51
|
Liu S, Liu Y, Liu Z, Hu Y, Jiang M. A review of the signaling pathways of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:866-879. [PMID: 36890781 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As people's lifestyles and diets change, the incidence of AS increases yearly. Physical activity and exercise training have recently been identified as effective strategies for lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the best exercise mode to ameliorate the risk factors related to AS is not clear. The effect of exercise on AS is affected by the type of exercise, intensity, and duration. In particular, aerobic and anaerobic exercise are the two most widely discussed types of exercise. During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes physiological changes via various signaling pathways. The review aims to summarize signaling pathways related to AS in two different exercise types and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Liu
- The QUEEN MARY School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhe Liu
- Medical Collage of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- The QUEEN MARY School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yansong Hu
- The QUEEN MARY School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meixiu Jiang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Deng L, Jian Z, Xu T, Li F, Deng H, Zhou Y, Lai S, Xu Z, Zhu L. Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052379. [PMID: 36903624 PMCID: PMC10005642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Li C, Wang S, Ma X, Wang T, Lu R, Jia X, Leng Z, Kong X, Zhang J, Li L. Ranitidine as an adjuvant regulates macrophage polarization and activates CTLs through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109729. [PMID: 37800555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are an indispensable component of vaccines, but there are few adjuvants for human vaccines. H2 receptor blockers, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, have immune enhancement effects. Ranitidine (RAN) is a water-soluble H2 receptor blocker, and whether it has an immune-enhancing effect is still unknown. In this study, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyze whether RAN could activate macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Here, we found that the M1 inflammatory cytokine levels and surface markers in RAW264.7 cells were upregulated by NF-κB activation, possibly through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway, after RAN treatment. Endocytic function was also enhanced by feedback regulation of Akt2/GSK3β/Dynmin1 signaling. Furthermore, to evaluate the adjuvant function of RAN, we used OVA plus RAN as a vaccine to inhibit the growth of B16-OVA tumors in mice. We also found that in the RAN adjuvant group, macrophage polarization to M1, Th1 cell differentiation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation were significantly upregulated. The tumor growth of mice was inhibited, and the survival rate of mice was significantly improved. This study provides new evidence for the mechanism by which RAN activates the immune response and is expected to provide a new strategy for the research and development of tumor vaccine adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xihui Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Leng
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaowen Kong
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wu X, Wang S, Sui W, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang M. Heterogeneity of macrophages in atherosclerosis revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22810. [PMID: 36786718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201932rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Technology at the single-cell level has advanced dramatically in characterizing molecular heterogeneity. These technologies have enabled cell subtype diversity to be seen in all tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques. Critical in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression are macrophages. Previous studies have only determined macrophage phenotypes within the plaque, mainly by bulk analysis. However, recent progress in single-cell technologies now enables the comprehensive mapping of macrophage subsets and phenotypes present in plaques. In this review, we have updated and discussed the definition and classification of macrophage subsets in mice and humans using single-cell RNA sequencing. We summarized the different classification methods and perspectives: traditional classification with an updated scoring system, inflammatory macrophages, foamy macrophages, and atherosclerotic-resident macrophages. In addition, some special types of macrophages were identified by specific markers, including IFN-inducible and cavity macrophages. Furthermore, we discussed macrophage subset-specific markers and their functions. In the future, these novel insights into the characteristics and phenotypes of these macrophage subsets within atherosclerotic plaques can provide additional therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen H, Zhang L, Zuo M, Lou X, Liu B, Fu T. Inhibition of apoptosis through AKT-mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer and renal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1210-1227. [PMID: 36849137 PMCID: PMC10008491 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer and renal cancer are malignant tumors; however, the relationship between TTK Protein Kinase (TTK), AKT-mTOR pathway and ovarian cancer, renal cancer remains unclear. METHODS Download GSE36668 and GSE69428 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Created protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Used Gene Ontology analysis (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for functional enrichment analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis and survival analysis were performed. Created animal model for western blot analysis. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was performed to explore the role of TTK on the overall survival of renal cancer. RESULTS GO showed that DEGs were enriched in anion and small molecule binding, and DNA methylation. KEGG analysis presented that they mostly enriched in cholesterol metabolism, type 1 diabetes, sphingolipid metabolism, ABC transporters, etc., TTK, mTOR, p-mTOR, AKT, p-AKT, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1 and Bcl-2 are highly expressed in ovarian cancer, Bax, Caspase3 are lowly expressed in ovarian cancer, cell apoptosis is inhibited, leading to deterioration of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the TTK was not only the hub biomarker of ovarian cancer, but also one significant hub gene of renal cancer, and its expression was up-regulated in the renal cancer. Compared with the renal cancer patients with low expression of TTK, the patients with high expression of TTK have the poor overall survival (P = 0.0021). CONCLUSION TTK inhibits apoptosis through AKT-mTOR pathway, worsening ovarian cancer. And TTK was also one significant hub biomarker of renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongrun Chen
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Meini Zuo
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Xiaowen Lou
- Department of Social Work, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Taozhu Fu
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wang T, Yu M, Li H, Qin S, Ren W, Ma Y, Bo W, Xi Y, Cai M, Tian Z. FNDC5/Irisin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Mediates the Aerobic Exercise-Induced Improvement of Liver Injury after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044159. [PMID: 36835571 PMCID: PMC9962088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes peripheral organ injury, in addition to cardiac dysfunction, including in the liver, which is known as cardiac hepatopathy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can effectively improve liver injury, although the mechanism and targets are currently not well established. Irisin, mainly produced by cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise training. In this study, we detected the effect of AE on MI-induced liver injury and explored the role of irisin alongside the benefits of AE. Wildtype and Fndc5 knockout mice were used to establish an MI model and subjected to AE intervention. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rhirisin, and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The results showed that AE significantly promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and improved MI-induced inflammation, upregulated endogenous irisin protein expression and activated the PI3K/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the liver of MI mice, while knockout of Fndc5 attenuated the beneficial effects of AE. Exogenous rhirisin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response, which was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that AE could effectively activate the FNDC5/irisin-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promote the polarization of M2 macrophages, and inhibit the inflammatory response of the liver after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Hangzhuo Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Shuguang Qin
