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Stella M, Falzone L, Caponnetto A, Gattuso G, Barbagallo C, Battaglia R, Mirabella F, Broggi G, Altieri R, Certo F, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo GMV, Musumeci P, Ragusa M, Pietro CD, Libra M, Purrello M, Barbagallo D. Serum Extracellular Vesicle-Derived circHIPK3 and circSMARCA5 Are Two Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070618. [PMID: 34198978 PMCID: PMC8308516 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and deadly human brain cancer. Early diagnosis through non-invasive biomarkers may render GBM more easily treatable, improving the prognosis of this currently incurable disease. We suggest the use of serum extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) as highly stable minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers for GBM diagnosis. EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography from sera of 23 GBM and 5 grade 3 glioma (GIII) patients, and 10 unaffected controls (UC). The expression of two candidate circRNAs (circSMARCA5 and circHIPK3) was assayed by droplet digital PCR. CircSMARCA5 and circHIPK3 were significantly less abundant in sEVs from GBM patients with respect to UC (fold-change (FC) of -2.15 and -1.92, respectively) and GIII (FC of -1.75 and -1.4, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, based on the expression of sEV-derived circSMARCA5 and circHIPK3, allowed us to distinguish GBM from UC (area under the curve (AUC) 0.823 (0.667-0.979) and 0.855 (0.704 to 1.000), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively). Multivariable ROC analysis, performed by combining the expression of sEV-derived circSMARCA5 and circHIPK3 with preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte (PLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR) ratios, three known diagnostic and prognostic GBM markers, allowed an improvement in the GBM diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.901 (0.7912 to 1.000), 95% CI). Our data suggest sEV-derived circSMARCA5 and circHIPK3 as good diagnostic biomarkers for GBM, especially when associated with preoperative NLR, PLR and LMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Stella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.F.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Caponnetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.F.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Federica Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Neurological Surgery, Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.); (F.C.); (G.M.V.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Certo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Neurological Surgery, Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.); (F.C.); (G.M.V.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo Barbagallo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Neurological Surgery, Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.); (F.C.); (G.M.V.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.F.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (F.M.); (M.R.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0953782089
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Sung PS, Hsieh SL. C-type lectins and extracellular vesicles in virus-induced NETosis. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:46. [PMID: 34116654 PMCID: PMC8193014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is observed in acute viral infections. Moreover, NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of acute viral infections, including those caused by the dengue virus (DV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, excessive NET formation (NETosis) is associated with disease severity in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2-induced multiple organ injuries. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and other members of C-type lectin family (L-SIGN, LSECtin, CLEC10A) have been reported to interact with viral glycans to facilitate virus spreading and exacerbates inflammatory reactions. Moreover, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) has been shown as the pattern recognition receptor for members of flaviviruses, and is responsible for DV-induced cytokine storm and Japanese encephalomyelitis virus (JEV)-induced neuronal inflammation. Moreover, DV activates platelets via CLEC2 to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs). The DV-activated EXOs (DV-EXOs) and MVs (DV-MVs) stimulate CLEC5A and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), respectively, to enhance NET formation and inflammatory reactions. Thus, EVs from virus-activated platelets (PLT-EVs) are potent endogenous danger signals, and blockade of C-type lectins is a promising strategy to attenuate virus-induced NETosis and intravascular coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tao SC, Huang JY, Gao Y, Li ZX, Wei ZY, Dawes H, Guo SC. Small extracellular vesicles in combination with sleep-related circRNA3503: A targeted therapeutic agent with injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to prevent osteoarthritis. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4455-4469. [PMID: 34027234 PMCID: PMC8120802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by chondrocyte apoptosis and disturbance of the balance between catabolism and anabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease worldwide. As sleep has been found to be beneficial for cartilage repair, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of OA, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and found circRNA3503 was significantly increased after melatonin (MT)-induced cell sleep. Upregulation of circRNA3503 expression completely rescued the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which was used to simulate OA, on apoptosis, ECM degradation- and synthesis-related genes. Mechanistically, circRNA3503 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-3p and hsa-let-7b-3p. Moreover, as we previously showed that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from synovium mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) can not only successfully deliver nucleic acids to chondrocytes, but also effectively promote chondrocyte proliferation and migration, we assessed the feasibility of sEVs in combination with sleep-related circRNA3503 as an OA therapy. We successfully produced and isolated circRNA3503-loaded sEVs (circRNA3503-OE-sEVs) from SMSCs. Then, poly(D,l-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,l-lactide) (PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA, PLEL) triblock copolymer gels were used as carriers of sEVs. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, PLEL@circRNA3503-OE-sEVs were shown to be a highly-effective therapeutic strategy to prevent OA progression. Through multiple pathways, circRNA3503-OE-sEVs alleviated inflammation-induced apoptosis and the imbalance between ECM synthesis and ECM degradation by acting as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-3p and hsa-let-7b-3p. In addition, circRNA3503-OE-sEVs promoted chondrocyte renewal to alleviate the progressive loss of chondrocytes. Our results highlight the potential of PLEL@circRNA3503-OE-sEVs for preventing OA progression. CircRNA3503 alleviated apoptosis and the imbalance between ECM synthesis and ECM degradation. Wnt5a/b carried by sEVs promoted chondrocyte renewal to alleviate the progressive loss of chondrocytes. PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA (PLEL) triblock copolymer gels showed good performance in slow release of sEVs. PLEL@circRNA3503-OE-sEVs showed potential to prevent OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu'an Road, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Centre of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Helen Dawes
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Road, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Park M, Kim JW, Kim KM, Kang S, Kim W, Kim JK, Cho Y, Lee H, Baek MC, Bae JH, Lee SH, Jeong SB, Lim SC, Jun DW, Cho SY, Kim Y, Choi YJ, Kang KW. Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Activate TYRO3 to Drive Cancer Metastasis and Chemoresistance. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3539-3553. [PMID: 33910929 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in the tumor microenvironment have emerged as crucial mediators that promote proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. However, the role of circulating small EVs (csEV) in cancer progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that csEV facilitate cancer progression and determine its molecular mechanism. csEVs strongly promoted the migration of cancer cells via interaction with phosphatidylserine of csEVs. Among the three TAM receptors, TYRO3, AXL, and MerTK, TYRO3 mainly interacted with csEVs. csEV-mediated TYRO3 activation promoted migration and metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulation of RhoA in invasive cancer cells. Additionally, csEV-TYRO3 interaction induced YAP activation, which led to increased cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Combination treatment with gefitinib and KRCT-6j, a selective TYRO3 inhibitor, significantly reduced tumor volume in xenografts implanted with gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. The results of this study show that TYRO3 activation by csEVs facilitates cancer cell migration and chemoresistance by activation of RhoA or YAP, indicating that the csEV/TYRO3 interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancers in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that circulating extracellular vesicles are a novel driver in migration and survival of aggressive cancer cells via TYRO3 activation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/13/3539/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KaiPharm, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Cho
- Biomarker Branch, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjae Lee
