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Wan Y, Zou L, Zeng L, Tong H, Chen Y. A New Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1474-1481. [PMID: 33258436 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1912-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown blight, as the most damaging and common foliar disease of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in China, has been recently reported to be caused by different species of the genus Colletotrichum. During the years 2016 to 2017, tea plants in commercial tea cultivation areas of Chongqing City that reported significant incidences of brown blight disease were investigated and then analyzed using both morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that at least five species of Colletotrichum were identified, including four well-known species (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. camelliae, C. fioriniae, and C. karstii) and one novel species (C. chongqingense), indicating that there is remarkable species diversity in Colletotrichum spp. present as pathogens. Results of pathogenicity analyses confirmed that C. chongqingense was the causal agent of brown blight and different isolates differed in virulence. C. chongqingense, as a novel pathogen, has never been reported as being associated with brown blight disease in tea plants or anthracnose in other host plants anywhere in the world. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between Colletotrichum spp. and their host plant Camellia sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Wan
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lvjia Zou
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huarong Tong
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingjuan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Tibpromma S, Dong Y, Ranjitkar S, Schaefer DA, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Manawasinghe IS, Bebber DP, Promputtha I, Xu J, Mortimer PE, Sheng J. Climate-Fungal Pathogen Modeling Predicts Loss of Up to One-Third of Tea Growing Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:610567. [PMID: 33996616 PMCID: PMC8116803 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.610567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will affect numerous crops in the future; however, perennial crops, such as tea, are particularly vulnerable. Climate change will also strongly influence fungal pathogens. Here, we predict how future climatic conditions will impact tea and its associated pathogens. We collected data on the three most important fungal pathogens of tea (Colletotrichum acutatum, Co. camelliae, and Exobasidium vexans) and then modeled distributions of tea and these fungal pathogens using current and projected climates. The models show that baseline tea-growing areas will become unsuitable for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (15 to 32% loss) and C. sinensis var. assamica (32 to 34% loss) by 2050. Although new areas will become more suitable for tea cultivation, existing and potentially new fungal pathogens will present challenges in these areas, and they are already under other land-use regimes. In addition, future climatic scenarios suitable range of fungal species and tea suitable cultivation (respectively in CSS and CSA) growing areas are Co. acutatum (44.30%; 31.05%), Co. camelliae (13.10%; 10.70%), and E. vexans (10.20%; 11.90%). Protecting global tea cultivation requires innovative approaches that consider fungal genomics as part and parcel of plant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluck Tibpromma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Sailesh Ranjitkar
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
- N. Gene Solution of Natural Innovation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Douglas A. Schaefer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Daniel P. Bebber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jianchu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Eaton MJ, Edwards S, Inocencio HA, Machado FJ, Nuckles EM, Farman M, Gauthier NA, Vaillancourt LJ. Diversity and Cross-Infection Potential of Colletotrichum Causing Fruit Rots in Mixed-Fruit Orchards in Kentucky. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1115-1128. [PMID: 32870109 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1273-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Colletotrichum cause apple, blueberry, and strawberry fruit rots, which can result in significant losses. Accurate identification is important because species differ in aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity, and other factors affecting management. Multiple Colletotrichum species can cause similar symptoms on the same host, and more than one fruit type can be infected by a single Colletotrichum species. Mixed-fruit orchards may facilitate cross-infection, with significant management implications. Colletotrichum isolates from small fruits in Kentucky orchards were characterized and compared with apple isolates via a combination of morphotyping, sequencing of voucher loci and whole genomes, and cross-inoculation assays. Seven morphotypes representing two species complexes (C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) were identified. Morphotypes corresponded with phylogenetic species C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. nymphaeae, and C. siamense, identified by TUB2 or GAPDH barcodes. Phylogenetic trees built from nine single-gene sequences matched barcoding results with one exception, later determined to belong to an undescribed species. Comparison of single-gene trees with representative whole genome sequences revealed that CHS and ApMat were the most informative for diagnosis of fruit rot species and individual morphotypes within the C. acutatum or C. gloeosporioides complexes, respectively. All blueberry isolates belonged to C. fioriniae, and most strawberry isolates were C. nymphaeae, with a few C. siamense and C. fioriniae also recovered. All three species cause fruit rot on apples in Kentucky. Cross-inoculation assays on detached apple, blueberry, and strawberry fruits showed that all species were pathogenic on all three hosts but with species-specific differences in aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison J Eaton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Shanice Edwards
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Harrison A Inocencio
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Franklin J Machado
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
- Fundo de Defesa de Citricultura-Fundecitrus, Departamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Araraquara, São Paulo 147807-040, Brazil
| | - Etta M Nuckles
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Nicole A Gauthier
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Lisa J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
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Boufleur TR, Ciampi‐Guillardi M, Tikami Í, Rogério F, Thon MR, Sukno SA, Massola Júnior NS, Baroncelli R. Soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species: Current status and future prospects. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:393-409. [PMID: 33609073 PMCID: PMC7938629 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important cultivated plants worldwide as a source of protein-rich foods and animal feeds. Anthracnose, caused by different lineages of the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum, is one of the main limiting factors to soybean production. Losses due to anthracnose have been neglected, but their impact may threaten up to 50% of the grain production. TAXONOMY While C. truncatum is considered the main species associated with soybean anthracnose, recently other species have been reported as pathogenic on this host. Until now, it has not been clear whether the association of new Colletotrichum species with the disease is related to emerging species or whether it is due to the undergoing changes in the taxonomy of the genus. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Typical anthracnose symptoms are pre- and postemergence damping-off; dark, depressed, and irregular spots on cotyledons, stems, petioles, and pods; and necrotic laminar veins on leaves that can result in premature defoliation. Symptoms may evolve to pod rot, immature opening of pods, and premature germination of grains. CHALLENGES As accurate species identification of the causal agent is decisive for disease control and prevention, in this work we review the taxonomic designation of Colletotrichum isolated from soybean to understand which lineages are pathogenic on this host. We also present a comprehensive literature review of soybean anthracnose, focusing on distribution, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease management, identification, and diagnosis. We consider the knowledge emerging from population studies and comparative genomics of Colletotrichum spp. associated with soybean providing future perspectives in the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenicity process. USEFUL WEBSITE Updates on Colletotrichum can be found at http://www.colletotrichum.org/. All available Colletotrichum genomes on GenBank can be viewed at http://www.colletotrichum.org/genomics/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais R. Boufleur
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Maisa Ciampi‐Guillardi
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Ísis Tikami
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Flávia Rogério
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Michael R. Thon
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Serenella A. Sukno
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Nelson S. Massola Júnior
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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Abstract
Twenty-seven Colletotrichum isolates associated with asymptomatic tissues of bamboo (Bambusoideae, Gramineae) were isolated from Anhui, Beijing, and Guangxi in China. Based on multilocus (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], chitin synthase [CHS], actin [ACT], beta-tubulin [TUB2]) phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, three species were distinguished, including two novel species, C. bambusicola and C. guangxiense, and one known species, C. metake, which is a first report for China. These species have hitherto only been discovered on Bambusoideae, indicating that they probably have host preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Tong Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Jiang N, Fan X, Tian C. Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010064. [PMID: 33477575 PMCID: PMC7831338 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Castanea plant species, C. henryi and C. mollissima, are cultivated in China to produce chestnut crops. Leaf spot diseases commonly occur in Castanea plantations, however, little is known about the fungal species associated with chestnut leaf spots. In this study, leaf samples of C. henryi and C. mollissima were collected from Beijing, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, and leaf-inhabiting fungi were identified based on morphology and phylogeny. As a result, twenty-six fungal species were confirmed, including one new family, one new genus, and five new species. The new taxa are Pyrisporaceae fam. nov., Pyrispora gen. nov., Aureobasidium castaneae sp. nov., Discosia castaneae sp. nov., Monochaetia castaneae sp. nov., Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis sp. nov. and Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov.
