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Discretionary intake among Australian adults: prevalence of intake, top food groups, time of consumption and its association with sociodemographic, lifestyle and adiposity measures. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1576-1589. [PMID: 30681049 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To profile discretionary food and beverage (DF) consumption among Australian adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary and sociodemographic data were used to profile DF intake. Prevalence of DF consumption, DF servings (1 serving=600 kJ), nutrient contribution from DF and top DF food groups by self-reported eating occasions were determined. DF consumers (>0 g) were classified according to quartile of DF intake and general linear models adjusted for age and sex were used to determine associations. SETTING 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS).ParticipantsAdults aged ≥19 years (n 9341) who participated in the NNPAS 2011-12. RESULTS Most adults consumed DF (98 %) and over 60 % exceeded 3 DF servings/d, with a mean of 5·0 (se 0·0) DF servings/d. Cakes, muffins, scones, cake-type desserts contributed the most DF energy (8·4 %) of all food groups, followed by wines (8·1 %), pastries (8·0 %) and beers (6·1 %), with all these food groups consumed in large portions (2·3-3·0 DF servings). Lunch and dinner together contributed 45 % of total DF energy intake. High DF consumers had an average of 10 DF servings, and this group contained more younger adults, males, low socio-economic status, lower usual fruit intake and higher mean waist circumference, but not higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS A focus on DF consumed in large portions at lunch and dinner may help improve interventions aimed at reducing DF intake and addressing negative adiposity-related measures found in high DF consumers.
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FONTES AS, PALLOTTINI AC, VIEIRA DADS, BATISTA LD, FONTANELLI MDM, FISBERG RM. Increased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with poorer dietary quality: A cross-sectional population-based study. REV NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865201932e180121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and dietary quality in adolescents, adults, and older adults living in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Data were drawn from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 2008 in a representative urban city sample involving 1494 consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages. Dietary intake was evaluated through two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls, and the usual sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was estimated using the Multiple Source Method. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised. The association between total score of the revised index and components with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption tertiles was assessed using multiple linear regression models for each age group, considering the sample design. Results Regardless of age group, the increase of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was associated with a decrease in the total Healthy Eating Index – Revised score and in the components “total fruit”; “whole fruit”; “meat, eggs and legumes”, and the “solid fat, alcohol and added sugar”. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that higher sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was associated with poorer dietary quality. Planning public health policies aimed at decreasing sugar-sweetened beverages consumption is essential to increase dietary quality and reduce the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
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Tan SY, Siow PC, Peh E, Henry CJ. Influence of rice, pea and oat proteins in attenuating glycemic response of sugar-sweetened beverages. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2795-2803. [PMID: 28965176 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liquids have higher ingestion and gastric-emptying rates, resulting in rapid glycemic response. They are also less satiating than solid foods. This study examined if the addition of plant proteins alter postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glycogen-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and appetitive responses to a sugar-sweetened beverage. METHODS This was a randomized, crossover acute feeding study consisting of four treatments: chocolate beverage alone (50 g carbohydrate), or added with 24 g oat, pea or rice proteins. Twenty Chinese males (mean ± SD age 26 ± 5 years; body mass index 21.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2) ingested the test drink after an overnight fast. Venous blood samples and subjective appetite ratings were collected before test beverage and at fixed intervals for 180 min. Blood biochemical data and appetite ratings were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Significant interaction effects were found in postprandial glucose excursions (time × protein effects, p = 0.003). Glucose iAUC was lower in pea and rice proteins, although not significantly (p > 0.385). Insulin iAUC was significantly higher in the oat (p = 0.035) and pea (p = 0.036) protein beverages. GIP and GLP-1 release in a sub-sample (n = 10) followed a comparable order as insulin release (p = 0.397 and 0.454, respectively). Significant interaction effects were found in fullness ratings (p = 0.024), and a trend of greater suppression of hunger and desire-to-eat was also documented (p = 0.088 and 0.080, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plant proteins altered the glycemic and appetitive responses of Asian males to a sugar-sweetened beverage. Food-based interventions are useful in promoting glycemic control. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02933424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Yen Tan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phei Ching Siow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Peh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Gwin JA, Leidy HJ. A Review of the Evidence Surrounding the Effects of Breakfast Consumption on Mechanisms of Weight Management. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:717-725. [PMID: 30204837 PMCID: PMC6247188 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recommendation to eat breakfast has received scrutiny due to insufficient causal evidence for improvements in weight management. Despite the limited number of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of breakfast consumption compared with skipping breakfast on weight loss, an increasing number of studies target the hormonal and behavioral mechanisms underlying weight management. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the intervention-based clinical trials that test whether breakfast consumption improves appetite control and satiety as well as energy expenditure compared with skipping breakfast. Several factors were considered when interpreting the body of evidence. These include, but were not limited to, the following: the composition of breakfast, with a specific focus on dietary protein; meal size and form; and habitual breakfast behaviors. The evidence within this review shows positive to neutral support for the inclusion of breakfast for improvements in appetite control, satiety, and postprandial energy expenditure. The protein content, energy content, and form of the meal (i.e., beverages compared with foods) are key modulating factors for ingestive behavior and energy expenditure mechanisms. Specifically, breakfast meals containing a larger amount of protein (≥30 g protein/meal) and energy (≥350 kcal/meal) and provided as solid foods increased the magnitude of the appetite and satiety response compared with breakfast skipping. Longer-term randomized controlled trials including the measurement of ingestive behavior and weight management are needed to identify the role of breakfast for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess A Gwin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Cheon B, Lim E, McCrickerd K, Zaihan D, Forde C. Subjective socioeconomic status modulates perceptual discrimination between beverages with different energy densities. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Fernandes RC, Araújo VA, Giglio BM, Marini ACB, Mota JF, Teixeira KISS, Monteiro PA, Lira FS, Pimentel GD. Acute Epigallocatechin 3 Gallate (EGCG) Supplementation Delays Gastric Emptying in Healthy Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1122. [PMID: 30127247 PMCID: PMC6115961 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigallocatechin 3 Gallate (EGCG) appears to act in appetite control through hormonal modulation. However, there is a lack of elucidation of EGCG's action mechanisms, especially in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute EGCG supplementation on gastric emptying and its relation to blood hormones, glucose and appetite perceptions in healthy women. Methods: 22 healthy adult women were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. On two separate occasions, 1 week apart from each other, we offered 800 mg of corn starch (placebo) or 752 mg of EGCG. Appetite was assessed through gastric emptying; perceptions of hunger, desire to eat and satiation; and plasma insulin, adiponectin, leptin and glucose concentrations. The evaluations were carried out in fasting, 30, 90 and 150 min after supplementation. Results: EGCG supplementation induced higher relative gastric volume at 30 and 90 min. Satiation at 90 min was higher in the EGCG group. Adiponectin concentrations at 150 min were higher with EGCG, but no difference was found for glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations. Conclusions: Acute EGCG supplementation is able to delay gastric emptying in healthy women to a small, but statistically significant extent. This study was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) as RBR-9svwrv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Fernandes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa A Araújo
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Bruna M Giglio
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clara B Marini
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - João F Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Kim-Ir-Sen S Teixeira
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic by Imaging, Medicine University, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil.
| | - Paula A Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-080, Brazil.
