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Mohapatra P, Mohanty S, Ansari SA, Shriwas O, Ghosh A, Rath R, Majumdar SKD, Swain RK, Raghav SK, Dash R. CMTM6 attenuates cisplatin-induced cell death in OSCC by regulating AKT/c-Myc-driven ribosome biogenesis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22566. [PMID: 36165231 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200808rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CMTM6, a type 3 transmembrane protein, is known to stabilize the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hence facilitates the immune evasion of tumor cells. Recently, we demonstrated that CMTM6 is a major driver of cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). However, the detailed mechanism of how CMTM6 rewires cisplatin resistance in OSCC is yet to be explored. RNA sequencing analysis of cisplatin-resistant OSCC lines stably expressing Nt shRNA and CMTM6 shRNA revealed that CMTM6 might be a potential regulator of the ribosome biogenesis network. Knocking down CMTM6 significantly inhibited transcription of 47S precursor rRNA and hindered the nucleolar structure, indicating reduced ribosome biogenesis. When CMTM6 was ectopically over-expressed in CMTM6KD cells, almost all ribosomal machinery components were rescued. Mechanistically, CMTM6 induced the expression of C-Myc, which promotes RNA polymerase I mediated rDNA transcription. In addition to this, CMTM6 was also found to regulate the AKT-mTORC1-dependent ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in cisplatin-resistant lines. The nude mice and zebrafish xenograft experiments indicate that blocking ribosome synthesis either by genetic inhibitor (CMTM6KD) or pharmacological inhibitor (CX-5461) significantly restores cisplatin-mediated cell death in chemoresistant OSCC. Overall, our study suggests that CMTM6 is a major regulator of the ribosome biogenesis network and targeting the ribosome biogenesis network is a viable target to overcome chemoresistance in OSCC. The novel combination of CX-5461 and cisplatin deserves further clinical investigation in advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohapatra
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sibasish Mohanty
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shamima Azma Ansari
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Arup Ghosh
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Sriram Chandra Bhanj Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Stem cell membrane-coated abiotic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J Control Release 2022; 351:174-197. [PMID: 36103910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials have been extensively employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the developed nanosystems still suffer from some limitations, namely the rapid elimination by the immune system, lack of targeting to specific cells, and insufficient biocompatibility. Therefore, novel strategies based upon a biomimetic approach have received attention to improving the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of nanosystems. One promising strategy is the application of a biomimetic coating consisting of cell membranes derived from different cell types onto nanoparticle cores. Stem cells have been investigated to develop targeted nanodevices owing to their excellent intrinsic tissue-specific homing features, protecting them from the immune system to reach the sites of inflammation. This targeting ability is conferred by a surface repertoire of stem cell-associated biomolecules. Such nanoscopical materials offer sustained circulation and boosted drug accumulation at target sites, augmenting therapeutic efficacy and safety. Additionally, the coating of nanoparticles with cell membranes acts as a camouflage mechanism to increase their circulation time. The current review explores the particular features of stem cell membrane coating as multifunctional biomimetic surface functionalization agents to camouflage nanoparticle cores. Biomedical applications of engineered stem cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, challenges in clinical translation, and their future prospects are addressed.
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Choi JH, Gu HJ, Park KH, Hwang DS, Kim GC. Anti-Cancer Activity of the Combinational Treatment of Noozone Cold Plasma with p-FAK Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in OSCC Xenograft Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092259. [PMID: 36140360 PMCID: PMC9496586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer (about 80–90% of cases) and various research is being done to cure the disease. This paper aims to verify whether treatment with no-ozone cold plasma (NCP), which is designed for safe usage of the plasma on oral cavities, in combination with gold nanoparticles conjugated with p-FAK antibody (p-FAK/GNP) can trigger the selective and instant killing of SCC-25 cells both in vitro and in vivo. When SCC25 and HaCaT cells are exposed to p-FAK/GNP+NCP, the instant cell death was observed only in SCC25 cells. Such p-FAK/GNP+NCP-mediated cell death was observed only when NCP was directly treated on SCC25 harboring p-FAK/GNP. During NCP treatment, the removal of charged particles from NCP using grounded electric mesh radically decreased the p-FAK/GNP+NCP-mediated cell death. This p-FAK/GNP+NCP-mediated selective cell death of OSCC was also observed in mice xenograft models using SCC25 cells. The mere treatment of p-FAK/GNP and NCP on the xenograft tumor slowly decreased the size of the tumor, and only about 50% of the tumor remained at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, 1 week of p-FAK/GNP+NCP treatment was enough to reduce half of the tumor size, and most of tumor tissue had vanished at the end. An analysis of isolated tissues showed that in the case of individual treatment with p-FAK/GNP or NCP, the cancer cell population was reduced due to apoptotic cell death. However, in the case of p-FAK/GNP+NCP, apoptotic cell death was unobserved, and most tissues were composed of collagen. Thus, this paper suggests the possibility of p-FAK/GNP+NCP as a new method for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hae Choi
- Corporate Affiliated Research Institute, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (G.-C.K.)
| | - Hee-Jin Gu
- Corporate Affiliated Research Institute, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ha Park
- Corporate Affiliated Research Institute, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Korea
| | - Dae-Seok Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Corporate Affiliated Research Institute, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (G.-C.K.)
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Ivkovic N, Martinovic D, Kozina S, Lupi-Ferandin S, Tokic D, Usljebrka M, Kumric M, Bozic J. Quality of Life and Aesthetic Satisfaction in Patients Who Underwent the “Commando Operation” with Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap Reconstruction—A Case Series Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091737. [PMID: 36141349 PMCID: PMC9498799 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The “commando operation” is an extensive surgical procedure used to treat patients with oral squamous carcinoma and metastasis in the cervical lymph nodes. While the procedure can be curative, it is also very mutilating, which consequently has a major impact on the patient’s quality of life. Several studies showed that the procedure is associated with loss of certain functions, such as impairments in speech, chewing, swallowing, and loss of taste and appetite. Furthermore, some of these impairments and their degree depend on the reconstruction method. However, the data regarding the functional impairments and aesthetic results in patients who underwent the “commando operation” along with the pectoralis major myocutaneus flap reconstruction are still inconclusive. This study included 34 patients that underwent partial glossectomy, ipsilateral modified radical neck dissection, pectoralis major myocutaneus flap reconstruction, and adjuvant radiotherapy. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate aesthetical results and functional impairments as well as to grade the level of satisfaction with the functional and aesthetic outcomes both by the patients and by the operator. Most of the patients stated that their speech (N = 33; 97%) and salivation (N = 32; 94.2%) severely changed after the operation and that they cannot chew (N = 33; 97%) and swallow (N = 33; 97%) the same as before the operation. Moreover, almost half of the patients (N = 16; 47%) reported that they have severe sleep impairments. However, only few of the included patients stated that they sought professional help regarding the speech (N = 4; 11.7%), eating (N = 5; 14.7%), and sleeping (N = 4; 11.7%) disturbances. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the operator and the patients in the subjective assessment of the aesthetic results (p = 0.047), as operators gave significantly better grades. Our results imply that this procedure and reconstructive method possibly cause impairments that have an impact on the patients’ wellbeing. Moreover, our outcomes also suggest that patients should be educated and rehabilitated after the “commando operation” since most of them were reluctant to seek professional help regarding their impairments. Lastly, sleep deficiency, which was observed after the procedure, should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Ivkovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Sleep Medicine Center, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slavica Kozina
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slaven Lupi-Ferandin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Daria Tokic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Usljebrka
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-871
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Radiation modulates expression and related activities of c-Met protein in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04307-4. [PMID: 36053327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is involved in the growth, invasion and metastasis of a variety of cancers. In a set of cell lines from several solid tumors, a five-fold increase in c-Met expression after irradiation has been reported. This study aimed to assess if c-Met is likewise abundantly expressed in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) upon exposure to irradiation, followed by a Met-induced biological response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six OTSCC cell lines were exposed to gamma radiation doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gray. The changes in c-Met protein levels were assessed by western blot and flow cytometry. c-Met gene expression, cell migration, proliferation and cell cycle assays were performed as phenotypic readouts. RESULTS Irradiation resulted in upregulation of c.Met in all cell lines with different time kinetics. On average the cells displayed minimal c-Met expression on their surface ranging from 5 to 30% of total protein. Abrupt downregulation of c-Met surface expression occurred one hour after radiation but recovered 48 h post-radiation. Intracellularly, the highest level of expression was found on day 5 after radiation exposure. Irradiation induced aggressive invasive potential of the cells as determined in cell migration assays, particularly in cell lines with the highest c-Met expression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel insights into both intracellular and extracellular dynamics of c-Met expression profiles upon irradiation of OTSCC cells in vitro. It might also suggest that radiation enhances cell migration, indicative of invasiveness, through c-Met up-regulation, at least for certain types of OTSCC cells.
