51
|
Wixom AQ, Casavant NC, Sonnen TJ, Kuhl JC, Xiao F, Dandurand LM, Caplan AB. Initial responses of the trap-crop, Solanum sisymbriifolium, to Globodera pallida invasions. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20016. [PMID: 33016605 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers today are looking for mechanisms underlying plant defenses against nematodes by identifying differentially expressed genes in domesticated hosts. In order to provide a different perspective, we analyzed the root transcriptome of an undomesticated non-host species, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamark (SSI) before and after Globodera pallida infection. Utilizing RNAseq analyses, we identified changes in the expression of 277 transcripts. Many of these genes were not annotated; however, the annotated set included peroxidases, reactive oxygen species-producing proteins, and regulators of cell death. Importantly, 60% of the nematode-responsive genes did not respond to physical damage to root tissues, or to exogenous treatments with either salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate. Based on this, we speculate that the majority of changes in SSI gene expression were promoted by either nematode effectors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or by exposure to untested endogenous signaling molecules such as ethylene, or by exposure to multiple stimuli. This study incorporates our findings into a model that accounts for part of this plant's unusual resistance to nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Wixom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - N Carol Casavant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Kuhl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2329, USA
| | - Allan B Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
Pathogen recognition by the plant immune system leads to defense responses that are often accompanied by a form of regulated cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR). HR shares some features with regulated necrosis observed in animals. Genetically, HR can be uncoupled from local defense responses at the site of infection and its role in immunity may be to activate systemic responses in distal parts of the organism. Recent advances in the field reveal conserved cell death-specific signaling modules that are assembled by immune receptors in response to pathogen-derived effectors. The structural elucidation of the plant resistosome-an inflammasome-like structure that may attach to the plasma membrane on activation-opens the possibility that HR cell death is mediated by the formation of pores at the plasma membrane. Necrotrophic pathogens that feed on dead tissue have evolved strategies to trigger the HR cell death pathway as a survival strategy. Ectopic activation of immunomodulators during autoimmune reactions can also promote HR cell death. In this perspective, we discuss the role and regulation of HR in these different contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pitsili
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ujjal J Phukan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Bhutia KL, Nongbri EL, Gympad E, Rai M, Tyagi W. In silico characterization, and expression analysis of rice golden 2-like (OsGLK) members in response to low phosphorous. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2529-2549. [PMID: 32086721 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The availability of phosphorus (P) affects productivity of rice. Under acidic soil conditions (pH < 5.5), P is rapidly immobilized in the soil. Several transcription factors play an important role in low Pi tolerance response, including MYB family members but their role in acidic soil is yet unknown. In this study, genome wide identification and characterization of golden 2-like (GLK) members belonging to GARP superfamily from rice (OsGLK) led to identification of 46 members distributed over 12 chromosomes. We assigned gene nomenclature, analyzed gene structure and identified mutant orthologs and phenotypes in maize and rice, respectively. On the basis of biological functions three categories viz., (a) two-component response regulator (five members), (b) putative transcription factor (21 members) and (c) phosphate starvation response (8 members) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a total of nine subgroups with MYB homeodomain-like and MYB CC-type domains conserved across members. Expression profiling of OsGLKs in response to 24 and 48 h of low Pi in four contrasting rice genotypes, revealed significantly higher expression of OsGLK10, OsGLK15, OsGLK22 and OsGLK30 in tolerant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes, suggesting their role in Pi starvation tolerance. Meta analyses and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) profiling of OsGLK showed diverse expression pattern in various tissues and organs and also modulation in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Our results highlight the versatile role of this diverse and complex GLK family, in particular to abiotic stress. These genes will form the basis of future studies on low Pi tolerance in acidic soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karma Landup Bhutia
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ernieca Lyngdoh Nongbri
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ebenazar Gympad
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayank Rai
