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Acharya KP, Phuyal S. To vaccinate or not against highly pathogenic avian influenza? THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:100884. [PMID: 38761814 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Acharya
- Animal Disease Investigation and Control Division (ADICD), Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur 44600, Nepal.
| | - Sarita Phuyal
- Central Referral Veterinary Hospital, Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Tripureshwar, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Oh J, Ordoñez ELT, Velasquez E, Mejía M, Del Pilar Grazioso M, Rohloff P, Smith BA. Associating neuromotor outcomes at 12 months with wearable sensor measures collected during early infancy in rural Guatemala. Gait Posture 2024; 113:477-489. [PMID: 39126960 PMCID: PMC11381135 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive measures to predict neuromotor outcomes from data collected early in infancy are lacking. Measures derived from the recordings of infant movement using wearable sensors may be a useful new technique. METHODS We collected full-day leg movement of 41 infants in rural Guatemala across 3 visits between birth and 6 months of age using wearable sensors. Average leg movement rate and fuzzy entropy, a measure to describe the complexity of signals, of the leg movements' peak acceleration time series and the time series itself were derived. We tested the three measures for the predictability of infants' developmental outcome, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III motor, language, or cognitive composite score assessed at 12 months of age. We performed quantile regressions with clustered standard errors, accounting for the multiple visits for each infant. RESULTS Fuzzy entropy was associated with the motor composite score at the 0.5 quantiles; this association was not found for the other two measures. Also, no leg movement characteristic was associated with language or cognitive composite scores. CONCLUSION We propose that the entropy of leg movement associated peak accelerations calculated from the wearable sensor data collected for a full-day can be considered as one predictor for infants' motor developmental outcome assessed with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III at 12 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Oh
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Rohloff
- Wuqu' Kawoq | Maya Health Alliance, Guatemala; Division of Global Health equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA.
| | - Beth A Smith
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA; Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA.
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Babar ZUD. A conceptual framework to build effective medicine pricing policies for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:934-939. [PMID: 38908991 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Building effective medicine pricing policies is a challenging task in all high-, middle- and low-income countries. In high-income countries have stable health systems in place, trained workforce, as well as specialised agencies to evaluate innovative drugs for reimbursement. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) the challenges are manifold. A large majority of low- and middle-income countries lack technical expertise either to evaluate new medicines or to set efficient medicine prices. The countries also lack comparator reference pricing data to set prices. Also, there are significant out-of-pocket expenditures as people pay for medicines by themselves. An effective medicine pricing policy is vital in the context that it can be used as a tool to improve access and affordability among the masses. This discussion paper presents a conceptual framework to build effective medicine pricing policies for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The enablers to build effective medicine pricing policies are also discussed. This includes (a) data and statistics on the pharmaceutical situation of the country (b) Having a national medicine policy in the country (c) The availability of the medicine pricing data and (d) Human resources and technical capacity. WHO has recommended several strategies including External Price Referencing (EPR), Internal Reference pricing, Value-based pricing, Cost-plus pricing, and Generic medicine policies to build a pricing policy. However, this information is generic and it's a complex task for countries to tailor to their needs, hence a critical analysis is provided on these policies. The concepts related to fair medicine pricing, providing information to consumers and price transparency are also discussed.
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Golumbeanu M, Briët O, Champagne C, Lemant J, Winkel M, Zogo B, Gerhards M, Sinka M, Chitnis N, Penny M, Pothin E, Smith T. AnophelesModel: An R package to interface mosquito bionomics, human exposure and intervention effects with models of malaria intervention impact. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011609. [PMID: 39269993 PMCID: PMC11424000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, field and semi-field studies of malaria transmission have gathered geographic-specific information about mosquito ecology, behaviour and their sensitivity to interventions. Mathematical models of malaria transmission can incorporate such data to infer the likely impact of vector control interventions and hence guide malaria control strategies in various geographies. To facilitate this process and make model predictions of intervention impact available for different geographical regions, we developed AnophelesModel. AnophelesModel is an online, open-access R package that quantifies the impact of vector control interventions depending on mosquito species and location-specific characteristics. In addition, it includes a previously published, comprehensive, curated database of field entomological data from over 50 Anopheles species, field data on mosquito and human behaviour, and estimates of vector control effectiveness. Using the input data, the package parameterizes a discrete-time, state transition model of the mosquito oviposition cycle and infers species-specific impacts of various interventions on vectorial capacity. In addition, it offers formatted outputs ready to use in downstream analyses and by other models of malaria transmission for accurate representation of the vector-specific components. Using AnophelesModel, we show how the key implications for intervention impact change for various vectors and locations. The package facilitates quantitative comparisons of likely intervention impacts in different geographical settings varying in vector compositions, and can thus guide towards more robust and efficient malaria control recommendations. The AnophelesModel R package is available under a GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/SwissTPH/AnophelesModel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Golumbeanu
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Briët
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clara Champagne
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Lemant
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Munir Winkel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maximilian Gerhards
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Sinka
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nakul Chitnis
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Penny
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Emilie Pothin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Smith
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Maniego J, Harding C, Habershon-Butcher J, Hincks P, Ryder E. Administration and detection of a multi-target rAAV gene doping vector in horses using multiple matrices and molecular techniques. Gene Ther 2024; 31:477-488. [PMID: 38972888 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene doping, which includes the non-therapeutic use of genes or genetic elements that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited in horseracing and equestrian sports. To provide a comprehensive assessment of matrix and detection techniques, a custom adeno-associated virus serotype 8 vector was designed to include PCR binding sites for multiple target genes and assay types. The vector was injected via an intramuscular route into two Thoroughbred horses and matrices collected at defined timepoints. DNA was analysed using 3 detection methods: qPCR, digital PCR, and NGS. Overall, there was a strong correlation across the different detection methods employed, although digital PCR was less sensitive at lower concentrations. High concentrations of vector were detected at early timepoints in plasma and whole blood, which rapidly dropped after 0.5 d to trace levels by 4 d and 9 d post-administration respectively, following a similar pattern to previous studies. Vector was detected in dried blood spots at lower levels than whole blood, but with a similar detection time. Detection in hair root bulbs in one horse was observed at over a month post-administration, which opens new avenues for future gene doping testing in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Maniego
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Caitlin Harding
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | | | - Pamela Hincks
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Edward Ryder
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK.
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Ngure K, Browne EN, Reddy K, Friedland BA, van der Straten A, Palanee-Phillips T, Nakalega R, Gati B, Kalule HN, Siziba B, Soto-Torres L, Nair G, Garcia M, Celum C, Roberts ST. Correlates of Adherence to Oral and Vaginal Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) Participating in the MTN-034/REACH Trial. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2990-3000. [PMID: 38852114 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated correlates of adherence to PrEP, including daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination emtricitabine (oral FTC/TDF) and the monthly dapivirine ring (ring)among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in the MTN-034/REACH study. We enrolled 247 AGYW aged 16-21 years in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03074786). Participants were randomized to the order of oral FTC/TDF or ring use for 6 months each in a crossover period, followed by a 6-month choice period. We assessed potential adherence correlates-individual, interpersonal, community, study, and product-related factors-quarterly via self-report. We measured biomarkers of adherence monthly; high adherence was defined as > 4 mg dapivirine released from returned rings or intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels ≥ 700 fmol/punch from dried blood spots (DBS). We tested associations between correlates and objective measures of high adherence using generalized estimating equations. High adherence to oral FTC/TDF was significantly associated with having an older primary partner (p = 0.04), not having exchanged sex in the past 3 months (p = 0.02), and rating oral FTC/TDF as highly acceptable (p = 0.003). High ring adherence was significantly associated with unstable housing (p = 0.01), disclosing ring use to a male family member (p = 0.01), and noting a social benefit from study participation (p = 0.03). All associations were moderate, corresponding to about 6%-10% difference in the proportion with high adherence. In our multinational study, correlates of adherence among African AGYW differed for oral FTC/TDF and the ring, highlighting the benefit of offering multiple PrEP options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ngure
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 19704-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Erica N Browne
- Women's Global Health Imperative (WGHI), RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishnaveni Reddy
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ariane van der Straten
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- ASTRA Consulting, Kensington, CA, USA
| | - Thesla Palanee-Phillips
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rita Nakalega
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brenda Gati
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hadijah N Kalule
- Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bekezela Siziba
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lydia Soto-Torres
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah T Roberts
- Women's Global Health Imperative (WGHI), RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Kwong A, Leung R, Chan TC, Khandelwal A, Mishra K, Huang M. Cost-effectiveness of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment and Continued as a Single Agent Adjuvant Treatment for High-Risk Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Hong Kong. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:525-547. [PMID: 39037537 PMCID: PMC11333381 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phase III randomized KEYNOTE-522 trial demonstrated that pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab (pembrolizumab + chemotherapy) provided significant improvements in event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC). The objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab + chemotherapy compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy) in patients with high-risk eTNBC from a Hong Kong third-party payer perspective. METHODS A multistate transition model with four health states (event-free), locoregional recurrence, distant metastases, and death) was developed to assess the lifetime medical costs and health outcomes (3% annual discount), along with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) using efficacy and safety data from the KEYNOTE-522 trial. The health state utilities were derived from KEYNOTE-522 Euro-QoL-five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) data. Costs were expressed in 2022 Hong Kong dollars (HKD). Scenario and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of results. RESULTS Over a 32-year time horizon, base case results showed that pembrolizumab + chemotherapy was associated with a 3.42 year longer EFS and expected gains of 3.05 life years (LYs) and 2.45 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to chemotherapy. The resultant ICERs were HKD 135,200 per QALY gained and HKD 108,463 per LY gained, which were lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) cost-effectiveness threshold of three times gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for Hong Kong of HKD 1,171,308 per QALY. The one-way sensitivity analyses (OWSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) showed the results were robust across various inputs and alternative scenarios. CONCLUSION On the basis of the analysis conducted for a 56-year-old cohort with high-risk eTNBC and assumptions in the model, pembrolizumab + chemotherapy represents a cost-effective proposition (as the ICER is approximately 35% of the GDP per capita in Hong Kong) for patients with high-risk eTNBC in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Roland Leung
