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Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilm inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2021; 14:203-205. [PMID: 34913388 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tiwari M, Joshi R, Tiwari V. Design of novel hybrid secondary metabolite targets to diguanylate cyclase of Acinetobacter baumannii. FEMS MICROBES 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biofilm formation in bacteria is a resistance determinant and is positively regulated by cyclic diguanylate signaling. This signaling is a near universal signaling, and c-di-GMP produced by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) in this signaling is involved in different bacterial behaviors. The present study aims to find a plant-based novel hybrid therapeutic agent that can target the DGC of Acinetobacter baumannii. In this study, we have tried to design a hybrid molecule from the anti-biofilm plant secondary metabolites and screened its binding with the DGC of A. baumannii. The modeled and validated DGC was used to identify the active site and docking grid. Designed hybrid compounds were analysed for their interaction with the active site residues of DGC of A. baumannii. Further, the binding free energies of the docked complexes obtained from the Generalized Born model and Solvent Accessibility (MMGBSA) were analysed. The results indicated that VR-QEg-180 has a predicted high binding affinity with enzyme DGC as compared to other hybrids, parent secondary metabolites and positive control. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) analysis confirmed the interaction of VR-QEg-180 with DGC of the A. baumannii. The designed lead has favorable ADMET properties, has no human off-targets and has no predicted cytotoxicity in cell lines. Therefore, the designed hybrid molecule (VR-QEg-180) targeting the DGC of A. baumannii may play a very significant role in controlling this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Richa Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
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Bioassay-Guided Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Senna alata L. against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Senna alata (Linn) Roxb. plant is widely used to manage various infections in folkloric medicine. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection continues to be a major global public health problem. This study aims to investigate the bioactive components of S. alata leaves active against MRSA. The leaves of S. alata were sequentially extracted and fractionated using standard methods and screened for activities against MRSA. The diethyl ether active thin layer chromatography (TLC) spot was subjected to infrared (IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) studies. The aqueous extract and diethyl ether fraction of S. alata leaves elicited the highest activity against the MRSA. The GC-MS analysis of the fraction produced 15 eluates; only the sub-fraction 13 was effective. The TLC analysis of the sub-fraction 13 revealed three spots; only the second spot produced activity. The GC-MS result of the spot showed six peaks. The spectral results for peak 3 match the data from the IR study, suggestive of 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Senna alata leaves possess bioactive compounds closely related to 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester with potent antibacterial activity against MRSA.
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Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Properties of the Crude Extract and Fractions from Acacia macrostachya Stem Bark. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5381993. [PMID: 34720766 PMCID: PMC8553507 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5381993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections remain a public health problem due to the upsurge of bacterial resistance. In this study, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and efflux pump inhibitory activities of the stem bark of Acacia macrostachya, an indigenous African medicinal plant, were investigated. In traditional medicine, the plant is used in the treatment of microbial infections and inflammatory conditions. A crude methanol extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction was partitioned by column chromatography to obtain the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. Antibacterial, efflux pump inhibition and antibiofilm formation activities were assessed by the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi), ethidium bromide accumulation, and the crystal violet retention assay, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extract and major fractions ranged from 250 to ≥500 μg/mL. At a concentration of 3.9–250 μg/mL, all extracts demonstrated >80% inhibition of biofilm formation in S. aureus. In P. aeruginosa, the EtOAc fraction showed the highest antibiofilm activity (59–69%) while the pet-ether fraction was most active against E. coli biofilms (45–67%). Among the test samples, the crude extract, methanol, and ethyl acetate fractions showed remarkable efflux pump inhibition in S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. At ½ MIC, the methanol fraction demonstrated significant accumulation of EtBr in E. coli having superior efflux inhibition over the standard EPIs: chlorpromazine and verapamil. Tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, coumarins, and saponins were identified in preliminary phytochemical studies. Stigmasterol was identified in the EtOAc fraction. This study justifies the use of A. macrostachya in the treatment of infections in traditional medicine and highlights its potential as a source of bioactive compounds that could possibly interact with some resistance mechanisms in bacteria to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Uc-Cachón AH, Dzul-Beh ADJ, Palma-Pech GA, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Flores-Guido JS, Gracida-Osorno C, Molina-Salinas GM. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Mayan medicinal plants against Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114369. [PMID: 34186100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several medicinal plants are used in Mayan Traditional Medicine to treat skin, urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infectious diseases. However, scientific studies that have supported the bioactivity of these Mayan medicinal plants are limited. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the in-vitro anti-Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm-formation activities of 15 Mayan medicinal plants that were selected based on their traditional uses for the treatment of infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mayan medicinal plants used traditionally to treat infectious diseases were preselected. For each part of the plants, four extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). These were tested against two reference strains: a Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus, and two clinical isolates, including a susceptible and multidrug-resistant S. aureus using a Resazurin Microtiter Assay. In addition, the plant extracts were evaluated in biofilm-formation inhibition on S. aureus by means of the Crystal Violet method. RESULTS A total of 120 extracts from 15 Mayan medicinal plant species belonging to 12 different families were selected according their ethnopharmacological uses to treat infectious diseases. Among the selected plant species, 26 extracts obtained from eight medicinal Mayan plants exhibited significant anti-S. aureus against the four strains tested. The most active extracts were the Aq (aqueous) leaf extract of Krugiodendron ferreum (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] = 125-250 μg/mL), the MeOH bark extracts of Matayba oppositifolia, Clusia flava, Gymnopodium floribundum, the MeOH leaf extract of Spondias purpurea with MIC values of 250 μg/mL, and the MeOH leaf and Aq bark extracts of K. ferreum (MIC = 250-500 μg/mL). Among the active extracts, 12 exhibited a bactericidal effect on S. aureus strains (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] = 250-1000 μg/mL). Forty extracts from 13 plants have an effect on the anti-formation of biofilm, the most active were the MeOH leaf extract of M. oppositifolia (one-half Inhibitory Concentration [IC50] = 10.4 μg/mL) and the MeOH (IC50 = 17.7 μg/mL) and Hex (18.2 μg/mL) leaf extracts from S. purpurea. CONCLUSION Aqueous and organic extracts from Mayan medicinal plants showed bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities even against drug-resistant S. aureus strains. The present study supports the traditional usage of some plants employed in Mayan medicine for illnesses such as skin, gastrointestinal, and urinary infections and suggest that these plants could be a good source of antibacterial phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gracida-Osorno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Regional No. 1, CMN Ignacio García Téllez, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Kang S, Jo H, Kim MR. Safety Assessment of Endocrine Disruption by Menopausal Health Functional Ingredients. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101376. [PMID: 34683056 PMCID: PMC8544397 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During menopause, women experience various symptoms including hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia, and sweating. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used as the main treatment for menopausal symptoms; however, other options are required for women with medical contraindications or without preference for HRT. Functional health foods are easily available options for relieving menopausal symptoms. There are growing concerns regarding menopausal functional health foods because the majority of them include phytoestrogens which have the effect of endocrine disruption. Phytoestrogens may cause not only hormonal imbalance or disruption of the normal biological function of the organ systems, but also uterine cancer or breast cancer if absorbed and accumulated in the body for a long period of time, depending on the estrogen receptor binding capacity. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects and safety of menopausal functional health ingredients and medicines on the human body as endocrine disruptors under review in the literature and the OECD guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kang
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hagyeong Jo
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Mee-Ran Kim
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6170
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Bittner Fialová S, Rendeková K, Mučaji P, Nagy M, Slobodníková L. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents in the Context of Skin and Wound Infections, Considering European Legislation and Folk Medicine-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910746. [PMID: 34639087 PMCID: PMC8509446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of skin and wounds may seriously decrease the quality of life and even cause death in some patients. One of the largest concerns in their treatment is the growing antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infectious agents and the spread of resistant strains not only in the hospitals but also in the community. This trend encourages researchers to seek for new effective and safe therapeutical agents. The pharmaceutical industry, focusing mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as a drug discovery source, is often failing in the battle with bacteria. In contrast, many of the natural compounds, and/or the whole and complex plants extracts, are effective in this field, inactivating the resistant bacterial strains or decreasing their virulence. Natural products act comprehensively; many of them have not only antibacterial, but also anti-inflammatory effects and may support tissue regeneration and wound healing. The European legislative is in the field of natural products medicinal use formed by European Medicines Agency (EMA), based on the scientific work of its Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). HMPC establishes EU monographs covering the therapeutic uses and safe conditions for herbal substances and preparations, mostly based on folk medicine, but including data from scientific research. In this review, the medicinal plants and their active constituents recommended by EMA for skin disorders are discussed in terms of their antibacterial effect. The source of information about these plant products in the review is represented by research articles listed in scientific databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) published in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-250-117-206
| | - Katarína Rendeková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Olatunde OO, Shiekh KA, Ma L, Ying X, Zhang B, Benjakul S. Effect of the extract from custard apple (
Annona squamosa
) leaves prepared with pulsed electric field‐assisted process on the diversity of microorganisms and shelf‐life of refrigerated squid rings. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Shiekh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Lukai Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 China
| | - Xiaoguo Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing College of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan 316022 China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan Zhejiang 316022 China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091142. [PMID: 34572724 PMCID: PMC8464735 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.
