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Płaczkowska S, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Kokot I, Piwowar A. The association between serum uric acid and features of metabolic disturbances in young adults. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1277-1285. [PMID: 34522256 PMCID: PMC8425241 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase in the number of people affected by different metabolic disturbances, especially among young people, is alarming. It seems worthwhile to reappraise the usefulness of commonly used laboratory parameters potentially associated with metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome. Serum uric acid may be considered as an indicator and/or a predictor of metabolic disorders. We evaluated serum uric acid concentration in relation to metabolic syndrome, as well as metabolically obese normal weight features, and examined its usefulness in improving metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome diagnosis in young people. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 349 apparently healthy people, aged 18-31, features of metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome and serum uric acid concentration were examined under fasting conditions. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased in uric acid quartiles, while the percentage of metabolically obese normal weight syndrome was at a similar level in all uric acid quartiles. A relationship between uric acid concentration and features of metabolic disorders in quartile and correlation analysis was revealed. Data mining techniques did not indicate the usefulness of uric acid for distinguishing people with metabolic syndrome from those with metabolically obese normal weight syndrome. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that in young people an increase in uric acid levels is more closely related to metabolic syndrome features than insulin resistance. Serum uric acid concentration could not be recommended as an independent, strong marker of metabolic or metabolically obese normal weight syndrome occurrence in young people, but finding its elevated concentration should be an indicator for screening for other disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Płaczkowska
- Diagnostics Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Si K, Wei C, Xu L, Zhou Y, Lv W, Dong B, Wang Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y. Hyperuricemia and the Risk of Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:770815. [PMID: 34867815 PMCID: PMC8633872 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported and studied in the past two decades. Xanthine oxidase (XO) induced uric acid (UA) serves as a risk factor and has the independent prognostic and functional impact of heart failure (HF), but whether it plays a positive role in the pathogenesis of HF has remained unclear. Growing evidence suggest the up-regulated XO avtivity and increased production of free oxygen radical (ROS) correspondingly are the core pathogenesis of HF with hyperuricemia, which results in a whole cluster of pathophysiologic cardiovascular effects such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as well as insulin resistance (IR). The use of XO inhibition represents a promising therapeutic choice in patients with HF due to its dual effect of lowering serum UA levels as well as reducing ROS production. This review will discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hyperuricemia with HF, the targeted therapeutic interventions of UA lowering therapies (ULT) with XO inhibition and mechanism underlying beneficial effects of ULT. In addition, the review also summarizes current evidence on the role of ULT in HF and compares CV risk between allopurinol and febuxostat for practical and clinical purposes. Guidelines and implementation of CV risk management in daily practice will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Chen
- *Correspondence: Yangang Wang, ; Ying Chen,
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53
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Tumova S, Shi Y, Carr IM, Williamson G. Effects of quercetin and metabolites on uric acid biosynthesis and consequences for gene expression in the endothelium. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:191-201. [PMID: 33091574 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid, a metabolic product of purine degradation in humans, is a risk factor for developing gout and type 2 diabetes, and supplementation with quercetin lowers plasma uric acid in mildly hyperuricemic men. Here we examined the mechanism of inhibition of enzymes involved in uric acid metabolism by quercetin, conjugates and microbial catabolites, and measured the effect of lowered circulating uric acid on endothelial cell gene expression. METHODS Inhibition of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity by quercetin and metabolites was determined by HPLC. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under conditions mimicking blood flow, treated with uric acid (0, 300 or 500 μmol/L), and changes in gene expression measured using transcriptomics and quantitative droplet digital PCR. RESULTS In human plasma, no inhibition of PNP activity was observed, and only quercetin weakly inhibited ADA. XOR was not present at sufficient amount in human plasma to use for testing, but quercetin, quercetin-3'-sulfate and the gut microbial metabolite 3',4'-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid inhibited bovine milk XOR. Several changes were observed in gene expression in HUVECs under flow compared to static conditions, but after uric acid treatment, only very few changes were detected. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the main mechanism by which quercetin, as quercetin-3'-sulfate, lowers uric acid in vivo is through inhibition of XOR, and not ADA nor PNP. The pertinent shift in uric acid concentration was not sufficient to produce significant changes in endothelial gene expression in a cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Tumova
- University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yuanlu Shi
- University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian M Carr
- University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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54
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Nowroozpoor A, Gutterman D, Safdar B. Is microvascular dysfunction a systemic disorder with common biomarkers found in the heart, brain, and kidneys? - A scoping review. Microvasc Res 2020; 134:104123. [PMID: 33333140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although microvascular dysfunction (MVD) has been well characterized in individual organs as different disease entities, clinical evidence is mounting in support of an underlying systemic process. To address this hypothesis, we systematically searched PubMed and Medline for studies in adults published between 2014 and 2019 that measured blood biomarkers of MVD in three vital organs i.e. brain, heart, and the kidney. Of the 9706 unique articles 321 met the criteria, reporting 49 biomarkers of which 16 were common to the three organs. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation including reactive oxidation, immune activation, and coagulation were the commonly recognized pathways. Triglyceride, C-reactive protein, Cystatin C, homocysteine, uric acid, IL-6, NT-proBNP, thrombomodulin, von Willebrand Factor, and uric acid were increased in MVD of all three organs. In contrast, vitamin D was decreased. Adiponectin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, total cholesterol, high-density and low-density cholesterol were found to be variably increased or decreased in studies. We review the pathways underlying MVD in the three organs and summarize evidence supporting its systemic nature. This scoping review informs clinicians and researchers in the multi-system manifestation of MVD. Future work should focus on longitudinal investigations to evaluate the multi-system involvement of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Nowroozpoor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Gutterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Basmah Safdar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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55
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Tedeschi A, Agostoni P, Pezzuto B, Corra’ U, Scrutinio D, La Gioia R, Raimondo R, Passantino A, Piepoli MF. Role of comorbidities in heart failure prognosis Part 2: Chronic kidney disease, elevated serum uric acid. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:35-45. [PMID: 33238740 PMCID: PMC7691631 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320957793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in pharmacotherapy, morbidity and mortality rates in community-based populations with chronic heart failure still remain high. The increase in medical complexity among patients with heart failure may be reflected by an increase in concomitant non-cardiovascular comorbidities, which are recognized as independent prognostic factors in this population. Heart failure and chronic kidney disease share many risk factors, and often coexist. The presence of kidney failure is associated with incremented risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in heart failure patients. Chronic kidney disease is also linked with underutilization of evidence-based heart failure therapy that may reduce morbidity and mortality. More targeted therapies would be important to improve the prognosis of patients with these diseases. In recent years, serum uric acid as a determinant of cardiovascular risk has gained interest. Epidemiological, experimental and clinical data show that patients with hyperuricaemia are at increased risk of cardiac, renal and vascular damage and cardiovascular events. Moreover, elevated serum uric acid predicts worse outcome in both acute and chronic heart failure. While studies have raised the possibility of preventing heart failure through the use of uric acid lowering agents, the literature is still inconclusive on whether the reduction in uric acid will result in a measurable clinical benefit. Available evidences suggest that chronic kidney disease and elevated uric acid could worsen heart failure patients' prognosis. The aim of this review is to analyse a possible utilization of these comorbidities in risk stratification and as a therapeutic target to get a prognostic improvement in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tedeschi
- Cardiology Dept, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza
and University of Parma, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Clinical Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pezzuto
- Clinical Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Italy
| | - Ugo Corra’
- Centro Cardiologico di Veruno, Istituti Clinici Maugeri,
Italy
| | - Domenico Scrutinio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-SPA SB. I.R.C.C.S.
