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Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Gene OSA1 Stimulates the Uptake of Primary Macronutrients in Rice Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213904. [PMID: 36430382 PMCID: PMC9697395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is a master enzyme involved in various plant physiological processes, such as stomatal movements in leaves and nutrient uptake and transport in roots. Overexpression of Oryza sativa PM H+-ATPase 1 (OSA1) has been known to increase NH4+ uptake in rice roots. Although electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments have shown that the transport of many substances is dependent on the proton motive force provided by PM H+-ATPase, the exact role of PM H+-ATPase on the uptake of nutrients in plant roots, especially for the primary macronutrients N, P, and K, is still largely unknown. Here, we used OSA1 overexpression lines (OSA1-oxs) and gene-knockout osa1 mutants to investigate the effect of modulation of PM H+-ATPase on the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients through the use of a nutrient-exhaustive method and noninvasive microtest technology (NMT) in rice roots. Our results showed that under different concentrations of P and K, the uptake rates of P and K were enhanced in OSA1-oxs; by contrast, the uptake rates of P and K were significantly reduced in roots of osa1 mutants when compared with wild-type. In addition, the net influx rates of NH4+ and K+, as well as the efflux rate of H+, were enhanced in OSA1-oxs and suppressed in osa1 mutants under low concentration conditions. In summary, this study indicated that overexpression of OSA1 stimulated the uptake rate of N, P, and K and promoted flux rates of cations (i.e., H+, NH4+, and K+) in rice roots. These results may provide a novel insight into improving the coordinated utilization of macronutrients in crop plants.
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Qvarforth A, Lundgren M, Rodushkin I, Engström E, Paulukat C, Hough RL, Moreno-Jiménez E, Beesley L, Trakal L, Augustsson A. Future food contaminants: An assessment of the plant uptake of Technology-critical elements versus traditional metal contaminants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107504. [PMID: 36122458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Technology-critical elements (TCEs) include most rare earth elements (REEs), the platinum group elements (PGEs), and Ga, Ge, In, Nb, Ta, Te, and Tl. Despite increasing recognition of their prolific release into the environment, their soil to plant transfer remains largely unknown. This paper provides an approximation of the potential for plant uptake by calculating bioconcentration factors (BCFs), defined as the concentration in edible vegetable tissues relative to that in cultivation soil. Here data were obtained from an indoor cultivation experiment growing lettuce, chard, and carrot on 22 different European urban soils. Values of BCFs were determined from concentrations of TCEs in vegetable samples after digestion with concentrated HNO3, and from concentrations in soil determined after 1) Aqua Regia digestion and, 2) diluted (0.1 M) HNO3 leaching. For comparison, BCFs were also determined for 5 traditional metal contaminants (TMCs; As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The main conclusions of the study were that: 1)BCF values for the REEs were consistently low in the studied vegetables;2)the BCFs for Ga and Nb were low as well;3) the BCFs for Tl were high relative to the other measured TCEs and the traditional metal contaminants; and 4) mean BCF values for the investigated TCEs were generally highest in chard and lowest in carrot. These findings provide initial evidence that there are likely to be real and present soil-plant transfer of TCEs, especially in the case of Tl. Improvements in analytical methods and detection limits will allow this to be further investigated in a wider variety of edible plants so that a risk profile may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qvarforth
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M Lundgren
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - I Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - E Engström
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - C Paulukat
- ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - R L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E Moreno-Jiménez
- Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Sci, Dept Agr & Food Chem, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Hou J, Pugazhendhi A, Sindhu R, Vinayak V, Thanh NC, Brindhadevi K, Lan Chi NT, Yuan D. An assessment of biochar as a potential amendment to enhance plant nutrient uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113909. [PMID: 35850292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a desperate attempt to find organic alternatives to synthetic fertilizers, agricultural scientists are increasingly using biochar as a soil amendment. Using chemical fertilizers results in enormous financial burdens and chronic health problems for plants and soils. Global concerns have also increased over the prolonged consumption of foods grown with artificial fertilizers and growth promotors. This adversely affects the environment and the welfare of humans, animals, and other living organisms. This way, organic biofertilizers have established a sustainable farming system. In such a context, biochar is gaining much attention among scientists as it may improve the overall performance of plants; in particular, crops have been optimistically cultivated with the addition of various sources. Field experiments have been conducted with multiple plant-based biochars and animal manure-based biochar. Plants receive different essential nutrients from biochar due to their physicochemical properties. Despite extensive research on biochar's effects on plant growth, yield, and development, it is still unknown how biochar promotes such benefits. Plant performance is affected by many factors in response to biochar amendment, but biochar's effect on nutrient uptake is not widely investigated. We attempted this review by examining how biochar affects nutrient uptake in various crop plants based on its amendment, nutrient composition, and physicochemical and biological properties. A greater understanding and optimization of biochar-plant nutrient interactions will be possible due to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Hou
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nano Engineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Nguyen Chi Thanh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Determination of Saffron Quality through a Multi-Analytical Approach. Foods 2022; 11:3227. [PMCID: PMC9601413 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the specifications for the assessment of saffron quality are contained in the ISO 3632 technical standard. This norm evaluates saffron quality through a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method and grades the spice into three commercial categories. However, numerous studies have highlighted several weaknesses and limitations of the ISO method. For this reason, a new multi-analytical approach for the determination of saffron quality is proposed in this work. Different techniques were employed to assess saffron quality: UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results show that the commercial grading based on the ISO 3632 methodology is not always in line with the observations made with the other techniques. Moreover, the use of two new techniques in the field of saffron quality determination, i.e., SEM-EDX and ICP-OES, proved to be effective for the determination of elemental composition and metal content, which are two important parameters to take into consideration when assessing the quality of the spice.
