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Functional Analysis of Promoters from Three Subtypes of the PI3K Family and Their Roles in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Insulin in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010265. [PMID: 29337882 PMCID: PMC5796211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the length of 360, 1848 and 367 bp sequences of promoters from three subtypes of PI3K family (PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3) of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were cloned and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 had different structures in their core promoter regions. The promoter regions of PI3KCa and PI3KC2b had CpG islands but no CAAT and TATA box. In contrast, the promoter of PI3KC3 had the canonical TATA and CAAT box but no CpG island. The binding sites of several transcription factors, such as HNF1, STAT and NF-κB, were predicted on PI3KCa promoter. The binding sites of transcription factors, such as FOXO1, PPAR-RXR, STAT, IK1, HNF6 and HNF3, were predicted on PI3KC2b promoter and the binding sites of FOXO1 and STAT transcription factors were predicted on PI3KC3 promoter. Deletion analysis indicated that these transcriptional factors were the potential regulators to mediate the activities of their promoters. Subsequent mutation analysis and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that HNF1 and IK1 directly bound with PI3KCa and PI3KC2b promoters and negatively regulated the activities of PI3KCa and PI3KC2b promoters, respectively. Conversely, FOXO1 directly bound with the PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 promoters and positively regulated their promoter activities. In addition, AS1842856 (AS, a potential FOXO1 inhibitor) incubation significantly reduced the relative luciferase activities of several plasmids of PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 but did not significantly influence the relative luciferase activities of the PI3KCa plasmids. Moreover, by using primary hepatocytes from yellow catfish, AS incubation significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3 and reduced triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation and insulin-induced TG accumulation, as well as the activities and the mRNA levels of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study offers new insights into the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of PI3Ks and for PI3Ks-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism by insulin in fish.
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The regulation of FOXO1 and its role in disease progression. Life Sci 2017; 193:124-131. [PMID: 29158051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation are the basis of many diseases. Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) changes in response to cellular stimulation and maintains tissue homeostasis during the above-mentioned physiological and pathological processes. Substantial evidences indicate that FOXO1's function depends on the modulation of downstream targets such as apoptosis- and autophagy-associated genes, anti-oxidative stress enzymes, cell cycle arrest genes, and metabolic and immune regulators. In addition, oxidative stress, high glucose and other stimulations induce the regulation of FOXO1 activity via PI3k-Akt, JNK, CBP, Sirtuins, ubiquitin E3 ligases, etc., which mediate multiple signalling pathways. Subsequent post-transcriptional modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, deacetylation, arginine methylation and O-GlcNAcylation, activate or inhibit FOXO1. The regulation of FOXO1 and its role might provide a significant avenue for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the subtle mechanisms of the post-transcriptional modifications and the effect of FOXO1 remain elusive and even conflicting in the development of many diseases. The determination of these questions potentially has implications for further research regarding FOXO1 signalling and the identification of targeted drugs.
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PDGFRα Regulated by miR-34a and FoxO1 Promotes Adipogenesis in Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes through Erk Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112424. [PMID: 29140299 PMCID: PMC5713392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable intramuscular fat (IMF) content improves porcine meat quality. The vital genes regulating IMF deposition are necessary for the selection and breeding of an IMF trait. However, the effect and mechanism of PDGFRα on IMF deposition are still unclear. Here, PDGFRα is moderately expressed in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle (LD), whereas it highly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, PDGFRα-positive cells were located in the gaps of LD fibers which there were IMF adipocytes. Compared with 180-day-old and lean-type pigs, the levels of PDGFRα were much higher in one-day-old and fat-type pigs. Meanwhile the levels of PDGFRα gradually decreased during IMF preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, PDGFRα promoted adipogenic differentiation through activating Erk signaling pathway. Based on PDGFRα upstream regulation analysis, we found that the knockdown of FoxO1 repressed lipogenesis by downregulating PDGFRα, and miR-34a inhibited adipogenesis through targeting PDGFRα. Collectively, PDGFRα is a positive regulator of IMF deposition. Therefore, we suggest that PDGFRα is a possible target to improve meat quality.
