1001
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Wang X, Wu Z, Zhu X, Ye C, Jiang F, Zhang W. A Pd(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Preparation of Aryl-Fused Six-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles with 2-Acetoxy Functionality. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1002
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Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed asymmetric alkene 1,2-dioxygenation reaction is described. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is controlled by tethering a chiral oxime ether directing group to the alkene substrate. The best selectivities are obtained with 8-substituted menthone-derived oxime ether auxiliaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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1003
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Kashiwame Y, Kuwata S, Ikariya T. Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroamination with a Bifunctional Iridium Pyrazolato Complex: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Elucidation. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om301063n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kashiwame
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo
152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo
152-8552, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo
152-8552, Japan
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1004
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Clavier H, Pellissier H. Recent Developments in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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1005
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Ferguson J, Zeng F, Alper H. Synthesis of Coumarins via Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclocarbonylation of 2-Vinylphenols. Org Lett 2012; 14:5602-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302725x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Ferguson
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Fanlong Zeng
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Howard Alper
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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1006
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Weinstein AB, Stahl SS. Reconciling the stereochemical course of nucleopalladation with the development of enantioselective wacker-type cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11505-9. [PMID: 23074039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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1007
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Weinstein AB, Stahl SS. Reconciling the Stereochemical Course of Nucleopalladation with the Development of Enantioselective Wacker-Type Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1008
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Broggini G, Beccalli EM, Fasana A, Gazzola S. Palladium-catalyzed dual C-H or N-H functionalization of unfunctionalized indole derivatives with alkenes and arenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1730-46. [PMID: 23209507 PMCID: PMC3511007 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the development of palladium-catalyzed C-H and N-H functionalization reactions involving indole derivatives. These procedures require unactivated starting materials and are respectful of the basic principle of sustainable chemistry tied to atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Egle M Beccalli
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini” Università di Milano Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Fasana
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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1009
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Joosten A, Persson AKÅ, Millet R, Johnson MT, Bäckvall JE. Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of allylic tosylcarbamates: scope, derivatization, and mechanistic aspects. Chemistry 2012; 18:15151-7. [PMID: 23033176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective oxidative palladium(II)-catalyzed (Wacker-type) cyclization of readily available allylic tosylcarbamates is reported. This operationally simple catalytic reaction furnishes tosyl-protected vinyl-oxazolidinones, common precursors to syn-1,2-amino alcohols, in high yield and excellent diasteroselectivity (>20:1). It is demonstrated that both stoichiometric amounts of benzoquinone (BQ) as well as aerobic reoxidation (molecular oxygen) is suitable for this transformation. The title reaction is shown to proceed through overall trans-amidopalladation of the olefin followed by β-hydride elimination. This process is scalable and the products are suitable for a range of subsequent transformations such as: kinetic resolution (KR) and oxidative Heck-, Wacker-, and metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Joosten
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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1010
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Zhao G, Wang B, Yang W, Ren H. Lewis-Acid-Promoted Arylation Reaction: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives from Aryltriazenes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1011
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Wolfe JP. Intramolecular Alkoxycyanation and Alkoxyacylation Reactions: New Types of Alkene Difunctionalizations for the Construction of Oxygen Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10224-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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1012
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Wolfe JP. Intramolekulare Alkoxycyanierungen und Alkoxyacylierungen: Neue Alkendifunktionalisierungen für den Aufbau von Sauerstoffheterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1013
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Yang G, Shen C, Zhang W. An Asymmetric Aerobic Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Isoindolinones Bearing Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1014
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Yang G, Shen C, Zhang W. An Asymmetric Aerobic Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Isoindolinones Bearing Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9141-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1015
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Alkyne and Alkene Insertion into Metal–Heteroatom and Metal–Hydrogen Bonds: The Key Stages of Hydrofunctionalization Process. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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1016
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Jana R, Pathak TP, Jensen KH, Sigman MS. Palladium(II)-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives. Org Lett 2012; 14:4074-7. [PMID: 22873944 DOI: 10.1021/ol3016989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives is described. Initial intramolecular nucleopalladation of the tethered protected amine forms the pyrrolidine moiety and a quinone methide intermediate. A second nucleophile adds intermolecularly to afford diverse products in high enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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1017
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Zhao Q, Hu Q, Wen L, Wu M, Hu Y. Fused Benzo[b]fluorenols: Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydroaromatization and Carbonyl Reduction. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1018
