1001
|
Shanmugam NP, Al-Lawati T, Kelgeri C, Rela M, Koca T, Dereci S, Karahan N, Akcam M, Revanna KG, Chandran S, Saiprasad, Kasaragod A. Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Indian Pediatr 2016; 53:67-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-016-0795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
1002
|
Farmers' Exposure to Pesticides: Toxicity Types and Ways of Prevention. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4010001. [PMID: 29051407 PMCID: PMC5606636 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control harmful pests and prevent crop yield losses or product damage. Because of high biological activity and, in certain cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides may cause undesirable effects to human health and to the environment. Farmers are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides, usually much greater than those of consumers. Farmers’ exposure mainly occurs during the preparation and application of the pesticide spray solutions and during the cleaning-up of spraying equipment. Farmers who mix, load, and spray pesticides can be exposed to these chemicals due to spills and splashes, direct spray contact as a result of faulty or missing protective equipment, or even drift. However, farmers can be also exposed to pesticides even when performing activities not directly related to pesticide use. Farmers who perform manual labor in areas treated with pesticides can face major exposure from direct spray, drift from neighboring fields, or by contact with pesticide residues on the crop or soil. This kind of exposure is often underestimated. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Dermal exposure during usual pesticide handling takes place in body areas that remain uncovered by protective clothing, such as the face and the hands. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and through the correct use of the appropriate type of personal protective equipment in all stages of pesticide handling.
Collapse
|
1003
|
Kong Y, Kang J, Chen Z, Shen J, Zhao G, Fan L, Wu X. Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides from typical water sources in YiXing City, Taihu Upper-River Basin, East China. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report on the occurrence of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in YiXing, Taihu Upper-River Basin, East China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Jing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Ge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Leitao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| |
Collapse
|
1004
|
Kawde AN, Baig N, Sajid M. Graphite pencil electrodes as electrochemical sensors for environmental analysis: a review of features, developments, and applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite pencil electrodes (GPEs) are carbon-based electrodes that are recognized by their low cost, simplicity, commercial availability, ease of modification and disposability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
1005
|
LAWER EA, DARKOH EL. Effects of agroecosystems on insect and insectivorous bat activity:a preliminary finding based on light trap and mist net captures. TURK J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1507-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
1006
|
Wołejko E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P, Jankowska M, Piekut J. The influence of effective microorganisms (EM) and yeast on the degradation of strobilurins and carboxamides in leafy vegetables monitored by LC-MS/MS and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:64. [PMID: 26718945 PMCID: PMC4696979 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of strobilurin and carbocyamides commonly used in chemical protection of lettuce depending on carefully selected effective microorganisms (EM) and yeast (Y). Additionally, the assessment of the chronic health risk during a 2-week experiment was performed. The statistical method for correlation of physico-chemical parameters and time of degradation for pesticides was applied. In this study, the concentration of azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and iprodione using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the matrix of lettuce plants was performed, and there was no case of concentration above maximum residues levels. Before harvest, four fungicides and their mixture with EM (1 % and 10 %) and/or yeast 5 % were applied. In our work, the mixtures of 1%EM + Y and 10%EM + Y both stimulated and inhibited the degradation of the tested active substances. Adding 10%EM to the test substances strongly inhibited the degradation of iprodione, and its concentration decreased by 30 %, and in the case of other test substances, the degradation was approximately 60 %. Moreover, the addition of yeast stimulated the distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalid in lettuce leaves. The risk assessment for the pesticides ranged from 0.4 to 64.8 % on day 1, but after 14 days, it ranged from 0.0 to 20.9 % for children and adults, respectively. It indicated no risk of adverse effects following exposure to individual pesticides and their mixtures with EM and yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wołejko
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Str. 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Chełmońskiego Str. 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Chełmońskiego Str. 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Chełmońskiego Str. 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Piekut
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Str. 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
1007
|
Lozowicka B, Jankowska M, Hrynko I, Kaczynski P. Removal of 16 pesticide residues from strawberries by washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:51. [PMID: 26694708 PMCID: PMC4688301 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling on 16 pesticide (ten fungicides and six insecticides) residue levels in raw strawberries were investigated at different processing times (1, 2 and 5 min). An analysis of these pesticides was conducted using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection (GC-NPD/ECD). The processing factor (PF) for each pesticide in each processing technique was determined. Washing with ozonated water was demonstrated to be more effective (reduction from 36.1 to 75.1 %) than washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %). Boiling decreased the residues of the most compounds, with reductions ranging from 42.8 to 92.9 %. Ultrasonic cleaning lowered residues for all analysed pesticides with removal of up to 91.2 %. The data indicated that ultrasonic cleaning and boiling were the most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberries, resulting in a lower health risk exposure. Calculated PFs for alpha-cypermethrin were used to perform an acute risk assessment of dietary exposure. To investigate the relationship between the levels of 16 pesticides in strawberry samples and their physicochemical properties, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Lozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczynski
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
1008
|
Pesticide application among farmers in the catchment of Ashaiman irrigation scheme of Ghana: health implications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:547272. [PMID: 26798369 PMCID: PMC4698959 DOI: 10.1155/2015/547272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide use in modern day agriculture has increased tremendously. Pesticides are used to control pests and weeds, as well as protect crops from postharvest losses; however, their effects on humans and the environment cannot be overstated. This study examined pesticide acquisition, handling, and use among 120 farmers within the catchment of a small urban irrigation scheme. Also, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among selected farmers through which further data was collected to augment that of the survey. Twelve types of pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, were found in use in the study areas. Three main sources of information about pesticides were identified, 43.3% from extension officers, 39.2% from agrochemical dealers, and 10% from colleague farmers. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the respondents purchased the pesticides from agrochemical shops. Out of 74 farmers who were observed spraying pesticides on their farms, only 25.7% wore dresses that covered their whole body but without goggles. About sixty-seven percent (66.7%) of the farmers whose chemical got finished left the containers on their farms or threw them into the bushes around. The frequency of application was influenced by affordability and size of farm, among others. The study recommended that training of farmers on pesticide handling and use should be intensified.
