed a significant increase in the HF index during the first hour after sleep onset. Therefore, the increase in the HF index may have been due to the increase in physical activity. An increase in physical activity suggests that the quality of sleep early in the sleep cycle may be improved, which may affect the patient's prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Nakayama
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Tamakoshi
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Hirai
- Department of Nursing, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chouchou F, Mauguière F, Vallayer O, Catenoix H, Isnard J, Montavont A, Jung J, Pichot V, Rheims S, Mazzola L. How the insula speaks to the heart: Cardiac responses to insular stimulation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2611-2622. [PMID: 30815964 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies suggesting the role of insular cortex in the control of autonomic activity, the exact location of cardiac motor regions remains controversial. We provide here a functional mapping of autonomic cardiac responses to intracortical stimulations of the human insula. The cardiac effects of 100 insular electrical stimulations into 47 epileptic patients were divided into tachycardia, bradycardia, and no cardiac response according to the magnitude of RR interval (RRI) reactivity. Sympathetic (low frequency, LF, and low to high frequency powers ratio, LF/HF ratio) and parasympathetic (high frequency power, HF) reactivity were studied using RRI analysis. Bradycardia was induced by 26 stimulations (26%) and tachycardia by 21 stimulations (21%). Right and left insular stimulations induced as often a bradycardia as a tachycardia. Tachycardia was accompanied by an increase in LF/HF ratio, suggesting an increase in sympathetic tone; while bradycardia seemed accompanied by an increase of parasympathetic tone reflected by an increase in HF. There was some left/right asymmetry in insular subregions where increased or decreased heart rates were produced after stimulation. However, spatial distribution of tachycardia responses predominated in the posterior insula, whereas bradycardia sites were more anterior in the median part of the insula. These findings seemed to indicate a posterior predominance of sympathetic control in the insula, whichever the side; whereas the parasympathetic control seemed more anterior. Dysfunction of these regions should be considered when modifications of cardiac activity occur during epileptic seizures and in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - François Mauguière
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ophélie Vallayer
- Neurology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Isnard
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Montavont
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pichot
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Mazzola
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Neurology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Alexeenko V, Fraser JA, Dolgoborodov A, Bowen M, Huang CLH, Marr CM, Jeevaratnam K. The application of Lempel-Ziv and Titchener complexity analysis for equine telemetric electrocardiographic recordings. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2619. [PMID: 30796330 PMCID: PMC6385502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of equine electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings is complicated by the absence of agreed abnormality classification criteria. We explore the applicability of several complexity analysis methods for characterization of non-linear aspects of electrocardiographic recordings. We here show that complexity estimates provided by Lempel-Ziv ’76, Titchener’s T-complexity and Lempel-Ziv ’78 analysis of ECG recordings of healthy Thoroughbred horses are highly dependent on the duration of analysed ECG fragments and the heart rate. The results provide a methodological basis and a feasible reference point for the complexity analysis of equine telemetric ECG recordings that might be applied to automate detection of equine arrhythmias in equine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Alexeenko
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom.,Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - James A Fraser
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Bowen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.,Division of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Celia M Marr
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Exning, CB8 7NN, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom. .,Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Gorlova S, Ichiba T, Nishimaru H, Takamura Y, Matsumoto J, Hori E, Nagashima Y, Tatsuse T, Ono T, Nishijo H. Non-restorative Sleep Caused by Autonomic and Electroencephalography Parameter Dysfunction Leads to Subjective Fatigue at Wake Time in Shift Workers. Front Neurol 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30804882 PMCID: PMC6370690 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological state that plays important role in the recovery of fatigue. However, the relationship between the physiological status of sleep and subjective fatigue remains unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that the non-recovery of fatigue at wake time due to non-restorative sleep might be ascribed to changes in specific parameters of electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) in poor sleepers. Twenty healthy female shift-working nurses participated in the study. Subjective fatigue was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at bedtime and wake time. During sleep on the night between 2 consecutive day shifts, the EEG powers at the frontal pole, HRV based on electrocardiograms, and distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that the subjects with high fatigue on the VAS at wake time exhibited (1) a decrease in deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (stageN3) sleep duration in the first sleep cycle; (2) a decrease in REM latency; (3) a decrease in ultra-slow and delta EEG powers, particularly from 30 to 65 min after sleep onset; (4) a decrease in the total power of HRV, particularly from 0 to 30 min after sleep onset; (5) an increase in the very low frequency component of HRV; and (6) a smaller increase in the distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature, than those of the subjects with low fatigue levels. The correlational and structural equation modeling analyses of these parameters suggested that an initial decrease in the total power of HRV from 0 to 30 min after sleep onset might inhibit the recovery from fatigue during sleep (i.e., increase the VAS score at wake time) via its effects on the ultra-slow and delta powers from 30 to 65 min after sleep onset, stageN3 duration in the first sleep cycle, REM latency, and distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature. These findings suggest an important role of these physiological factors in recovery from fatigue during sleep, and that interventions to modify these physiological factors might ameliorate fatigue at wake time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Gorlova
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Tatsuse
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Stoakley EM, Mathewson KJ, Schmidt LA, Cote KA. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen J. Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly A. Cote
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Montesinos L, Castaldo R, Cappuccio FP, Pecchia L. Day-to-day variations in sleep quality affect standing balance in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17504. [PMID: 30504839 PMCID: PMC6269497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute sleep deprivation is known to affect human balance and posture control. However, the effects of variations in sleep quality and pattern over consecutive days have received less attention. This study investigated the associations between day-to-day variations in sleep quality and standing balance in healthy subjects. Twenty volunteers (12 females and 8 males; age: 28.8 ± 5.7 years, body mass index: 23.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2, resting heart rate: 63.1 ± 8.7 bpm) with no history of sleep disorders or balance impairments participated in the study. Sleep and balance were assessed over two consecutive days. Sleep quality variations were assessed using sleep diary, actigraphy and heart rate variability (HRV) measures. Sleep was monitored at home, using an unobtrusive wearable device. Balance was assessed in a gait lab using foot centre of pressure (COP) displacement during quiet standing. Subjects with a day-to-day deterioration in sleep quantity and quality (i.e., decreased duration and increased fragmentation, increased nocturnal activity and decreased HRV) exhibited significant changes in balance (i.e., larger COP area, amplitude and standard deviation). Conversely, subjects with no significant alterations in sleep quantity and quality showed no significant changes in COP displacements. These results confirmed our hypothesis that changes in sleep quality and pattern over consecutive days may affect balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Montesinos