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Wang H, Jeong H, Kim NH, Kang Y, Hwang K, Lee H, Hong JH, Oh KS. Association between beverage intake and obesity in children: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2015. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:307-314. [PMID: 30090168 PMCID: PMC6078862 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Numerous researches have studied the association between sugar intake and obesity of children in many countries. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between beverage intake and obesity of children by reviewing a database for total sugar contents established in all foods and presented in a nutrition survey by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS Data of 1,520 children aged 6-11 years in the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015) were analyzed for this study. A database for total sugar intake comprises the total sugar contents of all foods included in the results of a nutrition survey using the 24-hour recall method of 6th KNHANES. Beverages were categorized into carbonated beverages, fruit & vegetable drinks, other drinks, tea, and coffee. RESULTS The average daily beverage intake of all children was 131.75 g/day, and the average daily total sugar intake in beverages was 13.76 g/day. Carbonated beverages had the highest intake rate (58.85 g/day) and also ranked highest for sugar intake (6.36 g/day). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratio for obesity in children with beverage intake of ≥ 200 mL/day significantly increased by 1.83 times (95% CI, 1.11-3.00) as compared to children with beverage intake of < 200 mL/day. Also, a significant increase was observed in the odds ratio for obesity in total children (2.41 times; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33) and boys (3.15 times; 95% CI, 1.53-6.49) with carbonated beverage intake of ≥ 200 mL/day when compared with children who consumed < 200 mL/day. CONCLUSION A positive association is observed between beverage intake and obesity in Korean children. In particular, an intake of carbonated beverages has a positive correlation with childhood obesity in boys. This study can therefore be used as scientific evidence for reducing sugar, and for the continuous management and research on beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Wang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - HaYoung Jeong
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Na-Hui Kim
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - YoonJung Kang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Hwang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - HwaJung Lee
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Hong
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Keum-Soon Oh
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
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A Comparison of the Satiety Effects of a Fruit Smoothie, Its Fresh Fruit Equivalent and Other Drinks. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040431. [PMID: 29601488 PMCID: PMC5946216 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-containing liquids are claimed to have relatively low satiating power, although energy in liquids is not without effect on appetite. Using the preload test-meal method, effects on fullness and energy intake compensation were compared across four drinks (water, blackcurrant squash, milk and fruit smoothie) and the fresh fruit equivalent of the smoothie. Preload volumes were similar, and the energy value of each preload was 569 kJ, except for water (0 kJ). Healthy, adult participants rated the preloads for liking, enjoyment, satisfaction, familiarity and how ‘food-like’ they seemed. The preload to test-meal interval was 2 min (n = 23) or 2 h (n = 24). The effects of the preloads on fullness varied with food-likeness and the rate at which they were consumed. In contrast, energy intake compensation versus water did not differ between the energy-containing preloads, although it decreased over time (from 82% at 2 min to 12% at 2 h). In conclusion, although fullness increased with food-likeness, subsequent energy intake compensation did not differ for energy/nutrients consumed in drinks compared with a food. The results also support the proposal that food intake is influenced predominantly by the immediate, but rapidly waning, post-ingestive effects of the previous ‘meal’ (rather than by changes in energy balance).
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Abstract
Public Health England has set a definition for free sugars in the UK in order to estimate intakes of free sugars in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. This follows the recommendation from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition in its 2015 report on Carbohydrates and Health that a definition of free sugars should be adopted. The definition of free sugars includes: all added sugars in any form; all sugars naturally present in fruit and vegetable juices, purées and pastes and similar products in which the structure has been broken down; all sugars in drinks (except for dairy-based drinks); and lactose and galactose added as ingredients. The sugars naturally present in milk and dairy products, fresh and most types of processed fruit and vegetables and in cereal grains, nuts and seeds are excluded from the definition.
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Sim AY, Lim EX, Leow MK, Cheon BK. Low subjective socioeconomic status stimulates orexigenic hormone ghrelin - A randomised trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:103-112. [PMID: 29358119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that lower perceived socioeconomic status is linked to increased appetite and intake of greater calories. Yet, whether insecurity of socioeconomic resources directly influences regulatory systems of appetite and energy intake is not known. Considering psychological states, mindsets and beliefs have shown to meaningfully affect physiological responses to food, the present study tested the hypothesis that low subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) will have a direct influence on physiological responses, such as appetite-related hormones (ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and insulin). Forty-eight healthy males were randomly (crossover, counterbalanced) assigned, to two experimental conditions where participants were either experimentally induced to feel low SSS or not (control; CON). Feelings of low SSS resulted in an increase in active ghrelin (an orexigenic hormone) following the SSS manipulation compared with baseline, while no change in active ghrelin was observed in CON. Furthermore, participants reported lower fullness and satiety following low SSS compared with CON. Our findings demonstrate that SSS may influence hunger regulation and appetite, and suggest that physiological systems regulating energy balance (i.e. caloric resources) may also be sensitive to perceived deprivation or imbalances in critical non-food resources (socioeconomic resources).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Sim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore.
| | - E X Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - M K Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B K Cheon
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Multisensory influence on eating behavior: Hedonic consumption. ENDOCRINOLOGÍA, DIABETES Y NUTRICIÓN (ENGLISH ED.) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cisse F, Erickson DP, Hayes AMR, Opekun AR, Nichols BL, Hamaker BR. Traditional Malian Solid Foods Made from Sorghum and Millet Have Markedly Slower Gastric Emptying than Rice, Potato, or Pasta. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020124. [PMID: 29373493 PMCID: PMC5852700 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From anecdotal evidence that traditional African sorghum and millet foods are filling and provide sustained energy, we hypothesized that gastric emptying rates of sorghum and millet foods are slow, particularly compared to non-traditional starchy foods (white rice, potato, wheat pasta). A human trial to study gastric emptying of staple foods eaten in Bamako, Mali was conducted using a carbon-13 (13C)-labelled octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying, and subjective pre-test and satiety response questionnaires. Fourteen healthy volunteers in Bamako participated in a crossover design to test eight starchy staples. A second validation study was done one year later in Bamako with six volunteers to correct for endogenous 13C differences in the starches from different sources. In both trials, traditional sorghum and millet foods (thick porridges and millet couscous) had gastric half-emptying times about twice as long as rice, potato, or pasta (p < 0.0001). There were only minor changes due to the 13C correction. Pre-test assessment of millet couscous and rice ranked them as more filling and aligned well with postprandial hunger rankings, suggesting that a preconceived idea of rice being highly satiating may have influenced subjective satiety scoring. Traditional African sorghum and millet foods, whether viscous in the form of a thick porridge or as non-viscous couscous, had distinctly slow gastric emptying, in contrast to the faster emptying of non-traditional starchy foods, which are popular among West African urban consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimata Cisse
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali (IER), BP 258 Bamako, Mali.