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Munthali C, Kinoshita R, Onishi K, Rakotondrafara A, Mikami K, Koike M, Tani M, Palta J, Aiuchi D. A Model Nutrition Control System in Potato Tissue Culture and Its Influence on Plant Elemental Composition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2718. [PMID: 36297742 PMCID: PMC9611602 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low or excessive soil fertility is a major constraint to potato production. The influence of each individual nutrient element on potato plants under field studies remains ambiguous due to the influence of environmental variations. Creating an in vitro model plant with deficient or excessive nutrient content will provide a more controlled study and allow for a better understanding of how the concentration of one element can affect the uptake of other elements. Here we designed a tissue culture-based nutrition control system to systematically analyze the effects of essential nutrients on potato plants. Insufficient or excessive nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contents were created by modifying the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Deficient to toxic plant nutrient statuses were successfully defined by the evaluation of dry biomass and morphological symptoms. The results showed that plant shoot growth, nutrient uptake and content, and nutrient interactions were all significantly impacted by the changes in the MS media nutrient concentrations. These tissue culture systems can be successfully used for further investigations of nutrient effects on potato production in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandiona Munthali
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rintaro Kinoshita
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Onishi
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aurelie Rakotondrafara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kakeru Mikami
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanori Koike
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tani
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jiwan Palta
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 490 Moore Hall, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daigo Aiuchi
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
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Santiago‐Rosario LY, Harms KE, Craven D. Contrasts among cationic phytochemical landscapes in the southern United States. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:226-241. [PMID: 37283990 PMCID: PMC10168053 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the phytochemical landscapes of essential and nonessential chemical elements to plants provides an opportunity to better link biogeochemical cycles to trophic ecology. We investigated the formation and regulation of the cationic phytochemical landscapes of four key elements for biota: Ca, Mg, K, and Na. We collected aboveground tissues of plants in Atriplex, Helianthus, and Opuntia and adjacent soils from 51, 131, and 83 sites, respectively, across the southern United States. We determined the spatial variability of these cations in plants and soils. Also, we quantified the homeostasis coefficient for each cation and genus combination, by using mixed-effect models, with spatially correlated random effects. Additionally, using random forest models, we modeled the influence of bioclimatic, soil, and spatial variables on plant cationic concentrations. Sodium variability and spatial autocorrelation were considerably greater than for Ca, Mg, or K. Calcium, Mg, and K exhibited strongly homeostatic patterns, in striking contrast to non-homeostatic Na. Even so, climatic and soil variables explained a large proportion of plants' cationic concentrations. Essential elements (Ca, Mg, and K) appeared to be homeostatically regulated, which contrasted sharply with Na, a nonessential element for most plants. In addition, we provide evidence for the No-Escape-from-Sodium hypothesis in real-world ecosystems, indicating that plant Na concentrations tend to increase as substrate Na levels increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle E. Harms
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de EcosistemasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad MayorSantiago de ChileChile
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57
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Comparative effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on Radopholus similis infection in East African highland banana plants as influenced by rhizosphere biota. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Can Machine Learning classifiers be used to regulate nutrients using small training datasets for aquaponic irrigation?: A comparative analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269401. [PMID: 35972941 PMCID: PMC9380945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent advances in the field of alternate agriculture, there has been an ever-growing demand for aquaponics as a potential substitute for traditional agricultural techniques for improving sustainable food production. However, the lack of data-driven methods and approaches for aquaponic cultivation remains a challenge. The objective of this research is to investigate statistical methods to make inferences using small datasets for nutrient control in aquaponics to optimize yield. In this work, we employed the Density-Based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (DB-SMOTE) to address dataset imbalance, and ExtraTreesClassifer and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) to choose the relevant features. Synthetic data generation techniques such as the Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling techniques were used to generate enough data points and different feature engineering techniques were used on the predictors before evaluating the performance of kernel-based classifiers with the goal of controlling nutrients in the aquaponic solution for optimal growth.[27–35]
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59
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Pham TQ, Sharma A, Coyle K, Lewis K, Siebecker MG. Metal (hydr)oxide surface precipitates and their effects on potassium sorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1037-1049. [PMID: 35723229 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface precipitation has been shown to occur on rapid time scales in clay and metal oxide mineral systems. The formation of surface precipitates is hypothesized to present new potential sorption sites for potassium (K), where K can become incorporated into newly formed interlayer spaces (e.g., between tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral stacked sheets). The objective of this study is to determine the effects of newly formed mineral surface precipitates on K sorption. Potassium adsorption experiments were conducted by utilizing Al2O3 and SiO2 sorbents in the presence of various cations (magnesium, zinc, and nickel) that helped to catalyze the formation of surface precipitates. Dissolved concentrations of elements were monitored via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Solids were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), and K surface complexation was analyzed via X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated bayerite, layered double hydroxides (LDH), and silicated LDH were formed as reaction products, thus creating new surface sites for potential K adsorption. The presence of Si increased K adsorption perhaps due to its role in the formation of LDH surface precipitates. When the differences between observed and theoretical surface area normalized K sorption densities were averaged, a 31% increase in K adsorption was observed in the presence of Si. XANES analysis indicated that the binding mechanism of K to Si is different than that of K to Al, perhaps due to the presence of inner-sphere complexation of K to Al-oxide. Samples reacted for one month versus one week yielded more intense XANES post-edge peaks which indicated that the K sorption complex changes over time. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of K fixation in soil and has high implication in providing improved K fertilizer recommendation to growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Pham
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Suite 122, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 43121, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Aakriti Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Suite 122, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Katherine Coyle
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Suite 122, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, 1200 Memorial Circle, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Katie Lewis
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Suite 122, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Matthew G Siebecker
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Suite 122, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Morphological variability of Carex buekii (Cyperaceae) as a function of soil conditions: a case study of the Central European populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11761. [PMID: 35817804 PMCID: PMC9273646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carex buekii is a highly adaptive species showing a fairly wide ecological spectrum. It belongs to the group of river corridor plants which are vulnerable to any human activity directed at transformation of river valley habitats worldwide. This study was aimed at: determining the phenotypic variability of the species in the central part of its range, examining effects of soil conditions on the sedge’s morphological traits, and finding out whether the phenotypic plasticity observed may have taxonomic implications. A total of 487 specimens from 26 populations were collected in Hungary, Poland and Slovakia and tested by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methods. The analysis involved 16 morphological traits and 7 soil parameters (organic matter, pH, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium). Soil conditions were shown to affect the C. buekii morphology; particularly important was potassium, the only soil parameter that was indicated as a factor affecting intra-specific variability. Sites with lower contents of bioavailable potassium hosted C. buekii individuals which were generally smaller than those at sites showing higher soil potassium contents. The relationship held true also with respect to generative traits important in sedge taxonomy, i.e. utricle and beak lengths. Consideration of morphological differences only, without analysing relationships between morphology and soil conditions, could have resulted in distinguishing new entities at the level of species, subspecies or variety. Thus, knowledge on the range of phenotypic plasticity in field populations seems to be of a key importance in taxonomic studies.