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Perez M, Guerringue Y, Ranty B, Pouzet C, Jauneau A, Robe E, Mazars C, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Specific TCP transcription factors interact with and stabilize PRR2 within different nuclear sub-domains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110197. [PMID: 31481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a large set of transcription factors both involved in the control of plant development or in plant stress responses coordination. We previously identified PRR2, a Pseudo-Response Regulator, as a plant-specific CML-interacting partner. We reported that PRR2 acts as a positive actor of plant defense by regulating the production of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we report new data on the interaction between PRR2 and transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte branched Cycloidea and PCF (TCP) family. TCPs have been described to be involved in plant development and immunity. We evaluated the ability of PRR2 to interact with seven TCPs representative of the different subclades of the family. PRR2 is able to interact with TCP13, TCP15, TCP19 and TCP20 in yeast two-hybrid system and in planta interactions were validated for TCP19 and TCP20. Transient expression in tobacco highlighted that PRR2 protein is more easily detected when co-expressed with TCP19 or TC20. This stabilization is associated with a specific sub-nuclear localization of the complex in Cajal bodies or in nuclear speckles according to the interaction of PRR2 with TCP19 or TCP20 respectively. The interaction between PRR2 and TCP19 or TCP20 would contribute to the biological function in specific nuclear compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Perez
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, UPS, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Y Guerringue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - B Ranty
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Pouzet
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - A Jauneau
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - E Robe
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - J P Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - D Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Oren E, Tzuri G, Vexler L, Dafna A, Meir A, Faigenboim A, Kenigswald M, Portnoy V, Schaffer AA, Levi A, Buckler ES, Katzir N, Burger J, Tadmor Y, Gur A. The multi-allelic APRR2 gene is associated with fruit pigment accumulation in melon and watermelon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3781-3794. [PMID: 31175368 PMCID: PMC6685648 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Color and pigment contents are important aspects of fruit quality and consumer acceptance of cucurbit crops. Here, we describe the independent mapping and cloning of a common causative APRR2 gene regulating pigment accumulation in melon and watermelon. We initially show that the APRR2 transcription factor is causative for the qualitative difference between dark and light green rind in both crops. Further analyses establish the link between sequence or expression level variations in the CmAPRR2 gene and pigment content in the rind and flesh of mature melon fruits. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of young fruit rind color in a panel composed of 177 diverse melon accessions did not result in any significant association, leading to an earlier assumption that multiple genes are involved in shaping the overall phenotypic variation in this trait. Through resequencing of 25 representative accessions and allelism tests between light rind accessions, we show that multiple independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CmAPRR2 gene are causative of the light rind phenotype. The multi-haplotypic nature of this gene explains the lack of detection power obtained through genotyping by sequencing-based GWAS and confirms the pivotal role of this gene in shaping fruit color variation in melon. This study demonstrates the power of combining bi- and multi-allelic designs with deep sequencing, to resolve lack of power due to high haplotypic diversity and low allele frequencies. Due to its central role and broad effect on pigment accumulation in fruits, the APRR2 gene is an attractive target for carotenoid bio-fortification of cucurbit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Oren
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Galil Tzuri
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Lea Vexler
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaf Dafna
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayala Meir
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Merav Kenigswald
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Vitaly Portnoy
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Amnon Levi
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nurit Katzir
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Joseph Burger
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Amit Gur
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Borovsky Y, Monsonego N, Mohan V, Shabtai S, Kamara I, Faigenboim A, Hill T, Chen S, Stoffel K, Van Deynze A, Paran I. The zinc-finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:41-55. [PMID: 30828904 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the immature fruit has a major impact on the morphology and quality in pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pc1 and pc10 that affect chlorophyll content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) has been found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato chloroplast development. In the present study, we identified the pepper homolog of the zinc-finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD ONE LIKE1; CcLOL1) as the gene underlying pc1. LOL1 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a positive regulator of programmed cell death and we report here on its role in controlling fruit development in the Solanaceae in a fruit-specific manner. The light-green C. chinense parent used for QTL mapping was found to carry a null mutation in CcLOL1. Verification of the function of the gene was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologous tomato gene resulting in light-green tomato fruits, indicating functional conservation of the orthologous genes in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. Transcriptome profiling of light and dark-green bulks differing for pc1, showed that the QTL affects multiple photosynthesis and oxidation-reduction associated genes in the immature green fruit. Allelic diversity of three known genes CcLOL1, CaGLK2, and CcAPRR2 that influence pepper immature fruit color, was found to be associated with variation in chlorophyll content primarily in C. chinense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Borovsky
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Noam Monsonego
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Vijee Mohan
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sara Shabtai
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Itzhak Kamara
