51
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Kaewsarabhumi S, Proungvitaya T, Limpaiboon T, Tippayawat P, Tummanatsakun D, Titapun A, Sa-Ngaimwibool P, Proungvitaya S. Interleukin 25 (IL-25) expression in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:84. [PMID: 33163180 PMCID: PMC7642803 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cytokines are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Some tumor cells produce cytokines by themselves. Using secretome analysis, a high expression of APEX-1 was found in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. During this secretome analysis, it was found that CCA cell lines overexpressed some cytokines and related molecules, including interleukin 25 (IL-25). In the present study, we first performed precise secretome analysis on cytokines and related molecules in CCA cell lines and identified that IL-25 was overexpressed in CCA cell lines. Then, using immunohistochemical methods, we investigated the expression of IL-25 in the cancer tissues from 20 CCA patients in Northeast Thailand. Correlation between IL-25 expression levels and patients' clinical parameters were analyzed. The results showed that IL-25 expression was significantly (P<0.0001) higher in cancerous tissues than in the normal bile ducts and in the adjacent tissues. Overexpression of IL-25 protein in CCA tissue was confirmed using western blot analysis. Moreover, IL-25 expression in cancerous tissues was significantly (P<0.0015) higher in CCA patients with metastasis than in CCA patients without metastasis. Survival analysis revealed that a high expression of IL-25 was correlated with shorter survival time of CCA patients (P=0.0260). Aberrant expression of IL-25 in CCA tissue was associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis, suggesting that IL-25 is a potential prognostic biomarker. Biological roles of IL-25 in CCA genesis and progression should be explored in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakit Kaewsarabhumi
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Doungdean Tummanatsakun
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngaimwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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52
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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53
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Corren J. New Targeted Therapies for Uncontrolled Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 7:1394-1403. [PMID: 31076057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have improved our understanding of molecular and cellular components involved in asthma and our ability to treat severe patients. An mAb directed against IgE (omalizumab) has become an established add-on therapy for patients with uncontrolled allergic asthma and mAbs specific for IL-5 (reslizumab, mepolizumab), IL-5R (benralizumab), and IL-4R (dupilumab) have been approved as add-on treatments for uncontrolled eosinophilic (type 2) asthma. While these medications have proven highly effective, some patients with severe allergic and/or eosinophilic asthma, as well as most patients with severe non-type-2 disease, have poorly controlled disease. Agents that have recently been evaluated in clinical trials include an antibody directed against thymic stromal lymphopoietin, small molecule antagonists to the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) and the receptor for stem cell factor on mast cells (KIT), and a DNA enzyme directed at GATA3. Antibodies to IL-33 and its receptor, ST2, are being evaluated in ongoing clinical studies. In addition, a number of antagonists directed against other potential targets are under consideration for future trials, including IL-25, IL-6, TNF-like ligand 1A, CD6, and activated cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). Clinical data from ongoing and future trials will be important in determining whether these new medications will offer benefits in place of or in addition to existing therapies for asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/immunology
- DNA, Catalytic/therapeutic use
- Eosinophils/immunology
- GATA3 Transcription Factor
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Indoleacetic Acids/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Omalizumab/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/immunology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Ribonucleases/therapeutic use
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Corren
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
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54
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Lee S, Han EH, Lim MK, Lee SH, Yu HJ, Lim YH, Kang S. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex Sensitivity In Vivo. J Med Food 2020; 23:1060-1069. [PMID: 32758004 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been extensively utilized as an herb to relieve phlegm. In this study, the effects of PG root extracts on airway inflammation and cough reflex were investigated, especially using fermented PG extracts (FPE) to increase an active compound, platycodin D by fermentation. FPE significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced asthma mice versus those of vehicle control. Moreover, in the BALF and the serum, FPE significantly reduced the concentration of IL-17E, a proinflammatory cytokine that causes TH2 immunity, including eosinophil amplification. It was also demonstrated that FPE might relieve inflammations through histological analysis of the lung separated from each mouse. Furthermore, in cough reflex guinea pigs induced by citric acid treatment, FPE treatment significantly reduced the number of coughs versus that of vehicle control, and consequently decreased cough reflex sensitivity. In addition, the total cell number and eosinophils significantly decreased in the BALF obtained from each guinea pig versus that of vehicle control. In in vitro study, pretreatment with FPE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Therefore, we demonstrated that FPE relieved airway inflammation and cough reflex sensitivity in vivo, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of iNOS and several proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that FPE might have a beneficial effect on respiratory health, and may be useful as a functional food to prevent respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lim
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Co., Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Jong Yu
- Research & Development Center, SKbioland Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongman Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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55
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Vella G, Lunding L, Ritzmann F, Honecker A, Herr C, Wegmann M, Bals R, Beisswenger C. The IL-17 receptor IL-17RE mediates polyIC-induced exacerbation of experimental allergic asthma. Respir Res 2020; 21:176. [PMID: 32641167 PMCID: PMC7346407 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is specific for the epithelial cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C). Asthma exacerbations are frequently caused by viral infections. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC) mimics viral infections through binding to pattern recognition receptors (e.g. TLR-3). We and others have shown that pIC induces the expression of IL-17C in airway epithelial cells. Using different mouse models, we aimed to investigate the function of IL-17RE in the development of experimental allergic asthma and acute exacerbation thereof. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and IL-17RE deficient (Il-17re-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce allergic airway inflammation. pIC or PBS were applied intranasally when allergic airway inflammation had been established. Pulmonary expression of inflammatory mediators, numbers of inflammatory cells, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were analyzed. RESULTS Ablation of IL-17RE did not affect the development of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and AHR. pIC induced inflammation independent of IL-17RE in the absence of allergic airway inflammation. Treatment of mice with pIC exacerbated pulmonary inflammation in sensitized and OVA-challenged mice in an IL-17RE-dependent manner. The pIC-induced expression of cytokines (e.g. keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)) and recruitment of neutrophils were decreased in Il-17re-/- mice. pIC-exacerbated AHR was partially decreased in Il-17re-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-17RE mediates virus-triggered exacerbations but does not have a function in the development of allergic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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56
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Wu K, Wang X, Keeler SP, Gerovac BJ, Agapov EV, Byers DE, Gilfillan S, Colonna M, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Must Partner with the Myeloid-Macrophage Lineage for Long-Term Postviral Lung Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1084-1101. [PMID: 32641386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are implicated in host defense and inflammatory disease, but these potential functional roles need more precise definition, particularly using advanced technologies to better target ILC2s and engaging experimental models that better manifest both acute infection and chronic, even lifelong, disease. In this study, we use a mouse model that applies an improved genetic definition of ILC2s via IL-7r-conditional Rora gene targeting and takes advantage of a distinct progression from acute illness to chronic disease, based on a persistent type 2 immune response to respiratory infection with a natural pathogen (Sendai virus). We first show that ILC2s are activated but are not required to handle acute illness after respiratory viral infection. In contrast, we find that this type of infection also activates ILC2s chronically for IL-13 production and consequent asthma-like disease traits that peak and last long after active viral infection is cleared. However, to manifest this type of disease, the Csf1-dependent myeloid-macrophage lineage is also active at two levels: first, at a downstream level, this lineage provides lung tissue macrophages (interstitial macrophages and tissue monocytes) that represent a major site of Il13 gene expression in the diseased lung; and second, at an upstream level, this same lineage is required for Il33 gene induction that is necessary to activate ILC2s for participation in disease at all, including IL-13 production. Together, these findings provide a revised scheme for understanding and controlling the innate immune response leading to long-term postviral lung diseases with features of asthma and related progressive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin J Gerovac