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Ching Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anvi Khandelwal
- Complete Health Economics and Outcomes Research Solutions (CHEORS), North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Kshama Mishra
- Complete Health Economics and Outcomes Research Solutions (CHEORS), North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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DiBlasi RM, KenKnight H, Kontoudios N, Farkas D, Momin MAM, Hall F, Hindle M, Longest W. Development of a New Dry Powder Aerosol Synthetic Lung Surfactant Product for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) - Part II: In vivo Efficacy Testing in a Rabbit Surfactant Washout Model. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1827-1842. [PMID: 39237797 PMCID: PMC11436456 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surfactant therapy incorporates liquid bolus instillation via endotracheal tube catheter and a mechanical ventilator in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Aerosolized surfactants have generated interest and conflicting data on the efficacy of phospholipid (PL) dose requirements. We developed and characterized a synthetic lung surfactant excipient enhanced growth (SLS-EEG) dry powder aerosol product. In this study, we compare the in vivo performance of the new aerosol product with standard-of-care liquid instillation. METHODS Juvenile rabbits were sedated, anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated. Endogenous surfactant was depleted via whole lung lavage. Animals received either a standard dose of liquid Curosurf (200 mg PL/kg) instilled via a tracheal catheter, SLS-EEG powder aerosol (60 mg device loaded dose; equivalent to 24 mg PL/kg), or sham control. Gas exchange, lung compliance, and indices of disease severity were recorded every 30 min for 3.5 h and macro- and microscopy images were acquired at necropsy. RESULTS While aerosol was administered at an approximately tenfold lower PL dose, both liquid-instilled and aerosol groups had similar, nearly complete recoveries of arterial oxygenation (PaO2; 96-100% recovery) and oxygenation index, and the aerosol group had superior recovery of compliance (P < 0.05). The SLS-EEG aerosol group showed less lung tissue injury, greater uniformity in lung aeration, and more homogenous surfactant distribution at the alveolar surfaces compared with liquid Curosurf. CONCLUSIONS The new dry powder aerosol SLS product (which includes the delivery strategy, formulation, and delivery system) has the potential to be a safe, effective, and economical alternative to the current clinical standard of liquid bolus surfactant instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M DiBlasi
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Hattie KenKnight
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Niko Kontoudios
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Dale Farkas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mohammad A M Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Felicia Hall
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sudhinaraset M, Gipson JD, Nakphong MK, Soun B, Afulani PA, Upadhyay UD, Patil R. Person-centered abortion care scale: Validation for medication abortion in the United States. Contraception 2024; 137:110485. [PMID: 38754758 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2024.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication abortions now make up the majority of abortions in the US, with new service delivery models such as telehealth; however, it is unclear how this may impact patient experiences. The objective of the study is to adapt and validate a person-centered abortion care (PCAC) scale for medication abortions that was developed in a global South context (Kenya) for use in the United States. STUDY DESIGN This study includes medication abortion patients from a hospital-based clinic who had one of two modes of service delivery: (1) telemedicine with no physical exam or ultrasound; or (2) in-person with clinic-based exams and ultrasounds. We conducted a sequential approach to scale development including: (1) defining constructs and item generation; (2) expert reviews; (3) cognitive interviews (n = 12); (4) survey development and online survey data collection (N = 182, including 45 telemedicine patients and 137 in-person patients); and (5) psychometric analyses. RESULTS Exploratory factor analyses identified 29-items for the US-PCAC scale with three subscales: (1) Respect and Dignity (10 items), (2) Responsive and Supportive Care (nine items for the full scale, one additional mode-specific item each for in-person and telemedicine), and (3) Communication and Autonomy (10 items for the full scale, one additional item for telemedicine). The US-PCAC had high content, construct, and criterion validity. It also had high reliability, with a standardized alpha for the full 29-item US-PCAC scale of 0.95. The US-PCAC score was associated with overall satisfaction. CONCLUSION This study found high validity and reliability of a newly-developed person-centered abortion care scale for use in the US. As medication abortion provision expands, this scale can be used in quality improvement efforts. IMPLICATIONS This study found high validity and reliability of a newly-developed person-centered care scale for use in the United States for in-person and telemedicine medication abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sudhinaraset
- Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Bixby Center to Advance Sexual and Reproductive Health Equity, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jessica D Gipson
- Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Bixby Center to Advance Sexual and Reproductive Health Equity, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle K Nakphong
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Soun
- Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patience A Afulani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ushma D Upadhyay
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rajita Patil
- UCLA Bixby Center to Advance Sexual and Reproductive Health Equity, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Muhammad A, Shafiq Y, Nisar MI, Baloch B, Pasha A, Yazdani NS, Rizvi A, Muhammad S, Jehan F. Effect of maternal postnatal balanced energy protein supplementation and infant azithromycin on infant growth outcomes: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:550-559. [PMID: 38925354 PMCID: PMC11393397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal undernutrition is a direct risk factor for infant growth faltering. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effect of postnatal balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation in lactating women and azithromycin (AZ) in infants on infant growth outcomes. METHODS A randomized controlled superiority trial of lactating mother-newborn dyads was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Mothers intending to breastfeed their newborns with mid-upper arm circumference of <23 cm and live infants between 0 and 6 d of life were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 arms in a 1:1:1 ratio. Lactating mothers in the control arm received standard-of-care counseling on exclusive breastfeeding, nutrition, infant immunization, and health promotion plus iron-folate supplementation until the infant was 6 mo old. In intervention arm 1, mothers additionally received two 75-g sachets of BEP per day. In intervention arm 2, along with the standard-of-care and BEP to the mother, the infant also received 1 dose of azithromycin (20 mg/kg) at the age of 42 d . The primary outcome was infant length velocity at 6 mo. The total sample size was 957 (319 in each arm). RESULTS From 1 August, 2018 to 19 May, 2020, 319 lactating mother-newborn dyads were randomly assigned in each arm, and the last follow-up was completed on 20 November, 2020. The mean difference in length velocity (cm/mo) between BEP alone and control was 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.03, 0.06), BEP plus AZ and control was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), and between BEP + AZ and BEP alone was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.11). There were 1.46% (14/957) infant deaths in the trial, and 17.9% (171/957) nonfatal events (injectable treatment and/or hospitalizations) were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal maternal BEP supplementation and infant AZ administration could modestly improve infant growth outcomes at 6 mo, suggesting potential benefits in simultaneously addressing maternal and infant undernutrition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03564652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Muhammad
- Vaccines and Other Initiatives to Advance Lives (VITAL) Pakistan Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Shafiq
- Center of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies and Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Global Advancement of Infants and Mothers (AIM), Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health (CRIMEDIM), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Vercelli, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Benazir Baloch
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Pasha
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Salman Yazdani
- Vaccines and Other Initiatives to Advance Lives (VITAL) Pakistan Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Centre of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Muhammad
- Centre of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Kelly P, VanBuskirk K, Coomes D, Mouksassi S, Smith G, Jamil Z, Hossain MS, Syed S, Marie C, Tarr PI, Sullivan PB, Petri WA, Denno DM, Ahmed T, Mahfuz M, Ali SA, Moore SR, Ndao IM, Tearney GJ, Ömer H Yilmaz, Raghavan SS, Moskaluk CA, Liu TC. Histopathology underlying environmental enteric dysfunction in a cohort study of undernourished children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia compared with United States children. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120 Suppl 1:S15-S30. [PMID: 39300660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an asymptomatic intestinal disorder associated with growth impairment, delayed neurocognitive development, and impaired oral vaccine responses. OBJECTIVES We set out to develop and validate a histopathologic scoring system on duodenal biopsies from a cohort study of children with growth failure in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia ("EED") with reference to biopsies from United States children with no clinically reported histologic pathology (referred to hereafter as "normal") or celiac disease. METHODS Five gastrointestinal pathologists evaluated 745 hematoxylin and eosin slide images from 291 children with EED (mean age: 1.6 y) and 66 United States children (mean age: 6.8 y). Histomorphologic features (i.e., villus/crypt architecture, goblet cells, epithelial and lamina propria acute/chronic inflammation, Brunner's glands, Paneth cells, epithelial detachment, enterocyte injury, and foveolar metaplasia) were used to score each histopathologic slide. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine differences between EED, normal, and celiac disease, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess predictive value. RESULTS Biopsies from the duodenal bulb showed higher intramucosal Brunner's gland scores and lower intraepithelial lymphocyte scores than from the second or third parts of the duodenum (D2/3), so only D2/3 were included in the final analysis. Although 7 parameters differed significantly between EED and normal biopsies in regression models, only 5 (blunted villus architecture, increased intraepithelial lymphocytosis, goblet cell depletion, Paneth cell depletion, and reduced intramucosal Brunner's glands) were required to create a total score percentage (TSP-5) that correctly identified EED against normal biopsies (AUC: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.983, 0.998). Geographic comparisons showed more severe goblet cell depletion in Bangladesh and more marked intraepithelial lymphocytosis in Pakistan. CONCLUSIONS This scoring system involving 5 histologic parameters demonstrates very high discrimination between EED and normal biopsies, indicating that this scoring system can be applied with confidence to studies of intestinal biopsies in EED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kelley VanBuskirk
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Zehra Jamil
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Md Shabab Hossain
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Chelsea Marie
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peter B Sullivan
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Donna M Denno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Asad Ali
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sean R Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - I Malick Ndao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shyam S Raghavan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christopher A Moskaluk
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Lane C, Ferguson BJ, Chandra-Mouli V. Is a search for game changers preventing us from focusing on the necessary tasks of systems strengthening and norm change to facilitate adolescent contraceptive use? Reprod Health 2024; 21:125. [PMID: 39215327 PMCID: PMC11365177 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With a keen awareness of the size and health needs of the global adolescent population, governments, nongovernment organizations and the technical and funding agencies that support them continue to seek innovative answers to persistent programming challenges to increasing contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents. Adolescents 360 (A360) is a project implemented by Population Services International (PSI) and partners with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). The first phase of the project was implemented from 2016 - 2020 in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A360 hypothesized that human centered design (HCD) could catalyze new insights into identifying and solving problems that limit adolescents' use of contraception. Despite initial promising results, A360 demonstrated very limited impact on modern contraceptive uptake among adolescents. The authors of this commentary were members of a technical advisory group to A360 and are uniquely positioned to provide insights on this project to complement those of A360's staff and evaluators, which are already in the public arena. Our analysis suggests that all stakeholders should take steps to rebalance their programs and investments to not only seek new solutions (i.e. game changers), but to also invest in the institutionalization of the solutions that have been generated over the past 40 years, prioritizing those that have shown evidence of effectiveness (i.e. adolescent responsive health service delivery) and those that demonstrate significant promise (i.e. social norm change).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lane
- Independent Consultant, Potomac, MD, USA.