| | - Daniel P Erickson
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Buford L Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Tomadoni B, Fiszman S, Moreira MR, Tarrega A. The Role of the Dynamic Sensory Perception in the Reformulation of Shakes: Use of TDS for Studying the Effect of Milk, Fiber, and Flavor Addition. J Food Sci 2017; 83:198-204. [PMID: 29243808 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various factors need to be taken into account when reformulating a food or beverage. The food components, not only macronutrients but also minor ingredients such as flavoring agents, could affect the perception of the sensory sensations, importantly their dynamic aspects, as rising and duration, which are not normally considered. The novelty of this approach is the study of the effects of the addition of several ingredients (fiber, extra milk powder, and strawberry flavoring) on the dynamic perception of a food item (strawberry shakes) using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) technique. The occurrence and duration of the key sensory sensations (acid, natural strawberry flavor, thick, sweet, candy strawberry flavor, and milk flavor) extracted from the TDS curves were analyzed and linked to the composition factors and liking and expectations of satiety scores. For example, the addition of flavoring increased the liking scores (increments ranging from 0.3 to 1.1) that was linked to the attenuation of acid sensation; and the addition of extra milk powder increased the expectation of satiety scores (increments ranging from 0.5 to 0.7) that was linked to the perception of early thick sensation in the mouth. In general, the more complex sensory profiles the higher liking and expectations of satiety. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This work is a case study on how temporal sensory methods can contribute important information on the actual perception of food during consumption. Depending on the ingredients added these sensory properties appear at different times and with different dominance during evaluation affecting liking or fullness expectations. In consequence, the temporal sensory properties should be taken into account when designing or reformulating food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomadoni
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de Alimentos (GIIA), CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Susana Fiszman
- Insto. de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia), Spain
| | - María R Moreira
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de Alimentos (GIIA), CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Insto. de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia), Spain
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Hernández Ruiz de Eguilaz M, Martínez de Morentin Aldabe B, Almiron-Roig E, Pérez-Diez S, San Cristóbal Blanco R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez JA. Multisensory influence on eating behavior: Hedonic consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 65:114-125. [PMID: 29226823 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research in obesity has traditionally focused on prevention strategies and treatments aimed at changing lifestyle habits. However, recent research suggests that eating behavior is a habit regulated not only by homeostatic mechanisms, but also by the hedonic pathway that controls appetite and satiety processes. Cognitive, emotional, social, economic, and cultural factors, as well as organoleptic properties of food, are basic aspects to consider in order to understand eating behavior and its impact on health. This review presents a multisensory integrative view of food at both the homeostatic and non-homeostatic levels. This information will be of scientific interest to determine behavior drivers leading to overeating and, thus, to propose effective measures, at both the individual and population levels, for the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernández Ruiz de Eguilaz
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Blanca Martínez de Morentin Aldabe
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Salomé Pérez-Diez
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Rodrigo San Cristóbal Blanco
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Unidad Metabólica, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España.
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Stern D, Middaugh N, Rice MS, Laden F, López-Ridaura R, Rosner B, Willett W, Lajous M. Changes in Sugar-Sweetened Soda Consumption, Weight, and Waist Circumference: 2-Year Cohort of Mexican Women. Am J Public Health 2017; 107:1801-1808. [PMID: 28933937 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate 2-year changes in soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference. METHODS We followed 11 218 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort from 2006 to 2008. Dietary data were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight was self-reported, and waist circumference was self-measured. We used linear regression to evaluate changes in sugar-sweetened and sugar-free soda consumption in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference, adjusting for lifestyle and other dietary factors. RESULTS Compared with no change, a decrease in sugar-sweetened soda consumption by more than 1 serving per week was associated with less weight gain (-0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.6, -0.2). Conversely, relative to no change, an increase in sugar-sweetened soda by more than 1 serving per week was associated with a 0.3-kilogram (95% CI = 0.2, 0.5) increase in weight. An increase of 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened soda was associated with a 1.0 kg (95% CI = 0.7, 1.2; P < .001) increase in weight. The results for waist circumference were similar. CONCLUSIONS Moderate changes in consumption of sugar-sweetened soda over a 2-year period were associated with corresponding changes in weight and waist circumference among Mexican women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Stern
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Nicole Middaugh
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Megan S Rice
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Francine Laden
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Ruy López-Ridaura
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Walter Willett
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Martin Lajous
- Dalia Stern is with the Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nicole Middaugh and Francine Laden are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Megan S. Rice is with the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Ruy López-Ridaura and Martin Lajous are with the Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health. Bernard Rosner is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Walter Willett is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
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Yeomans MR, Milton MR, Chambers L. Additive effects of sensory-enhanced satiety and memory for recent eating on appetite. Appetite 2017; 117:335-341. [PMID: 28729200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The sensory characteristics of a product have been shown to interact with actual nutrient content to generate satiety. Separately, cued recall of recent eating has also been shown to reduce food intake. Here we explore for the first time how these two effects interact, with the hypothesis that sensory enhancement of satiety might be mediated by more vivid memory of the earlier consumed item. On each of two test sessions, 119 women volunteers consumed a control drink (lemonade) on one morning and then one of two test drinks on the next day 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. The test drinks were equicaloric but one was noticeably thicker and creamier, and expected to generate stronger satiety. Just prior to the test lunch, participants were asked to recall either the test drink (test recall) or the drink from the previous day (control recall). Overall, lunch intake was significantly lower after the thicker and creamier (enhanced sensory ES) than thinner (low sensory: LS) test drink (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11) regardless of recall condition (p = 0.65, η2 < 0.01), but was significantly lower after the test than control recall condition (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.14). Rated hunger was lower after consuming the ES than LS drink both immediately after consumption (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11) and prior to the test lunch (p = 0.007, η2 = 0.06), while rated hunger just before lunch tended to be lower after recalling the test than control drink (p = 0.052, η2 = 0.03) regardless of the sensory characteristics (p = 0.27, η2 = 0.01). Overall these data further demonstrate the power of 'sensory-enhanced satiety' and cued recall of earlier eating as methods to reduce acute food intake, but suggest these effects operate independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Yeomans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | | | - Lucy Chambers
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK; British Nutrition Foundation, London, WC2B 6UN, UK
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67
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A modeling study of beverage substitution and obesity outcomes among Australian adults. Nutrition 2017; 39-40:71-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractA better understanding of the factors that influence eating behaviour is of importance as our food choices are associated with the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, CVD, type 2 diabetes or some forms of cancer. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the industrial food production system is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emission and may be unsustainable. Therefore, our food choices may also contribute to climate change. By identifying the factors that influence eating behaviour new interventions may be developed, at the individual or population level, to modify eating behaviour and contribute to society’s health and environmental goals. Research indicates that eating behaviour is dictated by a complex interaction between physiology, environment, psychology, culture, socio-economics and genetics that is not fully understood. While a growing body of research has identified how several single factors influence eating behaviour, a better understanding of how these factors interact is required to facilitate the developing new models of eating behaviour. Due to the diversity of influences on eating behaviour this would probably necessitate a greater focus on multi-disciplinary research. In the present review, the influence of several salient physiological and environmental factors (largely related to food characteristics) on meal initiation, satiation (meal size) and satiety (inter-meal interval) are briefly discussed. Due to the large literature this review is not exhaustive but illustrates the complexity of eating behaviour. The present review will also highlight several limitations that apply to eating behaviour research.
