951
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Wilson MJ, Seidler ZE, Oliffe JL, Toogood N, Kealy D, Ogrodniczuk JS, Walther A, Rice SM. "Appreciate the Little Things": A Qualitative Survey of Men's Coping Strategies and Mental Health Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221099794. [PMID: 35608377 PMCID: PMC9134443 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221099794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a suite of circumstances that will simultaneously affect mental health and mobilize coping strategies in response. Building on a lack of research specifically exploring men's mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents the results of a qualitative survey exploring men's self-reported aspects of the pandemic giving rise to mental health challenges, alongside their diverse coping strategies applied during this time. The sample comprised 555 men from North America (age M = 38.8 years; SD = 13.5 years), who participated via an online survey with two open-ended qualitative questions assessing, respectively, the aspects of the pandemic affecting their mental health, and the strategies used to manage these challenges. Free-text responses were coded using inductive content analysis. Results pertaining to the mental health impacts of COVID-19 were categorized into two overarching themes: far-reaching ramifications of COVID-19 encompassing consequences for lifestyle, work, and functioning, alongside novel anxieties related to health risks and daily uncertainty. In addition, coping strategies reported were categorized into two broad themes: efforts to avoid, dull or distract oneself from distress, alongside adapting and doing things differently, which encompassed largely approach-oriented efforts to flexibly ameliorate distress. Results signal the far-reaching impacts of COVID-19, alongside profound flexibility and diverse enactments of resilience among men in adapting to unprecedented challenges. Findings have implications for mental health promotion that should aim to leverage men's adaptive coping to encourage opportunities for social connectedness in response to the mental health impacts of the various psychosocial challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Movember, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Toogood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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952
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Marchionatti LE, Caye A, Kieling C. The mental health of children and young people living in big cities in a revolving postpandemic world. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:200-206. [PMID: 35579874 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The world's population is increasingly urban, with most children and young people growing up and living in cities. Evidence suggests that urbanicity is linked to an increased risk for the development of mental health disorders. Rather than an accumulation of risk factors, urbanization is a complex process that profoundly structures living conditions. In this sense, it is timely to discuss what are the social and structural determinants of mental health of children and young people in such settings. RECENT FINDINGS Three domains of determinants of mental health were selected for discussion: economics and living conditions, crime and violence, and urban layouts. For each, we debated realities faced by urban children and young people, providing an overview of recent evidence on implications for mental disorders and well being. We also discuss the potential impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on each domain, as well as recommendations for future action. SUMMARY Structural factors are of major relevance for the mental health of children and young people living in cities. The agenda of mental health promotion and prevention must include whole-of-society interventions aimed at improving living conditions, including economic and social capital, violence prevention and urbanistic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Caye
- Department of Psychiatry
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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953
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van der Velden PG, van Bakel HJ, Das M. Mental health problems among Dutch adolescents of the general population before and 9 months after the COVID-19 outbreak: A longitudinal cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114528. [PMID: 35344687 PMCID: PMC8942449 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of mental health problems (MHP) in adolescents nine months post-outbreak. For this purpose, a longitudinal cohort study was conducted based on a probability sample of the Dutch population. We compared the prevalence and incidence of MHP in 16-20 year-old adolescents in November-December 2020 (N = 251) with the prevalence and incidence in adolescents in November-December 2012 (N = 346) and November-December 2016 (N = 253). Results showed a higher prevalence of moderate anxiety and depression symptoms in the 2020 than in the 2012 and 2016 cohorts, but differences in mean scores were absent or small. The prevalence of sleep problems, fatigue, use of medicines for symptoms did not differ between the three cohorts. The use of mental health services was more prevalent in the 2020 than in 2016 cohort, but there was already a statistical trend of higher use in the 2016 compared to the 2012 cohort. No differences in the incidence of any MHP, based on data of the previous year (2011, 2015, and 2019, respectively) were found. Results suggest a very limited negative effect of this pandemic on MHP among Dutch adolescents 9 months post-COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. van der Velden
- Centerdata, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg 5037 AB, the Netherland,TRANZO, Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, Tilburg 5037 DB, the Netherland,Corresponding author at: Centerdata, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg 5037 AB, the Netherland
| | - Hedwig J.A. van Bakel
- TRANZO, Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, Tilburg 5037 DB, the Netherland
| | - Marcel Das
- Centerdata, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg 5037 AB, the Netherland
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954
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Eirich R, McArthur BA, Anhorn C, McGuinness C, Christakis DA, Madigan S. Association of Screen Time With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children 12 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:393-405. [PMID: 35293954 PMCID: PMC8928099 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Currently, there is a lack of consensus in the literature on the association between screen time (eg, television, video games) and children's behavior problems. Objective To assess the association between the duration of screen time and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems among children 12 years or younger. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from January 1960 to May 2021. Reference lists were manually searched for additional studies. Study Selection Included studies measured screen time (ie, duration) and externalizing or internalizing behavior problems in children 12 years or younger, were observational or experimental (with baseline data), were available in English, and had data that could be transformed into an effect size. Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded. Of 25 196 nonduplicate articles identified and screened for inclusion, 595 met the selection criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Extracted variables were child age, sex, and socioeconomic status; informants and measurement type for screen time and behavior problems; study publication year; and study design and quality. Data were extracted by 2 independent coders and were pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the association of screen time duration with externalizing (eg, aggression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms) and internalizing (eg, depression, anxiety) behaviors or diagnoses. Results Of the 595 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 87 studies met all inclusion criteria, comprising 98 independent samples and 159 425 participants (mean [SD] age, 6.07 [2.89] years; 83 246 [51.30%] male). Increased duration of screen time had a small but significant correlation with more externalizing problems (90 samples; r, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.10-0.12) and internalizing problems (43 samples; r, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08) in children. Several methodological moderators explained between-study heterogeneity. There was evidence of significant between study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.80). Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis found small but significant correlations between screen time and children's behavior problems. Methodological differences across studies likely contributed to the mixed findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ciana Anhorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire McGuinness
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dimitri A Christakis
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.,Editor, JAMA Pediatrics
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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955
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Sharma P, Kamath C, Kurani S, Pazdernik V, Kremers HM, St Sauver J, Croarkin P, Geske J, Prasad K, Patten C, Holland A. Longitudinal Correlates of Increased Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:648-655. [PMID: 35511126 PMCID: PMC9383764 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of increased alcohol use during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) period among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Pre-COVID period is defined as the 1-year period on or before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID period is defined as the period from 1st April 2020 to 30 March 2021. Univariable logistic regression models are used to evaluate the association of demographic characteristics, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), rurality, changes in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale severity, and the risk of increased alcohol consumption (binge drinking, number of drinks and drinking regularity) from pre-COVID to during-COVID period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study found that worsened anxiety symptoms, older age, being in college and current cigarette smoking status were associated with increased alcohol use among youth during the pandemic year. Socioeconomic position (measured by ADI) and rural status were not found to be associated with increased alcohol use among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Hilal Maradit Kremers
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer St Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zumbro Valley Health Center, 343 Woodlake Dr, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Ashely Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
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956
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Taddio A, Gudzak V, Jantzi M, Logeman C, Bucci LM, MacDonald NE, Moineddin R. Impact of the CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) system on school-based vaccinations: A cluster randomized trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:2802-2809. [PMID: 35365344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) system is a vaccine delivery framework that integrates evidence-based interventions to reduce stress-related responses and improve the vaccination experience for children undergoing vaccinations at school. In preliminary studies, CARD was acceptable and effective. The objective was to evaluate CARD in a large, pragmatic trial to confirm its effectiveness in real-world settings. METHODS Hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial in schools receiving vaccination services from Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health. Forty schools with grade 7 students (12 years old) were randomized to CARD and control (n = 20/group). Nurses in CARD schools planned clinics with principals and educated students about CARD ahead of time. Principals disseminated information to staff and parents and sent reminders. Vaccination day processes minimized fear and facilitated student self-selected coping strategies. Nurses in control schools followed usual practices, which excluded principal meetings, education, reminders, and systematic integration of fear-reducing or child-selected coping strategies. Outcomes included stress-related symptoms (fear - primary outcome, pain, dizziness, fainting, post-vaccination reactions), use of coping interventions, vaccination uptake, attitudes and implementation outcomes (acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity). RESULTS Altogether, 1919 students were included. Fear and pain were lower in CARD schools: OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.47-0.90) and OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.50-0.77), respectively. No students fainted in CARD schools compared to 0.8% in control (p = 0.02). Dizziness and post-vaccination reactions did not differ. Student-led coping interventions were used more frequently in CARD schools. Vaccination uptake was 76.1% in CARD schools and 72.5% in control schools (OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.85-1.50)). Staff and students had positive attitudes about CARD and implementation outcomes; however, recommendations were made to improve fidelity. DISCUSSION CARD reduced stress-related responses in students undergoing vaccinations at school and was positively received by students and public health staff. CARD is recommended to improve the quality of vaccination delivery services. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03966300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taddio
- Clinical Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Victoria Gudzak
- Clinical, Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marlene Jantzi
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Program, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Health Unit, Guelph, Canada
| | - Charlotte Logeman
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lucie M Bucci
- Immunize Canada, Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, Canada
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957
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Barbieri V, Wiedermann CJ, Kaman A, Erhart M, Piccoliori G, Plagg B, Mahlknecht A, Ausserhofer D, Engl A, Ravens-Sieberer U. Quality of Life and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents after the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large Population-Based Survey in South Tyrol, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5220. [PMID: 35564614 PMCID: PMC9101425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methodological heterogeneity of studies and geographical variation limit conclusions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of youth. This study aimed to explore the health-related quality of life and mental health of children and adolescents in the second year of the pandemic in South Tyrol, Italy. METHODS An online survey representative for the age and gender of the children and adolescents in South Tyrol was conducted among 5159 families with children and adolescents aged 7-19 years, between 28 May and 16 June 2021. The survey collecting parental ratings and self-rated questionnaires from children and adolescents aged 11-19 years included instruments to measure health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), and depression (CES-DC). The results were compared with data from corresponding studies conducted in Germany. RESULTS Decreased health-related quality of life and increased conduct problems, peer-related mental health problems, anxiety, and depressive and psychosomatic symptoms in children and adolescents observed in the second year of the pandemic in Germany were confirmed in the second year in South Tyrol. Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status, a migration background, and limited living space were significantly affected. Female sex and older age were associated with increased psychosocial problems and a positive family climate supported the mental health of children and adolescents during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Confirmation of findings of decreased health-related quality of life and increased emotional problems after the first year of the pandemic supports the ongoing call for low-threshold health promotion, prevention, and early intervention programs to support children and adolescents who have been severely affected by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Barbieri
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Christian Josef Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall, Austria
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (A.K.); (M.E.); (U.R.-S.)