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Li R, Gao R, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Li B, Wang L, Ma L, Du J. pH-responsive graphene oxide loaded with targeted peptide and anticancer drug for OSCC therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930920. [PMID: 35992794 PMCID: PMC9382286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of cancer occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Despite of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate has remained about 40%–50% in the past decades. Various nanotechnology-based carrier systems have been investigated for their potentials in the OSCC treatment. However, because of the lack of active targeting of tumors, their application is limited. Studies have shown that gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed on many human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we aimed to develop a GRPR-targeted nano-graphene oxide (NGO) nanoprobe drug delivery system for OSCC therapy. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 was synthesized by the non-covalent bonding method to couple carboxylated NGO with BBN-AF750 (bombesin antagonist peptides conjugated to Alexa Fluor 750) and DOX (doxorubicin) through π-π and hydrogen bonding. Internalization and antitumor activities were carried out in human HSC-3 cancer cells. The tumor pH microenvironment was simulated to study the release of antitumor drug DOX from the DOX@NGO-ant BBN-AF750 complex under different pH conditions. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 showed internalization into HSC-3 cells. The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) was 5 µg/ml for DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 in HSC-3 cells. Furthermore, DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 showed a pH-sensitive drug release rate, and a dose-dependent and pH-responsive cytotoxicity in HSC-3 cells. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 presents the characteristics ensuring a slow release of DOX from the nanoprobe, thereby protecting the drug from degradation and prolonging the half-life of the drug. This report provides a versatile strategy to achieving targeted and imaging-guided therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingjiao Zhao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
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Ma P, Li J, Gao Y, Wu J, Men K, Li C, Men Y, Duan X. Local and Systemic Delivery of the BimS Gene Nano-Complex for Efficient Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2925-2941. [PMID: 35814613 PMCID: PMC9270013 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s357702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Men, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People’s Republic of China
- Xingmei Duan, Department of Pharmacy Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Real-Time Monitoring the Cytotoxic Effect of Andrographolide on Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050304. [PMID: 35624605 PMCID: PMC9138648 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is an active diterpenoid compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata. It exhibits antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. Previous studies show that it is non-toxic to experimental animals. The leading causes of cancer are chronic inflammation and high blood glucose. This study determines the cytotoxic effect of andrographolide on cellular morphology, viability, and migration for human oral epidermoid carcinoma cell Meng-1 (OEC-M1). We use electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to measure the subsequent overall impedance changes of the cell monolayer in response to different concentrations of andrographolide for 24 h (10–100 µM). The results for exposure of OEC-M1 cells to andrographolide (10–100 µM) for 24 h show a concentration-dependent decrease in the overall measured resistance at 4 kHz. AlamarBlue cell viability assay and annexin V also show the apoptotic effect of andrographolide on OEC-M1 cells. A reduction in wound-healing recovery rate is observed for cells treated with 30 μM andrographolide. This study demonstrates that ECIS can be used for the in vitro screening of anticancer drugs. ECIS detects the cytotoxic effect of drugs earlier than traditional biochemical assays, and it is more sensitive and shows more detail.
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Kahalian S, Koopaie M, Hakimiha N, Kolahdooz S. Assessment of the methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy on BCL2 and BAX genes expression at mRNA level and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:221-228. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e60825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells by flow cytometry and evaluating BAX and BCL2 genes expression.
Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, human HNSCC cell line (HN5; NCBI. C196) was used and after cell culture, they were divided into four groups: controls (group C), cells irradiated by a diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, 150 mW power, and 45 J/cm2 energy density (group L), cells treated by methylene blue (group MB), and cells treated using PDT (group MB plus L). The RNA was then extracted and subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess BCL2 and BAX genes expression. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess apoptosis. Data were analysed using ANOVA.
Results: PDT caused significant down-regulation of BCL2 (p<0.001) and significant overexpression of BAX (p<0.05) and PDT induced apoptosis HNSCC cell line. Changes in expression of these genes were not significant in other groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Considering the down-regulation of BCL2 and overexpression of BAX after PDT using a 660-nm diode laser and MB with 3.2 µg/mL concentration and flow cytometry results, it is suggested that this modality can be introduced for induction of apoptosis in the HNSCC cell line.
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Wu F, Du Y, Hou X, Cheng W. A prognostic model for oral squamous cell carcinoma using 7 genes related to tumor mutational burden. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:152. [PMID: 35488327 PMCID: PMC9052477 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a rising problem in global public health. The traditional physical and imageological examinations are invasive and radioactive. There is a need for less harmful new biomarkers. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a novel prognostic biomarker for various cancers. We intended to explore the relationship between TMB-related genes and the prognosis of OSCC and to construct a prognostic model. Methods TMB-related differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by differential analysis and optimized via the univariate Cox and LASSO Cox analyses. Risk Score model was constructed by expression values of screened genes multiplying coefficient of LASSO Cox. Results Seven TMB-related DEGs (CTSG, COL6A5, GRIA3, CCL21, ZNF662, TDRD5 and GSDMB) were screened. Patients in high-risk group (Risk Score > − 0.684511507) had worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group (Risk Score < − 0.684511507). Survival rates of patients in the high-risk group were lower in the gender, age and degrees of differentiation subgroups compared to the low-risk group. Conclusions The Risk Score model constructed by 7 TMB-related genes may be a reliable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02193-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department I of Oral Comprehensive Outpatient, Yantai Stomatological Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Department of Dental Implant, Yantai Stomatological Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujuan Hou
- Department I of Oral Comprehensive Outpatient, Yantai Stomatological Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Yantai Stomatological Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 142 Zhifu District, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
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Tian Y, Tang C, Shi G, Wang G, Du Y, Tian J, Zhang H. Novel fluorescent GLUT1 inhibitor for precision detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:450-462. [PMID: 35478458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and complete resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are crucial to improving patient survival and prognosis. However, specifically targeted imaging probes for OSCC detection are limited. This study aimed to synthesize a novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe for precision detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in OSCC. Bioinformatics data indicated that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is highly expressed in patients with OSCC. We demonstrated high and specific GLUT1 expression upon immunohistochemical staining of samples from 20 patients with OSCC. The specific expression of GLUT1 was further validated in both human OSCC cell lines and OSCC tumor xenografts. Based on these findings, the GLUT1 inhibitor WZB117 was utilized to synthesize a novel NIRF imaging probe, WZB117-IR820. The fluorescence molecular imaging data revealed that WZB117-IR820 could specifically bind to the tumor areas in an orthotopic OSCC mouse model after intravenous injection and could be further applied for precision fluorescence image-guided surgery with no residual tumor in the orthotopic CAL27-fLUC mouse tumor model. For further clinical translational application in patients with OSCC, precise delineation of OSCC tumor areas was achieved following topical application of the WZB117-IR820 imaging probe and was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, we synthesized a novel fluorescent imaging probe, WZB117-IR820, which has potential clinical applications for early detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in OSCC with no observable toxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Guorong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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62
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Noda Y, Ishida M, Ueno Y, Fujisawa T, Iwai H, Tsuta K. Novel pathological predictive factors for extranodal extension in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and depth of invasion. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:402. [PMID: 35418058 PMCID: PMC9006434 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extranodal extension (ENE) is a poor prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Identifying ENE by clinical and/or radiological examination is difficult, thereby leading to unnecessary neck dissections. Currently, no definitive predictors are available for ENE. Thus, we aimed to determine the histological predictors of ENE by routine histopathological examination using biopsy and surgically resected specimens. Methods This retrospective study included 186 surgically resected OSCC and 83 matched biopsy specimens. Clinical features associated with the tumor microenvironment, including desmoplastic reaction (DR), tumor budding (TB), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin-stained primary OSCC and neck dissection specimens. These histological features were divided into two groups: DR-immature (DR-I) and DR-mature (DR-M); TB-high (TB-H) and TB-low (TB-L); and TILs-low (TILs-L) and TILs-high (TILs-H). Clinical depth of invasion (cDOI) and pathological DOI (pDOI) were adapted for biopsies and resections, respectively; DOI was evaluated as DOI > 10 mm and DOI ≤ 10 mm. The clinicopathological relationships between these histopathological features and ENE and the independent risk factors for ENE were analyzed. The histological predictors of ENE were evaluated. Results The histological status of DR, TILs, and TB present in biopsy and resection specimens showed high accuracy with that of ENE. DR-I, TILs-L, and TB-H were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, cDOI, and pDOI. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed that TB-H and pDOI > 10 mm in resections were independent factors for the presence of ENE (ENE +). The combination of TB-H/pDOI > 10 mm in resection specimens showed high specificity (91%) and accuracy (83%) regarding ENE + . Although there proved to be no independent factors in biopsies, DR-I and TILs-L were significantly associated with ENE + (p < 0.001). The combination of DR-I/TILs-L/cDOI > 10 mm in biopsies exhibited high sensitivity and specificity with ENE + (70% and 77%, respectively, p < 0.001). These histological predictors could detect even minor ENE (< 2 mm). Conclusions The tumor microenvironment status in primary OSCC was significantly associated with that of ENE, and TB-H was an independent risk factor for ENE. The histological status of DR-I/TILs-L/cDOI > 10 mm in biopsy specimens and TB-H/pDOI > 10 mm in resection specimens is a useful predictor of ENE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09393-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Noda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
