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Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release Model Based on Changes in the Luminal Calcium Content. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:337-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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52
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Sterea AM, El Hiani Y. The Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:747-770. [PMID: 31646533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pioneering work of Richard Altman on the presence of mitochondria in cells set in motion a field of research dedicated to uncovering the secrets of the mitochondria. Despite limitations in studying the structure and function of the mitochondria, advances in our understanding of this organelle prompted the development of potential treatments for various diseases, from neurodegenerative conditions to muscular dystrophy and cancer. As the powerhouses of the cell, the mitochondria represent the essence of cellular life and as such, a selective advantage for cancer cells. Much of the function of the mitochondria relies on Ca2+ homeostasis and the presence of effective Ca2+ signaling to maintain the balance between mitochondrial function and dysfunction and subsequently, cell survival. Ca2+ regulates the mitochondrial respiration rate which in turn increases ATP synthesis, but too much Ca2+ can also trigger the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; however, cancer cells have evolved mechanisms to modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux in order to sustain their metabolic demand and ensure their survival. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling involved in the bioenergetic and apoptotic pathways could serve as potential approaches to treat cancer patients. This chapter will review the role of Ca2+ signaling in mediating the function of the mitochondria and its involvement in health and disease with special focus on the pathophysiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra M Sterea
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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53
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Woods JJ, Wilson JJ. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter for the treatment of disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 55:9-18. [PMID: 31869674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Under certain pathological conditions, dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake through the MCU results in cellular dysfunction and apoptotic cell death. Given the role of the MCU in human disease, researchers have developed compounds capable of inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake as tools for understanding the role of this protein in cell death. In this article, we describe recent findings on the role of the MCU in mediating pathological conditions and the search for small-molecule inhibitors of this protein for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Woods
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14583, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14583, USA.
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54
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Fedeli C, Filadi R, Rossi A, Mammucari C, Pizzo P. PSEN2 (presenilin 2) mutants linked to familial Alzheimer disease impair autophagy by altering Ca 2+ homeostasis. Autophagy 2019; 15:2044-2062. [PMID: 30892128 PMCID: PMC6844518 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PSEN2 (presenilin 2) is one of the 3 proteins that, when mutated, causes early onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases. In addition to its well-known role within the γ-secretase complex (the enzyme ultimately responsible for Aβ peptides formation), PSEN2 is endowed with some γ-secretase-independent functions in distinct cell signaling pathways, such as the modulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, by using different FAD-PSEN2 cell models, we demonstrate that mutated PSEN2 impairs autophagy by causing a block in the degradative flux at the level of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion step. The defect does not depend on an altered lysosomal functionality but rather on a decreased recruitment of the small GTPase RAB7 to autophagosomes, a key event for normal autophagy progression. Importantly, FAD-PSEN2 action on autophagy is unrelated to its γ-secretase activity but depends on its previously reported ability to partially deplete ER Ca2+ content, thus reducing cytosolic Ca2+ response upon IP3-linked cell stimulations. Our data sustain the pivotal role for Ca2+ signaling in autophagy and reveal a novel mechanism by which FAD-linked presenilins alter the degradative process, reinforcing the view of a causative role for a dysfunctional quality control pathway in AD neurodegeneration.Abbreviations: Aβ: amyloid β; AD: Alzheimer disease; ACTB: actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APP: amyloid-beta precursor protein; BafA: bafilomycin A1; BAPTA-AM: 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; CFP: cyan fluorescent protein; EGTA-AM: ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EGFP-HDQ74: enhanced GFP-huntingtin exon 1 containing 74 polyglutamine repeats; FAD: familial Alzheimer disease; FCS: fetal calf serum; FRET: fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IP3: inositol trisphosphate; KD: knockdown; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3-II/LC3-II: lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; MICU1: mitochondrial calcium uptake 1; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; PSEN1: presenilin 1; PSEN2: presenilin 2; RAB7: RAB7A: member RAS oncogene family; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ATP2A/SERCA: ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting; siRNA: small interference RNA; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-ATPase; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedeli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute – Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
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55