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (A.K.); (M.E.); (U.R.-S.)
- Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, 12627 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Management, Apollon University of Applied Sciences, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Barbara Plagg
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Angelika Mahlknecht
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Dietmar Ausserhofer
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Adolf Engl
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.J.W.); (G.P.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (A.K.); (M.E.); (U.R.-S.)
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958
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Albrecht JN, Werner H, Rieger N, Jenni OG, Huber R. Sleep and Health-Related Characteristics among Adolescents during COVID-19: An Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5078. [PMID: 35564473 PMCID: PMC9105238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two opposing effects on adolescents' health during COVID-19 lockdown have been described: A beneficial one due to longer sleep times during school closures and a detrimental one of psychological distress. This study investigated how sleep and health changed in the course of the pandemic when schools were open again. Overall, 12,238 adolescents in Switzerland participated in three cross-sectional online surveys: In 2017 under regular conditions (control group), during pandemic school closures in 2020 (closure group), and in 2021 still under pandemic conditions, but schools were open again (postclosure group). Sleep behavior and health-related characteristics (health-related quality of life; caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine use) in all three groups and depressive symptoms in the closure and postclosure groups were assessed. The sleep period on school days was longer in the closure group (median 9.00 h, interquartile range 8.25-9.75) and similar in the postclosure (7.92, 7.00-8.50) compared to the control group (7.75, 7.08-8.33). Health-related characteristics were better during school closures and similar to worse in the postclosure compared to the control group. Depressive symptom levels were higher in the postclosure than in the closure group. Therefore, beneficial effects were specific to school closures and adolescents' psychological distress increased over the course of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle N. Albrecht
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.N.A.); (H.W.); (N.R.); (O.G.J.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Werner
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.N.A.); (H.W.); (N.R.); (O.G.J.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noa Rieger
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.N.A.); (H.W.); (N.R.); (O.G.J.)
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.N.A.); (H.W.); (N.R.); (O.G.J.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.N.A.); (H.W.); (N.R.); (O.G.J.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich (UZH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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959
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Lax Y, Cuno K, Keller K, Kogan J, Silver M, Avner JR. Social Determinants of Health and Pediatric Mental Health Before and During COVID-19 in New York City Primary Care Pediatrics. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:186-191. [PMID: 35442791 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City instituted a shelter-in-place order, dramatically affecting the area's social and economic landscape. Pediatric primary care practices universally screen for social determinants of health (SDOH) and mental health (MH) needs, providing an opportunity to assess changes in the population's needs during COVID-19. To assess changes in SDOH and MH needs of pediatric families before and during COVID-19, the authors conducted a prospective cohort study of patients seen in the hospital's pediatric primary care practices. Baseline data were collected during well visits from March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020, and included the following outcome measures: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ2) score >0, PHQ9 scores ≥5, pediatric symptom checklist (PSC17) scores ≥15, and SDOH needs. Follow-up pandemic data were collected from June to August 2020. A total of 423 patients (215 [51%] female, 279 [66%] Hispanic, and 248 [59%] primary English speakers) were enrolled in the study. The following SDOH needs significantly increased during COVID-19: food (17%-32%; P < 0.001), legal (19%-30%; P = 0.003), public benefits (4%-13.8%; P < 0.001), and housing (17.2%-26%; P = 0.002). There was no significant change in MH screening results during COVID-19 compared with baseline: positive PHQ2 depression screen (27.9% vs. 34.3%, P = 0.39), positive PHQ9 depression screen (45.5% vs. 64.1%, P = 0.32), or positive PSC17 measuring emotional and behavioral concerns (4.9% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.13). During COVID-19, patients with food, housing, or legal needs had a significantly higher likelihood of having emotional or behavioral difficulties (P < 0.01). Further research is needed to evaluate outcomes in the following months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Lax
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Kate Cuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Kim Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Kogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael Silver
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Avner
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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960
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Chen J, Yang K, Cao Y, Du Y, Wang N, Qu M. Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870346. [PMID: 35463512 PMCID: PMC9023859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacts mental health. Some published studies have investigated the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in China during the pandemic. However, the results vary widely. We aimed to systematically analyze and estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and attempted to reveal the reasons for prevalence variety in previous studies. Methods Published studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database), China National Knowledge database (CNKI), and the WanFang database from December 2019 to May 2021. The quality of all included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and the American Agency for Health Care Quality and Research's (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation items. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. Results Of the 1,708 references screened, 13 related reports that involve 41,729 participants were included. The results suggested that the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic was 28.6%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence was highest among the studies using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 (46.8%) and lowest among these using Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) (11.4%). All studies using PHQ-9 set the cutoff at 5 points instead of 10. The pooled prevalence of studies that include primary school students was lower (16.5%) than that of studies excluding primary school students (39.1%). Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that depressive symptoms were relatively prevalent among Chinese children and adolescents during COVID-19, especially among the secondary school students. The suitable screening tools and cutoff should be carefully chosen in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yun Du
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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961
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Family Matters. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:575. [PMID: 35065188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the focus of the Journal this month, the Book Forum features Jessica Lahey's The Addiction Inoculation: Raising Healthy Kids in a Culture of Dependence. Lahey is a former teacher and writer whose work has appeared in the New York Times, The Atlantic, and Washington Post, focusing mostly on parenting and development. Her guide to decreasing children's risk of substance use disorders (SUDs) and building a sense of self-efficacy is reviewed this month by psychiatry resident Nat Mulkey and their faculty mentor, Amy Yule. While the Monitoring the Future survey shows that the COVID-19 era has featured an unprecedented drop in teen reports of illicit substance use,2 Lahey's book seems particularly important as parents/families are poised for a resurgence in teen SUDs for many reasons. As caregivers return to work, youth are apt to have more and more unsupervised time. Furthermore, with youth increasingly contending with mental health challenges,3 they are at increased risk for coping through unhealthy means including substance use.