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The effect of Brazilian propolis type-3 against oral microbiota and volatile sulfur compounds in subjects with morning breath malodor. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1531-1541. [PMID: 34392403 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate propolis type-3 mouthrinse effects on the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and on tongue dorsum microbial profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-step double-blind, crossover, randomized study with 10 individuals divided into three groups: I-placebo (P); II-ethanolic extract of propolis type-3 3% (EEP); and III-chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) and instructed to rinse twice daily for 5 days. Each experimental period was followed by a 21-day washout interval. Morning mouth breath was assessed by VSC concentrations and microbiological samples were obtained from tongue dorsum at baseline and the end of period of rinses and analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for 39 bacterial species. RESULTS CHX and EEP presented the lowest VSC concentration when compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Even in the absence of mechanical plaque control, CHX and EEP treatments reduced VSC levels and there were no statistical differences for VSC measurement between CHX and EEP. There was a significant reduction in mean counts of 10 species including some VSC producers (Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) by EEP. Total counts of organisms, gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species showed a decrease for EEP and CHX (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistical difference was observed between EEP and CHX (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between decrease of bacterial counts and decrease of VCSs concentration for the EEP and CHX. CONCLUSIONS The use of a 3% propolis type-3 mouthrinse is an effective way to prevent morning bad breath. Thus, propolis may be a promising agent for the treatment of halitosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Propolis type-3 may be used as adjuvant treatment for morning breath malodor.
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61
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Zhen L, Lange H, Zongo L, Crestini C. Chemical Derivatization of Commercially Available Condensed and Hydrolyzable Tannins. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:10154-10166. [PMID: 34484990 PMCID: PMC8411582 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel valorization routes for tannins were opened by the development of a simple, straightforward, robust, and flexible approach to the selective functionalization of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. Irrespective of the different degrees of polymerization, different commercial tannins were efficiently functionalized by the generation of an ether linkage bound to a short linker carrying the desired functional group. Functionalizations could be realized at varying degrees of technical loadings, i.e., amounts of introduced tannin-alien functionalities per number of phenolic hydroxyl groups. The same strategy was found suitable for the synthesis of polyethylene glycol-functionalized tannin copolymers. Condensed tannins functionalized with carboxylic acid moieties could be converted into a tannin-oligopeptide hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhen
- University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Chemical Science
and Technologies, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- CSGI—Center
for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Heiko Lange
- CSGI—Center
for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luc Zongo
- University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Chemical Science
and Technologies, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- CSGI—Center
for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- University
of Venice “Ca” Foscari’, Department of Molecular
Science and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
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Antibacterial Activity of Boswellia sacra Flueck. Oleoresin Extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis Periodontal Pathogen. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070859. [PMID: 34356781 PMCID: PMC8300764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia sacra Flueck. oleoresin extract (frankincense) has traditionally been used in the treatment of different diseases, but there are no sufficient studies on its potential activity against periodontal pathogens. Therefore, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of frankincense extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolates were studied. The phytochemical composition of the volatile components of the extract was identified by GC-MS analysis revealing 49 compounds as trans-nerolidyl formate, cycloartenol acetate, ursenoic acid 3-oxomethyl ester, bisabolene epoxide, and kaur-16-ene. It decreased the growth and increased the leakage of nucleotides in 58.3% and 33.3% of isolates, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the extracellular polysaccharide production and the cell surface hydrophobicity in 41.67% and 50% of the isolates, respectively. Crystal violet assay revealed inhibition of biofilm formation by the tested isolates. Light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to examine the biofilms and they confirmed the reduction of biofilm formation by frankincense extract. Downregulation of the genes linked to biofilm formation (fimA, hagA, and hagB) was observed using qRT-PCR after treatment with the frankincense extract. This study suggested that the frankincense extract could exhibit antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against P. gingivalis isolates. Thus, the frankincense extract could be used as a treatment approach for periodontitis.