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63
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Lu X, Xie H. Circ_0001971 makes progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR‐107/FZD4 axis. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35403775 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology Jingmen No People’s Hospital Jingmen 448000 Hubei China
| | - Hongguo Xie
- Department of Stomatology Jingmen No People’s Hospital Jingmen 448000 Hubei China
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64
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Zhao Y, Chen D, Yin J, Xie J, Sun CY, Lu M. Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characteristics for the Prognostic Prediction and Immunotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:788580. [PMID: 35464860 PMCID: PMC9024147 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.788580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of oral and maxillofacial region. A recent clinical research has shown that tumor immune microenvironment (TIME)cells are closely related to immunotherapy sensitivity and OSCC prognosis. Nonetheless, a comprehensive analysis of TIME in OSCC has not been reported. Methods: Bioinformatics and computational algorithms were employed to determine the significance of TIME cells in 257 OSCC patients. TIME scores were measured by three TIME models, and then used to evaluate the prognosis of OSCC patients. Results: High TIME score was characterized by better prognosis in OSCC patients less than 60 years old, overexpression of immunotherapy targets (e.g., PD-1 and CLTA-4), and higher T-cell activity to inhibit tumor growth. Besides, poor prognosis was associated with low time score. Conclusion: TIME score exhibited potential as a prognostic biomarker and an indicator in predict immunotherapeutic outcomes. Through the understanding of TIME model, this study can provide a better scheme for immunotherapy as the effective treatment of OSCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Yin
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-yu Sun
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mengmeng Lu,
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Azees PAA, Natarajan S, Amaechi BT, Thajuddin N, Raghavendra VB, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. An empirical review on the risk factors, therapeutic strategies and materials at nanoscale for the treatment of oral malignancies. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Tran PX, Inoue J, Harada H, Inazawa J. Potential for reversing miR-634-mediated cytoprotective processes to improve efficacy of chemotherapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:897-908. [PMID: 35571376 PMCID: PMC9073396 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy is a major challenge in improving treatment outcomes, and targeting cytoprotective processes that lead to the chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells may be therapeutically promising. Tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) can target multiple cancer-promoting genes concurrently and are thus expected to be useful seeds for cancer therapeutics. We revealed that miR-634-mediated targeting of multiple cytoprotective process-related genes, including cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1), can effectively increase cisplatin (CDDP)-induced cytotoxicity and overcome CDDP resistance in OSCC cells. The combination of topical treatment with miR-634 ointment and administration of CDDP was synergistically effective against OSCC tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, the expression of miR-634 target genes is frequently upregulated in primary OSCC tumors. Our study suggests that reversing miR-634-mediated cytoprotective processes activated in cancer cells is a potentially useful strategy to improve CDDP efficacy against advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Xuan Tran
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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67
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Results of sole postoperative interstitial, high-dose-rate brachytherapy of T1–2 tongue tumours. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:812-819. [PMID: 35157100 PMCID: PMC9402734 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To describe the results of treating tongue cancer patients with single postoperative interstitial, high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) after resection.
Methods
Between January 1998 and April 2019, 45 patients with squamous cell histology, stage T1–2N0–1M0 tongue tumours were treated by surgery followed by a single HDR BT in case of negative prognostic factors (close or positive surgical margin, lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion). The average dose was 29 Gy (range: 10–45 Gy) and rigid metal needles were used in 11 (24%) and flexible plastic catheters in 34 cases (76%). Survival parameters, toxicities and the prognostic factors influencing survival were analysed.
Results
During a mean follow-up of 103 months (range: 16–260 months) for surviving patients, the 10-year local and regional control (LC, RC), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) probabilities were 85, 73, 34 and 63%, respectively. The incidence of local grade 1, 2 and 3 mucositis was 23, 73 and 4%, respectively. As a serious (grade 4), late side effect, soft tissue necrosis developed in 3 cases (7%). In a univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between lymphovascular invasion and RC (p = 0.0118) as well as cervical recurrence and DSS (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Sole postoperative HDR brachytherapy can be an effective method in case of negative prognostic factors in the treatment of early, resectable tongue tumours. Comparing the results of patients treated with postoperative BT to those who were managed with surgery or BT alone known from the literature, a slightly more favourable LC can be achieved with the combination therapy, demonstrating the potential compensating effect of BT on adverse prognostic factors, while the developing severe, grade 4 toxicity rate remains low.
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68
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Liu B, Hu J, Zhao H, Zhao L, Pan S. MicroRNA-155-5p Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil Resistance Through Down-Regulating TP53INP1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:706095. [PMID: 35070952 PMCID: PMC8770267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is a major obstacle to reducing the effectiveness of cancer treatment, and its detailed mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, in 5-FU-resistant human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) HSC3 cells (HSC3/5-FU), the levels of 21 miRNA candidates were detected using RT-PCR and miR-155-5p level increased strikingly in HSC3/5-FU cells compared to HSC3 cells. Compared with HSC3 cells, the CCK-8 assay showed that the HSC3/5-FU cells transfected with miR-155-5p inhibitors decreased 5-FU IC50. Ectopic expression of miR-155-5p in HSC3 and HSC4 cells increased 5-FU IC50 (CCK-8 assay), migration (wound-healing and transwell assays) and invasion (transwell assay) abilities. Seven miR-155-5p target candidates were discovered by miRNA prediction algorithms (miRDB, Targetscan, and miRWalk), and the RT-PCR results showed that in HSC3/5-FU cells TP53INP1 was of the lowest mRNA expression level compared with HSC3 cells. The RT-PCR and Western blotting assays showed that ectopic expression of miR-155-5p in HSC3 and HSC4 cells decreased TP53INP1 expression level. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays determined the interference effect of miR-155-5p on TP53INP1 expression. The enhancement of cell viability (CCK-8 assay), migration (wound-healing and transwell assays) and invasion (transwell assay) by miR-155-5p after 5-FU treatment was reversed by TP53INP1 overexpression. After treatment with 5-FU, HSC3-miR-155-5p tumor-bearing nude mice presented growing tumors, while HSC3-TP53INP1 group possessed shrinking tumors. In conclusion, these results lead to the proposal that miR-155-5p enhances 5-FU resistance by decreasing TP53INP1 expression in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Hu
- Department of Periodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Multi-disciplinary Treatment Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyuan Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chongqing Huamei Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing, China
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69
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Lee C, Jenkins G, Lee-Warder L, Kennedy M, Iqbal M, Adams J. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in locally advanced T4 mandible squamous cell carcinoma in the N0 patient: a single centre experience. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1251-1256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Radadiya M, Parchwani D, Sharma G, Mir R. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Influence of Epigenetics on the Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Carcinogenesis: Potential Implications. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:47-64. [PMID: 37199302 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer has become a significant problem throughout the world, particularly in countries that are still developing. Recent literature supports the contribution of components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the effect of epigenetic changes happening in the cells of the TME on oral cancer development and progression. In this review, we comprehensively examine the significance of TME in the development of OC along with the current understanding of the epigenetic modifications that regulate the TME and their cohesive impact on tumor traits and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, India
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71
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Sun S, Zhao S, Yang H, Wang F. microRNA 21 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting RECK. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntao Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University
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72
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SARI inhibits growth and reduces survival of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2021; 287:120141. [PMID: 34774620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS SARI (suppressor of activator protein (AP)-1, regulated by interferon (IFN) was identified as a novel tumor suppressor by applying subtraction hybridization to terminally differentiating human melanoma cells. The anti-tumor activity of SARI and the correlation between expression and cancer aggression and metastasis has been examined in multiple cancers, but its potential role in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) has not been explored. METHODS SARI expression was monitored in tumor tissues of OSCC patients by performing immunohistochemistry. Ectopic expression of SARI was achieved using a replication defective adenovirus expressing SARI (Ad.SARI). A nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of SARI. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was monitored in SARI infected OSCC cells by confocal microscopy. KEY FINDING In this study, we demonstrate that SARI expression is significantly lower in OSCC tumor tissue as compared to normal adjacent tissue. Ectopic expression of SARI induces cancer-specific cell death in human OSCC cell lines and in a paclitaxel plus cisplatin non-responder OSCC patient-derived (PDC1) cell line. Mechanistically, SARI inhibits zinc finger protein GLI1 expression through induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we show that intratumoral injections of Ad.SARI significantly reduce PDC1 tumor burden, whereas treatment with an ER stress inhibitor efficiently rescues tumors from growth inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our data provides a link between induction of ER stress and inhibition of the GLI1/Hedgehog signaling pathway and the tumor suppressive activity of SARI in the context of OSCC.