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962
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Benton T, Njoroge WFM, Ng WYK. Sounding the Alarm for Children's Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:e216295. [PMID: 35129603 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tami Benton
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Behavioral Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wanjiku F M Njoroge
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Warren Y K Ng
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
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963
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Lawson ML, Bowsher B, Hansen S. The Effect of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Military Connected Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Ann 2022; 51:e138-e143. [PMID: 35417308 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20220321-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With a growing body of literature describing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's effect on children and adolescents, there remain few official reports regarding mental health in military connected youth. With sparse literature available specifically in youth associated with the Armed Forces, published studies on global child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic are first reviewed. Military connected youth have unique needs and experiences. Implications of pandemic-related stressors on their mental health are suggested based on analysis of disaster and deployment literature. Military members have continued to move and deploy throughout the pandemic. Uniformed families have high risk factors for mental health concerns. Managing the mental health of military connected youth will fall heavily on civilian providers, both in primary and subspecialty practices. As such, vigilance for psychological health concerns and familiarity with military resources are vital for the mental wellness of our military pediatric patients. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(4):e138-e143.].
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964
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Blackwell CK, Mansolf M, Sherlock P, Ganiban J, Hofheimer JA, Barone CJ, Bekelman TA, Blair C, Cella D, Collazo S, Croen LA, Deoni S, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Fry RC, Gershon R, Herbstman JB, Karagas MR, LeWinn KZ, Margolis A, Miller RL, O’Shea TM, Porucznik CA, Wright RJ. Youth Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics 2022; 149:e2021054754. [PMID: 35301542 PMCID: PMC9169239 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-054754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The family stress model proposes economic hardship results in caregiver distress and relational problems, which negatively impact youth outcomes. We extend this model to evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related family hardships on caregiver and youth stress, and, in turn, youth's psychological well-being. We also investigate how social supports moderate this relationship. METHODS We used 2 samples of cross-sectional survey data collected between May 2020 and May 2021: children aged 2 to 12 years (n = 977) and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (n = 669). Variables included pandemic-related family hardships, stress, social support, and youth life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Experiencing more pandemic-related family hardships was associated with increased caregiver and youth stress (b = 0.04 to 0.21, SE = 0.01-0.02) and, in turn, decreased youth life satisfaction (b = -0.36 to -0.38, SE = 0.04-0.07). Social connectedness (b^ = 0.11-0.17, SE = 0.04) and family engagement (b^ = 0.12-0.18, SE = 0.05-0.06) had direct positive associations with life satisfaction; for children aged 2 to 12 years, greater family engagement was associated with decreased effect of child stress on life satisfaction (b^ = 0.15, SE = 0.05). For adolescents, females had higher levels of stress compared with males (b^ = 0.40, SE = 0.6), and having anxiety and/or depression was associated with decreased life satisfaction (b^ = -0.24, SE = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Caregivers and youth who experienced more coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic hardships had higher levels of stress, particularly adolescent females. Although stress negatively impacted life satisfaction across all ages, family engagement was a protective factor for children aged 2 to 12 years, whereas having anxiety and/or depression was a risk factor for adolescents. For all youth, however, being more socially connected and engaged with family promoted life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phillip Sherlock
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jody Ganiban
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Columbian School of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Charles J. Barone
- Department of Pediatrics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Clancy Blair
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shaina Collazo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Kaiser Permanente North California, Oakland, California
| | - Sean Deoni
- Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute & Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | | | - Rebecca C. Fry
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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965
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Giannopoulou I, Efstathiou V, Korkoliakou P, Triantafyllou G, Smyrnis N, Douzenis A. Mental health of adolescents amidst preparation for university entrance exams during the second pandemic-related lockdown in Greece. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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966
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Estrela M, Silva TM, Gomes ER, Piñeiro M, Figueiras A, Roque F, Herdeiro MT. Prescription of anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants in outpatient, universal care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: a nationwide, interrupted time-series approach. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:335-340. [PMID: 34625519 PMCID: PMC8507401 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the population's mental health. However, its impact on the consumption of anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants remains to be evaluated. Hence, this article aims to assess the prescription trends of these drugs in Portugal, from January 2018 to March 2021, while critically examining whether the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on these prescription trends or not. METHODS A nationwide interrupted time-series analysis of the prescription data of anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants in outpatient setting of the public health sector was conducted. The data encompassed the defined daily dose per month, age range and sex and were analysed following a segmented regression approach. RESULTS The pandemic preceded an immediate reduction in the prescription of anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics for children and adolescents. However, an increasing trend throughout the pandemic has been noted in the prescription of these drugs, especially among adults aged 65 years or above. A drop in antidepressant prescription was observed as an immediate effect of the pandemic among male and female adolescents and elderly women. From March 2020 to March 2021, a decreasing prescription trend has been noted among men. CONCLUSIONS When analysing specific genders and age ranges, differences can be noted, in terms of both immediate impact and prescribing trends throughout 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on mental health and its association with the consumption trends of psychoactive drugs, and with the access to mental health treatments, should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Estrela
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Magalhães Silva
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eva Rebelo Gomes
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Piñeiro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fátima Roque
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Guarda, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Herdeiro
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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967
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Pandémie de COVID-19: attachement, anxiété, régulation émotionnelle et stratégies de coping chez les enfants d’âge scolaire. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9040523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Un impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les émotions et comportements des enfants a été retrouvé dans plusieurs études. Cependant, cet impact n’a pas été retrouvé dans toutes les études. L’attachement pourrait être lié à des réactions et des niveaux d’anxiété différents. Objectif L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’analyser les liens entre l’attachement insécure des enfants et les variables liées à l’anxiété et à la gestion émotionnelle et comportementale des enfants pendant la pandémie. Méthode Les participants de l’étude (n = 83 parents et leur enfant âgé de 6 à 12 ans) ont complété de façon anonyme des questionnaires en ligne évaluant l’insécurité d’attachement, l’anxiété-état, les stratégies de coping et la régulation émotionnelle. Ils ont également répondu à des questions sociodémographiques et liées à leur contexte de vie et vécu de la pandémie. Résultats L’anxiété-état est liée de façon significative à la dysrégulation émotionnelle des enfants mais pas à la stratégie de coping tourné vers l’émotion. Des liens significatifs ont été observés entre l’insécurité d’attachement, d’une part, et l’anxiété-état des enfants, la stratégie de coping tourné vers l’émotion et la dysrégulation émotionnelle des enfants, d’autre part. La dysrégulation émotionnelle médiatiserait le lien entre attachement désorganisé et anxiété-état. Conclusion Les liens entre l’insécurité d’attachement et l’anxiété-état des enfants, d’une part, et la stratégie de coping tourné vers l’émotion, d’autre part, montrent l’importance de prendre en compte les facteurs individuels et interactionnels dans les manifestations socio-émotionnelles des enfants pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
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968
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Brooks Carthon JM, Perez GA, Brawner BM. Health equity and social determinants of health. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:139-141. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Margo Brooks Carthon
- Department of Family & Community Health University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - G. Adriana Perez
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Bridgette M. Brawner
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing Villanova University Villanova Pennsylvania USA
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969
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Guterman EL. Addressing Vulnerability and Dementia in the Era of COVID-19. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:327-328. [PMID: 35226069 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elan L Guterman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
- Viewpoints Editor, JAMA Neurology
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970
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Claudet I, Marchand-Tonel C, Kelly-Irving M, Gaudron CZ, Raynaud JP, Delpierre C, Bréhin C. The psychological effects of COVID-19-related containment in children: The E-COCCON French study. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:188-193. [PMID: 35115219 PMCID: PMC8768449 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first containment of the Sars-Cov2 pandemic had the potential to generate posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in children. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of PTS symptoms within 6 weeks of the end of lockdown, in children contained between March 17, 2020 and May 11, 2020 in France. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a French prospective cross-sectional study between May 15 and July 2, 2020 conducted via telephone survey. Parents of children aged between 8 and 15 years were eligible. The invitation to participate was proposed through social networks (Instagram and Facebook), various local and national media, and by e-mail to the staff of our University Hospital Center. The PTS symptoms were assessed using the CRIES-13. A score of 30 and over has been confirmed as the cut-off for screening cases. RESULTS During the study period, 379 children (male, n = 207) were included, their mean age was 10.8±2.1 years. Symptoms of PTSD were identified in 17% of the children (girls 20.5%, boys 13.5%). These children were younger (p = 0.04), lacked access to a private outdoor space (p < 0.0001; OR: 7.8), had parents whose profession exposed them more to the coronavirus, and had parents who were more afraid of COVID-19. CONCLUSION After the first lockdown related to the pandemic crisis, children developed PTSD symptoms. The onset of such symptoms is correlated with gender, age, lockdown conditions, and parental perceptions. These last considerations were worse for pink- or blue-collar families, attesting to the subsequent intensification of health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Claudet
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, France; UMR 1295, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, UPS, Toulouse III, France.
