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Bajetto A, Pattarozzi A, Corsaro A, Barbieri F, Daga A, Bosio A, Gatti M, Pisaturo V, Sirito R, Florio T. Different Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Direct Cell Interaction or Via Released Soluble Factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:312. [PMID: 29081734 PMCID: PMC5645520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is an aggressive, fast-growing and highly vascularized tumor, characterized by extensive invasiveness and local recurrence. In GBM and other malignancies, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to drive invasive tumor growth and recurrence, being responsible for radio- and chemo-therapy resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that exhibit tropism for tumor microenvironment mediated by cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Initial studies proposed that MSCs might exert inhibitory effects on tumor development, although, to date, contrasting evidence has been provided. Different studies reported either MSC anti-tumor activity or their support to tumor growth. Here, we examined the effects of umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs on in vitro GBM-derived CSC growth, by direct cell-to-cell interaction or indirect modulation, via the release of soluble factors. We demonstrate that UC-MSCs and CSCs exhibit reciprocal tropism when co-cultured as 3D spheroids and their direct cell interaction reduces the proliferation of both cell types. Contrasting effects were obtained by UC-MSC released factors: CSCs, cultured in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) collected from UC-MSCs, increased proliferation rate through transient ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation/activation. Analysis of the profile of the cytokines released by UC-MSCs in the CM revealed a strong production of molecules involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, such as IL-8, GRO, ENA-78 and IL-6. Since CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a receptor shared by several of these ligands, is expressed in GBM CSCs, we evaluated its involvement in CSC proliferation induced by UC-MSC-CM. Using the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002, we observed a partial but statistically significant inhibition of CSC proliferation and migration induced by the UC-MSC-released cytokines. Conversely, CXCR2 blockade did not reduce the reciprocal tropism between CSCs and UC-MSCs grown as spheroids. In conclusion, we show that direct (cell-to-cell contact) or indirect (via the release of soluble factors) interactions between GBM CSCs and UC-MSCs in co-culture produce divergent effects on cell growth, invasion and migration, with the former mainly causing an inhibitory response and the latter a stimulatory one, involving a paracrine activation of CXCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Gene Transfer Lab, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Bosio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Gatti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,International Evangelical Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Franz JM, Portela P, Salim PH, Berger M, Fernando Jobim L, Roesler R, Jobim M, Schwartsmann G. CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype may predict earlier clinical stage at diagnosis in patients with prostate cancer. Cytokine 2017; 97:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:24-31. [PMID: 28866366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described asa chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful asa pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José L Pérez-Gracia
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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54
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Cheng HT, Yu HY, Gordon JR, Li F, Cheng JW. Effects of K11R and G31P Mutations on the Structure and Biological Activities of CXCL8: Solution Structure of Human CXCL8 (3-72)K11R/G31P. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071229. [PMID: 28754019 PMCID: PMC6152285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ELR-CXC chemokines are important to neutrophil inflammation in many acute and chronic diseases. Among them, CXCL8 (interleukin-8, IL-8), the expression levels of which are elevated in many inflammatory diseases, binds to both the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors with high affinity. Recently, an analogue of human CXCL8, CXCL8(3–72)K11R/G31P (hG31P) has been developed. It has been demonstrated that hG31P is a high affinity antagonist for both the CXCR1 and CXCR2. Herein, we have determined the solution structure and the CXCR1 N-terminal peptide binding sites of hG31P by NMR spectroscopy. We have found that the displacement within the tertiary structure of the 30 s loop and the N-terminal region and more specifically change of the loop conformation (especially H33), of hG31P may affect its binding to the CXCR1 receptor and thereby inhibit human neutrophil chemotactic responses induced by ELR-CXC chemokines. Our results provide a structural basis for future clinical investigations of this CXCR1/CXCR2 receptor antagonist and for the further development of CXCL8 based antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Tsung Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - John R Gordon
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jya-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Poznanski SM, Lee AJ, Nham T, Lusty E, Larché MJ, Lee DA, Ashkar AA. Combined Stimulation with Interleukin-18 and Interleukin-12 Potently Induces Interleukin-8 Production by Natural Killer Cells. J Innate Immun 2017. [PMID: 28633138 DOI: 10.1159/000477172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-12 (IL-18+IL-12) potently stimulates natural killer (NK) cells, triggering an innate immune response to infections and cancers. Strategies exploiting the effects of IL-18+IL-12 have shown promise for cancer immunotherapy. However, studies have primarily characterized the NK cell response to IL-18+IL-12 in terms of interferon (IFN)-γ production, with little focus on other cytokines produced. IL-8 plays a critical role in activating and recruiting immune cells, but it also has tumor-promoting functions. IL-8 is classically produced by regulatory NK cells; however, cytotoxic NK cells do not typically produce IL-8. In this study, we uncover that stimulation with IL-18+IL-12 induces high levels of IL-8 production by ex vivo expanded and freshly isolated NK cells and NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We further report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, produced by NK cells following IL-18+IL-12 stimulation, regulates IL-8 production. The IL-8 produced is in turn required for maximal IFN-γ and TNF-α production. These findings may have important implications for the immune response to infections and cancer immunotherapies. This study broadens our understanding of NK cell function and IL-18+IL-12 synergy by uncovering an unprecedented ability of IL-18+IL-12-activated peripheral blood NK cells to produce elevated levels of IL-8 and identifying the requirement for intermediates induced by IL-18+IL-12 for maximal cytokine production following stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Poznanski
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Liewert I, Ehrig K, Alban S. Effects of fucoidans and heparin on reactions of neutrophils induced by IL-8 and C5a. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:462-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bishayi B, Nandi A, Dey R, Adhikary R. Expression of CXCR1 (IL-8 receptor A) in splenic, peritoneal macrophages and resident bone marrow cells after acute live or heat killed Staphylococcus aureus stimulation in mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:131-150. [PMID: 28552636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Literature reveals that interaction with live Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or heat killed S. aureus (HKSA) promotes secretion of CXCL-8 or interleukin-8 (IL-8) from leukocytes, however, the expressions of CXCR1 in murine splenic (SPM), peritoneal macrophages (PM) and resident fresh bone marrow cells (FBMC) have not been identified. Currently, very few studies are available on the functional characterization of CXCR1 in mouse macrophage subtypes and its modulation in relation to acute S. aureus infection. SPM, PM and FBMCs were infected with viable S. aureus or stimulated with HKSA in presence and absence of anti-CXCR1 antibody in this study. We reported here that CXCR1 was not constitutively expressed by macrophage subtypes and the receptor was induced only after S. aureus stimulation. The CXCR1 band was found specific as we compared with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) as a positive control (data not shown). Although, we did not show that secreted IL-8 from S. aureus-infected macrophages promotes migration of PMNs. Blocking of cell surface CXCR1 decreases the macrophage's ability to clear staphylococcal infection, attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production and the increased catalase and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes of the bacteria might indicate their role in scavenging macrophage derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The decreased levels of cytokines due to CXCR1 blockade before S. aureus infection appear to regulate the killing of bacteria by destroying H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, functional importance of macrophage subpopulation heterogeneity might be important in designing new effective approaches to limit S. aureus infection induced inflammation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rana Adhikary
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
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58
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Schueller K, Riva A, Pfeiffer S, Berry D, Somoza V. Members of the Oral Microbiota Are Associated with IL-8 Release by Gingival Epithelial Cells in Healthy Individuals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:416. [PMID: 28360899 PMCID: PMC5350107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggers for the onset of oral diseases are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral bacterial community in healthy humans and its association with nutrition, oral hygiene habits, and the release of the inflammatory marker IL-8 from gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with and without stimulation by bacterial endotoxins to identify possible indicator operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with inflammatory marker status. GECs from 21 healthy participants (13 females, 8 males) were incubated with or without addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene-targeted sequencing. The basal IL-8 release after 6 h was between 9.9 and 98.2 pg/ml, and bacterial communities were characteristic for healthy oral microbiota. The composition of the oral microbiota was associated with basal IL-8 levels, the intake of meat, tea, white wine, sweets and the use of chewing gum, as well as flossing habits, allergies, gender and body mass index. Additionally, eight OTUs were associated with high basal levels of IL-8 and GEC response to LPS, with high basal levels of IL-8, and 1 with low basal levels of IL8. The identification of indicator bacteria in healthy subjects with high levels of IL-8 release is of importance as they may be promising early warning indicators for the possible onset of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schueller
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Pfeiffer
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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59