Institute of Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco La Gioia
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-SPA SB. I.R.C.C.S.
Institute of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Raimondo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-SPA SB. I.R.C.C.S.
Institute of Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Passantino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-SPA SB. I.R.C.C.S.
Institute of Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Cardiology Dept, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza
and University of Parma, Italy
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56
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Xie Y, Wang H, He Z. Recent advances in polyphenols improving vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endogenous toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:701-712. [PMID: 33251608 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Xie
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhiyou He
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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57
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Yu W, Cheng JD. Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582680. [PMID: 33304270 PMCID: PMC7701250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine nucleotide metabolism in the human body. Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of UA in the blood and may result in arthritis and gout. The prevalence of hyperuricemia has been increasing globally. Epidemiological studies have shown that UA levels are positively correlated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF). Hyperuricemia promotes the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases by regulating molecular signals, such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, insulin resistance/diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, has been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Whether febuxostat, another XO inhibitor, can improve cardiovascular outcomes as well as allopurinol remains controversial. Furthermore, it is also not clear whether UA-lowering treatment (ULT) can benefit patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. In this review, we focus on the latest cellular and molecular findings of cardiovascular disease associated with hyperuricemia and clinical data about the efficacy of ULT in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Dong Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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58
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Cowie MR, Fisher M. SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:761-772. [PMID: 32665641 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antidiabetic therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with improved glycaemic control as well as with reductions in body mass and blood pressure. In large cardiovascular outcome trials in patients with diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure, with this benefit extending to patients without diabetes who have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The possible mechanisms of benefit are being extensively investigated because they are unlikely to be related to improved glycaemic control. Early natriuresis with a reduction in plasma volume, a consequent rise in haematocrit, improved vascular function, a reduction in blood pressure and changes in tissue sodium handling are all likely to have a role. Additional mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors that might be beneficial include a reduction in adipose tissue-mediated inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a shift towards ketone bodies as the metabolic substrate for the heart and kidneys, reduced oxidative stress, lowered serum uric acid level, reduced glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria, and suppression of advanced glycation end-product signalling. Further outcome trials and mechanistic studies, including in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or non-diabetic kidney disease, might identify other possible mechanisms of benefit of SGLT2-inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Cowie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Miles Fisher
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Badmus OO, Sabinari IW, Olatunji LA. Dexamethasone increases renal free fatty acids and xanthine oxidase activity in female rats: could there be any gestational impact? Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:886-897. [PMID: 32597234 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1784190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is used for various conditions in female and even during pregnancy. We tested the hypothesis that DEX exposure in female rats would lead to renal free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation with elevated xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that would be aggravated by pregnancy. Twenty-four female rats (n = 6/group) were randomly assigned to non-pregnant (NPR), DEX-exposed non-pregnant (NPR + DEX), pregnant (PRE) and DEX-exposed pregnant (PRE + DEX), respectively. NPR and PRE rats received vehicle (po) while NPR + DEX and PRE + DEX groups received DEX (0.2 mg/kg; po), between gestational days 14 and 19. Data showed that DEX exposure caused increased plasma creatinine, urea, renal FFA accumulation, lipid peroxidation, aminotranferases, depressed glutathione, increased activity of XO, and elevated uric acid in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats. The findings of this study indicate that DEX exposure would cause renal FFA accumulation and glutathione depletion that are accompanied by increased activity of XO/uric acid independently of gestation. The study also implies that DEX-induced renal damage could be worsened by gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O Badmus
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah W Sabinari
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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60
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Research Advances in the Mechanisms of Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5817348. [PMID: 32685502 PMCID: PMC7336201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5817348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans, and its excessive accumulation leads to hyperuricemia and urate crystal deposition in tissues including joints and kidneys. Hyperuricemia is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although the symptoms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury have long been known, the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the research advances in the mechanisms of hyperuricemia-caused renal injury, primarily on oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the progress in hyperuricemia management.