| | - B J Ferguson
- Formerly, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization, Tannay, Switzerland
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Kuug AK, Daniels-Donkor SS, Laari TT, Atanuriba GA, Kumbeni MT, Daliri DB, Afaya RA, Yakong VN, Akurugu JA, Adawudu EA, Salia SM, Afaya A. Assessment of intention to use modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Benin: evidence from a national population-based survey. Contracept Reprod Med 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 39215322 PMCID: PMC11363446 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-024-00294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's intentions to use any contraceptive method are critical for better understanding their future needs and making them more likely to act on that intention. This study assessed the factors associated with the intention to use modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Benin. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used the 2017-2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The study analyzed a weighted sample of 13, 582 women of reproductive age who were non-users of contraceptives. The intention to use contraceptives was the outcome variable. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with the intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age. The results were estimated using an adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Approximately 35.0% of the women had the intention to use modern contraception. We found that women aged between 30 and 34 (aOR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.57, 0.86), 35-39 (aOR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.66), 40-44(aOR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.39) and 45-49 (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.14), Muslim women (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.53, 0.85) and those who perceived the distance to a health facility not to be a big problem (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67, 0.84) were less likely to have the intention to use modern contraceptives compared with their counterparts. On the other hand, women who attained primary (aOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.36), secondary (aOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.59), and higher education (aOR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.26), women who were employed (aOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.57), women with no religion (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.69), women whose partners were working (aOR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.16, 2.44), women who heard about family planning in the media (aOR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.16, 2.44), and women in the poorer (aOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.54), middle (aOR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.67]), richer (aOR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.47), and richest households (aOR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.75) were more likely to have the intention to use contraceptives than their counterparts. CONCLUSION The study provides valuable insights into the intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Benin. The findings indicate that the proportion of women who have intention to use contraceptives remains low. The findings of this study could inform the development of targeted interventions and policies to increase access to and uptake of contraceptives in Benin, with the ultimate aim of improving the reproductive health and well-being of women and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kolsabilik Kuug
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Maxwell Tii Kumbeni
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | | | - Richard Adongo Afaya
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Vida Nyagre Yakong
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jerry Apiini Akurugu
- Ghana Health Service, Kpikpira Health Centre, Tempane District, Bawku, Upper East Region, Ghana
| | - Emefa Awo Adawudu
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Solomon Mohammed Salia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Agani Afaya
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
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Matamoros N, Puchulu MB, Colman Lerner JE, Maury-Sintjago E, López JL, Sosio V, Belizán JM, Porta A, Cormick G. Feasibility of increasing calcium content of drinking tap water following quality regulations to improve calcium intake at population level. Gates Open Res 2024; 8:5. [PMID: 39319308 PMCID: PMC11421485 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.15184.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium intake is below recommendations in several parts of the world. Improving calcium intake has benefits not only for bone health but also helps to prevent pregnancy hypertension disorders. Calcium concentration of tap water is usually low The aim of the present study was to determine the maximum amount of calcium that can be added to tap water while complying with drinking water Argentine regulations. Methods Tap water samples were collected from the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Physicochemical properties and saturation index were measured. Different incremental concentrations of calcium chloride were added to the experimental aliquots. Results Baseline water had a mean calcium concentration of 22.00 ± 2.54 mg/L, water hardness of 89.9 ± 6.4 mg/L CaCO 3, and a saturation index of -1.50 ± 0.11. After the addition of 0.4554 ± 0.0071 g of salt, water hard-ness reached 355.0 ± 7.1 mg/L CaCO 3, a calcium concentration of 140.50 ± 2.12 mg/L, and a saturation index -0.53 ± 0.02. Conclusions This study shows that at laboratory level it is feasible to increase calcium concentration of drinking water by adding calcium chloride while complying with national standards. Calcium concentration of drinking tap water could be evaluated and minimum calcium concentration of tap water regulated so as to improve calcium intake in populations with low calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matamoros
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas "Prof. Dr. Fernando E. Viteri" Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica (IDIP), Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas "Prof. Dr. Fernando E. Viteri" Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica (IDIP), Ministerio de Salud/Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, 1900, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Bernardita Puchulu
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Colman Lerner
- Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CINDECA), CONICET, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduard Maury-Sintjago
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, 3800708, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIESP), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L López
- Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Sosio
- Departamento de Hidráulica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - José M Belizán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIESP), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Porta
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Cormick
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIESP), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang L, He Y, Wang P, Lou H, Liu H, Sha W. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals altered peripheral blood immune cells in patients with severe tuberculosis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:434. [PMID: 39198909 PMCID: PMC11360321 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious global health burden, resulting in millions of deaths each year. Several circulating cell subsets in the peripheral blood are known to modulate the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in different ways. However, the characteristics and functions of these subsets to varying stages of tuberculosis infection have not been well elucidated. Peripheral blood immune cells (PBICs) were isolated from healthy donors (HD group), individuals with mild tuberculosis (MI group), and individuals with severe tuberculosis (SE group). CD4+ naive T cells and CD8+ T cells were decreased in the SE and MI groups, while CD14+ monocytes were increased in the SE group. Further analysis revealed increased activated CD4+ T cells, transitional CD8+ T cells, memory-like NK cells, and IGHG3highTTNhighFCRL5high B cells were increased in all patients with tuberculosis (SE and MI group). In contrast, Th17 cells, cytotoxic NK cells, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were decreased. Moreover, the increase of CD14+CD16+ monocytes correlated with severe tuberculosis, and the GBP5highRSAD2high neutrophils were unique to patients with severe tuberculosis. Cellular communication analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells exhibited the highest incoming interaction strength in the SE group. The increased CD8+ T cell incoming interactions are associated with the MHC-I and LCK pathways, with HLA-(A-E)-CD8A, HLA-(A-E)-CD8B, and LCK-(CD8A+CD8B) being ligand-receptor pairs. Patients with tuberculosis, especially severe tuberculosis, have profound changes in peripheral blood immune cell profiles. CD8+ T cells showed the highest incoming interaction strength in patients with severe tuberculosis, with the main signals being MHC-I and LCK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya He
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lou
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Tuberculosis, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Motaharinezhad M, Yousefi Z, Rostami S, Goli S, Keramat A. Reproductive health needs of HIV serodiscordant couples: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1348026. [PMID: 39267649 PMCID: PMC11390637 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives HIV is closely linked to reproductive and sexual health. HIV Serodiscordant couples face significant social, reproductive, and sexual challenges. This systematic review aimed to identify their reproductive health needs. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Iranmedex. No date restrictions were applied, and only English-language articles published before February 21, 2023, were included. We also searched the grey literature and conducted forward/backward citation searches. Results From an initial 758 articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were qualitative (n = 10) and quantitative (n = 8). Key reproductive health needs included (1) childbearing intention, (2) HIV serodiscordance and sexuality, (3) psychological and social support, (4) training and consultation services, (5) access to reliable information, and (6) focused training for healthcare providers. Conclusion HIV-discordant couples face various reproductive health challenges. Implementing comprehensive guidelines for reproductive and sexual health, rehabilitation, and fertility planning is crucial to improving their quality of life and health. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023393567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Motaharinezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Goli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Keramat
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Houmaid H, Harou K, Fakhir B, Bassir A, Boukhanni L, Aboulfalah A, Asmouki H, Soummani A. Migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device into the bladder complicated by stone formation an exceptional complication: case report and literature review. Contracept Reprod Med 2024; 9:42. [PMID: 39192372 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-024-00302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a rare and unusual case of intravesical migration of an intrauterine device with stone formation. The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most common method of reversible contraception in women. However, its insertion is not without risk, it can cause early or late complications. IUD can perforate the uterus wall and migrate into adjacent structures. CASE PRESENTATION A 35 year-old female 5 gravid, 4 para has been benefited from intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) 5 years ago, she was presented to gynecological consultation for chronic pelvic pain with urinary symptoms. There was history of a good IUD insertion 5 years ago, considered expelled after one month of its pose. Physical examination was normal, but a pelvic ultrasound and a plain abdominal radiography allowed the detection of an IUD outside the uterine cavity, but inside bladder. A diagnostic and therapeutic cystoscopy was performed, and the IUD with calculus was successfully removed. There were no postoperative complications. CONCLUSION This case is reported to highlight and to reiterate the need to think about one of the rare complication of IUD insertion, which every practitioner must know, it's the transuterovesical migration, before concluding wrongly to its expulsion. It's a consequence of, non-compliance with the rules for inserting an IUD and poor monitoring. The evolution towards calcification is a certain consequence; its screening involves rigorous clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Houmaid
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | - Karam Harou
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Fakhir
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ahlam Bassir
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Boukhanni
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Aboulfalah
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hamid Asmouki
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abderraouf Soummani
- Gynecology Obstetrics Departement, Mohammed the VI University Medical Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
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Logan RAE, Mäurer JB, Wapler C, Ingham VA. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are associated with insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19821. [PMID: 39191827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality, with 249 million cases and over 608,000 deaths in 2022. Insecticides, which target the Anopheles mosquito vector, are the primary method to control malaria. The widespread nature of resistance to the most important insecticide class, the pyrethroids, threatens the control of this disease. To reverse the stall in malaria control there is urgent need for new vector control tools, which necessitates understanding the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance. In this study we utilised multi-omics data to identify uridine-diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) potentially involved in resistance across multiple Anopheles species. Phylogenetic analysis identifies sequence similarities between Anopheline UGTs and those involved in agricultural pesticide resistance to pyrethroids, pyrroles and spinosyns. Expression of five UGTs was characterised in An. gambiae and An. coluzzii to determine constitutive over-expression, induction, and tissue specificity. Furthermore, a UGT inhibitor, sulfinpyrazone, restored susceptibility to pyrethroids and DDT in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. funestus, the major African malaria vectors. Taken together, this study provides clear association of UGTs with pyrethroid resistance as well as highlighting the potential use of sulfinpyrazone as a novel synergist for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Agnes Ellis Logan
- Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Bettina Mäurer
- Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wapler
- Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Anne Ingham
- Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Cartwright AF, Callahan RL, Lawton A, Wong C, Muchiri O, Matan S. Assessing Acceptability of Biodegradable Contraceptive Implants in Kenya and Senegal. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 12:e2300503. [PMID: 39009469 PMCID: PMC11349507 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraceptive implants are popular in Africa, but barriers to removal exist. Biodegradable implants (BDIs) offer an alternative to the need for removal. This study explored potential user, provider, and other stakeholder perspectives on 2 BDI prototypes, revealing opportunities and challenges for introduction. METHODS We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women, men, family planning (FP) providers, community influencers, and FP policymakers and program staff in Kenya and Senegal. Characteristics of the 2 BDI prototypes were shared, and participants held and interacted with placebo prototypes. Structural coding was used to analyze the data focused on key product attributes, including biodegradation, removal potential, size, material, insertion site, and duration of effectiveness. RESULTS We conducted 16 FGDs and 35 IDIs with 106 participants in Kenya and 15 FGDs and 43 IDIs with 102 participants in Senegal. Overall, respondents liked the idea of a BDI, noting the avoidance of pain and scarring and reduced transport and costs as benefits of no removal requirement. Kenyan respondents expressed greater understanding of the biodegradation process than those in Senegal, though potential users in both countries expressed concerns about possible side effects associated with the process. In Senegal, mention of cholesterol in a BDI caused concern, while Kenyan participants responded positively to the same BDI being composed of organic materials. The second BDI product was viewed as more similar to existing implants, which providers preferred. Participants suggested increasing the pregnancy protection duration beyond 18 months. No clear preference between products emerged, and participants liked and disliked some characteristics of both. CONCLUSIONS Kenyan and Senegalese participants expressed interest in the BDI concept but expressed some reservations related to biodegradation, material, and side effects. BDIs offer the opportunity to expand contraceptive choice. However, messaging around product characteristics will be required for successful introduction and uptake.