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eugene V Agapov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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57
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Abstract
Although, as the major organ of gas exchange, the lung is considered a nonlymphoid organ, an interconnected network of lung-resident innate cells, including epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells is crucial for its protection. These cells provide defense against a daily assault by airborne bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as prevent the development of cancer, allergy, and the outgrowth of commensals. Our understanding of this innate immune environment has recently changed with the discovery of a family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. All lack adaptive antigen receptors but can provide a substantial and rapid source of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13, and IL-17A or IL-22, respectively. Their ability to afford immediate protection to the lung and to influence subsequent adaptive immune responses highlights the importance of understanding ILC-regulated immunity for the design of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
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58
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Kumar V. Innate lymphoid cell and adaptive immune cell cross-talk: A talk meant not to forget. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:397-417. [PMID: 32557732 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mir0420-500rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells with phenotypical characters of lymphocytes but genotypically or functionally behave as typical innate immune cells. They have been classically divided into 3 groups (group 1 ILCs or ILC1s, group 2 ILCs or ILC2s, and group 3 ILCs or ILC3s). They serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens and allergens at mucosal surfaces. The adaptive immune response works effectively in association with innate immunity as innate immune cells serve as APCs to directly stimulate the adaptive immune cells (various sets of T and B cells). Additionally, innate immune cells also secrete various effector molecules, including cytokines or chemokines impacting the function, differentiation, proliferation, and reprogramming among adaptive immune cells to maintain immune homeostasis. Only superantigens do not require their processing by innate immune cells as they are recognized directly by T cells and B cells. Thus, a major emphasis of the current article is to describe the cross-talk between different ILCs and adaptive immune cells during different conditions varying from normal physiological situations to different infectious diseases to allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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59
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Liu X, Sun S, Liu D. IL-17D: A Less Studied Cytokine of IL-17 Family. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:618-623. [PMID: 32516792 DOI: 10.1159/000508255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family is a relatively new family of cytokines consisting of 6 related factors (IL-17A-IL-17F), while the receptor family consists of 5 members: IL-17RA-IL-17RE. IL-17A is the prototype member of this family, which is also the signature cytokine of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Th17 cells are involved in the development of autoimmune disease, inflammation, and tumors. Although IL-17D is similar to IL-17A in its ability to induce inflammatory cytokine production, there are fewer studies on IL-17D. Recently, the role of IL-17D in tumors and infections has attracted our attention. Some knowledge of function of IL-17D has been gained by studies using nonmammalian species. In this review, we introduce the structural characteristics, expression patterns, and biological characteristics of IL-17D along with its potential function in the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, China,
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60
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Wang F, Yin J, Lin Y, Zhang F, Liu X, Zhang G, Kong Y, Lu Z, Wu R, Wang N, Xing T, Qian Y. IL-17C has a pathogenic role in kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2020; 97:1219-1229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in both metabolic health and pathophysiology. Its expansion in obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity, with contributions to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Obesity prevalence is at an all-time high and is projected to be 50% in the United States by 2030. AT is home to a large variety of immune cells, which are critical to maintain normal tissue functions. For example, γδ T cells are fundamental for AT innervation and thermogenesis, and macrophages are required for recycling of lipids released by adipocytes. The expansion of visceral white AT promotes dysregulation of its immune cell composition and likely promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, which has been proposed to be the underlying cause for the complications of obesity. Interestingly, weight loss after obesity alters the AT immune compartment, which may account for the decreased risk of developing these complications. Recent technological advancements that allow molecular investigation on a single-cell level have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated heterogeneity in many organs and tissues. In this review, we will explore the heterogeneity of immune cells within the visceral white AT and their contributions to homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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62
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Li J, Wu J, Zhang M, Zheng Y. Dynamic changes of innate lymphoid cells in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and its association with clinical outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5099. [PMID: 32198366 PMCID: PMC7083894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has implicated the innate immune system in the causation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly identified members of the lymphoid lineage that are important effectors of innate immunity. The role of ILCs in STEMI has not been explored. We characterized the ILCs present in peripheral blood of 176 STEMI patients and 52 controls. Patients were followed up for up to 23 months. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of total ILCs and ILC1s were significantly increased compared with controls; contrary to ILC1s, the proportion of ILC2s among total ILCs decreased significantly during the acute phase of STEMI. ILC1s percentage was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). On multivariate Cox regression, the 3rd tertile of ILC1s was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with the 1st tertile (hazard ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval 1.56–3.27; P = 0.014). RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed increased expressions of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Moreover, as active factors secreted by ILC1s, levels of interleukin (IL)−12 and IL-18 were significantly increased in STEMI patients. Increased ILC1s in patients with STEMI was associated with poor outcomes. Our findings suggest that ILC1s may play an important role in STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Mehrabi Nasaba E, Athari S, Motlagh B, Athari S. Effects of oral administration of Ocimum basilicum on goblet cell hyperplasia and upstream cytokine gene expression in allergic asthma. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2019.02.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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64
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ILC2s in High Definition: Decoding the Logic of Tissue-Based Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mantani PT, Dunér P, Ljungcrantz I, Nilsson J, Björkbacka H, Fredrikson GN. ILC2 transfers to apolipoprotein E deficient mice reduce the lipid content of atherosclerotic lesions. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:47. [PMID: 31823769 PMCID: PMC6905041 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in hypercholesterolaemic mice protects against atherosclerosis while different ILC2 subsets have been described (natural, inflammatory) based on their suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and killer-cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) expression. The aim of the current study is to characterize the interleukin 25 (IL25)-induced splenic ILC2 population (Lin-CD45+IL17RB+ICOS+IL7raintermediate) and address its direct role in experimental atherosclerosis by its adoptive transfer to hypercholesterolaemic apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice. RESULTS Immunomagnetically enriched, FACS-sorted ILC2s from the spleens of IL-25 treated apoE-/- mice were stained for KLRG1 and ST2 directly upon cell obtainment or in vitro cell expansion for flow cytometric analysis. IL25-induced splenic ILC2s express high levels of both KLRG1 and ST2. However, both markers are downregulated upon in vitro cell expansion. In vitro expanded splenic ILC2s were intraperitoneally transferred to apoE-/- recipients on high fat diet. ApoE-/- mice that received in vitro expanded splenic ILC2s had decreased lipid content in subvalvular heart and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) plaques accompanied by increased peritoneal B1 cells, activated eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) as well as anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) immunoglobulin (Ig) M in plasma. CONCLUSIONS With the current data we designate the IL25-induced ILC2 population to decrease the lipid content of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice and we directly link the induction of B1 cells and the atheroprotective anti-PC IgM antibodies with ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni T Mantani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden. .,Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, CRC, Building 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden. .,Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Liao S, Tan KS, Bi M, Liao W, Chen Y, Hong H. IL-25: Regulator of Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Nasal Mucosa. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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67
