951
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Ser Z, Cifani P, Kentsis A. Optimized Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry for in Situ Interaction Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2545-2558. [PMID: 31083951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of mass spectrometer cleavable protein cross-linkers and algorithms for their spectral identification now permits large-scale cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS). Here, we optimized the use of cleavable disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO) cross-linker for labeling native protein complexes in live human cells. We applied a generalized linear mixture model to calibrate cross-link peptide-spectra matching (CSM) scores to control the sensitivity and specificity of large-scale XL-MS. Using specific CSM score thresholds to control the false discovery rate, we found that higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) can both be effective for large-scale XL-MS protein interaction mapping. We found that the coverage of protein-protein interaction maps is significantly improved through the use of multiple proteases. In addition, the use of focused sample-specific search databases can be used to improve the specificity of cross-linked peptide spectral matching. Application of this approach to human chromatin labeled in live cells recapitulated known and revealed new protein interactions of nucleosomes and other chromatin-associated complexes in situ. This optimized approach for mapping native protein interactions should be useful for a wide range of biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Kentsis
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College , Cornell University , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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952
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Ma P, Xu H, Li J, Lu F, Ma F, Wang S, Xiong H, Wang W, Buratto D, Zonta F, Wang N, Liu K, Hua T, Liu Z, Yang G, Lerner RA. Functionality‐Independent DNA Encoding of Complex Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 200031 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Fengping Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Fei Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 200031 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Damiano Buratto
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 200031 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 200031 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Liu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of ChemistryScripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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953
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Ma P, Xu H, Li J, Lu F, Ma F, Wang S, Xiong H, Wang W, Buratto D, Zonta F, Wang N, Liu K, Hua T, Liu ZJ, Yang G, Lerner RA. Functionality-Independent DNA Encoding of Complex Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9254-9261. [PMID: 31020752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA encoded chemical libraries (DELs) link the powers of genetics and chemical synthesis via combinatorial optimization. Through combinatorial chemistry, DELs can grow to the unprecedented size of billions to trillions. To take full advantage of the DEL approach, linking the power of genetics directly to chemical structures would offer even greater diversity in a finite chemical world. Natural products have evolved an incredible structural diversity along with their biological evolution. Herein, we used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as examples in a late-stage modification toolbox approach to annotate these complex organic compounds with amplifiable DNA barcodes, which could be easily incorporated into a DEL. The method of end-products labeling also generates a cluster of isomers with a single DNA tag at different sites. These isomers provide an additional spatial diversity for multiple accessible pockets of targeted proteins. Notably, a novel PARP1 inhibitor from TCM has been identified from the natural products enriched DEL (nDEL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fengping Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Damiano Buratto
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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954
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Lange C, Lehmann C, Mahler M, Bednarski PJ. Comparison of Cellular Death Pathways after mTHPC-mediated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Five Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050702. [PMID: 31117328 PMCID: PMC6587334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising photosensitizers (PS) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the porphyrin derivative 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC, temoporfin), marketed in Europe under the trade name Foscan®. A set of five human cancer cell lines from head and neck and other PDT-relevant tissues was used to investigate oxidative stress and underlying cell death mechanisms of mTHPC-mediated PDT in vitro. Cells were treated with mTHPC in equitoxic concentrations and illuminated with light doses of 1.8-7.0 J/cm2 and harvested immediately, 6, 24, or 48 h post illumination for analyses. Our results confirm the induction of oxidative stress after mTHPC-based PDT by detecting a total loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increased formation of ROS. However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and loss of cell membrane integrity play only a minor role in cell death in most cell lines. Based on our results, apoptosis is the predominant death mechanism following mTHPC-mediated PDT. Autophagy can occur in parallel to apoptosis or the former can be dominant first, yet ultimately leading to autophagy-associated apoptosis. The death of the cells is in some cases accompanied by DNA fragmentation and a G2/M phase arrest. In general, the overall phototoxic effects and the concentrations as well as the time to establish these effects varies between cell lines, suggesting that the cancer cells are not all dying by one defined mechanism, but rather succumb to an individual interplay of different cell death mechanisms. Besides the evaluation of the underlying cell death mechanisms, we focused on the comparison of results in a set of five identically treated cell lines in this study. Although cells were treated under equitoxic conditions and PDT acts via a rather unspecific ROS formation, very heterogeneous results were obtained with different cell lines. This study shows that general conclusions after PDT in vitro require testing on several cell lines to be reliable, which has too often been ignored in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Christiane Lehmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Mahler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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955
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Campillo-Marcos I, Lazo PA. Olaparib and ionizing radiation trigger a cooperative DNA-damage repair response that is impaired by depletion of the VRK1 chromatin kinase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:203. [PMID: 31101118 PMCID: PMC6525392 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The VRK1 chromatin kinase regulates the organization of locally altered chromatin induced by DNA damage. The combination of ionizing radiation with inhibitors of DNA damage responses increases the accumulation of DNA damage in cancer cells, which facilitates their antitumor effect, a process regulated by VRK1. Methods Tumor cell lines with different genetic backgrounds were treated with olaparib to determine their effect on the activation of DNA repair pathways induced by ionizing radiation. The effect of combining olaparib with depletion of the chromatin kinase VRK1 was studied in the context of double-strand breaks repair pathway after treatment with ionizing radiation. The initiation and progression of DDR were studied by specific histone acetylation, as a marker of local chromatin relaxation, and formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. Results In this work, we have studied the effect that VRK1 by itself or in collaboration with olaparib, an inhibitor of PARP, has on the DNA oxidative damage induced by irradiation in order to identify its potential as a new drug target. The combination of olaparib and ionizing radiation increases DNA damage permitting a significant reduction of their respective doses to achieve a similar amount of DNA damage detected by γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. Different treatment combinations of olaparib and ionizing radiation permitted to reach the maximum level of DNA damage at lower doses of both treatments. Furthermore, we have studied the effect that depletion of the VRK1 chromatin kinase, a regulator of DDR, has on this response. VRK1 knockdown impaired all steps in the DDR induced by these treatments, which were detected by a reduction of sequential markers such as H4K16 ac, γH2AX, NBS1 and 53BP1. Moreover, this effect of VRK1 is independent of TP53 or ATM, two genes frequently mutated in cancer. Conclusion The protective DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation is impaired by the combination of olaparib with depletion of VRK1, and can be used to reduce doses of radiation and their associated toxicity. Proteins implicated in DNA damage responses are suitable targets for development of new therapeutic strategies and their combination can be an alternative form of synthetic lethality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1204-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Campillo-Marcos
- Experimental Therapeutics and Traslational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Experimental Therapeutics and Traslational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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956
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Wright RHG, Le Dily F, Beato M. ATP, Mg 2+, Nuclear Phase Separation, and Genome Accessibility. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:565-574. [PMID: 31072688 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Misregulation of the processes controlling eukaryotic gene expression can result in disease. Gene expression is influenced by the surrounding chromatin; hence the nuclear environment is also of vital importance. Recently, understanding of chromatin hierarchical folding has increased together with the discovery of membrane-less organelles which are distinct, dynamic liquid droplets that merge and expand within the nucleus. These 'sieve'-like regions may compartmentalize and separate functionally distinct regions of chromatin. This article aims to discuss recent studies on nuclear phase within the context of poly(ADP-ribose), ATP, and Mg2+ levels, and we propose a combinatorial complex role for these molecules in phase separation and genome regulation. We also discuss the implications of this process for gene regulation and discuss possible strategies to test this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni H G Wright
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francois Le Dily
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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957