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Miller Y, Miao L, Hosseini AS, Chemler SR. Copper-catalyzed intramolecular alkene carboetherification: synthesis of fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofurans. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12149-56. [PMID: 22720755 PMCID: PMC3430129 DOI: 10.1021/ja3034075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofuran scaffolds are found in a number of natural products and biologically active compounds. A new copper-catalyzed intramolecular carboetherification of alkenes for the synthesis of bicyclic tetrahydrofurans is reported herein. The reaction involves Cu-catalyzed intramolecular addition of alcohols to unactivated alkenes and subsequent aryl C-H functionalization provides the C-C bond. Mechanistic studies indicate a primary carbon radical intermediate is involved and radical addition to the aryl ring is the likely C-C bond-forming mechanism. Preliminary catalytic enantioselective reactions are promising (up to 75% ee) and provide evidence that copper is involved in the alkene addition step, likely through a cis-oxycupration mechanism. Catalytic enantioselective alkene carboetherification reactions are rare and future development of this new method into a highly enantioselective process is promising. During the course of the mechanistic studies a protocol for alkene hydroetherification was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Azade S. Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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1019
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Sigman MS, Werner EW. Imparting catalyst control upon classical palladium-catalyzed alkenyl C-H bond functionalization reactions. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:874-84. [PMID: 22111756 DOI: 10.1021/ar200236v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional group transformations carried out by the palladium-catalyzed Wacker and Heck reactions are radically different, but they are both alkenyl C-H bond functionalization reactions that have found extensive use in organic synthesis. The synthetic community depends heavily on these important reactions, but selectivity issues arising from control by the substrate, rather than control by the catalyst, have prevented the realization of their full potential. Because of important similarities in the respective selectivity-determining nucleopalladation and β-hydride elimination steps of these processes, we posit that the mechanistic insight garnered through the development of one of these catalytic reactions may be applied to the other. In this Account, we detail our efforts to develop catalyst-controlled variants of both the Wacker oxidation and the Heck reaction to address synthetic limitations and provide mechanistic insight into the underlying organometallic processes of these reactions. In contrast to previous reports, we discovered that electrophilic palladium catalysts with noncoordinating counterions allowed for the use of a Lewis basic ligand to efficiently promote tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP)-mediated Wacker oxidation reactions of styrenes. This discovery led to the mechanistically guided development of a Wacker reaction catalyzed by a palladium complex with a bidentate ligand. This ligation may prohibit coordination of allylic heteroatoms, thereby allowing for the application of the Wacker oxidation to substrates that were poorly behaved under classical conditions. Likewise, we unexpectedly discovered that electrophilic Pd-σ-alkyl intermediates are capable of distinguishing between electronically inequivalent C-H bonds during β-hydride elimination. As a result, we have developed E-styrenyl selective oxidative Heck reactions of previously unsuccessful electronically nonbiased alkene substrates using arylboronic acid derivatives. The mechanistic insight gained from the development of this chemistry allowed for the rational design of a similarly E-styrenyl selective classical Heck reaction using aryldiazonium salts and a broad range of alkene substrates. The key mechanistic findings from the development of these reactions provide new insight into how to predictably impart catalyst control in organometallic processes that would otherwise afford complex product mixtures. Given our new understanding, we are optimistic that reactions that introduce increased complexity relative to simple classical processes may now be developed based on our ability to predict the selectivity-determining nucleopalladation and β-hydride elimination steps through catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erik W. Werner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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1020
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Abstract
The 1,2-diamine moiety is a ubiquitous structural motif present in a wealth of natural products, including non-proteinogenic amino acids and numerous alkaloids, as well as in pharmaceutical agents, chiral ligands and organic reagents. The biological activity associated with many of these systems and their chemical utility in general has ensured that the development of methods for their preparation is of critical importance. While a wide range of strategies for the preparation of 1,2-diamines have been established, the diamination of alkenes offers a particularly direct and efficient means of accessing these systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all methods of direct alkene diamination, metal-mediated or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam de Jong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nosal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Duncan J. Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
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1021
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Palladium-katalysierte vicinale Difunktionalisierung von internen Alkenen zur diastereoselektiven Diaminsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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1022
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Martínez C, Muñiz K. Palladium-Catalyzed Vicinal Difunctionalization of Internal Alkenes: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Diamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7031-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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1023
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Alam R, Pilarski LT, Pershagen E, Szabó KJ. Stereoselective Intermolecular Allylic C–H Trifluoroacetoxylation of Functionalized Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8778-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302457p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rauful Alam
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukasz T. Pilarski
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Pershagen
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kálmán J. Szabó
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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1024
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Belov GM, Belov DS, Kurkin AV, Yurovskaya MA. Palladium-catalyzed carboamination in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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1025