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Yuan K, Zhang X, Chen J, Li S, Yang D, Xie Y, Xia Y, Wu M, Wang H, Xu G, Liu X. Uric acid level and risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in ischaemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1048-1055. [PMID: 32147879 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There are limited data on the association between uric acid (UA) and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) in patients who have undergone mechanical thrombectomy [endovascular treatment (EVT)]. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of serum UA level in SICH after EVT in a real-world practice. METHODS Patients were selected from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke (ACTUAL) registry. SICH was identified using the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between serum UA and SICH. RESULTS Among 611 enrolled patients, 90 (14.7%) were diagnosed with SICH within 72 h after EVT. Patients with SICH had a significantly higher level of serum UA (median, 341.0 vs. 302.0 μmol/L; P = 0.003) than those without SICH. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with UA levels in the fourth quartile, compared with the first quartile, were more likely to have SICH (odds ratio, 2.846; 95% confidence intervals, 1.429-6.003; P = 0.003). The association remained significant after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders. Furthermore, the multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed an inverted U-shaped association between UA and SICH (P = 0.047 for non-linearity). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that increased serum UA level was independently associated with SICH after EVT in acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, The 80th Group Army Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - G Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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62
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Cheng J, Huangfu N, Zhao R, Xu Z, Zhang F, Zheng W, Zhang D. Hyperuricemia and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:700-709. [PMID: 30961478 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190408122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purine metabolism in the circulatory system yields uric acid as its final oxidation product, which is believed to be linked to the development of gout and kidney stones. Hyperuricemia is closely correlated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease, as attested by the epidemiological and empirical research. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about hyperuricemia, with a special focus on its physiology, epidemiology, and correlation with cardiovascular disease. This review also discusses the possible positive effects of treatment to reduce urate levels in patients with cardiovascular disease and hyperuricemia, which may lead to an improved clinical treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Jinsong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Ning Huangfu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Ruochi Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Wenyuan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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63
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The causality between the serum uric acid level and stroke. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:354-356. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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64
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Xiang W, Wang L, Cheng S, Zhou Y, Ma L. Protective Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Vascular Oxidative Stress in Rats with Hyperuricemia. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:920-928. [PMID: 31845223 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the protective effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on vascular injury in rats with hyperuricemia (HUA). The ALA treatment groups (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg, respectively) were administered with ALA via gavage for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) were measured; the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were also determined. The thoracic aorta of rats in each experimental group was observed under a light microscope; ultrastructural analysis was performed. SOD and CAT protein contents were investigated by Western blotting. The results revealed that: i) Compared with the model group, the levels of UA were decreased in the ALA groups and the levels of BUN, CREA, TC, and LDL-C decreased in the 30 and 90 mg/kg ALA groups (P<0.05); ii) compared with the model group, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD and XOD were increased and the levels of MDA were reduced in the 90 mg/kg ALA group (P<0.05); and iii) in the model and 10 mg/kg ALA groups, edema and shedding were observed in endothelial cells. Compared with the model and 10 mg/kg ALA groups, the 30 and 90 mg/kg ALA groups exhibited fewer swollen endothelial cells. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that HUA resulted in vascular oxidative stress injury and decreased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, which leads to endothelial cell damage and vascular lesions. ALA may serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HUA-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Li Wang
- Community Health Service Management Center, Dong cheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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65
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Higa S, Shima D, Tomitani N, Fujimoto Y, Kario K. The effects of topiroxostat on vascular function in patients with hyperuricemia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1713-1720. [PMID: 31556223 PMCID: PMC8030428 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, such as allopurinol and febuxostat, inhibit the catalysis of serum uric acid (SUA) synthesis. In doing so, they are thought to improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk by reducing increases in SUA and reactive oxygen species levels. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effects of topiroxostat, a novel XOR inhibitor, on vascular function measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) on ultrasonography. In total, 23 patients with hyperuricemia were enrolled. After approximately 8 weeks, topiroxostat was associated with a significant increase in the peak percentage change in diameter (∆FMD) from 4.53% ± 2.09% to 5.54% ± 3.08% (P = .045). It also significantly reduced the SUA levels from 7.31 ± 1.43 to 5.44 ± 1.11 mg/dL (P < .001). Although further studies are needed to validate these results, it appears that topiroxostat improves vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kazuomi Kario
- Jichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
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66
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Hou R, Panda C, Voruganti VS. Heterogeneity in Metabolic Responses to Dietary Fructose. Front Genet 2019; 10:945. [PMID: 31737029 PMCID: PMC6834945 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructose has dramatically increased in past few decades in children and adults. Increasing evidence indicates that added sugars (particularly fructose) have adverse effects on metabolism and lead to numerous cardiometabolic diseases. Although both fructose and glucose are components of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, the sugars have different metabolic fates in the human body and the effects of fructose on health are thought to be more adverse than glucose. Studies have also shown that the metabolic effects of fructose differ between individuals based on their genetic background, as individuals with specific SNPs and risk alleles seem to be more susceptible to the adverse metabolic effects of fructose. The current review discusses the metabolic effects of fructose on key complex diseases and discusses the heterogeneity in metabolic responses to dietary fructose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Hou
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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67
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Relationships between Serum Uric Acid, Malondialdehyde Levels, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6859757. [PMID: 31687084 PMCID: PMC6803740 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6859757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This cross-sectional study is aimed at determining if parallel serum markers of oxidative stress are related to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We enrolled 134 participants with varied metabolic syndrome (Met-S) scores (zero, n = 21; one, n = 19; two, n = 27; three, n = 26; four, n = 25; five, n = 16). Biochemical profiles and potential oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid were measured in fasting plasma. We found that carotid IMT positively correlated with both MDA and uric acid levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that both MDA (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) levels were significantly associated with carotid IMT in participants whose Met-S scores were ≥1 or ≥2. However, only uric acid (p < 0.01) levels were positively associated with carotid IMT in patients with metabolic syndrome. Linear regression model analysis revealed that the prediction accuracies for carotid IMT from MDA combined with uric acid and from a combination of MDA, uric acid, and Met-S score were 0.176 and 0.237, respectively. These were better than the predication accuracies from MDA (r 2 = 0.075) and uric acid (r 2 = 0.148) individually. These results suggest that measuring uric acid levels along with MDA biomarkers and Met-S scores may be a promising step in the development of an effective model for monitoring the severity of carotid IMT and atherosclerosis in the patients with metabolic syndrome.