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Critical Roles of Balanced Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1325181. [PMID: 31781671 PMCID: PMC6875018 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1325181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a recently identified subset of innate immune cells that are mainly localized to mucosa-associated tissues. Although they have not yet been fully characterized, they can generally be divided into ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. ILCs and their corresponding cytokines act as important mediators of the early stages of the immune response during inflammation, tissue repair, and the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Consequently, the dysregulation of ILC subsets might promote inflammation and cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these cells play an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the small intestine; however, their specific roles in mediating inflammation in this tissue and tumorigenesis remain unclear and controversial. In this review, we focus on recent progress that has helped to gain a better understanding of the role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Further focused research on the regulation and role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and pathology will help to reveal valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Interleukin 17 Receptor E (IL-17RE) and IL-17C Mediate the Recruitment of Neutrophils during Acute Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00329-19. [PMID: 31481409 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00329-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to lung injury in acute pneumococcal pneumonia. The interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is the functional receptor for the epithelial-derived cytokine IL-17C, which is known to mediate innate immune functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of IL-17RE/IL-17C to pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of acute Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Numbers of neutrophils and the expression levels of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were decreased in lungs of IL-17RE-deficient (Il-17re-/- ) mice infected with S. pneumoniae Numbers of alveolar macrophages rapidly declined in both wild-type (WT) and Il-17re-/- mice and recovered 72 h after infection. There were no clear differences in the elimination of bacteria and numbers of blood granulocytes between infected WT and Il-17re-/- mice. The fractions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) were significantly reduced in infected Il-17re-/- mice. Numbers of neutrophils were significantly reduced in lungs of mice deficient for IL-17C 24 h after infection with S. pneumoniae These data indicate that the IL-17C/IL-17RE axis promotes the recruitment of neutrophils without affecting the recovery of alveolar macrophages in the acute phase of S. pneumoniae lung infection.
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69
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McGeachy MJ, Cua DJ, Gaffen SL. The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease. Immunity 2019; 50:892-906. [PMID: 30995505 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of cytokines contains 6 structurally related cytokines, IL-17A through IL-17F. IL-17A, the prototypical member of this family, just passed the 25th anniversary of its discovery. Although less is known about IL-17B-F, IL-17A (commonly known as IL-17) has received much attention for its pro-inflammatory role in autoimmune disease. Over the past decade, however, it has become clear that the functions of IL-17 are far more nuanced than simply turning on inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that IL-17 has important context- and tissue-dependent roles in maintaining health during response to injury, physiological stress, and infection. Here, we discuss the functions of the IL-17 family, with a focus on the balance between the pathogenic and protective roles of IL-17 in cancer and autoimmune disease, including results of therapeutic blockade and novel aspects of IL-17 signal transduction regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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70
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He F, Liu H, Luo W. The PI3K-Akt-HIF-1α Pathway Reducing Nasal Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Nasal Polyposis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 100:NP43-NP49. [PMID: 31462074 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319857697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in the progression of inflammation and remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. However, the molecule mechanisms of HIF-1α activation and regulation of cytokine expressions, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and IL-17RB, in nasal polyposis are not clear. METHOD The IL-25 and IL-17RB levels in human nasal epithelial cells after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the proteins of HIF-1α and p-Akt were detected by Western blot method. Moreover, we evaluated the cytokine levels in the nasal mucosa of a murine model of nasal polyposis. RESULTS The levels of IL-25 and IL-17RB showed dose- and time-dependent release in response to LPS stimulation. The proteins of HIF-1α and p-Akt were both increased significantly after LPS stimulation. After inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the levels of IL-25 and IL-17RB and HIF-1α were decreased by LPS stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of PI3K or HIF-1α pathway could significantly reduce growth factor production and decrease nasal inflammation. The HIF-1α pathway could be a novel therapeutic approach for reducing nasal airway inflammation and remodeling in nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 196539Bayi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaigang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 196539Bayi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nagakumar P, Puttur F, Gregory LG, Denney L, Fleming L, Bush A, Lloyd CM, Saglani S. Pulmonary type-2 innate lymphoid cells in paediatric severe asthma: phenotype and response to steroids. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:1801809. [PMID: 31164437 PMCID: PMC6713888 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01809-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) have poor control despite maximal treatment, while those with difficult asthma (DA) have poor control from failure to implement basic management, including adherence to therapy. Although recognised as clinically distinct, the airway molecular phenotype, including the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their response to steroids in DA and STRA is unknown.Immunophenotyping of sputum and blood ILCs and T-cells from STRA, DA and non-asthmatic controls was undertaken. Leukocytes were analysed longitudinally pre- and post-intramuscular triamcinolone in children with STRA. Cultured ILCs were evaluated to assess steroid responsiveness in vitroAirway eosinophils, type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells and ILC2s were significantly higher in STRA patients compared to DA and disease controls, while IL-17+ lymphoid cells were similar. ILC2s and Th2 cells were significantly reduced in vivo following intramuscular triamcinolone and in vitro with steroids. Furthermore, asthma attacks and symptoms reduced after systemic steroids despite persistence of steroid-resistant IL-17+ cells and eosinophils.Paediatric STRA and DA have distinct airway molecular phenotypes with STRA characterised by elevated type-2 cells. Systemic corticosteroids, but not maintenance inhaled steroids resulted in improved symptom control and exacerbations concomitant with a reduction in functional ILC2s despite persistently elevated IL-17+ lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Nagakumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Denney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Fleming
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