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Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Martins AC, Aschner M. Role for calcium signaling in manganese neurotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:146-155. [PMID: 31470248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in many cellular processes. Homeostatic control of intracellular levels of calcium ions [Ca2+] is vital to maintaining cellular structure and function. Several signaling molecules are involved in regulating Ca2+ levels in cells and perturbation of calcium signaling processes is implicated in several neurodegenerative and neurologic conditions. Manganese [Mn] is a metal which is essential for basic physiological functions. However, overexposure to Mn from environmental contamination and workplace hazards is a global concern. Mn overexposure leads to its accumulation in several human organs particularly the brain. Mn accumulation in the brain results in a manganism, a Parkinsonian-like syndrome. Additionally, Mn is a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mn neurotoxicity also affects several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic. The mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still being elucidated. AIM The review will highlight a potential role for calcium signaling molecules in the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Ca2+ regulation influences the neurodegenerative process and there is possible role for perturbed calcium signaling in Mn neurotoxicity. Mechanisms implicated in Mn-induced neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. These are influenced by mitochondrial integrity which can be dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the direct effects of calcium signaling dysfunction and calcium-binding proteins activities in Mn neurotoxicity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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56
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Wen J, Zhang L, Liu H, Wang J, Li J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Cai H, Li R, Zhao Y. Salsolinol Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats and Improves Mitochondrial Function in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1135. [PMID: 31680945 PMCID: PMC6797600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Salsolinol (SAL), a plant-based isoquinoline alkaloid, was initially isolated from Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and identified as the active cardiotonic component of ALRP. This study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism by which SAL attenuates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats and improves mitochondrial function in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Methods: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with DOX to establish CHF model. Therapeutic effects of SAL on hemodynamic parameters, serum indices, and the histopathology of the heart were analyzed in vivo. Moreover, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with SAL for 2 h before DOX treatment in all procedures in vitro. Cell viability, cardiomyocyte morphology, proliferation, and mitochondrial function were detected by a high-content screening (HCS) assay. In addition, a Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XFp) analyzer was used to evaluate the cell energy respiratory and energy metabolism function. To further investigate the potential mechanism of SAL, relative mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) signaling pathway-related molecules in vitro were detected. Results: The present data demonstrated the pharmacological effect of SAL on DOX-induced CHF, which was through ameliorating heart function, downregulating serum levels of myocardial injury markers, alleviating histological injury to the heart, increasing the relative mRNA expression levels of key enzymes downstream of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo, and thus enhancing myocardial energy metabolism. In addition, SAL had effects on increasing cell viability, ameliorating DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in H9c2 cardiomyocyte. Moreover, we found that SAL might have an effect on improving mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism via inhibiting excessive activation of MCU pathway in H9c2 cells. However, the protective effect could be ameliorated by ruthenium red (an MCU inhibitor) and abrogated by spermine (an MCU activator) in vitro. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of SAL on CHF are possibly related to ameliorating cardiomyocyte function resulting in promotion of mitochondrial respiratory and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the potential mechanism might be related to downregulating MCU pathway. These findings may provide a potential therapy for CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huadan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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57
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Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake and Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1845321. [PMID: 31583037 PMCID: PMC6754932 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1845321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis, thanks to the removal of aberrant and dysfunctional macromolecules and organelles. During fasting, increased autophagy ensures the maintenance of the amino acid pool required for energy production. The activity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, controls skeletal muscle size, force, and nutrient utilization. Thus, both autophagy and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation play a pivotal role to maintain muscle homeostasis and to sustain muscle function. Here, we address whether, in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and autophagy are mutually related. Muscle-restricted MCU silencing partially inhibits the autophagy flux. Moreover, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7, known to cause the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, drastically reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Thus, a vicious cycle takes place, in which reduced MCU activity hampers the autophagic flux, and loss of autophagy further impairs mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
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58