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Kilua A, Han KH, Fukushima M. Effect of polyphenols isolated from purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas cv. Ayamurasaki) on the microbiota and the biomarker of colonic fermentation in rats fed with cellulose or inulin. Food Funct 2021; 11:10182-10192. [PMID: 33165485 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet has been associated with various health benefits. This study assessed the effects of polyphenol/anthocyanin isolated from a purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Ayamurasaki) on colonic fermentation in cellulose- or inulin-fed rats. Male Fischer-344 rats were assigned to one of these experimental diets: 5% cellulose (CEL), 5% CEL + 1% purple sweet potato polyphenol extract (CELP), 5% inulin (INU), and 5% INU + 1% purple sweet potato polyphenol extract (INUP) in each diet. The purple sweet potato polyphenol extract (PSPP) increased the relative abundance of Dorea and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Bacteroides in cellulose- or inulin-fed rats, respectively. Besides, PSPP reduced the caecal iso-butyrate and pH in the cellulose-fed rats. Further, PSPP triggered an increase in the caecal mucin level when combined with cellulose and increased the caecal IgA level while reducing the indole production in both the cellulose- or inulin-fed rats. Finally, PSPP may have different effects on the intestinal fermentation properties depending on the fermentability of dietary fiber associated with it. Therefore, this study demonstrated that dietary inclusion of polyphenol/anthocyanin from purple sweet potato might confer positive health attributes to the host gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrine Kilua
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Polyphenol-Rich Larix decidua Bark Extract with Antimicrobial Activity against Respiratory-Tract Pathogens: A Novel Bioactive Ingredient with Potential Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070789. [PMID: 34203520 PMCID: PMC8300756 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Larch (Larix decidua) bark is a sawmill waste, traditionally used for antiseptic, expectorant and dermatological (wound healing, eczema, psoriasis) purposes. In this work, we developed a food-grade dry larch bark extract (LBE) from sawmill by-products using hydro-alcoholic extraction. The antibacterial activity of LBE was evaluated against respiratory-tract pathogens, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenza, and it was compared to that of grapefruit seed extract (GSE), a commercially available raw material commonly proposed as antibacterial ingredient for over-the-counter products. Procyanidins (PACs) and other polyphenols contents in LBE were determined by HPLC-FLD-MS and HPLC-DAD-MSn, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of LBE and GSE was assessed using the micro-plate dilution technique in concentration range of 2-200 µg/mL, and the safety of these dosages was assessed in cellular and animal models. LBE showed considerable contents of PACs (15% w/w; especially B-type) and other polyphenols (3.8% w/w), among which the characteristic spiropolyphenols larixinol and epilarixinol were identified, together with the flavonoids isoquercitrin and rutin, already reported as growth inhibitors of different respiratory-tract pathogens. LBE showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to GSE, demonstrated by a growth inhibition range of 10-40% towards five of six strains tested, compared to 10-15% of GSE. These results suggest that LBE may represent a natural and sustainable source of active compounds with antibacterial activity for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Correia P, Araújo P, Ribeiro C, Oliveira H, Pereira AR, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Brás NF, Gameiro P, Coelho P, Bessa LJ, Oliveira J, Fernandes I. Anthocyanin-Related Pigments: Natural Allies for Skin Health Maintenance and Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071038. [PMID: 34203482 PMCID: PMC8300807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is commonly described as a particularly dynamic and complex environment, with a physiological balance continuously orchestrated by numerous internal and external factors. Intrinsic aging, exposure to UV radiation and skin pathogens are some of the key players that account for dermatological alterations and ailments. In this regard, this study intended to explore the potential skin-health beneficial properties of a group of molecules belonging to the anthocyanin family: cyanidin- and malvidin-3-O-glucosides and some of their structurally related pigments, resulting in a library of compounds with different structural properties and color hues. The inclusion of both purified compounds and crude extracts provided some insights into their distinctive effects when tested as individual agents or as part of multicomponent mixtures. Overall, most of the compounds were found to reduce biofilm production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa reference strains, exhibit UV-filter capacity, attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and also showed inhibitory activity of skin-degrading enzymes, in the absence of cytotoxic effects. Carboxypyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside stood out for its global performance which, combined with its greater structural stability, makes this a particular interesting compound for potential incorporation in topical formulations. Results provide strong evidence of the skin protective effects of these pigments, supporting their further application for cosmeceutical purposes.
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Önem E, Sarısu HC, Özaydın AG, Muhammed MT, Ak A. Phytochemical profile, antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing properties of fruit stalks of Prunus avium L. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:426-437. [PMID: 34173244 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial properties of 2-year Prunus avium L. standard cultivars [Cristalina (Cr), 0900 Ziraat (Zr)] and to elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on the quorum sensing (QS) system by using homology modelling and molecular docking. Phenolic contents of methanol extract of Cr and Zr stalks were detected by HPLC. As a result, catechin hydrate (6364·67-8127·93 µg g-1 ) and chlorogenic acid (998·81-1273·4 µg g-1 ) were found to be the highest in stalk extracts in the two varieties in 2017. All extracts had inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Stalk extract of Zr showed higher inhibition rate (86%) on swarming motility. Stalk samples of Zr collected in 2017 and 2018 also reduced biofilm formation by 75 and 73%, respectively. The computational analysis revealed that one of the major component of the extracts, chlorogenic acid, was able to bind to the QS system receptors, LasR, RhlR, and PqsR. Therefore, the mechanism of decreasing the production of virulence factors by the extracts might be through inhibiting these receptors and thus interfering with the QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Önem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H C Sarısu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Fruit Research Institute, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A G Özaydın
- YETEM-Innovative Technology Application and Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M T Muhammed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Ak
- Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Lin Y, Chen J, Zhou X, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by strategies targeting the metabolism of exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:667-677. [PMID: 33938347 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1915959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-associated infectious diseases affecting most of the world's population. In particular, dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Specific types of acid-producing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, colonize the dental surface and cause damage to the hard tooth structure in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. Streptococcus mutans has been established as the major cariogenic pathogen responsible for human dental caries, with a high ability to form biofilms. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, mainly contributed by S. mutans, has been considered as a virulence determinant of cariogenic biofilm. As EPS is an important virulence factor, targeting EPS metabolism could be useful in preventing cariogenic biofilm formation. This review summarizes plausible strategies targeting S. mutans biofilms by degrading EPS structure, inhibiting EPS production, and disturbing the EPS metabolism-related gene expression and regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.
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Silva A, Silva V, Igrejas G, Gaivão I, Aires A, Klibi N, Enes Dapkevicius MDL, Valentão P, Falco V, Poeta P. Valorization of Winemaking By-Products as a Novel Source of Antibacterial Properties: New Strategies to Fight Antibiotic Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082331. [PMID: 33923843 PMCID: PMC8073494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistance in bacteria has limited the ability to treat bacterial infections, besides increasing their morbidity and mortality at the global scale. The need for alternative solutions to deal with this problem is urgent and has brought about a renewed interest in natural products as sources of potential antimicrobials. The wine industry is responsible for the production of vast amounts of waste and by-products, with associated environmental problems. These residues are rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, especially phenolic compounds. Some phenolics are bacteriostatic/bactericidal against several pathogenic bacteria and may have a synergistic action towards antibiotics, mitigating or reverting bacterial resistance to these drugs. Complex phenolic mixtures, such as those present in winemaking residues (pomace, skins, stalks, leaves, and especially seeds), are even more effective as antimicrobials and could be used in combined therapy, thereby contributing to management of the antibiotic resistance crisis. This review focuses on the potentialities of winemaking by-products, their extracts, and constituents as chemotherapeutic antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (G.I.); (I.G.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (G.I.); (I.G.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (G.I.); (I.G.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (G.I.); (I.G.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia;
| | - Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.d.L.E.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Virgílio Falco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.); (V.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.d.L.E.D.); (P.P.)