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Stoffel
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Paran
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Díaz ML, Soresi DS, Basualdo J, Cuppari SJ, Carrera A. Transcriptomic response of durum wheat to cold stress at reproductive stage. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2427-2445. [PMID: 30798485 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of cold tolerance is a key step towards obtaining new and improved crop varieties. Current geographical distribution of durum wheat in Argentina exposes the plants to frost damage when spikes have already emerged. Biochemical pathways involved in cold tolerance are known to be early activated at above freezing temperatures. In this study we reported the transcriptome of CBW0101 spring durum wheat by merging data from untreated control and cold (5 °C) treated plant samples at reproductive stage. A total of 128,804 unigenes were predicted. Near 62% of the unigenes were annotated in at least one database. In total 876 unigenes were differentially expressed (DEGs), 562 were up-regulated and 314 down-regulated in treated samples. DEGs are involved in many critical processes including, photosynthetic activity, lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and accumulation of amino acids and seed proteins. Twenty-eight transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 14 families resulted differentially expressed from which eight families comprised of only TFs induced by cold. We also found 31 differentially expressed Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), most of them up-regulated in treated plants. Two of these lncRNAs could operate via microRNAs (miRNAs) target mimic. Our results suggest a reprogramming of expression patterns in CBW0101 that affects a number of genes that is closer to the number reported in winter genotypes. These observations could partially explain its moderate tolerance (low proportion of frost-damaged spikes) when exposed to freezing days in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina L Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniela S Soresi
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jessica Basualdo
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Selva J Cuppari
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alicia Carrera
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Arnaiz A, Martinez M, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Grbic V, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Plant Defenses Against Pests Driven by a Bidirectional Promoter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:930. [PMID: 31379907 PMCID: PMC6652247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant defense responses to pests results in the synchronized change of a complex network of interconnected genes and signaling pathways. An essential part of this process is mediated by the binding of transcription factors to the specific responsive cis-elements within in the promoters of phytophagous-responsive genes. In this work, it is reported the identification and characterization of a bidirectional promoter that simultaneously co-regulate two divergent genes, At5g10300 and At5g10290, upon arthropod feeding. Computational analysis identified the presence of cis-elements within the intergenic region between two loci, mainly from the DOF but also from the AP2/ERF, Golden 2-like and bHLH families. The function of the bidirectional promoter was analyzed using two enhanced variants of the GFP and CherryFP reporter genes, in both orientations, in transient tobacco and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Promoter activity was tested in response to feeding of Tetranychus urticae and Pieris brassicae, as well as wounding, flagellin and chitin treatments. Using RT-qPCR assays and confocal microscopy, it was shown that all treatments resulted in the induction of both reporter genes. Furthermore, our findings revealed the asymmetric character of the promoter with stronger activity in the forward than in the reverse orientation. This study provides an example of a bidirectional promoter with a strong potential to be used in plant biotechnology in pest control that requires stacking of the defense genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: M. Estrella Santamaria,
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
van Rooijen R, Harbinson J, Aarts MGM. Photosynthetic response to increased irradiance correlates to variation in transcriptional response of lipid-remodeling and heat-shock genes. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00069. [PMID: 31245733 PMCID: PMC6508758 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved several mechanisms for sensing increased irradiance, involving signal perception by photoreceptors (cryptochromes), and subsequent biochemical (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and metabolic clues to transmit the signals. This results in the increased expression of heat-shock response genes and of the transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5, mediated by the cryptochrome photoreceptor 1, CRY1). Here, we show the existence of another response pathway in Arabidopsis. This pathway evokes the SPX1-mediated expression activation of the transcription factor PHR1 and leads to the expression of several galactolipid biosynthesis genes. Gene expression analysis of accessions Col-0, Ga-0, and Ts-1, showed activated expression of the SPX1/PHR1-mediated gene expression activation pathway acting on galactolipids biosynthesis genes in both Ga-0 and Col-0, but not in Ts-1. The activation of the SPX1/PHR1-mediated response pathway can be associated with lower photosynthesis efficiency in Ts-1, compared to Col-0 and Ga-0. Besides the accession-associated activation of the SPX1/PHR1-mediated response pathway, comparing gene expression in the accessions showed stronger activation of several heat responsive genes in Ga-0, and the opposite in Ts-1, when compared to Col-0, in line with the differences in their efficiency of photosynthesis. We conclude that natural variation in activation of both heat responsive genes and of galactolipids biosynthesis genes contribute to the variation in photosynthesis efficiency in response to irradiance increase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne van Rooijen