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Gatla HR, Zou Y, Uddin MM, Singha B, Bu P, Vancura A, Vancurova I. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition Induces IκB Kinase (IKK)-dependent Interleukin-8/CXCL8 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5043-5054. [PMID: 28167529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the pro-angiogenic chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) is associated with a poor prognosis in several solid tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Even though histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has shown remarkable antitumor activity in hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in solid tumors, including EOC. Here we report results that may explain the decreased efficiency of HDAC inhibition in EOC, based on our data demonstrating that HDAC inhibition specifically induces expression of IL-8/CXCL8 in SKOV3, CAOV3, and OVCAR3 cells. Suppression or neutralization of vorinostat-induced IL-8/CXCL8 potentiates the vorinostat inhibitory effect on cell viability and proliferation. The IL-8/CXCL8 expression induced by vorinostat in EOC cells is dependent on IκB kinase (IKK) activity and associated with a gene-specific recruitment of IKKβ and IKK-dependent recruitment of p65 NFκB to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter. In addition, HDAC inhibition induces acetylation of p65 and histone H3 and their IL-8/CXCL8 promoter occupancy. In vivo results demonstrate that combining vorinostat and the IKK inhibitor Bay 117085 significantly reduces tumor growth in nude mice compared with control untreated mice or either drug alone. Mice in the combination group had the lowest IL-8/CXCL8 tumor levels and the lowest tumor expression of the murine neutrophil [7/4] antigen, indicating reduced neutrophil infiltration. Together, our results demonstrate that HDAC inhibition specifically induces IL-8/CXCL8 expression in EOC cells and that the mechanism involves IKK, suggesting that using IKK inhibitors may increase the effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors when treating ovarian cancer and other solid tumors characterized by increased IL-8/CXCL8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himavanth R Gatla
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Yue Zou
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | | | - Pengli Bu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Ales Vancura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
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60
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Malhi S, Stesco N, Alrushaid S, Lakowski TM, Davies NM, Gu X. Simultaneous quantification of reparixin and paclitaxel in plasma and urine using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS): Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:165-171. [PMID: 28187377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed and validated to simultaneously quantify anticancer drugs reparixin and paclitaxel in this study. The compounds were extracted from plasma and urine samples by protein precipitation with acetone (supplemented with 0.1% formic acid). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column, and drug molecules were ionized using dual ion source electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DUIS: ESI-APCI). Reparixin and paclitaxel were quantified using negative and positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, respectively. Stable isotope palcitaxel-D5 was used as the internal standard (IS). The assay was validated for specificity, recovery, carryover and sample stability under various storage conditions; it was also successfully applied to measure drug concentrations collected from a pharmacokinetic study in rats. The results confirmed that the assay was accurate and simple in quantifying both reparixin and paclitaxel in plasma and urine with minimal sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarandeep Malhi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nicholas Stesco
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Samaa Alrushaid
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ted M Lakowski
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Neal M Davies
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xiaochen Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada.
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61
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Aikins AR, Kim M, Raymundo B, Kim CW. Downregulation of transgelin blocks interleukin-8 utilization and suppresses vasculogenic mimicry in breast cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:573-583. [PMID: 28058861 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a non-classical mechanism recently described in many tumors, whereby cancer cells, rather than endothelial cells, form blood vessels. Transgelin is an actin-binding protein that has been implicated in multiple stages of cancer development. In this study, we investigated the role of transgelin in VM and assessed its effect on the expression of endothelial and angiogenesis-related genes during VM in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We confirmed the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo VM through a tube formation assay. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in the expression of the endothelial-related markers VE-cadherin and CD34 in cells that underwent VM, compared with those growing in a monolayer, which was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. We employed siRNA to silence transgelin, and knockdown efficiency was determined by western blot analyses. Downregulation of transgelin suppressed cell proliferation and tube formation, but increased IL-8 levels in Matrigel cultures. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression of IL-8, VE-cadherin, and CD34 was unaffected by transgelin knockdown, indicating that increased IL-8 expression was not due to enhanced transcriptional activity. More importantly, the inhibition of IL-8/CXCR2 signaling also resulted in suppression of VM with increased IL-8 levels, confirming that increased IL-8 levels after transgelin knockdown was due to inhibition of IL-8 uptake. Our findings indicate that transgelin regulates VM by enhancing IL uptake. These observations are relevant to the future development of efficient antivascular agents. Impact statement Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an angiogenic-independent mechanism of blood vessel formation whereby aggressive tumor cells undergo formation of capillary-like structures. Thus, interventions aimed at angiogenesis might not target the entire tumor vasculature. A more holistic approach is therefore needed in the development of improved antivascular agents. Transgelin, an actin-binding protein, has been associated with multiple stages of cancer development such as proliferation, migration and invasion, but little is known about its role in vasculogenic mimicry. We present here, an additional mechanism by which transgelin promotes malignancy by way of its association with the occurrence of VM. Although transgelin knockdown did not affect the transcript levels of most of the angiogenesis-related genes in this study, it was associated with the inhibition of the uptake of IL-8, accompanied by suppressed VM, indicating that transgelin is required for VM. These observations are relevant to the future development of efficient antivascular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia R Aikins
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.,2 Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - MiJung Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.,3 Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University 136-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bernardo Raymundo
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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The accessory proteins REEP5 and REEP6 refine CXCR1-mediated cellular responses and lung cancer progression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39041. [PMID: 27966653 PMCID: PMC5155276 DOI: 10.1038/srep39041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Some G-protein-coupled receptors have been reported to require accessory proteins with specificity for proper functional expression. In this study, we found that CXCR1 interacted with REEP5 and REEP6, but CXCR2 did not. Overexpression of REEP5 and REEP6 enhanced IL-8-stimulated cellular responses through CXCR1, whereas depletion of the proteins led to the downregulation of the responses. Although REEPs enhanced the expression of a subset of GPCRs, in the absence of REEP5 and REEP6, CXCR1 was expressed in the plasma membrane, but receptor internalization and intracellular clustering of β-arrestin2 following IL-8 treatment were impaired, suggesting that REEP5 and REEP6 might be involved in the ligand-stimulated endocytosis of CXCR1 rather than membrane expression, which resulted in strong cellular responses. In A549 lung cancer cells, which endogenously express CXCR1, the depletion of REEP5 and REEP6 significantly reduced growth and invasion by downregulating IL-8-stimulated ERK phosphorylation, actin polymerization and the expression of genes related to metastasis. Furthermore, an in vivo xenograft model showed that proliferation and metastasis of A549 cells lacking REEP5 and REEP6 were markedly decreased compared to the control group. Thus, REEP5 and REEP6 could be novel regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling whose functional mechanisms differ from other accessory proteins.
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63
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Manfroi B, McKee T, Mayol JF, Tabruyn S, Moret S, Villiers C, Righini C, Dyer M, Callanan M, Schneider P, Tzankov A, Matthes T, Sturm N, Huard B. CXCL-8/IL8 Produced by Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas Recruits Neutrophils Expressing a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand APRIL. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1097-1107. [PMID: 27923834 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils have been implicated in malignant development and progression, but mechanisms are ill defined. Neutrophils produce a proliferation-inducing ligand APRIL/TNFSF13, a factor that promotes development of tumors from diverse origins, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). High APRIL expression in DLBCL correlates with reduced patient survival, but the pathway(s) dictating APRIL expression are not known. Here, we show that all blood neutrophils constitutively secrete APRIL, and inflammation-associated stimuli, such as TNF, further upregulate APRIL. In a significant fraction of DLBCL patients, tumor cells constitutively produced the ELC-CXC chemokine CXCL-8 (IL8), enabling them to recruit APRIL-producing blood neutrophils. CXCL-8 production in DLBCL was unrelated to the cell of origin, as APRIL-producing neutrophils infiltrated CXCL-8+ DLBCL from both germinal center (GC) and non-GC subtypes. Rather, CXCL-8 production implied events affecting DNA methylation and acetylation. Overall, our results showed that chemokine-mediated recruitment of neutrophils secreting the tumor-promoting factor APRIL mediates DLBCL progression. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1097-107. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Manfroi
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Thomas McKee
- Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastien Moret
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, Geneva University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Villiers
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Christian Righini
- Head and Neck Department, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France
| | - Martin Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Hematological Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Callanan
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Hematology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France.,Department of Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital of Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Albert Bonniot Institute, INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France.