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Caron P, Pankotai T, Wiegant WW, Tollenaere MAX, Furst A, Bonhomme C, Helfricht A, de Groot A, Pastink A, Vertegaal ACO, Luijsterburg MS, Soutoglou E, van Attikum H. WWP2 ubiquitylates RNA polymerase II for DNA-PK-dependent transcription arrest and repair at DNA breaks. Genes Dev 2019; 33:684-704. [PMID: 31048545 PMCID: PMC6546063 DOI: 10.1101/gad.321943.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, Caron et al. show that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 associates with components of the DNA-PK and RNAPII complexes and is recruited to DSBs at RNAPII transcribed genes. Their findings suggest that WWP2 operates in a DNA-PK-dependent shutoff circuitry for RNAPII clearance that promotes DSB repair by protecting the NHEJ machinery from collision with the transcription machinery. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribed genes lead to inhibition of transcription. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex plays a pivotal role in transcription inhibition at DSBs by stimulating proteasome-dependent eviction of RNAPII at these lesions. How DNA-PK triggers RNAPII eviction to inhibit transcription at DSBs remains unclear. Here we show that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 associates with components of the DNA-PK and RNAPII complexes and is recruited to DSBs at RNAPII transcribed genes. In response to DSBs, WWP2 targets the RNAPII subunit RPB1 for K48-linked ubiquitylation, thereby driving DNA-PK- and proteasome-dependent eviction of RNAPII. The lack of WWP2 or expression of nonubiquitylatable RPB1 abrogates the binding of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factors, including DNA-PK and XRCC4/DNA ligase IV, and impairs DSB repair. These findings suggest that WWP2 operates in a DNA-PK-dependent shutoff circuitry for RNAPII clearance that promotes DSB repair by protecting the NHEJ machinery from collision with the transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Caron
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wouter W Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim A X Tollenaere
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Furst
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Celine Bonhomme
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Angela Helfricht
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton de Groot
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Pastink
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Soutoglou
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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958
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Schlimpert M, Lagies S, Müller B, Budnyk V, Blanz KD, Walz G, Kammerer B. Metabolic perturbations caused by depletion of nephronophthisis factor Anks6 in mIMCD3 cells. Metabolomics 2019; 15:71. [PMID: 31041607 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an inherited form of cystic kidney disease with various extrarenal manifestations accounting for the largest amount of endstage renal disease in childhood. Patient mutations of Anks6 have also been found to cause NPH like phenotypes in animal models. However, little is known about functionality of Anks6. OBJECTIVES/METHODS We investigated the impact of Anks6 depletion on cellular metabolism of inner medullary collecting duct cells by GC-MS profiling and targeted LC-MS/MS analysis using two different shRNA cell lines for tetracycline-inducible Anks6 downregulation, namely mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 and mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i12. RESULTS In combination, we could successfully identify 158 metabolites of which 20 compounds showed similar alterations in both knockdown systems. Especially, large neutral amino acids, such as phenylalanine, where found to be significantly downregulated indicating disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Arginine, lysine and spermidine, which play an important role in cell survival and proliferation, were found to be downregulated. Accordingly, cell growth was diminished in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 knockdown cells. Deoxynucleosides were significantly downregulated in both knockdown systems. Hence, PARP1 levels were increased in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 cells, but not in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i12 cells. However, yH2AX was found to be increased in the latter. CONCLUSION In combination, we hypothesise that Anks6 affects DNA damage responses and proliferation and plays a crucial role in physiological amino acid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schlimpert
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vadym Budnyk
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kelly Daryll Blanz
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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959
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, United Kingdom
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960
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Zhang X, Yu J. Baicalin attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1208-1214. [PMID: 31021006 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin can lead to cochlear hair cells associated ototoxicity by inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, which can be alleviated by baicalin, one flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis. The role of baicalin in protecting gentamicin-induced hearing loss is unclear. Interference with oxidative stress was investigated in this study using House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti1 (HEI-OC1) cells, which were simultaneously treated with baicalin (0-400 μm) and gentamicin (0.2 or 1 mm). MTT was used to assay cell viability and apoptosis was detected with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. The production of reactive oxygen species was indicated by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity and mitochondrial depolarization was assayed by JC1-mitochondrial membrane potential assay. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-PARP expression were analyzed with western blot. Baicalin improved the viability of HEI-OC1 cells and significantly reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization compared with the gentamicin treatment group. Gentamicin treatment increased the activation of PARP and caspase-3, while such an increase could be downregulated by baicalin. Baicalin attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cells ototoxicity, and such inhibition may be mediated by the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase-3 and PARP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai YEDA Hospital, Shandong, China
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961
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Cohen-Armon M, Yeheskel A, Pascal JM. Signal-induced PARP1-Erk synergism mediates IEG expression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:8. [PMID: 30993015 PMCID: PMC6459926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently disclosed Erk-induced PARP1 activation mechanism mediates the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in response to a variety of extra- and intracellular signals implicated in memory acquisition, development and proliferation. Here, we review this mechanism, which is initiated by stimulation-induced binding of PARP1 to phosphorylated Erk translocated into the nucleus. This binding maintains long-lasting synergistic activity of these proteins, which offers a new pattern for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka Cohen-Armon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - John M. Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
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962
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Lodovichi S, Mercatanti A, Cervelli T, Galli A. Computational analysis of data from a genome-wide screening identifies new PARP1 functional interactors as potential therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2722-2737. [PMID: 31105872 PMCID: PMC6505629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of interaction network between different proteins can be a useful tool in cancer therapy. To develop new therapeutic treatments, understanding how these proteins contribute to dysregulated cellular pathways is an important task. PARP1 inhibitors are drugs used in cancer therapy, in particular where DNA repair is defective. It is crucial to find new candidate interactors of PARP1 as new therapeutic targets in order to increase efficacy of PARP1 inhibitors and expand their clinical utility. By a yeast-based genome wide screening, we previously discovered 90 candidate deletion genes that suppress growth-inhibition phenotype conferred by PARP1 in yeast. Here, we performed an integrated and computational analysis to deeply study these genes. First, we identified which pathways these genes are involved in and putative relations with PARP1 through g:Profiler. Then, we studied mutation pattern and their relation to cancer by interrogating COSMIC and DisGeNET database; finally, we evaluated expression and alteration in several cancers with cBioPortal, and the interaction network with GeneMANIA. We identified 12 genes belonging to PARP1-related pathways. We decided to further validate RIT1, INCENP and PSTA1 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. We found that RIT1 and INCENP affected PARylation and PARP1 protein level more significantly in PARP1 inhibited cells. Furthermore, downregulation of RIT1, INCENP and PSAT1 affected olaparib sensitivity of MCF7 cells. Our study identified candidate genes that could have an effect on PARP inhibition therapy. Moreover, we also confirm that yeast-based screenings could be very helpful to identify novel potential therapy factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy.,PhD Student in Clinical and Translational Science Program, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mercatanti
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
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963
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Structural analyses of NudT16-ADP-ribose complexes direct rational design of mutants with improved processing of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5940. [PMID: 30976021 PMCID: PMC6459841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs on chemically diverse amino acids, including aspartate, glutamate, lysine, arginine, serine and cysteine on proteins and is mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferases, including a subset commonly known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. ADP-ribose can be conjugated to proteins singly as a monomer or in polymeric chains as poly(ADP-ribose). While ADP-ribosylation can be reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases, this protein modification can also be processed to phosphoribosylation by enzymes possessing phosphodiesterase activity, such as snake venom phosphodiesterase, mammalian ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Escherichia coli RppH, Legionella pneumophila Sde and Homo sapiens NudT16 (HsNudT16). Our studies here sought to utilize X-ray crystallographic structures of HsNudT16 in complex with monomeric and dimeric ADP-ribose in identifying the active site for binding and processing free and protein-conjugated ADP-ribose into phosphoribose forms. These structural data guide rational design of mutants that widen the active site to better accommodate protein-conjugated ADP-ribose. We identified that several HsNudT16 mutants (Δ17, F36A, and F61S) have reduced activity for free ADP-ribose, similar processing ability against protein-conjugated mono(ADP-ribose), but improved catalytic efficiency for protein-conjugated poly(ADP-ribose). These HsNudT16 variants may, therefore, provide a novel tool to investigate different forms of ADP-ribose.