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Hajheidari M, Gerlach N, Dorau K, Omidbakhshfard MA, Pesch L, Hofmann J, Hallab A, Ponce-Soto GY, Kuhalskaya A, Medeiros DB, Bourceret A, Usadel B, Mayer J, Fernie A, Mansfeldt T, Sonnewald U, Bucher M. Crop genetic diversity uncovers metabolites, elements, and gene networks predicted to be associated with high plant biomass yields in maize. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac068. [PMID: 36741443 PMCID: PMC9896949 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and increasing demand for food, feed, and bioenergy in these times of unprecedented climate change require breeding for increased biomass production on the world's croplands. To accelerate breeding programs, knowledge of the relationship between biomass features and underlying gene networks is needed to guide future breeding efforts. To this end, large-scale multiomics datasets were created with genetically diverse maize lines, all grown in long-term organic and conventional cropping systems. Analysis of the datasets, integrated using regression modeling and network analysis revealed key metabolites, elements, gene transcripts, and gene networks, whose contents during vegetative growth substantially influence the build-up of plant biomass in the reproductive phase. We found that S and P content in the source leaf and P content in the root during the vegetative stage contributed the most to predicting plant performance at the reproductive stage. In agreement with the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the cis-motifs and identified transcription factors associated with upregulated genes under phosphate deficiency showed great diversity in the molecular response to phosphate deficiency in selected lines. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that genotype-dependent uptake, assimilation, and allocation of essential nutrient elements (especially C and N) during vegetative growth under phosphate starvation plays an important role in determining plant biomass by controlling root traits related to nutrient uptake. These integrative multiomics results revealed key factors underlying maize productivity and open new opportunities for efficient, rapid, and cost-effective plant breeding to increase biomass yield of the cereal crop maize under adverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristof Dorau
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - M Amin Omidbakhshfard
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lina Pesch
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Anastasiya Kuhalskaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Usadel
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany,HHU Düsseldorf, Institute of Biological Data Science, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Agroscope, Department of Agroecology and Environment, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tim Mansfeldt
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Foliar Spraying with Potassium Bicarbonate Reduces the Negative Impact of Drought Stress on Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131716. [PMID: 35807668 PMCID: PMC9268819 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to climate change assessment and research into our changing environment. The greatest economic losses worldwide are due to the negative effects of drought stress and extreme temperature on the plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties which limit crop growth and productivity. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most popular plants widely grown around the world as a spice, as well a medicinal, aromatic plant. The seedlings with 5–6 true leaves were divided into two groups, and one group of seedlings was sprayed with 10 mM potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3). Three days after potassium bicarbonate treatment, half of the plants from each group were subjected to a water deficit (drought stress), and the other half were grown under stress-free conditions (well-watered). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) on morphophysiological parameters, phenolics content and the antioxidant activity of basil under drought conditions. The application of potassium bicarbonate to drought stressed plants significantly increased the chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight, phenolics content in the two of tested cultivars, and antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Principal component analysis showed that the first factor was highly and positively related to all the investigated parameters. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the first cluster was formed by being well-watered, well-watered and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate, and grown under drought conditions and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate basil cultivars, while the second cluster was formed by all the tested cultivars grown under drought conditions.
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Li B, Guo T, Zhou W. Trehalose Outperforms Chitosan, Humic Acid and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Promoting the Growth of Field Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889615. [PMID: 35774813 PMCID: PMC9237543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that there are many distinct types of plant growth regulators (PGRs), the diverse ways in which they regulate plant development are rarely compared. In this study, four PGRs (trehalose, chitosan, humic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid) were selected and sprayed folially, and plant samples were collected while maize was at vegetative leaf stages 6, 10, and 14 (V6, V10, and V14, respectively) to reveal the effects of different PGRs on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, oxidative stress, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, hormone levels, and gene expression of maize. Results showed that 100 mg/L PGRs did not induce oxidative damage or repair activities in maize. Trehalose significantly increased chlorophyll content at V6 and promoted dry matter (roots and shoots) accumulation at V6 and V10. The activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes were significantly enhanced by trehalose treatment, which promoted the accumulation of sucrose and soluble sugar, but did not affect the biosynthesis of auxin and gibberellin at V6. Changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes are regulated by transcription of related synthetic genes. Lower starch content and higher sucrose content in trehalose-treated maize leaves are important biological characteristics. Further analysis revealed that the effect of trehalose on the metabolic activity of maize was a short-term promoting effect (0-12 days), while the effect on maize growth was a long-term cumulative effect (13-28 days). Overall, exogenous trehalose induced stronger carbon and nitrogen metabolic activity, higher photosynthetic capacity and more dry matter accumulation than chitosan, humic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Guo
- Institution of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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64
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Pathania N, Kumar A, Sharma P, Kaur A, Sharma S, Jain R. Harnessing rhizobacteria to fulfil inter-linked nutrient dependency on soil and alleviate stresses in plants. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2694-2716. [PMID: 35656999 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant rhizo-microbiome comprises of complex microbial communities that colonizes at the interphase of plant roots and soil. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere provides important ecosystem services ranging from release of essential nutrients for enhancing soil quality and improving plant health to imparting protection to plants against rising biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, PGPR serve as restoring agents to rejuvenate soil health and mediate plant fitness in the facet of changing climate. Though, it is evident that nutrients availability in soil are managed through inter-linked mechanisms, how PGPR expediate these processes remain less recognized. Promising results of PGPR inoculation on plant growth are continually reported in controlled environmental conditions, however, their field application often fails due to competition with native microbiota and low colonization efficiency in roots. The development of highly efficient and smart bacterial synthetic communities by integrating bacterial ecological and genetic features provides better opportunities for successful inoculant formulations. This review provides an overview of the inter-play between nutrient availability and disease suppression governed by rhizobacteria in soil followed by the role of synthetic bacterial communities in developing efficient microbial inoculants. Moreover, an outlook on the beneficial activities of rhizobacteria in modifying soil characteristics to sustainably boost agroecosystem functioning is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neemisha Pathania
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Avneet Kaur
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
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Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Ikuyinminu E, Feeney E, O'Connell S. Investigation of the direct effect of a precision Ascophyllum nodosum biostimulant on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:44-57. [PMID: 35306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) pollution of ground water by improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops has become an intensively investigated research topic in pursuit of a more sustainable future. Although, distinct solutions have been proposed there are only a few reports documenting the detailed interplay between observed plant growth dynamics and changes in plant N related transcriptional and biochemical changes. It was previously demonstrated that the application of a formulated biostimulant (PSI-362) derived from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) improves N uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana and in barley. In this study, the effect of PSI-362 on the growth dynamics of wheat seedlings was evaluated at different biostimulant and N supplementation rates. Wheat grown on N deficient MS medium was also analysed from the first hour of the treatment until the depletion of the nutrients in the medium 9 days later. During this time the biomass increase measured for PSI-362 treated plants versus untreated controls was associated with increased nitrate uptake, with surplus N assimilated by the biomass in the form of glutamate, glutamine, free amino acids, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll. Phenotypical and biochemical analysis were supported by evaluation of differential expression of genetic markers involved in nitrate perception and transport (TaNRT1.1/NPF6.3), nitrate and nitrite reduction (TaNR1 and TaNiR1) and assimilation (TaGDH2, TaGoGAT, TaGS1). Finally, a comparative analysis of the precision biostimulant PSI-362 and two generic ANEs demonstrated that the NUE effect greatly differs depending on the ANE formulation used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Elomofe Ikuyinminu