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rossana Castaldo
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Pecchia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Chen H, Lv K, Ji G, Liu Z, Guo J, Wan Y, Wang L, Li Z, Li Y, Qu L. Characterization of sleep-wake patterns in crew members under a short-duration spaceflight. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1533730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of health technology research and development, Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of health technology research and development, Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of health technology research and development, Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Parasomnia versus epilepsy: An affair of the heart? Neurophysiol Clin 2018; 48:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
62
|
Malik J, Lo YL, Wu HT. Sleep-wake classification via quantifying heart rate variability by convolutional neural network. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:085004. [PMID: 30043757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aad5a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluctuations in heart rate are intimately related to changes in the physiological state of the organism. We exploit this relationship by classifying a human participant's wake/sleep status using his instantaneous heart rate (IHR) series. APPROACH We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to build features from the IHR series extracted from a whole-night electrocardiogram (ECG) and predict every 30 s whether the participant is awake or asleep. Our training database consists of 56 normal participants, and we consider three different databases for validation; one is private, and two are public with different races and apnea severities. MAIN RESULTS On our private database of 27 participants, our accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and [Formula: see text] values for predicting the wake stage are [Formula: see text], 52.4%, 89.4%, and 0.83, respectively. Validation performance is similar on our two public databases. When we use the photoplethysmography instead of the ECG to obtain the IHR series, the performance is also comparable. A robustness check is carried out to confirm the obtained performance statistics. SIGNIFICANCE This result advocates for an effective and scalable method for recognizing changes in physiological state using non-invasive heart rate monitoring. The CNN model adaptively quantifies IHR fluctuation as well as its location in time and is suitable for differentiating between the wake and sleep stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Malik
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Morning Blood Pressure Surge Relates to Autonomic Neural Activity in Young Non-Dipping Adults: The African-PREDICT Study. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:1197-1205. [PMID: 30093314 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that an exaggerated morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease development in hypertensive individuals. However, in non-dipping individuals, a lower surge was reportedly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Sympathetic nervous system activity is involved in 24-hour blood pressure fluctuations, including night-time dipping and the MBPS. To better understand this interaction, we investigated associations of MBPS with heart-rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity in young healthy dippers and non-dippers. METHODS We included black and white men and women (n=827), aged 20-30 years and determined the MBPS using two formulas: the sleep-trough and dynamic morning surge. For autonomic function we determined baroreceptor sensitivity and heart-rate variability. RESULTS The majority of non-dippers in this population were black (70.4%), presenting lower sleep-trough and dynamic morning surge (all p<0.001). Heart-rate variability was comparable between dippers and non-dippers, whereas baroreceptor sensitivity was higher in non-dippers (p=0.021). Despite a suppressed MBPS profile in non-dippers, we found both sleep-trough (β=-0.25; p=0.039) and dynamic morning surge (β=-0.14; p=0.047) to be inversely and independently associated with 24-hour heart-rate variability (total power). These results were absent in dippers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found a higher night-time blood pressure coupled with lower MBPS in young healthy non-dippers. Furthermore, this lower MBPS was independently and negatively associated with autonomic neural activity, suggesting increased autonomic function involvement in MBPS suppression of non-dippers. The predictive value of suppressed nocturnal dipping pattern should be investigated while taking autonomic neural activity into account.
Collapse
|
64
|
Tada Y, Yoshizaki T, Tomata Y, Yokoyama Y, Sunami A, Hida A, Kawano Y. The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity: An Observational Study Considering Lifestyle (Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep) among Female College Students. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:249-255. [PMID: 28978872 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining the impact of menstrual cycle phases on the cardiac autonomic nervous system have produced inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship, controlling for the confounding effects of diet, physical activity, and sleep, which can be affected by the menstrual cycle. Fifteen female college students with regular menses were enrolled. Data regarding 24-h heart rate variability (HRV), dietary intake, eating behavior, menstrual distress, and sleep and activity parameters were obtained during the follicular and luteal phases. Power spectral analysis of HRV was used to calculate low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz, LF), high-frequency (>0.15 Hz, HF), and total spectral power (TP). Cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity indicators were evaluated as LF/HF and HF/TP, respectively. Intake of protein and fat, as well as total sleep time and number of awakenings, were higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (p<0.05). Tendencies for increased mean activity counts, emotional eating scores, and behavioral change scores in the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire were observed in the luteal phase (p<0.10). Although LF/HF was higher in the luteal phase (p=0.036), the relationship was weakened after controlling for diet, physical activity, and sleep (p=0.113). Our findings suggest that altering sympathetic nervous system activity during the menstrual cycle was not independent from major lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and sleep). Menstrual cycle phase and changes of these parameters should be considered when assessing the cardiac autonomic function among menstruating woman.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tada
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | | | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Ayaka Sunami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Azumi Hida
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Yukari Kawano
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Shen W, Yuan Y, Tang C, Shi C, Liu C, Luo J, Zhang X. In Search of Somatic Precursors of Spontaneous Insight. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A considerable number of behavioral and neuroscientific studies on insight problem solving have revealed behavioral and neural correlates of the dynamic insight process; however, somatic correlates, particularly somatic precursors of creative insight, remain undetermined. To characterize the somatic precursor of spontaneous insight, 22 healthy volunteers were recruited to solve the compound remote associate (CRA) task in which a problem can be solved by either an insight or an analytic strategy. The participants’ peripheral nervous activities, particularly electrodermal and cardiovascular responses, were continuously monitored and separately measured. The results revealed a greater skin conductance magnitude for insight trials than for non-insight trials in the 4-s time span prior to problem solutions and two marginally significant correlations between pre-solution heart rate variability (HRV) and the solution time of insight trials. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that spontaneous insight in problem solving is a somatically peculiar process that is distinct from the stepwise process of analytic problem solving and can be represented by a special somatic precursor, which is a stronger pre-solution electrodermal activity and a correlation between problem solution time and certain HRV indicators such as the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaoying Tang
- School of Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunhua Shi
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhang