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964
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Chen SH, Yu X. Targeting dePARylation selectively suppresses DNA repair-defective and PARP inhibitor-resistant malignancies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4340. [PMID: 30989114 PMCID: PMC6457938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
While poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) plays an important role in DNA repair, the role of dePARylation in DNA repair remains elusive. Here, we report that a novel small molecule identified from the NCI database, COH34, specifically inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the major dePARylation enzyme, with nanomolar potency in vitro and in vivo. COH34 binds to the catalytic domain of PARG, thereby prolonging PARylation at DNA lesions and trapping DNA repair factors. This compound induces lethality in cancer cells with DNA repair defects and exhibits antitumor activity in xenograft mouse cancer models. Moreover, COH34 can sensitize tumor cells with DNA repair defects to other DNA-damaging agents, such as topoisomerase I inhibitors and DNA-alkylating agents, which are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Notably, COH34 also efficiently kills PARP inhibitor-resistant cancer cells. Together, our study reveals the molecular mechanism of PARG in DNA repair and provides an effective strategy for future cancer therapies.
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965
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Brachtendorf S, El-Hindi K, Grösch S. Ceramide synthases in cancer therapy and chemoresistance. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:160-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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966
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Rancourt A, Sato S, Satoh MS. Dose-dependent spatiotemporal responses of mammalian cells to an alkylating agent. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214512. [PMID: 30925183 PMCID: PMC6440626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured cell populations are composed of heterogeneous cells, and previous single-cell lineage tracking analysis of individual HeLa cells provided empirical evidence for significant heterogeneity of the rate of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Nevertheless, such cell lines have been used for investigations of cellular responses to various substances, resulting in incomplete characterizations. This problem caused by heterogeneity within cell lines could be overcome by investigating the spatiotemporal responses of individual cells to a substance. However, no approach to investigate the responses by analyzing spatiotemporal data is currently available. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal responses of individual HeLa cells to cytotoxic, sub-cytotoxic, and non-cytotoxic doses of the well-characterized carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Although cytotoxic doses of MNNG are known to induce cell death, the single-cell tracking approach revealed that cell death occurred following at least four different cellular events, suggesting that cell death is induced via multiple processes. We also found that HeLa cells exposed to a sub-cytotoxic dose of MNNG were in a state of equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death, with cell death again induced through different processes. However, exposure of cells to a non-cytotoxic dose of MNNG promoted growth by reducing the cell doubling time, thus promoting the growth of a sub-population of cells. A single-cell lineage tracking approach could dissect processes leading to cell death in a spatiotemporal manner and the results suggest that spatiotemporal data obtained by tracking individual cells can be used as a new type of bioinformatics data resource that enables the examination of cellular responses to various external substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rancourt
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, CHUQ, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, CHUQ, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, CHUQ, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masahiko S. Satoh
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, CHUQ, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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967
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Guo C, Wang L, Li X, Wang S, Yu X, Xu K, Zhao Y, Luo J, Li X, Jiang B, Shi D. Discovery of Novel Bromophenol-Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids as Potent Selective Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) for Use in Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3051-3067. [PMID: 30844273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a new potential target for anticancer drug discovery. A series of bromophenol-thiosemicarbazone hybrids as PARP-1 inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antitumor activities. Among them, the most promising compound, 11, showed excellent selective PARP-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 29.5 nM) over PARP-2 (IC50 > 1000 nM) and potent anticancer activities toward the SK-OV-3, Bel-7402 and HepG2 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.39, 5.45, and 4.60 μM), along with inhibition of tumor growth in an in vivo SK-OV-3 cell xenograft model. Further study demonstrated that compound 11 played an antitumor role through multiple anticancer mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, cellular accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, DNA repair alterations, inhibition of H2O2-triggered PARylation, antiproliferative effects via the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. In addition, compound 11 displayed good pharmacokinetic characteristics and favorable safety. These observations demonstrate that compound 11 may serve as a lead compound for the discovery of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Xiuxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Xuemin Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Qingdao 266000 , Shandong , China
| | - Kuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , Shandong , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
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968
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Pillay N, Tighe A, Nelson L, Littler S, Coulson-Gilmer C, Bah N, Golder A, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Morgan RD, Ogilvie DJ, Foijer F, Jackson DA, Taylor SS. DNA Replication Vulnerabilities Render Ovarian Cancer Cells Sensitive to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:519-533.e8. [PMID: 30889383 PMCID: PMC6428690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have demonstrated efficacy in women with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, only 15%-20% of ovarian cancers harbor BRCA mutations, therefore additional therapies are required. Here, we show that a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and ex vivo models derived from patient biopsies are sensitive to a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor. Sensitivity is due to underlying DNA replication vulnerabilities that cause persistent fork stalling and replication catastrophe. PARG inhibition is synthetic lethal with inhibition of DNA replication factors, allowing additional models to be sensitized by CHK1 inhibitors. Because PARG and PARP inhibitor sensitivity are mutually exclusive, our observations demonstrate that PARG inhibitors have therapeutic potential to complement PARP inhibitor strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Camilla Coulson-Gilmer
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anya Golder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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969
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Shen X, Gates KS. Enzyme-Activated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Heterocyclic N-Oxides under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions and Its Relevance to Hypoxia-Selective Prodrugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:348-361. [PMID: 30817135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic one-electron reduction of heterocyclic N-oxides can lead to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species via several different chemical pathways. These reactions may be relevant to hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agents, and unwanted toxicity of heterocylic nitrogen compounds.