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68
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Luo W, Wang Y, Yang H, Dai C, Hong H, Li J, Liu Z, Guo Z, Chen X, He P, Li Z, Li F, Jiang J, Liu P, Li Z. Heme oxygenase-1 ameliorates oxidative stress-induced endothelial senescence via regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and coupling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1722-1744. [PMID: 30048241 PMCID: PMC6075439 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Premature senescence of vascular endothelial cells is a leading cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Therapies targeting endothelial senescence would have important clinical implications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a therapeutic target for endothelial senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Upregulation of HO-1 by Hemin or adenovirus infection reversed H2O2-induced senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); whereas depletion of HO-1 by siRNA or HO-1 inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) triggered HUVEC senescence. Mechanistically, overexpression of HO-1 enhanced the interaction between HO-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and promoted the interaction between eNOS and its upstream kinase Akt, thus resulting in an enhancement of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and a subsequent increase of nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, HO-1 induction prevented the decrease of eNOS dimer/monomer ratio stimulated by H2O2 via its antioxidant properties. Contrarily, HO-1 silencing impaired eNOS phosphorylation and accelerated eNOS uncoupling. In vivo, Hemin treatment alleviated senescence of endothelial cells of the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats, through upregulating eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 ameliorated endothelial senescence through enhancing eNOS activation and defending eNOS uncoupling, suggesting that HO-1 is a potential target for treating endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiling Hong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping He
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Barabutis N. Unfolded Protein Response supports endothelial barrier function. Biochimie 2019; 165:206-209. [PMID: 31404589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing efforts are oriented towards the development of novel therapeutic agents to repress lung hyperpermeability responses due to inflammation. The endothelial barrier dysfunction triggered by such events, may eventually lead to severe cardiovascular complications, such as the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Hsp90 inhibitors are anticancer compounds, associated with strong anti-inflammatory responses in the endothelium. Our latest observations in experimental models of Acute Lung Injury suggest that P53 orchestrates, at least in part, such activities. Remarkably, both Hsp90 inhibition and P53 induction are associated with the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response element. The purpose of the current manuscript, is to introduce the hypotheses that UPR induction protects the vasculature against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA.
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70
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Abstract
Sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which lower blood glucose by increasing renal glucose elimination, have been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) and renal events in type 2 diabetes. This has been ascribed, in part, to haemodynamic changes, body weight reduction and several possible effects on myocardial, endothelial and tubulo-glomerular functions, as well as to reduced glucotoxicity. This review evaluates evidence that an effect of SGLT2 inhibitors to lower uric acid may also contribute to reduced cardio-renal risk. Chronically elevated circulating uric acid concentrations are associated with increased risk of hypertension, CV disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The extent to which uric acid contributes to these conditions, either as a cause or an aggravating factor, remains unclear, but interventions that reduce urate production or increase urate excretion in hyperuricaemic patients have consistently improved cardio-renal prognoses. Uric acid concentrations are often elevated in type 2 diabetes, contributing to the "metabolic syndrome" of CV risk. Treating type 2 diabetes with an SGLT2 inhibitor increases uric acid excretion, reduces circulating uric acid and improves parameters of CV and renal function. This raises the possibility that the lowering of uric acid by SGLT2 inhibition may assist in reducing adverse CV events and slowing progression of CKD in type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibition might also be useful in the treatment of gout and gouty arthritis, especially when co-existent with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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71
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TiO 2 particles induce ER stress and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells, HepG2, in a particle size-dependent manner. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1907-1917. [PMID: 31807365 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles are well-known, but the particle size-dependent induction of ER stress and apoptosis by TiO2 in hepatocytes has not been elucidated clearly. In the present study, we investigated whether a fine TiO2 particle and two types of TiO2 nanoparticles induce ER stress and apoptosis differently in HepG2 cells. A particle size-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed after exposure to the TiO2 particles. The levels of ER stress-related proteins (BiP, CHOP, ATF6α, and p-PERK) were increased with decreasing particle size. TiO2 particles induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis in a particle size-dependent manner as seen by a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, and increases in the expression of Bax, caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3. These results indicated that the cytotoxicity produced by TiO2 particles was related to particle size, with smaller TiO2 nanoparticles producing greater toxic effects involving ER stress and apoptosis in the HepG2 cells.
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72
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Akter QS, Rajabi-Toustani R, Shimizu K, Kuwahara Y, Murase T. Polymyxin B enhances acrosomal exocytosis triggered by calcium and the calcium ionophore A23187 in ejaculated boar spermatozoa. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:705-711. [PMID: 30972868 PMCID: PMC6826241 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB) is beneficial for boar semen storage since it neutralizes the endotoxin of bacteria. However, the direct effect of PMB on boar spermatozoa has been unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of PMB on acrosomal exocytosis, an essential process for successful fertilization in boar spermatozoa. Ejaculated spermatozoa stored with BTS extender at 17°C were washed and incubated with 0-100 μM PMB for 20 min and then examined for % total motililty, vigor grade and viability. None of the parameters was significantly different between 0 and 50 μM PMB with a gradual decline at higher concentrations. Thus the effect on acrosomal exocytosis was investigated at 0-50 μM of PMB. Spermatozoa were preincubated with PMB for 10 min, incubated for stimulation of acrosomal exocytosis with Ca2+ and the calcium ionophore A23187 and then fixed with glutaraldehyde at 5, 10 and 15 min. Preincubation with PMB at 0.01-50 μM and 0.05-50 μM resulted in significant enhancement of acrosomal exocytosis at 10 min and 15 min of incubation, respectively. Preincubation with PMB followed by incubation without A23187 did not affect acrosomal exocytosis. These results suggest that PMB exerts effects on the acrosomal exocytosis triggered by Ca2+ and A23187 in boar spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quzi S Akter
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuma Murase