| | | | - M Kelly-Irving
- UMR 1295, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, UPS, Toulouse III, France
| | - C Zaouche Gaudron
- UMR 5193, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), Jean-Jaurès University, UT2J, Toulouse II, France
| | - J-P Raynaud
- UMR 1295, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, UPS, Toulouse III, France; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department (SUPEA), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - C Delpierre
- UMR 1295, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, UPS, Toulouse III, France
| | - C Bréhin
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, France; UMR 1416, Inserm, IRSD, Toulouse, France
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971
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Yule AM, Kurtz BP. Children's Mental Health is Important for All Psychiatrists to Address. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:175. [PMID: 37153128 PMCID: PMC10153496 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Yule
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (Yule); Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Kurtz)
| | - Brian P Kurtz
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (Yule); Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (Kurtz)
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972
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Cozzi G, Marchetti F, Barbi E. Clinicians need to be careful that they do not confuse mental health issues and long COVID in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2022; 112:180-182. [PMID: 35285070 PMCID: PMC9111217 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo GarofoloTriesteItaly
| | | | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo GarofoloTriesteItaly,University of TriesteTriesteItaly
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973
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Fernandes MDSV, da Silva TMV, Noll PRES, de Almeida AA, Noll M. Depressive Symptoms and Their Associated Factors in Vocational-Technical School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3735. [PMID: 35329421 PMCID: PMC8955985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms, behavioral habits, and QoL in students from two vocational-technical schools, and to determine the association of depressive symptoms with behavioral habits and quality of life (QoL) in these students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with students attending the institution of the Brazilian Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education. The students answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, situations related to the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral habits, QoL, and depressive symptoms. The outcome variable was the presence of depressive symptoms, assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed. A total of 343 students participated in this study (women, 55.7%; mean age of 16.1 ± 0.93 years). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students was 43.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0-49.0), and these symptoms were significantly associated with being female (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31-2.27); being in the 10th grade (PR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18-2.76) and 9th grade (PR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.37-3.18); social isolation (PR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.00-4.14); hunger due to a lack of food at home (PR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.33-2.39); low physical activity levels (PR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.59); and moderate (PR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.68-4.89) and low QoL (PR: 5.66; 95% CI: 3.48-9.19). The results emphasize the importance of interventions aimed mainly at female students and those in the initial years of high school, in addition to the importance of physical activity, food safety, and QoL to improve the mental health of students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thays Martins Vital da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais 38706-328, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo—USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiás 74001-970, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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974
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Knowland VCP, van Rijn E, Gaskell MG, Henderson L. UK children's sleep and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:76. [PMID: 35313993 PMCID: PMC8936042 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep and mental wellbeing are intimately linked. This relationship is particularly important to understand as it emerges over childhood. Here we take the opportunity that the COVID-19 pandemic, and resulting lockdown in the UK, presented to study sleep-related behaviour and anxiety in school-aged children.
Methods Parents and children were asked to complete questionnaires towards the start of the UK lockdown in April-to-May of 2020, then again in August of that year (when many restrictions had been lifted). We explored children’s emotional responses to the pandemic and sleep patterns at both time points, from the perspectives of parents and children themselves.
Results Children’s bedtime anxiety increased at the start of the lockdown as compared to a typical week; however, by August, bedtime anxiety had ameliorated along with children’s COVID-19 related anxiety. Bedtime anxiety predicted how long it took children to fall asleep at night at both the start and the end of the lockdown. Bedtime and wake-up time shifted at the start of lockdown, but interestingly total sleep time was resilient (likely owing to an absence of early school start times) and was not predicted by child anxiety. Conclusions These findings further support calls for sleep quality (in particular, time taken to fall asleep) to be taken as a key indicator of mental health in children, particularly under usual circumstances when schools are open and sleep duration may be less resilient. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00729-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C P Knowland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. .,Speech and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Elaine van Rijn
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M Gareth Gaskell
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lisa Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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975
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[The Prevailing Emphasis on the Quality of the Parent-Infant Relationship for Early Intervention]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2022; 71:261-282. [PMID: 35301920 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Attachment theory is the buzzword in parenting guides and professional publications, and risk to the child's attachment development is widely used as the threshold for early intervention. Given the severe impact of inaccurately diagnosed attachment disturbances on the child's wellbeing (Granqvist et al., 2017), the valid assessment of the quality of the early parent-infant relationship is crucial.This is particularly relevant during the ongoing pandemic which specifically burdens young families. Based on the psychoanalytic understanding of the parent-infant relationship and its crucial importance for the infant's emerging self, this paper gives an introduction into the early relational development in infancy.The relevance of a psychodynamic diagnosis of relational disturbance in the first year is described using the Parent-Infant Relational Assessment Tool (PIRAT) Global Scales (Broughton, Hommel, the Parent-Infant Project, 2016; Hommel, 2018). Conceptualized at theAnna Freud Centre in London, the PIRAT was developed and validated, by the author.The prevailing emphasis on the importance of early intervention, and the evidence of the effectiveness of parent-infant psychotherapy in improving both parental functioning and fostering secure attachment relationships in young children (Barlow et al., 2013), support the clinical need to detect very early risks for parents and babies (Sleed, 2013).
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976
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Dollberg DG, Hanetz-Gamliel K. Mediation-Moderation Links Between Mothers' ACEs, Mothers' and Children's Psychopathology Symptoms, and Maternal Mentalization During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:837423. [PMID: 35370808 PMCID: PMC8968198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.837423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as a transdiagnostic risk factor for a variety of affective disorders. They are also linked with a parent's tendency toward affect dysregulation and hyperarousal, which may interfere with parenting and children's wellbeing. On the other hand, maternal mentalization can serve as a moderating factor that can help parents regulate their arousal, shielding children during adverse circumstances. We studied the mediated links between ACEs and mothers' and children's psychopathology symptoms during COVID-19 to determine whether maternal mentalization and the child's age moderate these links. Using results from 152 Israeli mothers of children aged 3-12 years recruited during the month-long lockdown in Israel, we documented that the mothers' ACEs were linked with increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms and with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Moreover, as hypothesized, the mothers' symptoms of depression and anxiety mediated the links between their ACEs and their children's internalizing behaviors. In addition, the mothers' mentalization skills and, in the case of their depressive symptoms, their child's age, moderated these indirect links. For mothers of young children (3-6 years old) with higher mentalization levels, the link between the mothers' ACEs and the children's behavior problems was weaker compared to mothers with low mentalization levels. For mothers of older children (6-12 years old), and only in the case of maternal depressive symptoms, higher levels of maternal mentalization were linked with more internalizing behaviors. We discuss the potential clinical implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna G. Dollberg
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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977
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A cognitive behavioural therapy smartphone app for adolescent depression and anxiety: co-design of ClearlyMe. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x22000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adolescence is associated with heightened vulnerability to symptoms of depression and anxiety. In-person and computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective treatment options, yet uptake and engagement remain low. Smartphone delivery of CBT offers an alternative, highly accessible method of delivering CBT. However, there is no freely available CBT smartphone application (app) specifically designed to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. The aim of this study was to design a new CBT smartphone app (ClearlyMe) that targets depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. We engaged in a rigorous co-design process with adolescents (n=36), parents (n=15), and mental health professionals (n=32). Co-design involved: (1) discovery of users’ needs, views and preferences by conducting focus groups, (2) defining app features through ideation workshops and user consultations, (3) designing therapeutic CBT content and visual features, and (4) testing prototypes. Users were involved at every step and the process was iterative, with findings carried forward to ensure continued refinement of concepts and features. We found a preference for vibrant, cheerful colours and illustrations and non-endorsement of gamification and chatbots, which contrasted with findings from other studies. Preferences were largely consistent between the three user groups. However, adolescents preferred an app that could be used autonomously without professional support, whereas mental health professionals desired a product for use as a therapy adjunct to support CBT skill development. The importance of co-design, and particularly the inclusion of all stakeholders throughout the entire co-design process, is discussed in relation to the design of ClearlyMe.
Key learning aims
(1)
To understand the co-design process that underpins the development of a new CBT smartphone app for youth with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.