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Z.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Gao Y, Dai W, Ouyang Z, Shen M, Shi X. Dendrimer-Mediated Intracellular Delivery of Fibronectin Guides Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:886-895. [PMID: 36668816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an essential glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix with favorable biological functions for potential applications in various biomedical fields including wound healing, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, as well as diagnosis and treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the influence of intracellular FN delivery on macrophage functions and its possible therapeutic applications. We prepared phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G5.NH2-PBA) as a nanocarrier to load FN, and reveal that the obtained dendrimers enable efficient intracellular delivery of FN at an optimized dendrimer-to-FN weight ratio of 8, which guides macrophages toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype polarization. Studies on action mechanisms show that the dendrimer-mediated FN intracellular delivery acts strongly on suppressing the nuclear factor-κB pathway, leading to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhanced reactive oxygen species depletion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Further investigation in vivo using an LPS-induced mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) shows that the dendrimer-mediated FN delivery can effectively alleviate the ALI symptoms through alleviation of lung inflammation and oxidation stress. Our work suggests a general approach to using dendrimers for mediating intracellular delivery of FN, thereby offering many opportunities to explore the biological functions of FN for different therapeutic applications toward inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Waicong Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,CQM─Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates is the most common pulmonary disease that causes neonatal mortality, has complex pathogenesis, and lacks effective treatment. It is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The occurrence and development of BPD involve various factors, of which premature birth is the most crucial reason for BPD. Under the premise of abnormal lung structure and functional product, newborns are susceptible to damage to oxides, free radicals, hypoxia, infections and so on. The most influential is oxidative stress, which induces cell death in different ways when the oxidative stress balance in the body is disrupted. Increasing evidence has shown that programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, plays a significant role in the molecular and biological mechanisms of BPD and the further development of the disease. Understanding the mode of PCD and its signaling pathways can provide new therapeutic approaches and targets for the clinical treatment of BPD. This review elucidates the mechanism of BPD, focusing on the multiple types of PCD in BPD and their molecular mechanisms, which are mainly based on experimental results obtained in rodents.
Collapse
|
59
|
Structural elucidation and immunoregulatory activity of a new polysaccharide obtained from the edible part of Scapharca subcrenata. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
60
|
The Response of Macrophages in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031101. [PMID: 36769749 PMCID: PMC9917612 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) is common in critically ill patients and often leads to poor prognosis. At present, the pathogenesis of SAKI has not been fully clarified, and there is no effective treatment. Macrophages are immune cells that play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAKI. The phenotype and role of macrophages can vary from early to later stages of SAKI. Elucidating the role of macrophages in SAKI will be beneficial to its diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews past studies describing the role of macrophages in SAKI, with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
61
|
Huang P, Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Qin M, Ji J, Wei D, Ren L. Icariin alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating the miR-205-5p/ERBB4/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109611. [PMID: 36700779 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a cardiovascular disease that has become a major threat to public health worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the effect and mechanism of icariin (ICA) in treating atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE-/- mouse AS modeling, ELISA, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were conducted to explore whether icariin has a therapeutic effect on AS. The microRNA (miRNA) chips for ICA treatment of ApoE-/- AS mice were developed; in silico analyses were performed, and signaling pathways were identified. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) was used to induce human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) to build an in vitro AS cell model. Moreover, miR-205-5p was silenced. Finally, cell viability was detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and Western blot, and cell migration by the scratch test. RESULTS ICA could reduce lipid accumulation in the blood vessels of mice and plaque formation to treat AS. ICA promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell migration of HAVSMCs induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, cell proliferation and migration were inhibited via ICA, which was restored by miR-205-5p silencing. CONCLUSION ICA can alleviate AS and inhibit the proliferation and migration of HAVSMCs induced by ox-LDL, potentially mediated by the upregulation of miR-205-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Songyuan Central Hospital, Songyuan, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahua Ji
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexian Wei
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Xia T, Zhang M, Lei W, Yang R, Fu S, Fan Z, Yang Y, Zhang T. Advances in the role of STAT3 in macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160719. [PMID: 37081874 PMCID: PMC10110879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological processes of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are closely related to STAT3, and it has been demonstrated that aberrant STAT3 expression has an impact on the onset and progression of a number of inflammatory immunological disorders, fibrotic diseases, and malignancies. In order to produce the necessary biological effects, macrophages (M0) can be polarized into pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) types in response to various microenvironmental stimuli. STAT3 signaling is involved in macrophage polarization, and the research of the effect of STAT3 on macrophage polarization has gained attention in recent years. In order to provide references for the treatment and investigation of disorders related to macrophage polarization, this review compiles the pertinent signaling pathways associated with STAT3 and macrophage polarization from many fundamental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ruilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Xu Z, Wu L, Tang Y, Xi K, Tang J, Xu Y, Xu J, Lu J, Guo K, Gu Y, Chen L. Spatiotemporal Regulation of the Bone Immune Microenvironment via Dam-Like Biphasic Bionic Periosteum for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201661. [PMID: 36189833 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The bone immune microenvironment (BIM) regulates bone regeneration and affects the prognosis of fractures. However, there is currently no effective strategy that can precisely modulate macrophage polarization to improve BIM for bone regeneration. Herein, a hybridized biphasic bionic periosteum, inspired by the BIM and functional structure of the natural periosteum, is presented. The gel phase is composed of genipin-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan and collagen self-assembled hybrid hydrogels, which act as the "dam" to intercept IL-4 released during the initial burst from the bionic periosteum fiber phase, thus maintaining the moderate inflammatory response of M1 macrophages for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and vascular sprouting at the acute fracture. With the degradation of the gel phase, released IL-4 cooperates with collagen to promote the polarization towards M2 macrophages, which reconfigure the local microenvironment by secreting PDGF-BB and BMP-2 to improve vascular maturation and osteogenesis twofold. In rat cranial defect models, the controlled regulation of the BIM is validated with the temporal transition of the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory process to achieve faster and better bone defect repair. This strategy provides a drug delivery system that constructs a coordinated BIM, so as to break through the predicament of the contradiction between immune response and bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kaijin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zhang M, Liu K, Zhang Q, Xu J, Liu J, Lin H, Lin B, Zhu M, Li M. Alpha fetoprotein promotes polarization of macrophages towards M2-like