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970
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Age-related gene and miRNA expression changes in airways of healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3765. [PMID: 30842487 PMCID: PMC6403379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on age-related miRNA changes in healthy individuals and their interaction with mRNAs is lacking. We studied age-related mRNA and miRNA expression changes and their interactions in normal airways. RNA and small RNA sequencing was performed on bronchial biopsies of 86 healthy individuals (age: 18–73) to determine age-related expression changes. Per age-related miRNA we determined the enrichment of age-related predicted targets and their correlation. We identified 285 age-related genes and 27 age-related miRNAs. Pathway enrichment showed that genes higher expressed with age were involved in synapse-related processes. Genes lower expressed with age were involved in cell cycle regulation, the immune system and DNA damage/repair. MiR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p and miR-142-5p were lower expressed with increasing age and we found a significant enrichment for predicted targets of these miRNAs among genes that were higher expressed with age. The expression levels of the enriched predicted targets RIMS2 and IGSF1 were negatively correlated with both miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p. RIMS2 was present in the enriched process, i.e. positive regulation of synaptic transmission. In conclusion, genes decreased with ageing are involved in several of the ageing hallmarks. Genes higher expressed with ageing were involved in synapse-related processes, of which RIMS2 is potentially regulated by two age-related miRNAs.
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971
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Gogola E, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J. Resistance to PARP Inhibitors: Lessons from Preclinical Models of BRCA-Associated Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:235-254. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently entered the clinic for the treatment of homologous recombination–deficient cancers. Despite the success of this approach, resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPis) is a clinical hurdle, and it is poorly understood how cancer cells escape the deadly effects of PARPis without restoring BRCA1/2 function. By synergizing the advantages of next-generation sequencing with functional genetic screens in tractable model systems, novel mechanisms providing useful insights into DNA damage response (DDR) have been identified. BRCA1/2 models not only are tools to explore therapy escape mechanisms but also yield basic knowledge about DDR pathways and PARPis’ mechanism of action. Moreover, alterations that render cells resistant to targeted therapies may cause new synthetic dependencies that can be exploited to combat resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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972
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Yamamoto M, Jin C, Hata T, Yasumizu Y, Zhang Y, Hong D, Maeda T, Miyo M, Hiraki M, Suzuki Y, Hinohara K, Rajabi H, Kufe D. MUC1-C Integrates Chromatin Remodeling and PARP1 Activity in the DNA Damage Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2031-2041. [PMID: 30824588 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic MUC1-C protein is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and contributes to their epigenetic reprogramming and chemoresistance. Here we show that targeting MUC1-C genetically or pharmacologically with the GO-203 inhibitor, which blocks MUC1-C nuclear localization, induced DNA double-strand breaks and potentiated cisplatin (CDDP)-induced DNA damage and death. MUC1-C regulated nuclear localization of the polycomb group proteins BMI1 and EZH2, which formed complexes with PARP1 during the DNA damage response. Targeting MUC1-C downregulated BMI1-induced H2A ubiquitylation, EZH2-driven H3K27 trimethylation, and activation of PARP1. As a result, treatment with GO-203 synergistically sensitized both mutant and wild-type BRCA1 TNBC cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. These findings uncover a role for MUC1-C in the regulation of PARP1 and identify a therapeutic strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors against TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that targeting MUC1-C disrupts epigenetics of the PARP1 complex, inhibits PARP1 activity, and is synergistic with olaparib in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deli Hong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masaaki Miyo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masayuki Hiraki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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973
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Liu J, Zheng B, Li Y, Yuan Y, Xing C. Genetic Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Pathways in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1417-1433. [PMID: 31031852 PMCID: PMC6485219 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair systems play a critical role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome, which mainly include base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR) and double-strand break repair (DSBR). The polymorphisms in different DNA repair genes that are mainly represented by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can potentially modulate the individual DNA repair capacity and therefore exert an impact on individual genetic susceptibility to cancer. Sporadic colorectal cancer arises from the colorectum without known contribution from germline causes or significant family history of cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. In recent years, emerging studies have investigated the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair system genes and sporadic CRC. Here, we review recent insights into the polymorphisms of DNA repair pathway genes, not only individual gene polymorphism but also gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
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974
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ and NADP+ are important cosubstrates in redox reactions and participate in regulatory networks operating in adjustment of metabolic pathways. Moreover, NAD+ is a cosubstrate in post-translational modification of proteins and is involved in DNA repair. NADPH is indispensable for reductive syntheses and the redox chemistry involved in attaining and maintaining correct protein conformation. Recent Advances: Within a couple of decades, a wealth of information has been gathered on NAD(H)+/NADP(H) redox imaging, regulatory role of redox potential in assembly of spatial protein structures, and the role of ADP-ribosylation of regulatory proteins affecting both gene expression and metabolism. All these have a bearing also on disease, healthy aging, and longevity. CRITICAL ISSUES Knowledge of the signal propagation pathways of NAD+-dependent post-translational modifications is still fragmentary for explaining the mechanism of cellular stress effects and nutritional state on these actions. Evaluation of the cosubstrate and regulator roles of NAD(H) and NADP(H) still suffers from some controversies in experimental data. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Activating or inhibiting interventions in NAD+-dependent protein modifications for medical purposes has shown promise, but restraining tumor growth by inhibiting DNA repair in tumors by means of interference in sirtuins is still in the early stage. The same is true for the use of this technology in improving health and healthy aging. New genetically encoded specific NAD and NADP probes are expected to modernize the research on redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmo E Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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975
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Sengar A, Vandana J, Chambers VS, Di Antonio M, Winnerdy F, Balasubramanian S, Phan AT. Structure of a (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex in the PARP1 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1564-1572. [PMID: 30551210 PMCID: PMC6379715 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its key role in DNA repair processes. Inhibition of PARP1 in BRCA-mutated cancers has been observed to be clinically beneficial. Recent genome-mapping experiments have identified a non-canonical G-quadruplex-forming sequence containing bulges within the PARP1 promoter. Structural features, like bulges, provide opportunities for selective chemical targeting of the non-canonical G-quadruplex structure within the PARP1 promoter, which could serve as an alternative therapeutic approach for the regulation of PARP1 expression. Here we report the G-quadruplex structure formed by a 23-nucleotide G-rich sequence in the PARP1 promoter. Our study revealed a three-layered intramolecular (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex scaffold, in which three strands are oriented in one direction and the fourth in the opposite direction. This structure exhibits unique structural features such as an adenine bulge and a G·G·T base triple capping structure formed between the central edgewise loop, propeller loop and 5' flanking terminal. Given the highly important role of PARP1 in DNA repair and cancer intervention, this structure presents an attractive opportunity to explore the therapeutic potential of PARP1 inhibition via G-quadruplex DNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sengar
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - J Jeya Vandana
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Vicki S Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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976
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Wang F, Zhu S, Fisher LA, Wang L, Eurek NJ, Wahl JK, Lan L, Peng A. Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit Mediates Recruitment and Function of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 in DNA Repair. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2526-2535. [PMID: 30733193 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PARP, particularly PARP1, plays an essential role in the detection and repair of DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks. PARP1 accumulates at DNA damage sites within seconds after DNA damage to catalyze the massive induction of substrate protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment and activation of PARP1 in DNA repair are not fully understood. Here we show that phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit 1 (PNUTS) is a robust binding partner of PARP1. Inhibition of PNUTS led to strong accumulation of endogenous DNA damage and sensitized the cellular response to a wide range of DNA-damaging agents, implicating PNUTS as an essential and multifaceted regulator of DNA repair. Recruitment of PNUTS to laser-induced DNA damage was similar to that of PARP1, and depletion or inhibition of PARP1 abrogated recruitment of PNUTS to sites of DNA damage. Conversely, PNUTS was required for efficient induction of substrate PARylation after DNA damage. PNUTS bound the BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domain of PARP1 and was required for the recruitment of PARP1 to sites of DNA damage. Finally, depletion of PNUTS rendered cancer cells hypersensitive to PARP inhibition. Taken together, our study characterizes PNUTS as an essential partner of PARP1 in DNA repair and a potential drug target in cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal PNUTS as an essential functional partner of PARP1 in DNA repair and suggest its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in conjunction with DNA-damaging agents or PARP inhibitors.See related commentary by Murai and Pommier, p. 2460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Songli Zhu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Laura A Fisher
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas J Eurek
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska.