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Cluster of Excellence on Plant ScienceHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Xie F, Yuan JL, Li YX, Wang CJ, Tang HY, Xia JH, Yang QY, Wan ZJ. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Leaf Etiolation of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E922. [PMID: 29561749 PMCID: PMC5979472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is universally utilized in cruciferous vegetables. However, the Chinese cabbage hau CMS lines, obtained by interspecific hybridization and multiple backcrosses of the Brassica juncea (B. juncea) CMS line and Chinese cabbage, show obvious leaf etiolation, and the molecular mechanism of etiolation remains elusive. Here, the ultrastructural and phenotypic features of leaves from the Chinese cabbage CMS line 1409A and maintainer line 1409B are analyzed. The results show that chloroplasts of 1409A exhibit abnormal morphology and distribution. Next, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) is used to identify 485 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 1409A and 1409B, and 189 up-regulated genes and 296 down-regulated genes are found. Genes that affect chloroplasts development, such as GLK1 and GLK2, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, such as PORB, are included in the down-regulated DEGs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis validate that the expression levels of these genes are significantly lower in 1409A than in 1409B. Taken together, these results demonstrate that leaf etiolation is markedly affected by chloroplast development and pigment biosynthesis. This study provides an effective foundation for research on the molecular mechanisms of leaf etiolation of the hau CMS line in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jia-Lan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yi-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Can-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jun-Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zheng-Jie Wan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Townsend PD, Dixon CH, Slootweg EJ, Sukarta OCA, Yang AWH, Hughes TR, Sharples GJ, Pålsson LO, Takken FLW, Goverse A, Cann MJ. The intracellular immune receptor Rx1 regulates the DNA-binding activity of a Golden2-like transcription factor. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3218-3233. [PMID: 29217772 PMCID: PMC5836133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins enable the immune system to recognize and respond to pathogen attack. An early consequence of immune activation is transcriptional reprogramming, and some NLRs have been shown to act in the nucleus and interact with transcription factors. The Rx1 NLR protein of potato is further able to bind and distort double-stranded DNA. However, Rx1 host targets that support a role for Rx1 in transcriptional reprogramming at DNA are unknown. Here, we report a functional interaction between Rx1 and NbGlk1, a Golden2-like transcription factor. Rx1 binds to NbGlk1 in vitro and in planta. NbGlk1 binds to known Golden2-like consensus DNA sequences. Rx1 reduces the binding affinity of NbGlk1 for DNA in vitro. NbGlk1 activates cellular responses to potato virus X, whereas Rx1 associates with NbGlk1 and prevents its assembly on DNA in planta unless activated by PVX. This study provides new mechanistic insight into how an NLR can coordinate an immune signaling response at DNA following pathogen perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Townsend
- From the Department of Biosciences
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, and
| | | | - Erik J Slootweg
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Octavina C A Sukarta
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ally W H Yang
- the Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada, and
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- the Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada, and
| | - Gary J Sharples
- From the Department of Biosciences
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, and
| | - Lars-Olof Pålsson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L W Takken
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aska Goverse
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Cann
- From the Department of Biosciences,
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, and
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Non-photosynthetic plastids as hosts for metabolic engineering. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:41-50. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using plants as hosts for production of complex, high-value compounds and therapeutic proteins has gained increasing momentum over the past decade. Recent advances in metabolic engineering techniques using synthetic biology have set the stage for production yields to become economically attractive, but more refined design strategies are required to increase product yields without compromising development and growth of the host system. The ability of plant cells to differentiate into various tissues in combination with a high level of cellular compartmentalization represents so far the most unexploited plant-specific resource. Plant cells contain organelles called plastids that retain their own genome, harbour unique biosynthetic pathways and differentiate into distinct plastid types upon environmental and developmental cues. Chloroplasts, the plastid type hosting the photosynthetic processes in green tissues, have proven to be suitable for high yield protein and bio-compound production. Unfortunately, chloroplast manipulation often affects photosynthetic efficiency and therefore plant fitness. In this respect, plastids of non-photosynthetic tissues, which have focused metabolisms for synthesis and storage of particular classes of compounds, might prove more suitable for engineering the production and storage of non-native metabolites without affecting plant fitness. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in plastid differentiation and focuses on non-photosynthetic plastids as alternative biotechnological platforms for metabolic engineering.