phenotype and inhibits macrophages to phagocytize hepatoma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1081572. [PMID: 36911723 PMCID: PMC9995430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) is a cancer biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC); however, its role in macrophage polarization and phagocytosis remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the correlation between AFP regulation of macrophage function and the possible regulatory mechanisms. Human mononuclear leukemia cells (THP-1) and monocytes from healthy donors were used to analyze the effect of AFP on the macrophages' phenotype and phagocytosis. THP-1 cells and healthy human donor-derived monocytes were polarized into M0 macrophages induced by phorbol ester (PMA), and M0 macrophages were polarized into M1 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). Interleukin-4(IL-4) and interleukin-13(IL-13) were used to induce M0 macrophage polarization into M2 macrophages. Tumor-derived AFP(tAFP) stimulated M0 macrophage polarization into M2 macrophages and inhibited M1 macrophages to phagocytize HCC cells. The role of AFP in promoting macrophage polarization into M2 macrophages and inhibiting the M1 macrophages to phagocytize HCC cells may be involved in activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. AFP could also enhanced the migration ability of macrophages and inhibited the apoptosis of HCC cells when co-cultured with M1-like macrophages. AFP is a pivotal cytokine that inhibits macrophages to phagocytize HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minni Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Junnv Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinchen Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Hiakou, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhu Y, Tian X, Wang Y, Wang C, Yang N, Ying L, Niu H. Inhibition of lncRNA NFIA-AS1 Alleviates Abnormal Proliferation and Inflammation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis by Regulating miR-125a-3p/AKT1 Axis. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:8437898. [PMID: 37056786 PMCID: PMC10089782 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8437898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical elements of the vascular wall and play a crucial role in the genesis and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Increasingly, studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. Nevertheless, the role of lncRNA NFIA-AS1 (hereinafter referred to as NFIA-AS1) in VSMCs and AS remains unclear. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of NFIA-AS1 and miR-125a-3p. CCK-8 and EdU staining were performed to detect VSMC proliferation. VSMC apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of various proteins was detected using western blotting. The levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by VSMCs were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding sites of NFIA-AS1 and miR-125a-3p, as well as miR-125a-3p and AKT1, were analyzed using bioinformatics methods and validated using a luciferase reporter assay. The function of NFIA-AS1/miR-125a-3p/AKT1 in VSMCs was clarified through loss- and gain-of-functional experiments. We confirmed that NFIA-AS1 was highly expressed in AS tissues and VSMCs induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). Knockdown of NFIA-AS1 restrained the exceptional growth of Ox-LDL-induced VSMCs, promoted their apoptosis, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors and expression of adhesion factors. In addition, NFIA-AS1 regulated the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response of VSMCs through the miR-125a-3p/AKT1 axis, suggesting that NFIA-AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Chengxiang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Naiquan Yang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Lianghong Ying
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| | - Hongyan Niu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 60, Huaihai Road (South), Huaian 223002, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Huang J, Chen L, Wu J, Ai D, Zhang JQ, Chen TG, Wang L. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Human Diseases: Current Status, Trends, and Solutions. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16033-16061. [PMID: 36503229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the most important intracellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival. Therefore, this route is a prospective biological target for treating various human diseases, such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, and diabetes. An increasing number of clinical studies emphasize the necessity of developing novel molecules targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in ATP-competitive inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors, covalent inhibitors, and proteolysis-targeting chimeras against the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and highlights possible solutions for overcoming the toxicities and acquired drug resistance of currently available drugs. We also provide recommendations for the future design and development of promising drugs targeting this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangxia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daiqiao Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 109, Building C, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Liu Z, Zhou Y, Xia J. CircRNAs: Key molecules in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
68
|
Ding Y, Yang P, Li S, Zhang H, Ding X, Tan Q. Resveratrol accelerates wound healing by inducing M2 macrophage polarisation in diabetic mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2328-2337. [PMID: 36469602 PMCID: PMC9728132 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2149821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The reduction in M2 macrophage polarisation plays a major role during diabetic wound healing. Resveratrol (RSV) can promote the polarisation of M2 macrophages and accelerate diabetic wound healing. However, the specific mechanism by which RSV regulates M2 macrophage polarisation to promote diabetic wound healing is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness of RSV on diabetic wound healing and analysed the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS STZ-induced C57/B6 mice were used as a diabetic mice model for a period of 15 days. RSV (10 μmol/L) was injected around the wound to evaluate the effect of RSV on the healing process of diabetic wounds. The human monocyte line THP-1 was used to evaluate the effects of RSV (10 μmol/L) on polarisation of M2 macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. RESULTS In vivo, RSV significantly increased diabetic wound healing (p < 0.05) and make the regenerated skin structure more complete. And it promoted the expression of α-SMA and Collagen I (p < 0.05). Moreover, RSV reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β) (p < 0.05) and promoted M2 macrophage polarisation by increasing Arg-1 and CD206 expression (p < 0.01). In vitro, RSV promoted the polarisation of M2 macrophages (p < 0.001) and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) (p < 0.05). The therapeutic effects of RSV were all significantly reversed with LY294002 (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RSV has the positive effects on promoting the acceleration and quality of skin wound healing, which provides a scientific basis for clinical treatment in diabetic wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University (Zhenjiang Fourth People’s Hospital), Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Anqing Shihua Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Anqing, China
- CONTACT Qian Tan Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Roh PR, Kim SM, Kang BY, Mun KD, Park JG, Kang MW, Hur W, Han JW, Nam H, Yoon SK, Sung PS. Tenofovir alafenamide alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by blocking the phosphorylation of AKT in intrahepatic mononuclear phagocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
70
|
Xie Y, Chen H, Qu P, Qiao X, Guo L, Liu L. Novel insight on the role of Macrophages in atherosclerosis: Focus on polarization, apoptosis and efferocytosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
71
|
Wang J, Wang N, Zheng Z, Che Y, Suzuki M, Kano S, Lu J, Wang P, Sun Y, Homma A. Exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR induce macrophages to M2 polarization via PI3K/ p-AKT /AKT pathway and promote EMT and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1208. [PMID: 36424539 PMCID: PMC9686105 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a new way of the communication between the tumor cell and macrophage in the micro-environment. The macrophage can be induced to different phenotypes according to the different tumors. In the present study, long-chain noncoding RNA HOTAIR (lncRNA HOTAIR) was highly expressed in LSCC and exosomes. The pathway of exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR inducing macrophage to M2 polarization in the LSCC was investigated. The carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from 104 LSCC cases, and the positive relationship between CD163-/CD206-M2 macrophage infiltration and clinical phase, lymph node spreading and pathological phase in LSCC was observed. To examine the role of exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR, macrophages were co-cultured with LSCC-exosomes of high lncRNA HOTAIR expression or transferred with HOTAIR mimics. It was suggested that exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR can induce macrophages to M2 polarization by PI3K/p-AKT/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, exo-treated M2 macrophages facilitate the migration, proliferation, and EMT of LSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlu Che