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Ewan Feeney
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
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66
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Raghuvanshi R, Raut VV, Pandey M, Jeyakumar S, Verulkar S, Suprasanna P, Srivastava AK. Arsenic and cadmium induced macronutrient deficiencies trigger contrasting gene expression changes in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118923. [PMID: 35104559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), two major carcinogenic heavy metals, enters into human food chain by the consumption of rice or rice-based food products. Both As and Cd disturb plant-nutrient homeostasis and hence, reduces plant growth and crop productivity. In the present study, As/Cd modulated responses were studied in non-basmati (IR-64) and basmati (PB-1) rice varieties, at physiological, biochemical and transcriptional levels. At the seedling stage, PB-1 was found more sensitive than IR-64, in terms of root biomass; however, their shoot phenotype was comparable under As and Cd stress conditions. The ionomic data revealed significant nutrient deficiencies in As/Cd treated-roots. The principal component analysis identified NH4+ as As-associated key macronutrient; while, NH4+/NO3- and K+ was majorly associated with Cd mediated response, in both IR-64 and PB-1. Using a panel of 21 transporter gene expression, the extent of nutritional deficiency was ranked in the order of PB-1(As)<IR-64(As)<PB-1(Cd)<IR-64(Cd). A feed-forward model is proposed to explain nutrient deficiency induced de-regulation of gene expression, as observed under Cd-treated IR-64 plants, which was also validated at the level of sulphur metabolism related enzymes. Using urea supplementation, as nitrogen-fertilizer, significant mitigation was observed under As stress, as indicated by 1.018- and 0.794-fold increase in shoot biomass in IR-64 and PB-1, respectively compared to that of control. However, no significant amelioration was observed in response to supplementation of urea under Cd or potassium under As/Cd stress conditions. Thus, the study pinpointed the relative significance of various macronutrients in regulating As- and Cd-tolerance and will help in designing suitable strategies for mitigating As and/or Cd stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishiraj Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, India; Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Vaibhavi V Raut
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Manish Pandey
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Subbiah Jeyakumar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Satish Verulkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Tanveer Y, Yasmin H, Nosheen A, Ali S, Ahmad A. Ameliorative effects of plant growth promoting bacteria, zinc oxide nanoparticles and oxalic acid on Luffa acutangula grown on arsenic enriched soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118889. [PMID: 35085652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and bioaccumulation are a serious threat to agricultural plants. To address this issue, we checked the efficacy of As tolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and oxalic acid (OA) in Luffa acutangula grown on As rich soil. The selected most As tolerant PGPB i.e Providencia vermicola exhibited plant growth promoting features i.e solubilzation of phosphate, potassium and siderophores production. Innovatively, we observed the synergistic effects of P. vermicola, ZnO NPs (10 ppm) and OA (100 ppm) in L. acutangula grown on As enriched soil (150 ppm). Our treatments both as alone and in combination alleviated As toxicity exhibited by better plant growth and metabolism. Results revealed significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, proline, relative water content, total sugars, proteins and indole acetic acid along with As amelioration in L. acutangula. Furthermore, upregulated plant resistance was manifested with marked reduction in the lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage and pronounced antagonism of As and zinc content in leaves under toxic conditions. These treatments also improved level of nutrients, abscisic acid and antioxidants to mitigate As toxicity. This marked improvement in plants' defense mechanism of treated plants under As stress is confirmed by less damaged leaves cell structures observed through the scanning electron micrographs. We also found substantial decrease in the As bioaccumulation in the L. acutangula shoots and roots by 40 and 58% respectively under the co-application of P. vermicola, ZnO NPs and OA in comparison with control. Moreover, the better activity of soil phosphatase and invertase was assessed under the effect of our application. These results cast a new light on the application of P. vermicola, ZnO NPs and OA in both separate and combined form as a feasible and ecofriendly tool to alleviate As stress in L. acutangula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashfa Tanveer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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68
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Koleva L, Umar A, Yasin NA, Shah AA, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Riaz L, Raza A, Javed T, Shabbir Z. Iron Oxide and Silicon Nanoparticles Modulate Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cadmium-Stressed Phaseolus vulgaris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:806781. [PMID: 35386669 PMCID: PMC8979000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.806781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) has been proved as an efficient and promising technique for mitigating a wide range of stressors in plants. The present study elucidates the synergistic effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the attenuation of Cd toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris. Seeds of P. vulgaris were treated with IONPs (10 mg/L) and SiNPs (20 mg/L). Seedlings of uniform size were transplanted to pots for 40 days. The results demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced growth, net photosynthetic rate, and gas exchange attributes in P. vulgaris plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Synergistic application of IONPs and SiNPs raised not only K+ content, but also biosynthesis of polyamines (PAs), which alleviated Cd stress in P. vulgaris seedlings. Additionally, NPs decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) in P. vulgaris plants exposed to Cd stress. These findings suggest that stress alleviation was mainly attributed to the enhanced accumulation of K+ content, improved antioxidant defense system, and higher spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) levels. It is suggested that various forms of NPs can be applied synergistically to minimize heavy metal stress, thus increasing crop production under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka Koleva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Aisha Umar
- Institute of Botany, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, RO-II Office, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Centre of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crop Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Talha Javed
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Centre of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crop Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zunera Shabbir
- Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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Lučić M, Sredović Ignjatović I, Lević S, Pećinar I, Antić M, Đurđić S, Onjia A. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of essential and toxic elements from pepper in different ripening stages using Box‐Behnken design. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Lučić
- Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Steva Lević
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Nemanjina 6 11080 Zemun
| | - Ilinka Pećinar
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Nemanjina 6 11080 Zemun
| | - Mališa Antić
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Nemanjina 6 11080 Zemun
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12‐16 11000 Belgrade
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Belgrade
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Mao Y, Yin Y, Cui X, Wang H, Su X, Qin X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Shen X. Homologous Cloning of Potassium Channel Genes From the Superior Apple Rootstock Line 12-2, Which is Tolerant to Apple Replant Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:803160. [PMID: 35154275 PMCID: PMC8826240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.803160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are important ion channels that are responsible for the absorption of potassium in the plant nutrient uptake system. In this study, we used homologous molecular cloning to obtain 8 K+ channel genes from the superior apple rootstock line 12-2 (self-named): MsAKT1-1, MsKAT3-2, MsKAT1-3, MsK2P3-4, MsK2P3-5, MsK2P5-6, MsK2P3-7, and MsK2P3-8. Their lengths varied from 942 bp (MsK2P5-6) to 2625 bp (MsAKT1-1), and the number of encoded amino acids varied from 314 (MsK2P5-6) to 874 (MsAKT1-1). Subcellular localization predictions showed that MsAKT1-1, MsKAT3-2, and MsKAT1-3 were localized on the plasma membrane, and MsK2P3-4, MsK2P3-5, MsK2P5-6, MsK2P3-7, and MsK2P3-8 were localized on the vacuole and plasma membrane. The 8 K+ channel proteins contained α helices, extended strands, β turns, and random coils. MsKAT1-3 had four transmembrane structures, MsKAT3-2 had six, and the other six K+ channel genes had five. Protein structure domain analysis showed that MsAKT1-1 contained nine protein domains, followed by MsKAT3-2 with four, MsKAT1-3 with three, and the other five two-pore domain K+ channel proteins with two. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection of the K+ channel genes showed that their expression levels were high in roots. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of the 8 genes changed after exposure to ARD stress. The above results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the functions of potassium channel genes in 12-2 and a scientific basis for the breeding of ARD-resistant rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueli Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - XiaFei Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yangbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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71