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Bhandari S, Khadayat K, Poudel S, Shrestha S, Shrestha R, Devkota P, Khanal S, Marasini BP. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants of Nepal and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33836728 PMCID: PMC8033659 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A biofilm is an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that impede antibiotics and immune cells, thus providing a shielded environment for bacterial growth. Due to biofilm formation, some microbes can show up to 1000 fold increased resistance towards the antibiotics than the normal planktonic forms. The study was conducted to screen the crude extracts of medicinal plants used in Nepal for their in vitro antibiofilm activities. METHODS Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and aluminium trichloride method, respectively. Resazurin assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The initial antibiofilm activities and their inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the microtiter based modified crystal violet staining method. RESULTS Out of 25 different plant extracts were used for the study, methanolic extracts of 20 plants showed a biofilm inhibition activity against five different strong biofilm producing Escherichia coli strains. Calotropis gigantea exhibited inhibition against all five different E. coli strains with IC50 values ranging from 299.7 ± 20.5 to 427.4 ± 2.7 μg/mL. Apart from that, Eclipta prostrata also showed biofilm formation inhibition, followed by Eupatorium adenophorum, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum tenuifolium, Oxalis lantifolia, Prunus persica, and Urtica parviflora. The extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, Mangifera indica, O. tenuifolium, P. persica, and U. parviflora exhibited a moderate to poor MIC value ranging from 625 to 2500 μg/mL. The highest amount of phenolic content (TPC) was found in Acacia catechu followed by Morus alba, which was 38.9 and 25.1 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. The highest amount of flavonoid content was found in A. catechu followed by M. indica, which was 27.1 and 20.8 mg quercetin equivalents, respectively. CONCLUSION Extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, P. persica, U. parviflora, and O. tenuifolium showed antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activity against pathogenic and strong biofilm producing E. coli. Thus, extracts or the pure compound from these medicinal plants could be used as antibiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhandari
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Karan Khadayat
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sami Poudel
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Raju Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Poonam Devkota
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bishnu P Marasini
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Mithul Aravind S, Wichienchot S, Tsao R, Ramakrishnan S, Chakkaravarthi S. Role of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, their metabolites and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110189. [PMID: 33773665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health roles of dietary polyphenols in preventing oxidative stress related chronic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last two decades. As our understanding of the role of gut microbiota advances our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review focused onthe role of different types and sources of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis were discussed with reference to different types and sources of dietary polyphenols. Similarly, the mechanisms behind the health benefits by various polyphenolic metabolites bio-transformed by gut microbiota were also explained. However, further research should focus on the importance of human trials and profound links of polyphenols-gut microbiota-nerve-brain as they provide the key to unlock the mechanisms behind the observed benefits of dietary polyphenols found in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mithul Aravind
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Center of Excellence in Functional Food and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Korhong, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Chakkaravarthi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India.
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Gao X, Xu Z, Liu G, Wu J. Polyphenols as a versatile component in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:57-74. [PMID: 33166714 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of functional tissue or organs substitutes has always been the pursuit of goals in the field of tissue engineering. But even biocompatible tissue-engineered scaffolds still suffer from immune rejection, subsequent long-term oxidative stress and inflammation, which can delay normal tissue repair and regeneration. As a well-known natural antioxidant, polyphenols have been widely used in tissue engineering in recent years. The introduced polyphenols not only reduce the damage of oxidative stress to normal tissues, but show specific affinity to functional molecules, such as receptors, enzyme, transcription and transduction factors, etc. Therefore, polyphenols can promote the recovery process of damaged tissues by both regulating tissue microenvironment and participating in cell events, which embody specifically in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and growth-promoting properties. In addition, based on its hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, polyphenols have been widely used to improve the mechanical properties and anti-degradation properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this review, the research advances of tissue engineering scaffolds containing polyphenols is discussed systematically from the aspects of action mechanism, introduction method and regulation effect of polyphenols, in order to provide references for the rational design of polyphenol-related functional scaffolds.
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Alfarrayeh I, Fekete C, Gazdag Z, Papp G. Propolis ethanolic extract has double-face in vitro effect on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of some commercial probiotics. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1033-1039. [PMID: 33424397 PMCID: PMC7785450 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro effect of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) on planktonic growth and biofilm forming abilities of five commercial probiotics (Enterol, Protexin, Normaflore, BioGaia and Linex). Broth microdilution method was used to investigate the susceptibility of the microbes of five commercial probiotics to PEE. Crystal violet assay was used for the quantitative assessment of biofilm formation and mature biofilm eradication tests. Effect of PEE on autoaggregation ability and swarming motility of Normaflore microbes was determined. Planktonic forms of probiotics showed varied susceptibilities with minimal inhibitory concentration values in the range of 100-800 µg/mL of PEE. However, low PEE concentrations significantly enhanced the planktonic growth of Linex and BioGaia microbes. Biofilm studies revealed that Enterol and Protexin were non-biofilm formers, while BioGaia, Linex and Normaflore showed weak biofilms, which were inhibited by 12.5, 25, and 800 µg/mL of PEE, respectively. PEE revealed double-face effect on the biofilms of Normaflore and Linex, which were enhanced at low concentrations of PEE and inhibited at higher concentrations. Interestingly, Normaflore biofilms were shifted from weak to strong biofilms at low PEE concentrations (12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL). In conclusion, PEE has strain dependent controversial effects on the planktonic growth and biofilm forming ability of the tested probiotics, although high concentrations have inhibitory effect on all of them, low concentrations may have strain dependent prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alfarrayeh
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Sood H, Kumar Y, Gupta VK, Arora DS. Bioprospecting the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Bark phytoconstituents along with their biosafety evaluation and detection of antimicrobial components by GC-MS. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:78. [PMID: 33203457 PMCID: PMC7672880 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants provide a ray of hope to combat the ever increasing antibiotic resistance and Symplocos racemosa is a valuable medicinal plant. The study focused on highlighting the importance of this plant's phytoconstituents as potential source of novel antimicrobials against planktonic as well as biofilm forming microorganisms, along with their antiproliferative activity. The biosafety of the phytoconstituents was also established, followed by detection of probable antimicrobial components. METHODS The best organic extractant and major groups of phytoconstituents were tested for their antimicrobial activity against reference microbial strains and drug-resistant clinical isolates. The anti-proliferative potential of the most active group of phytoconstituents was evaluated against cancerous cell lines. The in vitro biosafety of phytoconstituents was evaluated by Ames and MTT assay, while in vivo biosafety of the most active phytoconstituents, i.e., flavonoids was determined by acute oral toxicity. Further, the probable antimicrobial components in the flavonoids were detected by TLC and GC-MS. RESULTS Ethyl acetate extract was the most effective among various organic extracts, whereas phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenes and phytosterols were the major groups present, with flavonoids being the most potent antimicrobials. The phytoconstituents displayed a significant antibiofilm potential, as exhibited by inhibition of initial cell attachment, disruption of the pre-formed biofilms and reduced metabolic activity of biofilms. The phytoconstituents were significantly active against the drug-resistant strains of E.coli, MRSA and Salmonella spp. Further, flavonoids showed significant cytotoxic effect against the cancerous cell lines but were non-cytotoxic against Vero (normal) cell line. All the test preparations were biosafe, as depicted by the Ames test and MTT assay. Also, flavonoids did not induce any abnormality in body weight, clinical signs, biochemical parameters and organs' histopathology of the Swiss albino mice during in vivo acute oral toxicity studies. The flavonoids were resolved into 4 bands (S1-S4), where S3 was the most active and its GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a number of compounds, where Bicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)- was the most abundant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the phytoconstituents from Symplocos racemosa bark could act as potential source of antimicrobial as well as antiproliferative metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Sood