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jianguang Lu
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Akihiro Homma
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Liu X, Xiao X, Han X, Yao L, Lan W. A New Therapeutic Trend: Natural Medicine for Ameliorating Ischemic Stroke via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227963. [PMID: 36432062 PMCID: PMC9694461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden arterial occlusion, which is characterized by a high morbidity, mortality, and disability rate. It is one of the most important causes of nervous system morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent years, the search for new medicine for the treatment of IS has become an attractive research focus. Due to the extremely limited time window of traditional medicine treatment, some side effects may occur, and accompanied by the occurrence of adverse reactions, the frequency of exploration with natural medicine is significantly increased. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway is a classical pathway for cell metabolism, growth, apoptosis, and other physiological activities. There is considerable research on medicine that treats various diseases through this pathway. This review focuses on how natural medicines (including herbs and insects) regulate important pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the role it plays in improving IS. We found that many kinds of herbal medicine and insect medicine can alleviate the damage caused by IS through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the prescription after their combination can also achieve certain results. Therefore, this review provides a new candidate category for medicine development in the treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Xu B, He Y, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Song W. In Situ Growth of Tunable Gold Nanoparticles by Titania Nanotubes Templated Electrodeposition for Improving Osteogenesis through Modulating Macrophages Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50520-50533. [PMID: 36330544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Driving macrophages M2 polarization has attracted growing attention for improving osteogenesis. Here, the in situ growth of tunable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on titania nanotubes (TiNTs) array was realized by electrodeposition, with the guidance of TiNTs. The fabricated Au layer showed excellent biocompatibility with different osteoimmune effects. Briefly, the Au deposition on 5 and 10 V anodized TiNTs surface could induce RAW264.7 cells to M2 polarization, whereas the Au deposition on 20 V anodized TiNTs surface showed M1 polarization, as indicated by various markers determination through immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Furthermore, the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 was significantly enhanced by the macrophages conditioned medium from the Au@10VNTs surface. The in vivo tests also confirmed denser and thicker new trabecula bone formation and more M2 macrophages infiltration both on and adjacent to the Au@10VNTs implant surface. In mechanism, the cytokine array analysis of macrophages conditioned medium from the Au@10VNTs surface revealed the upregulation of pro-healing cytokines such as IL-10 and VEGF and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and MCSF. In addition, the NF-κB pathway was significantly inhibited. In conclusion, the electrodeposition of a Au layer guided by TiNTs is a promising strategy for reducing postoperative inflammatory reactions and improving osseointegration through modulating macrophages polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yide He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kerneur C, Cano CE, Olive D. Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026954. [PMID: 36325334 PMCID: PMC9618889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Carla E. Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Gharavi AT, Hanjani NA, Movahed E, Doroudian M. The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:83. [PMID: 36192691 PMCID: PMC9528143 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of features, involving the migration, development, and organization of the cells. There is mounting evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the initiation and development of a wide range of diseases. This study aims to give an overview of macrophage polarization, their different subtypes, and the importance of alternatively activated M2 macrophage and classically activated M1 macrophage in immune responses and pathological conditions. This review provides insight on the role of exosomes in M1/M2-like macrophage polarization and their potential as a promising therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Teflischi Gharavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Niloofar Asadi Hanjani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Elaheh Movahed
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New Year, USA
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Liu Y, Zhong H, Xu P, Zhou A, Ding L, Qiu J, Wu H, Dai M. Deciphering the combination mechanisms of Gualou–Xiebai herb pair against atherosclerosis by network pharmacology and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941400. [PMID: 36120369 PMCID: PMC9476847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gualou (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim)–Xiebai (Allium macrostemon Bunge) (GLXB) is a well-known herb pair against atherosclerosis (AS). However, the combination mechanisms of GLXB herb pair against AS remain unclear. Objective: To compare the difference in efficacy between GLXB herb pair and the single herbs and to explore the combination mechanisms of GLXB against AS in terms of compounds, targets, and signaling pathways. Methods: The combined effects of GLXB were evaluated in AS mice. The main compounds of GLXB were identified via quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UNIFI informatics platforms. The united mechanisms of GLXB in terms of nodes, key interactions, and functional clusters were realized by network pharmacology. At last, the anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of GLXB were validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot in AS mice. Results: The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) were more significant than those of Gualou (4 g/kg) and Xiebai (2 g/kg) alone. From the GLXB herb pair, 48 main components were identified. In addition, the GLXB herb pair handled more anti-atherosclerotic targets and more signaling pathways than Gualou or Xiebai alone, whereas 10 key targets of GLXB were found using topological analysis. Furthermore, the GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could suppress the inflammatory target levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, ALOX5, PTGS2, and p-p38 in AS mice. GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could also ameliorate endothelial growth and function by regulating the levels of VEGFA, eNOS, p-AKT, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and reducing macrophage adhesion to vascular wall in AS mice. GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could improve the blood lipid levels in AS mice. In addition, the regulating effects of GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) on levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, ALOX5, VEGFA, eNOS, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and blood lipids were more significant than those of Gualou (4 g/kg) or Xiebai alone (2 g/kg). Conclusion: The combination mechanisms of the GLXB herb pair were elucidated in terms of components, targets, and signaling pathways, which may be related to suppressing inflammation, regulating vascular endothelial growth/function, and improving blood lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhou, ; Hongfei Wu, ,
| | - Lidan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingwen Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhou, ; Hongfei Wu, ,