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73
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Nedungadi D, Ryan N, Anderson K, Lamenza FF, Jordanides PP, Swingler MJ, Rakotondraibe L, Riedl KM, Iwenofu H, Oghumu S. Modulation of the oral glucocorticoid system during black raspberry mediated oral cancer chemoprevention. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:28-39. [PMID: 34888650 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that glucocorticoids (GCs), which can be synthesized in the oral mucosa, play an important role in cancer development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize the role of the oral GC system in oral cancer, and determine the effect of black raspberry (BRB) administration on GC modulation during oral cancer chemoprevention. We determined the expression of GC enzymes in various oral cancer cell lines, and investigated the role of the GC inactivating enzyme HSD11B2 on CAL27 oral cancer cells using siRNA mediated knockdown approaches. Using two in vivo models of oral carcinogenesis with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) carcinogen on C57Bl/6 mice and F344 rats, we determined the effect of BRB on GC modulation during HNSCC chemoprevention. Our results demonstrate that HSD11B2, which inactivates cortisol to cortisone, is downregulated during oral carcinogenesis in clinical and experimental models. Knockdown of HSD11B2 in oral cancer cells promotes cellular proliferation, invasion and expression of angiogenic biomarkers EGFR and VEGFA. An ethanol extract of BRB increased HSD11B2 expression on oral cancer cells. Dietary administration of 5% BRB increased Hsd11b2 gene and protein expression and reduced the active GC, corticosterone, in cancer-induced mouse tongues. Our results demonstrate that the oral GC system is modulated during oral carcinogenesis, and black raspberry administration upregulates Hsd11b2 during oral cancer chemoprevention. In conclusion, our findings challenge the use of synthetic glucocorticoids in head and neck cancer, and support the use of natural product alternatives that potentially modulate GC metabolism in a manner that supports oral cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nedungadi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Felipe F Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pete P Jordanides
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J Swingler
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liva Rakotondraibe
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth M Riedl
- Department of Food Science, Parker Food Science Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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74
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Definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: a single-institution experience. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:467-473. [PMID: 34821134 PMCID: PMC8647789 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery is standard of care for oral cavity cancer (OCC). We provide a single-institution experience using definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent systemic therapy for primary unresectable OCC. Patients and methods We retrospectively examined 49 patients with non-metastatic primary unresectable OCC treated with definitive RT between 2000 and 2019. The majority of patients (63.3%) were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy while 26.5% were given single-agent cetuximab weekly simultaneous to definitive RT. Five patients were treated with definitive RT alone because of limited disease and no nodal involvement. Results Median follow-up was 73 months (range, 6–236 months), median progression free survival (PFS) was 42 months (range, 2–157 months), median local disease-free survival (LDFS) was 44 months (range, 2–157 months) and median overall survival (OS) from the time of RT initiation was 52 months (range, 5–236 months). There were 65.3% locoregional failures, 84.4% local and 15.6% distant metastasis. The majority of patients with local failure presented with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage III–IV disease (59.2%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS (III–IV vs. I–II) was 22.8% vs. 54.2 % (p = 0.03, HR 2.090, 1.1–4.2). Patients who were treated with systemic therapy had a significant better 5-year overall survival compared to those with RT alone (43.9% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.05, 1.0–4.1). RT with doses less than 70 Gy (p = 0.046, HR 2.1 (1.0–4.5) was associated with worse overall survival. Mucositis was the most common ≥ grade 3 acute toxicity and occurred in 19 patients (39%). Incidences of chronic toxicities were loss of taste, trismus, osteoradionecrosis and xerostomia. Conclusions Definitive RT with or without concurrent systemic agents in patients with unresectable OCC resulted in an eloquent rate of locoregional control and good overall survival rates and is currently the best available treatment option in this patient collective.
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75
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Lim YJ, Kong M. Population-based comparative survival analysis of surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and non-operative primary radiotherapy in patients with early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259384. [PMID: 34762670 PMCID: PMC8584751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although recent clinical guidelines do allow primary radiotherapy for selected patients with early-stage oral tongue cancer, there has been little knowledge on the treatment outcomes of non-operative radiotherapy using modern treatment techniques. This study evaluated recent prognostic differences between primary radiotherapy and surgical resection in T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Patients diagnosed with T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. After propensity score matching, the disease-specific survival of primary radiotherapy and surgery was compared. Results From a total of 8,458 patients initially identified, we defined matched cohorts: cohort A, comparing surgery alone vs. primary radiotherapy (n = 230 vs. 230), and cohort B, comparing surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs. primary radiotherapy (n = 230 vs. 230). The 7-year disease-specific survival rates were 77% vs. 35% (cohort A) and 65% vs. 35% (cohort B) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Primary radiotherapy was independently associated with worse disease-specific survival in both cohorts A (hazard ratio 4.06; 95% confidence interval 2.53‒6.52) and B (hazard ratio 2.81; 95% confidence interval 1.96‒4.04). Time-course hazard rate function plots showed a distinct short-term risk increment in disease-specific mortality in the primary radiotherapy group. Conclusion In the contemporary treatment era, the use of radiotherapy as a definitive treatment resulted in an inferior prognosis in patients with T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The present population-based data suggest that primary radiotherapy cannot be used as an alternative to surgical management and it needs to be avoided as much as possible in early-stage tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moonkyoo Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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76
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Effect of EGFR on SQSTM1 Expression in Malignancy and Tumor Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212226. [PMID: 34830108 PMCID: PMC8625971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumor. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) serves as an adaptor of autophagy for degrading protein aggregates. The regulation of autophagy by EGFR and its clinical impacts are indicated in various types of cancer. However, the association of EGFR and SQSTM1 in OSCC is still unknown. Our results show that the expression levels of SQSTM1 and EGFR proteins are higher in tumor tissues than in the corresponding tumor-adjacent (CTAN) tissues of OSCC patients. The expression levels of SQSTM1 were positively associated with the EGFR expression level. High co-expression of SQSTM1 and EGFR is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Moreover, SQSTM1 expression is decreased in EGFR-knockdown cells. Cell growth and invasion/migration are also decreased in cells with single/combined knockdowns of EGFR and SQSTM1 or in SQSTM1-knockdown cells without EGFR kinase inhibitor Lapatinib treatment compared to that in scrambled cells. However, cell growth and invasion/metastasis were not significantly different between the scrambled cells and SQSTM1-knockdown cells in the presence of Lapatinib. This study is the first to indicate the biological roles and clinical significance of SQSTM1 regulation by EGFR in OSCC.