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70
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Frantsve-Hawley J, Bader JD, Welsh JA, Wright JT. A systematic review of the association between consumption of sugar-containing beverages and excess weight gain among children under age 12. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S43-S66. [PMID: 28556932 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to address this clinical question: Does consumption of (non-dairy) sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) among children under age 12 result in excess weight gain? METHODS The authors searched four databases for controlled trials (randomized and non-randomized) and cohort studies published in English through March 29, 2016: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL. Initial and full-text screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. One was a randomized controlled trial, and 37 were cohort studies. Though the results of these studies were mixed, the majority demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between SCB consumption in children under age 12 and total adiposity and central adiposity. In contrast, most studies that assessed 100 percent fruit juice consumption only with either total adiposity or central adiposity did not support an association. Among only children under age 5 at baseline, no studies examined central adiposity, but nearly all studies examining SCBs and total adiposity, and a majority examining only fruit juice consumption, demonstrated a statistically significant positive association. CONCLUSION Our results support a statistically significant positive association between SCBs and total and central adiposity among children under age 12. This association is most consistent for total adiposity among children <5. Our results for 100 percent fruit juice only suggest differences by age, as most studies among those < 12 were negative but most among those <5 were positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frantsve-Hawley
- American Association of Public Health Dentistry, Springfield, IL, USA; College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James D Bader
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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71
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Jen V, Erler NS, Tielemans MJ, Braun KV, Jaddoe VW, Franco OH, Voortman T. Mothers' intake of sugar-containing beverages during pregnancy and body composition of their children during childhood: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:834-841. [PMID: 28275130 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.147934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been linked to increased risk of obesity. However, associations of SCB intake during pregnancy with child body composition have been unclear.Objectives: We explored whether SCB intake during pregnancy was associated with children's body mass index (BMI) and detailed measures of body composition. In addition, we examined different types of SCBs (i.e., fruit juice, soda, and concentrate).Design: We included 3312 mother-child pairs of the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. Energy-adjusted SCB intake was assessed in the first trimester with a food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data of the children were collected repeatedly ≤6 y of age, and BMI was calculated. At 6 y of age, we further measured fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All outcomes were sex- and age-standardized. Associations of SCB intake with children's BMI trajectories and body composition were analyzed with multivariable linear mixed and regression models.Results: Results from linear mixed models showed that, after adjustment for confounders including the SCB intake of the child itself, mothers' total SCB intake was positively associated with children's BMI ≤6 y of age [per serving per day: 0.04 SD score (SDS); 95% CI: 0.00, 0.07 SDS]. In addition, intakes of total SCBs and fruit juice, but not of soda or concentrate, were associated with a higher FMI [total SCBs: 0.05 SDS (95% CI: 0.01, 0.08 SDS); fruit juice: 0.04 SDS (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06 SDS)] of the 6-y-old children. These associations remained significant (P < 0.05) after additional adjustment for gestational weight gain, birth weight, and children's insulin concentrations.Conclusion: Our study suggests that maternal SCB intake during pregnancy is positively associated with children's BMI during early childhood and particularly with higher fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jen
- Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology.,Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Trudy Voortman
- Generation R Study Group and .,Departments of Epidemiology
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Beverage Consumption Patterns at Age 13 to 17 Years Are Associated with Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index at Age 17 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 117:698-706. [PMID: 28259744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been associated with obesity in children and adults; however, associations between beverage patterns and obesity are not understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to describe beverage patterns during adolescence and associations between adolescent beverage patterns and anthropometric measures at age 17 years. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional analyses of longitudinally collected data. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data from participants in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study having at least one beverage questionnaire completed between ages 13.0 and 14.0 years, having a second questionnaire completed between 16.0 and 17.0 years, and attending clinic examination for weight and height measurements at age 17 years (n=369) were included. EXPOSURE Beverages were collapsed into four categories (ie, 100% juice, milk, water and other sugar-free beverages, and SSBs) for the purpose of clustering. Five beverage clusters were identified from standardized age 13 to 17 years mean daily beverage intakes and named by the authors for the dominant beverage: juice, milk, water/sugar-free beverages, neutral, and SSB. OUTCOMES Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2) at age 17 years were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES We used Ward's method for clustering of beverage variables, one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests for bivariable associations, and γ-regression for associations of weight or BMI (outcomes) with beverage clusters and demographic variables. Linear regression was used for associations of height (outcome) with beverage clusters and demographic variables. RESULTS Participants with family incomes <$60,000 trended shorter (1.5±0.8 cm; P=0.070) and were heavier (2.0±0.7 BMI units; P=0.002) than participants with family incomes ≥$60,000/year. Adjusted mean weight, height, and BMI estimates differed by beverage cluster membership. For example, on average, male and female members of the neutral cluster were 4.5 cm (P=0.010) and 4.2 cm (P=0.034) shorter, respectively, than members of the milk cluster. For members of the juice cluster, mean BMI was lower than for members of the milk cluster (by 2.4 units), water/sugar-free beverage cluster (3.5 units), neutral cluster (2.2 units), and SSB cluster (3.2 units) (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Beverage patterns at ages 13 to 17 years were associated with anthropometric measures and BMI at age 17 years in this sample. Beverage patterns might be characteristic of overall food choices and dietary behaviors that influence growth.
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Shankar SS, Mixson LA, Chakravarthy M, Chisholm R, Acton AJ, Jones R, Mattar SG, Miller DL, Petry L, Beals CR, Stoch SA, Kelley DE, Considine RV. Metabolic improvements following Roux-en-Y surgery assessed by solid meal test in subjects with short duration type 2 diabetes. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:10. [PMID: 28265415 PMCID: PMC5331732 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose homeostasis improves within days following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The dynamic metabolic response to caloric intake following RYGB has been assessed using liquid mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTT). Few studies have evaluated the glycemic and hormonal response to a solid mixed meal in subjects with diabetes prior to, and within the first month following RYGB. METHODS Seventeen women with type 2 diabetes of less than 5 years duration participated. Fasting measures of glucose homeostasis, lipids and gut hormones were obtained pre- and post-surgery. MMTT utilizing a solid 4 oz chocolate pudding performed pre-, 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery. Metabolic response to 4 and 2 oz MMTT assessed in five diabetic subjects not undergoing surgery. RESULTS Significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin at 3 days, and in fasting betatrophin, triglycerides and total cholesterol at 2 weeks post-surgery. Hepatic insulin clearance was greater at 3 days post-surgery. Subjects exhibited less hunger and greater feelings of fullness and satisfaction during the MMTT while consuming 52.9 ± 6.5% and 51.0 ± 6.5% of the meal at 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery respectively. At 2 weeks post-surgery, glucose and insulin response to MMTT were improved, with greater GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Improved response to solid MMTT not replicated by consumption of smaller pudding volume in diabetic non-surgical subjects. CONCLUSIONS With a test meal of size and composition representative of the routine diet of post-RYGB subjects, improved glycemic and gut hormone responses occur which cannot be replicated by reducing the size of the MMTT in diabetic subjects not undergoing surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00957957 August 11, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A Mixson
- Experimental Medicine, Merck and Company, Rahway, NJ USA
| | | | - Robin Chisholm
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Anthony J Acton