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Vishnyakova PA, Tarasova NV, Volodina MA, Tsvirkun DV, Sukhanova IA, Kurchakova TA, Kan NE, Medzidova MK, Sukhikh GT, Vysokikh MY. Gestation age-associated dynamics of mitochondrial calcium uniporter subunits expression in feto-maternal complex at term and preterm delivery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5501. [PMID: 30940880 PMCID: PMC6445111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays a role of universal cellular regulator in the living cell and one of the crucial regulators of proper fetal development during gestation. Mitochondria are important for intracellular calcium handling and signaling. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) is a multiprotein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane responsible for the transport of calcium to the mitochondrial matrix. In the present study, we analyzed the expression level of mtCU components in two parts of the feto-maternal system – placenta and myometrium at full-term delivery and at preterm birth (PTB) on different stages: 22–27, 28–32, 33–36 weeks of gestation (n = 50). A gradual increase of mRNA expression and changes in protein content of MCU and MICU1 subunits were revealed in the placenta during gestation. We also observed slower depolarization rate of isolated placental mitochondria induced by Ca2+ titration at PTB. In myometrium at PTB relative gene expression level of MCU, MCUb and SMDT1 increased as compared to full-term pregnancy, but the tendency to gradual increase of MCU protein simultaneous with MCUb increase and MICU1 decline was shown in gestational dynamics. Changes observed in the present study might be considered both natural dynamics as well as possible pathological mechanisms underlying preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda V Tarasova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Molecular Medicine Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maria A Volodina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya st, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Daria V Tsvirkun
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Iuliia A Sukhanova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, 1/12, Leninskye gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Kurchakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Nataliya E Kan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Marzanat K Medzidova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Vysokikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Belozerskii Institute of Physico-chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/40, Leninskye gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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59
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Checchetto V, Szabò I. Electrophysiological Characterization of Calcium-Permeable Channels Using Planar Lipid Bilayer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1925:65-73. [PMID: 30674017 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9018-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous researchers tried to identify the key players of calcium signaling in mitochondria using molecular and cell biology techniques for more than five decades. However, only an integrated approach involving also electrophysiological techniques has finally allowed to define the components of the protein complex responsible for the uptake of this ion into mitochondria.Here we describe the protocol used for the electrophysiological characterization of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex: the following outline indicates step-by-step the setup of planar lipid bilayer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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60
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Abstract
In the last few decades, a large body of experimental evidence has highlighted the complex role for mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: they are not only the site of aerobic metabolism (thus providing most of the ATP supply for endergonic processes) but also a crucial checkpoint of cell death processes (both necrosis and apoptosis) and autophagy. For this purpose, mitochondria must receive and decode the wide variety of physiological and pathological stimuli impacting on the cell. The “old” notion that mitochondria possess a sophisticated machinery for accumulating and releasing Ca
2+, the most common and versatile second messenger of eukaryotic cells, is thus no surprise. What may be surprising is that the identification of the molecules involved in mitochondrial Ca
2+ transport occurred only in the last decade for both the influx (the mitochondrial Ca
2+ uniporter, MCU) and the efflux (the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX) pathways. In this review, we will focus on the description of the amazing molecular complexity of the MCU complex, highlighting the numerous functional implications of the tissue-specific expression of the variants of the channel pore components (MCU/MCUb) and of the associated proteins (MICU 1, 2, and 3, EMRE, and MCUR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy.,Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy
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61
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Paillard M, Csordás G, Huang KT, Várnai P, Joseph SK, Hajnóczky G. MICU1 Interacts with the D-Ring of the MCU Pore to Control Its Ca 2+ Flux and Sensitivity to Ru360. Mol Cell 2018; 72:778-785.e3. [PMID: 30454562 PMCID: PMC6251499 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter's pore (MCU) is required to allow Ca2+-dependent activation of oxidative metabolism and to avoid mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death. The MCU's gatekeeping and cooperative activation is mediated by the Ca2+-sensing MICU1 protein, which has been proposed to form dimeric complexes anchored to the EMRE scaffold of MCU. We unexpectedly find that MICU1 suppresses inhibition of MCU by ruthenium red/Ru360, which bind to MCU's DIME motif, the selectivity filter. This led us to recognize in MICU1's sequence a putative DIME interacting domain (DID), which is required for both gatekeeping and cooperative activation of MCU and for cell survival. Thus, we propose that MICU1 has to interact with the D-ring formed by the DIME domains in MCU to control the uniporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Peter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094 Hungary
| | - Suresh K Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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62