- Biomarker Branch, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Chang Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Baek Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Department of Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong June Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Zhou P, Han Y, Zhang H. Platelet transfusion for cancer secondary thrombocytopenia: Platelet and cancer cell interaction. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101022. [PMID: 33545547 PMCID: PMC7868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy and autoimmune disorder often lead to secondary thrombocytopenia in cancer patients, and thus, platelet transfusion is needed to stop or prevent bleeding. However, the effect of platelet transfusion remains controversial for the lack of agreement on transfusion strategies. Before being transfused, platelets are stored in blood banks, and their activation is usually stimulated. Increasing evidence shows activated platelets may promote metastasis and the proliferation of cancer cells, while cancer cells also induce platelet activation. Such a vicious cycle of interaction between activated platelets and cancer cells is harmful for the prognosis of cancer patients, which results in an increased tumor recurrence rate and decreased five-year survival rate. Therefore, it is important to explore platelet transfusion strategies, summarize mechanisms of interaction between platelets and tumor cells, and carefully evaluate the pros and cons of platelet transfusion for better treatment and prognosis for patients with cancer with secondary thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Class 2016 Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Yu Y, Wang D. Metabolomics and Proteomics Reveal the Variation of Substances in Apheresis Platelets during Storage and Their Effects on Cancer Cell Proliferation. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 48:79-90. [PMID: 33976608 PMCID: PMC8077496 DOI: 10.1159/000509944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apheresis platelets (APs) are clinically and crucially important in the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or cancer. However, few researchers have addressed the variation of supernatant metabolites and exosome proteins in APs during storage and their effects on cancer cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the change rules of the metabolites and exosomal proteins of APs during storage and their effects on cancer cell proliferation. METHODS Metabolomics and proteomics were separately applied to analyze the variation of AP supernatant metabolites and exosomal proteins between freshly prepared day-0 and day-5 terminal-stored APs. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was performed to detect the effects of AP supernatants and exosomes on the proliferation of cancer cells. RESULTS We found that the supernatant metabolites and exosomal proteins in APs were significantly different on day 0 and day 5, and that many differential metabolites and exosomal proteins were associated with cancer characteristics. Furthermore, the day-5 AP supernatants had a greater inhibition of the proliferation of K562, HepG2, and HCT116 cancer cells, but the day-5 AP exosomes had no significant effect on the proliferation of these cancer cells. CONCLUSION The variant terminal-stored AP supernatants may inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells but the variant terminal AP exosomes have no effect on cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Nie W, Wu G, Zhong H, Xie HY. Membrane vesicles nanotheranostic systems: sources, engineering methods, and challenges. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022009. [PMID: 33307545 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd2c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell secretory native components with long-circulation, good biocompatibility, and physiologic barriers cross ability. EVs derived from different donor cells inherit varying characteristics and functions from their original cells and are favorable to serve as vectors for diagnosing and treating various diseases. However, EVs nanotheranostics are still in their infancy because of their limited accumulation at lesion sites and compromised therapy efficiency. Hence, engineering modification of EVs is usually needed to further enhance their stability, biological activity, and lesion-targeting capacity. Herein, we overview the characteristics of EVs from different sources, as well as the latest developments of surface engineering and cargo loading methods. We also focus especially on advances in EVs-based disease theranostics. At the end of the review, we predict the obstacles and prospects of the future clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Tao SC, Huang JY, Li ZX, Zhan S, Guo SC. Small extracellular vesicles with LncRNA H19 "overload": YAP Regulation as a Tendon Repair Therapeutic Tactic. iScience 2021; 24:102200. [PMID: 33733065 PMCID: PMC7937563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional healing of tendon injuries remains a great challenge. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have received attention as pro-regenerative agents. H19 overexpression could bring tendon regenerative ability, but the mechanism is still not fully elucidated, and reliable method for delivery of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) was demanded. We identified the downstream mechanism of H19, the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP) via the H19-PP1-YAP axis. We established tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) stably overexpressing H19 with CRISPR-dCas9-based hnRNP A2/B1 activation (H19-CP-TSPCs). H19-OL-sEVs (H19 “overloading” sEVs) could be produced effectively from H19-CP-TSPCs. Only H19-OL-sEVs were able to significantly load large amounts of H19 rather than other competitors, and the potential of H19-OL-sEVs to promote tendon healing was far better than that of other competitors. Our study established a relatively reliable method for enrichment of LncRNAs into sEVs, providing new hints for modularized sEV-based therapies, and modularized sEVs represented a potential strategy for tendon regeneration. H19 overexpression enhances tendon regeneration H19 dephosphorylates and activates YAP hnRNP A2/B1 assists the enrichment of H19 into sEVs H19-OL-sEVs promote tendon regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu'an Road, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Soochou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Odaka H, Hiemori K, Shimoda A, Akiyoshi K, Tateno H. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are increased in sera of Alzheimer's disease patients, as revealed by Tim4-based assays. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:741-752. [PMID: 33345458 PMCID: PMC7931225 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β‐amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, which may be involved in the progression of AD. Glycans are essential building blocks of EVs, and we hypothesized that EV glycans may reflect pathological conditions of various diseases. Here, we performed glycan profiling of EVs prepared from sera of three AD patients (APs) compared to three healthy donors (HDs) using lectin microarray. Distinct glycan profiles were observed. Mannose‐binding lectins exhibited significantly higher signals for AP‐derived EVs than HD‐derived EVs. Lectin blotting using mannose‐binding lectin (rPALa) showed a single protein band at ~ 80 kDa exclusively in AP‐derived EVs. LC‐MS/MS analysis identified a protein band precipitated by rPALa as CD61, a marker of platelet‐derived exosomes (P‐Exo). Sandwich assays using Tim4 with specificity for phosphatidylserine on EVs and antibodies against P‐Exo markers (CD61, CD41, CD63, and CD9) revealed that P‐Exo is significantly elevated in sera of APs (n = 16) relative to age‐ and sex‐matched HDs (n = 16). Tim4‐αCD63 showed the highest value for the area under the curve (0.957) for discriminating APs from HDs, which should lead to a better understanding of AD pathology and may facilitate the development of a novel diagnostic method for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Odaka
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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60
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Yaker L, Kamel S, Ausseil J, Boullier A. Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremic Toxins on Extracellular Vesicle Biology. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120811. [PMID: 33371311 PMCID: PMC7767379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a cardiovascular complication associated with a high mortality rate, especially in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD patients, VC is associated with the accumulation of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate or inorganic phosphate, which can have a major impact in vascular remodeling. During VC, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo an osteogenic switch and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are heterogeneous in terms of their origin and composition. Under physiological conditions, EVs are involved in cell-cell communication and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They contain high levels of calcification inhibitors, such as fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein. Under pathological conditions (and particularly in the presence of uremic toxins), the secreted EVs acquire a pro-calcifying profile and thereby act as nucleating foci for the crystallization of hydroxyapatite and the propagation of calcification. Here, we review the most recent findings on the EVs’ pathophysiological role in VC, the impact of uremic toxins on EV biogenesis and functions, the use of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and the EVs’ therapeutic potential in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yaker
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- INSERM UMR1043, CNRS UMR5282, University of Toulouse III, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
- CHU PURPAN—Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-322087019
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61
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Albakova Z, Siam MKS, Sacitharan PK, Ziganshin RH, Ryazantsev DY, Sapozhnikov AM. Extracellular heat shock proteins and cancer: New perspectives. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100995. [PMID: 33338880 PMCID: PMC7749402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of extracellular heat shock proteins (HSPs) indicates highly aggressive tumors. HSP profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various biological fluids and released by immune cells may open new perspectives for an identification of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of cancer. Identification of specific microRNAs targeting HSPs in EVs may be a promising strategy for the discovery of novel biomarkers of cancer.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of molecular chaperones aberrantly expressed in cancer. The expression of HSPs in tumor cells has been shown to be implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, immune responses, angiogenesis and metastasis. Given that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can serve as potential source for the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets, it is of particular interest to study proteomic profiling of HSPs in EVs derived from various biological fluids of cancer patients. Furthermore, a divergent expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patient samples has opened new opportunities in exploiting miRNAs as diagnostic tools. Herein, we address the current literature on the expression of extracellular HSPs with particular interest in HSPs in EVs derived from various biological fluids of cancer patients and different types of immune cells as promising targets for identification of clinical biomarkers of cancer. We also discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in HSP regulation for the discovery of blood-based biomarkers of cancer. We outline the importance of understanding relationships between various HSP networks and co-chaperones and propose the model for identification of HSP signatures in cancer. Elucidating the role of HSPs in EVs from the proteomic and miRNAs perspectives may provide new opportunities for the discovery of novel biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 199192 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Sacitharan