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ma E, Jin L, Qian C, Feng C, Zhao Z, Tian H, Yang D. Bioinformatics-Guided Identification of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as a Functional Food Ingredient with Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175435. [PMID: 36080202 PMCID: PMC9457579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is one of the most commonly used food supplements and folk medicines worldwide, and possesses cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory protective effects partially through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. The unique aromatic flavor and mild side effects make CRP a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory functional food. However, recent studies show that the crude alcoholic extract and some isolated compounds of CRP show compromised anti-inflammatory activity, which became the main factor hindering its further development. To identify the bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, and improve the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, a bioinformatics-guided extraction protocol was employed in this study. The potential bioactive candidates were identified by combing network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, principal components analysis, k-means clustering, and in vitro testing of reference compounds. Our results demonstrated that 66 compounds in CRP could be grouped into four clusters according to their docking score profile against 24 receptors, while the cluster containing flavonoids and phenols might possess a more promising anti-inflammatory function. In addition, in vitro anti-inflammatory tests of the seven reference compounds demonstrated that hesperitin, naringenin, and gardenin B, which were grouped into a cluster containing flavonoids and phenols, significantly decreased LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production of macrophages. While the compounds outside of that cluster, such as neohesperidin, naringin, hesperidin, and sinensetin showed little effect on alleviating LPS-induced NO and proinflammatory cytokine production. Based on the chemical properties of selected compounds, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was selected as the solvent for extraction, because of its promising solubility of flavonoids and phenols. Furthermore, the ethanol alcoholic extract was used as a reference. The chemical profiling of EtOAc and crude alcoholic extract by HPLC/MS/MS also demonstrated the decreased abundance of flavonoid glycosides in EtOAc extract but increased abundance of phenols, phenolic acid, and aglycones. In accordance with the prediction, the EtOAc extract of CRP, but not the crude alcoholic extract, significantly decreased the NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Taken together, the results suggested selective extraction of phenols and flavonoids rich extract was able to increase the anti-inflammatory potential of CRP partially because of the synergistic effects between flavonoids, phenols, and enriched polymethoxyflavones. Our study might pave the road for the development of ethyl acetate extract of CRP as a novel functional food with anti-inflammatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enyao Ma
- Guangdong Hanchao Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510163, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Chunguo Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Guangzhou Caizhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510360, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongru Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
López-Mateo I, Rodríguez-Muñoz D, de La Rosa JV, Castrillo A, Alemany S, Aranda A. Regulation of metabolic and transcriptional responses by the thyroid hormone in cellular models of murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923727. [PMID: 35935955 PMCID: PMC9353060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages are considered to be a good model for the study of immune cell functions, but the factors required for their survival and proliferation are still unknown. Although the effect of the thyroid hormones on global metabolic and transcriptional responses in macrophages has not yet been examined, there is increasing evidence that they could modulate macrophage functions. We show here that the thyroid hormone T3 is an absolute requirement for the growth of immortal macrophages. The hormone regulates the activity of the main signaling pathways required for proliferation and anabolic processes, including the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs, AKT, ribosomal S6 protein, AMPK and Sirtuin-1. T3 also alters the levels of metabolites controlling transcriptional and post-transcriptional actions in macrophages, and causes widespread transcriptomic changes, up-regulating genes needed for protein synthesis and cell proliferation, while down-regulating genes involved in immune responses and endocytosis, among others. This is not observed in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, where only p38 and AMPK activation is regulated by T3 and in which the metabolic and transcriptomic effects of the hormone are much weaker. However, the response to IFN-γ is reduced by T3 similarly in immortalized macrophages and in the primary cells, confirming previous results showing that the thyroid hormones can antagonize JAK/STAT-mediated signaling. These results provide new perspectives on the relevant pathways involved in proliferation and survival of macrophage cell culture models and on the crosstalk between the thyroid hormones and the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-Mateo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vladimir de La Rosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Aranda,
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yadav S, Dwivedi A, Tripathi A. Biology of macrophage fate decision: Implication in inflammatory disorders. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1539-1556. [PMID: 35842768 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of immune cells in response to stimuli present in their microenvironment is regulated by their metabolic profile. Unlike the signal transduction events, which overlap to a huge degree in diverse cellular processes, the metabolome of a cell reflects a more precise picture of cell physiology and function. Different factors governing the cellular metabolome include receptor signaling, macro and micronutrients, normoxic and hypoxic conditions, energy needs, and biomass demand. Macrophages have enormous plasticity and can perform diverse functions depending upon their phenotypic state. This review presents recent updates on the cellular metabolome and molecular patterns associated with M1 and M2 macrophages, also termed "classically activated macrophages" and "alternatively activated macrophages," respectively. M1 macrophages are proinflammatory in nature and predominantly Th1-specific immune responses induce their polarization. On the contrary, M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory in nature and primarily participate in Th2-specific responses. Interestingly, the same macrophage cell can adapt to the M1 or M2 phenotype depending upon the clues from its microenvironment. We elaborate on the various tissue niche-specific factors, which govern macrophage metabolism and heterogeneity. Furthermore, the current review provides an in-depth account of deregulated macrophage metabolism associated with pathological disorders such as cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. We further highlight significant differences in various metabolic pathways governing the cellular bioenergetics and their impact on macrophage effector functions and associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Chen H, Liu N, Zhuang S. Macrophages in Renal Injury, Repair, Fibrosis Following Acute Kidney Injury and Targeted Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934299. [PMID: 35911736 PMCID: PMC9326079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a renal disease with a high incidence and mortality. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutics for preventing and treating AKI. Macrophages, important players in mammalian immune response, are involved in the multiple pathological processes of AKI. They are dynamically activated and exhibit a diverse spectrum of functional phenotypes in the kidney after AKI. Targeting the mechanisms of macrophage activation significantly improves the outcomes of AKI in preclinical studies. In this review, we summarize the role of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage activation during kidney injury, repair, regeneration, and fibrosis and provide strategies for macrophage-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
TCF7 is highly expressed in immune cells on the atherosclerotic plaques, and regulating inflammatory signaling via NFκB/AKT/STAT1 signaling. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231545. [PMID: 35792753 PMCID: PMC9297684 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is the fundamental basis for cardiovascular diseases in the global world, is driven by multiple roles of the immune system in the circulation and vascular plaque. Recent studies demonstrated that T cell infiltrates into aorta plaque and plays an important role in recruiting macrophages to the vascular wall. Here, using single-cell sequencing, we found T cells in patients’ plaques and differentially expressed genes of T cells in atherosclerosis mice. T cells and macrophages were continuously activated in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Besides, other immune cells also take part in atherogenesis, such as NK cells, granulocytes. IFN/NFκB signaling, the AKT signaling pathway was highly activated in mouse (in vivo) and cell line (in vitro). TCF7, XCL1 were regulated by AKT and NFκB, respectively through Protein-protein Network analysis. Therefore, we attempt to clarify and discover potential genes and new mechanisms associated with atherosclerosis for drug development.