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Samer G Mattar
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - Lea Petry
- Experimental Medicine, Merck and Company, Rahway, NJ USA
| | - Chan R Beals
- Experimental Medicine, Merck and Company, Rahway, NJ USA
| | - S Aubrey Stoch
- Experimental Medicine, Merck and Company, Rahway, NJ USA
| | - David E Kelley
- Experimental Medicine, Merck and Company, Rahway, NJ USA
| | - Robert V Considine
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Abstract
Food choice and food intake are guided by both sensory and metabolic processes. The senses of taste and smell play a key role in the sensory effects on choice and intake. This article provides a comprehensive overview of, and will argue for, the differential role of smell and taste for eating behavior by focusing on appetite, choice, intake, and satiation. The sense of smell mainly plays a priming role in eating behavior. It has been demonstrated that (orthonasal) odor exposure induces appetite specifically for the cued food. However, the influence of odors on food choice and intake is less clear, and may also depend on awareness or intensity of the odors, or personality traits of the participants. Taste on the other hand, has a clear role as a (macro)nutrient sensing system, during consumption. Together with texture, taste is responsible for eating rate, and thus in determining the oral exposure duration of food in the mouth, thereby contributing to satiation. Results from these experimental studies should be taken to real-life situations, to assess longer-term effects on energy intake. With this knowledge, it will be possible to steer people's eating behavior, as well as food product development, toward a less obesogenic society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Graaf
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rogers PJ. Food and drug addictions: Similarities and differences. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153:182-190. [PMID: 28063947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the merits of 'food addiction' as an explanation of excessive eating (i.e., eating in excess of what is required to maintain a healthy body weight). It describes various apparent similarities in appetites for foods and drugs. For example, conditioned environmental cues can arouse food and drug-seeking behaviour, 'craving' is an experience reported to precede eating and drug taking, 'bingeing' is associated with both eating and drug use, and conditioned and unconditioned tolerance occurs to food and drug ingestion. This is to be expected, as addictive drugs tap into the same processes and systems that evolved to motivate and control adaptive behaviours, including eating. The evidence, however, shows that drugs of abuse have more potent effects than foods, particularly in respect of their neuroadaptive effects that make them 'wanted.' While binge eating has been conceptualised as form of addictive behaviour, it is not a major cause of excessive eating, because binge eating has a far lower prevalence than obesity. Rather, it is proposed that obesity results from recurrent overconsumption of energy dense foods. Such foods are, relatedly, both attractive and (calorie for calorie) weakly satiating. Limiting their availability could partially decrease excessive eating and consequently decrease obesity. Arguably, persuading policy makers that these foods are addictive could support such action. However, blaming excessive eating on food addiction could be counterproductive, because it risks trivialising serious addictions, and because the attribution of excessive eating to food addiction implies an inability to control one's eating. Therefore, attributing everyday excessive eating to food addiction may neither explain nor significantly help reduce this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Adolphus K, Bellissimo N, Lawton CL, Ford NA, Rains TM, Totosy de Zepetnek J, Dye L. Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:184S-196S. [PMID: 28096143 PMCID: PMC5227972 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is purported to confer a number of benefits on diet quality, health, appetite regulation, and cognitive performance. However, new evidence has challenged the long-held belief that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the key methodological challenges and considerations in studies assessing the effect of breakfast on cognitive performance and appetite control, along with recommendations for future research. This review focuses on the myriad challenges involved in studying children and adolescents specifically. Key methodological challenges and considerations include study design and location, sampling and sample section, choice of objective cognitive tests, choice of objective and subjective appetite measures, merits of providing a fixed breakfast compared with ad libitum, assessment and definition of habitual breakfast consumption, transparency of treatment condition, difficulty of isolating the direct effects of breakfast consumption, untangling acute and chronic effects, and influence of confounding variables. These methodological challenges have hampered a clear substantiation of the potential positive effects of breakfast on cognition and appetite control and contributed to the debate questioning the notion that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Adolphus
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- Faculty of Community Services, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clare L Lawton
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;
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Fiszman S, Tarrega A. Expectations of food satiation and satiety reviewed with special focus on food properties. Food Funct 2017; 8:2686-2697. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expectations of satiation are beliefs about the extent to which food is expected to deliver fullness and expectation of satiety relates to the extent to which food is expected to give respite from hunger and to inhibit further eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fiszman
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- Paterna
- Spain
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- Paterna
- Spain
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Masic U, Harrold JA, Christiansen P, Cuthbertson DJ, Hardman CA, Robinson E, Halford JCG. EffectS of non-nutritive sWeetened beverages on appetITe during aCtive weigHt loss (SWITCH): Protocol for a randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages compared to water during a 12-week weight loss period and a follow up weight maintenance period. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 53:80-88. [PMID: 27979755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and medium-term intervention studies suggest that non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are beneficial for weight loss, however there is limited human data on the long-term effects of consuming NNS on weight loss, maintenance, and appetite. Further research is therefore required to elucidate the prolonged impact of NNS consumption on these outcome measures. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized parallel groups design will be used to assess whether regular NNS beverage intake is equivalent to a water control in promoting weight loss over 12-weeks (weekly weight loss sessions; Phase I), then supporting weight maintenance over 40-weeks (monthly sessions; Phase II) and subsequently independent weight maintenance over 52-weeks (Phase III) in 432 participants. A subset of these participants (n=116) will complete laboratory-based appetite probe days (15 sessions; 3 sessions each at baseline, at the start of phase I and the end of each phase). A separate subset (n=50) will complete body composition scans (DXA) at baseline and at the end of each phase. All participants will regularly be weighed and will complete questionnaires and cognitive tasks to assess changes in body weight and appetitive behaviours. Measures of physical activity and biochemical markers will also be taken. DISCUSSION The trial will assess the efficacy of NNS beverages compared to water during a behavioural weight loss and maintenance programme. We aim to understand whether the impact of NNS on weight, dietary adherence and well-being are beneficial or transient and effects on prolonged successful weight loss and weight maintenance through sustained changes in appetite and eating behaviour. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials: NCT02591134; registered: 23.10.2015.
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Abstract
Health nudge interventions to steer people into healthier lifestyles are increasingly applied by governments worldwide, and it is natural to look to such approaches to improve health by altering what people choose to eat. However, to produce policy recommendations that are likely to be effective, we need to be able to make valid predictions about the consequences of proposed interventions, and for this, we need a better understanding of the determinants of food choice. These determinants include dietary components (e.g. highly palatable foods and alcohol), but also diverse cultural and social pressures, cognitive-affective factors (perceived stress, health attitude, anxiety and depression), and familial, genetic and epigenetic influences on personality characteristics. In addition, our choices are influenced by an array of physiological mechanisms, including signals to the brain from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, which affect not only our hunger and satiety but also our motivation to eat particular nutrients, and the reward we experience from eating. Thus, to develop the evidence base necessary for effective policies, we need to build bridges across different levels of knowledge and understanding. This requires experimental models that can fill in the gaps in our understanding that are needed to inform policy, translational models that connect mechanistic understanding from laboratory studies to the real life human condition, and formal models that encapsulate scientific knowledge from diverse disciplines, and which embed understanding in a way that enables policy-relevant predictions to be made. Here we review recent developments in these areas.