- The Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rustam H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Y Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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62
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Yong T, Li X, Wei Z, Gan L, Yang X. Extracellular vesicles-based drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 328:562-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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63
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Shin H, Seo D, Choi Y. Extracellular Vesicle Identification Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Detection and Signal Analysis Strategies. Molecules 2020; 25:E5209. [PMID: 33182340 PMCID: PMC7664897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely investigated as promising biomarkers for the liquid biopsy of diseases, owing to their countless roles in biological systems. Furthermore, with the notable progress of exosome research, the use of label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to identify and distinguish disease-related EVs has emerged. Even in the absence of specific markers for disease-related EVs, label-free SERS enables the identification of unique patterns of disease-related EVs through their molecular fingerprints. In this review, we describe label-free SERS approaches for disease-related EV pattern identification in terms of substrate design and signal analysis strategies. We first describe the general characteristics of EVs and their SERS signals. We then present recent works on applied plasmonic nanostructures to sensitively detect EVs and notable methods to interpret complex spectral data. This review also discusses current challenges and future prospects of label-free SERS-based disease-related EV pattern identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunku Shin
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Dongkwon Seo
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.S.); (D.S.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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64
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Li Y, He X, Li Q, Lai H, Zhang H, Hu Z, Li Y, Huang S. EV-origin: Enumerating the tissue-cellular origin of circulating extracellular vesicles using exLR profile. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2851-2859. [PMID: 33133426 PMCID: PMC7588739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex ecosystems that can be derived from all body cells and circulated in the body fluids. Characterizing the tissue-cellular source contributing to circulating EVs provides biological information about the cell or tissue of origin and their functional states. However, the relative proportion of tissue-cellular origin of circulating EVs in body fluid has not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we developed an approach for digital EVs quantification, called EV-origin, that enables enumerating of EVs tissue-cellular source contribution from plasma extracellular vesicles long RNA sequencing profiles. EV-origin was constructed by the input matrix of gene expression signatures and robust deconvolution algorithm, collectively used to separate the relative proportions of each tissue or cell type of interest. EV-origin respectively predicted the relative enrichment of seven types of hemopoietic cells and sixteen solid tissue subsets from exLR-seq profile. Using the EV-origin approach, we depicted an integrated landscape of the traceability system of plasma EVs for healthy individuals. We also compared the heterogenous tissue-cellular source components from plasma EVs samples with diverse disease status. Notably, the aberrant liver fraction could reflect the development and progression of hepatic disease. The liver fraction could also serve as a diagnostic indicator and effectively separate HCC patients from normal individuals. The EV-origin provides an approach to decipher the complex heterogeneity of tissue-cellular origin in circulating EVs. Our approach could inform the development of exLR-based applications for liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xigan He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Lai
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hena Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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65
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Extracellular Vesicles as an Efficient and Versatile System for Drug Delivery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102191. [PMID: 33003285 PMCID: PMC7600121 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in drug development, the majority of novel therapeutics have not been successfully translated into clinical applications. One of the major factors hindering their clinical translation is the lack of a safe, non-immunogenic delivery system with high target specificity upon systemic administration. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers of bioactive cargo, have emerged as a promising solution and can be further modified to improve their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide an overview of the biogenesis pathways, biochemical features, and isolation methods of EVs with an emphasis on their many intrinsic properties that make them desirable as drug carriers. We then describe in detail the current advances in EV therapeutics, focusing on how EVs can be engineered to achieve improved target specificity, better circulation kinetics, and efficient encapsulation of therapeutic payloads. We also identify the challenges and obstacles ahead for clinical translation and provide an outlook on the future perspective of EV-based therapeutics.
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66
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Otahal A, Kramer K, Kuten-Pella O, Weiss R, Stotter C, Lacza Z, Weber V, Nehrer S, De Luna A. Characterization and Chondroprotective Effects of Extracellular Vesicles From Plasma- and Serum-Based Autologous Blood-Derived Products for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584050. [PMID: 33102466 PMCID: PMC7546339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous blood products gain increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine as well as in orthopedics, aesthetic surgery, and cosmetics. Currently, citrate-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma (CPRP) preparations are often applied in osteoarthritis (OA), but more physiological and cell-free alternatives such as hyperacute serum (hypACT) are under development. Besides growth factors, blood products also bring along extracellular vesicles (EVs) packed with signal molecules, which open up a new level of complexity at evaluating the functional spectrum of blood products. Large proportions of EVs originated from platelets in CPRP and hypACT, whereas very low erythrocyte and monocyte-derived EVs were detected via flow cytometry. EV treatment of chondrocytes enhanced the expression of anabolic markers type II collagen, SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and aggrecan compared to full blood products, but also the catabolic marker and tissue remodeling factor matrix metalloproteinase 3, whereas hypACT EVs prevented type I collagen expression. CPRP blood product increased SOX9 protein expression, in contrast to hypACT blood product. However, hypACT EVs induced SOX9 protein expression while preventing interleukin-6 secretion. The results indicate that blood EVs are sufficient to induce chondrogenic gene expression changes in OA chondrocytes, while preventing proinflammatory cytokine release compared to full blood product. This highlights the potential of autologous blood-derived EVs as regulators of cartilage extracellular matrix metabolism and inflammation, as well as candidates for new cell-free therapeutic approaches for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otahal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karina Kramer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Olga Kuten-Pella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,OrthoSera GmbH, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Stotter
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Deptartment Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Andrea De Luna
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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67
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Soares CS, Babo PS, Reis RL, Carvalho PP, Gomes ME. Platelet-Derived Products in Veterinary Medicine: A New Trend or an Effective Therapy? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:225-243. [PMID: 32868100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived products (PDPs) have gained popularity, mainly due to their high concentrations of bioactive molecules such as growth factors and cytokines, which play important roles in tissue healing and regeneration. PDPs are obtained through minimally invasive procedures and their therapeutic effect has been widely recognized. In veterinary medicine, however, the lack of standard protocols to generate PDPs is a major hurdle for assessing the clinical relevance of PDP-based therapies and for their widespread usage. The aim of this review is to analyze the technical and scientific specificities of PDPs in terms of preparation methodologies, classification categorization, nomenclature, and biological proprieties to advance their future biotechnological potential in veterinary contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Soares
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Carvalho
- Vasco da Gama Research Center, CIVG, University School Vasco da Gama, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal; Vetherapy, Research and Development in Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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68