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Tada Y, Yoshizaki T, Tanaka I, Kanehara R, Kato M, Hatta N, Hida A, Kawano Y. Higher energy intake at dinner decreases parasympathetic activity during nighttime sleep in menstruating women: A randomized controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:252-259. [PMID: 29894762 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found more frequent increases in dietary intake and nonrestorative nocturnal sleep during the luteal phase than in the follicular phase, but few studies have investigated how increased energy intake at dinner influences sleep by considering the correlation between female hormone and cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. This study examined the effects of energy intake at dinner on ANS activity during nighttime sleep in order to evaluate restorative sleep in healthy women. We also examined whether ANS activity is associated with female hormone dynamics. METHODS Twenty-four healthy collegiate women participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each was assigned to receive a High Energy Dinner (HED) or Low Energy Dinner (LED) treatment. Energy ratios of each test meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) to total energy intake were 1:1:2 and 1:2:1 for HED and LED treatments, respectively. Each participant wore an ECG recorder before dinner and removed it upon waking the next morning. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was used to calculate low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total spectral power (TP). Cardiac sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous system activity were evaluated as LF/HF and HF/TP, respectively. RESULTS Mean HF/TP for the entire sleeping period was lower with HED treatment compared to LED treatment (41.7 ± 11.4 vs. 45.0 ± 12.13, P = .034). Intergroup comparisons of the initial 3-h sleeping period revealed that LF/HF (0.87 ± 0.82 vs. 0.66 ± 0.82, P = .013) and HF/TP (45.6 ± 13.9 vs. 51.5 ± 11.8, P = .002) were higher and lower, respectively, with HED treatment compared to LED treatment. Progesterone levels were positively correlated with LF/HF with LED treatment, and negatively correlated with HF/TP with both HED and LED treatments. CONCLUSION Higher energy intake at dinner increases and decreases SNS and PNS activities, respectively, resulting in nonrestorative nocturnal sleep. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between progesterone and PNS activity, highlighting the difficulty of increasing PNS activity during sleep in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tada
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yoshizaki
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University; Izumino 1-1-1, Itakura, Oura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Izumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Rieko Kanehara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Misao Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoko Hatta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Azumi Hida
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Yukari Kawano
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Fauchon C, Pichot V, Faillenot I, Pommier B, Garcia-Larrea L, Peyron R, Chouchou F. Contextual modulation of autonomic pain reactivity. Auton Neurosci 2018; 212:28-31. [PMID: 29778243 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although modulation of cardiac activity may be influenced by several factors, interaction between autonomic nociceptive responses and the high-level of cortical processes is not clearly understood. Here, we studied in 26 subjects whether empathetic or unempathetic contexts could interact with autonomic pain responses. RR intervals variability was used to approach parasympathetic and sympathetic responses to painful thermal stimulations, according to contexts evoked by experimenters' comments. We observed that unempathetic context increased sympathetic reactivity to comments and to painful stimulations without any parasympathetic change. These results show an interaction between context and nociceptive processes in cardiovascular control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fauchon
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Vincent Pichot
- EA SNA-EPIS, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Isabelle Faillenot
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benjamin Pommier
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Luis Garcia-Larrea
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roland Peyron
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology & Pain Center, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- Central Integration of Pain team (NeuroPain), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, UCB Lyon 1, UJM, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; EA SNA-EPIS, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Boos CJ, Bye K, Sevier L, Bakker-Dyos J, Woods DR, Sullivan M, Quinlan T, Mellor A. High Altitude Affects Nocturnal Non-linear Heart Rate Variability: PATCH-HA Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 29713290 PMCID: PMC5911497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High altitude (HA) exposure can lead to changes in resting heart rate variability (HRV), which may be linked to acute mountain sickness (AMS) development. Compared with traditional HRV measures, non-linear HRV appears to offer incremental and prognostic data, yet its utility and relationship to AMS have been barely examined at HA. This study sought to examine this relationship at terrestrial HA. Methods: Sixteen healthy British military servicemen were studied at baseline (800 m, first night) and over eight consecutive nights, at a sleeping altitude of up to 3600 m. A disposable cardiac patch monitor was used, to record the nocturnal cardiac inter-beat interval data, over 1 h (0200-0300 h), for offline HRV assessment. Non-linear HRV measures included Sample entropy (SampEn), the short (α1, 4-12 beats) and long-term (α2, 13-64 beats) detrend fluctuation analysis slope and the correlation dimension (D2). The maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPE), during daily exercise, was assessed using the Borg 6-20 RPE scale. Results: All subjects completed the HA exposure. The average age of included subjects was 31.4 ± 8.1 years. HA led to a significant fall in SpO2 and increase in heart rate, LLS and RPE. There were no significant changes in the ECG-derived respiratory rate or in any of the time domain measures of HRV during sleep. The only notable changes in frequency domain measures of HRV were an increase in LF and fall in HFnu power at the highest altitude. Conversely, SampEn, SD1/SD2 and D2 all fell, whereas α1 and α2 increased (p < 0.05). RPE inversely correlated with SD1/SD2 (r = -0.31; p = 0.002), SampEn (r = -0.22; p = 0.03), HFnu (r = -0.27; p = 0.007) and positively correlated with LF (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), LF/HF (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), α1 (r = 0.32; p = 0.002) and α2 (r = 0.21; p = 0.04). AMS occurred in 7/16 subjects (43.8%) and was very mild in 85.7% of cases. HRV failed to predict AMS. Conclusion: Non-linear HRV is more sensitive to the effects of HA than time and frequency domain indices. HA leads to a compensatory decrease in nocturnal HRV and complexity, which is influenced by the RPE measured at the end of the previous day. HRV failed to predict AMS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Boos
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,Centre of Postgraduate Medical Research and Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.,Research Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kyo Bye
- The Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Sevier
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Bakker-Dyos
- Research Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David R Woods
- Research Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom.,Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Academic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Adrian Mellor
- The Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom.,James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Wdowczyk J, Makowiec D, Gruchała M, Wejer D, Struzik ZR. Dynamical Landscape of Heart Rhythm in Long-Term Heart Transplant Recipients: A Way to Discern Erratic Rhythms. Front Physiol 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29686620 PMCID: PMC5900061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that higher values of heart rate variability (HRV) indices account for better organization of the network of feedback reflexes driving an organism's response to actual bodily needs. In order to evaluate this organization in heart transplant (HTX) recipients, 58 nocturnal Holter signals of 14 HTX patients were analyzed. Their dynamical properties were evaluated by short-term HRV indices and measures grounded on entropy. Estimates grouped according to the patients' clinical progress: free of complications versus with complications, and arranged in order of the length of time since the HTX, lead us to the conclusion that higher HRV is associated with a worse outcome for HTX patients. Moreover, short-term HRV indices that are constant, rather than increasing over time, serve well in the prognosis of the future state of a HTX patient. These findings suggest that increases observed in HRV indices are related to erratic rhythms resulting from remodeling of the cardiac tissue (including heterogeneous innervation) in long-term HTX patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that dynamical landscape markers (entropy and fragmentation measures together with the short-term HRV indices) can serve as a tool in the exploration of the genesis of (non-respiratory sinus) arrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wdowczyk