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Zhao J, Liu T, Zhang D, Wu H, Pan L, Liao N, Liu W. First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum siamense and C. fructicola of Camellia chrysantha in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2020. [PMID: 33441008 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2324-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama, belonging to the Theaceae family, is famous for its large size and golden yellow flowers, which has high ornamental and health care functions (Mo et al. 2013). Anthracnose is one of the most important fungal diseases worldwide, causing serious economic losses to many plants. In October 2019, severe anthracnose symptoms were observed on the leaves of C. chrysantha in a 0.6 hectare field with 15-20% disease incidence in Fangchenggang city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Diseased leaves initially appeared irregular chlorotic spots, which afterwards enlarged and coalesced. Finally, the spots became dark brown or black, sunken lesions (8-22 mm in diameter), and covered with plenty of acervuli. For pathogen isolation, the leaf lesions were cut into small tissue pieces (5 mm×5 mm), disinfected by 0.3% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and 70% ethanol for 40 s, rinsed in sterile distilled water, and then incubated at 28°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. A total of 7 fungal isolates with whitish to light grey, dense colonies were recovered at 5 days. These isolates were tentatively identified as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex through morphological and cultural characters (Weir et al. 2012). The conidia were nonseptate, cylindrical with obtuse to rounded ends, 13.9 to 18.3 (average 16.1) μm × 4.5 to 6.2 (average 5.4) μm (n = 50). For further precise identification, the 7 Colletotrichum isolates were analyzed using partial sequences of genomic loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), and the mating type locus MAT1-2 (ApMat) genes (Liu et al. 2015). The amplification sequences were compared with the sequences registered in the GenBank database based on nucleotide similarity. The above sequences of 4 isolates (JZB-PF4232, JZB-PF2231, JZB-PF42 and JZB-PF22) had 99-100% identity to the sequences of Colletotrichum siamense strains retrieved from GenBank, while the sequences of the other 3 isolates (JZB-PF3231, JZB-PF32 and JZB-PF41) showed over 99% identity with those of the C. fructicola strains. All the sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession number MT708987 to MT709007, MW149430 to MW149433, and MW142259 to MW142282. A multi-loci phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of ITS, TUB, CAL, ACT, GAPDH, GS and ApMat genes placed the 4 isolates described above in the C. siamense clade, while the other 3 isolates was attribute to the C. fructicola clade. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 7 healthy 2-year-old C. chrysantha seedlings (cv. Fangpu), consisted of 21 wounded leaves made by a sterile needle, with 3 leaves per seedling. Artificial inoculations were performed by treating each seedling with 20 µl of spore suspension (106 conidia/ml) of each isolate. Leaves of seedlings treated with sterilized water under the same conditions served as controls. The experiment was repeated three times. All the seedlings were covered with plastic bags to maintain high humidity (90% RH) and placed in a greenhouse kept at 25°C with a 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod. After 8 days, the inoculated leaves of C. chrysantha plants developed typical dark brown or black lesions, similar to the symptoms in the field, whereas controls remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of the same fungi from symptomatic inoculated leaves, identification confirmed by morphological and molecular characteristics, respectively. C. siamense and C. fructicola have been found to cause anthracnose on Camellia sinensis (Wang et al. 2016; Shi et al. 2018). C. fructicola has also been reported to cause anthracnose on Citrus sinensis in China (Hu et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense and C. fructicola causing anthracnose on C. chrysantha in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China, 100097;
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Dianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Huiling Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Liuqing Pan
- Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve Management Office, Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China;
| | - Nanyan Liao
- Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve Management Office, Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China;
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China;
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Wang W, de Silva DD, Moslemi A, Edwards J, Ades PK, Crous PW, Taylor PWJ. Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose of Citrus in Australia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 33445649 PMCID: PMC7828153 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum spp. are important pathogens of citrus that cause dieback of branches and postharvest disease. Globally, several species of Colletotrichum have been identified as causing anthracnose of citrus. One hundred and sixty-eight Colletotrichum isolates were collected from anthracnose symptoms on citrus stems, leaves, and fruit from Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, and from State herbaria in Australia. Colletotrichum australianum sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. siamense, and C. theobromicola were identified using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on seven genomic loci (ITS, gapdh, act, tub2, ApMat, gs, and chs-1) in the gloeosporioides complex and five genomic loci (ITS, tub2, act, chs-1, and his3) in the boninense complex, as well as morphological characters. Several isolates pathogenic to chili (Capsicum annuum), previously identified as C. queenslandicum, formed a clade with the citrus isolates described here as C. australianum sp. nov. The spore shape and culture characteristics of the chili and citrus isolates of C. australianum were similar and differed from those of C. queenslandicum. This is the first report of C. theobromicola isolated from citrus and the first detection of C. karstii and C. siamense associated with citrus anthracnose in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (W.W.); (D.D.d.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Dilani D. de Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (W.W.); (D.D.d.S.); (A.M.)
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Azin Moslemi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (W.W.); (D.D.d.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Peter K. Ades
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul W. J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (W.W.); (D.D.d.S.); (A.M.)
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Jeyaraj A, Elango T, Li X, Guo G. Utilization of microRNAs and their regulatory functions for improving biotic stress tolerance in tea plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1365-1382. [PMID: 32478595 PMCID: PMC7549669 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1774987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a central role in responses to biotic stressors through their interactions with their target mRNAs. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), an important beverage crop, is vulnerable to tea geometrid and anthracnose disease that causes considerable crop loss and tea production worldwide. Sustainable production of tea in the current scenario to biotic factors is major challenges. To overcome the problem of biotic stresses, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with bioinformatics analyses has been used as an effective approach for the identification of stress-responsive miRNAs and their regulatory functions in tea plant. These stress-responsive miRNAs can be utilized for miRNA-mediated gene silencing to enhance stress tolerance in tea plant. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of miRNAs regulatory functions in tea plant responding to Ectropis oblique and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides attacks for future miRNA research. Also, it highlights the utilization of miRNA-mediated gene silencing strategies for developing biotic stress-tolerant tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anburaj Jeyaraj
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Tamilselvi Elango
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, P.R. China
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Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V, Palla B, Papp D, Bhunjun CS, Hurdeal VG, Senwanna C, Manawasinghe IS, Harischandra DL, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Chuankid B, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Zeng X, Liyanage KK, Liu N, Karunarathna A, Hapuarachchi KK, Luangharn T, Raspé O, Brahmanage R, Doilom M, Lee HB, Mei L, Jeewon R, Huanraluek N, Chaiwan N, Stadler M, Wang Y. One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020). FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
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Xie H, Feng X, Wang M, Wang Y, Kumar Awasthi M, Xu P. Implications of endophytic microbiota in Camellia sinensis: a review on current understanding and future insights. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1001-1015. [PMID: 32881650 PMCID: PMC8291792 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1816788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi and bacteria are the most ubiquitous and representative commensal members that have been studied so far in various higher plants. Within colonization and interaction with their host plants, endophytic microbiota are reportedly to modulate not only the host's growth but also holobiont resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses, providing a natural reservoir and a promising solution for sustainable agricultural development challenged by global climate change. Moreover, possessing the talent to produce a wide array of high-value natural products, plant endophytic microbiota also serve as an alternative way for novel drug discovery. In this review, tea, one of the world's three largest nonalcoholic beverages and a worldwide economic woody crop, was highlighted in the context of endophytic microbiota. We explore the recent studies regarding isolation approaches, distribution characteristics and diversity, and also biological functions of endophytic microbiota in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Profoundly, the future insight into interaction mechanism between endophytic microbiota and tea plants will shed light on in-depth exploration of tea microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtong Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
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Huang S, Xia J, Zhang X, Sun W, Li Z. Two new species of Microdochium from Indocalamus longiauritus in south-western China. MycoKeys 2020; 72:93-108. [PMID: 32982557 PMCID: PMC7498474 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.72.55445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdochium species have often been reported as plant pathogens and saprophytes and are commonly isolated from some diseased plant hosts. The primary aim of the present study was to describe and illustrate two new Microdochium species isolated from the leaf spot of Indocalamus longiauritus in Yunnan Province, China, namely Microdochium yunnanense and M. indocalami, spp. nov., based on their morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2. DNA sequence data indicate that six strains represent three independent groups from related and similar species in Microdochium. Microdochium indocalami sp. nov. clustered with M. fisheri, M. lycopodinum, M. rhopalostylidis, and M. phragmitis. Microdochium yunnanense sp. nov. grouped with M. bolleyi. In addition, the strain SAUCC1017 is recorded as an unidentified species in Microdochium. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species in the genus and Microdochium sp. indet. are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Jiwen Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