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Shetty SS, Maruthi M, Dhara V, de Arruda JAA, Abreu LG, Mesquita RA, Teixeira AL, Silva TA, Merchant Y. Oral mucositis: Current knowledge and future directions. Dis Mon 2021; 68:101300. [PMID: 34758917 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis secondary to head and neck chemoradiation displays a complex molecular pathogenesis involving epithelial and microvascular injury, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and host-microbiome communications. These processes lead to oxidative stress and the release of reactive oxygen species that stifle the structural integrity of the oral mucosa, with emergence of erosions and ulcers. The consequences are malnutrition, psychological/psychiatric symptoms, poor quality of life, and occurrence of opportunistic infections. The latter pose a major challenge due to the risk of interruption of anti-neoplastic therapy, tumour recurrence and, ultimately, death. This article aims to present the clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis, and an overview of the predisposing factors and current management of oral mucositis. It is anticipated that the future direction of the management of oral mucositis will focus on evidence-based prehabilitation and pre- and per-chemoradiation therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameep S Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, A Constituent of MAHE, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Meghana Maruthi
- Department of Dental Rehabilitative Oncology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bangalore, India.
| | - Vasantha Dhara
- Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D, CEP: 31.270-910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3204, CEP: 31.270-910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Yash Merchant
- Consultant Maxilofacial Surgeon, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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78
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PDK1 Inhibitor BX795 Improves Cisplatin and Radio-Efficacy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating the PDK1/CD47/Akt-Mediated Glycolysis Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111492. [PMID: 34768921 PMCID: PMC8584253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high prevalence and predicted global mortality rate of 67.1%, necessitating better therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the recurrence and resistance of OSCC after chemo/radioresistance remains a major bottleneck for its effective treatment. Molecular targeting is one of the new therapeutic approaches to target cancer. Among a plethora of targetable signaling molecules, PDK1 is currently rising as a potential target for cancer therapy. Its aberrant expression in many malignancies is observed associated with glycolytic re-programming and chemo/radioresistance. Methods: Furthermore, to better understand the role of PDK1 in OSCC, we analyzed tissue samples from 62 patients with OSCC for PDK1 expression. Combining in silico and in vitro analysis approaches, we determined the important association between PDK1/CD47/LDHA expression in OSCC. Next, we analyzed the effect of PDK1 expression and its connection with OSCC orosphere generation and maintenance, as well as the effect of the combination of the PDK1 inhibitor BX795, cisplatin and radiotherapy in targeting it. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that higher PDK1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC. The immunoprecipitation assay indicated PDK1/CD47 binding. PDK1 ligation significantly impaired OSCC orosphere formation and downregulated Sox2, Oct4, and CD133 expression. The combination of BX795 and cisplatin markedly reduced in OSCC cell’s epithelial-mesenchymal transition, implying its synergistic effect. p-PDK1, CD47, Akt, PFKP, PDK3 and LDHA protein expression were significantly reduced, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Chemo/radiotherapy together with abrogation of PDK1 inhibits the oncogenic (Akt/CD47) and glycolytic (LDHA/PFKP/PDK3) signaling and, enhanced or sensitizes OSCC to the anticancer drug effect through inducing apoptosis and DNA damage together with metabolic reprogramming. Conclusions: Therefore, the results from our current study may serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies against chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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79
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Oliva M, Chepeha D, Araujo DV, Diaz-Mejia JJ, Olson P, Prawira A, Spreafico A, Bratman SV, Shek T, de Almeida J, R Hansen A, Hope A, Goldstein D, Weinreb I, Smith S, Perez-Ordoñez B, Irish J, Torti D, Bruce JP, Wang BX, Fortuna A, Pugh TJ, Der-Torossian H, Shazer R, Attanasio N, Au Q, Tin A, Feeney J, Sethi H, Aleshin A, Chen I, Siu L. Antitumor immune effects of preoperative sitravatinib and nivolumab in oral cavity cancer: SNOW window-of-opportunity study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003476. [PMID: 34599023 PMCID: PMC8488751 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitravatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets TYRO3, AXL, MERTK and the VEGF receptor family, is predicted to increase the M1 to M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages ratio in the tumor microenvironment and have synergistic antitumor activity in combination with anti-programmed death-1/ligand-1 agents. SNOW is a window-of-opportunity study designed to evaluate the immune and molecular effects of preoperative sitravatinib and nivolumab in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Patients with newly-diagnosed untreated T2-4a, N0-2 or T1 >1 cm-N2 oral cavity carcinomas were eligible. All patients received sitravatinib 120 mg daily from day 1 up to 48 hours pre-surgery and one dose of nivolumab 240 mg on day 15. Surgery was planned between day 23 and 30. Standard of care adjuvant radiotherapy was given based on clinical stage. Tumor photographs, fresh tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline, at day 15 after sitravatinib alone, and at surgery after sitravatinib-nivolumab combination. Tumor flow cytometry, multiplex immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) were performed on tumor biopsies to study changes in immune-cell populations. Tumor whole-exome sequencing and circulating tumor DNA and cell-free DNA were evaluated at each time point. RESULTS Ten patients were included. Grade 3 toxicity occurred in one patient (hypertension); one patient required sitravatinib dose reduction, and one patient required discontinuation and surgery delay due to G2 thrombocytopenia. Nine patients had clinical-to-pathological downstaging, with one complete response. Independent pathological treatment response (PTR) assessment confirmed a complete PTR and two major PTRs. With a median follow-up of 21 months, all patients are alive with no recurrence. Circulating tumor DNA and cell-free DNA dynamics correlated with clinical and pathological response and distinguished two patient groups with different tumor biological behavior after sitravatinib alone (1A) versus sitravatinib-nivolumab (1B). Tumor immunophenotyping and scRNAseq analyses revealed differential changes in the expression of immune cell populations and sitravatinib-targeted and hypoxia-related genes in group 1A vs 1B patients. CONCLUSIONS The SNOW study shows sitravatinib plus nivolumab is safe and leads to deep clinical and pathological responses in oral cavity carcinomas. Multi-omic biomarker analyses dissect the differential molecular effects of sitravatinib versus the sitravatinib-nivolumab and revealed patients with distinct tumor biology behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03575598.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Oliva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d' Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel V Araujo
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Base São Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Javier Diaz-Mejia
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Olson
- Department of Research, Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amy Prawira
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sidney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Shek
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Hope
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Smith
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dax Torti
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben X Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Fortuna
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ronald Shazer
- Clinical Development, Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Qingyan Au
- Neogenomics Laboratories, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Isan Chen
- Clinical Development, Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lillian Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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80
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Ezhilarasan D, Ali D, Varghese R. Sesamol induces cytotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptosis in SCC-25 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S423-S433. [PMID: 34586880 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211047926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sesamol is the main constituent of sesame seed oil and is obtained from Sesamum indicum. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of sesamol on human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells. Human oral squamous carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations (62.5, 125, and 250 μM/mL) of sesamol for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3- (4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2- yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Caspase-9 expression was analyzed by confocal microscopic double immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers are analyzed using qPCR. Sesamol treatment caused a significant cytotoxic effect in OSCC cells. Sesamol-induced cytotoxic effect was associated with intracellular ROS generation. Sesamol treatments induced a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cells. This treatment also induced caspase-9 expression in OSCC cells. Sesamol treatments caused downregulation of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) expression at protein and gene levels. Sesamol treatment modulates intrinsic apoptotic marker gene expression in OSCC cells. Overall results confirm the anti-cancer potential of sesamol and it seems to be a promising candidate for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 194347Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - D Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 37442University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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81
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Abstract
Oral cancer ranks first among males and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in Pakistan. We studied the epidemiology and risk factors associated with this cancer. The main risk factors in the Pakistani population include the usage of chewable and non-chewable tobacco, areca nut, betel leaf, poor dental hygiene practices, oncogenic viral infections, and genetic predispositions. The impact of socioeconomic status and the available health resources on the management of oral cancer is also discussed. It is concluded that being a low-middle economy efforts should be primarily focused on awareness for early screening, diagnosis, and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Malkani
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Kazmi
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
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82
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Radiotherapy and the survival of dental implants: a systematic review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:422-429. [PMID: 34903387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For patients with head and neck cancer, the effects of treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy can be devastating. Frequently there is loss of function due to tooth loss, pain and discomfort from xerostomia and mucositis, and a significant psychosocial impact. Dental implants provide an effective means of rehabilitation for many, but irradiation poses a unique set of challenges that can affect the outcome of treatment. The aims of this review were to find out whether radiotherapy in these patients affects the survival of dental implants, and to discuss details of pertinent influencing factors. An electronic search of the Medline, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases was done to identify studies on the survival of implants in irradiated patients within specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. No restriction was placed on the year of publication. The primary outcome measure was implant survival. Seven studies involving 441 participants and 1502 implants placed into irradiated bone were included. Meta-analysis indicated that survival was significantly higher in the mandible compared with the maxilla (p = 0.04), and in non-irradiated cases compared with irradiated cases (p < 0.001). Other factors that showed a strong association with survival were radiation dose and timing of surgery. Implant-based rehabilitation is a viable option for head and neck cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Whilst the short to medium-term implant survival in these cases is high, multiple factors require careful consideration for a favourable outcome. Further high-quality research and randomised controlled trials are required in this field.