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Appetite and energy balancing. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:465-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Eating disorders need more experimental psychopathology. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:2-10. [PMID: 27600853 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are severe and disabling mental disorders. The scientific study of eating disorders has expanded dramatically over the past few decades, and provided significant understanding of eating disorders and their treatments. Those significant advances notwithstanding, there is scant knowledge about key processes that are crucial to clinical improvement. The lack of understanding mechanisms that cause, maintain and change eating disorders, currently is the biggest problem facing the science of eating disorders. It hampers the development of really effective interventions that could be fine-tuned to target the mechanisms of change and, therefore, the development of more effective treatments. It is argued here that the science of eating disorders and eating disorder treatment could benefit tremendously from pure experimental studies into its mechanisms of change, that is, experimental psychopathology (EPP). To illustrate why eating disorders need more EPP research, some key symptoms - restriction of intake, binge eating and body overvaluation - will be discussed. EPP studies challenge some generally accepted views and offer a fresh new look at key symptoms. This will, consequently, better inform eating disorder treatments.
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Ferreira-Pêgo C, Babio N, Bes-Rastrollo M, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, Fiol M, Santos-Lozano JM, Muñoz-Bravo C, Pintó X, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J. Frequent Consumption of Sugar- and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Natural and Bottled Fruit Juices Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Nutr 2016; 146:1528-36. [PMID: 27358413 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between the consumption of sweetened beverages and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is controversial. OBJECTIVE This analysis evaluated the associations between intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages, and natural and bottled fruit juices and the incidence of MetS in elderly individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and without MetS at baseline. METHODS We prospectively examined 1868 participants free of MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) study. MetS was defined by using the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated at baseline and then yearly by using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted HRs for MetS and its components were estimated from mean intakes during follow-up. We compared the 2 highest consumption categories (1-5 and >5 servings/wk) with the lowest category (<1 serving/wk). RESULTS A total of 930 incident cases of MetS were documented during a median follow-up of 3.24 y. When we compared consumption of >5 servings/wk with consumption of <1 serving/wk, multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for MetS incidence were 1.43 (1.00, 2.15), 1.74 (1.26, 2.41), 1.30 (1.00, 1.69), and 1.14 (1.04, 1.65) for SSBs, artificially sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, and bottled fruit juices, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The occasional consumption of SSBs and artificially sweetened beverages (1-5 servings/wk) was not associated with the incidence of MetS in middle-aged and elderly individuals at high risk of CVD. The consumption of >5 servings/wk of all of the types of beverages analyzed was associated with an increased risk of MetS and some of its components. However, for SSBs and bottled fruit juices these associations must be interpreted with caution because of the low frequency of consumption in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology, and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Medical Research Institute of Del Mar Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miguel Fiol
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Palma Institute of Health Research, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Bravo
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain;
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von Philipsborn P, Stratil JM, Burns J, Busert LK, Pfadenhauer LM, Polus S, Holzapfel C, Hauner H, Rehfuess E. Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter von Philipsborn
- Technical University Munich; Faculty of Medicine; Stuntzstrasse 12 81677 Munich Germany
| | - Jan M Stratil
- University of Tuebingen; Faculty of Medicine; Wilhelmstrasse 127 Tuebingen Germany 72076
| | - Jacob Burns
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Bavaria Germany
| | - Laura K Busert
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Bavaria Germany
| | - Lisa M Pfadenhauer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Bavaria Germany
| | - Stephanie Polus
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Bavaria Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Technische Universität München Klinikum rechts der Isar; Institute for Nutritional Medicine; Munich Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Technische Universität München Klinikum rechts der Isar; Institute for Nutritional Medicine; Munich Germany
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Bavaria Germany
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Katan MB, de Ruyter JC, Kuijper LDJ, Chow CC, Hall KD, Olthof MR. Impact of Masked Replacement of Sugar-Sweetened with Sugar-Free Beverages on Body Weight Increases with Initial BMI: Secondary Analysis of Data from an 18 Month Double-Blind Trial in Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159771. [PMID: 27447721 PMCID: PMC4957753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substituting sugar-free for sugar-sweetened beverages reduces weight gain. This effect may be more pronounced in children with a high body mass index (BMI) because their sensing of kilocalories might be compromised. We investigated the impact of sugar-free versus sugary drinks separately in children with a higher and a lower initial BMI z score, and predicted caloric intakes and degree of compensation in the two groups. Methods and Findings This is a secondary, explorative analysis of our double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) which showed that replacement of one 250-mL sugary drink per day by a sugar—free drink for 18 months significantly reduced weight gain. In the 477 children who completed the trial, mean initial weights were close to the Dutch average. Only 16% were overweight and 3% obese. Weight changes were expressed as BMI z-score, i.e. as standard deviations of the BMI distribution per age and sex group. We designated the 239 children with an initial BMI z-score below the median as ‘lower BMI’ and the 238 children above the median as ‘higher BMI’. The difference in caloric intake from experimental beverages between treatments was 86 kcal/day both in the lower and in the higher BMI group. We used a multiple linear regression and the coefficient of the interaction term (initial BMI group times treatment), indicated whether children with a lower BMI responded differently from children with a higher BMI. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. Relative to the sugar sweetened beverage, consumption of the sugar—free beverage for 18 months reduced the BMI z-score by 0.05 SD units within the lower BMI group and by 0.21 SD within the higher BMI group. Body weight gain was reduced by 0.62 kg in the lower BMI group and by 1.53 kg in the higher BMI group. Thus the treatment reduced the BMI z-score by 0.16 SD units more in the higher BMI group than in the lower BMI group (p = 0.04; 95% CI -0.31 to -0.01). The impact of the intervention on body weight gain differed by 0.90 kg between BMI groups (p = 0.09; 95% CI -1.95 to 0.14). In addition, we used a physiologically-based model of growth and energy balance to estimate the degree to which children had compensated for the covertly removed sugar kilocalories by increasing their intake of other foods. The model predicts that children with a lower BMI had compensated 65% (95% CI 28 to 102) of the covertly removed sugar kilocalories, whereas children with a higher BMI compensated only 13% (95% CI -37 to 63). Conclusions The children with a BMI above the median might have a reduced tendency to compensate for changes in caloric intake. Differences in these subconscious compensatory mechanisms may be an important cause of differences in the tendency to gain weight. If further research bears this out, cutting down on the intake of sugar-sweetened drinks may benefit a large proportion of children, especially those who show a tendency to become overweight. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00893529
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn B. Katan
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janne C. de Ruyter
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lothar D. J. Kuijper
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carson C. Chow
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Margreet R. Olthof
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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86