(2)
To understand adolescent, parent and mental health professionals’ key preferences regarding the features and functionality of a CBT smartphone app for adolescents with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.
(3)
To understand how ClearlyMe has been designed as both a therapy adjunct and stand-alone program, and how it can be incorporated into day-to-day clinical practice.
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978
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Pais-Ribeiro J, Ferreira-Valente A, Jarego M, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Miró J. COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: Psychosocial and Health-Related Factors Associated with Psychological Discomfort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063494. [PMID: 35329180 PMCID: PMC8948976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful long-lasting event with an increasingly negative impact upon individuals. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude of depression, anxiety, and stress among adults living in Portugal during the first mandatory lockdown of 2020, and the psychosocial and health-related factors associated with these symptoms. A sample of 484 adults (73% women) with an average age of 40 years old (Standard Deviation, SD = 14.03) responded to an online survey. The survey included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, social support, COVID-19 interference in daily life, attitudes towards COVID-19, and health perception. The impact of the lockdown on psychological well-being was large, with up to 36% of the participants showing signs of at least mild psychological discomfort (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Social support, COVID-19 interference on daily life, health perception, and age, explained all the dependent variables. Education level, income, attitudes towards COVID-19, and gender explained some of the dependent variables. These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a serious impact on the psychological health of Portuguese adults. The role of the procedures to control the pandemic on the mental health of Portuguese adults should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pais-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-University Institute, 1100-304 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Alexandra Ferreira-Valente
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-University Institute, 1100-304 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarida Jarego
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-University Institute, 1100-304 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain–ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (E.S.-R.); (J.M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Miró
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain–ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (E.S.-R.); (J.M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Catalonia, Spain
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979
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Guzick AG, Leong AW, Dickinson EM, Schneider SC, Zopatti K, Manis J, Meinert AC, Barth AM, Perez M, Campo DM, Weinzimmer SA, Cepeda SL, Mathai D, Shah A, Goodman WK, Salloum A, Kennedy S, Ehrenreich-May J, Storch EA. Brief, parent-led, transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral teletherapy for youth with emotional problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:130-137. [PMID: 35031335 PMCID: PMC8752168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression in children. A six-session, parent-led, transdiagnostic, cognitive-behavioral teletherapy program was adapted from an established protocol to help youth aged between 5 and 13 years manage emotional problems during the pandemic. METHODS One-hundred twenty-nine parents of youth struggling with emotional problems during the COVID-19 pandemic participated in the program. Parents reported on their children's psychosocial functioning before and after treatment using validated assessments. They also reported on treatment satisfaction. Clinician-rated global improvement was assessed at each session to determine clinically significant treatment response. RESULTS Significant improvements in parent proxy-reported anxiety (d = 0.56), depression (d = 0.69), stress (d = 0.61), anger (d = 0.69), family relationships (d = 0.32), and COVID-19-related distress (d = 1.08) were found, with 62% of participants who completed the program being classified as treatment responders. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by use of primarily parent-report assessments and a lack of a control group. CONCLUSIONS Brief, parent-led, transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral teletherapy appeared to be an effective way to help youth cope with the pandemic and may be a scalable framework in response to large-scale mental health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Guzick
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Alicia W Leong
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Emily M Dickinson
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Florida International University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Katherine Zopatti
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Houston, USA
| | - Jamie Manis
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Houston, USA
| | - Allison C Meinert
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Houston, USA
| | - Alexandra M Barth
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Houston, USA
| | - Mayra Perez
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daphne M Campo
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Asim Shah
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric A Storch
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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980
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Che Mohd Nassir CMN, Zolkefley MKI, Ramli MD, Norman HH, Abdul Hamid H, Mustapha M. Neuroinflammation and COVID-19 Ischemic Stroke Recovery—Evolving Evidence for the Mediating Roles of the ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas Receptor Axis and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063085. [PMID: 35328506 PMCID: PMC8949282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular events, notably acute ischemic strokes (AIS), have been reported in the setting of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Commonly regarded as cryptogenic, to date, the etiology is thought to be multifactorial and remains obscure; it is linked either to a direct viral invasion or to an indirect virus-induced prothrombotic state, with or without the presence of conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. In addition, patients are at a greater risk of developing long-term negative sequelae, i.e., long-COVID-related neurological problems, when compared to non-COVID-19 stroke patients. Central to the underlying neurobiology of stroke recovery in the context of COVID-19 infection is reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which is known to lead to thrombo-inflammation and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR) axis inhibition. Moreover, after AIS, the activated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may heighten the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating neuro-glial cell dysfunction, ultimately leading to nerve-cell death. Therefore, potential neuroprotective therapies targeting the molecular mechanisms of the aforementioned mediators may help to inform rehabilitation strategies to improve brain reorganization (i.e., neuro-gliogenesis and synaptogenesis) and secondary prevention among AIS patients with or without COVID-19. Therefore, this narrative review aims to evaluate the mediating role of the ACE2/Ang- (1-7)/MasR axis and NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19-mediated AIS, as well as the prospects of these neuroinflammation mediators for brain repair and in secondary prevention strategies against AIS in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.M.N.C.M.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohd K. I. Zolkefley
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Danial Ramli
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Haziq Hazman Norman
- Anatomy Unit, International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.M.N.C.M.N.); (M.M.)
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981
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Werling AM, Walitza S, Eliez S, Drechsler R. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Care of Children and Adolescents in Switzerland: Results of a Survey among Mental Health Care Professionals after One Year of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063252. [PMID: 35328941 PMCID: PMC8953578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment demand and supply in children and adolescents with mental disorders during the first year of the pandemic from the perspective of child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychologists in Switzerland. Methods: The survey was conducted anonymously, in German or French and online in April/May 2021. Mental health professionals working in child and adolescent psychiatry, psychotherapy services or independent practices were contacted by email. Results: N = 454 professionals completed the survey (176 child and adolescent psychiatrists and 276 psychologists). After an initial period of decreased demand during the lockdown in spring 2020, requests for treatment increased, considerably exceeding the demand pre-pandemic and reaching a peak in January/February/March 2021. The vast majority of professionals (78.2%) estimated that there was currently too little supply during the pandemic, which differed from the evaluation of the pre-pandemic situation (37%). A total of 65% of participants indicated that waiting time until the initiation of treatment increased during the pandemic, 41% reported their current workload to be somewhat higher and 44.5% much higher. Conclusions: For the first pandemic year, youth mental health professionals reported a large increase in the treatment demand and waiting time and a worrisome overload of treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.W.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.W.); (R.D.)
- Swiss Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Swiss Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.W.); (R.D.)