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Cheng Z, Zheng L, Almeida FA. Epigenetic reprogramming in metabolic disorders: nutritional factors and beyond. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 54:1-10. [PMID: 29154162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors (e.g., malnutrition and physical inactivity) contribute largely to metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiometabolic disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. The abnormalities in metabolic activity and pathways have been increasingly associated with altered DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNAs, whereas lifestyle interventions targeting diet and physical activity can reverse the epigenetic and metabolic changes. Here we review recent evidence primarily from human studies that links DNA methylation reprogramming to metabolic derangements or improvements, with a focus on cross-tissue (e.g., the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue and blood samples) epigenetic markers, mechanistic mediators of the epigenetic reprogramming, and the potential of using epigenetic traits to predict disease risk and intervention response. The challenges in epigenetic studies addressing the mechanisms of metabolic diseases and future directions are also discussed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Rescigno T, Capasso A, Tecce MF. Involvement of nutrients and nutritional mediators in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
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56
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Matkar S, An C, Hua X. Kinase inhibitors of HER2/AKT pathway induce ERK phosphorylation via a FOXO-dependent feedback loop. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1476-1485. [PMID: 28744398 PMCID: PMC5523029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the HER2/PI3K/AKT pathway are being developed, and shown promise in clinical trials for various types of cancers. However, development of drug resistance is a challenging problem for therapy. Elucidating various adaptive pathways leading to resistance or reduced sensitivity to drugs targeting the HER2/PI3K/AKT pathway may provide new insights into countering the resistance. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, aka HER1), which can dimerize with HER2, can activate a cascade consisting of Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK, promoting tumorigenesis. Lapatinib inhibits the kinase activity of both HER1 and HER2. In the current study, we found that repeated treatment of HER2+ breast cancer cells with HER1/2 inhibitor Lapatinib led to increased phosphorylation of RAF, MEK, and ERK, while suppressing HER1 phosphorylation and reduced the active form of Ras, indicating existence of factor(s) activating RAF/MEK/ERK by bypassing RAS activation. Notably, the Lapatinib treatment-induced phosphorylation of ERK was dependent on FOXO transcription factors, which are also activated by Lapatinib-mediated suppression of AKT. Moreover, the Lapatinib-induced phosphorylation of RAF and ERK is inhibited by a pan-PKC inhibitor. Furthermore, the Lapatinib induced increased ERK phosphorylation is correlated with increased stability of c-Myc, which is known to be stabilized by ERK-mediated phosphorylation. Together, these results suggest that chronic inhibition of the HER1/2 by Lapatinib triggers a feedback loop to activate RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, in a FOXO dependent but Ras-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Matkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania412 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chiying An
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania412 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania412 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
Premature atherosclerosis in diabetes accounts for much of the decreased life span. New treatments have reduced this risk considerably. This review explores the relationship among the disturbances in glucose, lipid, and bile salt metabolic pathways that occur in diabetes. In particular, excess nutrient intake and starvation have major metabolic effects, which have allowed us new insights into the disturbance that occurs in diabetes. Metabolic regulators such as the forkhead transcription factors, the farnesyl X transcription factors, and the fibroblast growth factors have become important players in our understanding of the dysregulation of metabolism in diabetes and overnutrition. The disturbed regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in both the intestine and the liver has been more clearly defined over the past few years, and the atherogenicity of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and - in tandem - low levels of high-density lipoproteins, is seen now as very important. New information on the apolipoproteins that control lipoprotein lipase activity has been obtained. This is an exciting time in the battle to defeat diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GH Tomkin
- Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: GH Tomkin, Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital, Clontra, Quinns Road, Shankill, Dublin 18, Ireland, Email
| | - D Owens
- Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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58
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Iyer S, Han L, Ambrogini E, Yavropoulou M, Fowlkes J, Manolagas SC, Almeida M. Deletion of FoxO1, 3, and 4 in Osteoblast Progenitors Attenuates the Loss of Cancellous Bone Mass in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:60-69. [PMID: 27491024 PMCID: PMC5492385 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is associated with osteopenia and increased fragility fractures, attributed to reduced bone formation. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects remain unknown. Insulin promotes osteoblast formation and inhibits the activity of the FoxO transcription factors. FoxOs, on the other hand, inhibit osteoprogenitor proliferation and bone formation. Here, we investigated whether FoxOs play a role in the low bone mass associated with type 1 diabetes, using mice lacking FoxO1, 3, and 4 in osteoprogenitor cells (FoxO1,3,4ΔOsx1-Cre ). Streptozotocin-induced diabetes caused a reduction in bone mass and strength in FoxO-intact mice. In contrast, cancellous bone was unaffected in diabetic FoxO1,3,4ΔOsx1-Cre mice. The low bone mass in the FoxO-intact diabetic mice was associated with decreased osteoblast number and bone formation, as well as decreased expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic cytokine osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased osteoclast number. FoxO deficiency did not alter the effects of diabetes on bone formation; however, it did prevent the decrease in OPG and the increase in osteoclast number. Addition of high glucose to osteoblastic cell cultures decreased OPG mRNA, indicating that hyperglycemia in and of itself contributes to diabetic bone loss. Taken together, these results suggest that FoxOs exacerbate the loss of cancellous bone mass associated with type 1 diabetes and that inactivation of FoxOs might ameliorate the adverse effects of insulin deficiency. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Yavropoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John Fowlkes
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Abstract
Positive energy balance contributes to adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction, which accounts largely for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat can dissipate energy, activation or induction of which may promote energy balance and address the pressing health issues. Recent studies have shown that stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from white adipose tissue (WAT) can develop both white and brown-like adipocyte phenotypes, thus serving as a unique model to study adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol for effective isolation of mouse SVF from WAT, induction of differentiation, and detection of adipogenesis. Success tips for isolation and culture of SVF are also discussed.