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64
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RAS-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Is Required for Enhanced PD-L1 Expression in Human Lung Cancers. PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 27846317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166626.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is related to immune evasion by cancer, and it is a molecular target of immune checkpoint therapies. Although some altered signals in NSCLCs are responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, the precise mechanisms remain obscure. Because we found a higher frequency of EGFR/KRAS mutations in NSCLC cell lines with high PD-L1 expression (p < 0.001), we evaluated the relationships between downstream signals and PD-L1 expression, particularly in three KRAS-mutant adenocarcinoma cell lines. The MEK inhibitor U0126 (20 μM) significantly decreased the surface PD-L1 levels by 50-60% compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (p < 0.0001). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation (100 nM, 15 min) increased (p < 0.05) and two ERK2 siRNAs as well as KRAS siRNAs decreased (p < 0.05) PD-L1 expression. The transcriptional activity of the potential AP-1 site (+4785 to +5056 from the transcription start site) in the PD-L1 gene was demonstrated by luciferase assays, which was inhibited by U0126. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the binding of cJUN to the AP-1 site. Two STAT3 siRNAs decreased PD-L1 expression by 10-32% in two of the three KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (p < 0.05), while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (40 μM) did not change the expression level. Supervised cluster analysis and gene set enrichment analysis between the PD-L1-high and -low NSCLCs revealed a correlation between PD-L1 expression and genes/pathways related to cell motility/adhesion. These results indicate that MAPK signaling is the dominant downstream signal responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, in which STAT3 is also involved to some extent. Furthermore, MAPK signaling may control the expression of PD-L1 and several genes related to enhanced cell motility. Our findings suggest that MAPK, along with STAT3, is important for determining PD-L1 expression, which could be useful for targeted therapies against lung cancers.
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65
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Ibrahim SA, Kulshrestha A, Katara GK, Amin MA, Beaman KD. Cancer derived peptide of vacuolar ATPase 'a2' isoform promotes neutrophil migration by autocrine secretion of IL-8. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36865. [PMID: 27845385 PMCID: PMC5109272 DOI: 10.1038/srep36865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play significant regulatory roles within the tumor microenvironment by directly promoting tumor progression that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Identifying the tumor associated molecules that regulate neutrophil infiltration into tumors may provide new and specific therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. The a2-isoform of vacuolar ATPase (a2V) is uniquely and highly expressed on cancer cell plasma membrane. Cancer cells secrete a peptide from a2V (a2NTD) that promotes the pro-tumorigenic properties of neutrophils. This provides a2V the propensity to control neutrophil migration. Here, we report that the treatment of human neutrophils with recombinant a2NTD leads to neutrophil adherence and polarization. Moreover, a2NTD treatment activates surface adhesion receptors, as well as FAK and Src kinases that are essential regulators of the migration process in neutrophils. Functional analysis reveals that a2NTD can act as a chemo-attractant and promotes neutrophil migration. In addition, a2Neuɸ secrete high levels of IL-8 via NF-κB pathway activation. Confirmatory assays demonstrate that the promoted migration of a2Neuɸ was dependent on the autocrine secretion of IL-8 from a2Neuɸ. These findings demonstrate for the first time the direct regulatory role of cancer associated a2-isoform V-ATPase on neutrophil migration, suggesting a2V as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa A. Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra K. Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Magdy A. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Kenneth D. Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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66
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Sumimoto H, Takano A, Teramoto K, Daigo Y. RAS-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Is Required for Enhanced PD-L1 Expression in Human Lung Cancers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166626. [PMID: 27846317 PMCID: PMC5112979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is related to immune evasion by cancer, and it is a molecular target of immune checkpoint therapies. Although some altered signals in NSCLCs are responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, the precise mechanisms remain obscure. Because we found a higher frequency of EGFR/KRAS mutations in NSCLC cell lines with high PD-L1 expression (p < 0.001), we evaluated the relationships between downstream signals and PD-L1 expression, particularly in three KRAS-mutant adenocarcinoma cell lines. The MEK inhibitor U0126 (20 μM) significantly decreased the surface PD-L1 levels by 50–60% compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (p < 0.0001). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation (100 nM, 15 min) increased (p < 0.05) and two ERK2 siRNAs as well as KRAS siRNAs decreased (p < 0.05) PD-L1 expression. The transcriptional activity of the potential AP-1 site (+4785 to +5056 from the transcription start site) in the PD-L1 gene was demonstrated by luciferase assays, which was inhibited by U0126. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the binding of cJUN to the AP-1 site. Two STAT3 siRNAs decreased PD-L1 expression by 10–32% in two of the three KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (p < 0.05), while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (40 μM) did not change the expression level. Supervised cluster analysis and gene set enrichment analysis between the PD-L1-high and -low NSCLCs revealed a correlation between PD-L1 expression and genes/pathways related to cell motility/adhesion. These results indicate that MAPK signaling is the dominant downstream signal responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, in which STAT3 is also involved to some extent. Furthermore, MAPK signaling may control the expression of PD-L1 and several genes related to enhanced cell motility. Our findings suggest that MAPK, along with STAT3, is important for determining PD-L1 expression, which could be useful for targeted therapies against lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Sumimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Teramoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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67
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Rohr M, Oleinikov K, Jung M, Sandjo LP, Opatz T, Erkel G. Anti-inflammatory tetraquinane diterpenoids from a Crinipellis species. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:514-522. [PMID: 27887964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The small pro-inflammatory 10kDa chemokine CXCL10 (Interferon-inducible protein 10, IP-10) plays an important role in mediating immune responses through the activation and recruitment of leukocytes such as T cells, eosinophils, monocytes and NK cells to the sites of inflammation. Elevated levels of CXCL10 have been associated with chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases and therefore CXCL10 represents an attractive target for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. In a search for anti-inflammatory compounds from fungi inhibiting the inducible CXCL10 promoter activity, four new tetraquinane diterpenoids, crinipellin E (1), crinipellin F (2), crinipellin G (3) and crinipellin H (4) were isolated from fermentations of a Crinipellis species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 inhibited the LPS/IFN-γ induced CXCL10 promoter activity in transiently transfected human MonoMac6 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 15μM, 1.5μM, and 3.15μM respectively, whereas compound 4 was devoid of any biological activity. Moreover, compounds 1, 2 and 3 reduced mRNA levels and synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated MonoMac6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohr
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Oleinikov
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mathias Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário - Trindade, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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68
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Boccellino M, Quagliuolo L, Alaia C, Grimaldi A, Addeo R, Nicoletti GF, Kast RE, Caraglia M. The strange connection between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and dapsone: from rash mitigation to the increase in anti-tumor activity. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:1839-1848. [PMID: 27398628 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1211522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an aberrantly activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many epithelial tumors, due to its overexpression, activating mutations, gene amplification and/or overexpression of receptor ligands, represent the fundamental basis underlying the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Drugs inhibiting the EGFR have different mechanisms of action; while erlotinib and gefitinib inhibit the intracellular tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab bind the extracellular domain of the EGFR both activating immunomediated anti-cancer effect and inhibiting receptor function. On the other hand, interleukin-8 has tumor promoting as well as neo-angiogenesis enhancing effects and several attempts have been made to inhibit its activity. One of these is based on the use of the old sulfone antibiotic dapsone that has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come out via up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis with histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. In this review, we report experimental evidence that shows the use of dapsone to improve quality of life in erlotinib-treated patients by ameliorating rash as well as short-circuiting a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib based on increased interleukin-8 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Concetta Alaia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- b Oncology DH ASL Napoli 3 Nord, Frattamaggiore Hospital , Frattamaggiore , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Caraglia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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69
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Thaler B, Hohensinner PJ, Krychtiuk KA, Matzneller P, Koller L, Brekalo M, Maurer G, Huber K, Zeitlinger M, Jilma B, Wojta J, Speidl WS. Differential in vivo activation of monocyte subsets during low-grade inflammation through experimental endotoxemia in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30162. [PMID: 27444882 PMCID: PMC4957086 DOI: 10.1038/srep30162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population, which can be divided into a classical (CD14++CD16−), a non-classical (CD14+CD16+), and an intermediate (CD14++CD16+) subset. We hypothesized that low-grade inflammation may differentially affect monocyte subsets. We used a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion model to mimic low-grade inflammation to identify, which monocyte subsets are preferentially activated under these conditions. Monocyte subsets were identified by staining for CD14 and CD16, activation status of monocytes was analyzed by staining for CD11b and a novel in situ mRNA hybridization approach to detect IL-6 and IL-8 specific mRNA at the single-cell level by flow cytometry. After LPS challenge, cell numbers of monocyte subsets dropped after 2 h with cell numbers recovering after 6 h. Distribution of monocyte subsets was skewed dramatically towards the intermediate subset after 24 h. Furthermore, intermediate monocytes displayed the largest increase of CD11b expression after 2 h. Finally, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels increased in intermediate and non-classical monocytes after 6 h whereas these mRNA levels in classical monocytes changed only marginally. In conclusion, our data indicates that the main responding subset of monocytes to standardized low-grade inflammation induced by LPS in humans is the CD14++CD16+ intermediate subset followed by the CD14+CD16+ non-classical monocyte subset. Circulating classical monocytes showed comparably less reaction to LPS challenge in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thaler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P J Hohensinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Matzneller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Koller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Brekalo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Huber