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Makowiec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchała
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Wejer
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew R Struzik
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.,Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Pietilä J, Helander E, Korhonen I, Myllymäki T, Kujala UM, Lindholm H. Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e23. [PMID: 29549064 PMCID: PMC5878366 DOI: 10.2196/mental.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is fundamental for good health, and poor sleep has been associated with negative health outcomes. Alcohol consumption is a universal health behavior associated with poor sleep. In controlled laboratory studies, alcohol intake has been shown to alter physiology and disturb sleep homeostasis and architecture. The association between acute alcohol intake and physiological changes has not yet been studied in noncontrolled real-world settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of alcohol intake on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep in a large noncontrolled sample of Finnish employees. METHODS From a larger cohort, this study included 4098 subjects (55.81%, 2287/4098 females; mean age 45.1 years) who had continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recordings of good quality for at least 1 day with and for at least 1 day without alcohol intake. The participants underwent continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recording during their normal everyday life and self-reported their alcohol intake as doses for each day. Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and HRV-derived indices of physiological state from the first 3 hours of sleep were used as outcomes. Within-subject analyses were conducted in a repeated measures manner by studying the differences in the outcomes between each participant's days with and without alcohol intake. For repeated measures two-way analysis of variance, the participants were divided into three groups: low (≤0.25 g/kg), moderate (>0.25-0.75 g/kg), and high (>0.75 g/kg) intake of pure alcohol. Moreover, linear models studied the differences in outcomes with respect to the amount of alcohol intake and the participant's background parameters (age; gender; body mass index, BMI; physical activity, PA; and baseline sleep HR). RESULTS Alcohol intake was dose-dependently associated with increased sympathetic regulation, decreased parasympathetic regulation, and insufficient recovery. In addition to moderate and high alcohol doses, the intraindividual effects of alcohol intake on the ANS regulation were observed also with low alcohol intake (all P<.001). For example, HRV-derived physiological recovery state decreased on average by 9.3, 24.0, and 39.2 percentage units with low, moderate, and high alcohol intake, respectively. The effects of alcohol in suppressing recovery were similar for both genders and for physically active and sedentary subjects but stronger among young than older subjects and for participants with lower baseline sleep HR than with higher baseline sleep HR. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake disturbs cardiovascular relaxation during sleep in a dose-dependent manner in both genders. Regular PA or young age do not protect from these effects of alcohol. In health promotion, wearable HR monitoring and HRV-based analysis of recovery might be used to demonstrate the effects of alcohol on sleep on an individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pietilä
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Helander
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Korhonen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Firstbeat Technologies, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tero Myllymäki
- Firstbeat Technologies, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Lindholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Nokia Technologies, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
Currently, panic disorder (PD) is considered a mental disorder based on the assumptions that panic attacks (PAs) are “false alarms” that arise from abnormally sensitive defense systems in the central nervous system and that PD is treated with therapies specifically acting on anxiety or fear mechanisms. This article aims to propose an alternative perspective based on the results of some experimental studies. Our heuristic proposal suggests not only that PD may be a mental disorder but also that patients with PD have real abnormal body functioning, mainly involving cardiorespiratory and balance systems, leading to a decline in global physical fitness. PAs, as well as physical symptoms or discomfort in some environmental situations, may be “real alarms” signaling that the adaptability resources of an organism are insufficient to respond appropriately to some internal or external changes, thus representing the transient conscious awareness of an imbalance in body functioning. The antipanic properties of several modern treatments for PD may include their beneficial effects on body functions. Although anxiety or fear mechanisms are evidently involved in PD, we hypothesize that a reduction of physical fitness is the “primum movens” of PD, while anxiety or fear is induced and sustained by repeated signals of impaired body functioning. We propose considering panic in a broader perspective that offers a central role to the body and to contemplate the possible role of somatic treatments in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, FoRiPsi, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami University, Miami, USA
| | - Daniela Caldirola
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, FoRiPsi, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hulsegge G, Gupta N, Proper KI, van Lobenstein N, IJzelenberg W, Hallman DM, Holtermann A, van der Beek AJ. Shift work is associated with reduced heart rate variability among men but not women. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:109-114. [PMID: 29433969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance in the autonomic nervous system due to a disrupted circadian rhythm may be a cause of shift work-related cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association between shift work and cardiac autonomic activity in blue-collar workers. METHODS The study included 665 blue-collar workers aged 18-68 years in different occupations from two Danish cohort studies. Time and frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during sleep using the Actiheart monitor, and used as markers of cardiac autonomic function. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate differences in HRV between day and shift workers. RESULTS Shift workers had no significantly different HRV parameters than day workers, except for a lower VLF (B: 0.21; 95% CI: -0.36-0.05). The lower VLF was only present among non-night shift workers (p < 0.05) and not among night shift workers (p > 0.05). Results differed significantly by gender (p for interaction < 0.10): among men, shift work was negatively associated with RMSSD (B: -7.83; 95% CI: -14.28-1.38), SDNN (B: -7.0; 95% CI: -12.27-1.78), VLF (B: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.46-0.09) and Total Power (B: -0.61; 95% CI: -1.20-0.03), while among women, shift work was only associated with the LF/HF ratio (B: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.54-0.03). CONCLUSION Shift work was particularly associated with lower HRV during sleep among men. This indicates that shift work causes imbalance in the autonomic nervous system among men, which might increase their risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Hulsegge
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin I Proper
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja van Lobenstein