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977
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Diastereomeric Recognition of 5',8-cyclo-2'-Deoxyadenosine Lesions by Human Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 in a Biomimetic Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020116. [PMID: 30717407 PMCID: PMC6406461 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5’,8-Cyclo-2’-deoxyadenosine (cdA), in the 5’R and 5’Sdiastereomeric forms, are typical non strand-break oxidative DNA lesions, induced by hydroxyl radicals, with emerging importance as a molecular marker. These lesions are exclusively repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism with a low efficiency, thus readily accumulating in the genome. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) acts as an early responder to DNA damage and plays a key role as a nick sensor in the maintenance of the integrity of the genome by recognizing nicked DNA. So far, it was unknown whether the two diastereomeric cdA lesions could induce specific PARP1 binding. Here, we provide the first evidence of PARP1 to selectively recognize the diastereomeric lesions of 5’S-cdA and 5’R-cdA in vitro as compared to deoxyadenosine in model DNA substrates (23-mers) by using circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, immunoblotting analysis, and gel mobility shift assay. Several features of the recognition of the damaged and undamaged oligonucleotides by PARP1 were characterized. Remarkably, PARP1 exhibits different affinities in binding to a double strand (ds) oligonucleotide, which incorporates cdA lesions in R and S diastereomeric form. In particular, PARP1 proved to bind oligonucleotides, including a 5’S-cdA, with a higher affinity constant for the 5’S lesion in a model of ds DNA than 5’R-cdA, showing different recognition patterns, also compared with undamaged dA. This new finding highlights the ability of PARP1 to recognize and differentiate the distorted DNA backbone in a biomimetic system caused by different diastereomeric forms of a cdA lesion.
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978
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ADP-ribosylation and intracellular traffic: an emerging role for PARP enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:357-370. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractADP-ribosylation is an ancient and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, in which the ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD+ to target proteins by members of poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) family. The 17 members of this family have been involved in a variety of cellular functions, where their regulatory roles are exerted through the modification of specific substrates, whose identification is crucial to fully define the contribution of this PTM. Evidence of the role of the PARPs is now available both in the context of physiological processes and of cell responses to stress or starvation. An emerging role of the PARPs is their control of intracellular transport, as it is the case for tankyrases/PARP5 and PARP12. Here, we discuss the evidence pointing at this novel aspect of PARPs-dependent cell regulation.
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979
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Nölting S, Grossman A, Pacak K. Metastatic Phaeochromocytoma: Spinning Towards More Promising Treatment Options. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 127:117-128. [PMID: 30235495 PMCID: PMC7443617 DOI: 10.1055/a-0715-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare tumours arising from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (PCC) or the paraganglia located outside the adrenal gland (PGL). However, their incidence is likely to be underestimated; around 10% of all PCC/PGL are metastatic, with higher metastatic potential of PGLs compared to PCCs. If benign, surgery is the treatment of choice, but if metastatic, therapy is challenging. Here we review the currently existing therapy options for metastatic PCCs/PGLs including conventional chemotherapy (the original Averbuch scheme, but updated), radiopharmaceutical treatments (131I-MIBG, 90Y- and 177Lu-DOTATATE) and novel targeted therapies (anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibitors), emphasising future therapeutic approaches (HIF-2α and PARP inhibitors, temozolomide alone, metronomic temozolomide, somatostatin analogues) based on the oncogenic signalling pathways related to three different clusters comprising more than 20 well-characterised PCC/PGL susceptibility genes. We suggest that targeted combination therapies including repurposed agents may offer more effective future options worthy of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nölting
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the GastroEntero-Pancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, Royal Free Hospital ENETS Centre of Excellence, London, and Barts and the London Scool of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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980
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Altered sirtuins 1 and 2 expression in the brain of rats induced by experimental diabetes and the ways of its correction. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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981
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Kunze FA, Bauer M, Komuczki J, Lanzinger M, Gunasekera K, Hopp AK, Lehmann M, Becher B, Müller A, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 in Myeloid Cells Controls the IL-12/18-IFN-γ Axis in a Model of Sterile Sepsis, Chronic Bacterial Infection, and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1406-1416. [PMID: 30674576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient for ADP-ribosyltransferase diphteria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) are protected against microbially induced inflammation. To address the contribution of ARTD1 to inflammation specifically in myeloid cells, we generated an Artd1ΔMyel mouse strain with conditional ARTD1 deficiency in myeloid lineages and examined the strain in three disease models. We found that ARTD1, but not its enzymatic activity, enhanced the transcriptional activation of distinct LPS-induced genes that included IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6 in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-induced IL-12/18-IFN-γ signaling in Artd1ΔMyel mice. The loss of Artd1 in myeloid cells also reduced the TH1 response to Helicobacter pylori and impaired immune control of the bacteria. Furthermore, Artd1ΔMyel mice failed to control tumor growth in a s.c. MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced TH1 and CD8 responses. Together, these data provide strong evidence for a cell-intrinsic role of ARTD1 in myeloid cells that is independent of its enzymatic activity and promotes type I immunity by promoting IL-12/18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich A Kunze
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Komuczki
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Margit Lanzinger
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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982
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Regulating Immunity via ADP-Ribosylation: Therapeutic Implications and Beyond. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:159-173. [PMID: 30658897 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Upon binding, PAMPs/DAMPs can initiate an immune response by activating lymphocytes, amplifying and modulating signaling cascades, and inducing appropriate effector responses. Protein ADP-ribosylation can regulate cell death, the release of DAMPs, as well as inflammatory cytokine expression. Inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation (i.e. PARP inhibitors) have been developed as therapeutic agents (in cancer), and are also able to dampen inflammation. We summarize here our most recent understanding of how ADP-ribosylation can regulate the different phases of an immune response. Moreover, we examine the potential clinical translation of pharmacological ADP-ribosylation inhibitors as putative treatment strategies for various inflammation-associated diseases (e.g. sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and reperfusion injury).