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De La Fuente S, Lambert JP, Nichtova Z, Fernandez Sanz C, Elrod JW, Sheu SS, Csordás G. Spatial Separation of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake and Extrusion for Energy-Efficient Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Heart. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3099-3107.e4. [PMID: 30231993 PMCID: PMC6226263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ elevations enhance ATP production, but uptake must be balanced by efflux to avoid overload. Uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (MCUC), and extrusion is controlled largely by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), both driven electrogenically by the inner membrane potential (ΔΨm). MCUC forms hotspots at the cardiac mitochondria-junctional SR (jSR) association to locally receive Ca2+ signals; however, the distribution of NCLX is unknown. Our fractionation-based assays reveal that extensively jSR-associated mitochondrial segments contain a minor portion of NCLX and lack Na+-dependent Ca2+ extrusion. This pattern is retained upon in vivo NCLX overexpression, suggesting extensive targeting to non-jSR-associated submitochondrial domains and functional relevance. In cells with non-polarized MCUC distribution, upon NCLX overexpression the same given increase in matrix Ca2+ expends more ΔΨm. Thus, cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion are reciprocally polarized, likely to optimize the energy efficiency of local calcium signaling in the beating heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De La Fuente
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Celia Fernandez Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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63
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Bachmann M, Costa R, Peruzzo R, Prosdocimi E, Checchetto V, Leanza L. Targeting Mitochondrial Ion Channels to Fight Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072060. [PMID: 30011966 PMCID: PMC6073807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several experimental evidences have underlined a new role of ion channels in cancer development and progression. In particular, mitochondrial ion channels are arising as new oncological targets, since it has been proved that most of them show an altered expression during tumor development and the pharmacological targeting of some of them have been demonstrated to be able to modulate cancer growth and progression, both in vitro as well as in vivo in pre-clinical mouse models. In this scenario, pharmacology of mitochondrial ion channels would be in the near future a new frontier for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we discuss the new advances in the field, by focusing our attention on the improvements in new drug developments to target mitochondrial ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elena Prosdocimi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Fan C, Fan M, Orlando BJ, Fastman NM, Zhang J, Xu Y, Chambers MG, Xu X, Perry K, Liao M, Feng L. X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Nature 2018; 559:575-579. [PMID: 29995856 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium uptake is critical for regulating ATP production, intracellular calcium signalling, and cell death. This uptake is mediated by a highly selective calcium channel called the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Here, we determined the structures of the pore-forming MCU proteins from two fungi by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The stoichiometry, overall architecture, and individual subunit structure differed markedly from those described in the recent nuclear magnetic resonance structure of Caenorhabditis elegans MCU. We observed a dimer-of-dimer architecture across species and chemical environments, which was corroborated by biochemical experiments. Structural analyses and functional characterization uncovered the roles of key residues in the pore. These results reveal a new ion channel architecture, provide insights into calcium coordination, selectivity and conduction, and establish a structural framework for understanding the mechanism of mitochondrial calcium uniporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minrui Fan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nathan M Fastman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinru Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kay Perry
- NE-CAT and Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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65
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Yoo J, Wu M, Yin Y, Herzik MA, Lander GC, Lee SY. Cryo-EM structure of a mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Science 2018; 361:506-511. [PMID: 29954988 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Calcium transport plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a calcium-selective ion channel that is the primary mediator for calcium uptake into the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length MCU from Neurospora crassa to an overall resolution of ~3.7 angstroms. Our structure reveals a tetrameric architecture, with the soluble and transmembrane domains adopting different symmetric arrangements within the channel. The conserved W-D-Φ-Φ-E-P-V-T-Y sequence motif of MCU pore forms a selectivity filter comprising two acidic rings separated by one helical turn along the central axis of the channel pore. The structure combined with mutagenesis gives insight into the basis of calcium recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mengyu Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark A Herzik
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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66
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Vultur A, Gibhardt CS, Stanisz H, Bogeski I. The role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex in cancer. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1149-1163. [PMID: 29926229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The important role of mitochondria in cancer biology is gaining momentum. With their regulation of cell survival, metabolism, basic cell building blocks, and immunity, among other functions, mitochondria affect not only cancer progression but also the response and resistance to current treatments. Calcium ions are constantly shuttled in and out of mitochondria; thus, playing an important role in the regulation of various cellular processes. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel and its associated regulators transport calcium across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. Due to this central role and the capacity to affect cell behavior and fate, the MCU complex is being investigated in different cancers and cancer-related conditions. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of the MCU complex in multiple cancer types and models; we also provide a perspective for future research and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Vultur