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Durska A, Szpecht D, Gotz-Więckowska A, Strauss E. Association of ACE and AGTR1 variants with retinopathy of prematurity: a case-control study and meta-analysis. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00900-0. [PMID: 39186201 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide, linked to gene variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1). This study aims to evaluate the association between ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and AGTR1 rs5186A > C variants with the occurrence and progression of ROP in a Polish cohort. A total of 377 premature infants were enrolled in the study. The ACE variant was evaluated using PCR, and AGTR1 was assessed using TaqMan probes. Clinical characteristics, including risk factors and comorbidities, were documented. A meta-analysis of the effects of the studied variants on ROP was also conducted. The AGTR1 rs5186C allele was significantly associated with both the progression of ROP and treatment outcomes. Homozygotes exhibited a 2.47-fold increased risk of developing proliferative ROP and a 4.82-fold increased risk of treatment failure. The impact of this allele increased at low birth weight. A meta-analysis, including 191 cases and 1661 controls, indicated an overall risk of 1.7 (95%CI 1.02-2.84) for the recessive effect of the rs5186C allele. The ACE variant did not show a significant association with ROP in our population; however, a meta-analysis of 996 cases and 2787 controls suggested a recessive effect of the insertion allele (an odds ratio of 1.21 (95%CI 1.00-1.60)). These results indicate that gain-of-function AGTR1 variants may play a crucial role in the development of ROP, potentially by promoting angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory effects. Screening for these variants could facilitate the development of personalized risk assessment and treatment strategies for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Durska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Szpecht
- Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Gotz-Więckowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Strauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
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Aghazadeh N, Jabbari Farooji S, Haghani S, Amini L. Effectiveness of multimedia education on the childbearing intention in one-child women: a field trial study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:921. [PMID: 39183310 PMCID: PMC11346200 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND childbearing is a key component of population movements and sustainable development in low-fertility nations. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of multimedia education on the childbearing intention in One-child women of Maragheh city. METHOD In this intervention study in Maragheh in 2023, 94 women with one child were randomly selected and placed in two intervention and control groups. Before the intervention, people were examined using demographic information and Miller's questionnaire of desire to have children. Then, For the intervention group, three 60-minute multimedia training videos were shown in person for three weeks, and the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected using the researcher's demographic questionnaire and Miller's childbearing questionnaire in three stages before the intervention, immediately after and six weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 16 software. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the average score of desire to have children and demographic variables (p > 0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the demographic characteristics of the subjects and the average score of women's willingness to have children in the positive and negative dimensions. While after the multimedia educational intervention, the average score of desire to have children in positive and negative dimensions, immediately after the intervention and six weeks after the intervention, had a significant difference compared to before the intervention (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of the study showed that carrying out multimedia educational interventions to single-child women can have a positive effect on their desire to have children. It seems that the implementation of such programs is effective in the conscious decision of families to have children and ultimately increases the intention of the individual to carry out the behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20230227057549N1. Date of registration: 16/04/2023. URL: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Aghazadeh
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Shima Haghani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center (NCRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Amini
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center (NCRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li GF, Yu G, Li MF. Predicting plasma protein binding of drugs in special populations: Are all models wrong, but can some be recalibrated, refined, and become more useful? J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00345-9. [PMID: 39181448 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fu Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Guo Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Feng Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Musimbi J, Musyoki H, Mugambi M, Kaosa S, Kioko J, Aluko D, Wanjiru W, Wambua S, Prakash R, Isac S, Bhattacharjee P, Emmanuel F. Programmatic mapping and estimating the population size of female sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and transgender populations in Kenya. Gates Open Res 2024; 6:112. [PMID: 39035422 PMCID: PMC11259589 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13623.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effective coverage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevention services for Key Populations (KPs) including female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender (TG) people necessitates periodic validation of physical venues and size estimates. Kenya conducted a robust size estimation of KPs in 2012 and a repeat mapping and size estimation exercise was conducted in 2018 to update KP Size Estimates and sub-typologies within each County for calculation of realistic program indicators. Methods A prospective mixed methods programmatic mapping approach adopted comprised two steps. The first step involved consolidating and documenting all known venues where KPs congregate while the second step included visiting and validating these venues confirming their active status. Data were collected in 34 out of 47 Counties in Kenya between January and March 2018. Data collected included estimated number of KPs (range), venue typology and timing of operation of each venue. Results We estimated a total number of 167,940 (129,271 to 206,609) FSWs; 32,580 (24,704 to 40,455) MSM; 16,063 (12,426 to 19,691) PWIDs and 4,305 (2,826 to 5,783) transgender people congregating at 10,250, 1,729, 401 and 1,218 venues respectively. Majority of the venues for FSW (81%), MSM (64%) and transgender people (67%) were bars with and without lodging, PWIDs were mostly found on streets and injecting dens (70%). Around 9% of FSW and MSM and11% of PWIDs were below the age of 18 years. Conclusion This study provided information on young KPs, female PWIDs, MSWs and for the first time, TG people in Kenya. The exercise updated size estimates of KPs by typology and provided new evidence for resource allocation, planning of interventions and targets. Programmatic mapping continues to be a useful approach supporting programs to achieve high levels of coverage and prioritize resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Musimbi
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, 00506, Kenya
| | - Helgar Musyoki
- The Global Fund, 1218 Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary Mugambi
- National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, 00202, Kenya
| | - Shem Kaosa
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, 00506, Kenya
| | - Japheth Kioko
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, 00506, Kenya
| | - Diane Aluko
- Global Health Program, University of California San Francisco, Nairobi, 00400, Kenya
| | - Waruiru Wanjiru
- Global Health Program, University of California San Francisco, Nairobi, 00400, Kenya
| | - Solomon Wambua
- Key Population Consortium of Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Shajy Isac
- Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Parinita Bhattacharjee
- Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, 00506, Kenya
- Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Faran Emmanuel
- Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
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Tenza S, Mampuru L, Moji M, Zulu S, Begg L, Bruce IV, Reddy K, Friedland BA, Palanee-Phillips T, Mathur S. "Killing two birds with one stone" - a qualitative study on women's perspectives on the dual prevention pill in Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:462. [PMID: 39174929 PMCID: PMC11342472 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV incidence remains high in South Africa, with ~ 60% of all new HIV infections among adolescent girls and women (Country factsheets HIV and AIDS Estimates, 2022). Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), approved for HIV prevention in South Africa since 2015, is hampered by low uptake and adherence, particularly among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Combining oral PrEP with oral contraceptives could increase PrEP uptake, persistence and address unmet needs for contraception. We investigated the acceptability of a dual prevention pill (DPP), combining oral PrEP and a combined oral contraceptive (COC) for HIV and pregnancy prevention among women in Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS Between March-July 2021, we conducted 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) with adolescent girls and women (n = 74) aged 16-40 stratified by ages (16-17, 18-24, 25-40), half of whom were COC users. We explored adolescent girls and women's opinions about the DPP concept, existing HIV and pregnancy prevention options, and input on perceived facilitators and barriers to DPP use. FGDs were conducted in English or isiZulu, using a standardized interview guide. FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed to English and analyzed using ethnographic content analysis. RESULTS The majority viewed the DPP favorably as a multipurpose option preventing unplanned pregnancy and HIV. Most saw it as a convenient "two-in-one" solution, requiring one clinic visit for both PrEP and COCs. AGYW were viewed as the most likely to benefit from the DPP due to the likelihood of multiple partners and unplanned sex, possibly preventing school dropout from unplanned pregnancy or HIV acquisition. The DPP was perceived to be more reliable than condoms, especially when condom negotiation is limited. Benefits were also seen by participants in rape cases, protecting against pregnancy and HIV. DPP use barriers included side effect concerns, unsupportive partners and judgmental healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The DPP was perceived as acceptable for HIV and pregnancy prevention to AGYW in Johannesburg and its dual indications helpful in supporting improved PrEP uptake and persistence. DPP implementation programs need to consider solutions to potential barriers, like education on DPP benefits, coupled with reliable side effect support and healthcare provider sensitization as part of routine sexual health services to encourage uptake and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyanda Tenza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lydia Mampuru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mpho Moji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sihle Zulu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lorna Begg
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene V Bruce
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krishnaveni Reddy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Thesla Palanee-Phillips
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sanyukta Mathur
- Social and Behavioral Research, Population Council, Washington, DC, USA
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Lawford H, Tukia ‘O, Takai J, Sheridan S, Lau CL. Operational research to inform post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Tonga study protocol: History of lymphatic filariasis elimination, rational, objectives, and design. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307331. [PMID: 39163407 PMCID: PMC11335152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a mosquito-borne helminth infection, is an important cause of chronic disability globally. The World Health Organization has validated eight Pacific Island countries as having eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem, but there are limited data to support an evidence-based approach to post-validation surveillance (PVS). Tonga was validated as having eliminated LF in 2017 but no surveillance has been conducted since 2015. This paper describes a protocol for an operational research project investigating different PVS methods in Tonga to provide an evidence base for national and regional PVS strategies. METHODS Programmatic baseline surveys and Transmission Assessment Surveys conducted between 2000-2015 were reviewed to identify historically 'high-risk' and 'low-risk' schools and communities. 'High-risk' were those with LF antigen (Ag)-positive individuals recorded in more than one survey, whilst 'low-risk' were those with no recorded Ag-positives. The outcome measure for ongoing LF transmission will be Ag-positivity, diagnosed using Alere™ Filariasis Test Strips. A targeted study will be conducted in May-July 2024 including: (i) high and low-risk schools and communities, (ii) boarding schools, and (iii) patients attending a chronic-disease clinic. We estimate a total sample size of 2,010 participants. CONCLUSIONS Our methodology for targeted surveillance of suspected 'high-risk' populations using historical survey data can be adopted by countries when designing their PVS strategies. The results of this study will allow us to understand the current status of LF in Tonga and will be used to develop the next phase of activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Lawford
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - ‘Ofa Tukia
- Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Nuku’alofa, Tonga
| | - Joseph Takai
- Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Nuku’alofa, Tonga
| | - Sarah Sheridan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colleen L. Lau