Collapse
|
82
|
Zhou H, Wang L, Liu S, Wang W. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases in immune-inflammatory responses: potential therapeutic targets for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2339-2364. [PMID: 35792922 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2094577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) includes inflammatory responses, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degradation, VSMC apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, among which the inflammatory response plays a key role. At present, surgery is the only curing treatment, and no effective drug can delay AAA progression in clinical practice. Therefore, searching for a signaling pathway related to the immune-inflammatory response is an essential direction for developing drugs targeting AAA. Recent studies have confirmed that the PI3K family plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases and is involved in regulating various cellular functions, especially in the immune-inflammatory response. This review focuses on the role of each isoform of PI3K in each stage of AAA immune-inflammatory response, making available explorations for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of inflammation and immune response during the formation and development of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhou
- Department of General &vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General &vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of General &vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General &vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Effects of Agarum clathratum extract on cell death and calcium ion levels of ovarian cancer cell. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
84
|
Chai H, Qu H, He S, Song L, Yang Y, Huang H, Shi D. Zedoarondiol inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating monocyte migration and adhesion via CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106328. [PMID: 35772647 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an essential pathological changes of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells are the critical pathological process in AS. Our previous studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of zedoarondiol in AS, but whether the mechanism is associated with monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-atherosclerotic effects of zedoarondiol were associated with decreasing migration and adhesion of monocytes. The oil red O staining demonstrated that zedoarondiol ameliorated AS plaques in en face aorta and aortic root of apolipoprotein E gene knocked (apoE-/-) mice. In vitro, zedoarondiol decreased human monocytic macrophage-like cell line (THP-1) monocytes migration and adhesion to endothelial cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq) in mice indicated that zedoarondiol decreased monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells by regulating CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) pathway, which was verified by Western blot of THP-1 monocytes;zedoarondiol also decreased the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF/κB), the downstream proteins of CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. In conclusion, zedoarondiol ameliorated AS plaque and inhibited monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells via regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway, suggesting that zedoarondiol might be a new promising drug for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shan He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lei Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Tang D, Cao F, Yan C, Fang K, Ma J, Gao L, Sun B, Wang G. Extracellular Vesicle/Macrophage Axis: Potential Targets for Inflammatory Disease Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:705472. [PMID: 35769456 PMCID: PMC9234271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.705472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can regulate the polarization of macrophages in a variety of inflammatory diseases by mediating intercellular signal transduction and affecting the occurrence and development of diseases. After macrophages are regulated by EVs, they mainly show two phenotypes: the proinflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory M2 type. A large number of studies have shown that in diseases such as mastitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Acute lung injury, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, EVs promote the progression of the disease by inducing the M1-like polarization of macrophages. In diseases such as liver injury, asthma, and myocardial infarction, EVs can induce M2-like polarization of macrophages, inhibit the inflammatory response, and reduce the severity of the disease, thus indicating new pathways for treating inflammatory diseases. The EV/macrophage axis has become a potential target for inflammatory disease pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment. This article reviews the structure and function of the EV/macrophage axis and summarizes its biological functions in inflammatory diseases to provide insights for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Tang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Yan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Guanxinping Tablets Inhibit ET-1-Induced Proliferation and Migration of MOVAS by Suppressing Activated PI3K/Akt/NF- κB Signaling Cascade. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9485463. [PMID: 35685734 PMCID: PMC9173997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9485463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, the suppression of abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells are the important means for the prevention and inhibition of AS. The clinical effects of Guanxinping (GXP) tablets and preliminary clinical research on the topic have proved that GXP can effectively treat coronary heart disease, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm the inhibitory effect of GXP on the abnormal proliferation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods MOVAS cells were divided into two major groups: physiological and pathological groups. In the physiological group, MOVAS cells were directly stimulated with GXP, whereas in the pathological group, the cells were stimulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) before intervention by GXP. At the same time, atorvastatin calcium, which effectively inhibits the abnormal proliferation of MOVAS cells, was used in the negative control group. CCK8 assay, scratch test, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the expression levels of related factors after drug intervention in each group. Results In the physiological group, GXP had no significant effect on the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells and the related factors. In the pathological group, a high dose of GXP reduced the abnormal proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells. Further, it reduced the expression levels of PI3K; inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B); upregulated IκB-α levels; prevented nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) from entering the nucleus; downregulated the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), IL-1β, and iNOS; and upregulated the ratio of apoptosis-related factor Bax/Bcl-2. There was no significant difference between the high-dose GXP group and the atorvastatin calcium group (negative control group). Conclusion Our findings revealed that GXP was able to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
87
|
Cong L, Xie X, Liu S, Xiang L, Fu X. Genistein promotes M1 macrophage apoptosis and reduces inflammatory response by disrupting miR-21/TIPE2 pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:934-945. [PMID: 35903524 PMCID: PMC9315303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality, and vascular injury, a common pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, is deeply correlated with macrophage apoptosis and inflammatory response. Genistein, a type of phytoestrogen, exerts cardiovascular protective activities, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, RAW264.7 cells were treated with genistein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, and/or protein kinase B (AKT) agonist to determine the role of genistein in apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-stimulated cells. Simultaneously, high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were administered genistein to evaluate the function of genistein on LPS-induced cardiovascular injury mouse model. Here, we demonstrated that LPS obviously increased apoptosis resistance and inflammatory response of macrophages by promoting miR-21 expression, and miR-21 downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) expression by targeting the coding region. Genistein reduced miR-21 expression by inhibiting NF-κB, then blocked toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and AKT phosphorylation dependent on TIPE2, resulting in inhibition of LPS. Our research suggests that miR-21/TIPE2 pathway is involved in M1 macrophage apoptosis and inflammatory response, and genistein inhibits the progression of LPS-induced cardiovascular injury at the epigenetic level via regulating the promoter region of Vmp1 by NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cong
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Structural analysis and immunomodulatory activity of a homopolysaccharide isolated from Parabacteroides distasonis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
89
|
MK2206 attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation, cell migration, proliferation, and inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:897-907. [PMID: 34316032 PMCID: PMC8976090 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with cancer, and the main leading cause of noncancer-related deaths in cancer survivors. Considering that current antitumor drugs usually induce cardiovascular injury, the quest for developing new antitumor drugs, especially those with cardiovascular protection, is crucial for improving cancer prognosis. MK2206 is a phase II clinical anticancer drug and the role of this drug in cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Here, we revealed that MK2206 significantly reduced vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic lesions, and inhibited proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell in ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We demonstrated that MK2206 reduced lipid accumulation by promoting cholesterol efflux but did not affect lipid uptake and decreased inflammatory response by modulating inflammation-related mRNA stability in macrophages. In addition, we revealed that MK2206 suppressed migration, proliferation, and inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, MK2206 inhibited proliferation and inflammation of endothelial cells. The present results suggest that MK2206, as a promising drug in clinical antitumor therapy, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic potential. This report provides a novel strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular comorbidities in cancer survivors.