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Kondo M, Imanishi M, Fukushima K, Ikuto R, Murai Y, Horinouchi Y, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Goda M, Zamami Y, Takechi K, Chuma M, Ikeda Y, Fujino H, Tsuchiya K, Ishizawa K. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition by Febuxostat in Macrophages Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Fibrosis. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:249-256. [PMID: 30351343 PMCID: PMC7110082 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports from basic researches and clinical studies have suggested that xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors have suppressive effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of a XO inhibitor, febuxostat (FEB), in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling and hypertension independent of the serum uric acid level remain unclear. METHODS To induce vascular remodeling in mice, angiotensin II (Ang II) was infused for 2 weeks with a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump. FEB was administered every day during Ang II infusion. Aortic fibrosis was assessed by elastica van Gieson staining. Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells (RAW) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS FEB suppressed Ang II-induced blood pressure elevation and aortic fibrosis. Immunostaining showed that Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration in the aorta tended to be suppressed by FEB, and XO was mainly colocalized in macrophages, not in fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression was induced in the aorta in the Ang II alone group, but not in the Ang II + FEB group. Ang II induced α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts in the aortic wall, but FEB suppressed them. XO expression and activity were induced by Ang II stimulation alone but not by Ang II + FEB in RAW. FEB suppressed Ang II-induced TGF-β1 mRNA expression in RAW. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that FEB ameliorates Ang II-induced aortic fibrosis via suppressing macrophage-derived TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Kondo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keijo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Raiki Ikuto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takechi
- Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chuma
- Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Luo Q, Xia X, Li B, Lin Z, Yu X, Huang F. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:18. [PMID: 30642279 PMCID: PMC6330757 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting results have been reported from studies evaluating serum uric acid (SUA) levels as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and bibliographies of retrieved articles to identify studies reporting on the association between SUA levels and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We included 11 studies with an overall sample of 27,081 patients with CKD in this meta-analysis. By meta-analysis, restricted to 7 studies (n = 11,050), patients with the highest SUA were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.96) compared with patients with the lowest SUA. There was no indication of publication bias or significant heterogeneity (I2 = 40.4%; P = 0.109). Meta-analysis of 10 studies (n = 26,660) indicated that every 1 mg/dl increase in SUA levels increased a 12% risk in cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.24), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 79.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Higher SUA levels are associated with significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. More designed studies, especially randomized controlled trials, should be conducted to determine whether high SUA levels is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1143-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchuan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S, Pandit K, Chatterjee P, Majhi B, Chowdhury S. Uric Acid and Its Correlation with Various Metabolic Parameters: A Population-Based Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:134-139. [PMID: 31016168 PMCID: PMC6446663 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_18_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uric acid, apparently an inert waste product, was found to have association with various metabolic disorders. The data regarding prevalence of serum uric acid (SUA) abnormalities and its correlation with other anthropo-metabolic parameters, however, are scanty. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 405 participants from a rural area were investigated for various metabolic parameters including uric acid. SUA level was evaluated for having any correlation with other anthropometric and metabolic disorders like obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension, calcium and vitamin D abnormalities, liver function, and glycemic alterations. Lean MetS is defined as those having waist criteria below the region specific waist criteria and even then satisfying the definition of MetS as per the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP-III (Adult Treatment Panel) criteria. RESULTS The mean uric acid was 4.2 mg/dL (±1.35), with 4.9 mg/dL (±1.28) for males and 3.7 mg/dL (±1.14) for females. Thirteen of 405 people (3.2%) found to have uric acid level of more than 7.0 mg/dL, and eight people out of 405 (2.0%) had hypouricemia. SUA showed correlation with age, blood pressure, and the anthropometric parameters for obesity, for example, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, fasting glucose, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, and iPTH did not show any correlation with the SUA level. Compared to the healthy population, SUA level was elevated in MetS as defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. However, the SUA in healthy population was not significantly different from the Lean MetS, and SUA of Lean MetS was not significantly different from Obese MetS. CONCLUSION SUA is elevated in MetS compared to the normal population. However, SUA in Lean MetS is not different from Obese MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Pandit
- Department of Endocrinology, Belle Vue Clinic, 9 Dr. U.N. Brahmachari Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purushottam Chatterjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Gleaneagles Hospital, 58 Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikash Majhi
- Department of Lifelong Learning and Extension, PSV, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
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Dymkowska D, Drabarek B, Michalik A, Nowak N, Zabłocki K. TNFα stimulates NO release in EA.hy926 cells by activating the CaMKKβ-AMPK-eNOS pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 106:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mandurino-Mirizzi A, Crimi G, Raineri C, Pica S, Ruffinazzi M, Gianni U, Repetto A, Ferlini M, Marinoni B, Leonardi S, De Servi S, Oltrona Visconti L, De Ferrari GM, Ferrario M. Elevated serum uric acid affects myocardial reperfusion and infarct size in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 19:240-246. [PMID: 29470249 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Elevated serum uric acid (eSUA) was associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the effect of eSUA on myocardial reperfusion injury and infarct size has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to correlate eSUA with infarct size, infarct size shrinkage, myocardial reperfusion grade and long-term mortality in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS We performed a post-hoc patients-level analysis of two randomized controlled trials, testing strategies for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury protection. Each patient underwent acute (3-5 days) and follow-up (4-6 months) cardiac magnetic resonance. Infarct size and infarct size shrinkage were outcomes of interest. We assessed T2-weighted edema, myocardial blush grade (MBG), corrected Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction Frame Count, ST-segment resolution and long-term all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 101 (86.1% anterior) STEMI patients were included; eSUA was found in 16 (15.8%) patients. Infarct size was larger in eSUA compared with non-eSUA patients (42.3 ± 22 vs. 29.1 ± 15 ml, P = 0.008). After adjusting for covariates, infarct size was 10.3 ml (95% confidence interval 1.2-19.3 ml, P = 0.001) larger in eSUA. Among patients with anterior myocardial infarction the difference in delayed enhancement between groups was maintained (respectively, 42.3 ± 22.4 vs. 29.9 ± 15.4 ml, P = 0.015). Infarct size shrinkage was similar between the groups. Compared with non-eSUA, eSUA patients had larger T2-weighted edema (53.8 vs. 41.2 ml, P = 0.031) and less favorable MBG (MBG < 2: 44.4 vs. 13.6%, P = 0.045). Corrected Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction Frame Count and ST-segment resolution did not significantly differ between the groups. At a median follow-up of 7.3 years, all-cause mortality was higher in the eSUA group (18.8 vs. 2.4%, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION eSUA may affect myocardial reperfusion in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and is associated with larger infarct size and higher long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mandurino-Mirizzi