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Johnson R, Vishwakarma K, Hossen MS, Kumar V, Shackira AM, Puthur JT, Abdi G, Sarraf M, Hasanuzzaman M. Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:56-69. [PMID: 35032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants; however, its scarcity or excessive level leads to distortion of numerous functions in plants. It takes part in the control of various significant functions in plant advancement. Because of the importance index, K is regarded second after nitrogen for whole plant growth. Approximately, higher than 60 enzymes are reliant on K for activation within the plant system, in which K plays a vital function as a regulator. Potassium provides assistance in plants against abiotic stress conditions in the environment. With this background, the present paper reviews the physiological functions of K in plants like stomatal regulation, photosynthesis and water uptake. The article also focuses upon the uptake and transport mechanisms of K along with its role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and in conferring tolerance to plants against abiotic stresses. It also highlights the research progress made in the direction of K mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | | | - Md Shahadat Hossen
- Independent Researcher, C/O: Prof. Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, 182144, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, Kumar R, Alansi S, Shah AA, Kalaji HM, Javed T, Raza A. Potassium and melatonin-mediated regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity improve photosynthetic efficiency, carbon assimilation and modulate glyoxalase system accompanying tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:49-65. [PMID: 34971955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the combined action of potassium (K) and melatonin (Mel) in modulating tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants is not well understood. The present study reveals the synergistic role of K and Mel in enhancing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cd stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. The present findings reveal that seedlings subjected to Cd toxicity exhibited disturbed nutrients balance [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)], chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis [reduced δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) content and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity], pathway of carbon fixation [reduced fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity] and photosynthesis process in tomato seedlings. However, exogenous application of K and Mel alone as well as together improved physiological and biochemical mechanisms in tomato seedlings, but their combined application proved best by efficiently improving nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis (increased Chl a and b, and Total Chl), carbon flow in Calvin cycle, activity of Rubisco, carbonic anhydrase activity, and accumulation of total soluble carbohydrates content in seedlings under Cd toxicity. Furthermore, the combined treatment of K and Mel suppressed overproduction of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), Chl degradation [reduced chlorophyllase (Chlase) activity] and methylglyoxal content in Cd-stressed tomato seedlings by upregulating glyoxalase (increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activity) and antioxidant systems (increased ascorbate-glutathione metabolism). Thus, the present study provides stronger evidence that the co-application of K and Mel exhibited synergistic roles in mitigating the toxic effect of Cd stress by increasing glyoxalase and antioxidant systems and also by improving photosynthetic efficiency in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology University of Education, Lahore
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Departemnet of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Silva OPR, Oliveira AP, Cruz JMFL, Silva LDR, Sousa VFO, Farias OR, Nunes JC, Nascimento IRS, Martins JVS. Nitrogen and potassium synergism influences the yield and quality of Dioscorea cayennensis. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e263916. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate yield, quality, nematode incidence, chlorophyll content, and primary foliar macronutrients of yam in response to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. A complete randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme (5 x 5), with five nitrogen (0; 60; 120; 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of N) and five potassium doses (0; 60; 120; 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O), with four replicates. The mass, total and commercial productivity of tubers, starch content, ash, leaf N, P, and K content, chlorophyll, and nematode incidence were evaluated. The average mass of tubers obtained was 1.935 kg with doses of 133 kg ha-1 of N and 105 kg ha-1 of K2O. The dose of 178 kg ha-1 of N promoted maximum total tuber productivity (22.56 t ha-1). The doses of 132 kg ha-1 of N and 118 kg ha-1 of K2O resulted in maximum productivity of commercial tubers with 20.35 t ha-1. Leaf N and K, starch, and ash contents were within the standards for yam. The incidence of Meloidogyne, Scutellonema, and Pratylenchus reduced with the increasing simple effect doses of N and K2O. The maximum chlorophyll content was obtained at the dose of 240 kg ha-1 of N. The nitrogen and potassium interaction, despite the antagonistic effects on the accumulation of foliar P and starch, increased the productivity and average mass of commercial tubers, consequently ensuring the profitability of yam cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. C. Nunes
- Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Brasil
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74
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Ahammed GJ, Chen Y, Liu C, Yang Y. Light regulation of potassium in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:316-324. [PMID: 34954566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential macronutrient potassium (K) and environmental signal light regulate a number of vital plant biological processes related to growth, development, and stress response. Recent research has shown connections between the perception of light and the regulation of K in plants. Photoreceptors-mediated wavelength-specific light perception activates signaling cascades which mediate stomatal movement by altering K+influx/efflux via K+ channels in the guard cells. The quality, intensity, and duration of light affect the regulation of K nutrition and crop quality. Blue/red illumination or red combined blue light treatment increases the expression levels of K transporter genes, K uptake and accumulation, leading to increased lycopene synthesis and improved fruit color in tomato. Despite the commonalities of light and K in multiple functions, our understanding of light regulation of K and associated physiological and molecular processes is fragmentary. In this review, we take a look at the light-controlled K uptake and utilization in plants and propose working models to show potential mechanisms. We discuss major light signaling components, their possible involvement in K nutrition, stomatal movement and crop quality by linking the perception of light signal and subsequent regulation of K. We also pose some outstanding questions to guide future research. Our analysis suggests that the enhancement of K utilization efficiency by manipulation of light quality and light signaling components can be a promising strategy for K management in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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75
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Xu X, Wang F, Xing Y, Liu J, Lv M, Meng H, Du X, Zhu Z, Ge S, Jiang Y. Appropriate and Constant Potassium Supply Promotes the Growth of M9T337 Apple Rootstocks by Regulating Endogenous Hormones and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827478. [PMID: 35371125 PMCID: PMC8967362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an indispensable nutrient element in the development of fruit trees in terms of yield and quality. It is unclear how a stable or unstable supply of K affects plant growth. We studied the root morphology and physiological and molecular changes in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of M9T337 apple rootstock under different K levels and supply methods using hydroponics. Five K supply treatments were implemented: continuous low K (KL), initial low and then high K (KLH), appropriate and constant K (KAC), initial high and then low K (KHL), and continuous high K (KH). The results showed that the biomass, root activity, photosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the M9T337 rootstocks were inhibited under KL, KH, KLH and KHL conditions. The KAC treatment promoted root growth by optimizing endogenous hormone content, enhancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, improving photosynthesis, optimizing the distribution of carbon and nitrogen, and upregulating the transcription levels of nitrogen assimilation-related genes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, MdNRT1.1, MdNRT1.2, MdNRT1.5, MdNRT2.4). These results suggest that an appropriate and constant K supply ensures the efficient assimilation and utilization of nitrogen and carbon.