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine S Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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67
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Lander N, Chiurillo MA, Bertolini MS, Docampo R, Vercesi AE. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex in trypanosomes. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:656-663. [PMID: 29286188 PMCID: PMC5980684 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a conserved mechanism for mitochondrial calcium uptake in trypanosomatids was crucial for the molecular identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a long-sought channel present in most eukaryotic organisms. Since then, research efforts to elucidate the role of MCU and its regulatory elements in different biological models have multiplied. MCU is the pore-forming subunit of a multimeric complex (the MCU complex or MCUC) and its predicted structure in trypanosomes is simpler than in mammalian cells, lacking two of its subunits and probably possessing other unidentified components. MCU protein has been characterized in Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agents of African and American trypanosomiasis, respectively. Contrary to its mammalian homolog, TbMCU was found to be essential for cell growth and survival, while its paralog MCUb is an essential protein in T. cruzi. These findings could be further exploited for chemotherapeutic purposes. The emergence of new molecular tools for the genetic manipulation of trypanosomatids has been determinant for the functional characterization of the MCUC components in these organisms. However, further research has to be done to determine the role of each component in intracellular calcium signaling and cell bioenergetics. In this mini-review we summarize the original results on mitochondrial calcium uptake in trypanosomes, how did they contribute to the molecular identification of the MCU, and the functional characterization of the MCUC subunits that has so far been studied in these peculiar eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Lander
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Chiurillo
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara S. Bertolini
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aníbal E. Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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68
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jose Corbalan
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.J.C., R.N.K.), Department of Cell Biology (R.N.K.), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.J.C., R.N.K.), Albert Einstein Cancer Center (R.N.K.), and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (R.N.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.J.C., R.N.K.), Department of Cell Biology (R.N.K.), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.J.C., R.N.K.), Albert Einstein Cancer Center (R.N.K.), and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (R.N.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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69
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Patron M, Sprenger HG, Langer T. m-AAA proteases, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Cell Res 2018; 28:296-306. [PMID: 29451229 PMCID: PMC5835776 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2018.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of mitochondria depends on ubiquitously expressed and evolutionary conserved m-AAA proteases in the inner membrane. These ATP-dependent peptidases form hexameric complexes built up of homologous subunits. AFG3L2 subunits assemble either into homo-oligomeric isoenzymes or with SPG7 (paraplegin) subunits into hetero-oligomeric proteolytic complexes. Mutations in AFG3L2 are associated with dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA28) characterized by the loss of Purkinje cells, whereas mutations in SPG7 cause a recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP7) with motor neurons of the cortico-spinal tract being predominantly affected. Pleiotropic functions have been assigned to m-AAA proteases, which act as quality control and regulatory enzymes in mitochondria. Loss of m-AAA proteases affects mitochondrial protein synthesis and respiration and leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and deficiencies in the axonal transport of mitochondria. Moreover m-AAA proteases regulate the assembly of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex. Impaired degradation of the MCU subunit EMRE in AFG3L2-deficient mitochondria results in the formation of deregulated MCU complexes, increased mitochondrial calcium uptake and increased vulnerability of neurons for calcium-induced cell death. A reduction of calcium influx into the cytosol of Purkinje cells rescues ataxia in an AFG3L2-deficient mouse model. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the m-AAA protease and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and its relevance for neurodegeneration and describe a novel mouse model lacking MCU specifically in Purkinje cells. Our results pledge for a novel view on m-AAA proteases that integrates their pleiotropic functions in mitochondria to explain the pathogenesis of associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patron
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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70
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Vercesi AE, Oliveira HCF. Contribution to mitochondrial research in Brazil: 10th anniversary of the mitomeeting. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:626-629. [PMID: 29064598 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This commentary introduces the subject, the context and the history of the Brazilian annually held meeting on Mitochondrial Research by the occasion of its 10th anniversary. Mitomeetings gather people interested in all aspects of mitochondrial biology in diverse species, including protists, animals, plants, and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal E Vercesi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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