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983
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Zhang S, Pei Y, Lang F, Sun K, Singh RK, Lamplugh ZL, Saha A, Robertson ES. EBNA3C facilitates RASSF1A downregulation through ubiquitin-mediated degradation and promoter hypermethylation to drive B-cell proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007514. [PMID: 30615685 PMCID: PMC6336319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV latent antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is essential for EBV-induced primary B-cell transformation. Infection by EBV induces hypermethylation of a number of tumor suppressor genes, which contributes to the development of human cancers. The Ras association domain family isoform 1A (RASSF1A) is a cellular tumor suppressor, which regulates a broad range of cellular functions, including apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, mitotic arrest, and migration. However, the expression of RASSF1A is lost in many human cancers by epigenetic silencing. In the present study, we showed that EBNA3C promoted B-cell transformation by specifically suppressing the expression of RASSF1A. EBNA3C directly interacted with RASSF1A and induced RASSF1A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway. SCFSkp2, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, was recruited by EBNA3C to enhance RASSF1A degradation. Moreover, EBNA3C decreased the transcriptional activity of RASSF1A promoter by enhancing its methylation through EBNA3C-mediated modulation of DNMTs expression. EBNA3C also inhibited RASSF1A-mediated cell apoptosis, disrupted RASSF1A-mediated microtubule and chromosomal stability, and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E expression. Our data provides new details, which sheds light on additional mechanisms by which EBNA3C can induce B-cell transformation. This will also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches through targeting of the RASSF1A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yonggang Pei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fengchao Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zachary L. Lamplugh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abhik Saha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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984
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Li S, Li R, Ma Y, Zhang C, Huang T, Zhu S. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with mitoxantrone treatment prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1987-2000. [PMID: 30592148 PMCID: PMC6378179 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global physiological function of specifically expressed genes of mitoxantrone (MTX)‐resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. In this study, gene expression pattern from microarray data was investigated for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MTX‐resistant PCa xenografts. Human PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3 were cultured in vitro and xenografted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, treated with MTX intragastrically, three times a week until all mice relapsed. Gene expression profiles of the xenografts from castrated mice were performed with Affymetrix human whole genomic oligonucleotide microarray. The Cytoscape software was used to investigate the relationship between proteins and the signalling transduction network. A total of 355 overlapping genes were differentially expressed in MTX‐resistant DU145R and PC3R xenografts. Of these, 16 genes were selected to be validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in these xenografts, and further tested in a set of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded and optimal cutting temperature (OCT) clinical tumour samples. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to cellular activity, androgen synthesis, DNA damage and repair, also involved in the ERK/MAPK, PI3K/serine‐threonine protein kinase, also known as protein kinase B, PKB (AKT) and apoptosis signalling pathways. This exploratory analysis provides information about potential candidate genes and may bring new insights into the molecular cascade involvement in MTX‐resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanqiang Li
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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985
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Beggs R, Yang ES. Targeting DNA repair in precision medicine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 115:135-155. [PMID: 30798930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is an emerging treatment paradigm that aims to find the right therapy at the right time based on an individual's unique genetic background, environment, and lifestyle. One area of precision medicine that has had success is targeting DNA repair in cancer. DNA is exposed to constant stress and there are repair mechanisms in place to maintain genetic integrity. These repair mechanisms can be targeted as a treatment strategy. In this chapter, we will focus on current efforts to target DNA repair pathways as part of precision oncology-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Beggs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States; Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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986
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Faraoni I, Graziani G. Role of BRCA Mutations in Cancer Treatment with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E487. [PMID: 30518089 PMCID: PMC6316750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity induces synthetic lethality in mutated BRCA1/2 cancers by selectively targeting tumor cells that fail to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Clinical studies have confirmed the validity of the synthetic lethality approach and four different PARP inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib) have been approved as monotherapies for BRCA-mutated or platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and/or for BRCA-mutated HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. PARPi therapeutic efficacy is higher against tumors harboring deleterious germline or somatic BRCA mutations than in BRCA wild-type tumors. BRCA mutations or intrinsic tumor sensitivity to platinum compounds are both regarded as indicators of deficiency in DSB repair by homologous recombination as well as of favorable response to PARPi. However, not all BRCA-mutated or platinum-responsive patients obtain clinical benefit from these agents. Conversely, a certain percentage of patients with wild-type BRCA or platinum-resistant tumors can still get benefit from PARPi. Thus, additional reliable markers need to be validated in clinical trials to select patients potentially eligible for PARPi-based therapies, in the absence of deleterious BRCA mutations or platinum sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action of PARPi and the clinical evidence supporting their use as anticancer drugs as well as the additional synthetic lethal partners that might confer sensitivity to PARPi in patients with wild-type BRCA tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Faraoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rom, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rom, Italy.