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76
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Huang P, Shen F, Abbas A, Wang H, Du Y, Du D, Hussain S, Javed T, Alamri S. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Competitive Treatments on the Growth and Antioxidant System of Wedelia trilobata and Wedelia chinensis Under High Nitrogen Concentrations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:851099. [PMID: 35401616 PMCID: PMC8988914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.851099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Appropriate application of N can improve the N use efficiency (NUE) and significantly promote plants' growth. However, under N toxic conditions, the relationship between the growth and antioxidant system of invasive plants under different N forms and competitive treatments is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the performance of invasive species Wedelia trilobata and its native species Wedelia chinensis was evaluated under two sets of N forms and ratios, namely, NH4 +-N(AN)/NO3 --N(NN) = 2:1 and NH4 +-N(AN)/NO3 --N(NN) = 1:2 along with two intraspecific and interspecific competitions under without N and high N level of 15 g N⋅m-2 year-1, respectively. Data regarding the growth indices, antioxidant enzyme activities, including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline contents were determined. Results showed that for competitive treatments, growth status was better for interspecific competition than intraspecific competition. The plant biomass of W. trilobata was significantly higher than that of W. chinensis. N significantly promoted the plants' growth in terms of leaf area and biomass yield, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased under a high N treatment than that of the control. Among N forms/ratios, ammonium N (AN)/nitrate N (NN) = 2:1 significantly enhanced the enzyme activity, particularly in W. trilobata. Furthermore, for intraspecific competition, MDA contents of W. trilobata were significantly decreased compared to that of W. chinensis. In conclusion, our results showed that W. trilobata adapted well under competitive conditions through better growth and antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Huang,
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yizhou Du
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Daolin Du,
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Talha Javed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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77
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Assessment of Non-Conventional Irrigation Water in Greenhouse Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, urbanization and subsequent environmental changes are depleting freshwater resources around the globe. The reuse of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater is an alternative approach to freshwater that can be used for irrigation purposes. However, these wastewaters may contain hazardous and toxic elements, such as heavy metals that are hazardous for human health and the environment. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the concentration of macro, micro and heavy metals in cucumber irrigated with different resources (tap water, greywater, dairy water and wastewater). The results showed that the use of different irrigation resources has increased the level of macro (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)), microelements (zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn)), and heavy metals (copper (Cu), barium (Ba), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in cucumber leaves and fruits. However, their levels were in the range that is safe for human health and the environment was as recommended by FAO maximum values of trace elements (Zn, 2.0; Fe 1.0; Mn, 0.2; Cu, 0.2; Pb, 5.0, and Cd, 0.01 mgL−1). Based on observations, it was also revealed that among different irrigation resources, the use of dairy water in cucumber improved its agronomic attributes and maximum plant yield (1191.02 g), while the different irrigation resources showed a non-significant impact on fruit diameter. However, total soluble solid contents (TSS) were more significant in cucumber fruits treated with wastewater (2.26 °brix) followed by dairy water (2.06 °brix), while the least TSS contents (1.57 °brix) were observed in cucumber plants treated with tap water. The significance of non-conventional irrigation water use in agriculture, particularly greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production, is discussed.
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78
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Kuzin A, Solovchenko A. Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122624. [PMID: 34961094 PMCID: PMC8706047 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
K (K) is of paramount importance for apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), not only for tree growth and development but also for the size and quality of fruit yield. The apple plant's demand for K varies, along with the progression of phenological phases, during the growing season. The K demand peaks during ripening of fruits featuring relatively high concentration of K comparable to that of the leaves. The mainstream method of apple tree K fertilization is through application of the fertilizer to the soils to improve K uptake by the roots. The bioavailability of K depends on assorted various factors, including pH, interaction with other nutrients in soil solution, temperature, and humidity. An important role in making the K from soil available for uptake by plants is played by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), and the specific role of the PGPM is discussed. Advantages of fertigation (the combination of irrigation and fertilization) as an approach include allowing to balance application rate of K fertilizer against its variable demand by plants during the growing season. Excess K in the soil leads to competitive inhibition of calcium uptake by plants. The K-dependent deficiency of Ca leads to its predominant channeling to the leaves and hence to its decline in fruits. Consequently, the apple fruits affected by the K/Ca imbalance frequently develop physiological disorders in storage. This emphasizes the importance of the balanced K application, especially during the last months of the growing season, depending on the crop load and the actual K demand. The potential use of modern approaches to automated crop load estimation through machine vision for adjustment of K fertilization is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kuzin
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774 Michurinsk, Russia;
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774 Michurinsk, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
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79
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Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress in the Presence of Supporting Bacteria and Fungi: An Efficient Strategy in Horticulture. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature leads to intensive water evaporation, contributing to global warming and consequently leading to drought stress. These events are likely to trigger modifications in plant physiology and microbial functioning due to the altered availability of nutrients. Plants exposed to drought have developed different strategies to cope with stress by morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical responses. First, visible changes influence plant biomass and consequently limit the yield of crops. The presented review was undertaken to discuss the impact of climate change with respect to drought stress and its impact on the performance of plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The main challenge for optimal performance of horticultural plants is the application of selected, beneficial microorganisms which actively support plants during drought stress. The most frequently described biochemical mechanisms for plant protection against drought by microorganisms are the production of phytohormones, antioxidants and xeroprotectants, and the induction of plant resistance. Rhizospheric or plant surface-colonizing (rhizoplane) and interior (endophytic) bacteria and fungi appear to be a suitable alternative for drought-stress management. Application of various biopreparations containing PGPM seems to provide hope for a relatively cheap, easy to apply and efficient way of alleviating drought stress in plants, with implications in productivity and food condition.