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FoxO1 interacts with transcription factor EB and differentially regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins via autophagy in adipocytes. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16066. [PMID: 27777789 PMCID: PMC5046220 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are inducible and play an important role in
metabolic and redox homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that FoxO1 controls
mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology, but it remains largely unknown how FoxO1 may
regulate mitochondrial UCPs. Here we show that FoxO1 interacted with transcription factor
EB (Tfeb), a key regulator of autophagosome and lysosome, and mediated the expression of
UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 differentially via autophagy in adipocytes. UCP1 was down-regulated
but UCP2 and UCP3 were upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, which was associated
with increased Tfeb and autophagy activity. However, inhibition of FoxO1 suppressed Tfeb
and autophagy, attenuating UCP2 and UCP3 but increasing UCP1 expression. Pharmacological
blockade of autophagy recapitulated the effects of FoxO1 inhibition on UCPs. Chromatin
immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that FoxO1 interacted with Tfeb by directly binding
to its promoter, and silencing FoxO1 led to drastic decrease in Tfeb transcript and
protein levels. These data provide the first line of evidence that FoxO1 interacts with
Tfeb to regulate autophagy and UCP expression in adipocytes. Dysregulation of
FoxO1→autophagy→UCP pathway may account for metabolic changes in obesity.
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Coordinated Upregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Dynamin Related Protein-1 and Implication for Breast Cancer Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4085727. [PMID: 27746856 PMCID: PMC5056295 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4085727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overactive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in breast cancer cells. This contrast might be owing to enhanced mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, because an increased population of autophagic vacuoles engulfing mitochondria was observed in the cancer cells. Consistently, BNIP3 (a mitochondrial autophagy marker) and autophagic flux were significantly upregulated, indicative of augmented mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). The upregulation of Drp1 and BNIP3 was also observed in vivo (human breast carcinomas). Importantly, inhibition of Drp1 significantly suppressed mitochondrial autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer cell viability. Together, this study reveals coordinated increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in which Drp1 plays a central role regulating breast cancer cell metabolism and survival. Given the emerging evidence of PGC1α contributing to tumor growth, it will be of critical importance to target both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy for effective cancer therapeutics.
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Liu L, Zheng LD, Zou P, Brooke J, Smith C, Long YC, Almeida FA, Liu D, Cheng Z. FoxO1 antagonist suppresses autophagy and lipid droplet growth in adipocytes. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2033-41. [PMID: 27260854 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1192732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders constitute one of the most pressing heath concerns worldwide. Increased adiposity is linked to autophagy upregulation in adipose tissues. However, it is unknown how autophagy is upregulated and contributes to aberrant adiposity. Here we show a FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis that regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet (LD) growth in adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was associated with upregulation of autophagy and fat specific protein 27 (FSP27), a key regulator of adipocyte maturation and expansion by promoting LD formation and growth. However, FoxO1 specific inhibitor AS1842856 potently suppressed autophagy, FSP27 expression, and adipocyte differentiation. In terminally differentiated adipocytes, AS1842856 significantly reduced FSP27 level and LD size, which was recapitulated by autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin-A1 and leupeptin, BL). Similarly, AS1842856 and BL dampened autophagy activity and FSP27 expression in explant cultures of white adipose tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing FoxO1 in the regulation of adipose autophagy, shedding light on the mechanism of increased autophagy and adiposity in obese individuals. Given that adipogenesis and adipocyte expansion contribute to aberrant adiposity, targeting the FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis may lead to new anti-obesity options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Liu
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Louise D Zheng
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Peng Zou
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Joseph Brooke
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Cayleen Smith
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Yun Chau Long
- b Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA.,c Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health , College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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63
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Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) plays pleiotropic roles in insulin-mediated glucose and lipid metabolism. In the liver, glucose production is finely controlled by insulin signaling that dampens FoxO1. Two recent studies show that silencing of FoxO1 is also essential for extra-hepatic insulin signaling to maintain glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias B Dansen
- a Molecular Cancer Research; Center for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht ; Utrecht , The Netherlands
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