Collapse
|
63
|
Salesse C, Sharwood R, Sakamoto W, Stern D. The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1624-1633. [PMID: 29089394 PMCID: PMC5717744 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), Bundle Sheath Defective2 (BSD2) plays an essential role in Rubisco biogenesis and is required for correct bundle sheath (BS) cell differentiation. Yet, BSD2 RNA and protein levels are similar in mesophyll (M) and BS chloroplasts, although Rubisco accumulates only in BS chloroplasts. This raises the possibility of additional BSD2 roles in cell development. To test this hypothesis, transgenic lines were created that overexpress and underexpress BSD2 in both BS and M cells, driven by the cell type-specific Rubisco Small Subunit (RBCS) or Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) promoters or the ubiquitin promoter. Genetic crosses showed that each of the transgenes could complement Rubisco deficiency and seedling lethality conferred by the bsd2 mutation. This was unexpected, as RBCS-BSD2 lines lacked BSD2 in M chloroplasts and PEPC-BSD2 lines expressed half the wild-type BSD2 level in BS chloroplasts. We conclude that BSD2 does not play a vital role in M cells and that BS BSD2 is in excess of requirements for Rubisco accumulation. BSD2 levels did affect chloroplast coverage in BS cells. In PEPC-BSD2 lines, chloroplast coverage decreased 30% to 50%, whereas lines with increased BSD2 content exhibited a 25% increase. This suggests that BSD2 has an ancillary role in BS cells related to chloroplast size. Gas exchange showed decreased photosynthetic rates in PEPC-BSD2 lines despite restored Rubisco function, correlating with reduced chloroplast coverage and pointing to CO2 diffusion changes. Conversely, increased chloroplast coverage did not result in increased Rubisco abundance or photosynthetic rates. This suggests another limitation beyond chloroplast volume, most likely Rubisco biogenesis and/or turnover rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Salesse
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - David Stern
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Salesse C, Sharwood R, Sakamoto W, Stern D. The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29089394 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), Bundle Sheath Defective2 (BSD2) plays an essential role in Rubisco biogenesis and is required for correct bundle sheath (BS) cell differentiation. Yet, BSD2 RNA and protein levels are similar in mesophyll (M) and BS chloroplasts, although Rubisco accumulates only in BS chloroplasts. This raises the possibility of additional BSD2 roles in cell development. To test this hypothesis, transgenic lines were created that overexpress and underexpress BSD2 in both BS and M cells, driven by the cell type-specific Rubisco Small Subunit (RBCS) or Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) promoters or the ubiquitin promoter. Genetic crosses showed that each of the transgenes could complement Rubisco deficiency and seedling lethality conferred by the bsd2 mutation. This was unexpected, as RBCS-BSD2 lines lacked BSD2 in M chloroplasts and PEPC-BSD2 lines expressed half the wild-type BSD2 level in BS chloroplasts. We conclude that BSD2 does not play a vital role in M cells and that BS BSD2 is in excess of requirements for Rubisco accumulation. BSD2 levels did affect chloroplast coverage in BS cells. In PEPC-BSD2 lines, chloroplast coverage decreased 30% to 50%, whereas lines with increased BSD2 content exhibited a 25% increase. This suggests that BSD2 has an ancillary role in BS cells related to chloroplast size. Gas exchange showed decreased photosynthetic rates in PEPC-BSD2 lines despite restored Rubisco function, correlating with reduced chloroplast coverage and pointing to CO2 diffusion changes. Conversely, increased chloroplast coverage did not result in increased Rubisco abundance or photosynthetic rates. This suggests another limitation beyond chloroplast volume, most likely Rubisco biogenesis and/or turnover rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Salesse
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - David Stern
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Cheval C, Perez M, Leba LJ, Ranty B, Perochon A, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A, Robe E, Mazars C, Galaud JP, Aldon D. PRR2, a pseudo-response regulator, promotes salicylic acid and camalexin accumulation during plant immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6979. [PMID: 28765536 PMCID: PMC5539105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling mediated by Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins is critical to plant immunity. CaM and CML regulate a wide range of target proteins and cellular responses. While many CaM-binding proteins have been identified, few have been characterized for their specific role in plant immunity. Here, we report new data on the biological function of a CML-interacting partner, PRR2 (PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 2), a plant specific transcription factor. Until now, the physiological relevance of PRR2 remained largely unknown. Using a reverse genetic strategy in A. thaliana, we identified PRR2 as a positive regulator of plant immunity. We propose that PRR2 contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses when challenged with the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. PRR2 is transcriptionally upregulated by SA and P. syringae, enhances SA biosynthesis and SA signalling responses; e.g. in response to P. syringae, PRR2 induces the production of SA and the accumulation of the defence-related protein PR1. Moreover, PRR2 overexpressing lines exhibit an enhanced production of camalexin, a phytoalexin that confers enhanced resistance against pathogens. Together, these data reveal the importance of PRR2 in plant immune responses against P. syringae and suggest a novel function for this particular plant specific transcription factor in plant physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cheval
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - M Perez
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - L J Leba
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- UMR QualiSud, Université de Guyane, Campus Universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France
| | - B Ranty
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Perochon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- University College Dublin Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - A Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - E Robe
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - J P Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - D Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| |
Collapse
|