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987
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Shen J, Zhao W, Ju Z, Wang L, Peng Y, Labrie M, Yap TA, Mills GB, Peng G. PARPi Triggers the STING-Dependent Immune Response and Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Independent of BRCAness. Cancer Res 2018; 79:311-319. [PMID: 30482774 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy against BRCA1/2-mutant cancers through a synthetic lethal interaction. PARPi exert their therapeutic effects mainly through the blockade of ssDNA damage repair, which leads to the accumulation of toxic DNA double-strand breaks specifically in cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency (BCRAness), including those harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. Here we show that PARPi-mediated modulation of the immune response contributes to their therapeutic effects independently of BRCA1/2 mutations. PARPi promoted accumulation of cytosolic DNA fragments because of unresolved DNA lesions, which in turn activated the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway and stimulated production of type I IFNs to induce antitumor immunity independent of BRCAness. These effects of PARPi were further enhanced by immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, these results provide a mechanistic rationale for using PARPi as immunomodulatory agents to harness the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. SIGNIFICANCE: This work uncovers the mechanism behind the clinical efficacy of PARPi in patients with both BRCA-wild-type and BRCA-mutant tumors and provides a rationale for combining PARPi with immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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988
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Langelier MF, Eisemann T, Riccio AA, Pascal JM. PARP family enzymes: regulation and catalysis of the poly(ADP-ribose) posttranslational modification. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 53:187-198. [PMID: 30481609 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) is a posttranslational modification and signaling molecule that regulates many aspects of human cell biology, and it is synthesized by enzymes known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, or PARPs. A diverse collection of domain structures dictates the different cellular roles of PARP enzymes and regulates the production of poly(ADP-ribose). Here we primarily review recent structural insights into the regulation and catalysis of two family members: PARP-1 and Tankyrase. PARP-1 has multiple roles in the cellular response to DNA damage and the regulation of gene transcription, and Tankyrase regulates a diverse set of target proteins involved in cellular processes such as mitosis, genome integrity, and cell signaling. Both enzymes offer interesting modes of regulating the production and the target site selectivity of the poly(ADP-ribose) modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Travis Eisemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amanda A Riccio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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989
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Mei Y, Liu YB, Hu DL, Zhou HH. Effect of RIF1 on response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy by regulating MYC signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1859-1872. [PMID: 30443189 PMCID: PMC6231216 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is used as first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no effective indicator to predict whether the patient would be chemo-resistant or sensitive to the therapy. In addition, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. RIF1 plays important roles in DNA replication regulation and DNA repair pathway. However, the role of RIF1 in NSCLC progression and chemotherapy response is still unknown. In this study, we found that RIF1 expression was correlated with the response of NSCLC patients to platinum-based chemotherapy (n=89, P=0.002). Among patients who have been treated with platinum chemo-therapy, those with high levels of RIF1 expression had significantly shorter survival than those with low RIF1 expression (P<0.05). RIF1 knockdown increased sensitivity to cisplatin in NSCLC patients both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RIF1 knockdown induced G0/G1 phase arrest and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. Further investigation showed that RIF1 regulated the expression of MYC and MYC downstream targets, including the cell cycle and double-stranded break (DSB) repair genes which might mediate the effect of RIF1 on cellular response to cisplatin. Overexpression of MYC could reverse the inhibition of MYC targets by RIF1 knockdown. Taken together, these data revealed that RIF1 played an important role in regulating MYC and MYC-activated genes, which in turn contributes to cellular response to cisplatin and NSCLC patients' response to platinum-based chemotherapy. RIF1 might serve as a novel biomarker for predicting platinum-based chemo-sensitivity and the prognosis of NSCLC patients, so as to guide the chemotherapy regimen adjustment for individual patient with NSCLC and improve their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Li Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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990
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Romeo M, Pardo JC, Martínez-Cardús A, Martínez-Balibrea E, Quiroga V, Martínez-Román S, Solé F, Margelí M, Mesía R. Translational Research Opportunities Regarding Homologous Recombination in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103249. [PMID: 30347758 PMCID: PMC6214122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA repair pathway that is deficient in 50% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC). Deficient HR (DHR) constitutes a therapeutic opportunity for these patients, thanks to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib are already commercialized). Although initially, PARPi were developed for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, robust clinical data have shown their benefit in a broader population without DHR. This breakthrough in daily practice has raised several questions that necessitate further research: How can populations that will most benefit from PARPi be selected? At which stage of ovarian cancer should PARPi be used? Which strategies are reasonable to overcome PARPi resistance? In this paper, we present a summary of the literature and discuss the present clinical research involving PARPi (after reviewing ClinicalTrials.gov) from a translational perspective. Research into the functional biomarkers of DHR and clinical trials testing PARPi benefits as first-line setting or rechallenge are currently ongoing. Additionally, in the clinical setting, only secondary restoring mutations of BRCA1/2 have been identified as events inducing resistance to PARPi. The clinical frequency of this and other mechanisms that have been described in preclinics is unknown. It is of great importance to study mechanisms of resistance to PARPi to guide the clinical development of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Romeo
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Campus de la UAB, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Pardo
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Anna Martínez-Cardús
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP), B-ARGO Group, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Eva Martínez-Balibrea
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Program for Predictive and Personalized Cancer Medicine (PMPPC), Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujo (IGTP), Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Quiroga
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Sergio Martínez-Román
- Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Solé
- Institut de Recerca contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Margelí
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
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991
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Fakouri NB, Hou Y, Demarest TG, Christiansen LS, Okur MN, Mohanty JG, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Toward understanding genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction and aging. FEBS J 2018; 286:1058-1073. [PMID: 30238623 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biology of aging is an area of intense research, and many questions remain about how and why cell and organismal functions decline over time. In mammalian cells, genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be among the primary drivers of cellular aging. This review focuses on the interrelationship between genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction in mammalian cells and its relevance to age-related functional decline at the molecular and cellular level. The importance of oxidative stress and key DNA damage response pathways in cellular aging is discussed, with a special focus on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, whose persistent activation depletes cellular energy reserves, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of energy homeostasis, and altered cellular metabolism. Elucidation of the relationship between genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the signaling pathways that connect these pathways/processes are keys to the future of research on human aging. An important component of mitochondrial health preservation is mitophagy, and this and other areas that are particularly ripe for future investigation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima B Fakouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler G Demarest
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise S Christiansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mustafa N Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy G Mohanty
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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992
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Boetefuer EL, Lake RJ, Dreval K, Fan HY. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) promotes oxidative stress-induced association of Cockayne syndrome group B protein with chromatin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17863-17874. [PMID: 30266807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that relieves oxidative stress by regulating DNA repair and transcription. CSB is proposed to participate in base-excision repair (BER), the primary pathway for repairing oxidative DNA damage, but exactly how CSB participates in this process is unknown. It is also unclear whether CSB contributes to other repair pathways during oxidative stress. Here, using a patient-derived CS1AN-sv cell line, we examined how CSB is targeted to chromatin in response to menadione-induced oxidative stress, both globally and locus-specifically. We found that menadione-induced, global CSB-chromatin association does not require CSB's ATPase activity and is, therefore, mechanistically distinct from UV-induced CSB-chromatin association. Importantly, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) enhanced the kinetics of global menadione-induced CSB-chromatin association. We found that the major BER enzymes, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1), do not influence this association. Additionally, the level of γ-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX), a marker for dsDNA breaks, was not increased in menadione-treated cells. Therefore, our results support a model whereby PARP1 localizes to ssDNA breaks and recruits CSB to participate in DNA repair. Furthermore, this global CSB-chromatin association occurred independently of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription elongation. However, unlike global CSB-chromatin association, both PARP1 knockdown and inhibition of transcription elongation interfered with menadione-induced CSB recruitment to specific genomic regions. This observation supports the hypothesis that CSB is also targeted to specific genomic loci to participate in transcriptional regulation in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Boetefuer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Program in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Genomics, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robert J Lake
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Program in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Genomics, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Kostiantyn Dreval
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Program in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Genomics, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Hua-Ying Fan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Program in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Genomics, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.