- Division of Cardiology.,School of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | | | | | - Silvia Pica
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan
| | - Marta Ruffinazzi
- School of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Division of Cardiology.,School of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Leonardi
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | | | | | - Gaetano M De Ferrari
- School of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
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78
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Wang H, Zhang H, Sun L, Guo W. Roles of hyperuricemia in metabolic syndrome and cardiac-kidney-vascular system diseases. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2749-2763. [PMID: 30323864 PMCID: PMC6176241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia is defined as a condition where the level of uric acid exceeds the normal range. The most well-known disease induced by hyperuricemia is gout. However, many studies have reported that hyperuricemia also plays important roles in cardiac-kidney-vascular system diseases and metabolic syndrome. Although hyperuricemia has been known for a long time, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this review, we highlight studies on advanced pathological mechanisms for injuries induced by hyperuricemia, summarize epidemiological studies on hyperuricemia and its associated diseases, and take a brief look at hyperuricemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsha Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Interventional, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
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79
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Gaubert M, Marlinge M, Alessandrini M, Laine M, Bonello L, Fromonot J, Cautela J, Thuny F, Barraud J, Mottola G, Rossi P, Fenouillet E, Ruf J, Guieu R, Paganelli F. Uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and severity of coronary atherosclerosis during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2018. [PMID: 29626320 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-96q4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of serum uric acid in coronary artery disease has been extensively investigated. It was suggested that serum uric acid level (SUA) is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction and related to coronary artery lesions. However, the relationship between SUA and severity of coronary atherosclerosis evaluated via endothelial dysfunction using peripheral arterial tone (PAT) and the reactive hyperhemia index (RHI) has not been investigated during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of our study was to address this point. We prospectively enrolled 80 patients with a first episode of ACS in a single-center observational study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, evaluation of endothelial function via the RHI, and SUA measurement. The severity of the coronary artery lesion was assessed angiographically, and patients were classified in three groups based on the extent of disease and Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Endothelial function was considered abnormal if RHI < 1.67. We identified a linear correlation between SUA and RHI (R2 = 0.66 P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, SUA remained associated with RHI, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and renal function. SUA was associated with severity of coronary artery disease. SUA is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This inexpensive, readily measured biological parameter may be useful to monitor ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Alessandrini
- EA 3279 Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Laine
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Fromonot
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Thuny
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Giovanna Mottola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
- Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, F-13015, Marseille, France.
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80
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Gu LL, Shen ZL, Li YL, Bao YQ, Lu H. Oxymatrine Causes Hepatotoxicity by Promoting the Phosphorylation of JNK and Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated by ROS in LO2 Cells. Mol Cells 2018; 41:401-412. [PMID: 29754474 PMCID: PMC5974617 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) often used in treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in clinic. However, OMT-induced liver injury has been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible mechanism of OMT-induced hepatotoxicity in human normal liver cells (L02). Exposed cells to OMT, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis rate increased, the intracellular markers of oxidative stress were changed. Simultaneously, OMT altered apoptotic related proteins levels, including Bcl-2, Bax and pro-caspase-8/-9/-3. In addition, OMT enhanced the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress makers (GRP78/Bip, CHOP, and cleaved-Caspase-4) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), as well as the mRNA levels of GRP78/Bip, CHOP, caspase-4, and ER stress sensors (IREI, ATF6, and PERK). Pre-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, partly improved the survival rates and restored OMT-induced cellular damage, and reduced caspase-3 cleavage. SP600125 or NAC reduced OMT-induced p-JNK and NAC significantly lowered caspase-4. Furthermore, 4-PBA, the ER stress inhibitor, weakened inhibitory effect of OMT on cells, on the contrary, TM worsen. 4-PBA also reduced the levels of p-JNK and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, OMT-induced injury in L02 cells was related to ROS mediated p-JNK and ER stress induction. Antioxidant, by inhibition of p-JNK or ER stress, may be a feasible method to alleviate OMT-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Zhe-lun Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Yang-Lei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Yi-Qi Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
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81
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Gaubert M, Marlinge M, Alessandrini M, Laine M, Bonello L, Fromonot J, Cautela J, Thuny F, Barraud J, Mottola G, Rossi P, Fenouillet E, Ruf J, Guieu R, Paganelli F. Uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and severity of coronary atherosclerosis during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:191-199. [PMID: 29626320 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of serum uric acid in coronary artery disease has been extensively investigated. It was suggested that serum uric acid level (SUA) is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction and related to coronary artery lesions. However, the relationship between SUA and severity of coronary atherosclerosis evaluated via endothelial dysfunction using peripheral arterial tone (PAT) and the reactive hyperhemia index (RHI) has not been investigated during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of our study was to address this point. We prospectively enrolled 80 patients with a first episode of ACS in a single-center observational study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, evaluation of endothelial function via the RHI, and SUA measurement. The severity of the coronary artery lesion was assessed angiographically, and patients were classified in three groups based on the extent of disease and Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Endothelial function was considered abnormal if RHI < 1.67. We identified a linear correlation between SUA and RHI (R2 = 0.66 P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, SUA remained associated with RHI, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and renal function. SUA was associated with severity of coronary artery disease. SUA is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This inexpensive, readily measured biological parameter may be useful to monitor ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Alessandrini
- EA 3279 Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Laine
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Fromonot
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Thuny
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Giovanna Mottola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France. .,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, F-13015, Marseille, France.