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83
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Ahmad P, Nawaz R, Qurban M, Shaikh GM, Mohamed RN, Nagarajappa AK, Asif JA, Alam MK. Risk factors associated with the mortality rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A 10-year retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27127. [PMID: 34516504 PMCID: PMC8428756 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population.In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to P < .25.A total of 211 OSCC cases were registered in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. Majority of them were male (57.82%), non-smoker (54.97%), non-alcohol consumer (91.94%), and non-betel quid chewer (93.83%) Malay (60.66%) patients. The tongue was the most commonly involved part of the oral cavity (41.52%). Histologically, the majority of the cases had moderately-differentiated OSCC (52.82%). Most of the patients were diagnosed at stage IV at the time of diagnosis (61.61%). When this study was performed, the survival status of the majority of the patients was alive (68.24%).Within the analyzed socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters, gender, alcohol consumption, T-classification, histological grading, and treatment status have been demonstrated as an independent risk factors for mortality rate in multivariate analysis. Hence, these parameters need to be taken into account for the individualized therapy management of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- Oral Medicine Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rubbia Nawaz
- Private Dental Practice, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maria Qurban
- Private Dental Practice, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Gul Muhammad Shaikh
- Department of Dental Education and Research, Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College, Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Roshan Noor Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Kumar Nagarajappa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaad Ahmed Asif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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84
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Park N, Park Y, Yadav AK, Shin Y, Bishop‐Bailey D, Choi J, Park JW, Jang B. Anti-growth and pro-apoptotic effects of dasatinib on human oral cancer cells through multi-targeted mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8300-8311. [PMID: 34318593 PMCID: PMC8419177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is an inhibitor of Src that has anti-tumour effects on many haematological and solid cancers. However, the anti-tumour effects of dasatinib on human oral cancers remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of dasatinib on different types of human oral cancer cells: the non-tumorigenic YD-8 and YD-38 and the tumorigenic YD-10B and HSC-3 cells. Strikingly, dasatinib at 10 µM strongly suppressed the growth and induced apoptosis of YD-38 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, STAT-3, STAT-5, PKB and ERK-1/2. In contrast, knockdown of Src blocked the phosphorylation of EGFR, STAT-5, PKB and ERK-1/2, but not STAT-3, in YD-38 cells. Dasatinib induced activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, which was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Dasatinib also decreased Mcl-1 expression and S6 phosphorylation while increased GRP78 expression and eIF-2α phosphorylation in YD-38 cells. In addition, to its direct effects on YD-38 cells, dasatinib also exhibited anti-angiogenic properties. Dasatinib-treated YD-38 or HUVEC showed reduced HIF-1α expression and stability. Dasatinib alone or conditioned media from dasatinib-treated YD-38 cells inhibited HUVEC tube formation on Matrigel without affecting HUVEC viability. Importantly, dasatinib's anti-growth, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects were additionally seen in tumorigenic HSC-3 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that dasatinib has strong anti-growth, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects on human oral cancer cells, which are mediated through the regulation of multiple targets, including Src, EGFR, STAT-3, STAT-5, PKB, ERK-1/2, S6, eIF-2α, GRP78, caspase-9/3, Mcl-1 and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam‐Sook Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Yu‐Kyung Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Young‐Min Shin
- Department of DentistryCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
| | | | - Jong‐Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonKorea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and TechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Department of ImmunologyCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Byeong‐Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguKorea
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85
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Biological consequences of cancer radiotherapy in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Face Med 2021; 17:35. [PMID: 34446029 PMCID: PMC8390213 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of subjects with cancer have been treated with ionizing radiation (IR) either as a curative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant or as a palliative agent, at some point during the clinical course of their disease. IR kills cancer cells directly by injuring their DNA, and indirectly by inducing immunogenic cell killing mediated by cytotoxic T cells; but it can also induce harmful biological responses to non-irradiated neighbouring cells (bystander effect) and to more distant cells (abscopal effect) outside the primary tumour field of irradiation.Although IR can upregulate anti-tumour immune reactions, it can also promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Consequently, radiotherapy by itself is seldom sufficient to generate an effective long lasting immune response that is capable to control growth of metastasis, recurrence of primary tumours and development of second primary cancers. Therefore, combining radiotherapy with the use of immunoadjuvants such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, can potentiate IR-mediated anti-tumour immune reactions, bringing about a synergic immunogenic cell killing effect.The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss some aspects of IR-induced biological responses, including factors that contributes to tumour radiosensitivity/radioresistance, immunogenic cell killing, and the abscopal effect.
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86
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Overview of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Risk factors, mechanisms, and diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2021; 121:105451. [PMID: 34329869 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. The substantial risk factors for OCSCC are the consumption of tobacco products, alcohol, betel quid, areca nut, and genetic alteration. However, technological advancements have occurred in treatment, but the survival decreases with late diagnosis; therefore, new methods are continuously being investigated for treatment. In addition, the rate of secondary tumor formation is 3-7% yearly, which is incomparable to other malignancies and can lead to the disease reoccurrence. Oral cavity cancer (OCC) arises from genetic alterations, and a complete understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in OCC is essential to develop targeted treatments. This review aims to update the researcher on oral cavity cancer, risk factors, genetic alterations, molecular mechanism, classification, diagnostic approaches, and treatment.
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87
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Resveratrol effects in oral cancer cells: a comprehensive review. Med Oncol 2021; 38:97. [PMID: 34273003 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a very common tumor worldwide with high incidence and mortality. The treatment of oral cancer involves surgery, radio- and chemotherapy; however, high failure rates and toxicity are noticed. Thus, the search of new drugs aiming a more effective treatment is welcomed. Natural products present chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant that contains several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. This review discusses the different action mechanisms of resveratrol related in the in vitro and in vivo studies using models of oral cancer.
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88
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Abstract
Lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develop from progressive dysplasia of these mucosal structures. The cancers are often preceded by premalignant lesions, and any nonhealing ulcers of the lip or oral cavity should be biopsied. Some risk factors for these 2 subsites overlap and include tobacco use, alcohol use, and an immunocompromised state. Lip and oral cavity SCC are clinically staged based on physical examination and imaging. The 5-year overall survival for early-stage lip and oral cavity SCC is around 70% to 90% but decreases to about 50% for late-stage disease.
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Intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection promotes tongue regeneration following partial glossectomy in a murine model. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105422. [PMID: 34218061 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the regenerative efficacy of the activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concentrate administered by local injection in an animal model mimicking partial glossectomy for tongue cancer. METHODS Four-week-old mice were randomized to four groups; (1) a treatment-naïve control group, (2) a PRP group, (3) a hemiglossectomy group, and (4) a hemiglossectomy + PRP group. The activated PRP concentrate was injected into the deep layer of resected surfaces of mouse tongues immediately after excision, and tongue widths and lengths were measured on postoperative days (POD) 5 and 12. Gross tongue morphologies and microscopic findings were investigated. Inflammation and fibrous tissue areas were also measured, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for c-kit, neurofilament, and S-100. RESULTS The activated PRP concentrate reduced wound scar contracture, promoted wound healing, and reduced inflammation and wound fibrosis. On POD 12, histologic findings in the hemiglossectomy + PRP group were similar to those in the normal control group, and the intensity of stem cell factor receptor c-kit expression was also significantly greater in the PRP group than in the hemiglossectomy group on POD 12. Immunohistochemical staining revealed S100 and neurofilament expressions in the hemiglossectomy + PRP group were significantly more intense than in the hemiglossectomy group. CONCLUSION Intralesional activated PRP concentrate injection has potential use for tongue regeneration, wound healing, and neural regeneration with minimal scarring after partial glossectomy.