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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70
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Peroxiredoxin 1 interacts with and blocks the redox factor APE1 from activating interleukin-8 expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29389. [PMID: 27388124 PMCID: PMC4937415 DOI: 10.1038/srep29389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1 is an essential DNA repair protein that also possesses the ability to regulate transcription. It has a unique cysteine residue C65, which maintains the reduce state of several transcriptional activators such as NF-κB. How APE1 is being recruited to execute the various biological functions remains unknown. Herein, we show that APE1 interacts with a novel partner PRDX1, a peroxidase that can also prevent oxidative damage to proteins by serving as a chaperone. PRDX1 knockdown did not interfere with APE1 expression level or its DNA repair activities. However, PRDX1 knockdown greatly facilitates APE1 detection within the nucleus by indirect immunofluorescence analysis, even though APE1 level was unchanged. The loss of APE1 interaction with PRDX1 promotes APE1 redox function to activate binding of the transcription factor NF-κB onto the promoter of a target gene, the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, resulting in its upregulation. Depletion of APE1 blocked the upregulation of IL-8 in the PRDX1 knockdown cells. Our findings suggest that the interaction of PRDX1 with APE1 represents a novel anti-inflammatory function of PRDX1, whereby the association safeguards APE1 from reducing transcription factors and activating superfluous gene expression, which otherwise could trigger cancer invasion and metastasis.
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71
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Khan MN, Wang B, Wei J, Zhang Y, Li Q, Luan X, Cheng JW, Gordon JR, Li F, Liu H. CXCR1/2 antagonism with CXCL8/Interleukin-8 analogue CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P restricts lung cancer growth by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and suppressing angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21315-27. [PMID: 26087179 PMCID: PMC4673267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR1 and CXCR2 together with cognate chemokines are significantly upregulated in a number of cancers, where they act as key regulators of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. We have previously reported a mutant protein of CXCL8/Interleukin-8, CXCL8(3–72)K11R/G31P (G31P), which can act as a selective antagonist towards CXCR1/2 with therapeutic efficacy in both inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this study, we investigated the effect of this ELR-CXC chemokine antagonist G31P on human non-small cell lung cancer cells and lung tumor progression in an orthotopic xenograft model. We report increased mRNA levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in human lung cancer tissues compared to normal counterparts. Expression levels of CXCR1/2 cognate ligands was determined by ELISA. CXCR1/2 receptor antagonism via G31P leads to decreased H460 and A549 cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. G31P also enhanced apoptosis in lung cancer cells as determined by elevated levels of cleaved PARP, Caspase-8, and Bax, together with a reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In an in vivo orthotopic xenograft mouse model of human lung cancer, G31P treatment suppressed tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. At the molecular level, G31P treatment was correlated with decreased expression of VEGF and NFкB-p65, in addition to reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Our results suggest that G31P blockage of CXCR1 and CXCR2 can inhibit human lung cancer cell growth and metastasis, which offers potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman Khan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jilin Medical College, Jilin, China
| | - Xuelin Luan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jya-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - John R Gordon
- The Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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72
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Abstract
Noneosinophilic airway inflammation occurs in approximately 50% of patients with asthma. It is subdivided into neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation, although the proportion of each subtype is uncertain because of variable cut-off points used to define neutrophilia. This article reviews the evidence for noneosinophilic inflammation being a target for therapy in asthma and assesses clinical trials of licensed drugs, novel small molecules and biologics agents in noneosinophilic inflammation. Current symptoms, rate of exacerbations and decline in lung function are generally less in noneosinophilic asthma than eosinophilic asthma. Noneosinophilic inflammation is associated with corticosteroid insensitivity. Neutrophil activation in the airways and systemic inflammation is reported in neutrophilic asthma. Neutrophilia in asthma may be due to corticosteroids, associated chronic pulmonary infection, altered airway microbiome or delayed neutrophil apoptosis. The cause of poorly controlled noneosinophilic asthma may differ between patients and involve several mechanism including neutrophilic inflammation, T helper 2 (Th2)-low or other subtypes of airway inflammation or corticosteroid insensitivity as well as noninflammatory pathways such as airway hyperreactivity and remodelling. Smoking cessation in asthmatic smokers and removal from exposure to some occupational agents reduces neutrophilic inflammation. Preliminary studies of 'off-label' use of licensed drugs suggest that macrolides show efficacy in nonsmokers with noneosinophilic severe asthma and statins, low-dose theophylline and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists may benefit asthmatic smokers with noneosinophilic inflammation. Novel small molecules targeting neutrophilic inflammation, such as chemokine (CXC) receptor 2 (CXCR2) antagonists reduce neutrophils, but do not improve clinical outcomes in studies to date. Inhaled phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitors, dual PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors, p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PI (phosphoinositide) 3kinase inhibitors are under development and these compounds may be of benefit in noneosinophilic inflammation. The results of clinical trials of biological agents targeting mediators associated with noneosinophilic inflammation, such as interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are disappointing. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of noneosinophilic inflammation in asthma should lead to improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
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73
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da Silva JM, Soave DF, Moreira dos Santos TP, Batista AC, Russo RC, Teixeira MM, Silva TAD. Significance of chemokine and chemokine receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A critical review. Oral Oncol 2016; 56:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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74
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Thurnherr T, Mah WC, Lei Z, Jin Y, Rozen SG, Lee CG. Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Target Genes in the Genetic Information Processing and Metabolism Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20065. [PMID: 26817861 PMCID: PMC4730185 DOI: 10.1038/srep20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have either focused on specific individual miRNAs and a small number of suspected targets or simply reported a list of differentially expressed miRNAs based on expression profiling. Here, we seek a more in-depth understanding of the roles of miRNAs and their targets in HCC by integrating the miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues of 100 HCC patients. We assessed the levels of 829 mature miRNAs, of which 32 were significantly differentially expressed. Statistical analysis indicates that six of these miRNAs regulate a significant proportion of their in silico predicted target mRNAs. Three of these miRNAs (miR-26a, miR-122, and miR-130a) were down-regulated in HCC, and their up-regulated gene targets are primarily associated with aberrant cell proliferation that involves DNA replication, transcription and nucleotide metabolism. The other three miRNAs (miR-21, miR-93, and miR-221) were up-regulated in HCC, and their down-regulated gene targets are primarily involved in metabolism and immune system processes. We further found evidence for a coordinated miRNA-induced regulation of important cellular processes, a finding to be considered when designing therapeutic applications based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thurnherr
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Way-Champ Mah
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Zhengdeng Lei
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu Jin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Steven G. Rozen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Caroline G. Lee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169547, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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75
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IL-8 as mediator in the microenvironment-leukaemia network in acute myeloid leukaemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18411. [PMID: 26674118 PMCID: PMC4682064 DOI: 10.1038/srep18411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment is physiologically hypoxic with areas being as low as 1% O2, e.g. the stem cell niche. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blasts misuse these bone marrow niches for protection by the local microenvironment, but also might create their own microenvironment. Here we identify IL-8 as a hypoxia-regulated cytokine in both AML cell lines and primary AML samples that is induced within 48 hours of severe hypoxia (1% O2). IL-8 lacked effects on AML cells but induced migration in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), an integral part of the bone marrow. Accordingly, MSC were significantly increased in AML bone marrow as compared to healthy bone marrow. Interestingly, mononuclear cells obtained from healthy bone marrow displayed both significantly lower endogenous and hypoxia-induced production of IL-8. IL-8 mRNA expression in AML blasts from 533 patients differed between genetic subgroups with significantly lower expression of IL-8 in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), while in non APL-AML patients with FLT ITD had the highest IL-8 expression. In this subgroup, high IL-8 expression was also prognostically unfavourable. In conclusion, hypoxia as encountered in the bone marrow specifically increases IL-8 expression of AML, which in turn impacts niche formation. High IL-8 expression might be correlated with poor prognosis in certain AML subsets.