Collapse
|
1009
|
Lee SM, Radhakrishnan R, Kang SM, Kim JH, Lee IY, Moon BK, Yoon BW, Lee IJ. Phytotoxic mechanisms of bur cucumber seed extracts on lettuce with special reference to analysis of chloroplast proteins, phytohormones, and nutritional elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:230-7. [PMID: 26277540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioherbicides from plant extracts are an effective and environmentally friendly method to prevent weed growth. The present investigation was aimed at determining the inhibitory effect of bur cucumber seed extracts (BSE) on lettuce plant growth. Bur cucumber seeds were ground with water, and two different concentrations of seed extracts (10% and 20%) were prepared and applied to lettuce plants. Decreased plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, anProd. Type: FTPd leaf area were found in lettuce exposed to BSE as compared with controls. A significant reduction in lettuce biomass was observed in 20% BSE-treated plants due to the presence of higher amounts of phenolic content in the extracts. Moreover, a significant inhibitory chemical, 2-linoleoyl glycerol, was identified in BSE extracts. The mechanism of plant growth inhibition was assayed in lettuce proteins by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and the LC-MS/MS method. In total, 57 protein spots were detected in plants treated with 20% BSE and control plants. Among these, 39 proteins were down-regulated and 18 proteins were up-regulated in plants exposed to 20% BSE as compared with controls. The presence of low levels of chlorophyll a/b binding protein and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 in BSE-exposed plants reduced photosynthetic pigment synthesis and might be a reason for stunted plant growth. Indeed, the plant-growth stimulating hormone gibberellin was inhibited, and synthesis of stress hormones such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid were triggered in lettuce by the effects of BSE. Uptake of essential nutrients, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, S, and Mo, was deficient and accumulation of the toxic ions Cu, Zn, and Na was higher in BSE-treated plants. The results of this study suggest that extracts of bur cucumber seeds can be an effective eco-friendly bioherbicide for weed control that work by inhibiting mechanisms of photosynthesis and regulating phytohormones and nutritional elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Min Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyo Kim
- Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Yong Lee
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agicultural Science, RDA, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Moon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yoon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
1010
|
Molecular characterization and periplasmic expression of the nlp gene of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus UTMC 2101 in Escherichia coli. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
1011
|
|
1012
|
Jariyal M, Gupta VK, Jindal V, Mandal K. Isolation and evaluation of potent Pseudomonas species for bioremediation of phorate in amended soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:24-30. [PMID: 26186726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Use of phorate as a broad spectrum pesticide in agricultural crops is finding disfavor due to persistence of both the principal compound as well as its toxic residues in soil. Three phorate utilizing bacterial species (Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 4.3, Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 5.1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 5.2) were isolated from field soils. Comparative phorate degradation analysis of these species in liquid cultures identified Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 5.1 to cause complete metabolization of phorate during seven days as compared to the other two species in 13 days. In soils amended with phorate at different levels (100, 200, 300 mg kg(-1) soil), Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 5.1 resulted in active metabolization of phorate by between 94.66% and 95.62% establishing the same to be a potent bacterium for significantly relieving soil from phorate residues. Metabolization of phorate to these phorate residues did not follow the first order kinetics. This study proves that Pseudomonas sp. strain Imbl 5.1 has huge potential for active bioremediation of phorate both in liquid cultures and agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monu Jariyal
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - V K Gupta
- Insect Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Jindal
- Insect Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
1013
|
Saw-sedge Cladium mariscus as a functional low-cost adsorbent for effective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous systems. ADSORPTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-015-9708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
1014
|