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmina IJzelenberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Cvejic E, Sandler CX, Keech A, Barry BK, Lloyd AR, Vollmer-Conna U. Autonomic nervous system function, activity patterns, and sleep after physical or cognitive challenge in people with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2017; 103:91-94. [PMID: 29167053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore changes in autonomic functioning, sleep, and physical activity during a post-exertional symptom exacerbation induced by physical or cognitive challenge in participants with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS Thirty-five participants with CFS reported fatigue levels 24-h before, immediately before, immediately after, and 24-h after the completion of previously characterised physical (stationary cycling) or cognitive (simulated driving) challenges. Participants also provided ratings of their sleep quality and sleep duration for the night before, and after, the challenge. Continuous ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG) and physical activity was recorded from 24-h prior, until 24-h after, the challenge. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV, as high frequency power in normalized units) was derived from the ECG trace for periods of wake and sleep. RESULTS Both physical and cognitive challenges induced an immediate exacerbation of the fatigue state (p<0.001), which remained elevated 24-h post-challenge. After completing the challenges, participants spent a greater proportion of wakeful hours lying down (p=0.024), but did not experience significant changes in sleep quality or sleep duration. Although the normal changes in HR and HRV during the transition from wakefulness to sleep were evident, the magnitude of the increase in HRV was significantly lower after completing the challenge (p=0.016). CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence of reduced nocturnal parasympathetic activity, and increased periods of inactivity, were found during post-exertional fatigue in a well-defined group of participants with CFS. Larger studies employing challenge paradigms are warranted to further explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of post-exertional fatigue in CFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, School of Public Health, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Andrew Keech
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
| | - Benjamin K Barry
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- UNSW Fatigue Clinic, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
| | - Uté Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Gutierrez G, Williams J, Alrehaili GA, McLean A, Pirouz R, Amdur R, Jain V, Ahari J, Bawa A, Kimbro S. Respiratory rate variability in sleeping adults without obstructive sleep apnea. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12949. [PMID: 27597768 PMCID: PMC5027356 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing respiratory rate variability (RRV) in humans during sleep is challenging, since it requires the analysis of respiratory signals over a period of several hours. These signals are easily distorted by movement and volitional inputs. We applied the method of spectral analysis to the nasal pressure transducer signal in 38 adults with no obstructive sleep apnea, defined by an apnea‐hypopnea index <5, who underwent all‐night polysomnography (PSG). Our aim was to detect and quantitate RRV during the various sleep stages, including wakefulness. The nasal pressure transducer signal was acquired at 100 Hz and consecutive frequency spectra were generated for the length of the PSG with the Fast Fourier Transform. For each spectrum, we computed the amplitude ratio of the first harmonic peak to the zero frequency peak (H1/DC), and defined as RRV as (100 − H1/DC) %. RRV was greater during wakefulness compared to any sleep stage, including rapid‐eye‐movement. Furthermore, RRV correlated with the depth of sleep, being lowest during N3. Patients spent most their sleep time supine, but we found no correlation between RRV and body position. There was a correlation between respiratory rate and sleep stage, being greater in wakefulness than in any sleep stage. We conclude that RRV varies according to sleep stage. Moreover, spectral analysis of nasal pressure signal appears to provide a valid measure of RRV during sleep. It remains to be seen if the method can differentiate normal from pathological sleep patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gutierrez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey Williams
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ghadah A Alrehaili
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna McLean
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ramin Pirouz
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Richard Amdur
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vivek Jain
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jalil Ahari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amandeep Bawa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Shawn Kimbro
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Pawlowski MA, Gazea M, Wollweber B, Dresler M, Holsboer F, Keck ME, Steiger A, Adamczyk M, Mikoteit T. Heart rate variability and cordance in rapid eye movement sleep as biomarkers of depression and treatment response. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:64-73. [PMID: 28411417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relevance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in affective disorders originates from its well-known abnormalities in depressed patients, who display disinhibition of REM sleep reflected by increased frequency of rapid eye movements (REM density). In this study we examined whether heart rate variability (HRV) and prefrontal theta cordance, both derived from REM sleep, could represent biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response. METHODS In an open-label, case-control design, thirty-three in-patients (21 females) with a depressive episode were treated with various antidepressants for four weeks. Response to treatment was defined as a ≥50% reduction of HAM-D score at the end of the fourth week. Sleep EEG was recorded after the first and the fourth week of medication. HRV was derived from 3-min artifact-free electrocardiogram segments during REM sleep. Cordance was computed for prefrontal EEG channels in the theta frequency band during tonic REM sleep. RESULTS HRV during REM sleep was decreased in depressed patients at week four as compared to controls (high effect size; Cohen's d > 1), and showed a negative correlation with REM density in both, healthy subjects and patients at week four. Further, the fourteen responders had significantly higher prefrontal theta cordance as compared to the nineteen non-responders after the first week of antidepressant medication; in contrast, HRV at week one did not discriminate between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HRV in REM sleep categorizes healthy subjects and depressed patients, whereas REM sleep-derived prefrontal cordance may predict the response to antidepressant treatment in depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Gazea
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; University of Bern, Inselspital University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Dresler
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Axel Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Adamczyk
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Tataraidze A, Korostovtseva L, Anishchenko L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep architecture measurement based on cardiorespiratory parameters. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:3478-3481. [PMID: 28324987 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a method for the detection of wakeful state, rapid eye movement sleep (REM), light sleep (N1&N2) and deep sleep (N3&N4) based on cardiorespiratory parameters. Experiments were conducted with data of 625 subjects without sleep-disordered breathing selected from the SHHS dataset. Compared to previous studies, our method considers results of neighboring epochs classification and epoch position over record time. The method demonstrates Cohen's kappa of 0.57 ± 0.13 and the accuracy of 71.4 ± 8.6 %. The results might contribute to the development of screening tools for diagnostics, prevention, and management of sleep disorders.
Collapse
|
77
|
Chouchou F, Bouet R, Pichot V, Catenoix H, Mauguière F, Jung J. The neural bases of ictal tachycardia in temporal lobe seizures. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1810-1819. [PMID: 28709879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to limited information from scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, brain areas driving changes in cardiac rhythm during Temporal lobe (TL) seizures are not clearly identified. Using stereotactic EEG (SEEG) recordings, we aimed at identifying which of the brain regions involved in autonomic control trigger ictal tachycardia. METHODS The neural activity of several mesial temporal lobe structures including amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and lateral temporal lobe recorded with SEEG were collected during 37 TL seizures in 9 patients, using indices based on High Frequency Activity (HFA). R-R intervals (RR) monitoring and time-frequency spectral analysis were performed to assess parasympathetic (High frequency power (HF)) and sympathetic (Low frequency/High frequency (LF/HF) ratio) reactivities. RESULTS Tachycardia was associated with a significant increase in LF/HF ratio and decrease in HF. Autonomic cardiac changes were accompanied by simultaneous SEEG signal changes with an increase in seizure-related HFA in anterior hippocampal formation and amygdala, but not in insula. CONCLUSION In our sample, TL seizures are thus accompanied by an early decrease in parasympathetic control of cardiac rhythm and by an increase of sympathetic tone, concomitant to seizure activity in anterior hippocampus and amygdala. SIGNIFICANCE These results support a pivotal role of hippocampus and amygdala in tachycardia occurring during TL seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chouchou
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France.