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Combined Exposure of Activated Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Nondigestible Oligosaccharides and CpG-ODN Suppresses Th2-Associated CCL22 Release While Enhancing Galectin-9, TGF β, and Th1 Polarization. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8456829. [PMID: 31427886 PMCID: PMC6683774 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8456829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) and CpG-ODN affect intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Epithelial IL1α may contribute to allergic sensitization via autocrine mediator release affecting dendritic cells (DC). We studied whether IL1α contributes to Th2-associated mediator release by activated IEC and IEC/DC cocultures and possible modulation by scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN. Methods Solid phase or transwell cultured IEC were preincubated with IL1α and/or IFNγ/TNFα for 6 h. The transwell IEC were also apically exposed to scGOS/lcFOS±CpG-ODN for 6 h, washed, and re-exposed, while cocultured with immature moDC (ccDC) for 48 h. These ccDC were subsequently added to allogeneic naïve T cells (MLR). IEC- and/or DC-derived mediators and T cell cytokines were measured. Results IL1α tended to enhance IL25 and enhanced IL33 and CCL20 release by IEC, while IL1α or TNFα or IFNγ enhanced CCL22. These were all further increased upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α coinciding with increased IL33 secretion in the solid phase culture. In the transwell, IL25 and IL33 remained under detection, while CCL20 and CCL22 were induced by IL1α or IFNγ/TNFα, respectively, and a synergistic increase was observed upon combined exposure of IFNγ/TNFα and IL1α. Furthermore, IFNγ was found to enhance galectin-9 secretion, which was more pronounced in IFNγ/TNFα±IL1α-exposed IEC and coincided with TGFβ increase. Epithelial CpG-ODN exposure further increased CCL20, while reducing CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC; however, scGOS/lcFOS suppressed both. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN reduced CCL22, while CCL20 and regulatory galectin-9 and TGFβ remained high in the supernatant of IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC and the following IEC/DC coculture. ccDC of scGOS/lcFOS- and CpG-ODN-exposed IFNγ/TNFα/IL1α-activated IEC increased IFNγ, IL10, TGFβ, and galectin-9 secretion in the MLR compared to ccDC exposed to control-activated IEC. Conclusion IL1α enhanced CCL20 and Th2-associated CCL22 release by IFNγ/TNFα-activated IEC. Combined scGOS/lcFOS and CpG-ODN exposure suppressed CCL22, while maintaining high CCL20, TGFβ, and galectin-9 concentrations. In addition, ccDC derived from this IEC/DC coculture enhanced Th1 and regulatory mediator secretion mimicking known in vivo effects.
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IL-17C-mediated innate inflammation decreases the response to PD-1 blockade in a model of Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10353. [PMID: 31316109 PMCID: PMC6637115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with neutrophilic lung inflammation and CD8 T cell exhaustion and is an important risk factor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical response to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade in NSCLC patients is variable and likely affected by a coexisting COPD. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C) promotes lung inflammation and is present in human lung tumors. Here, we used a Kras-driven lung cancer model to examine the function of IL-17C in inflammation-promoted tumor growth. Genetic ablation of Il-17c resulted in a decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells into the tumor microenvironment, a decreased expression of tumor-promoting cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6 (IL-6)), and a reduced tumor proliferation in the presence of Haemophilus influenzae- (NTHi) induced COPD-like lung inflammation. Chronic COPD-like inflammation was associated with the expression of PD-1 in CD8 lymphocytes and the membrane expression of the programmed death ligand (PD-L1) independent of IL-17C. Tumor growth was decreased in Il-17c deficient mice but not in wildtype mice after anti-PD-1 treatment. Our results suggest that strategies targeting innate immune mechanisms, such as blocking of IL-17C, may improve the response to anti-PD-1 treatment in lung cancer patients.
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Hu X, He Z, Jiang P, Wang K, Guo J, Zhao C, Cao Y, Zhang N, Fu Y. Neutralization of Interleukin-17A Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis by Inhibiting Neutrophil Infiltration and the Inflammatory Response. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:577-584. [PMID: 31313943 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis has been recognized as a common and major disease of cows with a strong impact on dairy farming. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been shown to mediate crucial crosstalk between the immune system and various epithelial tissues, initiating a series of defensive mechanisms against bacterial and fungal infections. This crosstalk is especially involved in neutrophil infiltration. To evaluate the role of IL-17A in immune defense in the mammary gland in mice, we tested the effects of depleting IL-17A on changes in pathology, neutrophil infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the mammary gland stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further, the effects of IL-17A on the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway during mastitis induced by LPS were also studied. The results showed that the production of IL-17A was significantly elevated during mastitis induced by LPS. IL-17A blockade via an intraperitoneal antibody injection protected against LPS-induced mastitis, as indicated by decreased neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and NF-κB signaling pathway molecule phosphorylation in response to LPS. In conclusion, an elevated IL-17 level plays a crucial role during mastitis, and anti-IL-17A antibody blockade protects against LPS-induced mammary gland inflammation induced through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides a new potential treatment target for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
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Atopic Dermatitis and Type 2 Immune Deviation. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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76
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Yu S, Leung KM, Kim HY, Umetsu SE, Xiao Y, Albacker LA, Lee HJ, Umetsu DT, Freeman GJ, DeKruyff RH. Blockade of RGMb inhibits allergen-induced airways disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:94-108.e11. [PMID: 30703386 PMCID: PMC8088837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma causes morbidity in many subjects, and novel precision-directed treatments would be valuable. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the role of a novel innate molecule, repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), in murine models of allergic asthma. METHODS In models of allergic asthma using ovalbumin or cockroach allergen, mice were treated with anti-RGMb or control mAb and examined for airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. The mechanisms by which RGMb causes airways disease were also examined. RESULTS We found that blockade of RGMb by treatment with anti-RGMb mAb effectively blocked the development of airway inflammation and AHR. Importantly, blockade of RGMb completely blocked the development of airway inflammation and AHR, even if treatment occurred only during the challenge (effector) phase. IL-25 played an important role in these models of asthma because IL-25 receptor-deficient mice did not develop disease after sensitization and challenge with allergen. RGMb was expressed primarily by innate cells in the lungs, including bronchial epithelial cells (known producers of IL-25), activated eosinophils, and interstitial macrophages, which in the inflamed lung expressed the IL-25 receptor and produced IL-5 and IL-13. We also found that neogenin, the canonical receptor for RGMb, was expressed by interstitial macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells in the inflamed lung, suggesting that an innate RGMb-neogenin axis might modulate allergic asthma. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate an important role for a novel innate pathway in regulating type 2 inflammation in patients with allergic asthma involving RGMb and RGMb-expressing cells, such as interstitial macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, targeting this previously unappreciated innate pathway might provide an important treatment option for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Krystle M Leung
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sarah E Umetsu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Yanping Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lee A Albacker
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Immunology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Dale T Umetsu
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Rosemarie H DeKruyff
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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Krabbendam L, Bal SM, Spits H, Golebski K. New insights into the function, development, and plasticity of type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:74-85. [PMID: 30294969 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the most well defined group of ILCs. ILC2 development is controlled by the GATA-3 transcription factor and these cells produce archetypal type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13. These cytokines mediate parasite expulsion and tissue repair, but also contribute to type 2 inflammatory diseases, including allergy, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. In response to tightly regulated local environmental cues ILCs can generate characteristics of other subtypes, a process known as plasticity. Recent advances in the ILC2 field has led to the discovery that ILC2s can promptly shift to functional IFN-γ-producing ILC1s or IL-17-producing ILC3s, depending on the cytokines and chemokines produced by antigen presenting cells or epithelial cells. Due to yet unknown triggers, this complex network of signals may become dysregulated. In this review, we will discuss general ILC characteristic, ILC2 development, plasticity, memory function, and implications in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Krabbendam