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Safety and efficacy of coffee enriched with inulin and dextrin on satiety and hunger in normal volunteers. Nutrition 2016; 32:754-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Duffey KJ, Poti J. Modeling the Effect of Replacing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption with Water on Energy Intake, HBI Score, and Obesity Prevalence. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070395. [PMID: 27367719 PMCID: PMC4963871 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) contribute to excessive weight gain through added energy intake. Replacing SSB with water is one strategy that has shown promise in helping lower excessive energy intake. Using nationally representative data from US adults (n = 19,718) from NHANES 2007–2012 we examine the impact of replacing SSB with water on Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) scores and obesity prevalence. Replacing an 8-ounce serving of SSB with water lowered the percent of energy from beverages from 17% to 11% (among those consuming 1 serving SSB/day). Reductions in the percent energy from beverages were observed across all SSB consumption groups (1–2 servings/day and >2 servings/day). Among adults there was a 9% to 21% improvement in HBI score when one serving of water replaced one serving of SSB. Using previously published randomized controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of measured weight loss we also predicted a reduction in the prevalence of obesity (observed: 35.2%; predicted 33.5%–34.9%, p < 0.05) and increase in the prevalence of normal weight (observed: 29.7%; high weight loss: 31.3%, p < 0.05). Our findings provide further epidemiologic evidence that water in the place of SSB can be used as a strategy to limit energy intake and help individuals meet beverage intake recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyah J Duffey
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 338 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Kiyah Duffey Consulting, Inc., 1807 Asher Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | - Jennifer Poti
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #8120, 137 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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Monteiro LS, Vasconcelos TMD, Veiga GVD, Pereira RA. Modificações no consumo de bebidas de adolescentes de escolas públicas na primeira década do século XXI. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2016; 19:348-61. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201600020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar mudanças no consumo de bebidas em adolescentes entre 2003 e 2008. Métodos: Foram realizados dois estudos transversais de base escolar com estudantes de 12 a 19 anos de idade de escolas públicas de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Dados de três registros alimentares foram utilizados para estimar o consumo médio diário, de dias de semana e de final de semana (volume e a contribuição para a ingestão diária de energia) de leite, bebidas à base de leite, bebidas com adição de açúcar, suco de frutas frescas, bebidas cafeinadas e bebidas alcoólicas. Foram utilizados Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM) para estimar médias ajustadas por idade e as diferenças nos estimadores segundo os dias de semana. Resultados: Foram investigados 433 adolescentes em 2003 e 510 foram investigados em 2008. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 17% em 2003 e de 22% em 2008 (p > 0,05). O leite foi a bebida mais consumida, sendo relatada por 89% dos adolescentes, seguido dos refrigerantes (75%). De maneira geral, no período de cinco anos, verificou-se aumento da prevalência de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, bebidas à base de xarope de guaraná e sucos processados, especialmente nos dias de semana. O refrigerante foi a bebida que mais contribuiu para o consumo energético total, correspondendo, em média, a 4% da ingestão energética diária. Conclusão: As principais mudanças no perfil de consumo de bebidas entre os adolescentes de Niterói na primeira década do século XXI foram a tendência para redução do consumo de leite e o aumento no consumo das bebidas processadas e das bebidas alcoólicas.
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Kim Y, Je Y. Prospective association of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage intake with risk of hypertension. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 109:242-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Giles KH, Kubrak C, Baracos VE, Olson K, Mazurak VC. Recommended European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition protein and energy intakes and weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38:1248-57. [PMID: 27028732 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding attenuation of weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer consuming energy and protein intakes at levels recommended by the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) is limited. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer (n = 38) consuming food orally had weight and 3-day diet records prospectively collected at baseline, the end of treatment, and at the 2.5-month follow-up. Weight loss of patients consuming the ESPEN recommendations of ≥30 kcal/kg/d energy and 1.2 g/kg/d protein versus those consuming less were compared. Weight loss of oral nutrition supplement consumers versus oral nutrition supplement nonconsumers was also compared. RESULTS Despite ≥30 kcal/kg/d intakes at posttreatment and follow-up, mean weight loss was 10.3% from baseline to posttreatment, and 4.0% from posttreatment to follow-up. At posttreatment, oral nutrition supplement consumers with intakes ≥30 kcal/kg/d lost twice as much weight as nonconsumers with intakes of ≥30 kcal/kg/d (p = .001). CONCLUSION Current ESPEN recommendations may not attenuate weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer, especially those consuming oral nutrition supplements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1248-1257, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H Giles
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Kubrak
- Department of Surgery (Thoracics), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karin Olson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Dhillon J, Running CA, Tucker RM, Mattes RD. Effects of food form on appetite and energy balance. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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92
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Sustained satiety induced by food foams is independent of energy content, in healthy adults. Appetite 2016; 97:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Intermittent access to a sucrose solution impairs metabolism in obesity-prone but not obesity-resistant mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Shearrer GE, O'Reilly GA, Belcher BR, Daniels MJ, Goran MI, Spruijt-Metz D, Davis JN. The impact of sugar sweetened beverage intake on hunger and satiety in minority adolescents. Appetite 2016; 97:43-8. [PMID: 26606887 PMCID: PMC5266547 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has examined the effects of habitual SSB consumption on hunger/fullness ratings and gut hormones. This study hypothesized that high versus low intakes of habitual SSBs would result in greater hunger, decreased fullness, and a blunted gut hormone response, however the high versus low fiber group would exhibit decreased hunger and increased fullness. This was a randomized crossover feeding trial with 47 African American and Hispanic adolescents. The experiment included three 24-hour recalls to assess habitual dietary intake. During the test meal phase, subjects were served breakfast and lunch. During the ad libitum meal phase, subjects were fed an ad libitum dinner. During the test meal phase, blood was drawn every 30 minutes for 3 hours. During the ad libitum meal phase, hunger and fullness visual analogue scales were completed. For this analysis, subjects were grouped into the following habitual SSB categories: low SSB (≤1 SSB serv/day), medium SSB (>1 - <2 serv/day), and high SSB (≥2 serv/day). Fiber categories were created based on quartiles of intake. Mixed modeling was used to explore how SSB and fiber categories predicted ghrelin/PYY values and hunger/fullness ratings across time within and between test meals. The following a priori covariates included: sex, ethnicity, age, and obesity status. The low SSB group had higher fullness ratings over the ad libitum meal compared to the high SSB group (β =-0.49, CI=(-0.89, -0.08), p=0.02) and higher ghrelin concentrations than the medium and high SSB group over the test meal phase (β =-1.86, CI=(-2.81, -0.92), p<0.01). Habitual SSB intake appears to play a key role in moderating fullness responses possibly via ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian A O'Reilly
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Britini R Belcher
- Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch, Applied Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Daniels
- Department of Statistics and Computation, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Jaimie N Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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95
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Eicher-Miller HA, Khanna N, Boushey CJ, Gelfand SB, Delp EJ. Temporal Dietary Patterns Derived among the Adult Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 Are Associated with Diet Quality. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:283-291. [PMID: 26138502 PMCID: PMC4696922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal dietary patterns, the distribution of energy or nutrient intakes observed over a period of time, is an emerging area of dietary patterns research that incorporates time of dietary intake with frequency and amount of intake to determine population clusters that may have similar characteristics or outcomes related to diet quality. OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in diet quality were present between clusters of individuals with similar daily temporal dietary patterns. DESIGN The first-day 24-hour dietary recall data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004, were used to determine proportional energy intake, time of intake, frequency of intake occasions, and mean diet quality. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data from 9,326 US adults aged 20 to 65 years were included. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The mean diet quality, classified by the Healthy Eating Index-2005, of participant clusters with similar temporal dietary patterns derived on the basis of individual proportional energy intake, time of intake, and frequency of intake, were inferentially compared using multiple linear regression that controlled for potential confounders and other covariates (P<0.05/6). RESULTS Diet quality differences were present between US population clusters exhibiting similar daily temporal dietary patterns (P<0.001 with one exception, which was P=0.08). Participant characteristics of race/ethnicity, age, household poverty-income ratio, and body mass index were associated with the temporal dietary patterns. The cluster representing the temporal dietary pattern with proportionally equivalent energy consumed during three evenly spaced eating occasions had a significantly greater mean total Healthy Eating Index-2005 score compared with the other temporal dietary pattern clusters. CONCLUSIONS Temporal dietary patterns are associated with differences in US adult daily diet quality, demonstrating that elements beyond food and nutrient intake, such as time, can be incorporated with dietary patterns to determine links to diet quality that enhance knowledge of the complicated interplay of time and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Eicher-Miller