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Miyoshi Y, Akatsuka T, Okuoka SI, Tsukajima A, Makino M, Saito M, Yonehara K. Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Intermolecular Cyclization of Acrylic Acid with 1-Octene to Afford α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactones: The Remarkable Effect of Continuous Water Removal from the Reaction Mixture and Analysis of the Reaction by Kinetic, ESI-MS, and X. Chemistry 2012; 18:7941-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1026
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Malkov AV, Barłóg M, Miller-Potucká L, Kabeshov MA, Farrugia LJ, Kočovský P. Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Homoallylic Alcohols: A Convenient Synthesis of Di- and Trisubstituted Isoxazolidines and β-Amino-δ-Hydroxy Esters. Chemistry 2012; 18:6873-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1027
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Yao B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Alkynes under Aerobic Oxidative Conditions: Catalytic Turnover of an Iodide Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5170-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1028
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Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Alkynes under Aerobic Oxidative Conditions: Catalytic Turnover of an Iodide Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1029
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Yao B, Jaccoud C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Synergistic Effect of Palladium and Copper Catalysts: Catalytic Cyclizative Dimerization of ortho-(1-Alkynyl)benzamides Leading to Axially Chiral 1,3-Butadienes. Chemistry 2012; 18:5864-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1030
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Kovács G, Stirling A, Lledós A, Ujaque G. The nature of [PdCl(2)(C(2)H(4))(H(2)O)] as an active species in the Wacker process: new insights from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chemistry 2012; 18:5612-9. [PMID: 22461021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
First-principles molecular dynamics coupled with metadynamics have been used to gain a deeper insight into the reaction mechanism of the Wacker process by determining the nature of the active species. An explicit and dynamic representation of the aqueous solvent, which was essential for modeling this reaction, was efficiently included into the simulations. Prompted by our earlier results, which showed that the configuration of the catalytically active species [PdCl(2)(H(2)O)(C(2)H(4))] was crucial in the subsequent steps of the Wacker process, herein we focused on the preceding equilibria that led to the formation of both the cis and trans isomers. Starting from the initial catalyst, [PdCl(4)](2-), the free-energy barriers for the forward and backward reactions were calculated. These results confirmed the relevance of the trans intermediate in the reaction mechanism, whilst conversely, they showed that the cis configuration played no role in it. This sole participation of the trans intermediate has some very important implications; besides the mechanistic interpretation of the initial steps in the Wacker reaction mechanism, the analysis of these equilibria provides additional information about the chemical nature of these ligand-substitution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kovács
- Unitat de Química Física, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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1031
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Fang Z, Fu C, Ma S. Controlled Reactions of 2,3-Allenoates with a 1,3-Diketone Catalyst Effect. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1032
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Lu Z, Stahl SS. Intramolecular Pd(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of alkenes: synthesis of six-membered N-heterocycles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1234-7. [PMID: 22356620 PMCID: PMC3298079 DOI: 10.1021/ol300030w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Use of a base-free Pd(DMSO)(2)(TFA)(2) catalyst system enables the synthesis of six-membered nitrogen heterocycles via a Wacker-type aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes bearing tethered sulfonamides. Various heterocycles, including morpholines, piperidines, piperazines, and piperazinones, are accessible by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1101 University Ave. Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1101 University Ave. Madison, WI 53706
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1033
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Redford JE, McDonald RI, Rigsby ML, Wiensch JD, Stahl SS. Stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines via Wacker-type aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tert-butanesulfinamide nucleophiles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1242-5. [PMID: 22352383 DOI: 10.1021/ol3000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tethered tert-butanesulfinamides furnishes enantiopure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines, originating from readily available and easily diversified starting materials. These reactions are the first reported examples of metal-catalyzed addition of sulfinamide nucleophiles to alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Redford
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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1034
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Zhu R, Buchwald SL. Combined oxypalladation/C-H functionalization: palladium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative oxyarylation of hydroxyalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1926-9. [PMID: 22237989 PMCID: PMC3347770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA), Fax: (+) 617-253-3297
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA), Fax: (+) 617-253-3297
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1035
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Petersen TP, Polyzos A, O'Brien M, Ulven T, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. The oxygen-mediated synthesis of 1,3-butadiynes in continuous flow: using Teflon AF-2400 to effect gas/liquid contact. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:274-277. [PMID: 21948655 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trine P Petersen
- Whiffen Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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1036
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Cannon JS, Olson AC, Overman LE, Solomon NS. Palladium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 2-vinyl oxygen heterocycles. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1961-73. [PMID: 22316285 DOI: 10.1021/jo202553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Vinylchromanes (1), 2-vinyl-1,4-benzodioxanes (2), and 2,3-dihydro-2-vinyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazines (3) can be prepared in high yields (90-98%) and excellent enantiomeric purities (87-98% ee) by [COP-OAc](2)-catalyzed cyclization of phenolic (E)-allylic trichloroacetimidate precursors. Deuterium-labeling and computational experiments are consistent with these cyclization reactions taking place by an anti-oxypalladation/syn-deoxypalladation mechanism. 2-Vinylchromanes can also be prepared in good yields and high enantiomeric purities from analogous (E)-allylic acetate precursors, which constitutes the first report that acetate is a competent leaving group in COP-catalyzed enantioselective S(N)2' substitution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Cannon