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- National Salmonella & Escherichia Centre and Diagnostic Reagents Laboratory, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, HP, 173204, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C.Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh KrishiVishvavidyalaya, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Daljit Singh Arora
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Sateriale D, Imperatore R, Colicchio R, Pagliuca C, Varricchio E, Volpe MG, Salvatore P, Paolucci M, Pagliarulo C. Phytocompounds vs. Dental Plaque Bacteria: In vitro Effects of Myrtle and Pomegranate Polyphenolic Extracts Against Single-Species and Multispecies Oral Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592265. [PMID: 33224129 PMCID: PMC7674652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, resistant microbial infection rate has dramatically increased, especially infections due to biofilm-producing strains that require increasingly complex treatments and are responsible for the increased mortality percentages compared with other infectious diseases. Considering that biofilms represent a key factor for a wide range of chronic infections with high drug tolerance, the treatment of biofilm-causing bacterial infections represents a great challenge for the future. Among new alternative strategies to conventional antimicrobial agents, the scientific interest has shifted to the study of biologically active compounds from plant-related extracts with known antimicrobial properties, in order to also evaluate their antibiofilm activity. In this regard, the aim of this study has been to assess the antibiofilm activity of polyphenolic extracts from myrtle leaf and pomegranate peel against oral pathogens of dental plaque, an excellent polymicrobial biofilm model. In particular, the in vitro antibiofilm properties of myrtle and pomegranate extracts, also in binary combination, were highlighted. In addition to inhibiting the biofilm formation, the tested polyphenolic extracts have been proven to destroy both preformed single-species and multispecies biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, and Rothia dentocariosa oral isolates, suggesting that the new natural sources are rich in promising compounds able to counteract biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sateriale
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Matilla-Cuenca L, Gil C, Cuesta S, Rapún-Araiz B, Žiemytė M, Mira A, Lasa I, Valle J. Antibiofilm activity of flavonoids on staphylococcal biofilms through targeting BAP amyloids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18968. [PMID: 33144670 PMCID: PMC7641273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for causing infections related to indwelling medical devices, where this pathogen is able to attach and form biofilms. The intrinsic properties given by the self-produced extracellular biofilm matrix confer high resistance to antibiotics, triggering infections difficult to treat. Therefore, novel antibiofilm strategies targeting matrix components are urgently needed. The Biofilm Associated Protein, Bap, expressed by staphylococcal species adopts functional amyloid-like structures as scaffolds of the biofilm matrix. In this work we have focused on identifying agents targeting Bap-related amyloid-like aggregates as a strategy to combat S. aureus biofilm-related infections. We identified that the flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and scutellarein specifically inhibited Bap-mediated biofilm formation of S. aureus and other staphylococcal species. By using in vitro aggregation assays and the cell-based methodology for generation of amyloid aggregates based on the Curli-Dependent Amyloid Generator system (C-DAG), we demonstrated that these polyphenols prevented the assembly of Bap-related amyloid-like structures. Finally, using an in vivo catheter infection model, we showed that quercetin and myricetin significantly reduced catheter colonization by S. aureus. These results support the use of polyphenols as anti-amyloids molecules that can be used to treat biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Matilla-Cuenca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sergio Cuesta
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rapún-Araiz
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Departamento de Salud, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jaione Valle
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IDAB), CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
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Armstrong L, Araújo Vieira do Carmo M, Wu Y, Antônio Esmerino L, Azevedo L, Zhang L, Granato D. Optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from pu-erh tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) and evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antihemolytic, and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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79
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Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B, Świsłocka R, Kalinowska M, Golonko A, Świderski G, Arciszewska Ż, Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk E, Naumowicz M, Lewandowski W. Biologically Active Compounds of Plants: Structure-Related Antioxidant, Microbiological and Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Carboxylic Acids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4454. [PMID: 33049979 PMCID: PMC7579235 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural carboxylic acids are plant-derived compounds that are known to possess biological activity. The aim of this review was to compare the effect of structural differences of the selected carboxylic acids (benzoic acid (BA), cinnamic acid (CinA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), caffeic acid (CFA), rosmarinic acid (RA), and chicoric acid (ChA)) on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. The studied compounds were arranged in a logic sequence of increasing number of hydroxyl groups and conjugated bonds in order to investigate the correlations between the structure and bioactivity. A review of the literature revealed that RA exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and this property decreased in the following order: RA > CFA ~ ChA > p-CA > CinA > BA. In the case of antimicrobial properties, structure-activity relationships were not easy to observe as they depended on the microbial strain and the experimental conditions. The highest antimicrobial activity was found for CFA and CinA, while the lowest for RA. Taking into account anti-cancer properties of studied NCA, it seems that the presence of hydroxyl groups had an influence on intermolecular interactions and the cytotoxic potential of the molecules, whereas the carboxyl group participated in the chelation of endogenous transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15–245 Białystok, Poland; (Ż.A.); (E.N.-S.)
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15–351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (M.K.); (G.Ś.)
| | - Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15–351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (M.K.); (G.Ś.)
| | - Aleksandra Golonko
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02–532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Świderski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15–351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (M.K.); (G.Ś.)
| | - Żaneta Arciszewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15–245 Białystok, Poland; (Ż.A.); (E.N.-S.)
| | - Edyta Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15–245 Białystok, Poland; (Ż.A.); (E.N.-S.)
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15–245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15–351 Białystok, Poland; (R.Ś.); (M.K.); (G.Ś.)
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Grapevine phenolic compounds influence cell surface adhesion of Xylella fastidiosa and bind to lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240101. [PMID: 33007036 PMCID: PMC7531785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa specifically colonizes the plant vascular tissue through a complex process of cell adhesion, biofilm formation, and dispersive movement. Adaptation to the chemical environment of the xylem is essential for bacterial growth and progression of infection. Grapevine xylem sap contains a range of plant secondary metabolites such as phenolics, which fluctuate in response to pathogen infection and plant physiological state. Phenolic compounds are often involved in host-pathogen interactions and influence infection dynamics through signaling activity, antimicrobial properties, and alteration of bacterial phenotypes. The effect of biologically relevant concentrations of phenolic compounds coumaric acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, and resveratrol on growth of X. fastidiosa was assessed in vitro. None of these compounds inhibited bacterial growth, but epicatechin and gallic acid reduced cell-surface adhesion. Cell-cell aggregation decreased with resveratrol treatment, but the other phenolic compounds tested had minimal effect on aggregation. Expression of attachment (xadA) and aggregation (fimA) related genes were altered by presence of the phenolic compounds, consistent with observed phenotypes. All four of the phenolic compounds bound to purified X. fastidiosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell-surface component. Information regarding the impact of chemical environment on pathogen colonization in plants is important for understanding the infection process and factors associated with host susceptibility.