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Lin SR, Yu SY, Chang TD, Lin YJ, Wen CJ, Lin YH. First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on tea in Taiwan. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:710-710. [PMID: 32897154 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1288-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a very popular beverage and cash crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. In November 2017, diseased tea plants that exhibiting brown blight disease were observed in Guanxi Township of Hsinchu County in Taiwan. In the plantation,15% of tea trees (about 4000 plants) had an average of 20% of the leaves with at least one lesion. The symptoms began as small, water-soaked lesions on young leaves and twigs and later became larger, dark brown, necrotic lesions of 1 to 3 cm in diameter on leaves and 2 to 5 cm in length on twigs. Symptomatic leaf tissue (1 cm2) from five samples per sample) was surface sterilized with 1% NaClO (from commercial bleach, Clorox) for 1 min, washed with sterilized water 3 times, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated under 12h/12h cycles of light and darkness at 25°C until sporulation to determine the causal agent. A fungus was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaf samples (80% isolation rate). The fungus initially produced white-to-gray fluffy aerial hyphae, which subsequently exhibited dark pigmentation. Acervuli and setae were absent. The conidia were hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, and cylindrical with obtuse to slightly rounded ends, with sizes of 12.10 to 16.02 × 3.58 to 4.91 (average 13.77 × 4.05, n = 30) μm. The majority had two rounded guttules. The appressoria were brown to dark brown, ovoid and slightly obtuse at the tip in shape, had lengths ranging from 3.59 to 10.31 μm (with an average of 7.18 μm, n = 30), and had diameters of 3.14 to 6.43 μm (with an average of 5.10 μm, n = 30). Morphological characteristics matched the descriptions of Colletotrichum fructicola (Liu et al. 2015; Fuentes-Aragón et al. 2018). The internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), and Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and partial mating-type Mat1-2 gene (ApMAT) sequences of the isolates were obtained to confirm this identification. The sequences showed close identity with those of C. fructicola ex-type cultures ICMP18581 and CBS 130416 (Weir et al. 2012) of 99.65% for the ITS (JX010165), 99.29% for the ACT (JX009501), and 100.00% for the CHS-1 (JX009866), as well as close identity with the other ex-type culture LF506 (Liu et al. 2015) of 99.59% for the ApMat (KJ954567), supporting the isolate's identification as C. fructicola. The sequences were deposited in GenBank, with the following accession Nos.: MN608177 (ITS), MN393175 (ACT), MT087546 (CHS-1), and MT087542 (ApMAT). Based on morphology and DNA sequence analysis, the associated fungus was identified as C. fructicola. Pathogenicity tests were performed next according to the procedures described in Chen et al. (2017). Healthy leaves on tea plants (Ca. sinensis 'Chin-shin Oolong') were wounded by pinpricking in the middle of each counterpart and inoculated with conidial suspension (1 × 107 conidia/ml, 10 μl). Both non-wounded and wounded healthy leaves were inoculated with the conidial suspension and sterile distilled water (a water control). The tea plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain high relative humidity for two days. One week after inoculation, anthracnose was observed on 40% of inoculated leaves, whereas all the control leaves remained healthy. The fungus was re-isolated from the diseased plants, and identified as C. fructicola by resequencing of the four genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. fructicola on tea in Taiwan although the pathogen has been present in China and Indonesia (Wang et al. 2016; Shi et al. 2017; Farr and Rossman, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Ruei Lin
- Tea Research and Extension Station, Executive Yuan, R.O.C., Section of Tea Agronomy, Taoyuan City, Taiwan;
| | - Si-Ying Yu
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Department of Plant Medicine, Pingtung County, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-De Chang
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Department of Plant Medicine, Pingtung County, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Jia Lin
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Department of Plant Medicine, Pingtung County, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Jie Wen
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Department of Plant Medicine, Pingtung County, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Hong Lin
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Department of Plant Medicine, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 63279, Plant Medicine Teaching Hospital, General Research Service Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan;
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Liu X, Li B, Yang Y, Cai J, Shi T, Zheng X, Huang G. Pathogenic Adaptations Revealed by Comparative Genome Analyses of Two Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agent of Anthracnose in Rubber Tree. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1484. [PMID: 32793128 PMCID: PMC7385191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum australisinense cause Colletotrichum leaf disease that differ in their symptoms in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), and pathogenicity of these two fungal species is also not identical on different cultivars of rubber tree. This divergence is often attributed to pathogen virulence factors, namely carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), secondary metabolites (SM), and small-secreted protein (SSP) effectors. The draft genome assembly and functional annotation of potential pathogenicity genes of both species obtained here provide an important and timely genomic resource for better understanding the biology and lifestyle of Colletotrichum spp. This should pave the way for designing more efficient disease control strategies in plantations of rubber tree. In this study, the genes associated with these categories were manually annotated in the genomes of C. australisinense GX1655 and C. siamense HBCG01. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to address the evolutionary relationships among these gene families in the two species. First, the size of genome assembly, number of predicted genes, and some of the functional categories differed significantly between the two congeners. Second, from the comparative genomic analyses, we identified some specific genes, certain higher abundance of gene families associated with CAZymes, CYP450, and SM in the genome of C. siamense, and Nep1-like proteins (NLP) in the genome of C. australisinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
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Zhou X, Zeng L, Chen Y, Wang X, Liao Y, Xiao Y, Fu X, Yang Z. Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165684. [PMID: 32784431 PMCID: PMC7460824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content-regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, Colletotrichum camelliae and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yingjuan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiumin Fu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-3807-2989
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Lu Q, Wang Y, Xiong F, Hao X, Zhang X, Li N, Wang L, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the effects of callose deposition and multihormone signal transduction pathways on the tea plant-Colletotrichum camelliae interaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12858. [PMID: 32733080 PMCID: PMC7393116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum infects diverse hosts, including tea plants, and can lead to crop failure. Numerous studies have reported that biological processes are involved in the resistance of tea plants to Colletotrichum spp. However, the molecular and biochemical responses in the host during this interaction are unclear. Cuttings of the tea cultivar Longjing 43 (LJ43) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Colletotrichum camelliae, and water-sprayed cuttings were used as controls. In total, 10,592 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the transcriptomic data of the tea plants and were significantly enriched in callose deposition and the biosynthesis of various phytohormones. Subsequently, 3,555 mass spectra peaks were obtained by LC-MS detection in the negative ion mode, and 27, 18 and 81 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in the tea leaves at 12 hpi, 24 hpi and 72 hpi, respectively. The metabolomic analysis also revealed that the levels of the precursors and intermediate products of jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetate (IAA) biosynthesis were significantly increased during the interaction, especially when the symptoms became apparent. In conclusion, we suggest that callose deposition and various phytohormone signaling systems play important roles in the tea plant-C. camelliae interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Lu
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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68