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80
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Rani P, Saini I, Singh N, Kaushik P, Wijaya L, Al-Barty A, Darwish H, Noureldeen A. Effect of potassium fertilizer on the growth, physiological parameters, and water status of Brassica juncea cultivars under different irrigation regimes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257023. [PMID: 34555032 PMCID: PMC8459943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially a lack of water, can significantly reduce crop yields. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical effects of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer and varied irrigation regimes on the economically significant oilseed crop, Brassica juncea L, under open field conditions. Two cultivars (RH-725 and RH-749) of B. juncea were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates. Irrigation regimes consisted of a control (double irrigation: once at the 50% flowering and another at 50% fruiting stages), early irrigation (at 50% flowering only), late irrigation (at 50% fruiting only) and stress (no irrigation). The K2SO4 applications were: control (K0, no fertilization); K1, 10 kg ha-1; and K2, 20 kg ha-1. We measured growth via fresh and dry plant weight, plant height, root length, and leaf area. All the growth parameters were higher in RH-749. The physiological attributes, including the membrane stability index and relative water content, were higher at the 50% flowering stage in RH-749. The amount of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was enhanced when both plants were fertilized during water stress. All of these enzymes had higher activity in RH-749. The total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were considerably higher in RH-749, which leaked fewer electrolytes and maintained a less destructive osmotic potential under limited water conditions. The results indicated that it is water-stress tolerant when given a high concentration of K2SO4, which alleviated the adverse effects of water stress on growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rani
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ishan Saini
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Singh
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, South Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Das S, Sarkar S, Das M, Banik P, Bhattacharya SS. Influence of soil quality factors on capsaicin biosynthesis, pungency, yield, and produce quality of chili: An insight on Csy1, Pun1, and Pun1 2 signaling responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:427-436. [PMID: 34157605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hotness or pungency is the major trait of genetically diverse and economically valuable chili (Capsicum sp.) cultivars. However, little is known about the influence of soil characteristics on genetic regulation of pungency vis-à-vis capsaicin formation in endemic chilies. Hence, the present work was conducted by growing two endemic chili cultivars in two types (alluvial and lateritic) of soil. Capsaicin content, pungency, and capsaicin synthase activity were significantly greater in chilies grown in alluvial soil than in lateritic soil. Correspondingly, Csy1, the gene that encodes capsaicin synthase, was significantly upregulated in alluvial soil grown plants. Interestingly, upregulation of Pun1, the gene responsible for capsaicin accumulation in fruits, was more in lateritic soil than in alluvial soil; but pungency was inhibited in lateritic soil by the overexpression of Pun12, a recessive allele of Pun1 locus. Statistical analyses revealed that high organic C, microbial activity, and NPK status in alluvial soil were responsible for high pungency, capsaicin synthase activity, capsaicin accumulation, and suppression of Pun12. Fruit yield, dry matter, crude protein, titratable acidity, and soluble solids were also significantly high in chilies grown in alluvial soil. Therefore, we postulate that soil quality attributes play vital roles in genetic regulation of pungency, capsaicin biosynthesis, fruit yield, and produce quality of endemic chili cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University (Pachhunga University College), Aizawl, 796001, India
| | - Subhasree Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 731 235, India
| | - Maneka Das
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, India
| | - Pabitra Banik
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, India.
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82
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Benhachem FZ, Harrache D. Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Forest Soil Near Road Traffic in Hafir, Algeria. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210614. [PMID: 34268001 PMCID: PMC8276720 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different fractions of metals, of varying origin and reactivity, are present in sediments of forest soil. Forest ecosystems are privileged sites for the deposition of persistent organic pollutants carried by the atmosphere. OBJECTIVES The present study describes the current state of metallic contamination around the Hafir forest, located southwest of Tlemcen, Algeria, based on analysis of total sediment mineralization and the speciation of each metal to examine the effects of emissions due to road traffic. METHODS The distribution and migration of ten heavy metals were studied, including cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and silver (Ag), and four major elements: potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) in the superficial horizon of forest soil (0-20 cm) at different road distances (0-1700 m), in two sampling campaigns in the dry and wet seasons around the Hafir forest, Algeria. RESULTS Bioavailability appears to be relatively low due to the small amount of metals present in the carbonate fraction and the alkaline pH. The impact of road traffic was observed in the variability of the concentrations of several trace elements in forest soil, such as Co, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd. They were generally observed at very high levels along the roadside due to dry atmospheric deposition. CONCLUSIONS The high levels of metals in the carbonate, reducible and residual phases indicate a direct influence on the environment stemming from road traffic near the forest as well as contamination from rainfall in the area. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Benhachem
- Department of Hydraulics, Institute of Sciences and Technology, University Center of Maghnia, Algeria
- Laboratory for the Application of Electrolytes and Polyelectrolytes Organic (LAEPO), Abou Beker Belkaid University, Algeria
| | - Djamila Harrache
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
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83
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Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:419. [PMID: 33672415 PMCID: PMC7927068 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem-phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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84
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Bai Q, Shen Y, Huang Y. Advances in Mineral Nutrition Transport and Signal Transduction in Rosaceae Fruit Quality and Postharvest Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:620018. [PMID: 33692815 PMCID: PMC7937644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.620018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition, taken up from the soil or foliar sprayed, plays fundamental roles in plant growth and development. Among of at least 14 mineral elements, the macronutrients nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) and the micronutrient iron (Fe) are essential to Rosaceae fruit yield and quality. Deficiencies in minerals strongly affect metabolism with subsequent impacts on the growth and development of fruit trees. This ultimately affects the yield, nutritional value, and quality of fruit. Especially, the main reason of the postharvest storage loss caused by physiological disorders is the improper proportion of mineral nutrient elements. In recent years, many important mineral transport proteins and their regulatory components are increasingly revealed, which make drastic progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms for mineral nutrition (N, P, K, Ca, and Fe) in various aspects including plant growth, fruit development, quality, nutrition, and postharvest storage. Importantly, many studies have found that mineral nutrition, such as N, P, and Fe, not only affects fruit quality directly but also influences the absorption and the content of other nutrient elements. In this review, we provide insights of the mineral nutrients into their function, transport, signal transduction associated with Rosaceae fruit quality, and postharvest storage at physiological and molecular levels. These studies will contribute to provide theoretical basis to improve fertilizer efficient utilization and fruit industry sustainable development.