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kabunga A, Kigongo E, Okalo P, Udho S, Grace AA, Tumwesigye R, Akello AR, Musinguzi M, Acup W, Nabaziwa J, Shikanga EM, Namata H. Burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in central Uganda. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305713. [PMID: 39159180 PMCID: PMC11332927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread problem of burnout among healthcare workers is not only common but also a significant concern that impacts the entire healthcare system in Uganda. It is essential to understand the connection between burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in the specific context of central Uganda, where healthcare professionals face high patient volumes, limited resources, exposure to infectious diseases, and socioeconomic challenges. This study examined the relationship between burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in central Uganda. METHODS This research utilized a cross-sectional study conducted across various healthcare settings in central Uganda. The data were analyzed at descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate levels. The relationship between dependent and independent variables was evaluated using an independent t-test for binary variables and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for categorical variables. Significance was determined with a reported p-value, with relationships deemed significant at p < 0.2. For multivariable analysis, multiple linear regression was employed using a forward selection method, with significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS Our findings indicate that nearly 40% of healthcare workers reported experiencing high levels of burnout. The average score for overall quality of life was 10.71 (±4.89), with variations observed across different domains. The study reveals a significant connection between socio-demographic factors, burnout, and overall quality of life, emphasizing the impact of job category, supervisory support, sleep quality, and burnout on the well-being of healthcare workers. Predictive analysis illustrates how these factors influence both overall quality of life scores and scores in specific domains. Particularly noteworthy is that nurses and technicians tend to have a lower quality of life compared to physicians. CONCLUSION The results underscore the relationship between socio-demographic factors, burnout, and particular aspects of quality of life. Notably, job category, supervisory support, sleep quality, and burnout stand out as significant factors shaping the well-being of healthcare workers. Nurses and technicians encounter distinct challenges, suggesting the need for interventions tailored to their needs. Addressing issues such as inadequate supervisory support, burnout, and sleep-related problems is recognized as a potential approach to improving the overall quality of life among healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kabunga
- Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Eustes Kigongo
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | | | - Samson Udho
- Department of Midwifery, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | | | | | - Anne Ruth Akello
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | | | - Walter Acup
- Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Jannat Nabaziwa
- Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | | | - Haliama Namata
- Department of Mental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Chavula MP, Matenga TFL, Maritim P, Munakampe MN, Habib B, Liusha N, Banda J, Sinyangwe NN, Halwiindi H, Mweemba C, Mubanga A, Kaonga P, Chewe M, Phiri H, Zulu JM. Collaboration for implementation of decentralisation policy of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis services in Zambia. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:112. [PMID: 39160603 PMCID: PMC11331766 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infections are a public health concern. Since 2017, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Zambia, in collaboration with its partners, has been implementing decentralised MDR-TB services to address the limited community access to treatment. This study sought to explore the role of collaboration in the implementation of decentralised multi drug-resistant tuberculosis services in Zambia. METHODS A qualitative case study design was conducted in selected provinces in Zambia using in-depth and key informant interviews as data collection methods. We conducted a total of 112 interviews involving 18 healthcare workers, 17 community health workers, 32 patients and 21 caregivers in healthcare facilities located in 10 selected districts. Additionally, 24 key informant interviews were conducted with healthcare workers managers at facility, district, provincial, and national-levels. Thematic analysis was employed guided by the Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. FINDINGS The principled engagement was shaped by the global health agenda/summit meeting influence on the decentralisation of TB, engagement of stakeholders to initiate decentralisation, a supportive policy environment for the decentralisation process and guidelines and quarterly clinical expert committee meetings. The factors that influenced the shared motivation for the introduction of MDR-TB decentralisation included actors having a common understanding, limited access to health facilities and emergency transport services, a shared understanding of challenges in providing optimal patient monitoring and review and their appreciation of the value of evidence-based decision-making in the implementation of MDR- TB decentralisation. The capacity for joint action strategies included MoH initiating strategic partnerships in enhancing MDR-TB decentralisation, the role of leadership in organising training of healthcare workers and of multidisciplinary teams, inadequate coordination, supervision and monitoring of laboratory services and joint action in health infrastructural rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Principled engagement facilitated the involvement of various stakeholders, the dissemination of relevant policies and guidelines and regular quarterly meetings of clinical expert committees to ensure ongoing support and guidance. A shared motivation among actors was underpinned by a common understanding of the barriers faced while implementing decentralisation efforts. The capacity for joint action was demonstrated through several key strategies, however, challenges such as inadequate coordination, supervision and monitoring of laboratory services, as well as the need for collaborative efforts in health infrastructural rehabilitation were observed. Overall, collaboration has facilitated the creation of a more responsive and comprehensive TB care system, addressing the critical needs of patients and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malizgani Paul Chavula
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tulani Francis L Matenga
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patricia Maritim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Yakini Health Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Margarate N Munakampe
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Yakini Health Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Batuli Habib
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Namakando Liusha
- Ministry of Health, Kitwe Teaching Hospital, Off Kumboka Drive, P.O. Box 20969, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Jeremiah Banda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ntazana N Sinyangwe
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hikabasa Halwiindi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chris Mweemba
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Angel Mubanga
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, P.O. box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwimba Chewe
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Henry Phiri
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, P.O. box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Mumba Zulu
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Byabagambi JB, Hollingsworth B, Limmer M. Deficits and opportunities, pivots and shifts for scaling-up voluntary medical male circumcision in Uganda: a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2232. [PMID: 39152417 PMCID: PMC11329999 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) being a cost-effective intervention for preventing HIV transmission, its scale-up has faced challenges. Several interventions to address these challenges in priority countries, including Uganda, have not yielded the desired results. This cross-sectional qualitative study aimed to explore the factors that affect the demand for VMMC and identify possible solutions. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 29 males aged at least 18 and not more than 65 drawn randomly from a database representative of the general population maintained by an independent research organisation. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, and data analysis was done using NVivo version 12. The results were presented in narrative format with supporting quotes. The study received ethical and regulatory clearance to be conducted in Uganda. The average age of the respondents was 28 years. Almost all respondents had some education, and most lived in rural areas. Two themes were generated, namely, 1) deficits and opportunities for VMMC, which are issues that currently hinder the uptake of VMMC but, if addressed, would lead to better demand, and 2) pivots and shifts for VMMC, which are changes that need to be made to improve the uptake of VMMC. We found that several challenges, including myths, misconceptions, health system gaps, and uncertainties about the postoperative period, hindered the uptake of VMMC. Pivots and shifts for improving the uptake of VMMC include intensifying VMMC campaigns, addressing inequities, and addressing access barriers. We concluded that several challenges, including myths and misconceptions, health system-related gaps, and uncertainties in the post-circumcision period, persist and negatively impact the scale-up of VMMC in Uganda. VMMC beneficiaries have plausible proposals for addressing challenges. The Uganda Ministry of Health should address the myths, misconceptions, health system-related gaps, and uncertainties about the postoperative period and should involve VMMC beneficiaries in reviewing interventions to address gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Limmer
- Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Fu X, Franchak JM, MacNeill LA, Gunther KE, Borjon JI, Yurkovic-Harding J, Harding S, Bradshaw J, Pérez-Edgar KE. Implementing mobile eye tracking in psychological research: A practical guide. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02473-6. [PMID: 39147949 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Eye tracking provides direct, temporally and spatially sensitive measures of eye gaze. It can capture visual attention patterns from infancy through adulthood. However, commonly used screen-based eye tracking (SET) paradigms are limited in their depiction of how individuals process information as they interact with the environment in "real life". Mobile eye tracking (MET) records participant-perspective gaze in the context of active behavior. Recent technological developments in MET hardware enable researchers to capture egocentric vision as early as infancy and across the lifespan. However, challenges remain in MET data collection, processing, and analysis. The present paper aims to provide an introduction and practical guide to starting researchers in the field to facilitate the use of MET in psychological research with a wide range of age groups. First, we provide a general introduction to MET. Next, we briefly review MET studies in adults and children that provide new insights into attention and its roles in cognitive and socioemotional functioning. We then discuss technical issues relating to MET data collection and provide guidelines for data quality inspection, gaze annotations, data visualization, and statistical analyses. Lastly, we conclude by discussing the future directions of MET implementation. Open-source programs for MET data quality inspection, data visualization, and analysis are shared publicly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - John M Franchak
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Leigha A MacNeill
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kelley E Gunther
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy I Borjon
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Center for Learning Disorders, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Samuel Harding
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jessica Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Koraly E Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Zimmerman LA, Sarria I, Kassa M, Karp C, Seme A, Shiferaw S. Identifying what contraceptive side effects women are told about during counseling using nationally representative PMA Ethiopia 2019 cross-sectional data. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002111. [PMID: 39146378 PMCID: PMC11326631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite widespread concerns about contraceptive side effects among contraceptive users, few studies explore the specific side effects women are told about during contraceptive counseling. It is thus unclear whether women receive appropriate and sufficient information on side effects they may experience. The objective of this study is to describe which specific side effects of hormonal contraception or copper IUD users are counseled on and identify relevant user characteristics associated with receipt of counseling, using nationally representative cross-sectional data from Ethiopia. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of women between October and December 2019. Analyses were restricted to 2,039 current users of hormonal contraception (implant, injectable, pill, or emergency contraception) or the copper IUD. Descriptive analyses identified the types and number of side effects, across all methods and by the injectable, implant, and pill. Multinomial regression identified factors associated with receipt of counseling on bleeding changes only, non-bleeding changes only, or both, relative to no counseling on side effects, adjusting for method type, source, and socio-economic characteristics. Less than 10% of users were told of at least one bleeding and non-bleeding side effect. Relative to implant users, injectable and other method users were less likely to be told about bleeding changes only (aRRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.93 and aRRR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.61, respectively) and users of other methods were less likely to be told about both a bleeding and non-bleeding change (aRRR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.93). Users who received their method from a non-public source were less likely to receive counseling on any kind of side effect and nulliparous women were less likely to be told about both kinds of side effects. There is need to improve counseling on the method specific side effects on which women are counseled, particularly in the private sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea A Zimmerman
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isabella Sarria
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Munir Kassa
- Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Celia Karp
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Assefa Seme