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Heatlie J, Chang V, Fitzgerald S, Nursalim Y, Parker K, Lawrence B, Print CG, Blenkiron C. Specialized Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes Can Be Repurposed for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation: A Pilot Study. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:462-470. [PMID: 32856938 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liquid biopsies offer a minimally invasive approach to patient disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, these are highly affected by preprocessing variables with many protocols designed for downstream analysis of a single molecular biomarker. Here we investigate whether specialized blood tubes could be repurposed for the analysis of an increasingly valuable biomarker, extracellular vesicles (EVs). Methods: Blood was collected from three donors into K3-EDTA, Roche, or Streck cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collection tubes and processed using sequential centrifugation either immediately or after storage for 3 days. MicroEV were collected from platelet-poor plasma by 10,000 g centrifugation and NanoEVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography. Particle size and counts were assessed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, protein quantitation by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) assay, and dot blotting for blood cell surface proteins. Results: MicroEVs and NanoEVs could be isolated from plasma collected using all three tube types. Major variations were seen with delayed time to processing. Both MicroEV particle number and protein content increased with the processing delay. The NanoEV number did not change with the time-delay but their protein quantity increased. EV-associated proteins predominantly arose from platelets (CD61) and erythrocytes (CD235a). However, leukocyte marker CD45 was only increased in NanoEVs from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes, suggestive of stabilization of nucleated cells by the specialized blood tubes. Epithelial cell surface marker EpCAM, often used as a marker of cancer, remained the same across conditions in both MicroEV and NanoEV preparations indicating that these EVs were stable with time. Conclusions: Specialized cfDNA collection tubes can be repurposed for MicroEV and NanoEV analysis; however, simple counting or using protein quantity as a surrogate of EV number may be confounded by preanalytical processing. The EVs would be suitable for disease selective EV subtype analysis if the molecular target of interest is not present in blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Heatlie
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vanessa Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Fitzgerald
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yohanes Nursalim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Parker
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristin G Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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69
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Tao SC, Huang JY, Wei ZY, Li ZX, Guo SC. EWSAT1 Acts in Concert with Exosomes in Osteosarcoma Progression and Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis: The "Double Stacking Effect". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000152. [PMID: 32803878 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for osteosarcoma (OS) continues to be unsatisfactory due to tumor recurrence as a result of metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have shown that Ewing sarcoma associated transcript 1 (EWSAT1) plays an important role in the progression of OS. Exosomes (Exos) act as important carriers in intercellular communication and play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, especially in tumor-induced angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism via which EWSAT1 and Exos regulate OS progression is unknown, and whether they can be effective therapeutic targets also requires verification. Hence, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of EWSAT1 and Exos. EWSAT1 significantly promotes proliferation, migration, colony formation, and survival of OS. EWSAT1 regulates OS-induced angiogenesis via two mechanisms, called the "double stacking effect," which is a combination of the increase in sensitivity/reactivity of vascular endothelial cells triggered by Exos-carrying EWSAT1, and the EWSAT1-induced increase in angiogenic factor secretion. In vivo experiments further validates the "double stacking effect" and shows that EWSAT1-KD effectively inhibits tumor growth in OS. The above observations indicate that EWSAT1 can be used as not only a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also as a precise therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Koudouovoh-Tripp P, Hüfner K, Egeter J, Kandler C, Giesinger JM, Sopper S, Humpel C, Sperner-Unterweger B. Stress Enhances Proinflammatory Platelet Activity: the Impact of Acute and Chronic Mental Stress. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:500-512. [PMID: 32757120 PMCID: PMC8087592 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis has long been recognized, recently their contribution to immunological and inflammatory processes is emerging. Platelets could be the missing link between cardiovascular disease, chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Both physical and mental stressors cause platelet activation reflected by changes in platelet bioactivity and aggregation. Here we evaluate the proinflammatory platelet response to acute and chronic mental stress. In a prospective study design an acute mental stress test was administered to 55 healthy male participants once without and once in the presence of chronic mental stress. Blood was collected prior to and at three time points following an acute mental stress test (0, 30, 60 min). Platelet proinflammatory activation markers, were assessed using FACS analysis and aggregability was measured in response to ADP or epinephrine using PFA-100. A linear mixed model was used for analysis. Chronic mental stress lead to a significant increase in state anxiety (p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.045) and perceived stress (p = 0.001). The factor “chronic mental stress” was significantly associated with increased numbers of CD63+ platelets (p = 0.009). The factor “acute mental stress” was associated with alterations in CD62P+ platelets (p < 0.001), CD63+ platelets (p = 0.011), PAC-1+ platelets (p < 0.001) as well as platelet leucocyte aggregates (p = 0.019). The recovery of CD62P function following the acute mental stress exposure was significantly impaired by chronic stress (p = 0.023). Aggregation was affected by chronic and acute mental stress. In conclusion, mental stress is linked to an increased and prolonged proinflammatory platelet bioactivity. This proinflammatory and immunomodulatory stimuli could help to explain the link between mental and somatic disorders. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Koudouovoh-Tripp
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Jonas Egeter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kandler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Giesinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Flow Cytometry Unit, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheimer's Research, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Platelet-leukocyte interplay during vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Extracellular Vesicles-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Challenge and the Exemplum of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155432. [PMID: 32751556 PMCID: PMC7432055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research for the most selective drug delivery to tumors represents a fascinating key target in science. Alongside the artificial delivery systems identified in the last decades (e.g., liposomes), a family of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained increasing focus for their potential use in delivering anticancer compounds. EVs are released by all cell types to mediate cell-to-cell communication both at the paracrine and the systemic levels, suggesting a role for them as an ideal nano-delivery system. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) stands out among currently untreatable tumors, also due to the difficulties in achieving an early diagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of MPM are both unmet clinical needs. This review looks at indirect and direct evidence that EVs may represent both a new tool for allowing an early diagnosis of MPM and a potential new delivery system for more efficient therapeutic strategies. Since MPM is a relatively rare malignant tumor and preclinical MPM models developed to date are very few and not reliable, this review will report data obtained in other tumor types, suggesting the potential use of EVs in mesothelioma patients as well.
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73
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The Platelet Concentrates Therapy: From the Biased Past to the Anticipated Future. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030082. [PMID: 32751638 PMCID: PMC7552713 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of research on platelet concentrates (PCs) is to develop a more predictable PC therapy. Because platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a representative PC, was identified as a possible therapeutic agent for bone augmentation in the field of oral surgery, PRP and its derivative, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), have been increasingly applied in a regenerative medicine. However, a rise in the rate of recurrence (e.g., in tendon and ligament injuries) and adverse (or nonsignificant) clinical outcomes associated with PC therapy have raised fundamental questions regarding the validity of the therapy. Thus, rigorous evidence obtained from large, high-quality randomized controlled trials must be presented to the concerned regulatory authorities of individual countries or regions. For the approval of the regulatory authorities, clinicians and research investigators should understand the real nature of PCs and PC therapy (i.e., adjuvant therapy), standardize protocols of preparation (e.g., choice of centrifuges and tubes) and clinical application (e.g., evaluation of recipient conditions), design bias-minimized randomized clinical trials, and recognize superfluous brand competitions that delay sound progress. In this review, we retrospect the recent past of PC research, reconfirm our ultimate goals, and discuss what will need to be done in future.