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76
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Zhu B, Lin N, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Cheng H, Chen S, Ling Y, Pan W, Xu R. Activated hepatic stellate cells promote angiogenesis via interleukin-8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:365. [PMID: 26593962 PMCID: PMC4655083 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines have been recognized as important modulators of angiogenesis, and they play critical roles in the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although their origins and latent molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate how activated hepatic stellate cells (a-HSCs) promote angiogenesis in HCC. METHODS A total of 22 HCC patients were enrolled randomly. We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyse the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a-HSCs derived from HCC tissues. The angiogenic effects of IL-8 in vitro and in vivo were assessed by ELISA, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, capillary tube formation assay, and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. RESULTS The present study showed that IL-8 was enriched predominantly in the tumour stroma of HCC tissues and was mainly derived from a-HSCs, rather than from hepatoma cells, in vivo and in vitro. Angiogenesis was most active at the invading edge, which was close to the a-HSCs. The angiogenic effect was dramatically attenuated by an IL-8 neutralizing antibody both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the IL-8 neutralizing antibody down-regulated Ser727-phosphorylated STAT3 levels in hepatoma cells treated with a-HSCs conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that a-HSCs within the stroma of HCC contribute to tumour angiogenesis via IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Huanhuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunbiao Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weidong Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruiyun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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77
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Structural analysis of the interleukin-8/glycosaminoglycan interactions by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Methods 2015; 89:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kast RE. Erlotinib augmentation with dapsone for rash mitigation and increased anti-cancer effectiveness. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:638. [PMID: 26543772 PMCID: PMC4628020 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has failed in many ways to be as potent in the anti-cancer role as pre-clinical studies would have suggested. This paper traces some aspects of this failure to a compensatory erlotinib-mediated increase in interleukin-8. Many other-but not all- cancer chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs also provoke a compensatory increase in a malignant clone's interleukin-8 synthesis. Untreated glioblastoma and other cancer cells themselves natively synthesize interleukin-8. Interleukin-8 has tumor growth promoting, mobility and metastasis formation enhancing, effects as well as pro-angiogenesis effects. FINDINGS The old sulfone antibiotic dapsone- one of the very first antibiotics in clinical use- has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Review of these indicates dapsone has potential to augment erlotinib effectiveness. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come about via an erlotinib triggered up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis. The erlotinib rash shares histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. Dapsone has an established therapeutic role in current treatment of other neutrophilic dermatoses. CONCLUSION Thus, dapsone has potential to both improve the quality of life in erlotinib treated patients by amelioration of rash as well as to short-circuit a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib when used in the anti-cancer role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- IIAIGC Study Center, 22 Church Street, Burlington, VT 05401 USA
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79
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Asarat M, Vasiljevic T, Apostolopoulos V, Donkor O. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulate Secretion of IL-8 from Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Linesin vitro. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:678-93. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1085389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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80
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Citro A, Cantarelli E, Piemonti L. The CXCR1/2 Pathway: Involvement in Diabetes Pathophysiology and Potential Target for T1D Interventions. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:68. [PMID: 26275440 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous chemokine/chemokine receptor pathways have been described to be implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the CXCR1/2 axis has recently been proved to be crucial for leucocyte recruitment involved in insulitis and β cell damage. Multiple strategies blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway are available such as neutralizing antibodies, small molecules and peptide-derived inhibitors. They were firstly and widely used in cancer thanks to their anti-tumorigenic activity and only recently they were tested as a new interventional approach for T1D. As well, CXCR1/2 inhibition has been demonstrated to prevent inflammation- and autoimmunity-mediated damage of the pancreatic islets through inhibiting the migration of CXCR1/2-expressing cells. Among them, neutrophils, macrophages, and, although to a smaller extent, lymphoid cells are the main CXCR1/2-expressing cells. These results supported the active role of the innate immunity in the autoimmune process and opened new interventional approaches for the management of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,
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81
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Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Brown DG, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Lowe L, Guarnieri T, Bisson WH. Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S232-53. [PMID: 26106141 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging area in environmental toxicology is the role that chemicals and chemical mixtures have on the cells of the human immune system. This is an important area of research that has been most widely pursued in relation to autoimmune diseases and allergy/asthma as opposed to cancer causation. This is despite the well-recognized role that innate and adaptive immunity play as essential factors in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the role that the innate immune cells of inflammatory responses play in tumorigenesis. Focus is placed on the molecules and pathways that have been mechanistically linked with tumor-associated inflammation. Within the context of chemically induced disturbances in immune function as co-factors in carcinogenesis, the evidence linking environmental toxicant exposures with perturbation in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is reviewed. Reported effects of bisphenol A, atrazine, phthalates and other common toxicants on molecular and cellular targets involved in tumor-associated inflammation (e.g. cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2, nuclear factor kappa B, nitric oxide synthesis, cytokines and chemokines) are presented as example chemically mediated target molecule perturbations relevant to cancer. Commentary on areas of additional research including the need for innovation and integration of systems biology approaches to the study of environmental exposures and cancer causation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medical School, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Appl
| | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Tiziana Guarnieri
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d' Oro, 305, 00136 Roma, Italy and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Visciano C, Prevete N, Liotti F, Marone G. Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:705169. [PMID: 26379707 PMCID: PMC4563106 DOI: 10.1155/2015/705169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in mediating aggressive features of cancer cells, including invasive capacity and resistance to conventional and novel therapies. Among the different cell populations that infiltrate cancer stroma, mast cells (MCs) can influence several aspects of tumor biology, including tumor development and progression, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tissue remodelling. Thyroid cancer (TC), the most frequent neoplasia of the endocrine system, is characterized by a MC infiltrate, whose density correlates with extrathyroidal extension and invasiveness. Recent evidence suggests the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in human TC. The precise role of immune cells and their mediators responsible for these features in TC remains unknown. Here, we review the relevance of MC-derived mediators (e.g., the chemokines CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL10/IP-10, and CXCL8/IL-8) in the context of TC. CXCL1/GRO-α and CXCL10/IP-10 appear to be involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation, while CXCL8/IL-8 participates in the acquisition of TC malignant traits through its ability to induce/enhance the EMT and stem-like features of TC cells. The inhibition of chemokine signaling may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of refractory forms of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Visciano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, “G. Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, “G. Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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83