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam-UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam-UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam-UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam-UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wallrapp A, Riesenfeld SJ, Burkett PR, Kuchroo VK. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the induction and resolution of tissue inflammation. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:53-73. [PMID: 30294962 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity against pathogens is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate inflammatory responses that clear infection and prevent excessive tissue damage. Recent research has shown that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to steady-state tissue integrity and exert tissue-specific functions. However, upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, they also initiate and amplify type 2 inflammation by inducing mucus production, eosinophilia, and Th2 differentiation. In this review, we discuss the regulation of ILC2 activation by transcription factors and metabolic pathways, as well as by extrinsic signals such as cytokines, lipid mediators, hormones, and neuropeptides. We also review recent discoveries about ILC2 plasticity and heterogeneity in different tissues, as revealed partly through single-cell RNA sequencing of transcriptional responses to various stimuli. Understanding the tissue-specific pathways that regulate ILC2 diversity and function is a critical step in the development of potential therapies for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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79
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Tang D, Wu S, Luo K, Yuan H, Gao W, Zhu D, Zhang W, Xu Q. Sequence characterization and expression pattern analysis of six kinds of IL-17 family genes in the Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:257-270. [PMID: 30922887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is an important cytokine that plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and host defense against extracellular pathogens. In the present study, six novel IL-17 family genes (MaIL-17) were identified by analyzing Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) genome. Sequence analysis revealed that the MaIL-17 family genes shared similar features, comprising a signal peptide, an IL-17 superfamily region, and four conserved cysteines. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MaIL-17 genes were clustered together with their corresponding IL-17 genes from other species. The similarity and identity of all IL-17 family genes indicated that the MaIL-17 genes are conserved among teleosts, while Ma-IL-17D is more conserved than the other Ma-IL-17s. Except for MaIL-17A/F3 and MaIL-17D, all MaIL-17s shared the same genomic structure as the genes from other fish, namely three exons and two introns. The MaIL-17s showed conserved synteny among fish, and we found that the MaIL-17D locus has a more conserved syntenic relationship with the loci from other fish and humans. These results demonstrated that MaIL-17D and human IL-17D might have evolved from a common ancestral gene and subsequently diverged. The analysis of swamp eel reference genes revealed that EEF1A1 (encoding eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1) was an ideal reference gene for accurate real-time qRT-PCR normalization in the swamp eel. The MaIL-17 genes are widely distributed throughout tissues, suggesting that MaIL-17s carry out their biological functions in immune and non-immune tissues compartments. The transcript of Ma-IL17s exhibited different fold changes in head kidney cells in response to Aeromonas veronii phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge, showing that MaIL-17A/F1 has stronger antiviral activities compared with other MaIL-17 family genes, and that MaIL-17A/F3 and MaIL-17A/F2 possess stronger effects against extracellular pathogens compared with the others; however, MaIL-17C2 and MaIL-17D may play vital roles during pathogen infection. The differential immune responses of these genes to Aeromonas veronii, PMA and poly I:C implied distinct mechanisms of host defense against extracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Shipei Wu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Dashi Zhu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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80
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Mediators of the homeostasis and effector functions of memory Th2 cells as novel drug targets in intractable chronic allergic diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:754-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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81
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Evasovic JM, Singer CA. Regulation of IL-17A and implications for TGF-β1 comodulation of airway smooth muscle remodeling in severe asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L843-L868. [PMID: 30810068 PMCID: PMC6589583 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00416.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma develops as a result of heightened, persistent symptoms that generally coincide with pronounced neutrophilic airway inflammation. In individuals with severe asthma, symptoms are poorly controlled by high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids and often lead to elevated morbidity and mortality rates that underscore the necessity for novel drug target identification that overcomes limitations in disease management. Many incidences of severe asthma are mechanistically associated with T helper 17 (TH17) cell-derived cytokines and immune factors that mediate neutrophilic influx to the airways. TH17-secreted interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is an independent risk factor for severe asthma that impacts airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling. TH17-derived cytokines and diverse immune mediators further interact with structural cells of the airway to induce pathophysiological processes that impact ASM functionality. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pivotal mediator involved in airway remodeling that correlates with enhanced TH17 activity in individuals with severe asthma and is essential to TH17 differentiation and IL-17A production. IL-17A can also reciprocally enhance activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathways, whereas combined TH1/TH17 or TH2/TH17 immune responses may additively impact asthma severity. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of cytokine-driven T cell fate determination and TH17-mediated airway inflammation. It will further review the evidence demonstrating the extent to which IL-17A interacts with various immune factors, specifically TGF-β1, to contribute to ASM remodeling and altered function in TH17-driven endotypes of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Evasovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
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82
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Shen W, Qiu Y, Li J, Wu C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Liao Y, Wang H. IL-25 promotes cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway to increase of major vault protein. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3491-3501. [PMID: 31044552 PMCID: PMC6601590 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As an inflammatory factor, IL‐25 has been studied in variouscancers, but it is rarely reported in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Major vault protein (MVP), as a gene associated with lung multidrug resistance, is associated with multiple chemotherapy resistances of lung cancer. However, the relationship between IL‐25 and MVP in lung cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, we found that both IL‐25 and MVP were elevated expressed in cisplatin‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549/CDDP). Silencing of IL‐25 resulted in down‐regulation of MVP expression and reduced cisplatin tolerance of A549/CDDP cells. Overexpression of IL‐25 resulted in increase of MVP expression and the cisplatin tolerance in A549 cells. In addition, we found that the extracellular IL‐25 could stimulate the expression of MVP and activate the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Further, animal models also confirmed that IL‐25 reduced the sensitivity of xenografts to chemotherapy. Taken together, we believe that the up‐regulation of IL‐25 induces MVP expression contributing to chemotherapy resistances of lung cancer cells. Our findings suggest that interference the expression of IL‐25 might be potential treatment strategies for the clinical reversing the chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Vasculocardiology Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- The Institute of Burn Research, South-West Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- The Institute of Burn Research, South-West Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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83
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Löser S, Smith KA, Maizels RM. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Helminth Infections-Obligatory or Accessory? Front Immunol 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31024526 PMCID: PMC6467944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ILCs burst onto the immunological scene with their involvement in bacterial and helminth infections. As their influence has emerged, it has become clear that they play a fundamental role in regulating barrier tissue homeostasis and the immune response during inflammation. A subset of ILCs, ILC2s, has become the focus of attention for many helminth biologists-stepping into the limelight as both the elusive initiator and amplifier of the type-2 response. In many of the early reports, conclusions as to their function were based on experiments using unadapted parasites or immune-compromised hosts. In this review we re-examine the generation and function of type-2 ILCs in helminth infection and the extent to which their roles may be essential or redundant, in both primary and challenge infections. ILC2s will be discussed in terms of a broader innate network, which when in dialogue with adaptive immunity, allows the generation of the anti-parasite response. Finally, we will review how helminths manipulate ILC2 populations to benefit their survival, as well as dampen systemic inflammation in the host, and how this understanding may be used to improve strategies to control disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Smith