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Hu H, Ren L. First Report of Anthracnose on Ctenanthe oppenheimiana Caused by Colletotrichum siamense in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:227. [PMID: 32720882 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1277-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ctenanthe oppenheimiana (E. Morren) K. Schum. (Maranta oppenheimiana) is a shade-loving, monocotyledonous ornamental plant belonging to the family Marantaceae. The plant has attractive foliage and is used for decoration in a park and around offices building. Six million seedings were produced in China in 2017 (China Flower Association, 2018). Plants were seriously infected with a year-round foliar disease. The disease occurred in all planting areas and approximately 53.1% and 48.3% of the plants in Guangdong and Fujian provinces in China, March 2017, were infected and caused economic loss to control plant diseases with chemicals. The initial symptoms were observed after 1 month of planting and included small brown lesions that expanded to form large irregular yellow lesions at the tips or margins of the leaves in campus of Guangdong Ocean University. Diseased plants were collected in Zhanjiang city (110°30' E, 21°20' N), Gaozhou city Guangdong province and (117.42E, 25.3N) and Zhangping city Fujian province (117°42' E, 25°30' N). Seven single-spore cultures were recovered from symptomatic samples after they were disinfested with 1% NaOCl, and plated on potato sucrose agar (PSA) at 28 °C for one week. Three isolates were used for pathogenicity test, 200 μL conidial suspension (106 conidia ml-1) was dropped on the leaf sites with sterile needle-prick wound at 5-8 leaf stage. There were three replicates for each treatment and the experiment was repeated three times. Plants were placed in incubator at 25 ℃, with 80% humidity and a 12-h light/dark cycle. Control seedlings were treated identically except sterile water was placed on the wounds. Round brown necrotic lesions in the middle of the leaves grew in the inoculated wounded leaves 5 days after inoculation and brown necrotic lesions developed into large brown lesions of 2.2-3.6 cm 10 days after inoculation whilethere were no symptoms in the negative controls. Colletotrichum was re-isolated from the lesions in inoculated leaves fulfilling Koch's postulates. Colonies on PSA were grayish white with a regular border and a felty aerial mycelium that contained masses of orange conidia. No setae were observed in the PSA culture. Conidia were straight and hyaline with rounded ends measuring 10.0-15.0×5.0-6.0 μm (average =14.2×5.3 μm, n=50). Conidiophores hyaline, septate. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline, cylindric, and 13.2-22.5×4.5-5.5 µm (average =19.5×4.6 μm, n=50). Appressoria were cylindrical, 5.2-10.5 × 4.0-6.8 μm (average =7.5×5.2 μm, n=50). For molecular identification, the colony PCR method with MightyAmp DNA Polymerase (Takara-Bio, Dalian, China) (Lu et al. 2012) was used to amplify the ITS of ribosomal DNA, glutamine synthetase (GS), calmodulin(CAL) and Apmat loci of three isolates using primer pairs of ITS4/ITS5, GSF1/GSR1, CL1C/CL2C and AM-F/AM-R (Liu et al. 2015). Phylogenetic tree derived from a neighbor-joining analysis of a concatenated alignment of ITS, GS, CAL and ApMAT sequences. The accession numbers of three isolates ZJCG, GZCG and FJCG used in this study were KP635210, MN133235, MN133236 for ITS, MT594433, MT594434, MT594435 for CAL, MT594436, MT594437, MT594438 for GS and MN133228, MN133229, MN133230 for ApMAT. The sequences of the three isolates were aligned with those of the related species in C. gloeosporioides complex (Liu et al. 2015). Analyses based on concatenated data sets of four genes showed that the sequences had high levels of identity to those of the C. siamense strains. According to both morphological and sequence analyses, the C. oppenheimiana pathogen was identified as C. siamense. There are two reports of foliar pathogens on C. oppenheimiana, Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia oryzae (Baiswar et al. 2010, Pappas and Vloutoglou, 1996). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on C. oppenheimiana caused by C. siamense in China. Identification of the pathogen of this disease is essential for the development of effective and economical management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Han Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
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Khodadadi F, González JB, Martin PL, Giroux E, Bilodeau GJ, Peter KA, Doyle VP, Aćimović SG. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11043. [PMID: 32632221 PMCID: PMC7338416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species is a growing problem worldwide. Colletotrichum spp. are economically important but taxonomically un-resolved. Identification of Colletotrichum spp. is critical due to potential species-level differences in pathogenicity-related characteristics. A 400-isolate collection from New York apple orchards were morphologically assorted to two groups, C. acutatum species complex (CASC) and C. gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC). A sub-sample of 44 representative isolates, spanning the geographical distribution and apple varieties, were assigned to species based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of nrITS, GAPDH and TUB2 for CASC, and ITS, GAPDH, CAL, ACT, TUB2, APN2, ApMat and GS genes for CGSC. The dominant species was C. fioriniae, followed by C. chrysophilum and a novel species, C. noveboracense, described in this study. This study represents the first report of C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense as pathogens of apple. We assessed the enzyme activity and fungicide sensitivity for isolates identified in New York. All isolates showed amylolytic, cellulolytic and lipolytic, but not proteolytic activity. C. chrysophilum showed the highest cellulase and the lowest lipase activity, while C. noveboracense had the highest amylase activity. Fungicide assays showed that C. fioriniae was sensitive to benzovindiflupyr and thiabendazole, while C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense were sensitive to fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole. All species were pathogenic on apple fruit with varying lesion sizes. Our findings of differing pathogenicity-related characteristics among the three species demonstrate the importance of accurate species identification for any downstream investigations of Colletotrichum spp. in major apple growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khodadadi
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan B González
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Phillip L Martin
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
| | - Emily Giroux
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari A Peter
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Srđan G Aćimović
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA.
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Xiong F, Wang Y, Lu Q, Hao X, Fang W, Yang Y, Zhu X, Wang X. Lifestyle Characteristics and Gene Expression Analysis of Colletotrichum camelliae Isolated from Tea Plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Based on Transcriptome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050782. [PMID: 32443615 PMCID: PMC7278179 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the most serious pathogens causing anthracnose in tea plants, but the interactive relationship between C. camelliae and tea plants has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the gene expression changes in five different growth stages of C. camelliae based on transcriptome analysis to explain the lifestyle characteristics during the infection. On the basis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of germ tube (GT)/conidium (Con), appressoria (App)/Con, and cellophane infectious hyphae (CIH)/Con groups, the cellular process in the biological process category and intracellular, intracellular part, cell, and cell part in the cellular component category were significantly enriched. Hydrolase activity, catalytic activity, and molecular_function in the molecular function category were particularly enriched in the infection leaves (IL)/Con group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in the genetic information processing pathway (ribosome) at the GT stage and the metabolism pathway (metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolism) in the rest of the stages. Interestingly, the genes associated with melanin biosynthesis and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), which are vital for penetration and cell wall degradation, were significantly upregulated at the App, CIH and IL stages. Subcellular localization results further showed that the selected non-annotated secreted proteins based on transcriptome data were majorly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, predicted as new candidate effectors. The results of this study may establish a foundation and provide innovative ideas for subsequent research on C. camelliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (F.X.); (W.F.)
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (F.X.); (W.F.)
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (F.X.); (W.F.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-25-84395182 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-25-84395182 (X.Z.)
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National Center for Tea Improvement; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310008, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-25-84395182 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-25-84395182 (X.Z.)
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Cao X, Xu X, Che H, West JS, Luo D. Eight Colletotrichum Species, Including a Novel Species, Are Associated With Areca Palm Anthracnose in Hainan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1369-1377. [PMID: 32208062 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2077-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genus Colletotrichum is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi affecting numerous species, particularly tropical and subtropical crops and fruit trees. In this study, 43 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from areca palm leaves with anthracnose symptoms in 11 areca palm plantations in eight counties of Hainan, China. Based on the morphology, phylogenetic analysis of six loci (internal transcribed spacer, actin, chitin synthase 1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, and mating type locus MAT1-2), and pathogenicity tests, eight Colletotrichum species were distinguished, comprising five previously known species (C. cordylinicola, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, and C. tropicale), one unidentified Colletotrichum species, a new species (C. arecicola) in the gloeosporioides species complex, and C. karstii in the boninense species complex. C. siamense was the most common species found in areca palm in Hainan, followed by C. arecicola. Pathogenicity tests showed that all eight species could cause anthracnose symptoms on areca palm leaves using a wound inoculation method and that the isolates from the gloeosporioides species complex caused larger lesions than the isolates from the boninense species complex. Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology of these pathogenic species on areca palm in order to develop management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Haiyan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | | | - Daquan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Cabral A, Azinheira HG, Talhinhas P, Batista D, Ramos AP, Silva MDC, Oliveira H, Várzea V. Pathological, Morphological, Cytogenomic, Biochemical and Molecular Data Support the Distinction between Colletotrichum cigarro comb. et stat. nov. and Colletotrichum kahawae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E502. [PMID: 32295225 PMCID: PMC7238176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum has witnessed tremendous variations over the years in the number of species recognized, ranging from 11 to several hundreds. Host-specific fungal species, once the rule, are now the exception, with polyphagous behavior regarded as normal in this genus. The species Colletotrichum kahawae was created to accommodate the pathogens that have the unique ability to infect green developing coffee berries causing the devastating Coffee Berry Disease in Africa, but its close phylogenetic relationship to a polyphagous group of fungi in the C. gloeosporioides species complex led some researchers to regard these pathogens as members of a wider species. In this work we combine pathological, morphological, cytogenomic, biochemical, and molecular data of a comprehensive set of phylogenetically-related isolates to show that the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen forms a separate species, C. kahawae, and also to assign the closely related fungi, previously in C. kahawae subsp. cigarro, to a new species, C. cigarro comb. et stat. nov. This taxonomic clarification provides an opportunity to link phylogeny and functional biology, and additionally enables a much-needed tool for plant pathology and agronomy, associating exclusively C. kahawae to the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabral