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Shi J, Wei PK. Low-dose interleukin-8 induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of the gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2871-2877. [PMID: 26722255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important inflammatory cytokine, is strongly associated with gastric cancer development and metastasis. High-dose (>1 ng/ml) IL-8 has been revealed to promote the adhesion, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the IL-8 level produced by gastric cells is marginal, at even less than 1 ng/ml. It is unclear whether low-dose IL-8 also induces these capacities. In the present study, the effect of low-dose IL-8 on the adhesion, migration and invasion of the SGC-7901 cell line and the underlying molecular mechanism with regard to cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) were investigated. The SGC-7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 ng/ml) in vitro. The adhesion of the SGC-7901 cells to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix component, was then detected by cell counting kit 8 assay. Migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by wound scratch and Transwell chamber assays. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of CD44 were measured using immunofluorescence and western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in cells cultured for 72 h. Following the exposure of the SGC-7901 cells to the various low doses of IL-8, the cell adhesion, migration and invasion capacities were promoted by IL-8, but not in a significant dose-dependent manner. Low-dose IL-8 upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of CD44. In conclusion, low-dose IL-8 potently induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells, and the regulation of CD44 expression is one of the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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84
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Nishio Y, Gojoubori T, Kaneko Y, Shimizu N, Asano M. Cancer cell-derived IL-8 induces monocytic THP1 cells to secrete IL-8 via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9171-7. [PMID: 26088451 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of transcription factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) results in the spontaneous secretion of various cytokines and chemokines. Among them, IL-8, owing to its angiogenic activity, promotes the growth of OSCCs. In the present study, we examined the role of IL-8 secreted by OSCCs, on the angiogenic activity of monocytic THP1 cells. Culture supernatant (Ca-sup) augmented IL-8 secretion by THP1 cells, which was found to be significantly reduced following the removal Ca9-22-derived IL-8 from the Ca-sup. IL-8 induction was regulated at the transcriptional level, because real-time PCR demonstrated the augmented IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. We further performed the luciferase assay using the 5'-untranslated region of IL-8 gene. Contradictory to our speculations, luciferase activity was not augmented by Ca-sup stimulation. NF-κB-independent IL-8 induction was further confirmed by pre-treating THP1 cells with NF-κB-specific inhibitors. To elucidate the signaling pathway, THP1 was pre-treated with MEK inhibitors. The results demonstrated that pre-treatment of cells with MEK inhibitor drastically reduced IL-8 levels, suggesting the role of MEK. Moreover, Ca-sup was found to increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. These results indicated that OSCC-derived IL-8 appears to activate angiogenic activity in monocytes within the tumor microenvironment via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Nishio
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gojoubori
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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85
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Chen WT, Ebelt ND, Stracker TH, Xhemalce B, Van Den Berg CL, Miller KM. ATM regulation of IL-8 links oxidative stress to cancer cell migration and invasion. eLife 2015; 4:e07270. [PMID: 26030852 PMCID: PMC4463759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and is associated with cancer suppression. Here we report a cancer-promoting role for ATM. ATM depletion in metastatic cancer cells reduced cell migration and invasion. Transcription analyses identified a gene network, including the chemokine IL-8, regulated by ATM. IL-8 expression required ATM and was regulated by oxidative stress. IL-8 was validated as an ATM target by its ability to rescue cell migration and invasion defects in ATM-depleted cells. Finally, ATM-depletion in human breast cancer cells reduced lung tumors in a mouse xenograft model and clinical data validated IL-8 in lung metastasis. These findings provide insights into how ATM activation by oxidative stress regulates IL-8 to sustain cell migration and invasion in cancer cells to promote metastatic potential. Thus, in addition to well-established roles in tumor suppression, these findings identify a role for ATM in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ta Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Nancy D Ebelt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blerta Xhemalce
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Carla L Van Den Berg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Mu Y, Wang K, Ao J, Chen X. Molecular characterization and biological effects of a CXCL8 homologue in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:462-470. [PMID: 25827624 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CXCL8 also called interleukin-8, is a CXC-type chemokine that plays a key role in promoting inflammation. Three subgroups of CXCL8 homologues have been reported in teleost fish, including CXCL8_L1, CXCL8_L2 and CXCL8_L3. In the present study, we identified a CXCL8 homologue belonging to CXCL8_L1 subgroup (LycCXCL8_L1) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) that shares low identity to the previously reported large yellow croaker CXCL8 (LycCXCL8). The full-length cDNA of LycCXCL8_L1 is 716 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a protein consisting of 99 amino acids (aa) with a putative molecular weight of 11.2 kDa. The deduced LycCXCL8_L1 protein contains a 22-aa signal peptide and a 77-aa mature polypeptide, which possesses an arrangement of four cysteines typical of other known CXC chemokines (C(34), C(36), C(60), and C(77)). Genomic analysis revealed that the LycCXCL8_L1 gene consisted of four exons and three introns and exhibited a similar exon-intron organization to LycCXCL8 and other species CXCL8 genes except for a different intron length. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both LycCXCL8_L1 and LycCXCL8 belong to CXCL8_L1 subgroup. LycCXCL8_L1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined although at different levels. Upon bacterial vaccine induction, LycCXCL8_L1 mRNA expression was rapidly increased in the spleen and head kidney tissues. Recombinant LycCXCL8_L1 and LycCXCL8 proteins produced in Escherichia coli both induced chemotaxis and superoxide production in peripheral blood leucocytes from large yellow croaker. These results indicate that two CXCL8_L1 molecules exist in large yellow croaker and play roles in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetics and Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Kunru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetics and Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetics and Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetics and Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
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87
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Shi J, Li YJ, Yan B, Wei PK. Interleukin-8: A potent promoter of human lymphatic endothelial cell growth in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2703-10. [PMID: 25891418 PMCID: PMC4431450 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a major progression route of gastric cancer. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), as an inflammatory cytokine, is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and is strongly associated with gastric cancer development and metastasis. The blood and lymphatic systems are similar in their function and gene expression profiles. It has been proposed that IL-8 activates angiogenesis. However, the direct role of IL-8 in lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer remains unclear. We investigated the effect of IL-8 on the growth of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In addition, protein and mRNA expression of selected lymphangiogenesis markers was assessed in these cells. LECs were co-cultured with gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml). The Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate LEC proliferation (cultured for 1-6 days). Then, protein (immunofluorescence and western blotting) and mRNA [quantitative transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)] levels were measured in samples obtained from the 24-h cultured cells, for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). The data presented herein demonstrated that IL-8 promotes the proliferation of LECs and enhances the protein and mRNA expression of LYVE-1. Notably, IL-8 inhibited VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 protein expression as well as VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that IL-8 may be a potent inducer of LECs, although this effect does not appear to involve the VEGF-C/VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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88
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Wilson CL, Jurk D, Fullard N, Banks P, Page A, Luli S, Elsharkawy AM, Gieling RG, Chakraborty JB, Fox C, Richardson C, Callaghan K, Blair GE, Fox N, Lagnado A, Passos JF, Moore AJ, Smith GR, Tiniakos DG, Mann J, Oakley F, Mann DA. NFκB1 is a suppressor of neutrophil-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6818. [PMID: 25879839 PMCID: PMC4410629 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops on the background of chronic hepatitis.
Leukocytes found within the HCC microenvironment are implicated as regulators of
tumour growth. We show that diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced murine HCC is
attenuated by antibody-mediated depletion of hepatic neutrophils, the latter
stimulating hepatocellular ROS and telomere DNA damage. We additionally report a
previously unappreciated tumour suppressor function for hepatocellular nfkb1
operating via p50:p50 dimers and the co-repressor HDAC1. These anti-inflammatory
proteins combine to transcriptionally repress hepatic expression of a S100A8/9,
CXCL1 and CXCL2 neutrophil chemokine network. Loss of nfkb1 promotes
ageing-associated chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by steatosis,
neutrophillia, fibrosis, hepatocyte telomere damage and HCC.