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81
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Inhibitory Effect of Phenolic Acids in Rubus coreanus on Glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3695-3703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lauryl Gallate Activity and Streptococcus mutans: Its Effects on Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity and Gene Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163685. [PMID: 32823528 PMCID: PMC7465467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans bacterium is implicated in the pathogenesis of dental caries due to the production of biofilm and organic acids from dietary sucrose. Despite the availability of various means of prophylaxis, caries still has a high worldwide prevalence. Therefore, it is important to find new pharmaceuticals to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation and acidogenicity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the activity of lauryl gallate (dodecyl gallate) against S. mutans acidogenicity, the expression of biofilm-associated genes, and biofilm development on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass). The biofilm quantities produced by S. mutans bacteria were assessed using colorimetric and optical profilometry techniques. Acidogenicity was evaluated by measuring the pH of the biofilm growth medium with microelectrode. Assessment of the expression of gene coding for glucan-binding protein B (gbpB), glucosyltranferases B, -C, -D (gtfB, -C, -D), and the F-ATPase β subunit of F1 protein (atpD) was carried out using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrate the capacity of lauryl gallate to significantly inhibit S. mutans acidogenicity and biofilm development on solid surfaces, in a dose-dependent manner, compared to untreated bacteria (p < 0.05). The highest activity of lauryl gallate occurred at a concentration of 98.98 µM, at which it suppressed biofilm formation by 100% and lowered pH levels by 98%. The effect of lauryl gallate treatment on gene expression changes, as demonstrated by our RT-qPCR data, was limited to the gtfD gene only, was a significant (48%) decrease in gene expression, obtained for the biofilm-producing bacteria, while a 300% increase in fold change for the same gene occurred in the planktonic cells. It is important to note that in previous studies we showed a broader effect of related derivatives. However, a similar magnitude of difference in effects between biofilm and planktonic cells for the atpD gene was obtained after treatment with octyl gallate and reverse magnitude for the same gene after treatment with ethyl gallate. Therefore, to ascertain the possible direct or indirect effects of lauryl gallate, as well as octyl gallate and ethyl gallate, more research is needed to examine the effects on the amount of enzymes and on the enzymatic activity of the products of the affected genes that are involved in the production and maintenance of biofilm by S. mutans.
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Vasudevan S, Thamil Selvan G, Bhaskaran S, Hari N, Solomon AP. Reciprocal Cooperation of Type A Procyanidin and Nitrofurantoin Against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) UPEC: A pH-Dependent Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:421. [PMID: 32850505 PMCID: PMC7431559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) accounts for the majority of complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The use of phytomolecules in the treatment of UTI is fast gaining attention. The current report identifies a multidrug-resistant strain (QSLUPEC7), which is a strong biofilm producer, among the considered clinical isolates. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity was evaluated for the phytomolecule, Type A procyanidin (TAP) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum against QSLUPEC7. TAP treatment did not affect the growth of the MDR strain but affected the biofilm formation (~70% inhibition). The confocal microscopic examination reveals the biofilm inhibition and the live cells in the biofilm corroborates the antimicrobial results. Further, the synergy studies of TAP and nitrofurantoin (NIT) were carried out at different pH. TAP acts synergistically with nitrofurantoin at different pH considered. A closer look in the results reveals that at pH 5.8, maximum growth inhibition is recorded. The gene expression analysis shows that TAP alone and in combination with NIT downregulates the major fimbriae adhesins of UPEC. The results conclude that the TAP has an antibiofilm activity against the multidrug-resistant strain of UPEC, without affecting the growth. Also, TAP reciprocally cooperates with nitrofurantoin at different pH by downregulating the adhesins of UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Thamil Selvan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sunil Bhaskaran
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Indus Biotech Private Limited, Pune, India
| | - Natarajan Hari
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Hasan M, Zafar A, Shahzadi I, Luo F, Hassan SG, Tariq T, Zehra S, Munawar T, Iqbal F, Shu X. Fractionation of Biomolecules in Withania coagulans Extract for Bioreductive Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antifungal and Biofilm Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3478. [PMID: 32751780 PMCID: PMC7435783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania coagulans contains a complex mixture of various bioactive compounds. In order to reduce the complexity of the plant extract to purify its phytochemical biomolecules, a novel fractionation strategy using different solvent combination ratios was applied to isolate twelve bioactive fractions. These fractions were tested for activity in the biogenic synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, biofilm and antifungal activities. The results revealed that plant extract with bioactive fractions in 30% ratio for all solvent combinations showed more potent bioreducing power, according to the observed color changes and the appearance of representative absorption peaks at 500-510 nm in the UV-visible spectra which confirm the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs). XRD diffraction was used to define the crystal structure, size and phase composition of the products. The fractions obtained using 90% methanol/hexane and 30% methanol/hexane showed more effectiveness against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus so these fractions could potentially be used to treat bacterial infections. The 90% hexane/H2O fraction showed excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, while the 70% methanol/hexane fraction showed good antifungal activity for C. albicans, so these fractions are potentially useful for the treatment of various fungal infections. On the whole it was concluded that fractionation based on effective combinations of methanol/hexane was useful to investigate and study bioactive compounds, and the active compounds from these fractions may be further purified and tested in various clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Hasan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (I.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (I.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (I.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Fan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Shahbaz Gul Hassan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (I.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Sadaf Zehra
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Tauseef Munawar
- Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (T.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Faisal Iqbal
- Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (T.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
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Abstract
Beer is a fermented beverage in which antioxidants can contribute to the oxidative stability and nutraceutical properties of the product. Aronia berries are antioxidant-rich fruits of distinct sour and astringent taste, limiting their culinary uses. Previously, fermentation has proven to be effective in the removal of astringent tastes from various fruit juices. In this study, a single malt pale ale was produced and infused with Aronia berries under various process conditions by adding the antioxidant-rich fruits at different stages of the beer brewing process. The polyphenol content, antioxidant potential and color were determined. There was a positive correlation between the Aronia amount added and antioxidant capacity. Higher concentrations of added Aronia also increased the polyphenol content and EBC color rating, while no change in the resulting pH was observed. An increase in the Aronia amount increased the attenuation, showing a positive effect on sugar utilization during fermentation. The addition of Aronia after the boil yielded the highest coloration and antioxidative capacity, while addition before the boil yielded a similar antioxidative capacity with a lower EBC rating. Taken together, the infusion of pale ale with Aronia berries can increase the EBC rating, polyphenol content and antioxidative capacity of the beer.
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86
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Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Biological Activity of Iris spp. (Iridaceae): A New Source of Bioactive Constituents for the Inhibition of Oral Bacterial Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070403. [PMID: 32664528 PMCID: PMC7399867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition and eradication of oral biofilms is increasingly focused on the use of plant extracts as mouthwashes and toothpastes adjuvants. Here, we report on the chemical composition and the antibiofilm activity of 15 methanolic extracts of Iris species against both mono-(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and multi-species oral biofilms (Streptococcus gordonii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii). The phytochemical profiles of Iris pallida s.l., Iris versicolor L., Iris lactea Pall., Iris carthaliniae Fomin, and Iris germanica were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis, and a total of 180 compounds were identified among Iris species with (iso)flavonoid dominancy. I. pallida, I. versicolor, and I. germanica inhibited both the quorum sensing and adhesion during biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the extracts were less active against maturated biofilms. Of the five tested species, Iris pallida s.l. was the most effective at both inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting existing biofilms, and the leaf extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect compared to the root and rhizome extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was excluded in human fibroblasts. The inhibition of bacterial adhesion significantly correlated with myristic acid content, and quorum sensing inhibition correlated with the 7-β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one content. These findings could be useful for establishing an effective tool for the control of oral biofilms and thus dental diseases.