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85
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Tan B, Li Y, Liu T, Tan X, He Y, You X, Leong KH, Liu C, Li L. Response of Plant Rhizosphere Microenvironment to Water Management in Soil- and Substrate-Based Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Systems: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691651. [PMID: 34456936 PMCID: PMC8385539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As natural agroecology deteriorates, controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems become the backup support for coping with future resource consumption and potential food crises. Compared with natural agroecology, most of the environmental parameters of the CEA system rely on manual management. Such a system is dependent and fragile and prone to degradation, which includes harmful bacteria proliferation and productivity decline. Proper water management is significant for constructing a stabilized rhizosphere microenvironment. It has been proved that water is an efficient tool for changing the availability of nutrients, plant physiological processes, and microbial communities within. However, for CEA issues, relevant research is lacking at present. The article reviews the interactive mechanism between water management and rhizosphere microenvironments from the perspectives of physicochemical properties, physiological processes, and microbiology in CEA systems. We presented a synthesis of relevant research on water-root-microbes interplay, which aimed to provide detailed references to the conceptualization, research, diagnosis, and troubleshooting for CEA systems, and attempted to give suggestions for the construction of a high-tech artificial agricultural ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiegang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueji You
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liu,
| | - Longguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Longguo Li,
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Fang XZ, Fang SQ, Ye ZQ, Liu D, Zhao KL, Jin CW. NRT1.1 Dual-Affinity Nitrate Transport/Signalling and its Roles in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715694. [PMID: 34497626 PMCID: PMC8420879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NRT1.1 is the first nitrate transport protein cloned in plants and has both high- and low-affinity functions. It imports and senses nitrate, which is modulated by the phosphorylation on Thr101 (T101). Structural studies have revealed that the phosphorylation of T101 either induces dimer decoupling or increases structural flexibility within the membrane, thereby switching the NRT1.1 protein from a low- to high-affinity state. Further studies on the adaptive regulation of NRT1.1 in fluctuating nitrate conditions have shown that, at low nitrate concentrations, nitrate binding only at the high-affinity monomer initiates NRT1.1 dimer decoupling and priming of the T101 site for phosphorylation activated by CIPK23, which functions as a high-affinity nitrate transceptor. However, nitrate binding in both monomers retains the unmodified NRT1.1, maintaining the low-affinity mode. This NRT1.1-mediated nitrate signalling and transport may provide a key to improving the efficiency of plant nitrogen use. However, recent studies have revealed that NRT1.1 is extensively involved in plant tolerance of several adverse environmental conditions. In this context, we summarise the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of NRT1.1 dual-affinity nitrate transport/signalling and focus on its expected and unexpected roles in plant abiotic stress resistance and their regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhi Fang,
| | - Shu Qin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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87
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Popovic M, Minceva M. Standard Thermodynamic Properties, Biosynthesis Rates, and the Driving Force of Growth of Five Agricultural Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671868. [PMID: 34135926 PMCID: PMC8202407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elemental composition of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Oryza sativa L. (Asian rice), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean), Saccharum spp. L. (sugarcane), and Zea mays L. (corn) was used to calculate their empirical formulas (unit carbon formulas) and growth stoichiometry. The empirical formulas were used to find standard enthalpy of formation, standard molar entropy, standard Gibbs energy of formation, and standard molar heat capacity. A comparison was made between thermodynamic properties of live matter of the analyzed plants and other unicellular and multicellular organisms. Moreover, the growth process was analyzed through standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of biosynthesis. The average standard Gibbs energy of biosynthesis was found to be +463.0 kJ/C-mol. Thus, photosynthesis provides energy and carbon for plant growth. The average intercepted photosynthetic energy was found to be 15.5 MJ/C-mol for the analyzed plants. However, due to inefficiency, a great fraction of the intercepted photosynthetic energy cannot be used by plants. The average usable photosynthetic energy was found to be -2.3 MJ/C-mol. The average thermodynamic driving force for growth is -1.9 MJ/C-mol. Driving forces of growth of C3 and C4 plants were compared. It was found that C4 plants have a greater driving force of growth than C3 plants, which reflects the greater efficiency of C4 photosynthesis. The relationship between the driving force and growth rates was analyzed by determining phenomenological L coefficients. The determined phenomenological coefficients span two orders of magnitude, depending on plant species and environmental conditions. The L coefficient of P. vulgaris was found to be lower than that of other plants, due to additional energy requirements of nitrogen fixation.
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88
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Leonteva L. Influence of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and productivity of columnar apple. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213603011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The columnar form of apple tree is promising for growing in super-intensive orchards. The mineral nutrition study of apple tree with columnar crown is relevant due to high density of tree planting. The article presents the study results on the effect of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and the yield of columnar apple tree. The experiments were carried out in an experimental orchard located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is loamy haplic Luvisol with a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by columnar apple trees of Poezia variety on 62-396 rootstock planted in 2016. Urea ((NH2)2CO) and potassium sulfate (K2 SO4) were used as fertilizers in doses of N60K80; N90K120; N120K160 which were introduced in early spring. The content of exchange potassium in the soil was determined annually in layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), the concentration of potassium in leaves and fruits, yield. The use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the exchange potassium content in the soil both in the 0-20 cm layer (45 - 53%) and in the 20-40 cm layer (18-31%). The amount of potassium in leaves and fruits also increased. However, potassium concentration in the leaves (0.77 … 0.95% dry matter) remained significantly below the optimum (1.5% dry matter). A significant increase in the average fruit weight was revealed in options N90K120 and N120K160.
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Zhang X, Wang G, Xue H, Zhang J, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Metabolite Profile of Xylem Sap in Cotton Seedlings Is Changed by K Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:592591. [PMID: 33362821 PMCID: PMC7758293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.592591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap, belonging to the plant apoplast, not only provides plant tissues with inorganic and organic substances but also facilitates communication between the roots and the leaves and coordinates their development. This study investigated the effects of potassium (K) deficiency on the morphology and the physiology of cotton seedlings as well as pH, mineral nutrient contents, and metabolites of xylem sap. In particular, we compared changes in root-shoot communication under low K (LK) and normal K (NK, control) levels. Compared to control, LK stress significantly decreased seedling biomass (leaf, stem, and root dry weight; stem and root length; root surface area and root volume) and the levels of K, Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), and Zn (zinc) in xylem sap. A total of 82 metabolites in sap analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) showed significant differences between the two conditions; among these, 38 were up-regulated more than 2-fold, while the others were down-regulated less than 0.5-fold. In particular, several metabolites found in the cell membrane including three cholines (glycerophosphatecholine, 2-hexenylcholine, and caproylcholine) and desglucocoroloside and others such as malondialdehyde, α-amino acids and derivatives, sucrose, and sugar alcohol significantly increased under LK stress, indicating that cell membranes were damaged and protein metabolism was abnormal. It is worth noting that glycerophosphocholine was up-regulated 29-fold under LK stress, indicating that it can be used as an important signal of root-shoot communication. Furthermore, in pathway analyses, 26 metabolites were matched to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; L-aspartic acid, which was associated with 10 KEGG pathways, was the most involved metabolite. Overall, K deficiency reduced the antioxidant capacity of cotton seedlings and led to a metabolic disorder including elevated levels of primary metabolites and inhibited production of secondary metabolites. This eventually resulted in decreased biomass of cotton seedlings under LK stress. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on targeted metabolites and signal substances in the xylem sap of cotton plants exposed to K deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiyun Xue
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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