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74
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Iyer SR, Scheiber AL, Yarowsky P, Henn RF, Otsuru S, Lovering RM. Exosomes Isolated From Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery of Function After Muscle Injury. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2277-2286. [PMID: 32543878 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520926462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained momentum as treatment for muscle injuries. Exosomes, or small cell-derived vesicles, could be helpful if they could deliver the same or better physiological effect without cell transplantation into the muscle. HYPOTHESIS Local delivery of exosomes derived from PRP (PRP-exos) or MSCs (MSC-exos) to injured muscles hastens recovery of contractile function. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In a rat model, platelets were isolated from blood, and MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and expanded in culture; exosomes from both were isolated through ultracentrifugation. The tibialis anterior muscles were injured in vivo using maximal lengthening contractions. Muscles were injected with PRP-exos or MSC-exos (immediately after injury and 5 and 10 days after injury); controls received an equal volume of saline. Histological and biochemical analysis was performed on tissues for all groups. RESULTS Injury resulted in a significant loss of maximal isometric torque (66% ± 3%) that gradually recovered over 2 weeks. Both PRP-exos and MSC-exos accelerated recovery, with similar faster recovery of contractile function over the saline-treated group at 5, 10, and 15 days after injury (P < .001). A significant increase in centrally nucleated fibers was seen with both types of exosome groups by day 15 (P < .01). Genes involved in skeletal muscle regeneration were modulated by different exosomes. Muscles treated with PRP-exos had increased expression of Myogenin gene (P < .05), whereas muscles treated with MSC-exos had reduced expression of TGF-β (P < .05) at 10 days after muscle injury. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from PRP or MSCs can facilitate recovery after a muscle strain injury in a small-animal model likely because of factors that can modulate inflammation, fibrosis, and myogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given their small size, low immunogenicity, and ease with which they can be obtained, exosomes could represent a novel therapy for many orthopaedic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama R Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda L Scheiber
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Yarowsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Frank Henn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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75
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Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Cayrefourcq L, Alix-Panabières C. The Different Facets of Liquid Biopsy: A Kaleidoscopic View. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:a037333. [PMID: 31548226 PMCID: PMC7263091 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current limitations of cancer diagnosis and molecular profiling based on invasive tissue biopsies or clinical imaging have led to the development of the liquid biopsy field. Liquid biopsy includes the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free or tumor DNA (cfDNA or ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) from body fluid samples and their molecular characterization to identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic prediction, and follow-up. These innovative biosources show similar features as the primary tumor from where they originated or interacted. This review describes the different technologies and methods used for processing these biosources as well as their main clinical applications with their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
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76
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Zhang J, Crimmins D, Faed JM, Flanagan P, McGhee CNJ, Patel DV. Characteristics of Platelet Lysate Compared to Autologous and Allogeneic Serum Eye Drops. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:24. [PMID: 32818111 PMCID: PMC7396199 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Platelet lysate produced from platelet apheresis components has been proposed as an alternative to serum eye drops in the treatment of ocular surface disease. This study compared the effects of platelet lysate and serum on growth factor, cytokine and nanoparticle concentrations, and corneal epithelial cell proliferation. Methods The concentration of growth factors, cytokines, and nanoparticles in platelet lysates manufactured from either fresh or expired platelet apheresis concentrations collected with Trima or Haemonetics technology was characterized and compared with those of allogeneic, autologous, and fetal calf serum. The ability to promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing was tested in vitro. Results Platelet lysate enriched the amount of transforming growth factor β1, platelet-derived growth factor –AB and –BB, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor compared with the two sera groups. The concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibronectin were significantly lower than in sera. There were no differences in nanoparticle concentrations. There was no significant difference in corneal epithelial cell proliferation. Platelet lysates were comparable to fetal calf serum in accelerating corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro. Conclusions Fresh and expired platelet lysates from the Trima and Haemonetics systems had higher growth factor concentrations than sera. The ability of platelet lysates to promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing was equivalent to sera. Translational Relevance Platelet lysates may serve as an efficient and reliable source of human growth factors for the treatment of ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daryl Crimmins
- National Component Development Laboratory, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James M Faed
- National Component Development Laboratory, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Flanagan
- National Component Development Laboratory, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dipika V Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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77
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Tatullo M, Marrelli B, Zullo MJ, Codispoti B, Paduano F, Benincasa C, Fortunato F, Scacco S, Zavan B, Cocco T. Exosomes from Human Periapical Cyst-MSCs: Theranostic Application in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:657-663. [PMID: 32210716 PMCID: PMC7085217 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community continuously strives to get new disease models, to discover early markers or novel therapeutic approaches, improving the diagnosis and prognosis of several human pathologies. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by a long asymptomatic phase, characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, the human Periapical Cyst-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hPCy-MSCs) have been differentiated in functional dopaminergic neurons: such oral-derived MSCs and the hPCy-MSCs-derived exosomes may represent a strategic and useful in vitro study-model, as well as intriguing therapeutic carriers. Circadian rhythm (CR) alteration variously impacts on PD pathways: an interesting research target is represented by the analysis of the exosomes released by dopaminergic neurons, derived from neural-differentiated hPCy-MSCs, after having reproduced in-vitro PD-like conditions. This review aims to describe the crosstalk among some aspects of circadian rhythm related to the onset of PD and the exosomes released by cells of PD patients. More in detail: the first part of this article will describe the main characteristics of circadian rhythm and the involvement of the exosomes found to be effective in the pathogenesis of PD. Finally, the authors will suggest how those exosomes derived from dopaminergic neurons, obtained by oral-derived stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) may represent a smart model for the in vitro research on PD, to find new biomarkers, to test new drugs or, fatally, to find new pathways applicable in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benedetta Marrelli
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Josephine Zullo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Caterina Benincasa
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortunato
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Kong Y. Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma activate YAP and promote the fibrogenic activity of Müller cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107973. [PMID: 32059976 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma (PRP-Exos) in the regulation of the fibrogenic activity of Müller cells and the underlying mechanism. We studied the effects of PRP-Exos on the fibrogenic activity of human retinal Müller cells (hMCs) in vitro. PRP-Exos were isolated from the plasma of diabetic rats (DM-PRP-Exos) and normal control rats (Nor-PRP-Exos) and then observed by transmission electron microscopy. After treatment with DM-PRP-Exos or Nor-PRP-Exos, the proliferation and migration of hMCs were measured in vitro. Western blotting was conducted to assess the levels of fibrogenic molecules and activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. In cultured hMCs, DM-PRP-Exos but not Nor-PRP-Exos effectively increased the proliferative and migratory activities and improved connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin expression. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of YAP could reduce the proliferative and migratory activities of hMCs induced by DM-PRP-Exo. Additionally, YAP knockdown inhibited the DM-PRP-Exo-induced up-regulation of CTGF and fibronectin. Furthermore, DM-PRP-Exo-induced PI3K-Akt signalling mediated YAP activation and the expression of CTGF and fibronectin. In summary, DM-PRP-Exos, through YAP activation, enhance both the proliferation and fibrogenic activity of Müller cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yichun Kong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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79
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Pocsfalvi G, Mammadova R, Ramos Juarez AP, Bokka R, Trepiccione F, Capasso G. COVID-19 and Extracellular Vesicles: An Intriguing Interplay. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:661-670. [PMID: 32957112 PMCID: PMC7573892 DOI: 10.1159/000511402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to become a long-lasting global health crisis. The number of people infected with the novel coronavirus has surpassed 22 million globally, resulting in over 700,000 deaths with more than 15 million people having recovered (https://covid19.who.int). Enormous efforts are underway for rapid vaccine and treatment developments. Amongst the many ways of tackling the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging. SUMMARY EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. They have established roles in lung immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including viral infection. In this review, we point out the roles and possible contribution of EVs in viral infections, as well as ongoing EV-based approaches for the treatment of COVID-19, including clinical trials. Key Messages: EVs share structural similarities to viruses and recent findings demonstrate that viruses exploit EVs for cellular exit and EVs exploit viral entry mechanisms for cargo delivery. Moreover, EV-virus interplay could be exploited for future antiviral drug and vaccine development. EV-based therapies, especially the mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs, are being intensively studied for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Extracellular Vesicles and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy,
| | - Ramila Mammadova
- Extracellular Vesicles and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Paulina Ramos Juarez
- Extracellular Vesicles and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ramesh Bokka
- Extracellular Vesicles and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
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80