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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Orrock JM, Rathinasabapathi B, Spakes Richter B. Anthracnose in U.S. Tea: Pathogen Characterization and Susceptibility Among Six Tea Accessions. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1055-1059. [PMID: 32027569 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-19-1518-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) is under investigation as a specialty crop in the United States. Anthracnose is a serious disease in global tea production, but there is no literature on the susceptibility of U.S. planting materials to this disease. We isolated a Colletotrichum species from symptomatic plants in a field trial and identified the pathogen as Colletotrichum camelliae based on morphology and sequencing of the ITS, GS, GAPDH, TUB2, and ApMat domains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that local field isolates were genetically similar to one another and grouped with isolates from C. sinensis in China, whereas a local isolate from an ornamental camellia (C. japonica) was more closely related to C. camelliae isolated from other Camellia spp. Six commercially available tea accessions were evaluated in detached leaf assays for susceptibility to this anthracnose pathogen. All accessions were susceptible to infection, with Fairhope and Small Leaf having the largest lesion sizes. In field observations, Fairhope, Big Leaf, and Small Leaf consistently had lower disease severity than Georgian over two growing seasons. This work documents the impact of anthracnose on U.S. tea varieties and may help shape future directions of tea research, breeding, and recommendations for growers in establishing a novel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Orrock
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL
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Li WJ, McKenzie EHC, Liu JK(J, Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Camporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD. Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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He S, Chen H, Wei Y, An T, Liu S. Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea ( Camellia sinensis). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:17. [PMID: 32095156 PMCID: PMC7027280 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea, which is produced from new shoots of existing tea plants (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular, non-alcoholic, healthy beverages worldwide. Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the dominant fungal pathogens of tea. The interaction of C. camelliae with tea could be a useful pathosystem to elucidate various aspects of woody, medicinal plant-fungal interactions. Currently, many studies characterizing resistance or virulence and aggressiveness use lesion size at the infection sites on the leaves to quantify the growth of the pathogen. However, this method does not offer the sensitivity needed for the robust quantification of small changes in aggressiveness or the accurate quantification of pathogen growth at the early stages of infection. RESULTS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed for the quantification of C. camelliae growth on tea plant. This method was based on the comparison of fungal DNA in relation to plant biomass. This assay was used to investigate the phenotypes of tea plant cultivars in response to C. camelliae infection. Two cultivars, Zhongcha 108 (ZC108) and Longjing 43 (LJ43), were tested with this method. ZC108 was previously reported as an anthracnose-resistant cultivar against C. camelliae, while LJ43 was susceptible. The traditional lesion measurement method showed that both cultivars were susceptible to a virulent strain of C. camelliae, while the qRT-PCR approach indicated that very little fungal growth occurred in the anthracnose-resistant cultivar ZC108. The observed results in this study were consistent with previously published research. In addition, the DNA-based real-time PCR method was applied for analysis of pathogenic differences in general C. camelliae isolates and among several Colletotrichum spp that infect tea. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the DNA-based qRT-PCR technique is rapid, highly sensitive and easily applicable for routine experiments and could be used in screening for resistant tea plant cultivars or to identify differences in pathogen aggressiveness within and among Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Huchen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai An
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
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Tovar-Pedraza JM, Mora-Aguilera JA, Nava-Díaz C, Lima NB, Michereff SJ, Sandoval-Islas JS, Câmara MPS, Téliz-Ortiz D, Leyva-Mir SG. Distribution and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species Associated With Mango Anthracnose in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:137-146. [PMID: 31730415 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0178-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the most significant disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in almost all production areas around the world. In Mexico, mango anthracnose has only been attributed to C. asianum and C. gloeosporioides. The aims of this study were to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with mango anthracnose symptoms in Mexico by phylogenetic inference using the ApMat marker, to determine the distribution of these species, and to test their pathogenicity and virulence on mango fruits. Surveys were carried out from 2010 to 2012 in 59 commercial orchards in the major mango growing states of Mexico, and a total of 118 isolates were obtained from leaves, twigs, and fruits with typical anthracnose symptoms. All isolates were tentatively identified in the C. gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree generated with Apn2/MAT intergenic spacer sequences of 59 isolates (one per orchard) revealed that C. alienum, C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale were associated with symptoms of mango anthracnose. In this study, C. alienum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale are reported for the first time in association with mango tissues in Mexico. This study represents the first report of C. alienum causing mango anthracnose worldwide. The distribution of Colletotrichum species varied among the mango growing states from Mexico. Chiapas was the only state in which all five species were found. Pathogenicity tests on mango fruit cultivar Manila showed that all Colletotrichum species from this study could induce anthracnose lesions. However, differences in virulence were evident among species. C. siamense and C. asianum were the most virulent, whereas C. alienum and C. fructicola were considered the least virulent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Coordinación Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, 80110 Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J A Mora-Aguilera
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C Nava-Díaz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - N B Lima
- CONICET-Instituto de Patología Vegetal, CIAP-INTA, X5020ICA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S J Michereff
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63130-025 Ceará, Brazil
| | - J S Sandoval-Islas
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D Téliz-Ortiz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
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Zheng XR, Zhang MJ, Shang XL, Fang SZ, Chen FM. Etiology of Cyclocarya paliurus Anthracnose in Jiangsu Province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:613499. [PMID: 33537048 PMCID: PMC7847979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is an extremely valuable and multifunctional tree species whose leaves have traditionally been used in used in medicine or as a medicinal tea in China. In recent years, anthracnose has been frequently observed on young leaves of C. paliurus in several nurseries located in Jiangsu Province, resulting in great yield and quality losses. To date, no information is available about the prevalence of C. paliurus anthracnose in China. The main purpose of the present study was to characterize the etiology of C. paliurus anthracnose. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight-loci concatenated dataset revealed that all 44 single-spore Colletotrichum isolates belonged to three species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, namely, Colletotrichum aenigma, Colletotrichum fructicola, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto. Phenotypic features, including the colony appearance and the morphology of conidia, appressoria, and ascospores, were consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. Virulence tests validated that the three Colletotrichum species could cause typical symptoms of anthracnose on C. paliurus leaves, similar to those observed in the field. The optimum mycelial growth temperature ranged from 25 to 30°C for all representative isolates, while C. gloeosporioides s. s. isolates exhibited greater tolerance to high temperature (40°C). Fungicide sensitivity assays indicated that all three Colletotrichum species were sensitive to tetramycin, which may be a potential alternative for the management of C. paliurus anthracnose. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of C. aenigma, C. fructicola, and C. gloeosporioides s. s. causing C. paliurus anthracnose in China as well as in the world.
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Optimal markers for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106694. [PMID: 31786239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum is among the most important genera of fungal plant pathogens. Molecular phylogenetic studies over the last decade have resulted in a much better understanding of the evolutionary relationships and species boundaries within the genus. There are now approximately 200 species accepted, most of which are distributed among 13 species complexes. Given their prominence on agricultural crops around the world, rapid identification of a large collection of Colletotrichum isolates is routinely needed by plant pathologists, regulatory officials, and fungal biologists. However, there is no agreement on the best molecular markers to discriminate species in each species complex. Here we calculate the barcode gap distance and intra/inter-specific distance overlap to evaluate each of the most commonly applied molecular markers for their utility as a barcode for species identification. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone-3 (HIS3), DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), and intergenic spacer between GAPDH and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS) have the properties of good barcodes, whereas sequences of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) are not able to distinguish most species. Finally, we assessed the utility of these markers for phylogenetic studies using phylogenetic informativeness profiling, the genealogical sorting index (GSI), and Bayesian concordance analyses (BCA). Although GAPDH, HIS3 and β-tubulin (TUB2) were frequently among the best markers, there was not a single set of markers that were best for all species complexes. Eliminating markers with low phylogenetic signal tends to decrease uncertainty in the topology, regardless of species complex, and leads to a larger proportion of markers that support each lineage in the Bayesian concordance analyses. Finally, we reconstruct the phylogeny of each species complex using a minimal set of phylogenetic markers with the strongest phylogenetic signal and find the majority of species are strongly supported as monophyletic.