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87
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Polyphenols in Dental Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030072. [PMID: 32645860 PMCID: PMC7552636 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: polyphenols are a broad class of molecules extracted from plants and have a large repertoire of biological activities. Biomimetic inspiration from the effects of tea or red wine on the surface of cups or glass lead to the emergence of versatile surface chemistry with polyphenols. Owing to their hydrogen bonding abilities, coordination chemistry with metallic cations and redox properties, polyphenols are able to interact, covalently or not, with a large repertoire of chemical moieties, and can hence be used to modify the surface chemistry of almost all classes of materials. (2) Methods: the use of polyphenols to modify the surface properties of dental materials, mostly enamel and dentin, to afford them with better adhesion to resins and improved biological properties, such as antimicrobial activity, started more than 20 years ago, but no general overview has been written to our knowledge. (3) Results: the present review is aimed to show that molecules from all the major classes of polyphenolics allow for low coast improvements of dental materials and engineering of dental tissues.
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Abraham WR. Commentary on "Antimicrobial Capacity of Plant Polyphenols against Gram-positive Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review" authored by Enrique Barrajón-Catalán, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202. Spain. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4750-4752. [PMID: 32571199 DOI: 10.2174/092986732728200621213702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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90
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Sims K, He B, Koo H, Benoit DS. Electrostatic Interactions Enable Nanoparticle Delivery of the Flavonoid Myricetin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12649-12659. [PMID: 32548448 PMCID: PMC7288370 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds with myriad biological activities and potential as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. However, poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability have limited the clinical utility of flavonoids, suggesting that drug delivery systems (DDSs) may improve their clinical relevance. Therefore, loading of a representative flavonoid (i.e., myricetin) into a diblock, polymeric nanoparticle carrier (NPC) DDS with a cationic corona and hydrophobic core was investigated. Absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed association constants and standard Gibbs free energy values that align with previously reported values (K a = ∼1-3 × 104 M-1; ΔG° = -5.4 to -6.0 kcal mol-1), suggesting that NPCs load myricetin via electrostatic interactions. The zeta potential and gel electrophoresis analysis confirmed this loading mechanism and indicated that NPCs improve myricetin solubility >25-fold compared to myricetin alone. Finally, the dual-drug loading of NPCs was tested using a combination of myricetin and a hydrophobic drug (i.e., farnesol). Electrostatic loading of NPCs with myricetin at concentrations ≤1.2 mM did not affect NPC core loading and release of farnesol, thus demonstrating a novel formulation strategy for the dual-drug-loaded NPC. These findings offer key insights into the NPC DDS design that may enhance the clinical relevance of flavonoid-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth
R. Sims
- Translational
Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United
States
| | - Brian He
- Department
of Statistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United
States
- Materials
Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Center
for Oral Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- . Phone: 585
273 2698. Fax: 585 276 1999
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91
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Inhibition of multidrug-resistant foodborne Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a natural terpenoid (+)-nootkatone and related molecular mechanism. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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92
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Bumunang EW, Ateba CN, Stanford K, Niu YD, Wang Y, McAllister TA. Activity of Bacteriophage and Complex Tannins against Biofilm-Forming Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Canada and South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E257. [PMID: 32429187 PMCID: PMC7277190 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, natural killers of bacteria, and plant secondary metabolites, such as condensed tannins, are potential agents for the control of foodborne pathogens. The first objective of this study evaluated the efficacy of a bacteriophage SA21RB in reducing pre-formed biofilms on stainless-steel produced by two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, one from South Africa and the other from Canada. The second objective examined the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of condensed tannin (CT) from purple prairie clover and phlorotannins (PT) from brown seaweed against these strains. For 24-h-old biofilms, (O113:H21; 6.2 log10 colony-forming units per square centimeter (CFU/cm2) and O154:H10; 5.4 log10 CFU/cm2), 3 h of exposure to phage (1013 plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL)) reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the number of viable cells attached to stainless-steel coupons by 2.5 and 2.1 log10 CFU/cm2 for O113:H21 and O154:H10, respectively. However, as biofilms matured, the ability of phage to control biofilm formation declined. In biofilms formed for 72 h (O113:H21; 5.4 log10 CFU/cm2 and O154:H10; 7 log10 CFU/cm2), reductions after the same duration of phage treatment were only 0.9 and 1.3 log10 CFU/cm2 for O113:H21 and O154:H10, respectively. Initial screening of CT and PT for anti-bacterial activity by a microplate assay indicated that both STEC strains were less sensitive (p ≤ 0.05) to CT than PT over a concentration range of 25-400 µg/mL. Based on the lower activity of CT (25-400 µg/mL), they were not further examined. Accordingly, PT (50 µg/mL) inhibited (p ≤ 0.05) biofilm formation for up to 24 h of incubation at 22 °C, but this inhibition progressively declined over 72 h for both O154:H10 and O113:H21. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both SA21RB and PT eliminated 24 h biofilms, but that both strains were able to adhere and form biofilms on stainless-steel coupons at longer incubation times. These findings revealed that phage SA21RB is more effective at disrupting 24 than 72 h biofilms and that PT were able to inhibit biofilm formation of both E. coli O154:H10 and O113:H21 for up to 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel W. Bumunang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (E.W.B.); (C.N.A.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
| | - Collins N. Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (E.W.B.); (C.N.A.)
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Y. Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
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93
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Priya A, Pandian SK. Piperine Impedes Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Morphogenesis of Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:756. [PMID: 32477284 PMCID: PMC7237707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the primary etiological agent associated with the pathogenesis of candidiasis. Unrestricted growth of C. albicans in the oral cavity may lead to oral candidiasis, which can progress to systemic infections in worst scenarios. Biofilm of C. albicans encompasses yeast and hyphal forms, where hyphal formation and yeast to hyphal morphological transitions are contemplated as the key virulence elements. Current clinical repercussions necessitate the identification of therapeutic agent that can limit the biofilm formation and escalating the susceptibility of C. albicans to immune system and conventional antifungals. In the present study, a plant-derived alkaloid molecule, piperine, was investigated for the antibiofilm and antihyphal activities against C. albicans. Piperine demonstrated a concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity without exerting negative impact on growth and metabolic activity. Inhibition in the hyphal development was witnessed through confocal laser-scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, piperine displayed a tremendous potential to inhibit the virulence-associated colony morphologies, such as filamentation and wrinkling. Furthermore, piperine regulated morphological transitions between yeast and hyphal forms by inhibiting hyphal extension and swapping hyphal phase to yeast forms yet under filamentation-inducing circumstances. Remarkably, piperine-challenged C. albicans exhibited low potential for spontaneous antibiofilm resistance development. In addition, piperine effectively reduced in vivo colonization and prolonged survival of C. albicans-infected Caenorhabditis elegans, thereby expounding the distinct antivirulent potential. Transcriptomic analysis revealed piperine significantly downregulating the expression of several biofilm related and hyphal-specific genes (ALS3, HWP1, EFG1, CPH1, etc.). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was observed in the HBECs and nematodes exposed to piperine. Altogether, results from this study reveals the potential of piperine to inhibit biofilm and hyphal morphogenesis, and its in vivo efficacy and innocuous nature to HBECs suggests that piperine may be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of biofilm-associated C. albicans infection, especially for oral candidiasis.