| | - Romain Bouet
- Dycog Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pichot
- Clinical Physiology Department, CHU Nord, Saint-Etienne, France; EA 4607 SNA-EPIS Lab, University of Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Mauguière
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France; Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Dycog Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France; Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Wang J, Han J, Nguyen VT, Guo L, Guo CC. Improving the Test-Retest Reliability of Resting State fMRI by Removing the Impact of Sleep. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:249. [PMID: 28533739 PMCID: PMC5420587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) provides a powerful tool to examine large-scale neural networks in the human brain and their disturbances in neuropsychiatric disorders. Thanks to its low demand and high tolerance, resting state paradigms can be easily acquired from clinical population. However, due to the unconstrained nature, resting state paradigm is associated with excessive head movement and proneness to sleep. Consequently, the test-retest reliability of rs-fMRI measures is moderate at best, falling short of widespread use in the clinic. Here, we characterized the effect of sleep on the test-retest reliability of rs-fMRI. Using measures of heart rate variability (HRV) derived from simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, we identified portions of fMRI data when subjects were more alert or sleepy, and examined their effects on the test-retest reliability of functional connectivity measures. When volumes of sleep were excluded, the reliability of rs-fMRI is significantly improved, and the improvement appears to be general across brain networks. The amount of improvement is robust with the removal of as much as 60% volumes of sleepiness. Therefore, test-retest reliability of rs-fMRI is affected by sleep and could be improved by excluding volumes of sleepiness as indexed by HRV. Our results suggest a novel and practical method to improve test-retest reliability of rs-fMRI measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Vinh T Nguyen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Christine C Guo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Tal A, Shinar Z, Shaki D, Codish S, Goldbart A. Validation of Contact-Free Sleep Monitoring Device with Comparison to Polysomnography. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:517-522. [PMID: 27998378 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To validate a contact-free system designed to achieve maximal comfort during long-term sleep monitoring, together with high monitoring accuracy. METHODS We used a contact-free monitoring system (EarlySense, Ltd., Israel), comprising an under-the-mattress piezoelectric sensor and a smartphone application, to collect vital signs and analyze sleep. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body movement, and calculated sleep-related parameters from the EarlySense (ES) sensor were compared to data simultaneously generated by the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG). Subjects in the sleep laboratory underwent overnight technician-attended full PSG, whereas subjects at home were recorded for 1 to 3 nights with portable partial PSG devices. Data were compared epoch by epoch. RESULTS A total of 63 subjects (85 nights) were recorded under a variety of sleep conditions. Compared to PSG, the contact-free system showed similar values for average total sleep time (TST), % wake, % rapid eye movement, and % non-rapid eye movement sleep, with 96.1% and 93.3% accuracy of continuous measurement of HR and RR, respectively. We found a linear correlation between TST measured by the sensor and TST determined by PSG, with a coefficient of 0.98 (R = 0.87). Epoch-by-epoch comparison with PSG in the sleep laboratory setting revealed that the system showed sleep detection sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.5%, 80.4%, and 90.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TST estimates with the contact-free sleep monitoring system were closely correlated with the gold-standard reference. This system shows good sleep staging capability with improved performance over accelerometer-based apps, and collects additional physiological information on heart rate and respiratory rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Tal
- Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | | | - David Shaki
- Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | | | - Aviv Goldbart
- Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Fehlert E, Willmann K, Fritsche L, Linder K, Mat-Husin H, Schleger F, Weiss M, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Brucker S, Häring HU, Preissl H, Fritsche A. Gestational diabetes alters the fetal heart rate variability during an oral glucose tolerance test: a fetal magnetocardiography study. BJOG 2016; 124:1891-1898. [PMID: 28029217 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) potentially harms the child before birth. We previously found GDM to be associated with developmental changes in the central nervous system. We now hypothesise that GDM may also impact on the fetal autonomic nervous system under metabolic stress like an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). DESIGN We measured heart rate variability (HRV) of mothers and fetuses during a three-point OGTT using fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG). SETTING Measurements were performed in the fMEG Centre in Tübingen. POPULATION After exclusion of 23 participants, 13 pregnant women with GDM and 36 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were examined. METHODS All women underwent the same examination setting with OGTT during which fMCG was recorded three times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Parameters of heart rate variability were measured. RESULTS Compared with mothers with normal glucose regulation, mothers with GDM showed increased heart rate but no significant differences of maternal HRV. In contrast, HRV in fetuses of mothers with GDM differed from those in the metabolically healthy group regarding standard deviation normal to normal beat (SDNN) (P = 0.012), low-frequency band (P = 0.008) and high-frequency band (P = 0.031). These HRV parameters exhibit a decrease only in GDM fetuses during the second hour of the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS These results show an altered response of the fetal autonomic nervous system to metabolic stress in GDM-complicated pregnancies. Hence, disturbances in maternal glucose metabolism might not only impact on the central nervous system of the fetus but may also affect the fetal autonomic nervous system. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Metabolic stress reveals a different response of fetal autonomic nervous system in GDM-complicated pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fehlert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Willmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Linder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Mat-Husin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - I Kiefer-Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H-U Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Preissl
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Pace M, Dumortier L, Favre-Juvin A, Guinot M, Bricout VA. Heart rate variability during sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:309-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
82
|
Pichot V, Roche F, Celle S, Barthélémy JC, Chouchou F. HRVanalysis: A Free Software for Analyzing Cardiac Autonomic Activity. Front Physiol 2016; 7:557. [PMID: 27920726 PMCID: PMC5118625 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pioneering studies of the 1960s, heart rate variability (HRV) has become an increasingly used non-invasive tool for examining cardiac autonomic functions and dysfunctions in various populations and conditions. Many calculation methods have been developed to address these issues, each with their strengths and weaknesses. Although, its interpretation may remain difficult, this technique provides, from a non-invasive approach, reliable physiological information that was previously inaccessible, in many fields including death and health prediction, training and overtraining, cardiac and respiratory rehabilitation, sleep-disordered breathing, large cohort follow-ups, children's autonomic status, anesthesia, or neurophysiological studies. In this context, we developed HRVanalysis, a software to analyse HRV, used and improved for over 20 years and, thus, designed to meet laboratory requirements. The main strength of HRVanalysis is its wide application scope. In addition to standard analysis over short and long periods of RR intervals, the software allows time-frequency analysis using wavelet transform as well as analysis of autonomic nervous system status on surrounding scored events and on preselected labeled areas. Moreover, the interface is designed for easy study of large cohorts, including batch mode signal processing to avoid running repetitive operations. Results are displayed as figures or saved in TXT files directly employable in statistical softwares. Recordings can arise from RR or EKG files of different types such as cardiofrequencemeters, holters EKG, polygraphs, and data acquisition systems. HRVanalysis can be downloaded freely from the Web page at: https://anslabtools.univ-st-etienne.frHRVanalysis is meticulously maintained and developed for in-house laboratory use. In this article, after a brief description of the context, we present an overall view of HRV analysis and we describe the methodological approach of the different techniques provided by the software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pichot