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982
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Cai H, Bai W, Liu H, Chen X, Qi H, Liu R, Cheung T, Su Z, Lin J, Tang YL, Jackson T, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 35273161 PMCID: PMC8907388 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Network analysis is an effective approach for examining complex relationships between psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine item-level relationships between depressive and anxiety symptoms using network analysis in an adolescent sample and identified the most central symptoms within the depressive-anxiety symptoms network model. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), respectively. The structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms was characterized using "Strength" and "Bridge Strength" as centrality indices in the symptom network. Network stability was tested using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Finally, a Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed on the basis of gender, school grade and residence. Network analysis revealed that nodes PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), GAD6 ("Irritability"), GAD3 ("Worry too much"), and PHQ6 ("Guilty") were central symptoms in the network model of adolescents. Additionally, bridge symptoms linking anxiety and depressive symptoms in this sample were nodes PHQ6 ("Guilty"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"). Gender, school grade and residence did not significantly affect the network structure. Central symptoms (e.g., Sad mood, Irritability, Worry too much, and Guilty) and key bridge symptoms (e.g., Guilty, Sad mood, and Suicide ideation) in the depressive and anxiety symptoms network may be useful as potential targets for intervention among adolescents who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province China
| | - Xu Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Qi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jingxia Lin
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-lang Tang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.414026.50000 0004 0419 4084Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Todd Jackson
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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983
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Morrow AK, Malone LA, Kokorelis C, Petracek LS, Eastin EF, Lobner KL, Neuendorff L, Rowe PC. Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2022; 10:31-44. [PMID: 35287333 PMCID: PMC8906524 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To discuss emerging understandings of adolescent long COVID or post-COVID-19 conditions, including proposed clinical definitions, common symptoms, epidemiology, overlaps with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and orthostatic intolerance, and preliminary guidance on management. Recent Findings The recent World Health Organization clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition requires a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms starting within 3 months of the onset of COVID-19. Symptoms must last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition include, but are not limited to, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms generally have an impact on everyday functioning. The incidence of prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection has proven challenging to define, but it is now clear that those with relatively mild initial infections, without severe initial respiratory disease or end-organ injury, can still develop chronic impairments, with symptoms that overlap with conditions like ME/CFS (profound fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction, and orthostatic intolerance). Summary We do not yet have a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which individuals develop post-COVID-19 conditions. There may be several distinct types of long COVID that require different treatments. At this point, there is no single pharmacologic agent to effectively treat all symptoms. Because some presentations of post-COVID-19 conditions mimic disorders such as ME/CFS, treatment guidelines for this and related conditions can be helpful for managing post-COVID-19 symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00261-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Morrow
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Laura A Malone
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Christina Kokorelis
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lindsay S Petracek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 2077, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ella F Eastin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 2077, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Luise Neuendorff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter C Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 2077, Baltimore, MD USA
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984
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Kresovich A. An Experimental Test of Pop Music Lyrics Referencing Anxiety on Female College Students' Audience Involvement and Peer Mental Health Empathy. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:192-200. [PMID: 35608171 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2078910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Empathy among this generation of students appears to be drastically lower than previous generations. Mental health empathy is inversely related to mental health stigma, and stigma persists as the most significant barrier to help-seeking among this population. Research suggests that pop songs that reference mental health difficulties may help to increase mental health empathy. This paper reports on an experimental test of music lyric and lyric video effects, comparing the influence of exposure to a pop song and lyric video with anxiety-themed lyrics, a pop song and lyric video without any mental health-themed lyrics, and a pop song instrumental and lyric video with no lyrics on female college students' involvement - perceived personal connection - with the song and their peer mental health empathy. Results suggest that a single exposure to a pop song and visual lyric video with anxiety-themed lyrics can influence peer mental health empathy. Further, these findings indicate that song lyrics are a significant gateway to audience involvement in this context. This study's findings are valuable to mental health communication practitioners struggling to reach female youth as empathetic reactions are often necessary to encourage positive health behavior change in the context of stigmatized health conditions, such as mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, US
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985
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Jeelani A, Dkhar SA, Quansar R, Khan SMS. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents in Indian Kashmir valley during COVID-19 pandemic. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8893978 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to severe disruption in routine activities, significant mortality and morbidity. Adolescents are particularly prone to mental health issues. The present study aims to estimate prevalence of depression and anxiety and its determinants among school-going adolescents in Kashmir valley of India. Results The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents and Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire were used to screen for depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years during January and February 2021. Out of the 439 adolescents who had responded, 426 (97.03%) were included in final analysis. The adolescents had a mean age of 17.5 + 1.26 years and comprised of 57% males. The overall prevalence of depression was 16% and was associated with a past history of COVID-19 infection. Anxiety was present in 20% of adolescents. The prevalence was 14% for boys and 27.5% for girls. On logistic regression, anxiety was associated with female gender, past history of personal COVID-19 infection, history of COVID-19 diagnosis in family and hospital admission due to COVID-19 in family. Conclusions Anxiety and depression are major public health problems among adolescents. The high burden estimated in our study highlights the need for immediate action to support adolescents particularly those with a self/family history of COVID-19.
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986
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Zhong BL, Xiang YT. Challenges to and Recent Research on the Mental Health of Older Adults in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:179-181. [PMID: 35245997 PMCID: PMC8899836 DOI: 10.1177/08919887221078558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry,
Wuhan
Mental Health Center, Wuhan,
China,Department of Clinical Psychology,
Wuhan Hospital
for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of
Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational
Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Macau, Macao, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain
Sciences, University of
Macau, Macao, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in
Humanities and Social Sciences, University of
Macau, Macao, China,Yu-Tao Xiang, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, 3/F, Building E12, Taipa, Macau
SAR, China.
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987
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Bergey M, Chiri G, Freeman NLB, Mackie TI. Mapping mental health inequalities: The intersecting effects of gender, race, class, and ethnicity on ADHD diagnosis. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:604-623. [PMID: 35147240 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the effects of social stratification by gender, race, class, and ethnicity on health inequalities are well-documented, our understanding of the intersecting consequences of these social dimensions on diagnosis remains limited. This is particularly the case in studies of mental health, where "paradoxical" patterns of stratification have been identified. Using a Bayesian multi-level random-effects Poisson model and a nationally representative random sample of 138,009 households from the National Survey of Children's Health, this study updates and extends the literature on mental health inequalities through an intersectional investigation of one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions of childhood/adolescence: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Findings indicate that gender, race, class, and ethnicity combine in mutually constitutive ways to explain between-group variation in ADHD diagnosis. Observed effects underscore the importance and feasibility of an intersectional, multi-level modelling approach and data mapping technique to advance our understanding of social subgroups more/less likely to be diagnosed with mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Bergey
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giuseppina Chiri
- RTI International, Center for the Health of Populations, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikki L B Freeman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas I Mackie
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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988
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Magwood O, Saad A, Ranger D, Volpini K, Rukikamirera F, Haridas R, Sayfi S, Alexander J, Tan Y, Petkovic J, Pottie K. PROTOCOL: Mobile apps to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 18:e1222. [PMID: 36908657 PMCID: PMC8921547 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth doubled in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has created sustained disruption in society, schools, and universities, including increasing poverty and discrimination. Public health restrictions have caused isolation and reduced social and emotional support. Together, these factors make depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth a global public health emergency. Mobile applications (apps) have emerged as potentially scalable intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth that could meet increased demands for mental health resources. Mobile apps may potentially reduce psychological distress with accessible technology-based mental health resources. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of mobile apps on depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth. Search Methods We will develop a systematic search strategy in collaboration with an experienced librarian. We will search a series of databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL) from January 2008 to July 2021. Selection Criteria Following the PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews, two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies: randomized controlled trials on mobile apps for the management of depressive disorders (depression and anxiety) and alcohol use in youth aged 15-24 years of age. Data Collection and Analysis Eligible studies will be assessed for risk of bias, and outcomes pooled, when appropriate, for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity, if present, will be examined for gender. ethnicity, and socioeconomic status contributions. A narrative synthesis will highlight similarities and differences between the included studies. We will report GRADE summary of finding tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Magwood
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ammar Saad
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Dominique Ranger
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kate Volpini
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Franklin Rukikamirera
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rinila Haridas
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Shahab Sayfi
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jeremie Alexander
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and ScienceQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Yvonne Tan
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Arts and ScienceQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Kevin Pottie
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research CentreBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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989