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90
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Liu K, Lin C, Zhang L. Novel Prediction Models for Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Different Anatomical Sites. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:2358-2369. [PMID: 34331871 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The individualized prediction of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is essential and should be as comprehensive as possible. The aim of this study was to identify new risk factors and develop nomograms comparing all anatomic sites of the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All patients with OC-SCC diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 were selected and divided into the training cohort and the validation cohort. Age, gender, race, marital status, primary site, tumor grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, TNM stage, surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were identified as predictor variables. The overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) were identified as outcome variables. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were performed. Independent prognostic factors were used to develop 3- and 5-year nomograms. Hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) showed the influence of each factor on OS or DSS. Concordance indexes (C-indexes) and calibration curves verified the nomograms internally and externally. RESULTS A total of 12,346 patients were included. Marital status and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors (P < .05). Tumors occurring on the cheek mucosa had the highest risk in OS (HR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.7-2.3) and DSS (HR, 4.7, 95% CI, 3.6-6.0), while tumors occurring on the lip had the lowest risk in OS (HR, 1.0) and DSS (HR,1.0). The C-indexes for OS in the training and validation sets were 0.767 and 0.770, respectively, and for DSS were 0.800 and 0.799, respectively. CONCLUSION Marital status and chemotherapy independently affect OC-SCC patients' survival. The prognosis is least favorable for tumors occurring on the cheek mucosa and most favorable for tumors occurring on the lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Liu
- Resident, School of Clinical Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Resident, School of Clinical Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linkun Zhang
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Professor, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China.
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91
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Peng SY, Tang JY, Li RN, Huang HW, Wu CY, Chiu CC, Chang FR, Zhang HW, Lee YJ, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Oxidative Stress-Dependent Synergistic Antiproliferation, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage of Ultraviolet-C and Coral-Derived Sinularin Combined Treatment for Oral Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102450. [PMID: 34070049 PMCID: PMC8158103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is increasingly used to improve cancer therapy. Non-ionizing radiation ultraviolet-C (UVC) and sinularin, a coral Sinularia flexibilis-derived cembranolide, were separately reported to provide an antiproliferation function to some kinds of cancer cells. However, an antiproliferation function using the combined treatment of UVC/sinularin has not been investigated as yet. This study aimed to examine the combined antiproliferation function and explore the combination of UVC/sinularin in oral cancer cells compared to normal oral cells. Regarding cell viability, UVC/sinularin displays the synergistic and selective killing of two oral cancer cell lines, but remains non-effective for normal oral cell lines compared to treatments in terms of MTS and ATP assays. In tests using the flow cytometry, luminescence, and Western blotting methods, UVC/sinularin-treated oral cancer cells exhibited higher reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, annexin V, pan-caspase, caspase 3/7, and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expressions than that in normal oral cells. Accordingly, oxidative stress and apoptosis are highly induced in a combined UVC/sinularin treatment. Moreover, UVC/sinularin treatment provides higher G2/M arrest and γH2AX/8-hydroxyl-2'deoxyguanosine-detected DNA damages in oral cancer cells than in the separate treatments. A pretreatment can revert all of these changes of UVC/sinularin treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, UVC/sinularin acting upon oral cancer cells exhibits a synergistic and selective antiproliferation ability involving oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis and cellular DNA damage with low toxic side effects on normal oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Jou Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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92
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Zeng H, Zhao X, Tang C. Downregulation of SELENBP1 enhances oral squamous cell carcinoma chemoresistance through KEAP1-NRF2 signaling. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:223-233. [PMID: 33907880 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited value is achieved in systemic chemotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), due to cancer cell resistance against cytotoxic agents. Tumor suppressor activities of selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) have been shown in multiple human cancers except for OSCC. The aim of this study is to clarify the biological functions and potential mechanism of SELENBP1 in OSCC. METHODS SELENBP1 expression and its clinical significance in OSCC were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or western blot was applied to determine SELENBP1, NRF2 and KEAP1 mRNA or protein levels. Sulforhodamine B assay (SRB) was performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin on OSCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were conducted to investigate the role of SELENBP1 in KEAP1 transcription. RESULTS SELENBP1 downregulation is positively correlated with a poor prognosis for OSCC patients. SELENBP1 knockdown enhances resistance of OSCC cells to 5-FU and cisplatin, while SENENBP1 overexpression displays the opposite effects. Mechanistically, SELENBP1 reduces NRF2 protein levels by promoting its polyubiquitination and degradation. SELENBP1 induces KEAP1 transcription by binding to KEAP1 promoter. Downregulation of SELENBP1 is induced by miR-4786-3p binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SELENBP1. CONCLUSION SENENBP1 is identified as a novel protective biomarker for OSCC patients. Targeting at the miR-4786-3p-SELENBP1-KEAP1-NRF2 signaling axis may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xubing Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Chengfang Tang
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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93
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Minhas S, Sajjad A, Noor M, Qureshi F, Khokhar RA, Kashif M. A Cytological Study Enlightening the Unseen Effects of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy in Contralateral Normal Buccal Mucosa of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cureus 2021; 13:e14483. [PMID: 34007739 PMCID: PMC8121010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives In patients receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as a treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cytological changes were seen not only in neoplastic epithelial cells but the non-neoplastic epithelial cells are also affected, resulting in cytopathological atypical changes. The present study was designed to observe oral epithelial atypical cytopathologic changes induced in contralateral normal buccal mucosa in OSCC patients receiving CCRT. Methods The study included 150 patients with OSCC treated by CCRT whose details were collected from the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) Hospital Lahore. Cytological smears were obtained from the contralateral normal buccal mucosa of OSCC patients. The serial scrape smears were taken before, immediately after, on the 17th day (mid of treatment), and at the end of CCRT, whereas 20 patients were taken as normal healthy controls and were not exposed to CCRT. The smears were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou stain. SPSS version 20 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used for statistical analysis and p > 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results CCRT-induced oral epithelial atypical cytological changes were predominantly noted at end of therapy (19.7%) in the contralateral normal buccal mucosa. Nuclear atypia features were higher on the 17th day and end of treatment; whereas, epithelial atypia was mainly observed on the 17th day of CCRT (40%). A highly significant association was observed between epithelial atypia and radio-chemotherapy dose (p = 0.045), between CCRT-induced epithelial atypical cytological changes and days of treatment (p = 0.001), and between days of CCRT and nuclear atypia (0.000) accordingly. Atypia was not observed in any control group. Conclusion Varying degrees of oral epithelial atypical cytological changes may occur in otherwise normal contralateral mucosa of the patients receiving CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Minhas
- Microbiology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK.,Oral Pathology, Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Aneequa Sajjad
- Oral Pathology, Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Maria Noor
- Department of Oral Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fariha Qureshi
- Anatomy, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Romaisa A Khokhar
- Oral Pathology, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
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94
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Li Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhou X, Peng W, Liang Z, Zeng X, Wang Q, Gao N. Charge-reversal nanomedicine based on black phosphorus for the development of A Novel photothermal therapy of oral cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:700-708. [PMID: 33818230 PMCID: PMC8023610 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1909176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the lifestyle habits of modern people, such as excessive smoking, drinking, and chewing betel nut and other cancer-causing foods, the incidence of oral cancer has increased sharply and has a trend of becoming younger. Given the current mainstream treatment means of surgical resection will cause serious damage to many oral organs, so that patients lose the ability to chew, speak, and so on, it is urgent to develop new oral cancer treatment methods. Based on the strong killing effect of photothermal therapy on exposed superficial tumors, we developed a pH-responsive charge reversal nanomedicine system for oral cancer which is a kind of classic superficial tumor. With excellent photothermal properties of polydopamine (PDA) modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) as basal material, then used polyacrylamide hydrochloride-dimethylmaleic acid (PAH-DMMA) charge reversal system for further surface modification, which can be negatively charged at blood circulation, and become a positive surface charge in the tumor site weakly acidic conditions due to the breaking of dimethylmaleic amide. Therefore, the uptake of oral cancer cells was enhanced and the therapeutic effect was improved. It can be proved that this nanomedicine has excellent photothermal properties and tumor enrichment ability, as well as a good killing effect on oral cancer cells through in vitro cytotoxicity test and in vivo photothermal test, which may become a very promising new model of oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhou
- Stomatology Department of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Stomatology Department of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxu Wang
- Stomatology Department of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nansha Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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95
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A Clinical Study Determining Pulp Vitality in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy Using Diagnostic Tool-Pulse Oximetry. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:5-9. [PMID: 34211740 PMCID: PMC8200620 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulse oximetry is an equipment that evaluates pulp vitality for concrete endodontic diagnosis and treatment plan. One of the treatment methods of oropharyngeal cancer is radiotherapy. Radiotherapy has some harmful effects on dental pulp that affects pulp vitality. The objective of study was to assess pulp vitality before, at the end of radiotherapy and six months after radiotherapy (RT) in oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. 25 patients who were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer having asymptomatic intact crowns were selected for the study. Pulp vitality was checked before the commencement of radiotherapy (PV1), immediately after radiotherapy (PV 2) and six months post radiotherapy (PV 3). Pulp vitality of first posterior tooth was selected of each patient and was checked with pulse oximetry. Paired t-test was used as statistical analysis. Statistically significant difference was observed when PV 1 and PV 2, PV 1 and PV 3 and PV 2 and PV 3 were compared amongst each other. There was reduction noted in mean SpO2 value when groups PV 2 and PV1 were compared. This was statistically significant. Statistically significant increase in mean SpO2 value was observed six months post radiotherapy (PV 3). Thus, it can be concluded that statistically significant reduction in mean SpO2 level post radiotherapy recovers after six months.