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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84
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A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 is required for ILC2 responses to IL-33. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:723-728. [PMID: 30926166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in the initiation of type-2 immune responses. Numerous targets have been identified that may activate or repress ILC2 function, though few negative regulatory feedback pathways induced upon activation have been shown to be operative in ILC2s. Here we demonstrate that loss of ADAM17 from ILC2s results in a selective defect in IL-33 responsiveness, but not IL-25 responsiveness. We find that IL1R2 is significantly upregulated at both the transcript and protein level in IL-33 activated ILC2s. We are also able to demonstrate that ADAM17 regulates IL1R2 levels on ILC2s in both a constitutive and activation induced manner. Additionally, IL1R2+ ILC2s, a unique subset of ILC2s, have decreased Il5 and Il13 transcripts following IL-33 stimulation. Overall, these data suggest that the expression of IL1R2 may act as an activation-induced negative regulatory feedback mechanism to decrease ILC2 responsiveness to IL-33.
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85
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Zhang Y, Li L, Qi C, Hua S, Fei X, Gong F, Fang M. Glycyrrhizin alleviates Con A-induced hepatitis by differentially regulating the production of IL-17 and IL-25. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:692-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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86
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Hernández PP, Strzelecka PM, Athanasiadis EI, Hall D, Robalo AF, Collins CM, Boudinot P, Levraud JP, Cvejic A. Single-cell transcriptional analysis reveals ILC-like cells in zebrafish. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaau5265. [PMID: 30446505 PMCID: PMC6258902 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important mediators of the immune response and homeostasis in barrier tissues of mammals. However, the existence and function of ILCs in other vertebrates are poorly understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a comprehensive atlas of zebrafish lymphocytes during tissue homeostasis and after immune challenge. We profiled 14,080 individual cells from the gut of wild-type zebrafish, as well as of rag1-deficient zebrafish that lack T and B cells, and discovered populations of ILC-like cells. We uncovered a rorc-positive subset of ILCs that could express cytokines associated with type 1, 2, and 3 responses upon immune challenge. Specifically, these ILC-like cells expressed il22 and tnfa after exposure to inactivated bacteria or il13 after exposure to helminth extract. Cytokine-producing ILC-like cells express a specific repertoire of novel immune-type receptors, likely involved in recognition of environmental cues. We identified additional novel markers of zebrafish ILCs and generated a cloud repository for their in-depth exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P Hernández
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Paulina M Strzelecka
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic Hall
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana F Robalo
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
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87
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Miller D, Motomura K, Garcia-Flores V, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N. Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Maternal and Fetal Compartments. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2396. [PMID: 30416502 PMCID: PMC6212529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy success is orchestrated by the complex balance between the maternal and fetal immune systems. Herein, we summarize the potential role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the maternal and fetal compartments. We reviewed published literature describing different ILC subsets [ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells] in the uterus, decidua, fetal tissues [liver, secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), intestine, and lung] and amniotic cavity. ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s are present in the murine uterus prior to and during pregnancy but have only been detected in the non-pregnant endometrium in humans. Specifically, ILC2s reside in the murine uterus from mid-pregnancy to term, ILC1s increase throughout gestation, and ILC3s remain constant. Yet, LTi cells have only been detected in the non-pregnant murine uterus. In the human decidua, ILC1s, ILC3s, and LTi-like cells are more abundant during early gestation, whereas ILC2s increase at the end of pregnancy. Decidual ILC1s were also detected during mid-gestation in mice. Interestingly, functional decidual ILC2s and ILC3s increased in women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor, indicating the involvement of such cells in this pregnancy complication. Fetal ILCs exist in the liver, SLO, intestine, lung, and amniotic cavity. The fetal liver is thought to be the source of ILC progenitors since the differentiation of these cells from hematopoietic stem cells occurs at this site, and mature ILC subsets can be found in this compartment as well. The interaction between LTi cells and specialized stromal cells is important during the formation of SLO. Mature ILCs are found at the mucosal surfaces of the lung and intestine, from where they can extravasate into the amniotic cavity. Amniotic fluid ILCs express high levels of RORγt, CD161, and CD103, hallmarks of ILC3s. Such cells are more abundant in the second trimester than later in gestation. Although amniotic fluid ILC3s produce IL-17A and TNFα, indicating their functionality, their numbers in patients with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation remain unchanged compared to those without this pregnancy complication. Collectively, these findings suggest that maternal (uterine and decidual) ILCs play central roles in both the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy, and fetal ILCs participate in the development of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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88
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Zhu L, Ciaccio CE, Casale TB. Potential new targets for drug development in severe asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:30. [PMID: 30386455 PMCID: PMC6203275 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing recognition of varying asthma phenotypes that impact treatment response. This has led to the development of biological therapies targeting specific immune cells and cytokines in the inflammatory cascade. Currently, there are two primary asthma phenotypes, Type 2 hi and Type 2 lo, which are defined by eosinophilic and neutrophilic/pauci- granulocytic pattern of inflammation respectively. Most biologics focus on Type 2 hi asthma, including all four biologics approved for treatment of uncontrolled asthma in the United States — omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. Potential new targets for drug development are being investigated, such as IL-13, IL-4α receptor, CRTH2, TSLP, IL-25, IL-13, IL-17A receptor, and CXCR2/IL-8. This review will discuss the role of these molecules on the inflammatory response in uncontrolled asthma and the emerging biologics that address them. Through the delineation of distinct immunological mechanisms in severe asthma, targeted biologics are promising new therapies that have the potential to improve asthma control and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhu
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore Health System, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Christina E Ciaccio
- Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore Health System, Chicago, IL USA.,3Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 5042, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Thomas B Casale
- 4Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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89
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The roles of IL-17C in T cell-dependent and -independent inflammatory diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15750. [PMID: 30356086 PMCID: PMC6200819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17C, which is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, is preferentially produced by epithelial cells in the lung, skin and colon, suggesting that IL-17C may be involved in not only host defense but also inflammatory diseases in those tissues. In support of that, IL-17C was demonstrated to contribute to development of T cell-dependent imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis and T cell-independent dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis using mice deficient in IL-17C and/or IL-17RE, which is a component of the receptor for IL-17C. However, the roles of IL-17C in other inflammatory diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the contributions of IL-17C to development of certain disease models using Il17c−/− mice, which we newly generated. Those mice showed normal development of T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases such as FITC- and DNFB-induced contact dermatitis/contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and concanavalin A-induced hepatitis, and T cell-independent inflammatory diseases such as bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, papain-induced airway eosinophilia and LPS-induced airway neutrophilia. On the other hand, those mice were highly resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock, indicating that IL-17C is crucial for protection against that immunological reaction. Therefore, IL-17C neutralization may represent a novel therapeutic approach for sepsis, in addition to psoriasis and acute colitis.