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Wilson S, Dumornay NM. Rising Rates of Adolescent Depression in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:354-355. [PMID: 35183317 PMCID: PMC8868033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylia Wilson
- Corresponding author. University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, 51 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
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990
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Braun P, Drüge M, Hennemann S, Nitsch FJ, Staeck R, Apolinário-Hagen J. Acceptance of E-Mental Health Services for Different Application Purposes Among Psychotherapists in Clinical Training in Germany and Switzerland: Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:840869. [PMID: 35295621 PMCID: PMC8918841 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.840869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite solid evidence supporting the efficacy of electronic mental health (EMH) services, their acceptance among psychotherapists is limited and uptake rates remain low. However, the acceptance of different EMH services has yet barely been examined in future generations of psychotherapists in a differentiated manner. The aims of this study were (1) to elaborate the intention to use various EMH services for different application purposes and (2) to determine predictors of EMH service acceptance among psychotherapists in clinical training (PiT). Materials and Methods Our paper is based on a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Respondents were recruited via recognized educational institutions for psychotherapy within Germany and the German-speaking part of Switzerland between June and July of 2020. The survey contained items on the intention to use different EMH services (i.e., guided and unguided programs, virtual reality, psychotherapy by telephone and videoconference) for various application purposes (i.e., prevention, treatment addition, treatment substitute, aftercare). Potential predictors of EMH service acceptance (e.g., barriers and advantages) were examined based on an extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Results Most of the n = 216 respondents were female (88.4%) and located in Germany (72.2%). General acceptance of EMH was moderate (M = 3.4, SD = 1.12, range 1-5), while acceptance of psychotherapy via videoconference was highest (M = 3.7, SD = 1.15) and acceptance of unguided programs was lowest (M = 2.55, SD = 1.14). There was an interaction effect of EMH service and application purpose (η2 = 0.21). Barriers and advantages both had a uniform influence on EMH service acceptance (Pr > 0.999), while impersonality, legal concerns, concerns about therapeutic alliance, simplified information provision, simplified contact maintenance, time flexibility, and geographic flexibility were significant predictors (all p < 0.05). Results showed that the extended UTAUT model was the best fitting model to predict EMH service acceptance (Pr > 0.999). Conclusions The intention to use different EMH services varied between application purposes among PiT. To increase acceptance of EMH services and reduce misconceptions, we identified predictors that should be addressed in future acceptance-facilitating interventions when educating PiT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Braun
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie Drüge
- Department of Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Hennemann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Jan Nitsch
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Robert Staeck
- Department of Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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991
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A Sustainable Swedish School Intervention with Extra Aerobic Exercise—Its Organization and Effects on Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A large majority of Swedish children do not reach the recommended daily activity level. Some, but not all, studies show that extra physical activity may have positive effects on children’s school performance, physical fitness and health. The present purpose was to offer pupils from the 7th to the 8th grade extra aerobic exercise led by physical education teachers and to evaluate the effects on aerobic fitness, muscle strength, school grades and health. The hypothesis was that extra aerobic exercise would improve physical fitness, school grades and health. In the two-year project, 122 pupils aged 13–14 years from three schools constituted an aerobic group with 30 min extra exercise sessions (≥70% maximal heart rate) twice weekly. A control group of 26 pupils was included. All 148 pupils also had regular 60 min physical education lessons (2/week). A moderate to large significant effect size (via partial eta-squared) of the interaction effect for the aerobic group compared to the control group over time was generally seen for aerobic fitness, the muscle strength test with push-ups, school grades in Swedish, English and physical education, and in average school grade for four school subjects combined, thus also including mathematics. Within the aerobic group, significant improvements were also shown for aerobic fitness, endurance and strength of abdominal and leg muscles, and the total physical test index during the two-year project. The control group showed no corresponding improvement in these parameters. Improvements in school grades were generally seen among both sexes in the aerobic group, whereas improvements in physical capacity were distinctly more pronounced among boys and seldom among girls. A similar pattern with significant improvement in several school grades was noted in all three intervention schools, although one of the schools had a distinctly larger proportion of children who immigrated to Sweden. The aerobic group showed significantly higher ratings (with a small to moderate effect size) on several questions about physical self-perception than the control group at the end of the 8th grade. This teacher-led school intervention generated a sustainable project with improvements in physical fitness and school grades. The project might act as an inspiration for other schools to increase physical activity to improve physical fitness and possibly school grades.
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992
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Emotional Situation of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Results from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052698. [PMID: 35270389 PMCID: PMC8910582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous restrictions in daily life that had a significant impact on the well-being and mental health of the population. Among others, children and adolescents were particularly affected, being a vulnerable group at risk. The aim of this study was to assess the emotional situation of children and adolescents during different phases of the pandemic and to identify modifying factors. Data from the serial cross-sectional COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) survey in Germany were used for this study. The survey waves 12 (19th/20th May 2020) and 21 (15th/16th September 2020) were investigated as examples of two different pandemic phases. The psychosocial and emotional situation and well-being of children were measured with the emotional subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed by parents. Descriptive analyses and logistic regressions were calculated. In total, a third of the participating parents in wave 12 and in wave 21 reported having children and adolescents with emotional symptoms. Especially children with younger parents seemed to be more affected by emotional symptoms. Sociodemographic aspects, such as household language, showed a significant association with reported emotional symptoms in children (Wave 12: OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.20-4.09). Reported prevalences of emotional symptoms in children did not differ between the pandemic phases. In conclusion, the pandemic had negative influences on the emotional symptoms of children and adolescents in COVID-19 pandemic waves in 2020, indicating a forecasted reoccurrence and need for preventive measures for upcoming waves and other pandemics in the future.
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993
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Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Kauhanen L, Sourander A, Brown JSL, Peltonen K, Mishina K, Lempinen L, Bastola K, Gilbert S, Gyllenberg D. Registered psychiatric service use, self-harm and suicides of children and young people aged 0-24 before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:15. [PMID: 35216630 PMCID: PMC8874300 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on psychiatric symptoms of children and young people, but many psychiatric services have been disrupted. It is unclear how service use, self-harm and suicide has changed since the pandemic started. To gain timely information, this systematic review focused on studies based on administrative data that compared psychiatric service use, self-harm and suicide before and during the pandemic among children and young people. METHODS AND FINDING A systematic review of studies published in English from 1 January 2020 to 22 March 2021 was conducted, using the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Increases or reductions in service use were calculated and compared using percentages. Of the 2,676 papers retrieved, 18 were eligible for the review and they provided data from 19 countries and regions. Most studies assessed changes during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, from March to July 2020, and three assessed the changes until October 2020. Fifteen studies reported a total of 21 service use outcomes that were quantitively examined. More than three-quarters of the 21 outcomes (81%) fell by 5-80% (mean reduction = 27.9%, SD = 35%). Ten of the 20 outcomes for psychiatric emergency department (ED) services reduced by 5% to 80% (mean = 40.1%, SD = 34.9%) during the pandemic. Reductions in service use were also recorded for ED visits due to suicide ideation and self-harm, referrals to secondary mental health services, psychiatric inpatient unit admissions and patients receiving treatment for eating disorders. However, there were also some increases. Suicide rate and the number of ED visits due to suicide attempts have increased, and there was an increase in the number of treatment sessions in a service that provided telemedicine. CONCLUSION Most of the studies showed reductions in the use of psychiatric services by children and young people during the early phase of the pandemic and this highlighted potential delays or unmet needs. Suicide rate has increased during the second wave of the pandemic. Further studies are needed to assess the pattern of service use in the later phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Mohd Azam Wan Mohd Yunus
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410877.d0000 0001 2296 1505Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Laura Kauhanen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - June S. L. Brown
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, England, UK
| | - Kirsi Peltonen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Mishina
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lotta Lempinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalpana Bastola
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sonja Gilbert
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David Gyllenberg
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäinenkatu 3, 3rd. floor, 20014, Turku, Finland. .,INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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994
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Moore G, Anthony R, Angel L, Hawkins J, Morgan K, Copeland L, Murphy S, Van Godwin J, Shenderovich Y. Mental health and life satisfaction among 10-11-year-olds in Wales, before and one year after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:379. [PMID: 35193528 PMCID: PMC8863505 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, including in the United Kingdom (UK), COVID-19 social distancing measures placed substantial restrictions on children's lives in 2020 and 2021, including closure of schools and limitations on play. Many children faced milestones such as transition to secondary school having missed several months of face-to-face schooling in the previous academic years. METHODS This paper examines change in mental health difficulties, life satisfaction, school connectedness, and feelings about transition to secondary school among 10-11-year-olds in Wales, UK, using data from repeat cross-sectional surveys before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 4032 10-11-year-old schoolchildren. The first cohort completed a school-based survey in 2019 (prior to introduction of social distancing measures), and the second in 2021 (following full return to school after two rounds of school closure). RESULTS The percentage of children reporting elevated emotional difficulties rose from 17% in 2019 to 27% in 2021 (Odds Ratio = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.23 to 2.20). There was no evidence of increased behavioural difficulties (OR = 1.04; 95%CI = 0.73 to 1.46). There was a tendency toward declines in life satisfaction in all analyses, but this intersected the null (OR = 0.86; 95%CI = 0.70 to 1.07). Children reported a high degree of school connectedness before and after the pandemic, with no evidence of change in ratings of teacher relationships, pupil relationships or pupil involvement in school life. There was no evidence of impacts of the pandemic on children's feelings about the transition to secondary school, with feelings becoming more positive as transition neared. Most findings were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Supporting children's emotional recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is a public health priority requiring urgent and effective action at multiple levels of society. Maintaining connectedness to school through the pandemic may have played a role in preventing a steeper increase in child mental health difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK.