Nfkb1S340A/S340Amice carrying a mutation
designed to selectively disrupt p50:p50:HDAC1 complexes are more susceptible to HCC;
by contrast, mice lacking S100A9 express reduced neutrophil chemokines and are
protected from HCC. Inhibiting neutrophil accumulation in CLD or targeting their
tumour-promoting activities may offer therapeutic opportunities in HCC. The role of neutrophils in cancer development is not widely
appreciated. Here, the authors show that NF-κB-deficient hepatocytes
overproduce chemokines, leading to hepatocellular carcinoma due to excessive neutrophil
recruitment, and that neutrophil depletion prevents liver cancer in these
mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Wilson
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - D Jurk
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - N Fullard
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - P Banks
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Page
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S Luli
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A M Elsharkawy
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - R G Gieling
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - J Bagchi Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - C Fox
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - C Richardson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution/Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - K Callaghan
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - G E Blair
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Garstang Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Fox
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Garstang Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Lagnado
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - J F Passos
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - A J Moore
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - G R Smith
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - D G Tiniakos
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - F Oakley
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - D A Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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89
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Opfermann P, Derhaschnig U, Felli A, Wenisch J, Santer D, Zuckermann A, Dworschak M, Jilma B, Steinlechner B. A pilot study on reparixin, a CXCR1/2 antagonist, to assess safety and efficacy in attenuating ischaemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:131-42. [PMID: 25402332 PMCID: PMC4367101 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reparixin, a CXCR 1/2 antagonist, has been shown to mitigate ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in various organ systems in animals, but data in humans are scarce. The aim of this double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of reparixin to suppress IRI and inflammation in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients received either reparixin or placebo (n = 16 in each group) after induction of anaesthesia until 8 h after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We compared markers of systemic and pulmonary inflammation, surrogates of myocardial IRI and clinical outcomes using Mann-Whitney U- and Fisher's exact tests. Thirty- and 90-day mortality was 0% in both groups. No side effects were observed in the treatment group. Surgical revision, pleural and pericardial effusion, infection and atrial fibrillation rates were not different between groups. Reparixin significantly reduced the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes in blood at the beginning [49%, interquartile range (IQR) = 45-57 versus 58%, IQR = 53-66, P = 0·035], end (71%, IQR = 67-76 versus 79%, IQR = 71-83, P = 0·023) and 1 h after CPB (73%, IQR = 71-75 versus 77%, IQR = 72-80, P = 0·035). Reparixin patients required a lesser positive fluid balance during surgery (2575 ml, IQR = 2027-3080 versus 3200 ml, IQR = 2928-3778, P = 0·029) and during ICU stay (2603 ml, IQR = 1023-4288 versus 4200 ml, IQR = 2313-8160, P = 0·021). Numerically, more control patients required noradrenaline ≥ 0·11 μg/kg/min (50 versus 19%, P = 0·063) and dobutamine (50 versus 25%, P = 0·14). Therefore, administration of reparixin in CABG patients appears to be feasible and safe. It concurrently attenuated postoperative granulocytosis in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Opfermann
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - U Derhaschnig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - A Felli
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - J Wenisch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - D Santer
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hietzing HospitalVienna, Austria
| | - A Zuckermann
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - M Dworschak
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - B Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - B Steinlechner
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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90
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Sanacora S, Urdinez J, Chang TP, Vancurova I. Anticancer drug bortezomib increases interleukin-8 expression in human monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:375-9. [PMID: 25791477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BZ) is the first clinically approved proteasome inhibitor that has shown remarkable anticancer activity in patients with hematological malignancies. However, many patients relapse and develop resistance; yet, the molecular mechanisms of BZ resistance are not fully understood. We have recently shown that in solid tumors, BZ unexpectedly increases expression of the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), while it inhibits expression of other NFκB-regulated genes. Since monocytes and macrophages are major producers of IL-8, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that BZ increases the IL-8 expression in human monocytes and macrophages. Here, we show that BZ dramatically increases the IL-8 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 macrophages as well as in unstimulated U937 monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while it inhibits expression of IL-6, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, our results show that the underlying mechanisms involve p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is required for the BZ-induced IL-8 expression. Together, these data suggest that the BZ-increased IL-8 expression in monocytes and macrophages may represent one of the mechanisms responsible for the BZ resistance and indicate that targeting the p38-mediated IL-8 expression could enhance the BZ effectiveness in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Sanacora
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Joaquin Urdinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Tzu-Pei Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA.
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91
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The role of the mediators of inflammation in cancer development. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:527-34. [PMID: 25740073 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic disorders such as point mutations in cellular tumor suppressor genes, DNA methylation and post-translational modifications are needed to transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. These events result in alterations in critical pathways responsible for maintaining the normal cellular homeostasis, triggering to an inflammatory response which can lead the development of cancer. The inflammatory response is a universal defense mechanism activated in response to an injury tissue, of any nature, that involves both innate and adaptive immune responses, through the collective action of a variety of soluble mediators. Many inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in several types of cancer, linking chronic inflammation to tumorigenesis process. Thus, Inflammatory responses play decisive roles at different stages of tumor development, including initiation, promotion, growth, invasion, and metastasis, affecting also the immune surveillance. Immune cells that infiltrate tumors engage in an extensive and dynamic crosstalk with cancer cells, and some of the molecular events that mediate this dialog have been revealed. A range of inflammation mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, free radicals, prostaglandins, growth and transcription factors, microRNAs, and enzymes as, cyclooxygenase and matrix metalloproteinase, collectively acts to create a favorable microenvironment for the development of tumors. In this review are presented the main mediators of the inflammatory response and discussed the likely mechanisms through which, they interact with each other to create a condition favorable to development of cancer.
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92
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Radiotracers used for the scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:676719. [PMID: 25741532 PMCID: PMC4337049 DOI: 10.1155/2015/676719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last forty years, a small group of commercial radiopharmaceuticals have found their way into routine medical use, for the diagnostic imaging of patients with infection or inflammation. These molecular radiotracers usually participate in the immune response to an antigen, by tagging leukocytes or other molecules/cells that are endogenous to the process. Currently there is an advancing effort by researchers in the preclinical domain to design and develop new agents for this application. This review discusses radiopharmaceuticals used in the nuclear medicine clinic today, as well as those potential radiotracers that exploit an organism's defence mechanisms to an infectious or inflammatory event.
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93
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Shi J, Wei PK. Xiaotan Sanjie decoction inhibits interleukin-8-induced metastatic potency in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1479-87. [PMID: 25663767 PMCID: PMC4316090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interaction between Xiaotan Sanjie (XTSJ) decoction and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its effect on adhesion, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODS SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were exposed to serum containing XTSJ decoction and/or IL-8 (1 ng/mL). SGC-7901 cell adhesion to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix component, was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Migration and invasion abilities of SGC-7901 cells were detected by scratch wound and Transwell chamber assays. Then, protein (immunofluorescence and Western blot) and mRNA levels (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell adhesion molecule, were measured in 72-h-cultured SGC-7901 cells. RESULTS Cell adhesion was promoted by IL-8 (P = 0.001), but was inhibited by XTSJ decoction (P = 0.0001). Similarly, IL-8 promoted SGC-7901 cell invasion (P = 0.003), and XTSJ decoction inhibited cell invasion (P = 0.001). IL-8 induced SGC-7901 cell migration, but this was inhibited by XTSJ decoction. IL-8 up-regulated CD44 protein (P = 0.028) and mRNA expression (P = 0.002), whereas XTSJ decoction inhibited CD44 protein expression (P = 0.0001), but not mRNA expression (P = 0.275). An interaction between XTSJ decoction and IL-8 was confirmed in the invasion (P = 0.001) and CD44 mRNA expression of SGC-7901 cells (P = 0.010), but not in cell adhesion (P = 0.051). CONCLUSION XTSJ decoction may inhibit adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, which is partly associated with down-regulation of IL-8.