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Zhang WY, Zheng XL, Coghi PS, Chen JH, Dong BJ, Fan XX. Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1438030. [PMID: 39206192 PMCID: PMC11349682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccines has been widely recognized and has led to increased research and development efforts. Vaccines also play a crucial role in cancer treatment by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. However, enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines remains a challenge. Adjuvants, which enhance the immune response to antigens and improve vaccine effectiveness, have faced limitations in recent years, resulting in few novel adjuvants being identified. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in drug development has provided a foundation for adjuvant screening and application, leading to a diversification of adjuvants. This article reviews the significant role of tumor vaccines in basic research and clinical treatment and explores the use of AI technology to screen novel adjuvants from databases. The findings of this review offer valuable insights for the development of new adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Zhang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Paolo Saul Coghi
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing-Jun Dong
- Gynecology Department, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Celis CR, Ecker L, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Alcalá-Marcos K, Atamari-Anahui N, Balmaceda MP, Florian K, Paredes de la Fuente R, Howard LM, Grijalva CG, Lanata CF. Acceptance of a third COVID-19 vaccine dose, vaccine interchangeability, and clinical trial enrolment among parents of children 12-17 years in Lima, Perú. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1421746. [PMID: 39206012 PMCID: PMC11349562 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize factors associated with parental willingness for their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine trial, use of different COVID-19 vaccines and acceptance of a third vaccine dose. Methods Parents of children aged 12-17 years in Lima, Perú were asked to complete an online questionnaire via social networks, from November 9, 2021, to April 23, 2022. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare factors with the mentioned outcomes. Results From 523 parents responding, 374 completed the survey. 90.4% would give their children a third vaccine dose, 36.6% would allow their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, and 33.2% would accept different vaccine brands between doses. Parental belief that COVID-19 vaccine studies met quality standards was associated with acceptance of a third booster dose (adjusted PR 3.25; 95% CI1.57-6.74; p = 0.002), enrolment in a COVID-19 clinical trial (adjusted PR 4.49; 95% CI1.25-16.06; p = 0.02), and acceptance of different COVID-19 vaccine brands between doses (adjusted PR 10.02; 95% CI1.40-71.95; p = 0.02). Conclusion Most parents would accept a third vaccine booster dose, approximately a third would participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Believing COVID-19 vaccines studies fulfilled quality standards was associated with the study outcomes. It is necessary to inform about the rigorous processes for the development of COVID-19 vaccines to generate confidence in parents to accept these vaccine-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Ecker
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Katherine Alcalá-Marcos
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
- Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular “Carlos Alberto Peschiera Carrillo” – INCOR, Lima, Peru
| | - Noé Atamari-Anahui
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Pia Balmaceda
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Paredes de la Fuente
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai West/Morningside Hospital, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leigh M. Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carlos G. Grijalva
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claudio F. Lanata
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Ngoma-Hazemba A, Chavula MP, Sichula N, Silumbwe A, Mweemba O, Mweemba M, Simpungwe MK, Phiri H, Kasengele CT, Halwiindi H, Munakampe MN, Zulu JM. Exploring the barriers, facilitators, and opportunities to enhance uptake of sexual and reproductive health, HIV and GBV services among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2191. [PMID: 39138556 PMCID: PMC11321158 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents and young women in low-middle-income countries face obstacles to accessing HIV, Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), and related Gender-Based Violence (GBV) services. This paper presents facilitators, opportunities, and barriers to enhance uptake of HIV, GBV, and SRH services among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in selected districts in Zambia. METHODS This study was conducted in Chongwe, Mazabuka, and Mongu Districts among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia. Key informants (n = 29) and in and out-of-school adolescents and young people (n = 25) were interviewed. Purposive sampling was used to select and recruit the study participants. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a content analysis approach was used for analysis. RESULTS The facilitators that were used to enhance the uptake of services included having access to health education information on comprehensive adolescent HIV and gender-based violence services. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were the main source of this information. The opportunities bordered on the availability of integrated approaches to service delivery and strengthened community and health center linkages with referrals for specialised services. However, the researchers noted some barriers at individual, community, and health system levels. Refusal or delay to seek the services, fear of side effects associated with contraceptives, and long distance to the health facility affected the uptake of services. Social stigma and cultural beliefs also influenced the understanding and use of the available services in the community. Health systems barriers were; inadequate infrastructure, low staffing levels, limited capacity of staff to provide all the services, age and gender of providers, and lack of commodities and specialised services. CONCLUSION The researchers acknowledge facilitators and opportunities that enhance the uptake of HIV, GBV, and SRH services. However, failure to address barriers at the individual and health systems level always negatively impacts the uptake of known and effective interventions. They propose that programme managers exploit the identified opportunities to enhance uptake of these services for the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ngoma-Hazemba
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Malizgani Paul Chavula
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Noah Sichula
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, PO Box, 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Adam Silumbwe
- Department of Community Education and Lifelong Learning, School of Education, University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Oliver Mweemba
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mable Mweemba
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Henry Phiri
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, PO Box, 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chowa Tembo Kasengele
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, PO Box, 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hikabasa Halwiindi
- Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, Haile Selassie Avenue, PO Box, 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Margarate N Munakampe
- Department of Community Education and Lifelong Learning, School of Education, University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Mumba Zulu
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umea, Sweden
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Zimmerman LA, Karp C, Shiferaw S, Seme A, Bell SO. Assessing the effect of concerns about contraceptive-induced fertility impairment on hormonal contraceptive use by parity and residence: evidence from PMA Ethiopia 2020 cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077192. [PMID: 39142681 PMCID: PMC11331875 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe patterns of beliefs about contraceptive-induced infertility and assess their relationship with current contraceptive use, including whether these relationships vary by parity and residence. DESIGN We use data from Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of 7491 women, aged 15-49, to assess agreement with the statement 'If I use family planning, I may have trouble getting pregnant next time I want to.' We used multilevel hierarchical models to identify the association between agreement and use of a hormonal method of contraception among 3882 sexually active, fecund women who wish to prevent pregnancy. We include interaction terms for parity and residence. RESULTS 4 in 10 women disagreed (42.3%) and 2 in 10 strongly disagreed (20.7%) with the statement. Relative to women who strongly disagreed, women who disagreed and women who agreed had significantly lower odds of using a hormonal method of contraception (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.97 and 0.46, 95% CI 0.46, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.70). The effect of agreeing with the statement was strongest among high parity women (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.95). Greater agreement with the statement at the community-level use was associated with a reduction in the odds of using hormonal contraception but only among rural women. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to address concerns around contraceptive-induced fertility impairment through the provision of comprehensive counselling and through community education or mass media campaigns are necessary, particularly among high-parity women and in rural communities. Interventions should acknowledge the possibility of delayed return to fertility for specific methods and attempt to address the root causes of concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea A Zimmerman
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Celia Karp
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Assefa Seme
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Suzanne O Bell
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ogunnupebi TA, Oduselu GO, Elebiju OF, Ajani OO, Adebiyi E. In silico studies of benzothiazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae trehalase. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 4:1428539. [PMID: 39184337 PMCID: PMC11341456 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1428539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In malaria management, insecticides play a crucial role in targeting disease vectors. Benzothiazole derivatives have also been reported to possess insecticidal properties, among several other properties they exhibit. The female Anopheles mosquito is responsible for transmitting the malaria parasite when infected. Anopheles gambiae (Ag) and Anopheles funestus (Af) are two of the most notable Anopheles species known to spread malaria in Nigeria. Trehalase is an enzyme that breaks down trehalose. Recent research has proposed it as a viable target for inhibition since it aids in flight and stress adaptation. Methods This study aimed to investigate benzothiazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of trehalase of Anopheles funestus (AfTre) and Anopheles gambiae (AgTre) using toxicity profiling, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation for future insecticidal intervention. A total of 4,214 benzothiazole-based compounds were obtained from the PubChem database and subjected to screening against the 3D modelled structure of AfTre and AgTre. Compounds with some toxicity levels were optimised, and the obtained lead compounds were further investigated through molecular docking studies. Furthermore, the best hit was subjected to parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, SASA, Rg, and hydrogen bond to confirm its stability when in a complex with AfTre, and these parameters were compared to that of validamycin A (control ligand). Results and discussion The post-screening analysis showed binding affinities of -8.7 and -8.2 kcal/mol (compound 1), -8.2 and -7.4 kcal/mol (compound 2), compared to -6.3 and -5.1 kcal/mol (Validamycin A, a known inhibitor) against AfTre and AgTre, respectively. The molecular dynamics simulation showed that compound 1 (the best hit) had good stability when in complex with AfTre. These findings suggest that these best hits can serve as potential inhibitors for the development of novel insecticides in the control of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope A. Ogunnupebi
- Covenant University Bio-Informatics Research Cluster (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan O. Oduselu
- Covenant University Bio-Informatics Research Cluster (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadunni F. Elebiju
- Covenant University Bio-Informatics Research Cluster (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ajani
- Covenant University Bio-Informatics Research Cluster (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bio-Informatics Research Cluster (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Mushtaq I, Sarwar MS, Munzoor I. A comprehensive review of Wolbachia-mediated mechanisms to control dengue virus transmission in Aedes aegypti through innate immune pathways. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1434003. [PMID: 39176079 PMCID: PMC11338905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1434003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Dengue virus (DENV), primarily spread by Aedes aegypti and also by Aedes albopictus in some regions, poses significant global health risks. Alternative techniques are urgently needed because the current control mechanisms are insufficient to reduce the transmission of DENV. Introducing Wolbachia pipientis into Ae. aegypti inhibits DENV transmission, however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Innate immune effector upregulation, the regulation of autophagy, and intracellular competition between Wolbachia and DENV for lipids are among the theories for the mechanism of inhibition. Furthermore, mainly three immune pathways Toll, IMD, and JAK/STAT are involved in the host for the suppression of the virus. These pathways are activated by Wolbachia and DENV in the host and are responsible for the upregulation and downregulation of many genes in mosquitoes, which ultimately reduces the titer of the DENV in the host. The functioning of these immune pathways depends upon the Wolbachia, host, and virus interaction. Here, we summarize the current understanding of DENV recognition by the Ae. aegypti's immune system, aiming to create a comprehensive picture of our knowledge. Additionally, we investigated how Wolbachia regulates the activation of multiple genes associated with immune priming for the reduction of DENV.