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96
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KRT84 is a potential tumor suppressor and good prognosis signature of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222399. [PMID: 32181476 PMCID: PMC7109001 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common oral cancer; however, current therapeutic approaches still show limited efficacy. Our research aims to explore effective biomarkers related to OSCC. Main methods: Gene expression profiles of paired OSCC tumor and paracancerous samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. mRNA and protein levels of KRT84 in OSCC cell line HSC-3 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. KRT84 protein levels in OSCC tumor samples of different stages were determined by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) of OSCC samples was evaluated and association of multiple factors with OS was assessed. Key findings: Compared with paracancerous samples, 4642 DEGs were identified in OSCC tumor samples. Among them, KRT84 expression level in OSCC tumor tissues was obviously decreased, which was validated in HSC-3 cells. KRT84 expression level showed decreasing tendency with the increase of tumor grade and stage. Patients with low KRT84 expression level had inferior OS independently of multiple factors. Besides, antigen processing and presentation pathway were significantly activated in OSCC samples with high KRT84 expression. Elevated KRT84 mRNA as well as protein levels were confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blot in OSCC and normal cell lines, and immunohistochemistry in OSCC tumor and paracancerous tissues. Significance: Our study suggests KRT84 as a tumor suppressor and good prognostic indicator for OSCC, which might be significant for OSCC diagnosis and treatment.
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97
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Suryavanshi S, Kumar J, Manchanda A, Singh I, Khurana N. Comparison of CECT and CT perfusion in differentiating benign from malignant neck nodes in oral cavity cancers. Eur J Radiol Open 2021; 8:100339. [PMID: 33850970 PMCID: PMC8039829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of the study was to assess the performance of CT Perfusion in comparison to CECT for preoperative detection of metastases to lymph nodes in squamous cell cancers of oral cavity. Methods Twenty-five patients with squamous cell cancers of oral cavity underwent CECT and CTP. Two radiologists evaluated CECT and CTP parameters independently. Surgery and post-operative histopathology was performed in all patients. Results Level wise analysis of the largest node was done. 102 lymph nodes on CECT and 82 lymph nodes on CTP were correlated with post-operative histopathological findings. CECT had a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 75 %, 98.6 % and 91.2 %(p-value <0.001) respectively in differentiating benign from metastatic nodes. Mean transit time[MTT] was significantly the most accurate CTP parameter and carried a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC of 90.5 %, 93.4 %, 92.7 % and 0.96 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of MTT was higher than the sensitivity of overall CECT. Conclusions CTP is a promising tool for detection of metastatic cervical nodes in squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Suryavanshi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Corresponding author at: Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, 110002, New Delhi-Central, Delhi, India.
| | - Alpana Manchanda
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nita Khurana
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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98
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Shriwas O, Arya R, Mohanty S, Mohapatra P, Kumar S, Rath R, Kaushik SR, Pahwa F, Murmu KC, Majumdar SKD, Muduly DK, Dixit A, Prasad P, Nanda RK, Dash R. RRBP1 rewires cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating Hippo pathway. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:2004-2016. [PMID: 33762722 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is one of the major factors for treatment failure in OSCC. Identifying key resistance triggering molecules will be useful strategy for developing novel treatment methods. METHODS To identify the causative factors of chemoresistance, we performed RNA sequencing and global proteomic profiling of human OSCC lines presenting with sensitive, early and late cisplatin-resistance patterns. RESULTS From the common set of dysregulated genes from both the analysis, RRBP1 was identified to be upregulated in both early and late cisplatin-resistant cells with respect to the sensitive counterpart. Analysis of OSCC patient sample indicates that RRBP1 expression is upregulated in chemotherapy-non-responder tumours as compared to chemotherapy-responder tumours. Genetic (knockout) or pharmacological (Radezolid, represses expression of RRBP1) inhibition of RRBP1 restores cisplatin-mediated cell death in chemo-resistant OSCC. Mechanistically, RRBP1 regulates Yes-associated protein1 (YAP1), a key protein in the Hippo pathway to induce chemoresistance. The PDC xenograft data suggests that knockout of RRBP1 induces cisplatin-mediated cell death and facilitates a significant reduction of tumour burden. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggests that (I) RRBP1 is a major driver of cisplatin-resistance in OSCC, (II) RRBP1 regulates YAP1 expression to mediate cisplatin-resistance, (III) Radezolid represses RRBP1 expression and (IV) targeting RRBP1 reverses cisplatin-induced chemoresistance in advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Shriwas
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibasish Mohanty
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, SCB Dental College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Falak Pahwa
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Dillip Kumar Muduly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Punit Prasad
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjan K Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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99
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Rishabh K, Khadilkar S, Kumar A, Kalra I, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. MicroRNAs as Modulators of Oral Tumorigenesis-A Focused Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052561. [PMID: 33806361 PMCID: PMC7961687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers constitute the majority of head and neck tumors, with a relatively high incidence and poor survival rate in developing countries. While the five-year survival rates of the oral cancer patients have increased to 65%, the overall survival for advanced stages has been at 27% for the past ten years, emphasizing the necessity for further understanding the etiology of the disease, diagnosis, and formulating possible novel treatment regimens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNA, have emerged as master modulators of gene expression in various cellular and biological process. Aberrant expression of these dynamic molecules has been associated with many human diseases, including oral cancers. The deregulated miRNAs have been shown to control various oncogenic processes, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. Hence, the aberrant expression of miRNAs associated with oral cancers, makes them potential candidates for the investigation of functional markers, which will aid in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic regimens. This review presents a holistic insight into our understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating various hallmarks of oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Rishabh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Soham Khadilkar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ishu Kalra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
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Mohapatra P, Shriwas O, Mohanty S, Ghosh A, Smita S, Kaushik SR, Arya R, Rath R, Das Majumdar SK, Muduly DK, Raghav SK, Nanda RK, Dash R. CMTM6 drives cisplatin resistance by regulating Wnt signaling through the ENO-1/AKT/GSK3β axis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143643. [PMID: 33434185 PMCID: PMC7934946 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rewiring tumor cells to undergo drug-induced apoptosis is a promising way to overcome chemoresistance. Therefore, identifying causative factors for chemoresistance is of high importance. Unbiased global proteome profiling of sensitive, early, and late cisplatin-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lines identified CMTM6 as a top-ranked upregulated protein. Analyses of OSCC patient tumor samples demonstrated significantly higher CMTM6 expression in chemotherapy (CT) nonresponders as compared with CT responders. In addition, a significant association between higher CMTM6 expression and poorer relapse-free survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma was observed from Kaplan-Meier plot analysis. Stable knockdown (KD) of CMTM6 restored cisplatin-mediated cell death in chemoresistant OSCC lines. Upon CMTM6 overexpression in CMTM6-KD lines, the cisplatin-resistant phenotype was rescued. The patient-derived cell xenograft model of chemoresistant OSCC displaying CMTM6 depletion restored the cisplatin-induced cell death and tumor burden substantially. The transcriptome analysis of CMTM6-KD and control chemoresistant cells depicted enrichment of the Wnt signaling pathway. We demonstrated that CMTM6 interaction with membrane-bound Enolase-1 stabilized its expression, leading to activation of Wnt signaling mediated by AKT–glycogen synthase kinase-3β. CMTM6 has been identified as a stabilizer of programmed cell death ligand 1. Therefore, as CMTM6 facilitates tumor cells for immune evasion and mediates cisplatin resistance, it could be a promising therapeutic target for treating therapy-resistant OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Omprakash Shriwas
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sibasish Mohanty
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Dillip Kumar Muduly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ranjan K Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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