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Rebecca Anthony
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lianna Angel
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
| | - Jemma Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
| | - Lauren Copeland
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan Van Godwin
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yulia Shenderovich
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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995
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Hamid MA, Rahat Qureshi A, Kapoor S, Shabbir W, Arulchelvan A, Vanama M, Abdi F, Gunaseelan L. Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Ontario’s Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e22526. [PMID: 35345734 PMCID: PMC8954999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of Ontario's youth. Our study investigated the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on the pediatric population of Ontario, using a survey derived from the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) system to identify children who may benefit from seeking professional help. Our cross-sectional study examined the potential risk factors that contributed to worsening mental health and wellbeing in children, including changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and physical activity levels, as well as the diagnosis of a family member with COVID-19. Our study found that 24%, 9.4%, and 15.5% of participants exhibited symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), respectively, according to the RCADS system. Furthermore, there were significant associations between the presence of symptoms and the diagnosis of a family member with COVID-19 or a frontline worker in the family. This suggests a need to create interventions to support the families of frontline workers and those directly affected by a COVID-19 diagnosis.
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996
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Doyle AE, Colvin MK, Beery CS, Koven MR, Vuijk PJ, Braaten EB. Distinct patterns of emotional and behavioral change in child psychiatry outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:12. [PMID: 35177111 PMCID: PMC8851810 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies are documenting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health. We extended this literature by characterizing a child psychiatric outpatient sample in the United States during the middle of the 2020-2021 school year. We also used a computational strategy to identify distinct patterns of psychopathology symptom change and examined correlates and predictors of such change. Among potential predictors were cognition and clinical diagnoses, which have not been studied in this context previously. METHODS Participants were 171 youth (aged 10.6 ± 3.1) referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation who enrolled in research and whose parents filled out a survey on COVID-19. The questionnaire included eight psychiatric and six psychosocial domains rated retrospectively prior to the pandemic and currently at the time of evaluation. We examined change in severity of individual domains with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We used a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify groups with distinct symptom change profiles. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined potential predictors and correlates of LPA-derived groups. Models controlled for age, sex, and assessment date and corrected for multiple testing. RESULTS Although the majority of individual psychopathology domains were worse on average during the 2020-2021 school year, youth showed distincive patterns of symptom change. In addition to a large group (72.2%) with relatively stable symptoms and a small group (6.4%) that improved on most symptoms, there were two groups with different constellations of worsening symptoms. These latter groups both showed increased sadness, anxiety and oppositionality; however, one had increased hyperactivity/impulsivity and no change in hopelessness while the other showed greater hopelessness and no change in hyperactivity. Symptoms related to the distinguishable domains of these groups predicted group membership, and changes in screen time, conflict with parents and social isolation were correlates of worsening. Cognition and lifetime clinical diagnoses failed to predict group membership. CONCLUSIONS In youth outpatients, psychiatric and psychosocial difficulties were worse on average during the school year following the spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdown; yet, some youth experienced greater and distinctive symptom change. A personalized approach to support may be needed as youth emerge from this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysa E. Doyle
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6.240, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Mary K. Colvin
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Clara S. Beery
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6.240, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Maya R. Koven
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6.240, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Pieter J. Vuijk
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St CPZN 6.240, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Ellen B. Braaten
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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997
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Adolescent Positivity and Future Orientation, Parental Psychological Control, and Young Adult Internalising Behaviours during COVID-19 in Nine Countries. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022; 11. [PMID: 37006895 PMCID: PMC10065151 DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many young adults’ lives educationally, economically, and personally. This study investigated associations between COVID-19-related disruption and perception of increases in internalising symptoms among young adults and whether these associations were moderated by earlier measures of adolescent positivity and future orientation and parental psychological control. Participants included 1329 adolescents at Time 1, and 810 of those participants as young adults (M age = 20, 50.4% female) at Time 2 from 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Drawing from a larger longitudinal study of adolescent risk taking and young adult competence, this study controlled for earlier levels of internalising symptoms during adolescence in examining these associations. Higher levels of adolescent positivity and future orientation as well as parent psychological control during late adolescence helped protect young adults from sharper perceived increases in anxiety and depression during the first nine months of widespread pandemic lockdowns in all nine countries. Findings are discussed in terms of how families in the 21st century can foster greater resilience during and after adolescence when faced with community-wide stressors, and the results provide new information about how psychological control may play a protective role during times of significant community-wide threats to personal health and welfare.
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998
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Malcangi G, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Piras F, Settanni V, Garofoli G, Palmieri G, Ceci S, Patano A, Mancini A, Vimercati L, Nemore D, Scardapane A, Rapone B, Semjonova A, D’Oria MT, Macchia L, Bordea IR, Migliore G, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Tartaglia GM, Giovanniello D, Nucci L, Maggialetti N, Parisi A, Domenico MD, Brienza N, Tafuri S, Stefanizzi P, Curatoli L, Corriero A, Contaldo M, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:249. [PMID: 35204969 PMCID: PMC8870718 DOI: 10.3390/children9020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Grazia Garofoli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Damiano Nemore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Arnaldo Scardapane
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexandra Semjonova
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Teresa D’Oria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Delia Giovanniello
- Department of Toracic Surgery, Hospital “San Camillo Forlanini”, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicola Maggialetti
- Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Luigi Curatoli
- Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corriero
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
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999
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Travis R, Levy IP, Morphew AC. "Now We're All Family": Exploring Social and Emotional Development in a Summer Hip Hop Mixtape Camp. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 41:1-18. [PMID: 35194310 PMCID: PMC8853411 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent mental health indicators were trending in the wrong direction pre-COVID-19 and have worsened with the exacerbation of life stressors during a pandemic, especially among youth of color and girls (Racine et al. in JAMA Pediatr 175:1142-1150, 2021). Hip Hop integrated group work with adolescents has increased in the literature, with an emphasis on being more culturally responsive and engaging compared to traditional therapeutic approaches. Levy and Travis (J Spec Group Work 45:307-330, 2020) found in their research that while all Hip Hop integrated groups were effective, the semi-structured group had the most significant reduction in symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety, compared to the highly structured and minimally structured groups. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a Hip Hop integrated intervention, that is multi-modal and interdisciplinary (i.e., blending two distinct models [HHE/CCMC] and facilitated by a social worker and school counselor). could effectively promote positive social and emotional development, across three leadership styles. Three groups of six high school students (total n = 18), identifying predominantly as Latinx and Black, were selected from a high school summer enrichment program. Results suggest social and emotional benefits for youth across all groups, regardless of facilitation style. Benefits included increased confidence, a strong sense of community, experiencing joy, and a willingness to step outside of their comfort zones to collaborate and create something personally meaningful. The setting (summer) and sample (high school students) have implications for programming and policies to best meet the mental health needs of youth year round and during times of instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Travis
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
| | - Ian P. Levy
- Department of Counseling and Therapy, Manhattan College, Bronx, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Morphew
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
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1000
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Blankenburg J, Wekenborg MK, Reichert J, Kirsten C, Kahre E, Haag L, Schumm L, Czyborra P, Berner R, Armann JP. Comparison of mental health outcomes in seropositive and seronegative adolescents during the COVID19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2246. [PMID: 35145161 PMCID: PMC8831534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID19 complications such as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) and Long-COVID19 move increasingly into focus, potentially causing more harm in young adolescents than the acute infection. To better understand the symptoms of long-term mental health outcomes in adolescents and distinguish infection-associated symptoms from pandemic-associated symptoms, we conducted a 12 question Long-COVID19 survey. Using this survey, we compared the responses on neurocognitive, general pain and mood symptoms from seropositive and seronegative adolescents in a cross-sectional study design. Since May 2020, students grade 8–12 in fourteen secondary schools in Eastern Saxony were enrolled in the SchoolCovid19 study. Serostatus was assessed regularly in all participants. In March/April 2021, 1560 students with a median age of 15 years participated at the regular study visit after re-opening of the schools in mid-March and responded to our Long-COVID19 survey as part of this visit. 1365 (88%) students were seronegative, 188 (12%) were seropositive. Each symptom asked in the Long-COVID19 survey was present in at least 35% of the students within the last seven days before the survey. With the exception of seropositive students being less sad, there was no significant difference comparing the reported symptoms between seropositive students and seronegative students. The lack of differences comparing the reported symptoms between seropositive and seronegative students suggests that Long-COVID19 might be less common than previously thought and emphasizes on the impact of pandemic-associated symptoms regarding the well-being and mental health of young adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration: SchoolCoviDD19: Prospektive Erfassung der SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivität bei Schulkindern nach Ende der unterrichtsfreien Zeit aufgrund der Corona-Schutz-Verordnung (COVID-19), DRKS00022455, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022455
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Blankenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalena K Wekenborg
- Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolin Kirsten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kahre
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Haag
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonie Schumm
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula Czyborra
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob P Armann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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