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94
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Metagenomic Insight Towards Vanillin-Mediated Membrane Biofouling Prevention: In Silico Docking Validation. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2233-2247. [PMID: 32382950 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling leads to water quality deterioration and higher maintenance cost for cleaning of membranes. The present study has demonstrated the application of a biomolecule (vanillin) in scrubbing and destabilizing biofilms of drinking water reverse osmosis (RO) membrane module in lab scale reactor set-up. Reverse osmosis membrane reactor was connected with tap water supply and subjected with optimal concentration of vanillin. The pressure drop was delayed by 17-20 days as compared to control reactor. Real-time PCR analysis of metagenome indicated the reduced copy number of functional biofilm-associated genes (bdlA, lasI, pgaC) in treated membrane. SEM and metagenome analysis revealed that the sticky biofilm communities shifted to loosely bound emboli after vanillin treatment. Metagenome sequence analysis revealed the inhibitory activity against major biofouling biota like members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Acnitobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Candidatus, Nitrospira, and Firmicutes. Biofouled membrane metagenome sequence was also compared with real-life (brackish water, waste water, domestic drinking water) biofouled membrane communities. In silico docking of vanillin to receptor proteins and chemical configuration simulation along with other phenolic derivatives were performed, which suggested that the autoiducer signal capability of vanillin was effective against representative broad spectrum biofilm population. Vanillin exhibited the quorum-quenching mode of action by virtue of docking towards similar amino acid (Thr 131, Ilu 214) responsible of autoinducer signal anchoring in the transcriptional regulatory proteins.
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95
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Olszewska MA, Gędas A, Simões M. Antimicrobial polyphenol-rich extracts: Applications and limitations in the food industry. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109214. [PMID: 32517896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the common ways to prevent food spoilage throughout product's shelf life is by using artificial/synthetic preservatives. However, the growing negative perception of consumers over synthetic preservatives has encouraged the food industry to consider their natural alternatives. Plant extracts, increasingly recognized as consumer-friendly, represent a valuable source of active compounds, mostly polyphenols, with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Hence, this article focuses mainly on the antimicrobial activity of plant-based polyphenol-rich extracts as well as on their potential use and limitations in the food industry. Some new trends such as antimicrobial food packaging combined with plant extracts and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combined with a natural photosensitiser, curcumin, are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Astrid Gędas
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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96
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Diarra MS, Hassan YI, Block GS, Drover JC, Delaquis P, Oomah BD. Antibacterial activities of a polyphenolic-rich extract prepared from American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruit pomace against Listeria spp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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97
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Muthamil S, Prasath KG, Priya A, Precilla P, Pandian SK. Global proteomic analysis deciphers the mechanism of action of plant derived oleic acid against Candida albicans virulence and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5113. [PMID: 32198447 PMCID: PMC7083969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus in humans, mostly found on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, gut, vagina and skin. Incidence of ever increasing invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, alarming occurrence of antifungal resistance and insufficient diagnostic methods demand more focused research into C. albicans pathogenicity. Consequently, in the present study, oleic acid from Murraya koenigii was shown to have the efficacy to inhibit biofilm formation and virulence of Candida spp. Results of in vitro virulence assays and gene expression analysis, impelled to study the protein targets which are involved in the molecular pathways of C. albicans pathogenicity. Proteomic studies of differentially expressed proteins reveals that oleic acid induces oxidative stress responses and mainly targets the proteins involved in glucose metabolism, ergosterol biosynthesis, lipase production, iron homeostasis and amino acid biosynthesis. The current study emphasizes anti-virulent potential of oleic acid which can be used as a therapeutic agent to treat Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muthamil
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Ganesh Prasath
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pitchai Precilla
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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98
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Sánchez MC, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Bartolomé B, Figuero E, Moreno-Arribas MV, Sanz M, Herrera D. New Evidences of Antibacterial Effects of Cranberry Against Periodontal Pathogens. Foods 2020; 9:E246. [PMID: 32102416 PMCID: PMC7074180 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worrying rise in antibiotic resistances emphasizes the need to seek new approaches for treating and preventing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cranberry in a validated in vitro biofilm model. After chemical characterization of a selected phenolic-rich cranberry extract, its values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were calculated for the six bacteria forming the biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Antibacterial activity of the cranberry extract in the formed biofilm was evaluated by assessing the reduction in bacteria viability, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA), and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and anti-biofilm activity by studying the inhibition of the incorporation of different bacteria species in biofilms formed in the presence of the cranberry extract, using qPCR and CLSM. In planktonic state, bacteria viability was significantly reduced by cranberry (p < 0.05). When growing in biofilms, a significant effect was observed against initial and early colonizers (S. oralis (p ≤ 0.017), A. naeslundii (p = 0.006) and V. parvula (p = 0.010)) after 30 or 60 s of exposure, while no significant effects were detected against periodontal pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans (p > 0.05)). Conversely, cranberry significantly (p < 0.001 in all cases) interfered with the incorporation of five of the six bacteria species during the development of 6 h-biofilms, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum. It was concluded that cranberry had a moderate antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in biofilms, but relevant anti-biofilm properties, by affecting bacteria adhesion in the first 6 h of development of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (H.R.-V.); (E.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (H.R.-V.); (E.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.B.); (M.V.M.-A.)
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (H.R.-V.); (E.F.); (M.S.)
| | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.B.); (M.V.M.-A.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (H.R.-V.); (E.F.); (M.S.)
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (H.R.-V.); (E.F.); (M.S.)
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99
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Takó M, Kerekes EB, Zambrano C, Kotogán A, Papp T, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C. Plant Phenolics and Phenolic-Enriched Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Food-Contaminating Microorganisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E165. [PMID: 32085580 PMCID: PMC7070704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and extracts with bioactive properties can be obtained from many kinds of plant materials. These natural substances have gained attention in the food research as possible growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Many phenolic-enriched plant extracts and individual phenolics have promising anti-quorum sensing potential as well and can suppress the biofilm formation and toxin production of food-related pathogens. Various studies have shown that plant phenolics can substitute or support the activity of synthetic food preservatives and disinfectants, which, by the way, can provoke serious concerns in consumers. In this review, we will provide a brief insight into the bioactive properties, i.e., the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm and anti-enterotoxin activities, of plant phenolic extracts and compounds, with special attention to pathogen microorganisms that have food relation. Carbohydrase aided applications to improve the antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Alexandra Kotogán
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
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100
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Rajapakse S, Giardino MA, Kulasekara HD, Darveau RP, Chang AM. An Ayurvedic Herbal Extract Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Disrupts Preformed Biofilms in vitro. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE & CLINICAL NATUROPATHY 2020; 9:291. [PMID: 33604521 PMCID: PMC7889019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudantha® (SUD), a natural proprietary mixture of herbal extracts that has been incorporated into toothpaste, has been shown in two separate placebo controlled human clinical studies to promote gingival health; and reduce gingival bleeding and plaque formation. However, the herbal based anti-gingivitis mechanisms of Sudantha are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Sudantha on dental plaque biofilms by investigating its effect on mono-culture biofilms of a primary colonizer, Streptococcus mutans, in vitro. RESULTS This study found that SUD contributes to the maintenance of oral health through the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. In addition, SUD disrupted preformed S. mutans biofilms after exposure to SUD for 4 hours. Together, this pilot data suggests the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation and disruption represents one potential mechanism by which the herbal extract is able to reduce the oral bacterial biofilm resulting in its effective against gingivitis and its potential use in countering biofilm associated oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunethra Rajapakse
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael A Giardino
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Richard P Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana M Chang
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author: Ana M Chang, Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,
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