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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1037
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Tsai FY, Ma HW, Huang SL, Lin YC, Wang Y, Liu YH. Cyclization of Aromatic Propargyl Alcohol with a Thiophene Group Yielding Naphthothiophene Aldehyde Induced by a Ruthenium Complex. Chemistry 2012; 18:3399-407. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1038
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Cannon JS, Frederich JH, Overman LE. Palladacyclic imidazoline-naphthalene complexes: synthesis and catalytic performance in Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective reactions of allylic trichloroacetimidates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1939-51. [PMID: 22288535 DOI: 10.1021/jo2025724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new family of air- and moisture-stable enantiopure C,N-palladacycles (PIN-acac complexes) were prepared in good overall yield in three steps from 2-iodo-1-naphthoic acid and enantiopure β-amino alcohols. Three of these PIN complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. As anticipated, the naphthalene and imidazoline rings of PIN-acac complexes 18a and 18b were canted significantly from planarity and projected the imidazoline substituents R(1) and R(2) on opposite faces of the palladium square plane. Fifteen PIN complexes were evaluated as catalysts for the rearrangement of prochiral (E)-allylic trichloroacetimidate 19 (eq 2) and the S(N)2' allylic substitution of acetic acid with prochiral (Z)-allylic trichloroacetimidate 23. Although these complexes were kinetically poor catalysts for the Overman rearrangement, they were good catalysts for the allylic substitution reaction, providing branched allylic esters in high yield. However, enantioselectivities were low to moderate and significantly less than that realized with palladacyclic complexes of the COP family. Computational studies support an anti-acetoxypalladation/syn-deoxypalladation mechanism analogous to that observed with COP catalysts. The computational study further suggests that optimizing steric influence in the vicinity of the carbon ligand of a chiral C,N-palladacycle, rather than near the nitrogen heterocycle, is the direction to pursue in future development of improved enantioselective catalysts of this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Cannon
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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1039
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Ashikari Y, Nokami T, Yoshida JI. Oxidative hydroxylation mediated by alkoxysulfonium ions. Org Lett 2012; 14:938-41. [PMID: 22273445 DOI: 10.1021/ol203467v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative hydroxylation of toluene derivatives via alkoxysulfonium ion intermediates was achieved by integration of anodic oxidation and hydrolysis to give benzyl alcohols which are also susceptible to oxidation. Alkenes were also oxidized to give 1,2-diols without overoxidation. The integration of electrochemical oxidative cyclization and hydrolysis was achieved using alkenes bearing a nitrogen atom in an appropriate position to give cyclic β-amino-substituted alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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1040
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Wu XF, Neumann H, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Dimerization of Styrenes to 1,5-Diarylpent-1-en-3-ones. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1199-202. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1041
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Tiwari B, Zhang J, Chi YR. Facile Access to Chiral Ketones through Metal-Free Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage of Aldehydes by O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1911-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1042
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Tiwari B, Zhang J, Chi YR. Facile Access to Chiral Ketones through Metal-Free Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage of Aldehydes by O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1043
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Schultz DM, Wolfe JP. Recent Developments in Pd-Catalyzed Alkene Aminoarylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2012; 44:351-361. [PMID: 23243321 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This short review describes new developments in Pd-catalyzed aminoarylation reactions between aryl halides and alkenes bearing pendant nitrogen nucleophiles. These transformations provide a novel and powerful method for accessing numerous 3-, 5-, 6-, and 7-membered nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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1044
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Zhao P, Chen D, Song G, Han K, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization–Oxidative Olefination of tert-Butyl 2-Alkynylbenozates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1579-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202228k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Keli Han
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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1045
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Broggini G, Barbera V, Beccalli EM, Borsini E, Galli S, Lanza G, Zecchi G. Palladium(II)/Copper Halide/Solvent Combination for Selective Intramolecular Domino Reactions of Indolecarboxylic Acid Allylamides: An Unprecedented Arylation/Esterification Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini” Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Borsini
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini” Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
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1046
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Zhu R, Buchwald SL. Combined Oxypalladation/CH Functionalization: Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Oxyarylation of Hydroxyalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1047
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Shi Z, Zhang C, Tang C, Jiao N. Recent advances in transition-metal catalyzed reactions using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3381-430. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1033] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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1048
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Wendlandt AE, Stahl SS. Copper(ii)-mediated oxidative cyclization of enamides to oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3866-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1049
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Li X, Huang L, Chen H, Wu W, Huang H, Jiang H. Copper-catalyzed oxidative [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition: regioselective synthesis of 1,3-oxazoles from internal alkynes and nitriles. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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1050
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Berry JF. The role of three-center/four-electron bonds in superelectrophilic dirhodium carbene and nitrene catalytic intermediates. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:700-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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