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90
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Genome-wide identification of interleukin-17 (IL17) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its expression following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Gene 2018; 686:68-75. [PMID: 30342169 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL17) family cytokines are well known for having pro-inflammatory actions as important mediators of mucosal immune responses and are tightly regulated by various kinds of signals. However, most studies of IL17 genes have focused on mammals, and much less is known about IL17 genes in fish species. To better understand the scope and actions of the IL17 gene family in common carp, we characterized seven IL17 gene homologs from genomic and transcriptomic databases that could be classified into three subclasses according to different comparative genomic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most IL17s are highly conserved, though recent gene duplication and gene loss events do exist. Through observation, we found that IL17D has undergone gene duplication in common carp and that all the IL17E genes were lost in vertebrates except mammals. The expression patterns of IL17 genes in common carp were examined during early developmental stages and in various healthy tissues, and the results indicated that most IL17 genes are ubiquitously expressed during early development and show particular tissue-specific expression in various healthy tissues, with relatively high levels in the spleen, liver, and kidney. To gain insights into the mucosal actions of inflammatory processes, the expression profiles of IL17 genes in gills from common carp were investigated after experimental challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. After A. hydrophila infection, most IL17 genes were upregulated at 4 h postinfection in the gill and then gradually declined, while IL17A/F2 and IL17N were generally upregulated at 12 h postinfection, and IL17D2 maintained an increasing tendency. In contrast, IL17D showed the third phenomenon, rising expression, suggesting that immunogenes have different response strategies to bacterial invasion. Overall, the expression of IL17 in unstimulated tissues and toxicity attack test results demonstrated that these genes play critical roles under normal conditions and during bacterial infection. Moreover, this common carp IL17 gene family research provides a genomic resource for future studies on IL17 gene evolution, fish disease management and immune regulation.
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91
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Biological Properties and the Role of IL-25 in Disease Pathogenesis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6519465. [PMID: 30345318 PMCID: PMC6174801 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6519465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin- (IL-) 17 superfamily, a T cell-derived cytokine, consists of 6 ligands (IL-17A-IL-17F) and 5 receptors (IL-17RA-IL-17RE). IL-17A, a prototype member of this family, is involved in the pathogenesis of allergies, autoimmune diseases, allograft transplantations, and malignancies. By contrast, IL-17B is reported to be closely related to certain diseases, particularly tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Recently, the biological function of IL-17E (also called IL-25) in disease, particularly airway diseases, has attracted the attention of researchers. However, studies on IL-25 are scant. In this review, we detail the structural characteristics, expression patterns, responder cells, biological properties, and role of IL-25 in disease pathogenesis.
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92
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Smith KA, Löser S, Varyani F, Harcus Y, McSorley HJ, McKenzie AN, Maizels RM. Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion. eLife 2018; 7:38269. [PMID: 30238872 PMCID: PMC6173579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a major 'alarmin' cytokine, capable of initiating and amplifying the type immune response to helminth parasites. However, its role in the later effector phase of clearing chronic infection remains unclear. The helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes long-term infections in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but is slowly expelled in BALB/c mice from day 14 onwards. We noted that IL-25R (Il17rb)-deficient BALB/c mice were unable to expel parasites despite type 2 immune activation comparable to the wild-type. We then established that in C57BL/6 mice, IL-25 adminstered late in infection (days 14-17) drove immunity. Moreover, when IL-25 and IL-4 were delivered to Rag1-deficient mice, the combination resulted in near complete expulsion of the parasite, even following administration of an anti-CD90 antibody to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Hence, effective anti-helminth immunity during chronic infection requires an innate effector cell population that is synergistically activated by the combination of IL-4Rα and IL-25R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Smith
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fumi Varyani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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93
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Xin L, Gao J, Ge X, Tian C, Ma W, Tian Z, Zheng X, Hou J. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine-secreting regulatory T cells are correlated with the plasticity of T helper cell differentiation and reflect disease status in asthma. Respir Med 2018; 143:129-138. [PMID: 30261984 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous population which consists of three distinct subpopulations: CD25+CD45RA+ resting Treg (rTreg) cells; CD25hiCD45RA- activated Treg (aTreg) cells, which are both suppressive; and CD25+CD45RA- cytokine-secreting T cells with pro-inflammatory capacity. OBJECTIVE We investigated variation in peripheral Treg subpopulations of asthma and explored their potential roles in asthma inflammation. METHODS Twenty-eight mild asthma patients, 26 moderate asthma patients, 18 severe asthma patients, and 36 healthy controls were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Phenotyping of peripheral CD4+ Tregs was performed based on flow cytometry results. RESULTS The proportions of rTreg and aTreg cells among CD4+ T cells were higher in mild and moderate asthma patients than in healthy controls. All three groups of asthmatics had a higher proportion of pro-inflammatory Tregs than healthy controls, and these increased with asthma severity. The proportion of IL-17-producing Foxp3+ cells and IFN-ɤ-producing Foxp3+ cells strongly correlated with T helper 17 (Th17) cells (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and Th1 cells (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). The pro-inflammatory Treg subpopulation was correlated with the severity of asthma and may be insensitive to corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pro-inflammatory Treg subpopulations may be relevant to the plasticity of Th17 and Th1 differentiation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xin
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiahui Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Weirong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiwei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
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94
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Omori N, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Taniguchi J, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of the polymorphisms in Th2 chemotaxis-related genes with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J 2018; 65:815-826. [PMID: 29848886 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is difficult to predict. Th2 cells suppress the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, which are associated with the prognosis of AITD. However, there are few reports as to whether Th2 chemotaxis-related genes, such as CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), IL-25, TARC/CCL17 (Thymus and activation regulated chemokine/chemokine ligand 17) or STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), affect the pathology of and/or susceptibility to AITD. Therefore, in this study, we genotyped functional SNPs in these genes to clarify the association of the genetic differences of genes related to Th2 differentiation and chemotaxis with the development and the prognosis of AITDs. The frequencies of the AA genotype of the CRTH2 rs545659 SNP and the CC genotype and the C allele of the CRTH2 rs634681 SNP were higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD. The frequency of the CC genotype in the TARC rs223828 SNP was higher in patients with intractable GD than in patients with GD in remission. In conclusion, the CRTH2 rs545659 and rs634681 SNPs were associated with the severity of HD, and the TARC/CCL17 rs223828 SNP was associated with the intractability of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Omori