Collapse
|
90
|
Guo S, Wang H, Yin Y. Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:815347. [PMID: 35250543 PMCID: PMC8888930 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.815347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia can be categorized into two opposite types: classical (M1) or alternative (M2), though there’s a continuum of different intermediate phenotypes between M1 and M2, and microglia can transit from one phenotype to another. M1 microglia release inflammatory mediators and induce inflammation and neurotoxicity, while M2 microglia release anti-inflammatory mediators and induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectivity. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered as a double-edged sword, performing both harmful and helpful effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies showed that balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization had a promising therapeutic prospect in neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that shifting microglia from M1 to M2 may be significant and we focus on the modulation of microglia polarization from M1 to M2, especially by important signal pathways, in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
91
|
Kim YJ, Lee S, Jin J, Woo H, Choi YK, Park KG. Cassiaside C Inhibits M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Downregulating Glycolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1696. [PMID: 35163619 PMCID: PMC8835843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically activated M1 macrophages reprogram their metabolism towards enhanced glycolysis to obtain energy and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines after activation by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Thus, a strategy that constrains M1 polarization of macrophages via downregulation of glycolysis is essential for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Cassiae semen has pharmacological activity against various inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear whether specific compounds within Cassia seeds affect M1 polarization of macrophages. Here, we investigated whether Cassiaside C napthopyrone from Cassiae semen inhibits M1 polarization by downregulating glycolysis. We found that Cassiaside C reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B, all of which are upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ-treated Raw264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, Cassiaside C-treated macrophages showed marked suppression of LPS/IFN-γ-induced HIF-1α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase A expression, along with downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Consequently, Cassiaside C attenuated enhanced glycolysis and lactate production, but rescued diminished oxidative phosphorylation, in M1 polarized macrophages. Thus, Cassiaside C dampens M1 polarization of macrophages by downregulating glycolysis, which could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Hyein Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.J.); (H.W.)
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Mechanism of protection from insulin resistance by toll-like receptor 2 deficiency in high-fat diet fed mice: involvement in macrophage polarization. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2591-2599. [PMID: 35034283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) deficiency can increase insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance. However, it is not yet fully understood about its underlying mechanism. The regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization has been verified to involve in insulin resistance. Here, we evaluated whether the beneficial effect of TLR2 deficiency is mediated by TLR2-associated macrophage polarization in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type and TLR2 knockout (TLR2-/-) mice received HFD for two months. Following intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests, peripheral monocytes were isolated, and in vitro induced for differentiation into M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Macrophages polarization was evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of macrophage polarization marker genes and cytokine production in visceral adipose tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Compared to wild-type mice, TLR2-/- mice showed higher glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, along with significantly reduced the population of M1 and increased M2 count in vitro. Additionally, TLR2-/- mice demonstrated higher expression of M2 marker iNOS mRNA and interleukin-10 level in adipose tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TLR2 knockout-mediated macrophages M2 polarization is a crucial factor for preventing against diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. These findings deepen our knowledge about the mechanism underlying HFD-induced insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
93
|
Zhang F, Liu P, He Z, Zhang L, He X, Liu F, Qi J. Crocin ameliorates atherosclerosis by promoting the reverse cholesterol transport and inhibiting the foam cell formation via regulating PPARγ/LXR-α. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:202-218. [PMID: 34978526 PMCID: PMC8837240 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2015669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocin (CRO) is feasible in alleviating atherosclerosis (AS), the mechanism of which was therefore explored in the study. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-treated macrophages received CRO treatment. Treated macrophage viability was determined via MTT assay. In both murine and macrophage, the lipid level and total Cholesterol/Cholesteryl l Ester (TC/CE) levels were quantified by oil-red-O staining and ELISA, respectively. Lipid droplet, aortic plaque formation and collagen deposition were detected via Oil-red-O staining, hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining, respectively. Liver X Receptor-α (LXR-α), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), CD68, PCSK9, CD36, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1), phosphorylated (p)-AKT, and AKT expressions were detected via Western blot, the former three also being detected using Immunohistochemistry and the first being measured by qRT-PCR. CRO decreased HFD-induced weight gain, ameliorated the abnormal serum lipid levels of HFD-treated mice, and inhibited aortic plaque formation and lipid deposition, and increased collagen fibers, with upregulated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and downregulated TC and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). CRO alleviated the HFD-induced upregulations of CD68, PCSK9 and CD36 as well as downregulations of PPARγ/LXR-α, ABCA1 and AKT phosphorylation. In LPA-treated macrophages, CRO alone exerted no effect on the viability yet inhibited the lipid droplets formation and downregulated TC/CE levels. Silent LXR-α reversed the effect of CRO on the lipid droplets formation and levels of lipid metabolism-related factors. CRO ameliorated AS by inhibiting foam cells formation and promoting reverse cholesterol transport via PPARγ/LXR-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhaopeng He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Like Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xinqi He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
AKT Isoforms in Macrophage Activation, Polarization, and Survival. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:165-196. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
95
|
Liu J, Xu P, Liu D, Wang R, Cui S, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yang W, Zhang D. TCM Regulates PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway to Intervene Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4854755. [PMID: 34956379 PMCID: PMC8702326 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4854755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury is the initial stage of atherosclerosis (AS). Stimulating and activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial cytokines, thus affecting the occurrence and development of AS. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can regulate the polarization and survival of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory factors and platelet function, thus influencing the progression of AS. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely recognized for its advantages of fewer side effects, multiple pathways, and multiple targets. Also, the research of TCM regulation of AS via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has achieved certain results. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its role in the pathogenesis of AS, as well as the role of Chinese medicine in regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and pathological mechanism research of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pangao Xu