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79
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Wang Y, Xiong F, Lu Q, Hao X, Zheng M, Wang L, Li N, Ding C, Wang X, Yang Y. Diversity of Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) in China, Including two Novel Pestalotiopsis Species, and Analysis of Their Pathogenicity. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2548-2558. [PMID: 31432774 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-19-0264-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several Pestalotiopsis-like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the diversity, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of pathogenic species associated with tea plants in China is limited. In this study, 168 Pestalotiopsis-like isolates were obtained from diseased tea plant leaves from 13 primary tea-producing provinces and cities in China. Based on a multilocus (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene region) phylogenetic analysis coupled with an assessment of conidial characteristics, 20 Neopestalotiopsis unclassified isolates, seven Pestalotiopsis species, including two novel (Pestalotiopsis menhaiensis and Pestalotiopsis sichuanensis), four known (Pestalotiopsis camelliae, Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, and Pestalotiopsis rhodomyrtus) and one indistinguishable species, and three Pseudopestalotiopsis species, including two known (Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis and Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis) and one indistinguishable species, were identified. This study is the first to evaluate Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis on tea plants in China. The geographical distribution and pathogenicity tests showed Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis to be the dominant cause of gray blight of tea plants in China. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that theobromine not only derepressed mycelial growth of the 29 representative isolates but also increased their growth. Correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between the mycelial growth rate and pathogenicity (P = 0.0148).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
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He S, An T, A R, Liu S. Validation of Reliable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Studies of Target Gene Expression in Colletotrichum camelliae During Spore Germination and Mycelial Growth and Interaction With Host Plants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2055. [PMID: 31551988 PMCID: PMC6737088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the most important leaf crops, and it is widely used for the production of non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. Tea also has a long history of medicinal use. Colletotrichum camelliae Massee is one of the dominant fungal pathogens that infects tea leaves and causes severe tea anthracnose disease. To analyze the molecular biology of C. camelliae, the quantification of pathogen gene expression by the RT-qPCR method is necessary. Reliable RT-qPCR results require the use of stable reference genes for data normalization. However, suitable reference genes have not been reported in C. camelliae thus far. In this study, 12 candidate genes (i.e., CcSPAC6B12.04c, CcWDR83, Cchp11, Ccnew1, CcHplo, CcRNF5, CcHpcob, CcfaeB-2, CcYER010C, CcRNM1, CcUP18, and CcACT) were isolated from C. camelliae and assessed as potential reference genes. The expression stability of these genes in C. camelliae during spore germination and mycelial growth and interaction with host plants was first evaluated using several statistical algorithms, such as geNorm, NormFinder, and Bestkeeper. A web-based analysis program, Refinder, was then used to find the most suitable reference genes. Our results indicated that Cenew1, CcHplo, and CcSPAC6B12.04c were the most stable reference genes in C. camelliae under all conditions. Our work provided the most suitable reference genes for future studies performed to quantify the target gene expression levels of C. camelliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tai An
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runa A
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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81
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de Silva DD, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, Ades PK, Nasruddin A, Mongkolporn O, Taylor PWJ. Identification, prevalence and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of Capsicum annuum in Asia. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 32355609 PMCID: PMC7184891 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose of chili (Capsicum spp.) causes major production losses throughout Asia where chili plants are grown. A total of 260 Colletotrichum isolates, associated with necrotic lesions of chili leaves and fruit were collected from chili producing areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Taiwan. Colletotrichum truncatum was the most commonly isolated species from infected chili fruit and was readily identified by its falcate spores and abundant setae in the necrotic lesions. The other isolates consisted of straight conidia (cylindrical and fusiform) which were difficult to differentiate to species based on morphological characters. Taxonomic analysis of these straight conidia isolates based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, gapdh, chs-1, act, tub2, his3, ApMat, gs) revealed a further seven known Colletotrichum species, C. endophyticum, C. fructicola, C. karsti, C. plurivorum, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. tropicale. In addition, three novel species are also described as C. javanense, C. makassarense and C. tainanense, associated with anthracnose of chili fruit in West Java (Indonesia); Makassar, South Sulawesi (Indonesia); and Tainan (Taiwan), respectively. Colletotrichum siamense is reported for the first time causing anthracnose of Capsicum annuum in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This is also the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose of chili in Taiwan and Thailand and C. plurivorum in Malaysia and Thailand. Of the species with straight conidia, C. scovillei (acutatum complex), was the most prevalent throughout the surveyed countries, except for Sri Lanka from where this species was not isolated. Colletotrichum siamense (gloeosporioides complex) was also common in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Pathogenicity tests on chili fruit showed that C. javanense and C. scovillei were highly aggressive, especially when inoculated on non-wounded fruit, compared to all other species. The existence of new, highly aggressive exotic species, such as C. javanense, poses a biosecurity risk to production in countries which do not have adequate quarantine regulations to restrict the entry of exotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilani D de Silva
- 1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Johannes Z Groenewald
- 2Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro W Crous
- 2Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Ades
- 3Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Andi Nasruddin
- 4Department of Plant Pest & Disease, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Orarat Mongkolporn
- 5Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Paul W J Taylor
- 1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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82
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Wang M, Chen Q, Diao Y, Duan W, Cai L. Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex from China. PERSOONIA 2019; 43:70-89. [PMID: 32214498 PMCID: PMC7085858 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is shown to encompass 33 phylogenetic species, across a wide range of habitats/hosts around the world. Here, 77 pathogenic and endophytic FIESC strains collected from China were studied to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within FIESC, based on a polyphasic approach combining morphological characters, multi-locus phylogeny and distribution patterns. The importance of standardised cultural methods to the identification and classification of taxa in the FIESC is highlighted. Morphological features of macroconidia, including the shape, size and septum number, were considered as diagnostic characters within the FIESC. A multi-locus dataset encompassing the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1) and partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), was generated to distinguish species within the FIESC. Nine novel species were identified and described. The RPB2 locus is demonstrated to be a primary barcode with high success rate in amplification, and to have the best species delimitation compared to the other four tested loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Y.Z. Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - W.J. Duan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, P. R. China
- Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315012, P. R. China
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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83
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Shi YL, Sheng YY, Cai ZY, Yang R, Li QS, Li XM, Li D, Guo XY, Lu JL, Ye JH, Wang KR, Zhang LJ, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Involvement of Salicylic Acid in Anthracnose Infection in Tea Plants Revealed by Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102439. [PMID: 31108845 PMCID: PMC6566613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose is a major leaf disease in tea plant induced by Colletotrichum, which has led to substantial losses in yield and quality of tea. The molecular mechanism with regards to responses or resistance to anthracnose in tea remains unclear. A de novo transcriptome assembly dataset was generated from healthy and anthracnose-infected leaves on tea cultivars “Longjing-43” (LJ43) and “Zhenong-139” (ZN139), with 381.52 million pair-end reads, encompassing 47.78 billion bases. The unigenes were annotated versus Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Swiss-prot. The number of differential expression genes (DEGs) detected between healthy and infected leaves was 1621 in LJ43 and 3089 in ZN139. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were highly enriched in catalytic activity, oxidation-reduction, cell-wall reinforcement, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction. Further studies by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that expression of genes involved in endogenous salicylic acid biosynthesis and also accumulation of foliar salicylic acid are involved in the response of tea plant to anthracnose infection. This study firstly provided novel insight in salicylic acid acting as a key compound in the responses of tea plant to anthracnose disease. The transcriptome dataset in this study will facilitate to profile gene expression and metabolic networks associated with tea plant immunity against anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Yue Sheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xu-Min Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Da Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Long-Jie Zhang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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84
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Abstract
During our investigation of Camellia sinensis diseases (2013–2018), a new leaf spot disease was found in seven provinces of China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Tibet and Yunnan), occurring on both arboreal and terraced tea plants. The leaf spots were round to irregular, brown to dark brown, with grey or tangerine margins. Multi-locus (LSU, ITS, gapdh, tef-1α, tub2) phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological observations revealed four new species belonging to the genus Setophoma, i.e.S. antiqua, S. longinqua, S. yingyisheniae and S. yunnanensis. Of these four species, S. yingyisheniae was found to be present on diseased terraced tea plants in six of the seven sampled provinces (excluding Yunnan). The other three species only occurred on arboreal tea plants in Yunnan Province. In addition to the four species isolated from diseased leaves, S. endophytica sp. nov. was isolated from healthy leaves of terraced tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- State key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - J Wang
- State key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - W Wang
- Shandong Hetian Wang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., WeiFang, 261300, China
| | - L Cai
- State key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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85
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Wu B, Hussain M, Zhang W, Stadler M, Liu X, Xiang M. Current insights into fungal species diversity and perspective on naming the environmental DNA sequences of fungi. Mycology 2019; 10:127-140. [PMID: 31448147 PMCID: PMC6691916 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1614106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The global bio-diversity of fungi has been extensively investigated and their species number has been estimated. Notably, the development of molecular phylogeny has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity and utilisation of culture-independent approaches including high-throughput amplicon sequencing has dramatically increased number of fungal operational taxonomic units. A number of novel taxa including new divisions, classes, orders and new families have been established in last decade. Many cryptic species were identified by molecular phylogeny. Based on recently generated data from culture-dependent and -independent survey on same samples, the fungal species on the earth were estimated to be 12 (11.7-13.2) million compared to 2.2-3.8 million species recently estimated by a variety of the estimation techniques. Moreover, it has been speculated that the current use of high-throughput sequencing techniques would reveal an even higher diversity than our current estimation. Recently, the formal classification of environmental sequences and permission of DNA sequence data as fungal names' type were proposed but strongly objected by the mycologist community. Surveys on fungi in unusual niches have indicated that many previously regarded "unculturable fungi" could be cultured on certain substrates under specific conditions. Moreover, the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and a single-cell genomics could be a powerful means to detect novel taxa. Here, we propose to separate the fungal types into physical type based on specimen, genome DNA (gDNA) type based on complete genome sequence of culturable and uncluturable fungal specimen and digital type based on environmental DNA sequence data. The physical and gDNA type should have priority, while the digital type can be temporal supplementary before the physical type and gDNA type being available. The fungal name based on the "digital type" could be assigned as the "clade" name + species name. The "clade" name could be the name of genus, family or order, etc. which the sequence of digital type affiliates to. Facilitating future cultivation efforts should be encouraged. Also, with the advancement in knowledge of fungi inhabiting various environments mostly because of rapid development of new detection technologies, more information should be expected for fungal diversity on our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meichun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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86