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sébastien Celle
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthélémy
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- NeuroPain Unit, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1028/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5292, University of Lyon Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Iscan Z, Nazarova M, Fedele T, Blagovechtchenski E, Nikulin VV. Pre-stimulus Alpha Oscillations and Inter-subject Variability of Motor Evoked Potentials in Single- and Paired-Pulse TMS Paradigms. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:504. [PMID: 27774060 PMCID: PMC5054042 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter- and intra-subject variability of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS is a well-known phenomenon. Although a possible link between this variability and ongoing brain oscillations was demonstrated, the results of the studies are not consistent with each other. Exploring this topic further is important since the modulation of MEPs provides unique possibility to relate oscillatory cortical phenomena to the state of the motor cortex probed with TMS. Given that alpha oscillations were shown to reflect cortical excitability, we hypothesized that their power and variability might explain the modulation of subject-specific MEPs to single- and paired-pulse TMS (spTMS, ppTMS, respectively). Neuronal activity was recorded with multichannel electroencephalogram. We used spTMS and two ppTMS conditions: intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Spearman correlations were calculated within and across subjects between MEPs and the pre-stimulus power of alpha oscillations in low (8-10 Hz) and high (10-12 Hz) frequency bands. Coefficient of quartile variation was used to measure variability. Across-subject analysis revealed no difference in the pre-stimulus alpha power among the TMS conditions. However, the variability of high-alpha power in spTMS condition was larger than in the SICI condition. In ICF condition pre-stimulus high-alpha power variability correlated positively with MEP amplitude variability. No correlation has been observed between the pre-stimulus alpha power and MEP responses in any of the conditions. Our results show that the variability of the alpha oscillations can be more predictive of TMS effects than the commonly used power of oscillations and we provide further support for the dissociation of high and low-alpha bands in predicting responses produced by the stimulation of the motor cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Iscan
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Nazarova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Research Center of NeurologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Tommaso Fedele
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Blagovechtchenski
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State UniversitySaint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia; Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Föhr T, Pietilä J, Helander E, Myllymäki T, Lindholm H, Rusko H, Kujala UM. Physical activity, body mass index and heart rate variability-based stress and recovery in 16 275 Finnish employees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:701. [PMID: 27484470 PMCID: PMC4971625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity, overweight, and work-related stress are major concerns today. Psychological stress causes physiological responses such as reduced heart rate variability (HRV), owing to attenuated parasympathetic and/or increased sympathetic activity in cardiac autonomic control. This study's purpose was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and HRV-based stress and recovery on workdays, among Finnish employees. METHODS The participants in this cross-sectional study were 16 275 individuals (6863 men and 9412 women; age 18-65 years; BMI 18.5-40.0 kg/m(2)). Assessments of stress, recovery and PA were based on HRV data from beat-to-beat R-R interval recording (mainly over 3 days). The validated HRV-derived variables took into account the dynamics and individuality of HRV. Stress percentage (the proportion of stress reactions, workday and working hours), and stress balance (ratio between recovery and stress reactions, sleep) describe the amount of physiological stress and recovery, respectively. Variables describing the intensity (i.e. magnitude of recognized reactions) of physiological stress and recovery were stress index (workday) and recovery index (sleep), respectively. Moderate to vigorous PA was measured and participants divided into the following groups, based on calculated weekly PA: inactive (0 min), low (0 < 150 min), medium (150-300 min), and high (>300 min). BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Linear models were employed in the main analyses. RESULTS High PA was associated with lower stress percentages (during workdays and working hours) and stress balance. Higher BMI was associated with higher stress index, and lower stress balance and recovery index. These results were similar for men and women (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION Independent of age and sex, high PA was associated with a lower amount of stress on workdays. Additionally, lower BMI was associated with better recovery during sleep, expressed by a greater amount and magnitude of recovery reactions, which suggests that PA in the long term resulting in improved fitness has a positive effect on recovery, even though high PA may disturb recovery during the following night. Obviously, several factors outside of the study could also affect HRV-based stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Föhr
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Julia Pietilä
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Helander
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero Myllymäki
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Lindholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Rusko
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
The occurrence of individual slow waves in sleep is predicted by heart rate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29671. [PMID: 27445083 PMCID: PMC4957222 DOI: 10.1038/srep29671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography measures presents an ideal method to study the haemodynamics of sleep. While the cortical dynamics and neuro-modulating influences affecting the transition from wakefulness to sleep is well researched, the assumption has been that individual slow waves, the hallmark of deep sleep, are spontaneously occurring cortical events. By creating event-related potentials from the NIRS recording, time-locked to the onset of thousands of individual slow waves, we show the onset of slow waves is phase-locked to an ongoing oscillation in the NIRS recording. This oscillation stems from the moment to moment fluctuations of light absorption caused by arterial pulsations driven by the heart beat. The same oscillating signal can be detected if the electrocardiogram is time-locked to the onset of the slow wave. The ongoing NIRS oscillation suggests that individual slow wave initiation is dependent on that signal, and not the other way round. However, the precise causal links remain speculative. We propose several potential mechanisms: that the heart-beat or arterial pulsation acts as a stimulus which evokes a down-state; local fluctuations in energy supply may lead to a network effect of hyperpolarization; that the arterial pulsations lead to corresponding changes in the cerebral-spinal-fluid which evokes the slow wave; or that a third neural generator, regulating heart rate and slow waves may be involved.