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dekun Liu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Cui
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Precise Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Precise Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Peng P, Yu H, Xing C, Tao B, Li C, Huang J, Ning G, Zhang B, Feng S. Exosomes-mediated phenotypic switch of macrophages in the immune microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112311. [PMID: 34653754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicated that modulating macrophage polarization could ameliorate the immune microenvironment and facilitate the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI), the underlying mechanism of macrophage phenotypic switch is still poorly understood. Exosomes (Exos), a potential tool of cell-to-cell communication, may play important roles in cell reprogramming. Herein, we investigated the roles of macrophages-derived exosomes played for macrophage polarization in the SCI immune microenvironment. In this study, we found the fraction of M2 macrophages was markedly decreased after SCI. Moreover, the M2 macrophages-derived exosomes could increase the percentage of M2 macrophages, decrease that of M1 macrophages while the M1 macrophages-derived exosomes acted oppositely. According to the results of in silico analyses and molecular experiments verification, this phenotypic switch might be mediated by the exosomal miRNA-mRNA network, in which the miR-23a-3p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis might play an important role. In conclusion, our study suggests macrophage polarization that regulated by various interventions might be mediated by their own exosomes at last. Moreover, M2 macrophages-derived exosomes could promote M2 macrophage polarization via the potential miRNA-mRNA network. Considering its potential of modulating polarization, M2 macrophages-derived exosomes may be a promising therapeutic agent for SCI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Xing
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Tao
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Huang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Prediction of Rhizoma Drynariae Targets in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5233462. [PMID: 34840589 PMCID: PMC8616695 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5233462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoma Drynariae has been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), but its potential targets and molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored. Targets of Rhizoma Drynariae and OA were predicted by relevant databases, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify key targets. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to obtain related pathways and then select significant pathways associated with OA. The OA chondrocyte model was established by inflammatory factor-induced SW1353 chondrocytes, and molecular docking was conducted to verify the above theoretical prediction. The results showed that a total of 86 Rhizoma Drynariae-OA interaction targets were identified, among which IL-6 and AKT1 were the key targets in the PPI network. Luteolin was the most critical component of Rhizoma Drynariae. KEGG results indicated that the effects of Rhizoma Drynariae on OA are associated with the PI3K/AKT, TNF, IL-17, apoptosis, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT pathway can activate the downstream NF-κB pathway and further regulate the transcription and expression of downstream IL-6, IL-17, HIF-1α, Bax, and TNF, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway is the critical pathway in the treatment of OA with Rhizoma Drynariae. Active components of Rhizoma Drynariae and key proteins of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway were subjected to molecular docking, whose results showed that luteolin and IKK-α played a critical role. In vitro experiments indicated that both aqueous extracts of Rhizoma Drynariae (AERD) and luteolin inhibited the expression of IL-6 and HIF-1α and suppressed the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, IL-17, and TNF pathways. The measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) indicated that AERD and luteolin can decrease the LPS-induced early apoptotic cells. Luteolin had a more prominent inhibitory effect than AERD in the abovementioned in vitro experiments. In conclusion, the therapeutic mechanism of Rhizoma Drynariae against OA may be closely related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and downstream pathways, and luteolin plays a vital role in the treatment.
Collapse
|
98
|
Emerging Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212109. [PMID: 34829992 PMCID: PMC8624828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CAD) is the main cause of morbidity and deaths in the western world. The development of atherosclerosis underlying CAD development begins early in human life. There are numerous genetic and environmental risk factors accelerating its progression which then leads to the occurrence of acute events. Despite considerable progress in determining risk factors, there is still a lot of work ahead since identified determinants are responsible only for a part of overall CAD risk. Current therapies are insufficient to successfully reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive measures of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since the currently available drugs cannot prevent the occurrence of even 70% of clinical events. The shift of the target from lipid metabolism has opened the door to many new therapeutic targets. Currently, the majority of known targets for anti-atherosclerotic drugs focus also on inflammation (a common mediator of many risk factors), mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis, molecule scavengers, etc. The therapeutic potential of cyclodextrins, protein kinase inhibitors, colchicine, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipid dicarbonyl scavengers, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, and P-selectin inhibitors is still not fully confirmed and requires confirmation in large clinical trials. The preliminary results look promising.
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang L, Lu Q, Gao W, Yu S. Recent advancement on development of drug-induced macrophage polarization in control of human diseases. Life Sci 2021; 284:119914. [PMID: 34453949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which exert pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor effects, respectively. Thus, drug development in induction of macrophage polarization could be used to treat different human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advancement on modulation of macrophage polarization and its related molecular mechanisms induced by a number of agents. Research on the anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate the macrophage polarization accounts for a large proportion in the field and types of diseases investigated could include atherosclerosis, enteritis, nephritis, and the nervous system and skeletal diseases, while study of the anti-tumor agents to modify macrophage polarization is a novel area of research. Future study of the molecular mechanisms by which the different agents regulate the macrophage polarization could lead to an effective control of various human diseases, including inflammation and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Tsai PK, Chen SP, Huang-Liu R, Chen CJ, Chen WY, Ng YY, Kuan YH. Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110276. [PMID: 34822668 PMCID: PMC8620634 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune cells that provide resistance in the peripheral tissue. The overactivation of macrophages results in inflammation. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, is induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages. In this study, the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitrogen oxide and prostaglandin E2, was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner through the expression of iNOS and COX2. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX2 was induced by 1-NP through nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and the degradation of its upstream factor, IκB. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that 1-NP exhibits a proinflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway activation due to Akt phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Rosa Huang-Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Yan Ng
- Department of Pediatric, Chung Kang Branch, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11662); Fax: +886-4-2473-9030
| |
Collapse
|