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Adem B, Vieira PF, Melo SA. Decoding the Biology of Exosomes in Metastasis. Trends Cancer 2019; 6:20-30. [PMID: 31952777 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Cancer cells must adapt to colonize and thrive at the metastatic site. The modulation of the receptive organ microenvironment is a key event in the adaptation process and is partially accomplished at a distance by the primary tumor. Exosomes, a subclass of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are distal mediators of communication that carry genetic and molecular information to neighboring and distant cells. Cancer exosomes have been involved in restructuring metastatic sites to support cancer cell colonization. In this article, we discuss the role of exosomes in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Adem
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia F Vieira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sonia A Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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81
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Alexandru N, Constantin A, Nemecz M, Comariţa IK, Vîlcu A, Procopciuc A, Tanko G, Georgescu A. Hypertension Associated With Hyperlipidemia Induced Different MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Plasma, Platelets, and Platelet-Derived Microvesicles; Effects of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:280. [PMID: 31850358 PMCID: PMC6901790 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the expressed profiles of miRNAs in plasma, platelets, and platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) obtained from experimental induced atherosclerosis animal model and to investigate the effect of EPC transplantation on these profiles. Methods: Seventeen selected circulating miRNAs (miR-19a,-21,-126,-146a,-223,-26b,-92a,-222,-210,-221,-143,-10a,-145,-155,-34a,-204, and miR-214) were individually analyzed in plasma, platelets, and PMVs isolated from peripheral blood of hypertensive-hyperlipidemic hamsters treated or not with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and of healthy hamsters taken as control group. Results: Comparative with control group, in hypertension associated with hyperlipidemia the investigated miRNA expression profiles were different: (i) in plasma, the levels of all investigated miRNAs were significantly increased, the highest enhances being noticed for miR-21,-146a,-221,-143,-34a, and miR-204; (ii) in platelets, the expressions of almost all miRNAs were significantly elevated, remarkable for miR-126,-146a,-223,-222, and miR-214, while levels of miR-143, miR-10a, and miR-145 were significantly reduced; (iii) in PMVs, numerous miRNAs were found to have significantly increased levels, especially miR-222,-221,-210, and miR-34a, whereas expressions of various miRNAs as miR-223,-214,-146a,-143,-10a, and miR-145 were significantly decreased. The treatment with EPCs had the following reverse effects: (i) in plasma, significantly reduced the expression of miR-26b,-143,-34a,-204, and miR-214; (ii) in platelets, significantly decreased the levels of almost investigated miRNAs, with remarkably diminishing for miR-126 and miR-221; and (iii) in PMVs, significantly lowered the expression of some miRNAs, with considerably reductions for miR-222,-221,-210, and miR-19a, while the level of miR-214 was found elevated. Conclusions: The present study revealed that miRNAs have differential expression profiles in plasma, platelets, and PMVs under hypertension associated with hyperlipidemia conditions. The different miRNA profile in PMVs compared with platelets indicated an active mechanism of selective packing of miRNAs into PMVs from maternal cells; various miRNAs such as miR-19a,-21,-126,-26b,-92a,-155,-204,-210,-221,-222, and-34a delivered by PMVs may contribute to enrichment of circulating plasma miRNA expression. In addition, our study showed that the EPC-based therapy can regulate the expressions of investigated miRNAs into the three sources. These results provide novel information that could help in finding potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Nemecz
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comariţa
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anastasia Procopciuc
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Tanko
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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82
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Multia E, Tear CJY, Palviainen M, Siljander P, Riekkola ML. Fast isolation of highly specific population of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from blood plasma by affinity monolithic column, immobilized with anti-human CD61 antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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83
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Burnouf T, Agrahari V, Agrahari V. Extracellular Vesicles As Nanomedicine: Hopes And Hurdles In Clinical Translation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8847-8859. [PMID: 32009783 PMCID: PMC6859699 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical development of cell therapies is revealing that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may become very instrumental as subcellular therapeutic adjuncts in human medicine. EVs are released by various types of cells, grown in culture, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, or obtained from patients or allogeneic donors. Some EV populations (especially species of exosomes and shed microvesicles) exhibit inherent roles in cell-cell communication, thanks to their ca. 30~1000-nm nanosize and the physiological expression of cell-specific markers on their lipid bilayer membranes. Biomedical engineers are now attempting to exploit this cellular crosstalk capacity to use EVs as smart drug delivery systems that display substantial benefits in targeting, safety, and pharmacokinetics compared to synthetic nanocarriers. In parallel, the development of a set of nano-instrumentation, biochemical tools, and preclinical assays needed for optimal characterization of both naïve and drug-loaded EVs is ongoing. Although many hurdles remain, owing to the complexity of EV populations, translation of this “subcellular therapy” platform into reality is at hand and may soon change the landscape of the therapeutic arsenal in place to treat human degenerative and metabolic pathologies as well as diseases like cancer. This article provides objective opinions, balanced between unrealistic hopes of the capacity of EVs to resolve multiple clinical issues and concrete hurdles that have to be overcome to ensure that EVs are not lost in the translation phase, so that EVs can fulfill their promise by becoming a reliable therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vibhuti Agrahari
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Agrahari
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA, USA
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84
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Taus F, Meneguzzi A, Castelli M, Minuz P. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Target of Antiplatelet Agents. What Is the Evidence? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1256. [PMID: 31780927 PMCID: PMC6857039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived large extracellular vesicles (often referred to as microparticles in the field of cardiovascular disease) have been identified as effector in the atherothrombotic process, therefore representing a target of pharmacological intervention of potential interest. Despite that, limited evidence is so far available concerning the effects of antiplatelet agents on the release of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. In the present narrative review, the mechanisms leading to vesiculation in platelets and the pathophysiological processes implicated will be discussed. This will be followed by a summary of the present evidence concerning the effects of antiplatelet agents under experimental conditions and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Taus
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Meneguzzi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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85
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Vasconcelos MH, Caires HR, Ābols A, Xavier CPR, Linē A. Extracellular vesicles as a novel source of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for monitoring cancer progression and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100647. [PMID: 31704541 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been detected in the bloodstream and other biofluids of cancer patients. They carry various tumor-derived molecules such as mutated DNA and RNA fragments, oncoproteins as well as miRNA and protein signatures associated with various phenotypes. The molecular cargo of EVs partially reflects the intracellular status of their cellular origin, however various sorting mechanisms lead to the enrichment or depletion of EVs in specific nucleic acids, proteins or lipids. It is becoming increasingly clear that cancer-derived EVs act in a paracrine and systemic manner to promote cancer progression by transferring aggressive phenotypic traits and drug-resistant phenotypes to other cancer cells, modulating the anti-tumor immune response, as well as contributing to remodeling the tumor microenvironment and formation of pre-metastatic niches. These findings have raised the idea that cancer-derived EVs may serve as analytes in liquid biopsies for real-time monitoring of tumor burden and drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized recent longitudinal clinical studies describing promising EV-associated biomarkers for cancer progression and tracking cancer evolution as well as pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the relevance of EVs for monitoring the emergence or progression of drug resistance. Furthermore, we outlined the state-of-the-art in the development and commercialization of EV-based biomarkers and discussed the scientific and technological challenges that need to be met in order to translate EV research into clinically applicable tools for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artūrs Ābols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
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86
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Effects of an acute bout of exercise on circulating extracellular vesicles: tissue-, sex-, and BMI-related differences. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1108-1118. [PMID: 31578459 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recognized to evoke multisystemic adaptations that, particularly in obese subjects, reduce body weight, improve glucometabolic control, counteract sarcopenia, and lower the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of exercise-induced benefits is of great interest due to the therapeutic implications against obesity. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to evaluate time-related changes in size distribution and cell origin of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in obese and normal-weight subjects who underwent a moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill (at 60% of their VO2max). Blood samples were drawn before, immediately at the end of the exercise and during the postexercise recovery period (3 and 24 h). Circulating EVs were analyzed by a nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry after labeling with the following cell-specific markers: CD14 (monocyte/macrophage), CD61 (platelet), CD62E (activated endothelium), CD105 (total endothelium), SCGA (skeletal muscle), and FABP (adipose tissue). RESULTS In all subjects, acute exercise reduced the release of total (i.e., 30-700 nm) EVs in circulation, predominantly EVs in the microvesicle size range (i.e., 130-700 nm EVs). The postexercise release of microvesicles was higher in normal-weight than obese subjects; after exercise, circulating levels of exosomes (i.e., 30-130 nm EVs) and microvesicles were, respectively, lower and higher in females than males. In all experimental subgroups (males vs. females and obese vs. normal-weight subjects), acute exercise reduced and increased, respectively, CD61 + and SCGA + EVs, being the effect on CD61 + EVs prolonged up to 24 h after the end of the test with subjects in resting conditions. Total EVs, exosomes, and CD61 + EVs were associated with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Though preliminary, the results of the present study show that a single bout of acute exercise modulates the release of EVs in circulation, which are tissue-, sex-, and BMI specific, suggesting that the exercise-related benefits might depend upon a complex interaction of tissue, endocrine, and metabolic factors.