Collapse
|
86
|
Whitehurst LN, Cellini N, McDevitt EA, Duggan KA, Mednick SC. Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7272-7. [PMID: 27298366 PMCID: PMC4932927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518202113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, psychologists and philosophers have proposed that good sleep benefits memory, yet current studies focusing on the relationship between traditionally reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show contradictory findings. This discrepancy suggests that there are events occurring during sleep that have not yet been considered. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages. Also, increases in ANS activity during waking, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been correlated with memory improvement. However, the role of ANS in sleep-dependent memory consolidation has never been examined. Here, we examined whether changes in cardiac ANS activity (HRV) during a daytime nap were related to performance on two memory conditions (Primed and Repeated) and a nonmemory control condition on the Remote Associates Test. In line with prior studies, we found sleep-dependent improvement in the Primed condition compared with the Quiet Wake control condition. Using regression analyses, we compared the proportion of variance in performance associated with traditionally reported sleep features (model 1) vs. sleep features and HRV during sleep (model 2). For both the Primed and Repeated conditions, model 2 (sleep + HRV) predicted performance significantly better (73% and 58% of variance explained, respectively) compared with model 1 (sleep only, 46% and 26% of variance explained, respectively). These findings present the first evidence, to our knowledge, that ANS activity may be one potential mechanism driving sleep-dependent plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara C Mednick
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has the potential to adversely impact general medical health and is known to exist in a number of psychiatric disorders. It reflects alterations in the function of several regions of the central nervous system. Measurement of heart rate variability provides a non-invasive tool for studying autonomic function. While the literature relating to the technical process of heart rate variability and aspects of depressive disorders has been reviewed in the past, research relating to both depressive and bipolar disorders has not been comprehensively reviewed. This paper critically considers the published research in heart rate variability in both depressive and bipolar affective disorders. METHOD A literature search using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Psychology and references included in published literature was conducted using the following keywords: 'heart rate variability and autonomic, combined with depression, depressive disorder, bipolar, mania and sleep'. RESULTS The evidence demonstrates that, using heart rate variability measures, significant distortions of autonomic function are evident in both depressive and bipolar disorders and from most of their pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSION The autonomic dysfunction evident in both unipolar and bipolar affective disorders, and many psychotropic medications, has significant implications for our understanding of the neurophysiology of these disorders, their treatment and associated general health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Bassett
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Joustra SD, Reijntjes RH, Pereira AM, Lammers GJ, Biermasz NR, Thijs RD. The Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Cardiac Autonomic Control during Sleep. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152390. [PMID: 27010631 PMCID: PMC4807027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) may play an important role in central autonomic control, since its projections connect to (para)sympathetic relay stations in the brainstem and spinal cord. The cardiac autonomic modifications during nighttime may therefore not only result from direct effects of the sleep-related changes in the central autonomic network, but also from endogenous circadian factors as directed by the SCN. To explore the influence of the SCN on autonomic fluctuations during nighttime, we studied heart rate and its variability (HRV) in a clinical model of SCN damage. Methods Fifteen patients in follow-up after surgical treatment for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFMA) compressing the optic chiasm (8 females, 26–65 years old) and fifteen age-matched healthy controls (5 females, 30–63 years) underwent overnight ambulatory polysomnography. Eleven patients had hypopituitarism and received adequate replacement therapy. HRV was calculated for each 30-second epoch and corrected for sleep stage, arousals, and gender using mixed effect regression models. Results Compared to controls, patients spent more time awake after sleep onset and in NREM1-sleep, and less in REM-sleep. Heart rate, low (LF) and high frequency (HF) power components and the LF/HF ratio across sleep stages were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that the SCN does not play a dominant role in cardiac autonomic control during sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Joustra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - R. H. Reijntjes
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. M. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G. J. Lammers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - N. R. Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. D. Thijs
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wdowczyk J, Makowiec D, Dorniak K, Gruchała M. Visualization of Heart Rate Variability of Long-Term Heart Transplant Patient by Transition Networks: A Case Report. Front Physiol 2016; 7:79. [PMID: 27014081 PMCID: PMC4780201 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a heart transplant patient at his 17th year of uncomplicated follow-up. Within a frame of routine check out several tests were performed. With such a long and uneventful follow-up some degree of graft reinnervation could be anticipated. However, the patient's electrocardiogram and exercise parameters seemed largely inconclusive in this regard. The exercise heart rate dynamics were suggestive of only mild, if any parasympathetic reinnervation of the graft with persisting sympathetic activation. On the other hand, traditional heart rate variability (HRV) indices were inadequately high, due to erratic rhythm resulting from interference of the persisting recipient sinus node or non-conducted atrial parasystole. New tools, originated from network representation of time series, by visualization short-term dynamical patterns, provided a method to discern HRV increase due to reinnervation from other reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wdowczyk
- 1st Chair and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Makowiec
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Dorniak
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiac Diagnostics, 2nd Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchała
- 1st Chair and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Huang C, Alamili M, Rosenberg J, Gögenur I. Heart rate variability is reduced during acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. J Crit Care 2015; 32:189-95. [PMID: 26776154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to report the trajectory of heart rate variability (HRV) indices during a low-grade acute inflammation and their associations to biomarkers for infection. METHODS Twelve patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis completed this observational study, which composed of 3 sessions of continuous HRV recording from 9 PM to 8 AM during ongoing diverticulitis and at complete remission (baseline). The blood samples were collected at each study session measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes. RESULTS This study showed that the trajectories of the HRV indices were decreased both in time and frequency domains during acute diverticulitis compared to baseline. In particular, the indices reflecting the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities were affected: standard deviation of normal-to-normal beats (P = .003), low-frequency power (P < .001), and total power (P = .001). These HRV changes indicate alterations in the autonomic nervous system during acute inflammation. All reductions of mean HRV indices had significant (P < .001) correlations to increased CRP correlations to increased CRP levels during diverticulitis suggesting inflammatory involvement in the observed HRV alterations. CONCLUSION We found substantial HRV depression in relation to acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, and this was associated with the elevated CRP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde and Køge Hospitals, DK-4600, Køge, Denmark; Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Mahdi Alamili
- Department of Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde and Køge Hospitals, DK-4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde and Køge Hospitals, DK-4600, Køge, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Makowiec D, Wejer D, Kaczkowska A, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Struzik ZR. Chronographic Imprint of Age-Induced Alterations in Heart Rate Dynamical Organization. Front Physiol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 26236241 PMCID: PMC4501288 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beat-to-beat changes in the heart period are transformed into a network of increments between subsequent RR-intervals, which enables graphical descriptions of short-term heart period variability. Three types of such descriptions are considered: (1) network graphs arising from a set of vertices and directed edges, (2) contour plots of adjacency matrices A, representing the networks and transition matrices T, resulting from A, and (3) vector plots of gradients of the matrices A and T. Two indices are considered which summarize properties of A and T: the approximate deceleration capacity and the entropy rate. The method, applied to time series of nocturnal RR-intervals recorded from healthy subjects of different ages, reveals important aspect of changes in the autonomic activity caused by biological aging. Independent of the subject’s age, following accelerations, a pendulum-like dynamics appears. With decelerations, this dynamics develops in line with the subject’s age. This aging transition can be graphically visualized by vectors connecting the maxima of the transition probabilities of T, which, metaphorically, resemble a chronometer or the hands of a clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Makowiec
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Dorota Wejer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczkowska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew R Struzik
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako-shi , Japan ; Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|