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Damm U, Sato T, Alizadeh A, Groenewald J, Crous P. The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes. Stud Mycol 2019; 92:1-46. [PMID: 29997400 PMCID: PMC6030544 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Glomerella glycines, Colletotrichum magnum and C. orchidearum are known as causal agents of anthracnose of soybean, Cucurbitaceae and Orchidaceae, respectively, their taxonomy remains unresolved. In preliminary analyses based on ITS, strains of these species appear basal in Colletotrichum phylogenies, clustering close to C. cliviae, C. brevisporum and other recently described species from tropical or subtropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 102 strains previously identified as Ga. glycines, C. magnum and C. orchidearum as well as other related strains from different culture collections and studies placed these taxa in three species complexes, and distinguished at least 24 species, including 11 new species. In this study, C. magnum, C. orchidearum and C. piperis were epitypified and their taxonomy resolved, while C. cliviicola was proposed as a new name for C. cliviae. Furthermore, a sexual morph was observed for C. yunnanense, while C. brevisporum, C. cliviicola and C. tropicicola were reported from new hosts or countries. Regarding their conidial morphology, species in the C. dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes are reminiscent of C. gloeosporioides or C. boninense s. lat., and were likely to be confused with them in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - T. Sato
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - A. Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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87
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He L, Li X, Gao Y, Li B, Mu W, Liu F. Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from Different Hosts in Shandong, China. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:34-43. [PMID: 30388064 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-18-0597-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, can severely infect the fruits and leaves of more than 30 plants and thus results in great yield and quality losses. To identify the major Colletotrichum species infecting walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves in Shandong Province, China, 101 strains were collected and isolated. The morphological characteristics of all isolates were observed, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, and HIS3) were conducted on the representative isolates. The strains were identified as five Colletotrichum species, namely, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. fructicola, C. camelliae, C. acutatum sensu stricto, and C. viniferum. Among them, C. viniferum was reported for the first time from walnut fruits and strawberry leaves in Shandong Province, China. Corresponding leaves or fruits were used as a model to clarify the pathogenicity of these isolates. The results showed that C. fructicola obtained from strawberry leaves was more aggressive than C. viniferum. All of the isolates obtained from various hosts were highly sensitive to pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, tebuconazole, pyrisoxazole, and tetramycin in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (EC50 values of 0.07 to 1.63 mg/liter). The fastest mycelial growth was observed in the temperature range of 25-28°C for all isolates. In addition, anthracnose symptoms occur frequently under these conditions. Overall, this study can improve the understanding of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves and can provide a solid foundation for the effective control of this disease in different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
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88
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Cao X, Xu X, Che H, West JS, Luo D. Three Colletotrichum Species, Including a New Species, are Associated to Leaf Anthracnose of Rubber Tree in Hainan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:117-124. [PMID: 30398958 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0374-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum have been reported to be causal agents of anthracnose disease of rubber tree. Recent investigations have shown that both C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are species complexes. The identities of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of rubber tree in Hainan, China, are unknown. In this study, 106 isolates obtained from rubber tree with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from 12 counties of Hainan and identified at the species complex level based on the ITS sequences and colony morphologies. Seventy-four isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides species complex and the other 32 isolates as C. acutatum species complex. Forty-two isolates were selected for further multilocus phylogenetic analyses in order to identify the isolates to the species level. Twenty-six isolates from the C. gloeosporioides species complex were characterized for partial sequences of seven gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS, ApMat, and GS), and the other 16 isolates from the C. acutatum species complex for five gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS). Three species were identified: C. siamense and C. fructicola from the C. gloeosporioides species complex, and a new species C. wanningense from the C. acutatum species complex. Artificial inoculation of rubber tree leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the three species. The present study improves the understanding of species causing anthracnose on rubber tree and provides useful information for the effective control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Haiyan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | | | - Daquan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Lu Q, Wang Y, Li N, Ni D, Yang Y, Wang X. Differences in the Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum camelliae and C. fructicola Isolated From the Tea Plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3060. [PMID: 30619146 PMCID: PMC6297754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum, the causative agent of anthracnose, is an important pathogen that invades the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). In this study, 38 isolates were obtained from the diseased leaves of tea plants collected in different areas of Zhejiang Province, China. A combination of multigene (ITS, ACT, GAPDH, TUB2, CAL, and GS) and morphology analyses showed that the 38 strains belonged to two different species, namely, C. camelliae (CC), and C. fructicola (CF). Pathogenicity tests revealed that CC was more invasive than CF. In vitro inoculation experiments demonstrated that CC formed acervuli at 72 hpi and developed appressoria on wound edges, but CF did not develop these structures. Under treatment with catechins and caffeine, the growth inhibition rates of CF were remarkably higher than those of CC, indicating that the nonpathogenic species CF was more vulnerable to catechins and caffeine. Growth condition testing indicated that CF grew at a wide temperature range of 15-35°C and that the optimum temperature for CC growth was 25°C. Growth of both CC and CF did not differ between acidic and weakly alkaline environments (pH 5-8), but the growth of CC was significantly reduced at pH values of 9 and 10. Furthermore, the PacC/RIM101 gene, which associated with pathogenicity, was identified from CC and CF genomes, and its expression was suppressed in the hyphae of both species under pH value of 5 and 10, and much lower expression level was detected in CC than that in CF at pH 6. These results indicated that temperature has more important effect than pH for the growth of two Colletotrichum species. In conclusion, the inhibition by secondary metabolite is an important reason why the pathogenicity by CC and CF are different to tea plant, although the environmental factors including pH and temperature effect the growth of two Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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90
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Ma X, Nontachaiyapoom S, Jayawardena RS, yde KD, Gentekaki E, Zhou S, Qian Y, Wen T, Kang J. Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Dendrobium spp. in China and Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 2018; 43:23-57. [PMID: 30568535 PMCID: PMC6290043 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.43.25081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Colletotrichum are commonly found in many plant hosts as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally saprobes. Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from three Dendrobium species - D.cariniferum, D.catenatum and D.harveyanum, as well as three unidentified species. The taxa were identified using morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, ACT and ß-tubulin sequence data. This is the first time to identify endophytic fungi from Dendrobium orchids using the above method. The known species, Colletotrichumboninense, C.camelliae-japonicae, C.fructicola, C.jiangxiense and C.orchidophilum were identified as fungal endophytes of Dendrobium spp., along with the new species, C.cariniferi, C.chiangraiense, C.doitungense, C.parallelophorum and C.watphraense, which are introduced in this paper. One strain is recorded as an unidentified species. Corn meal agar is recommended as a good sporulation medium for Colletotrichum species. This is the first report of fungal endophytes associated with Dendrobiumcariniferum and D.harveyanum. Colletotrichumcamelliae-japonicae, C.jiangxiense, and C.orchidophilum are new host records for Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. yde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou institute of animal husbandry and veterinary, Guiyang, Guizhou province, 550005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Qian
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingchi Wen
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
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91
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Haelewaters D, De Kesel A, Pfister DH. Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden species within a common fungal parasite of ladybirds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15966. [PMID: 30374135 PMCID: PMC6206035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of fungal diversity is far from complete. Species descriptions generally focus on morphological features, but this approach may underestimate true diversity. Using the morphological species concept, Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) is a single species with global distribution and wide host range. Since its description 120 years ago, this fungal parasite has been reported from 30 species of ladybird hosts on all continents except Antarctica. These host usage patterns suggest that H. virescens could be made up of many different species, each adapted to individual host species. Using sequence data from three gene regions, we found evidence for distinct clades within Hesperomyces virescens, each clade corresponding to isolates from a single host species. We propose that these lineages represent separate species, driven by adaptation to different ladybird hosts. Our combined morphometric, molecular phylogenetic and ecological data provide support for a unified species concept and an integrative taxonomy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - André De Kesel
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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92
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Numponsak T, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Biosynthetic pathway and optimal conditions for the production of indole-3-acetic acid by an endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum fructicola CMU-A109. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205070. [PMID: 30335811 PMCID: PMC6193638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which can stimulate plant growth. Twenty-seven isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from Coffea arabica in northern Thailand. Only one isolate (CMU-A109) produced IAA in vitro. This isolate was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of a combined five loci (internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, actin, β-tubulin 2, chitin synthase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes). Identification of a fungal IAA production obtained from indole 3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity is suggestive of IAM routed IAA biosynthesis. The highest IAA yield (1205.58±151.89 μg/mL) was obtained after 26 days of cultivation in liquid medium supplemented with 8 mg/mL L-tryptophan at 30°C. Moreover, the crude fungal IAA could stimulate coleoptile elongation of maize, rice and rye. This is the first report of IAA production by C. fructicola and its ability to produce IAA was highest when compared with previous reports on IAA produced by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapon Numponsak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mia, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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93
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Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2018; 42:1-35. [PMID: 31551612 PMCID: PMC6712541 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pear-cultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.