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82
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Pirro M, Bianconi V, Schiaroli E, Francisci D, Mannarino MR, Bagaglia F, Sahebkar A, Merriman T, Baldelli F. Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction in HIV patients receiving highly-active antiretroviral therapy. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:101-107. [PMID: 29597116 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Increased rates of metabolic syndrome (MS) and elevated SUA levels were described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. We investigated whether SUA levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction in HIV positive patients receiving highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) irrespective of MS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 250 HIV positive patients receiving stable HAART, we evaluated the relationship between MS, SUA levels and endothelial function. SUA levels and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (bFMD) were measured. The relationship between logarithmic (LG)-transformed SUA levels and bFMD was evaluated after correction for MS. RESULTS MS was detected in 28.4% of patients and elevated SUA levels (≥6 mg/dL) in 25.2%. MS was associated with higher LG-SUA levels (age-, gender- and glomerular filtration rate-adjusted beta = 0.204, p = 0.001). The crude linear association between LG-SUA levels and LG-bFMD (beta = -0.166, p = 0.008) was abolished after correction for MS (beta = -0.089, p = 0.172). When SUA levels were used as a categorical variable (≥6 mg/dL or <6 mg/dL and SUA quartiles, respectively), the association between LG-SUA levels and LG-bFMD remained significant after adjustment for MS (beta = -0.142, p = 0.022 and beta = -0.163, p = 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MS significantly affects SUA levels in HAART-treated HIV infected patients. The negative association between SUA and bFMD is independent of MS only for elevated SUA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiaroli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Massimo R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Tony Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Franco Baldelli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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83
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Clinical implications of current cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:33-40. [PMID: 29547706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The final goal in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is reduction in cardiovascular (CV) complications and total mortality. Various factors including hyperglycemia contribute to these complications and mortality directly and indirectly. In recent years, large-scale CV outcome trials with new antidiabetic medications, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, have been completed. Most clinical trials with DPP4 inhibitors have shown no inferiority compared with placebo treatments in terms of CV safety. However, they did not show benefits in terms of adverse CV events or mortality. CV outcome trials with GLP1 receptor agonists showed inconsistent results: lixisenatide did not show benefits in preventing major adverse CV events. In contrast, liraglutide and semaglutide (longer acting GLP1 receptor agonists) proved to be superior in terms of alleviating CV morbidity and mortality. Two large-scale CV outcome trials with SGLT2 inhibitors showed significant results: empagliflozin proved to be superior in preventing CV and all-cause mortality, and canagliflozin proved to be superior in preventing CV mortality but not all-cause mortality. So far, controlling cardiometabolic risk factors such as hemodynamic changes and weight loss by SGLT2 inhibitors are suggested to be the main mechanisms for these results. However, the risk-benefit profile for these new drugs will need further elucidation, and more studies are warranted to reveal the possible mechanisms. It will also be important to confirm these results from other ongoing trials with SGLT2 inhibitors.
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84
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Potje SR, Chen Z, Oliveira SDS, Bendhack LM, da Silva RS, Bonini MG, Antoniali C, Minshall RD. Nitric oxide donor [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO] 3+ induces uncoupling and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoting oxidant production. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:587-596. [PMID: 28899725 PMCID: PMC5647835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO]3+ (TERPY) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor that promotes relaxation of the mesenteric artery and aorta in rats. We sought to investigate whether it acts as both an NO donor and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activator, as shown previously for nitroglycerin. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with empty vector (HEK) or eNOS cDNA (HEK-eNOS) were treated with TERPY (1µM) for different lengths of time. eNOS expression, dimerization, and Ser1177 phosphorylation, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) oligomerization, Cav-1 Tyr14 phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blotting. Studies also assessed the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in HUVECs and HEK-eNOS cells. In HEK cells devoid of eNOS, TERPY released NO without additional stimulus indicating that is an NO donor. Moreover, in HEK-eNOS cells, TERPY-induced NO production that was blocked by L-NAME. In addition, TERPY increased ROS and ONOO- production which were blocked by more than 80% by BH4 (essential eNOS co-factor) and eNOS siRNA. These results suggest that TERPY-induced ROS and ONOO- production were originated from eNOS. HUVECs stimulated with TERPY showed increased eNOS Ser1177 and Cav-1 Tyr14 phosphorylation, and decreased eNOS dimerization, Cav-1 oligomerization, and Cav-1/eNOS interaction after 20min. It suggests that TERPY induces eNOS hyperactivation and uncoupling by disrupting Cav-1/eNOS interaction and depleting BH4. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to NO donor TERPY is associated with eNOS activation and uncoupling, and thereby appears to be mediated, at least in part, via eNOS-dependent ROS/RNS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone R Potje
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil.
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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85
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Breuer GS, Schwartz Y, Freier-Dror Y, Nesher G. Uric acid level as predictor of mortality in the acute care setting of advanced age population. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 44:74-76. [PMID: 28739350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Breuer
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Rheumatology Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yuval Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare-Zedek Medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gideon Nesher
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Rheumatology Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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86
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Zhen H, Gui F. The role of hyperuricemia on vascular endothelium dysfunction. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:325-330. [PMID: 28928970 PMCID: PMC5590038 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia appears to be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and associated mortality. Population epidemiological data support a causal link between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease. Endothelium injury could be one of the potential mechanisms in hyperuricemia-induced cardiovascular disease. However, the specific role of uric acid (UA) in the impairment of vascular relaxation and its signal transduction pathway has not been examined. The authors investigated the role of UA on vascular relaxation, nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Brachial flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilation were measured by B-mode ultrasound with 10 megahertz linear-array transducer from 21 patients with hyperuricemia and 16 control subjects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with UA (5-15 mg/dl) with or without nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor II. Hyperuricemia inhibited brachial flow-mediated dilation. While UA significantly inhibited NO expression with time course- and dose- dependent manner in the cultured ECs, 10 mg/dl UA also increased expression of inflammation cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in vitro. These abnormalities were associated with UA-induced activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibitor II prevented UA-induced reduction of NO and increased inflammation cytokines. These data suggested hyperuricemia-induced endothelium injury and vascular dysfunction by a reduction of NO and expression of inflammatory cytokines through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Fen Gui
- Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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87
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Sharaf El Din UA, Salem MM, Abdulazim DO. Uric acid in the pathogenesis of metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:537-548. [PMID: 28748119 PMCID: PMC5512153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between uric acid (UA) on one side and systemic hypertension (Htn), dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, overweight, fatty liver, renal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the other side is well recognized. However, the causal relationship between UA and these different clinical problems is still debatable. The recent years have witnessed hundreds of experimental and clinical trials that favored the opinion that UA is a probable player in the pathogenesis of these disease entities. These studies disclosed the strong association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, Htn, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertriglyceridemia, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and increased mortality among cardiac and CKD patients. The association between UA and nephrolithiasis or preeclampsia is a non-debatable association. Recent experimental trials have disclosed different changes in enzyme activities induced by UA. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase, adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), adenosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (AMPD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase are affected by UA. These changes in enzymatic activities can lead to the observed biochemical and pathological changes associated with UA. The recent experimental, clinical, interventional, and epidemiologic trials favor the concept of a causative role of UA in the pathogenesis of MS, renal, and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama A.A. Sharaf El Din
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Fax: +20 222753890.