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Nitin Khanna
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand,India,
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, (808)564-5915, and Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Saul B. Gelfand
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 465 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA, (765)494-3439,
| | - Edward J. Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 465 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, (765)494-1740, (765)494-3358(FAX),
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96
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O'Connor KL, Scisco JL, Smith TJ, Young AJ, Montain SJ, Price LL, Lieberman HR, Karl JP. Altered Appetite-Mediating Hormone Concentrations Precede Compensatory Overeating After Severe, Short-Term Energy Deprivation in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:209-17. [PMID: 26740683 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.217976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive responses of appetite-mediating hormones to negative energy balance are thought to contribute to a counterregulatory response that drives weight regain, but they have not been studied while controlling for reduced diet volume. OBJECTIVE In this secondary analysis, we aimed to determine the effects of short-term, severe energy deprivation (ED) on appetite and appetite-mediating hormone concentrations. METHODS Twenty-one adults with a mean ± SD age of 21 ± 3 y and body mass index of 25 ± 3 kg/m(2) consumed isovolumetric diets provided over separate 48-h periods while increasing habitual energy expenditure by 1683 ± 329 kcal/d through light- and moderate-intensity exercise. Energy intake was matched to energy expenditure to maintain energy balance (EB) (-44 ± 92 kcal/d) or was <10% of energy expenditure to generate a -3696 ± 742-kcal/d energy deficit. Postprandial appetite, glucose, insulin, acyl ghrelin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses and ad libitum energy intake were measured as secondary outcomes after both experimental periods. RESULTS Fasting insulin (-56% ± 42%) and acyl ghrelin (-60% ± 17%) concentrations decreased during ED but not during EB (condition-by-time interaction; P-interaction ≤ 0.01), whereas fasting leptin concentrations decreased more during ED compared with during EB (-47% ± 27% compared with -20% ± 27%; P-interaction = 0.05). Postprandial insulin (57% ± 63%; P < 0.001), GLP-1 (14% ± 28%; P = 0.04), and PP (54% ± 52%; P < 0.001) areas under the curve (AUCs) were higher, whereas the acyl ghrelin AUC was lower (-56% ± 13%; P < 0.001) after ED compared with after EB. After ED, self-rated appetite was greater, and ad libitum energy intake was 811 kcal/36 h (95% CI: 184, 1439 kcal/36 h) higher relative to after EB (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Short-term, severe ED suppressed acyl ghrelin concentrations and increased postprandial anorexigenic hormone concentrations. These effects preceded compensatory overeating, suggesting that in adults without obesity, altered sensitivity to appetite-mediating hormones may contribute to an adaptive counterregulatory response during the initial stages of negative EB. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01603550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L O'Connor
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - Jenna L Scisco
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - Tracey J Smith
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - Andrew J Young
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - Scott J Montain
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
| | - J Philip Karl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA; and
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97
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Keeping Pace with Your Eating: Visual Feedback Affects Eating Rate in Humans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147603. [PMID: 26828922 PMCID: PMC4734439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deliberately eating at a slower pace promotes satiation and eating quickly has been associated with a higher body mass index. Therefore, understanding factors that affect eating rate should be given high priority. Eating rate is affected by the physical/textural properties of a food, by motivational state, and by portion size and palatability. This study explored the prospect that eating rate is also influenced by a hitherto unexplored cognitive process that uses ongoing perceptual estimates of the volume of food remaining in a container to adjust intake during a meal. A 2 (amount seen; 300ml or 500ml) x 2 (amount eaten; 300ml or 500ml) between-subjects design was employed (10 participants in each condition). In two ‘congruent’ conditions, the same amount was seen at the outset and then subsequently consumed (300ml or 500ml). To dissociate visual feedback of portion size and actual amount consumed, food was covertly added or removed from a bowl using a peristaltic pump. This created two additional ‘incongruent’ conditions, in which 300ml was seen but 500ml was eaten or vice versa. We repeated these conditions using a savoury soup and a sweet dessert. Eating rate (ml per second) was assessed during lunch. After lunch we assessed fullness over a 60-minute period. In the congruent conditions, eating rate was unaffected by the actual volume of food that was consumed (300ml or 500ml). By contrast, we observed a marked difference across the incongruent conditions. Specifically, participants who saw 300ml but actually consumed 500ml ate at a faster rate than participants who saw 500ml but actually consumed 300ml. Participants were unaware that their portion size had been manipulated. Nevertheless, when it disappeared faster or slower than anticipated they adjusted their rate of eating accordingly. This suggests that the control of eating rate involves visual feedback and is not a simple reflexive response to orosensory stimulation.
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98
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Effects of Oral Exposure Duration and Gastric Energy Content on Appetite Ratings and Energy Intake in Lean Men. Nutrients 2016; 8:64. [PMID: 26821045 PMCID: PMC4772028 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that longer oral exposure to food leads to earlier satiation and lowers energy intake. Moreover, higher energy content of food has been shown to lead to higher satiety. Up to now, it has not been studied systematically how oral exposure duration and gastric energy content interact in satiety regulation. Thirty-seven men (22 ± 4 years, 22 ± 2 kg/m²) participated in a randomized cross-over trial, in which we independently manipulated: (1) oral exposure duration by modified sham feeding (MSF) for 1 or 8 min; and (2) energy content of gastric load (GL) by a nasogastric tube: 100 kcal/500 mL or 700 kcal/500 mL. Outcome measures were appetite ratings and subsequent energy intake from an ad libitum meal. Energy intake was 35% lower after the GLs with 700 kcal than with 100 kcal (p < 0.0001). All appetite ratings were lower in the 700 kcal than in the 100 kcal treatments (area under the curve (AUC); p-values ≤ 0.002); fullness was higher and prospective consumption was lower in the 8 min than in the 1 min MSF treatments (AUC; p-values ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, the current showed that a GL of 700 kcal/500 mL vs. 100 kcal/500 mL increased satiety and lowered energy intake. No additional effects of oral exposure duration could be observed, presumably due to the high contrast in energy between the manipulations. Future research should also focus on the role of oral exposure as such and not only the duration.
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99
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Gopirajah R, Raichurkar KP, Wadhwa R, Anandharamakrishnan C. The glycemic response to fibre rich foods and their relationship with gastric emptying and motor functions: an MRI study. Food Funct 2016; 7:3964-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chief motor functions of human stomach, namely receiving, storing, mixing and emptying, influence the absorption of ingested food and hence determine the glycemic response to the meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gopirajah
- Centre for Food Nanotechnology
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore-570 020
- India
| | | | - Rajkumar Wadhwa
- Radiology Department
- Vikram Hospital Pvt. Ltd
- Mysore 570020
- India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Centre for Food Nanotechnology
- Department of Food Engineering
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore-570 020
- India
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100
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Morey S, Shafat A, Clegg M. Oral versus intubated feeding and the effect on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, gastric emptying and satiety. Appetite 2016; 96:598-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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