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993
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Hsu PC, Gopinath RK, Hsueh YA, Shieh SY. CHK2-mediated regulation of PARP1 in oxidative DNA damage response. Oncogene 2018; 38:1166-1182. [PMID: 30254210 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a DNA damage sensor, which upon activation, recruits downstream proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). However, it remains largely unclear how PARP1 activity is regulated. Interestingly, the data obtained through this study revealed that PARP1 was co-immunoprecipitated with checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), and the interaction was increased after oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, CHK2 depletion resulted in a reduction in overall PARylation. To further explore the functional relationship between PARP1 and CHK2, this study employed H2O2 to induce an oxidative DNA damage response in cells. Here, we showed that CHK2 and PARP1 interact in vitro and in vivo through the CHK2 SCD domain and the PARP1 BRCT domain. Furthermore, CHK2 stimulates the PARylation activity of PARP1 through CHK2-dependent phosphorylation. Consequently, the impaired repair associated with PARP1 depletion could be rescued by re-expression of wild-type PARP1 and the phospho-mimic but not the phospho-deficient mutant. Mechanistically, we showed that CHK2-dependent phosphorylation of PARP1 not only regulates its cellular localization but also promotes its catalytic activity and its interaction with XRCC1. These findings indicate that CHK2 exerts a multifaceted impact on PARP1 in response to oxidative stress to facilitate DNA repair and to maintain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-An Hsueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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994
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Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations, are early and essential events in the formation of many tumors. Previous studies that defined the genetic requirements for rearrangement formation have identified differences between murine and human cells, most notably in the role of classic and alternative nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) factors. We reported that poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 3 (PARP3) promotes chromosomal rearrangements induced by endonucleases in multiple human cell types. We show here that in contrast to classic (c-NHEJ) factors, Parp3 also promotes rearrangements in murine cells, including translocations in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs), class-switch recombination in primary B cells, and inversions in tail fibroblasts that generate Eml4-Alk fusions. In mESCs, Parp3-deficient cells had shorter deletion lengths at translocation junctions. This was corroborated using next-generation sequencing of Eml4-Alk junctions in tail fibroblasts and is consistent with a role for Parp3 in promoting the processing of DNA double-strand breaks. We confirmed a previous report that Parp1 also promotes rearrangement formation. In contrast with Parp3, rearrangement junctions in the absence of Parp1 had longer deletion lengths, suggesting that Parp1 may suppress double-strand break processing. Together, these data indicate that Parp3 and Parp1 promote rearrangements with distinct phenotypes.
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995
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Mouly L, Mamouni K, Gence R, Cristini A, Cherier J, Castinel A, Legrand M, Favre G, Sordet O, Monferran S. PARP-1-dependent RND1 transcription induced by topoisomerase I cleavage complexes confers cellular resistance to camptothecin. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:931. [PMID: 30209297 PMCID: PMC6135836 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RHO GTPases regulate essential functions such as the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. The classic members cycle between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound conformation whereas atypical members are predominantly GTP-bound. Besides their well-established role, the classic RHO GTPases RHOB and RAC1, are rapidly induced and/or activated by genotoxic stress and contribute to the DNA damage response. Here we used camptothecin, a selective topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor that stabilizes TOP1 cleavage complexes (TOP1cc), to search for other potential early DNA damage-inducible RHO GTPase genes. We identified that an atypical RHO GTPase, RND1, is rapidly induced by camptothecin. RND1 induction is closely associated with the presence of TOP1cc induced by camptothecin or by DNA lesions that elevate TOP1cc levels such as UV and hydrogen peroxide. We further demonstrated that camptothecin increases RND1 gene transcription and mRNA stability. Camptothecin also increases poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity, whose inhibition reduces RND1 transcription. In addition, overexpression of RND1 increases PARP-1, suggesting a cross-talk between PARP-1 and RND1. Finally, RND1 protects cells against camptothecin-induced apoptosis, and hence favors cellular resistance to camptothecin. Together, these findings highlight RND1 as an atypical RHO GTPase early induced by TOP1cc, and show that the TOP1cc-PARP-1-RND1 pathway protects cells against apoptosis induced by camptothecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mouly
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kenza Mamouni
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Gence
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnese Cristini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Cherier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien Castinel
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Legrand
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Sordet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sylvie Monferran
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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996
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DNA methylation dynamics in aging: how far are we from understanding the mechanisms? Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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997
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Gorgoulis VG, Pefani D, Pateras IS, Trougakos IP. Integrating the DNA damage and protein stress responses during cancer development and treatment. J Pathol 2018; 246:12-40. [PMID: 29756349 PMCID: PMC6120562 DOI: 10.1002/path.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a wide spectrum of stress response modules to ensure homeostasis. The genome and proteome damage response pathways constitute the pillars of this interwoven 'defensive' network. Consequently, the deregulation of these pathways correlates with ageing and various pathophysiological states, including cancer. In the present review, we highlight: (1) the structure of the genome and proteome damage response pathways; (2) their functional crosstalk; and (3) the conditions under which they predispose to cancer. Within this context, we emphasize the role of oncogene-induced DNA damage as a driving force that shapes the cellular landscape for the emergence of the various hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss potential means to exploit key cancer-related alterations of the genome and proteome damage response pathways in order to develop novel efficient therapeutic modalities. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Dafni‐Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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998
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes are broadly involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. PARP-1 is the chief human PARP enzyme involved in the DNA damage response, acting as a first responder that detects DNA strand breaks, and contributes to repair pathway choice and the efficiency of repair through modulation of chromatin structure and through interaction with and modification of a multitude of DNA repair factors. This perspective summarizes our knowledge of PARP-1 involvement in DNA repair pathways, and highlights recent structural and functional data regarding the activation of PARP-1 upon detecting DNA damage, and the release and trapping of PARP-1 at sites of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pascal
- Université de Montréal, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Roger-Gaudry Pavillon, D-347, Montréal, Qc H3T 1J4 Canada.
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999
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Hossain MA, Lin Y, Yan S. Single-Strand Break End Resection in Genome Integrity: Mechanism and Regulation by APE2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082389. [PMID: 30110897 PMCID: PMC6122073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) occur more than 10,000 times per mammalian cell each day, representing the most common type of DNA damage. Unrepaired SSBs compromise DNA replication and transcription programs, leading to genome instability. Unrepaired SSBs are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Although canonical SSB repair pathway is activated to repair most SSBs, it remains unclear whether and how unrepaired SSBs are sensed and signaled. In this review, we propose a new concept of SSB end resection for genome integrity. We propose a four-step mechanism of SSB end resection: SSB end sensing and processing, as well as initiation, continuation, and termination of SSB end resection. We also compare different mechanisms of SSB end resection and DSB end resection in DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. We further discuss how SSB end resection contributes to SSB signaling and repair. We focus on the mechanism and regulation by APE2 in SSB end resection in genome integrity. Finally, we identify areas of future study that may help us gain further mechanistic insight into the process of SSB end resection. Overall, this review provides the first comprehensive perspective on SSB end resection in genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Akram Hossain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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1000
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Chen Q, Kassab MA, Dantzer F, Yu X. PARP2 mediates branched poly ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3233. [PMID: 30104678 PMCID: PMC6089979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a posttranslational modification involved in multiple biological processes, including DNA damage repair. This modification is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. PARylation is composed of both linear and branched polymers of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). However, the biochemical mechanism of polymerization and biological functions of branched PAR chains are elusive. Here we show that PARP2 is preferentially activated by PAR and subsequently catalyzes branched PAR chain synthesis. Notably, the direct binding to PAR by the N-terminus of PARP2 promotes the enzymatic activity of PARP2 toward the branched PAR chain synthesis. Moreover, the PBZ domain of APLF recognizes the branched PAR chain and regulates chromatin remodeling to DNA damage response. This unique feature of PAR-dependent PARP2 activation and subsequent PARylation mediates the participation of PARP2 in DNA damage repair. Thus, our results reveal an important molecular mechanism of branched PAR synthesis and a key biological function of branched PARylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, CNRS/Strasbourg University, BP10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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