| | - Mona M. Salem
- Endocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina O. Abdulazim
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Intrauterine growth restriction-induced deleterious adaptations in endothelial progenitor cells: possible mechanism to impair endothelial function. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:665-673. [PMID: 28689502 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can induce deleterious changes in the modulatory ability of the vascular endothelium, contributing to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in the long term. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has suggested the potential role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular health and repair. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of IUGR on vascular reactivity and EPCs derived from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) in vitro. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an ad libitum diet (control group) or 50% of the ad libitum diet (restricted group) throughout gestation. We determined vascular reactivity, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression by evaluating the thoracic aorta of adult male offspring from both groups (aged: 19-20 weeks). Moreover, the amount, functional capacity, and senescence of EPCs were assessed in vitro. Our results indicated that IUGR reduced vasodilation via acetylcholine in aorta rings, decreased NO levels, and increased eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495. The amount of EPCs was similar between both groups; however, IUGR decreased the functional capacity of EPCs from the PB and BM. Furthermore, the senescence process was accelerated in BM-derived EPCs from IUGR rats. In summary, our findings demonstrated the deleterious changes in EPCs from IUGR rats, such as reduced EPC function and accelerated senescence in vitro. These findings may contribute towards elucidating the possible mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction induced by fetal programming.
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89
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Zhong C, Zhong X, Xu T, Xu T, Zhang Y. Sex-Specific Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Risk of Stroke: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005042. [PMID: 28356280 PMCID: PMC5533011 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Conflicting findings of the association between serum uric acid (UA) and stroke have been reported in both men and women, and it is unclear whether this association was different between men and women. We preformed this meta‐analysis to assess the sex‐specific effect of serum UA on the risk of stroke and its subtypes. Methods and Results Prospective studies that reported sex‐specific association of UA levels with stroke or reported in a certain sex were included. Dose‐response relationships were assessed by the generalized least squares trend estimation, and summary effect estimates were evaluated with random‐effect models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the potential sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of the pooled estimation. Altogether, 13 prospective studies were identified in this study. The summary of relative risks (95% CIs) of stroke for a 1‐mg/dL increase in serum UA levels were 1.10 (1.05–1.14) for men and 1.11 (1.09–1.13) for women. There is no significant difference in the effect of UA on future stroke risk between men and women (Pinteraction=0.736). Subgroup analyses showed that the significant associations persisted in most stratifications, and sensitivity analyses according to various inclusion criteria yielded similar results. A nonlinear relationship was observed in men (Pnon‐linearity<0.001), with risk increasing significantly from a UA of 6 mg/dL and more steeply at higher UA levels. Conclusions Elevated serum UA levels were significantly associated with modestly increased risk of stroke in both men and women and have similar adverse effects on development of stroke in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Nanomedicine & Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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90
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El Ridi R, Tallima H. Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:487-493. [PMID: 28748115 PMCID: PMC5512149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are degraded into uric acid. Mentioning uric acid generates dread because it is the established etiological agent of the severe, acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis, gout and is implicated in the initiation and progress of the metabolic syndrome. Yet, uric acid is the predominant anti-oxidant molecule in plasma and is necessary and sufficient for induction of type 2 immune responses. These properties may explain its protective potential in neurological and infectious diseases, mainly schistosomiasis. The pivotal protective potential of uric acid against blood-borne pathogens and neurological and autoimmune diseases is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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91
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Jian L, Lu Y, Lu S, Lu C. Chemical Chaperone 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Reduces Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5218-5227. [PMID: 28036323 PMCID: PMC5221419 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in many countries and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the cause of many serious heart diseases. Recent reports suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the progress of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In a previous study, we illustrated that 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) reduces I/R-induced cell death in vitro through inhibiting the ER stress-initiated cell apoptosis. In the present study we investigated whether 4-PBA improves heart function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved in 4-PBA-induced cardioprotective effects. Material/Methods The isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion in the absence or presence of 4-PBA. Hemodynamic parameters (LVSP, LVEDP, ±dP/dtmax, and HR) were monitored and histopathological examination was applied. The biomarkers related to oxidative stress were detected by LDH, ROS, MDA, CK, SOD, and GSH-Px kits. A TUNEL apoptosis assay kit was used to detect apoptosis. The expression levels of ER stress and apoptosis proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Results We found that 4-PBA (5 mM, 10 mM) pretreatment significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Moreover, I/R activated the ER stress proteins Grp78 and PERK, which are all decreased by 4-PBA. 4-PBA pretreatment also inhibited the expression of CHOP, Caspase-12, and Bax, reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, and enhanced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusions We elucidated the significant protective effects of 4-PBA against I/R injuries by inhibition of ER stress, oxidative stress, and their associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
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Lai X, Yang L, Légaré S, Angileri F, Chen X, Fang Q, Yang H, Zhang C, Li X, Min X, Xu C, Yuan J, He MA, Wu T, Zhang X. Dose-response relationship between serum uric acid levels and risk of incident coronary heart disease in the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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93
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Salvianolic acid B improves vascular endothelial function in diabetic rats with blood glucose fluctuations via suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Chen C, Lü JM, Yao Q. Hyperuricemia-Related Diseases and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors: An Overview. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2501-12. [PMID: 27423335 PMCID: PMC4961276 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uric acid usually forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates in serum. Clinically, overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid results in the elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA), termed hyperuricemia, which has long been established as the major etiologic factor in gout. Accordingly, urate-lowering drugs such as allopurinol, an XOR-inhibitor, are extensively used for the treatment of gout. In recent years, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has significantly increased and more clinical investigations have confirmed that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and many other diseases. Urate-lowering therapy may also play a critical role in the management of these diseases. However, current XOR-inhibitor drugs such as allopurinol and febuxostat may have significant adverse effects. Therefore, there has been great effort to develop new XOR-inhibitor drugs with less or no toxicity for the long-term treatment or prevention of these hyperuricemia-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of uric acid homeostasis and alterations, updated prevalence, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular pathophysiology of hyperuricemia-related diseases. We also summarize current discoveries in the development of new XOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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