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87
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Zhang W, Dong X, Wang T, Kong Y. Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma mediate hyperglycemia-induced retinal endothelial injury via targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107813. [PMID: 31560926 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma (PRP-Exos) can regulate hyperglycemia-induced retinal injury via targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway. We studied the effects of PRP-Exos on retinal endothelial injury in diabetic rats and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in vitro. Isolated PRP-Exos were observed by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Samples were obtained from the retinas of rats and cultured HRECs after treatment to analyze reactive oxygen species levels. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were conducted to assess the levels of adhesion molecules and the TLR4 signaling pathway. The content of CXCL10 in PRP-Exos was analyzed by Western blot. The plasma level of PRP-Exos was greatly increased in diabetic rats. In cultured HRECs, PRP-Exos induced the production of malonyldialdehyde(MDA) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) and inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD). Further analysis showed that the activation of the TLR4 pathway by PRP-Exos played a pivotal role in regulating inflammation. The inhibition of the TLR4 pathway by TAK-242 had a robust protective effect on PRP-Exo-induced retinal endothelial injury in vitro and vivo. In addition, PRP-Exo-derived CXCL10 led to retinal endothelial injury, and antagonizing CXCL10 with a CXCL10-neutralizing antibody dramatically attenuated such injury. In summary, PRP-Exos mediate hyperglycemia-induced retinal endothelial injury by upregulating the TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yichun Kong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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88
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Kim MH, Byeon HS. Review for good platelet-rich plasma procedure in cosmetic dermatology and surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.25056/jcm.2019.3.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Medicine, GC iMED, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
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89
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Cognasse F, Laradi S, Berthelot P, Bourlet T, Marotte H, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Inflammatory Response to Stress. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1478. [PMID: 31316518 PMCID: PMC6611140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets play a central hemostatic role, (i) as they repair vascular epithelial damage, and (ii) they play immune defense roles, as they have the capacity to produce and secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and related products. Platelets sense and respond to local dangers (infectious or not). Platelets, therefore, mediate inflammation, express and use receptors to bind infectious pathogen moieties and endogenous ligands, among other components. Platelets contribute to effective pathogen clearance. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals released during inflammatory stress, such as burns, trauma and infection. Each pathogen is recognized by its specific molecular signature or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Recent data demonstrate that platelets have the capacity to sense external danger signals (DAMPs or PAMPs) differentially through a distinct type of pathogen recognition receptor (such as Toll-like receptors). Platelets regulate the innate immune response to pathogens and/or endogenous molecules, presenting several types of “danger” signals using a complete signalosome. Platelets, therefore, use complex tools to mediate a wide range of functions from danger sensing to tissue repair. Moreover, we noted that the secretory capacity of stored platelets over time and the development of stress lesions by platelets upon collection, processing, and storage are considered stress signals. The key message of this review is the “inflammatory response to stress” function of platelets in an infectious or non-infectious context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Sandrine Laradi
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Hubert Marotte
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
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90
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Zarà M, Guidetti GF, Camera M, Canobbio I, Amadio P, Torti M, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Biology and Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112840. [PMID: 31212641 PMCID: PMC6600675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be released by every cell type and they can be classified into three major groups according to their biogenesis, dimension, density, and predominant protein markers: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. During their formation, EVs associate with specific cargo from their parental cell that can include RNAs, free fatty acids, surface receptors, and proteins. The biological function of EVs is to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis by transferring critical biological cargos to distal or neighboring recipient cells. On the other hand, their role in intercellular communication may also contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including thrombosis. More recently, their physiological and biochemical properties have suggested their use as a therapeutic tool in tissue regeneration as well as a novel option for drug delivery. In this review, we will summarize the impact of EVs released from blood and vascular cells in arterial and venous thrombosis, describing the mechanisms by which EVs affect thrombosis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Scientific Direction, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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91
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Miyazawa B, Trivedi A, Togarrati PP, Potter D, Baimukanova G, Vivona L, Lin M, Lopez E, Callcut R, Srivastava AK, Kornblith LZ, Fields AT, Schreiber MA, Wade CE, Holcomb JB, Pati S. Regulation of endothelial cell permeability by platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86:931-942. [PMID: 31124890 PMCID: PMC7381393 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet (Plt)-derived extracellular vesicles (Plt-EVs) have hemostatic properties similar to Plts. In addition to hemostasis, Plts also function to stabilize the vasculature and maintain endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity. We hypothesized that Plt-EVs would inhibit vascular EC permeability, similar to fresh Plts. To investigate this hypothesis, we used in vitro and in vivo models of vascular endothelial compromise and bleeding. METHODS In the vitro model, Plt-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized for Plt markers and particle size distribution. Effects of Plts and Plt-EVs on endothelial barrier function were assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance measurements and histological analysis of endothelial junction proteins. Hemostatic potential of Plt-EVs and Plts was assessed by multiple electrode Plt aggregometry. Using an in vivo model, the effects of Plts and Plt-EVs on vascular permeability and bleeding were assessed in non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice by an established Miles assay of vascular permeability and a tail snip bleeding assay. RESULTS In the in vitro model, Plt-EVs displayed exosomal size distribution and expressed Plt-specific surface markers. Platelets and Plt-EVs decreased EC permeability and restored EC junctions after thrombin challenge. Multiplate aggregometry revealed that Plt-EVs enhanced thrombin receptor-activating peptide-mediated aggregation of whole blood, whereas Plts enhanced thrombin receptor-activating peptide-, arachidonic acid-, collagen-, and adenosine diphosphate-mediated aggregation. In the in vivo model, Plt-EVs are equivalent to Plts in attenuating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-induced vascular permeability and uncontrolled blood loss in a tail snip hemorrhage model. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to report that Plt-EVs might provide a feasible product for transfusion in trauma patients to attenuate bleeding, inhibit vascular permeability, and mitigate the endotheliopathy of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Miyazawa
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (B.M., A.T., D.P., L.V., M.L., S.P.), University of California; Blood Systems Research Institute (P.P.T., G.B.), San Francisco, California; Department of Surgery (EL., C.E.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Pediatric Surgery (A.K.S., J.B.H.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery (R.C., L.Z.K., A.T.F.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Surgery (M.A.S.), Oregon Health Science and University, Portland, Oregon
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92
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Rezaie J, Rahbarghazi R, Pezeshki M, Mazhar M, Yekani F, Khaksar M, Shokrollahi E, Amini H, Hashemzadeh S, Sokullu SE, Tokac M. Cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles: A highlight on exosome beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21732-21745. [PMID: 31140622 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles, released from many cell types including cardiac cells, have recently emerged as intercellular communication tools in cell dynamics. EVs are an important mediator of signaling within cells that influencing the functional behavior of the target cells. In heart complex, cardiac cells can easily use EVs to transport bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to the regulation of neighboring cell function. Cross-talk between intracardiac cells plays pivotal roles in the heart homeostasis and in adaptive responses of the heart to stress. EVs were released by cardiomyocytes under baseline conditions, but stress condition such as hypoxia intensifies secretome capacity. EVs secreted by cardiac progenitor cells and cardiosphere-derived cells could be pinpointed as important mediators of cardioprotection and cardiogenesis. Furthermore, EVs from many different types of stem cells could potentially exert a therapeutic effect on the damaged heart. Recent evidence shows that cardiac-derived EVs are rich in microRNAs, suggesting a key role in the controlling of cellular processes. EVs harboring exosomes may be clinically useful in cell-free therapy approaches and potentially act as prognosis and diagnosis biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Pezeshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mazhar
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farshid Yekani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khaksar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elhameh Shokrollahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Hashemzadeh
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadiye Emel Sokullu
- Engineering Sciences, Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tokac
- Cardiology Department, Medical Faculty, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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93