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Kormos A, Nazaré L, dos Santos AA, Lanzaro GC. Practical Application of a Relationship-Based Model to Engagement for Gene-Drive Vector Control Programs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:341-360. [PMID: 38889708 PMCID: PMC11310621 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Engagement is an important component in the advancement of gene-drive vector control research programs as developers look to transition the technology from the laboratory to the field. As research advances and engagement surrounding this novel technology is put into practice, knowledge can be gained from practical experiences and applications in the field. A relationship-based model (RBM) provides a framework for end-user development of engagement programs and strategies. The model places end users at the center of the engagement decision-making processes rather than as recipients of predetermined strategies, methods, and definitions. Successful RBM application for healthcare delivery has previously been demonstrated, and the University of California Malaria Initiative (UCMI) has applied this model to its gene-drive program in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. The model emphasizes the importance of local leadership in the planning, development, and implementation of all phases of project engagement. The primary aim of this paper is to translate the model from paper to practice and provide a transparent description, using practical examples, of the UCMI program implementation of RBM at its field site. End-user development of the UCMI engagement program provides a unique approach to the development of ethical, transparent, and effective engagement strategies for malaria control programs. This paper may also serve as a reference and example for projects looking to establish an engagement program model that integrates end-user groups in the decision-making processes surrounding engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kormos
- Vector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lodney Nazaré
- University of California Malaria Initiative, University of California, Davis, California
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Hussey H, Vreede H, Davies MA, Heekes A, Kalk E, Hardie D, van Zyl G, Naidoo M, Morden E, Bam JL, Zinyakatira N, Centner CM, Maritz J, Opie J, Chapanduka Z, Mahomed H, Smith M, Cois A, Pienaar D, Redd AD, Preiser W, Wilkinson R, Boulle A, Hsiao NY. SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiology in Cape Town, South Africa, and implications for future outbreaks in low-income communities. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003554. [PMID: 39106267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries where SARS-CoV-2 testing is limited, seroprevalence studies can help describe and characterise the extent of the pandemic, as well as elucidate protection conferred by prior exposure. We conducted repeated cross-sectional serosurveys (July 2020 -November 2021) using residual samples from patients from Cape Town, South Africa, sent for routine laboratory studies for non-COVID-19 conditions. SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies and linked clinical information were used to investigate: (1) seroprevalence over time and risk factors associated with seropositivity, (2) ecological comparison of seroprevalence between subdistricts, (3) case ascertainment rates, and (4) the relative protection against COVID-19 associated with seropositivity and vaccination statuses. Among the subset sampled, seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Cape Town increased from 39.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 37.23-41.19) in July 2020 to 67.8% (95%CI 66.31-69.25) in November 2021. Poorer communities had both higher seroprevalence and COVID-19 mortality. Only 10% of seropositive individuals had a recorded positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Using COVID-19 hospital admission and death data at the Provincial Health Data Centre, antibody positivity before the start of the Omicron BA.1 wave (28 November 2021) was strongly protective for severe disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.15; 95%CI 0.05-0.46), with additional benefit in those who were also vaccinated (aOR 0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.35). The high population seroprevalence in Cape Town was attained at the cost of substantial COVID-19 mortality. At the individual level, seropositivity was highly protective against subsequent infections and severe COVID-19 disease. In low-income communities, where diagnostic testing capacity is often limited, surveillance systems dependent on them will underestimate the true extent of an outbreak. Rapidly conducted seroprevalence studies can play an important role in addressing this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hussey
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- Metro Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Vreede
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary-Ann Davies
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexa Heekes
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emma Kalk
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diana Hardie
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gert van Zyl
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Naidoo
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erna Morden
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamy-Lee Bam
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nesbert Zinyakatira
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chad M Centner
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean Maritz
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- PathCare Reference Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Opie
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Haematology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zivanai Chapanduka
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Haematology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hassan Mahomed
- Metro Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariette Smith
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annibale Cois
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Pienaar
- Rural Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Boulle
- Health Intelligence Directorate, Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nei-Yuan Hsiao
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chow JY, Geng L, Bansal S, Dickens BSL, Ng LC, Hoffmann AA, Lim JT. Evaluating quasi-experimental approaches for estimating epidemiological efficacy of non-randomised field trials: applications in Wolbachia interventions for dengue. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 39107710 PMCID: PMC11302844 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolbachia symbiosis in Aedes aegypti is an emerging biocontrol measure against dengue. However, assessing its real-world efficacy is challenging due to the non-randomised, field-based nature of most intervention studies. This research re-evaluates the spatial-temporal impact of Wolbachia interventions on dengue incidence using a large battery of quasi-experimental methods and assesses each method's validity. METHODS A systematic search for Wolbachia intervention data was conducted via PUBMED. Efficacy was reassessed using commonly-used quasi-experimental approaches with extensive robustness checks, including geospatial placebo tests and a simulation study. Intervention efficacies across multiple study sites were computed using high-resolution aggregations to examine heterogeneities across sites and study periods. We further designed a stochastic simulation framework to assess the methods' ability to estimate intervention efficacies (IE). RESULTS Wolbachia interventions in Singapore, Malaysia, and Brazil significantly decreased dengue incidence, with reductions ranging from 48.17% to 69.19%. IEs varied with location and duration. Malaysia showed increasing efficacy over time, while Brazil exhibited initial success with subsequent decline, hinting at operational challenges. Singapore's strategy was highly effective despite partial saturation. Simulations identified Synthetic Control Methods (SCM) and its variant, count Synthetic Control Method (cSCM), as superior in precision, with the smallest percentage errors in efficacy estimation. These methods also demonstrated robustness in placebo tests. CONCLUSIONS Wolbachia interventions exhibit consistent protective effects against dengue. SCM and cSCM provided the most precise and robust estimates of IEs, validated across simulated and real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Yi Chow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - Lin Geng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Somya Bansal
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Borame Sue Lee Dickens
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05/08, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Research Group, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Jue Tao Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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90
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Lin H, Guo S, Zheng Q, Liu X, Hu A, Zeng J, Liu G. Couples' perceptions and experience of smartphone-assisted CenteringPregnancy model in southeast of China: a dyadic analysis of qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079121. [PMID: 39107027 PMCID: PMC11308902 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to describe couples' experiences and perceived barriers to participation in the CenteringPregnancy model in southeast of China and to understand whether smartphones could play a potential role in this model. DESIGN This study employed a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using semistructured dyadic interviews with women and their partners. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis. SETTING This study was conducted in two pilot prenatal clinics in southern China. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of 13 couples who underwent smartphone-assisted CenteringPregnancy were recruited. Data were collected until saturation through semistructured dyadic interviews between December 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS The study yielded four primary themes: (1) motivation for participation, (2) acceptance of CenteringPregnancy, (3) barriers and suggestions and (4) support for smartphone use of CenteringPregnancy. CONCLUSIONS CenteringPregnancy was well received by couples. Couples can access additional medical care and engage in intensive social interactions assisted by smartphones. However, certain objective challenges need to be acknowledged, including inadequate activity space, high demand for knowledge by couples and inflexible time for employed partners. Moreover, the risk that smartphones can lead to false expectations among couples needs to be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lin
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengbin Guo
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Xiuwu Liu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anfen Hu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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91
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Boateng D, Oppong FB, Senkyire EK, Logo DD. Spatial analysis and factors associated with low birth weight in Ghana using data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey: spatial and multilevel analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083904. [PMID: 39107031 PMCID: PMC11308880 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of newborn health and can have long-term implications for a child's development. Spatial exploratory analysis provides a toolkit to gain insight into inequalities in LBW. Few studies in Ghana have explored the spatial distribution of LBW to understand the extent of the problem geographically. This study explores individual and cluster-level distributions of LBW using spatial exploration components for common determinants from nationally representative survey data. DESIGN We used data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey and conducted individual-level and cluster-level analyses of LBW with place and zone of residence in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. By incorporating spatial and survey designs methodology, logistic and Poisson regression models were used to model LBW. SETTING Ghana. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4127 women aged between 15 and 49 years were included in the individual-level analysis and 864 clusters corresponding to birth weight. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Individual and cluster-level distribution for LBW using spatial components for common determinants. RESULTS In the individual-level analysis, place and zone of residence were significantly associated with LBW in the bivariate model but not in a multivariate model. Hotspot analysis indicated the presence of LBW clusters in the middle and northern zones of Ghana. Compared with rural areas, clusters in urban areas had significantly lower LBW (p=0.017). Clusters in the northern zone were significantly associated with higher LBW (p=0.018) compared with the coastal zones. CONCLUSION Our findings from choropleth hotspot maps suggest LBW clusters in Ghana's northern and middle zones. Disparities between the rural and urban continuum require specific attention to bridge the healthcare system gap for Ghana's northern and middle zones.
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92
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Cargnin Faccin F, Cáceres CJ, Gay LC, Seibert B, van Bentem N, Rodriguez LA, Soares Fraiha AL, Cardenas M, Geiger G, Ortiz L, Carnaccini S, Kapczynski DR, Rajao DS, Perez DR. Mass vaccination with reassortment-impaired live H9N2 avian influenza vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:136. [PMID: 39097573 PMCID: PMC11297921 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza poses a severe threat to poultry production and global food security, prompting the development of vaccination programs in numerous countries. Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines, with their potential for mass application, offer a distinct advantage over existing options. However, concerns surrounding reversion, recombination, and unintended transmission have hindered the progress of MLV development for avian influenza in poultry. To address these concerns, we engineered reassortment-impaired, non-transmissible, safe, immunogenic, and protective MLVs through the rearrangement of internal gene segments and additional modifications to the surface gene segments HA and NA. The unique peptide marker aspartic acid-arginine-proline-alanine-valine-isoleucine-alanine-asparragine (DRPAVIAN) was incorporated into HA, while NA was modified to encode the chicken interleukin-18 (ckIL18) gene (MLV-H9N2-IL). In vitro, the MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL candidates demonstrated stability and virus titers comparable to the wild-type H9N2 strain. In chickens, the MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL candidates did not transmit via direct contact. Co-infection studies with wild-type virus confirmed that the altered HA and NA segments exhibited fitness disadvantages and did not reassort. Vaccinated chickens showed no clinical signs upon vaccination, all seroconverted, and the inclusion of ckIL18 in the MLV-H9N2-IL vaccine enhanced neutralizing antibody production. A significant decrease in viral loads post-challenge underscored the protective effect of the MLVs. The MLV-H9N2-IL vaccine, administered via drinking water, proved immunogenic in chickens in a dose-dependent manner, generating protective levels of neutralizing antibodies upon aggressive homologous virus challenge. In summary, this study lays the groundwork for safe MLVs against avian influenza suitable for mass vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - C Joaquin Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - L Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nick van Bentem
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luis A Rodriguez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Soares Fraiha
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo, Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matias Cardenas
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lucia Ortiz
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Darrell R Kapczynski
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Donald PR, Kaufmann SHE, Schaub D, Thee S, Lange C. Carl Flügge, one of the last holistic hygienists and discoverer of droplet transmission of infectious diseases. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:17. [PMID: 39093331 PMCID: PMC11297070 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carl Flügge is best known for the promotion of studies demonstrating the transmission of all manner of infections, but particularly tuberculosis, by coughed droplets. But it is seldom recognised that Flügge was also influential in a number of other fields comprising the practice of hygiene. One-hundred years following his death in 1923, we review literature related to the studies of Flügge and his colleagues and students and illustrate the particular emphasis he laid upon the environment within which disease and its transmission might be fostered or prevented, embracing and studying aspects essential to the health of any community ranging from fundamental microbiology in the laboratory to subjects as disparate as housing, clean water supply, nutrition, sanitation, socio-economic circumstances and climate. Very early in his career he promoted breast feeding for the prevention of seasonal gastro-enteritis and later the sheltering of cough as a means of preventing the transmission of infected respiratory droplets, not only as regards tuberculosis, but also concerning all manner of other respiratory infections. By the time of Flügge's death the complexification of available scientific methodologies comprising hygiene made it difficult for any individual to comprehend and study the wide range of hygiene-related subjects such as Flügge did. Carl Flügge was one of the last holistic hygienists and an originator of the study of environmental health as a pillar of hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Donald
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schaub
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg- Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thee