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junpei Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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95
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Han S, Ma C, Bao L, Lv L, Huang M. miR-146a Mimics Attenuate Allergic Airway Inflammation by Impacted Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in an Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma Mouse Model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:302-310. [PMID: 30134242 DOI: 10.1159/000491438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic asthma has increased dramatically. Previous studies have found that the microRNA 146a (miR-146a) expression in asthma inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bronchial smooth muscle cells. We aimed to investigate the effect of miR-146a mimics on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in a mouse model. METHODS Inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by flow cytometry. Levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum and cytokines in BALF were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For monitoring the airway, the Penh value (% baseline) was measured using a whole-body plethysmograph. RESULTS In OVA-induced asthmatic mice, miR-146a significantly suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells in BALF and decreased the levels of OVA-specific IgE and T helper 2 cell type cytokines. In addition, miR-146a inhibited the OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and the group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses. Moreover, the effects of miR-146a mimics were dependent on interleukin 33 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that miR-146a mimics might serve as an attractive candidate for further preclinical studies as an anti-inflammatory treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing,
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96
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Bartemes KR, Kita H. Innate and adaptive immune responses to fungi in the airway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:353-363. [PMID: 30080527 PMCID: PMC6083885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous outdoors and indoors. Exposure, sensitization, or both to fungi are strongly associated with development of asthma and allergic airway diseases. Furthermore, global climate change will likely increase the prevalence of fungi and enhance their antigenicity. Major progress has been made during the past several years regarding our understanding of antifungal immunity. Fungi contain cell-wall molecules, such as β-glucan and chitin, and secrete biologically active proteases and glycosidases. Airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, are equipped with cell-surface molecules that react to these fungal products, resulting in production of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators. As a result, the adaptive arm of antifungal immunity, including TH1-, TH2-, and TH17-type CD4+ T cells, is established, reinforcing protection against fungal infection and causing detrimental immunopathology in certain subjects. We are only in the beginning stages of understanding the complex biology of fungi and detailed mechanisms of how they activate the immune response that can protect against or drive diseases in human subjects. Here we describe our current understanding with an emphasis on airway allergic immune responses. The gaps in our knowledge and desirable future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bartemes
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
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97
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Sputum interleukin-25 correlates with asthma severity: a preliminary study. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:462-469. [PMID: 30429702 PMCID: PMC6232538 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.71428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin 25 is an epithelial-derived cytokine associated with allergic Th2 inflammation. However, little is known about the role of IL-25 in different asthma phenotypes and its relationship with disease severity. Aim To evaluate and compare the mRNA and protein expression of IL-25 in patients with mild-to moderate/severe asthma and cough variant asthma (CVA). Material and methods Thirty-eight patients with stable asthma (11 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, 14 patients with severe asthma and 13 patients with CVA) and 14 control subjects were enrolled. IL-25 protein concentration was measured in induced sputum (IS) supernatants by ELISA and IL-25 mRNA expression was evaluated in IS cells by real time PCR. Results No differences in IS IL-25 mRNA and IL-25 concentration between controls and the whole asthma group were found. In the detailed analysis, a lower IL-25 mRNA expression in sputum cells was observed in severe asthma compared to CVA and controls. IL-25 protein concentration in sputum supernatants was elevated in patients with severe asthma compared to controls, CVA and mild-to-moderate asthma. A sputum IL-25 level was increased in atopic vs. non-atopic asthma patients. The elevated IL-25 mRNA expression and protein concentration was associated with a lower eosinophil and higher neutrophil percentage in asthmatic airways. Conclusions Our results suggest that IL-25 is particularly associated with severe asthma. The relationship between IL-25 and neutrophilic airway inflammation suggests the pleiotropic role of IL-25 in the immune response in this disease.
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98
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Shibue Y, Kimura S, Kajiwara C, Iwakura Y, Yamaguchi K, Tateda K. Role of interleukin-17 in a murine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:33-39. [PMID: 30026066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a key member of the Th17 cytokines and has been reported to be involved in the pathomechanisms underlying various diseases, including infectious diseases. Infections with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have garnered worldwide attention, and the representative USA300 strain is known to cause pneumonia in healthy people, which can be lethal. However, little is known about the role of IL-17 in CA-MRSA pneumonia. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in a CA-MRSA pneumonia animal model. Mortality was higher and occurred at an earlier stage of infection in the IL-17A-knockout mice than in the wild-type (P < 0.01) and IL-17A/F-knockout mice (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference in the intrapulmonary bacterial counts was observed among the three groups of mice. Moreover, the IL-17A-knockout group showed significantly higher levels of IL-17F and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and a significantly higher neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than the other groups. These results confirmed that G-CSF expression significantly increased, and significant neutrophilic inflammation occurred under conditions of IL-17A deficiency in the murine CA-MRSA pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibue
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keizo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
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99
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Innate lymphoid cells: key players in tissue-specific immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:315-317. [PMID: 29951905 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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100
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Pavlov O, Selutin A, Pavlova O, Selkov S. Macrophages are a source of IL-17 in the human placenta. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13016. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pavlov
- Department of Immunology and Cell Interaction; D.O. Ott Research Institute for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Aleksandr Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Interaction; D.O. Ott Research Institute for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Oksana Pavlova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergei Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Cell Interaction; D.O. Ott Research Institute for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction; St. Petersburg Russia
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