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Extracellular vesicles in cancer - implications for future improvements in cancer care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 15:617-638. [PMID: 29795272 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 967] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional cell-cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication predominantly involves the secretion of soluble factors by cancer cells and/or stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME), although these cell types have also been shown to export membrane-encapsulated particles containing regulatory molecules that contribute to cell-cell communication. These particles are known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and include species of exosomes and shed microvesicles. EVs carry molecules such as oncoproteins and oncopeptides, RNA species (for example, microRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs), lipids, and DNA fragments from donor to recipient cells, initiating profound phenotypic changes in the TME. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in cancer development, including pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Cancer cells are now recognized to secrete more EVs than their nonmalignant counterparts, and these particles can be isolated from bodily fluids. Thus, EVs have strong potential as blood-based or urine-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer. In this Review, we discuss the biophysical properties and physiological functions of EVs, particularly their pro-metastatic effects, and highlight the utility of EVs for the development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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94
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Proteome Profiling of Exosomes Purified from a Small Amount of Human Serum: The Problem of Co-Purified Serum Components. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020018. [PMID: 31035355 PMCID: PMC6630217 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human serum or plasma remains a technical challenge due to the contamination of these vesicles with lipoproteins and other abundant serum components. Here we aimed to test a simple method of EV isolation from a small amount of human serum (<1 mL) using the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) standalone for the discovery of vesicle-specific proteins by the untargeted LC–MS/MS shotgun approach. We selected the SEC fraction containing vesicles with the size of about 100 nm and enriched with exosome markers CD63 and CD81 (but not CD9 and TSG101) and analyzed it in a parallel to the subsequent SEC fraction enriched in the lipoprotein vesicles. In general, there were 267 proteins identified by LC–MS/MS in exosome-containing fraction (after exclusion of immunoglobulins), yet 94 of them might be considered as serum proteins. Hence, 173 exosome-related proteins were analyzed, including 92 proteins absent in lipoprotein-enriched fraction. In this set of exosome-related proteins, there were 45 species associated with the GO cellular compartment term “extracellular exosome”. Moreover, there were 31 proteins associated with different immune-related functions in this set, which putatively reflected the major role of exosomes released by immune cells present in the blood. We concluded that identified set of proteins included a bona fide exosomes components, yet the coverage of exosome proteome was low due to co-purified high abundant serum proteins. Nevertheless, the approach proposed in current work outperformed other comparable protocols regarding untargeted identification of exosome proteins and could be recommended for pilot exploratory studies when a small amount of a serum/plasma specimen is available.
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95
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Wu X, Liu Y, Wei W, Liu ML. Extracellular vesicles in autoimmune vasculitis - Little dirts light the fire in blood vessels. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:593-606. [PMID: 30959208 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic vasculitis is diverse group of autoimmune disorders which are characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls with deep aching and burning pain. Their underlying etiology and pathophysiology still remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, are membrane vesicular structures that are released either during cell activation, or when cells undergo programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Although EVs were thought as cell dusts, but now they have been found to be potently active since they harbor bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or multi-molecular complexes. EVs can serve as novel mediators for cell-to-cell communications by delivery bioactive molecules from their parental cells to the recipient cells. Earlier studies mainly focused on MVs budding from membrane surface. Recent studies demonstrated that EVs may also carry molecules from cytoplasm or even from nucleus of their parental cells, and these EVs may carry autoantigens and are important in vasculitis. EVs may play important roles in vasculitis through their potential pathogenic involvements in inflammation, autoimmune responses, procoagulation, endothelial dysfunction/damage, angiogenesis, and intimal hyperplasia. EVs have also been used as specific biomarkers for diagnostic use or disease severity monitoring. In this review, we have focused on the aspects of EV biology most relevant to the pathogenesis of vasculitis, discussed their perspective insights, and summarized the exist literature on EV relevant studies in vasculitis, therefore provides an integration of current knowledge regarding the novel role of EVs in systemic vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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97
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Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microparticles, their parts, and their targets to enable their biomanufacturing and clinical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:89-98. [PMID: 30851486 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles, the submicron-size microparticles and the nanometer-size exosomes, that carry RNAs, proteins and lipids from their parent cells. EV generation takes place under cellular activation or stress. Cells use EVs to communicate with other cells by delivering signals through their content and surface proteins. Beyond diagnostic and discovery applications, EVs are excellent candidates for enabling safe and potent cell and gene therapies, especially those requiring strong target specificity. Here we examine EVs, their engineering and applications by dissecting mechanistic and engineering aspects of their components that endow them with their unique capabilities: their cargo and membranes proteins. Both EV cargo and membranes can be independently engineered and used for various applications. We review early efforts for their biomanufacturing.
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98
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Yun CW, Lee SH. Enhancement of Functionality and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cell-Based Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040982. [PMID: 30813471 PMCID: PMC6412804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease usually triggers coronary heart disease, stroke, and ischemic diseases, thus promoting the development of functional failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells that can be isolated from various human tissues, with multipotent and immunomodulatory characteristics to help damaged tissue repair and avoidance of immune responses. Much research has proved the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of MSC-based therapy for cardiovascular disease. Despite the fact that the precise mechanism of MSCs remains unclear, their therapeutic capability to treat ischemic diseases has been tested in phase I/II clinical trials. MSCs have the potential to become an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disorders. The molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of MSCs in promoting engraftment and accelerating the functional recovery of injury sites is still unclear. It is hypothesized that the mechanisms of paracrine effects for the cardiac repair, optimization of the niche for cell survival, and cardiac remodeling by inflammatory control are involved in the interaction between MSCs and the damaged myocardial environment. This review focuses on recent experimental and clinical findings related to cardiovascular disease. We focus on MSCs, highlighting their roles in cardiovascular disease repair, differentiation, and MSC niche, and discuss their therapeutic efficacy and the current status of MSC-based cardiovascular disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 34538, Korea.
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99
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Tao SC, Guo SC. Extracellular vesicles in bone: "dogrobbers" in the "eternal battle field". Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:6. [PMID: 30658653 PMCID: PMC6339294 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout human life, bone is constantly in a delicate dynamic equilibrium of synthesis and resorption, hosting finely-tuned bone mineral metabolic processes for bone homeostasis by collaboration or symphony among several cell types including osteoclasts (OCs), osteoblasts (OBs), osteocytes (OYs), vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and their precursors. Beyond these connections, a substantial level of communication seems to occur between bone and other tissues, and together, they form an organic unit linked to human health and disease. However, the current hypothesis, which includes growth factors, hormones and specific protein secretion, incompletely explains the close connections among bone cells or between bone and other tissues. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely-distributed membrane structures consisting of lipid bilayers, membrane proteins and intravesicular cargo (including proteins and nucleic acids), ranging from 30 nm to 1000 nm in diameter, and their characters have been highly conserved throughout evolution. EVs have targeting abilities and the potential to transmit multidimensional, abundant and complicated information, as powerful and substantial "dogrobbers" mediating intercellular communications. As research has progressed, EVs have gradually become thought of as "dogrobbers" in bone tissue-the "eternal battle field" -in a delicate dynamic balance of destruction and reconstruction. In the current review, we give a brief description of the major constituent cells in bone tissues and explore the progress of current research on bone-derived EVs. In addition, this review also discusses in depth not only potential directions for future research to breakthrough in this area but also problems existing in current research that need to be solved for a better understanding of bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Venturella M, Carpi FM, Zocco D. Standardization of Blood Collection and Processing for the Diagnostic Use of Extracellular Vesicles. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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