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie, Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg- Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens' Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Moucheraud C, Ochieng E, Ogutu V, Sudhinaraset M, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Glenn B, Golub G, Njomo D. Trust in health workers and patient-centeredness of care were strongest factors associated with vaccination for Kenyan children born between 2017-2022. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100523. [PMID: 39070930 PMCID: PMC11283225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although vaccination confidence is declining globally, there is little detailed information from low- and middle-income countries about factors influencing routine vaccination behavior in these contexts. Methods In mid-2022, we surveyed people who gave birth in Kenya between 2017-2022, and asked them about their children's vaccination history and about hypothesized correlates of vaccination per the Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination model. Results Of 873 children in this sample, 117 (13%) were under-vaccinated (i.e., delayed or missing vaccine dose(s)) - and under-vaccination was more common among births during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) versus pre-pandemic (2017-2019). In multi-level multivariable models, children of respondents who expressed concerns about serious side effects from vaccines had significantly higher odds of missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.14-3.72), and there was a strong association between having more safety concerns now versus before the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR missed dose(s) 4.44, 95 % CI 1.71-11.51; aOR under-vaccination 3.03, 95 % CI 1.28-7.19). People with greater trust in health workers had lower odds of having a child with missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.75-0.97). People who reported higher patient-centered quality of vaccination care had much lower odds of having children with delayed or missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR missed dose(s) 0.14, 95 % CI 0.04-0.58; aOR under-vaccination 0.27, 95 % CI 0.10-0.79). Conclusions These findings highlight potential strategies to improve vaccine coverage: greater focus on patient-centered quality of care, training healthcare workers on how to address safety concerns about vaccines, and building trust in the health care system and in health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina Moucheraud
- New York University, School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Eric Ochieng
- Innovations for Poverty Action Kenya, P.O. Box 72427-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vitalis Ogutu
- Innovations for Poverty Action Kenya, P.O. Box 72427-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - May Sudhinaraset
- University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Peter G. Szilagyi
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, 855 Tiverton Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
| | - Risa M. Hoffman
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, 855 Tiverton Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
| | - Beth Glenn
- University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ginger Golub
- Innovations for Poverty Action Kenya, P.O. Box 72427-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Doris Njomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Verde Hashim C, Llewellyn E, Wood R, Brett T, Chinyanga T, Webb K, Segal K. Harnessing private sector strategies for family planning to deliver the Dual Prevention Pill, the first multipurpose prevention technology with pre-exposure prophylaxis, in an expanding HIV prevention landscape. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27:e26346. [PMID: 39148275 PMCID: PMC11327274 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Dual Prevention Pill (DPP) combines oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral contraception (OC) to prevent HIV and pregnancy. Noting the significant role played by the private sector in delivering family planning (FP) services in countries with high HIV burden, high level of private sector OC uptake, and the recent growth in self-care and technology-based private sector channels, we undertook qualitative research in Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe to prioritize private sector service delivery approaches for the introduction of the DPP. METHODS Between March 2022 and February 2023, we conducted a literature review and key informant interviews with 34 donors and implementing partners, 19 government representatives, 17 private sector organizations, 13 pharmacy and drug shop representatives, and 12 telehealth agencies to assess the feasibility of DPP introduction in private sector channels. Channels were analysed thematically based on policies, level of coordination with the public sector, data systems, supply chain, need for subsidy, scalability, sustainability and geographic coverage. RESULTS Wide geographic reach, ongoing pharmacy-administered PrEP pilots in Kenya and South Africa, and over-the-counter OC availability in Zimbabwe make pharmacies a priority for DPP delivery, in addition to private networked clinics, already trusted for FP and HIV services. In Kenya and South Africa, newer, technology-based channels such as e-pharmacies, telehealth and telemedicine are prioritized as they have rapidly grown in popularity due to nationwide accessibility, convenience and privacy. Findings are limited by a lack of standardized data on service uptake in newer channels and gaps in information on commodity pricing and willingness-to-pay for all channels. CONCLUSIONS The private sector provides a significant proportion of FP services in countries with high HIV burden yet is an untapped delivery source for PrEP. Offering users a range of access options for the DPP in non-traditional channels that minimize stigma, enhance discretion and increase convenience could increase uptake and continuation. Preparing these channels for PrEP provision requires engagement with Ministries of Health and providers and further research on pricing and willingness-to-pay. Aligning FP and PrEP delivery to meet the needs of those who want both HIV and pregnancy prevention will facilitate integrated service delivery and eventual DPP rollout, creating a platform for the private sector introduction of multipurpose prevention technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rob Wood
- Halcyon Consultancy, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Tinashe Chinyanga
- The Organization for Public Health Interventions and Development (OPHID), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Karen Webb
- The Organization for Public Health Interventions and Development (OPHID), Harare, Zimbabwe
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96
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de Souza WM, Weaver SC. Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:476-491. [PMID: 38486116 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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97
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Ningrum EW, Lusmilasari L, Huriyati E, Marthias T, Hasanbasri M. Improving maternal health literacy among low-income pregnant women: A systematic review. NARRA J 2024; 4:e886. [PMID: 39280277 PMCID: PMC11391996 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on maternal health have highlighted the need to improve health literacy, particularly among women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Some crucial factors for improving maternal health literacy are midwife capacity and systems support that can help ensure women's ability and motivation to access timely health services. However, the extent of roles midwives need and the system that must be developed require further elaboration. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate approaches for enhancing maternal health literacy in low-income pregnant women. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the systematic search was conducted on two databases: PubMed and ScienceDirect. All English articles published from 2011 to 2023 were searched using the keywords pregnant, antenatal, prenatal, perinatal, midwife, health literacy, midwife-led care, helpline, and photo novel. Of the 1,539 articles, 15 were included in the final assessment. The results suggested that improving maternal health literacy among low-income pregnant women was related to: (a) empowering low-income women; (b) empowering midwives as frontline care providers engaging with low-income pregnant women; and (c) empowering the health care system as a health literacy organization. In conclusion, improving the healthcare system and strengthening midwives' leadership as proximal caregivers is crucial for improving maternal health literacy among low-income pregnant mothers. These efforts could be realized with support from government roles, educational institutions, and professional associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema W Ningrum
- Doctoral Program in Medical and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Lely Lusmilasari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Emy Huriyati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Marthias
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mubasysyir Hasanbasri
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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98
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Saldanha I, Lea R, Manangwa O, Garrod G, Haines LR, Acosta-Serrano Á, Auty H, Betson M, Lord JS, Morrison LJ, Mramba F, Torr SJ, Cunningham LJ. Caught in a trap: DNA contamination in tsetse xenomonitoring can lead to over-estimates of Trypanosoma brucei infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012095. [PMID: 39133740 PMCID: PMC11341098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are vectors of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Capturing and screening tsetse is critical for HAT surveillance. Classically, tsetse have been microscopically analysed to identify trypanosomes, but this is increasingly replaced with molecular xenomonitoring. Nonetheless, sensitive T. brucei-detection assays, such as TBR-PCR, are vulnerable to DNA cross-contamination. This may occur at capture, when often multiple live tsetse are retained temporarily in the cage of a trap. This study set out to determine whether infected tsetse can contaminate naïve tsetse with T. brucei DNA via faeces when co-housed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Insectary-reared teneral G. morsitans morsitans were fed an infectious T. b. brucei-spiked bloodmeal. At 19 days post-infection, infected and naïve tsetse were caged together in the following ratios: (T1) 9:3, (T2) 6:6 (T3) 1:11 and a control (C0) 0:12 in triplicate. Following 24-hour incubation, DNA was extracted from each fly and screened for parasite DNA presence using PCR and qPCR. All insectary-reared infected flies were positive for T. brucei DNA using TBR-qPCR. However, naïve tsetse also tested positive. Even at a ratio of 1 infected to 11 naïve flies, 91% of naïve tsetse gave positive TBR-qPCR results. Furthermore, the quantity of T. brucei DNA detected in naïve tsetse was significantly correlated with cage infection ratio. With evidence of cross-contamination, field-caught tsetse from Tanzania were then assessed using the same screening protocol. End-point TBR-PCR predicted a sample population prevalence of 24.8%. Using qPCR and Cq cut-offs optimised on insectary-reared flies, we estimated that prevalence was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [0.36, 0.73]). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that infected tsetse can contaminate naïve flies with T. brucei DNA when co-caged, and that the level of contamination can be extensive. Whilst simple PCR may overestimate infection prevalence, quantitative PCR offers a means of eliminating false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Saldanha
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lea
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Manangwa
- Vector and Vector-borne Diseases Research Institute, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Gala Garrod
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R. Haines
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Álvaro Acosta-Serrano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Harriet Auty
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Betson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Lord
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J. Morrison
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Furaha Mramba
- Vector and Vector-borne Diseases Research Institute, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Stephen J. Torr
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas J. Cunningham
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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99
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Bailey JG, Mossenson AI, Whynot S, Nyirigira G, Gower S, Livingston P. A Mixed-Methods Cohort Study Evaluating the Impact of a One-Day Well-Being Course for Anesthesia Providers Working in Low-Resource Settings. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:375-384. [PMID: 39008977 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout, depression, and anxiety are increasingly recognized as common among health care providers. Risks for these conditions are exacerbated in low-resource settings by excessive workload, high disease burden, resource shortage, and stigma against mental health issues. Based on discussions and requests to learn more about burnout during the Vital Anaesthesia Simulation Training (VAST), our team developed VAST Wellbeing, a 1-day course for health care providers in low-resource settings to recognize and mitigate burnout and to promote personal and professional well-being. METHODS This mixed-methods study used quantitative pre- and postcourse surveys using validated mental health measures and qualitative semistructured interviews to explore participants' experience of VAST Wellbeing during and after the course. Quantitative outcomes included burnout and professional fulfillment as measured by the Professional Fulfillment Index and general well-being as measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. RESULTS Twenty-six participants from 9 countries completed the study. In the immediate postcourse survey, study participants rated the course overall as "very good" (60.7%) and "excellent" (28.6%). Quantitative analysis showed no statistical differences in levels of work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement, burnout, professional fulfillment, or general mental well-being 2 months after the course. Five themes on the impact of VAST Wellbeing were identified during qualitative analysis: (1) raising awareness, breaking taboos; (2) not feeling alone; (3) permission and capacity for personal well-being; (4) workplace empowerment; and (5) VAST Wellbeing was relevant, authentic, and needed. CONCLUSIONS Causes of burnout are complex and multidimensional. VAST Wellbeing did not change measures of burnout and fulfillment 2 months postcourse but did have a meaningful impact by raising awareness, reducing stigma, fostering connection, providing skills to prioritize personal well-being, and empowering people to seek workplace change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Bailey
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Adam I Mossenson
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospitals, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sara Whynot
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Gaston Nyirigira
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Shelley Gower
- Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Patricia Livingston
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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100
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Minnis AM, Agot K, Hartmann M, Otticha S, Montgomery ET, Roberts ST. Feasibility and Acceptability of the Novel Tu'Washindi Intervention to Increase PrEP Use among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Siaya County, Kenya. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2695-2707. [PMID: 38836985 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The Tu'Washindi intervention addressed intimate partner violence (IPV) and relationship dynamics to increase PrEP use among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Siaya County, Kenya. We evaluated feasibility and acceptability in a cluster-randomized trial in six DREAMS Safe Spaces. The multilevel intervention, delivered over 6 months, included three components delivered by DREAMS staff with support from the study team: an 8-session structured support club; community sensitization of male partners; and a couples PrEP education and health fair ("Buddy Day"). Feasibility and acceptability assessments included implementation process measures, questionnaires, and focus group discussions with AGYWs and post-intervention questionnaires with intervention providers. The study included 103 AGYWs aged 17 to 24 (N = 49 intervention), with 97% retention. Median age was 22, 54% were married, and 84% were mothers. At enrollment, 45% used PrEP and 61% reported lifetime IPV. All intervention participants attended at least one support club session (mean = 5.2 of 8) and 90% attended Buddy Day. At 6 months, most participants perceived Tu'Washindi to be effective: all agreed (with 54% reporting "strongly agree") that the intervention improved partner communication and 60% agreed they were better able to gain partner support for their PrEP use. Providers believed the intervention resonated with community values. Tu'Washindi was highly acceptable and feasible and it was perceived by AGYW participants and providers as being effective in improving partner relationships and supporting PrEP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Minnis
- Research Triangle Park, Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
| | - Kawango Agot
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Miriam Hartmann
- Research Triangle Park, Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Sophie Otticha
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth T Montgomery
- Research Triangle Park, Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Sarah T Roberts
- Research Triangle Park, Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
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