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94
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Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose of Rubber Trees in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10435. [PMID: 29992950 PMCID: PMC6041288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases of Hevea brasiliensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum remains limited in China. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic tissues of H.brasiliensis from four provinces of China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan). Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, five species were distinguished, including two known species (C. fructicola, C. siamense), one novel species of C. gloeosporioides species complex (C. ledongense), and two novel species of C. acutatum species complex (C. bannanense and C. australisinense). Of these, C. siamense and C. australisinense have been recognized as major causative agents of anthracnose of H. brasiliensis.
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95
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Fuentes-Aragón D, Juárez-Vázquez SB, Vargas-Hernández M, Silva-Rojas HV. Colletotrichum fructicola, a Member of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, is the Causal Agent of Anthracnose and Soft Rot in Avocado Fruits cv. "Hass". MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:92-100. [PMID: 29963310 PMCID: PMC6023250 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1454010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous Ascomycota Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is a fungus that has been reported worldwide as a causal agent of anthracnose disease in avocado and other crops. In Mexico, this species affects fruits from an early stage of development in the orchard until the post-harvest stage. Although fungicides are continuously applied to control Colletotrichum species, pericarp cankers and soft rot mesocarp in fruits are still frequently observed. Considering the lack of a precise description of the causative agent, the aim of the current study was to determine the pathogens involved in this symptomatology. Twenty-four isolates were consistently obtained from the pericarp of avocado fruits cv. "Hass" collected in the central avocado-producing area of Mexico. Morphological features such as colony growth, conidia size, and mycelial appressorium were assessed. Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic analyses were performed using amplified sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA; actin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase partial genes; and APn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and mating type Mat1-2 partial gene from the nine selected isolates. In addition, fruits were inoculated with a conidial suspension and reproducible symptoms confirmed the presence of Colletotrichum fructicola in this area. This pathogenic species can now be added to those previously reported in the country, such as C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. gloeosporioides, and C. karstii. Disease management programs to reduce the incidence of anthracnose should include C. fructicola to determine its response to fungicides that are routinely applied, considering that the appearance of new species is affecting the commercial quality of the fruits and shifting the original population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionicio Fuentes-Aragón
- Posgrado en Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | | | - Mateo Vargas-Hernández
- Posgrado en Protección Vegetal Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas
- Posgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Producción de Semillas, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
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96
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Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, Bhat JD, Mortimer PE, Xu J, Promputtha I, Doilom M, Yang JB, Tang AMC, Karunarathna SC. Identification of endophytic fungi from leaves of Pandanaceae based on their morphotypes and DNA sequence data from southern Thailand. MycoKeys 2018; 33:25-67. [PMID: 30532625 PMCID: PMC6283267 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.33.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors established the taxonomic status of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of Pandanaceae collected from southern Thailand. Morphotypes were initially identified based on their characteristics in culture and species level identification was done based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data. Twenty-two isolates from healthy leaves were categorised into eight morphotypes. Appropriate universal primers were used to amplify specific gene regions and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify these endophytes and established relationships with extant fungi. The authors identified both ascomycete and basidiomycete species, including one new genus, seven new species and nine known species. Morphological descriptions, colour plates and phylogenies are given for each taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Jayarama D. Bhat
- Formerly, Department of Botany, Goa University, Taleigão, Goa, India
- No. 128/1-J, Azad Housing Society, Curca, Goa Velha, India
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Doilom
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Alvin M. C. Tang
- Division of Applied Science, College of International Education, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
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97
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Veloso JS, Câmara MPS, Lima WG, Michereff SJ, Doyle VP. Why species delimitation matters for fungal ecology: Colletotrichum diversity on wild and cultivated cashew in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:677-691. [PMID: 29880203 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the most important plant diseases globally, occurring on a wide range of cultivated and wild host species. This study aimed to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil, determine their phylogenetic relationships and geographical distribution, and provide some insight into the factors that may be influencing community composition. Colletotrichum isolates collected from symptomatic leaves, stems, inflorescences, and fruit of cultivated and wild cashew, across four Brazilian biomes, were identified as Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto, Colletotrichum queenslandicum, Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum tropicale. Colletotrichum siamense was the most dominant species. The greatest species richness was associated with cultivated cashew; leaves harbored more species than the other organs; the Atlantic Forest encompassed more species than the other biomes; and Pernambuco was the most species-rich location. However, accounting for the relative abundance of Colletotrichum species and differences in sample size across strata, the interpretation of which community is most diverse depends on how species are delimited. The present study provides valuable information about the Colletotrichum/cashew pathosystem, sheds light on the causal agents identification,and highlights the impact that species delimitation can have on ecological studies of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiene S Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcos P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Waléria G Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sami J Michereff
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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98
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Vieira WAS, Lima WG, Nascimento ES, Michereff SJ, Câmara MPS, Doyle VP. The impact of phenotypic and molecular data on the inference of Colletotrichum diversity associated with Musa. Mycologia 2018; 109:912-934. [PMID: 29494311 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1418577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing a comprehensive and reliable taxonomy for the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex will require adopting data standards on the basis of an understanding of how methodological choices impact morphological evaluations and phylogenetic inference. We explored the impact of methodological choices in a morphological and molecular evaluation of Colletotrichum species associated with banana in Brazil. The choice of alignment filtering algorithm has a significant impact on topological inference and the retention of phylogenetically informative sites. Similarly, the choice of phylogenetic marker affects the delimitation of species boundaries, particularly if low phylogenetic signal is confounded with strong discordance, and inference of the species tree from multiple-gene trees. According to both phylogenetic informativeness profiling and Bayesian concordance analyses, the most informative loci are DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer (IGS) between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), β-tubulin (TUB2), and a new marker, the intergenic spacer between GAPDH and an hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS). Cornmeal agar minimizes the variance in conidial dimensions compared with potato dextrose agar and synthetic nutrient-poor agar, such that species are more readily distinguishable based on phenotypic differences. We apply these insights to investigate the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with banana anthracnose in Brazil and report C. musae, C. tropicale, C. theobromicola, and C. siamense in association with banana anthracnose. One lineage did not cluster with any previously described species and is described here as C. chrysophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie A S Vieira
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Waléria G Lima
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Nascimento
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Sami J Michereff
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Marcos P S Câmara
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- b Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology , Louisiana State University AgCenter, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803
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99
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Mycobiomes of sympatric Amorphophallus albispathus (Araceae) and Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) – a case study reveals clear tissue preferences and differences in diversity and composition. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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100
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Guarnaccia V, Groenewald J, Polizzi G, Crous P. High species diversity in Colletotrichum associated with citrus diseases in Europe. PERSOONIA 2017; 39:32-50. [PMID: 29503469 PMCID: PMC5832956 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Species of Colletotrichum are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on citrus, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, such as anthracnose, postbloom fruit drop, tear stain and stem-end rot on fruit, or as wither-tip of twigs. In this study we explored the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with Citrus and allied genera in European orchards, nurseries and gardens. Surveys were carried out during 2015 and 2016 in Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain. A total of 174 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from symptomatic leaves, fruits, petals and twigs. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on seven genomic loci (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, HIS3 and TUB2), and the morphological characters of the isolates determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on orange fruits with representative isolates. Colletotrichum strains were identified as members of three major species complexes. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.str. and two novel species (C. helleniense and C. hystricis) were identified in the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Colletotrichum karstii, C. novae-zelandiae and two novel species (C. catinaense and C. limonicola) in the C. boninense species complex, and C. acutatum s.str. was also isolated as member of C. acutatum species complex. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. karstii were the predominant species of Colletotrichum isolated. This study represents the first report of C. acutatum on citrus in Europe, and the first detection of C. novae-zelandiae from outside New Zealand. Pathogenicity tests revealed C. gloeosporioides s.str. to be the most virulent species on fruits. The present study improves our understanding of species associated with several disease symptoms on citrus fruits and plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sezione Patologia Vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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