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94
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Visciano C, Liotti F, Prevete N, Cali' G, Franco R, Collina F, de Paulis A, Marone G, Santoro M, Melillo RM. Mast cells induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell features in human thyroid cancer cells through an IL-8-Akt-Slug pathway. Oncogene 2015; 34:5175-86. [PMID: 25619830 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mast cells (MCs) and their mediators are involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. We have found that an increased density of MCs in thyroid cancer (TC) correlates with enhanced invasiveness. However, the MC-derived factors responsible for this activity and the mechanisms by which they enhance TC invasiveness remain unidentified. Here, we report that MCs, when activated by TC cells, produce soluble factors that induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features of TC cells. We identified CXCL8/interleukin (IL)-8 as the main mediator contained in activated MC conditioned media (CM) capable of inducing both EMT and stemness of TC cells. Mechanistically, MC CM or exogenous IL-8 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and Slug expression in TC cells. The inhibition of the Akt pathway or depletion of the Slug transcription factor by RNA interference, reverted EMT and stemness responses. TC cells stably transfected with exogenous IL-8 underwent EMT, displayed increased stemness and enhanced tumorigenicity with respect to control cells. The analysis of TC surgical specimens by immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between MC density (Tryptase(+) cells) and stemness features (OCT4 staining). Taken together, our data identify an MC-dependent IL-8-Akt-Slug pathway that sustains EMT/stemness of TC cells. The blockade of this circuit might be exploited for the therapy of advanced TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Visciano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche/Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore', University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Liotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche/Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore', University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - N Prevete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali/Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Cali'
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche/Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore', University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - R Franco
- Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - F Collina
- Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - A de Paulis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali/Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali/Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Santoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche/Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore', University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - R M Melillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche/Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore', University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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95
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Solari R, Pease JE, Begg M. “Chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets: Why aren’t there more drugs?”. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 746:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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96
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Sonbol MB, Maurer MJ, Stenson MJ, Allmer C, LaPlant BR, Weiner GJ, Macon WR, Cerhan JR, Witzig TE, Gupta M. Elevated soluble IL-2Rα, IL-8, and MIP-1β levels are associated with inferior outcome and are independent of MIPI score in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:E223-7. [PMID: 25164110 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique type of lymphoma with a prognosis intermediate between indolent and aggressive types. The purpose of this study was to study blood cytokine levels in newly diagnosed and relapsed MCL patients with respect to patterns of abnormalities and relationship to the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) score. We analyzed blood levels of 30 cytokines using a multiplex ELISA in 88 patients with newly diagnosed MCL (pre-treatment levels) and 20 with relapsed MCL and compared them with controls without known lymphoma. Elevated cytokine levels were compared with clinical outcome and the MIPI score. In the 88 newly diagnosed MCL patients, we found significantly elevated levels compared with controls of IL-12, IP-10, sIL-2Rα, MIG, IL-1RA, IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β (all P < 0.05). Of these elevated cytokines, sIL-2Rα, IL-8, MIG, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were predictive of inferior event-free survival, and sIL-2Rα (HR = 1.94; P = 0.038), IL-8 (HR = 2.17; P = 0.015), and MIP-1β (HR = 2.10; P = 0.016) were independent of MIPI score; only sIL-2Rα (HR = 2.35; P = 0.041) was associated with overall survival after adjustment for MIPI. In the relapsed MCL patient group, the only significantly elevated plasma cytokines that predicted EFS were sIL-2Rα (HR = 2.90; P = 0.04) and IL-8 (HR = 3.75; P = 0.02). Elevated blood levels of sIL-2Rα and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and MIP-1β are poor prognostic factors in MCL patients and independent of MIPI score. These factors, if validated, will provide important additions to the MIPI and guide the development of new therapies for patients with elevated levels of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristine Allmer
- Department of Health Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | - George J. Weiner
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Iowa College of Medicine; Iowa City Iowa
| | - William R. Macon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - James R. Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
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McKinnon R, Binder M, Zupkó I, Afonyushkin T, Lajter I, Vasas A, de Martin R, Unger C, Dolznig H, Diaz R, Frisch R, Passreiter CM, Krupitza G, Hohmann J, Kopp B, Bochkov VN. Pharmacological insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1695-1701. [PMID: 25442279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurolaena lobata is a Caribbean medicinal plant used for the treatment of several conditions including inflammation. Recent data regarding potent anti-inflammatory activity of the plant and isolated sesquiterpene lactones raised our interest in further pharmacological studies. The present work aimed at providing a mechanistic insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of N. lobata and eight isolated sesquiterpene lactones, as well as a structure-activity relationship and in vivo anti-inflammatory data. METHODS The effect of the extract and its compounds on the generation of pro-inflammatory proteins was assessed in vitro in endothelial and monocytic cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their potential to modulate the expression of inflammatory genes was further studied at the mRNA level. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the chemically characterized extract was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. RESULTS The compounds and extract inhibited LPS- and TNF-α-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory molecules E-selectin and interleukin-8 in HUVECtert and THP-1 cells. LPS-induced elevation of mRNA encoding for E-selectin and interleukin-8 was also suppressed. Furthermore, the extract inhibited the development of acute inflammation in rats. CONCLUSIONS Sesquiterpene lactones from N. lobata interfered with the induction of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and chemokines in cells stimulated with bacterial products and cytokines. Structure-activity analysis revealed the importance of the double bond at C-4-C-5 and C-2-C-3 and the acetyl group at C-9 for the anti-inflammatory activity. The effect was confirmed in vivo, which raises further interest in the therapeutic potential of the compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McKinnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Binder
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Afonyushkin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Lajter
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - R de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Diaz
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Playa Diana, San José/Petén, Guatemala
| | - R Frisch
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Playa Diana, San José/Petén, Guatemala
| | - C M Passreiter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Krupitza
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - V N Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Expression of CXCR1 (Interleukin-8 Receptor) in Murine Macrophages After Staphylococcus aureus Infection and its Possible Implication on Intracellular Survival Correlating with Cytokines and Bacterial Anti-Oxidant Enzymes. Inflammation 2014; 38:812-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes control IL-8 production in human colon HT-29 cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:879895. [PMID: 25242873 PMCID: PMC4158428 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays key roles in both chronic inflammatory diseases and tumor modulation. We previously observed that IL-8 secretion and function can be modulated by nucleotide (P2) receptors. Here we investigated whether IL-8 release by intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells, a cancer cell line, is modulated by extracellular nucleotide metabolism. We first identified that HT-29 cells regulated adenosine and adenine nucleotide concentration at their surface by the expression of the ectoenzymes NTPDase2, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and adenylate kinase. The expression of the ectoenzymes was evaluated by RT-PCR, qPCR, and immunoblotting, and their activity was analyzed by RP-HPLC of the products and by detection of Pi produced from the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP. In response to poly (I:C), with or without ATP and/or ADP, HT-29 cells released IL-8 and this secretion was modulated by the presence of NTPDase2 and adenylate kinase. Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of 3 ectoenzymes at the surface of HT-29 cells that control nucleotide levels and adenosine production (NTPDase2, ecto-5′-nucleotidase and adenylate kinase) and that P2 receptor-mediated signaling controls IL-8 release in HT-29 cells which is modulated by the presence of NTPDase2 and adenylate kinase.
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Zhou J, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Bian X, Wang JM. The role of chemoattractant receptors in shaping the tumor microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:751392. [PMID: 25110692 PMCID: PMC4119707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptors are a family of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initially found to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. During the past decades, the functions of these GPCRs have been discovered to not only regulate leukocyte trafficking and promote immune responses, but also play important roles in homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that chemoattractant GPCRs and their ligands promote the progression of malignant tumors based on their capacity to orchestrate the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. This facilitates the interaction of tumor cells with host cells, tumor cells with tumor cells, and host cells with host cells to provide a basis for the expansion of established tumors and development of distant metastasis. In addition, many malignant tumors of the nonhematopoietic origin express multiple chemoattractant GPCRs that increase the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, GPCRs and their ligands constitute targets for the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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