Basant N, Gupta S, Singh KP. Predicting aquatic toxicities of chemical pesticides in multiple test species using nonlinear QSTR modeling approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:246-255. [PMID: 26142614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established nonlinear quantitative-structure toxicity relationship (QSTR) models for predicting the toxicities of chemical pesticides in multiple aquatic test species following the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The decision tree forest (DTF) and decision tree boost (DTB) based QSTR models were constructed using a pesticides toxicity dataset in Selenastrum capricornutum and a set of six descriptors. Other six toxicity data sets were used for external validation of the constructed QSTRs. Global QSTR models were also constructed using the combined dataset of all the seven species. The diversity in chemical structures and nonlinearity in the data were evaluated. Model validation was performed deriving several statistical coefficients for the test data and the prediction and generalization abilities of the QSTRs were evaluated. Both the QSTR models identified WPSA1 (weighted charged partial positive surface area) as the most influential descriptor. The DTF and DTB QSTRs performed relatively better than the single decision tree (SDT) and support vector machines (SVM) models used as a benchmark here and yielded R(2) of 0.886 and 0.964 between the measured and predicted toxicity values in the complete dataset (S. capricornutum). The QSTR models applied to six other aquatic species toxicity data yielded R(2) of >0.92 (DTF) and >0.97 (DTB), respectively. The prediction accuracies of the global models were comparable with those of the S. capricornutum models. The results suggest for the appropriateness of the developed QSTR models to reliably predict the aquatic toxicity of chemicals and can be used for regulatory purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Basant
- Kan Ban Systems Pvt. Ltd., Laxmi Nagar, Delhi 110092, India.
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Environmental Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
| | - Kunwar P Singh
- Environmental Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
1015
|
Sajid M, Kawde AN, Daud M. Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: A literature review. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
1016
|
Aşır S, Derazshamshir A, Yılmaz F, Denizli A. Triazine herbicide imprinted monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2888-95. [PMID: 26250449 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trietazine was selectively separated from aqueous solution containing the competitor molecule cyanazine, which is similar in size and shape to the template molecule. Structural features of the molecularly imprinted column were figured out by SEM. The influence of the mobile-phase composition, applied electrical field, and pH of the mobile phase on the recognition of trietazine by the imprinted monolithic polymer has been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the trietazine-imprinted monolithic polymer was demonstrated by an imprinting factor. The optimized monolithic column resulted in separation of trietazine from a structurally related competitor molecule, cyanazine. In addition, fast separation was obtained within 6 min by applying higher electrical field, with the electrophoretic mobility of 2.97 × 10(-8) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) at pH 11.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Aşır
- Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Yılmaz
- Chemistry Technology Division, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
1017
|
Guedes RNC, Smagghe G, Stark JD, Desneux N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 61:43-62. [PMID: 26473315 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
More than six decades after the onset of wide-scale commercial use of synthetic pesticides and more than fifty years after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, pesticides, particularly insecticides, arguably remain the most influential pest management tool around the globe. Nevertheless, pesticide use is still a controversial issue and is at the regulatory forefront in most countries. The older generation of insecticide groups has been largely replaced by a plethora of novel molecules that exhibit improved human and environmental safety profiles. However, the use of such compounds is guided by their short-term efficacy; the indirect and subtler effects on their target species, namely arthropod pest species, have been neglected. Curiously, comprehensive risk assessments have increasingly explored effects on nontarget species, contrasting with the majority of efforts focused on the target arthropod pest species. The present review mitigates this shortcoming by hierarchically exploring within an ecotoxicology framework applied to integrated pest management the myriad effects of insecticide use on arthropod pest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R N C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - G Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - J D Stark
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371-4900;
| | - N Desneux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
| |
Collapse
|
1018
|
Ferland S, Côté J, Ratelle M, Thuot R, Bouchard M. Detailed Urinary Excretion Time Courses of Biomarkers of Exposure to Permethrin and Estimated Exposure in Workers of a Corn Production Farm in Quebec, Canada. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 59:1152-67. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
1019
|
Production of Limonoids with Insect Antifeedant Activity in a Two-Stage Bioreactor Process with Cell Suspension Culture of Azadirachta indica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:334-45. [PMID: 26234433 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) cell suspension culture is an alternative for the production of limonoids for insect control that overcomes limitations related to the supply of neem seeds. To establish conditions for cell growth and azadiracthin-related limonoid production, the effect of different sucrose concentrations, nitrate and phosphate in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and the addition of one precursor and three elicitors was evaluated in shake flasks. The process was scaled up to a 3-l stirred tank bioreactor in one- and two-stage batch cultivation. In shake flasks, more than fivefold increase in the production of limonoids with the modified MS medium was observed (increase from 0.77 to 4.52 mg limonoids/g dry cell weight, DCW), while an increase of more than fourfold was achieved by adding the elicitors chitosan, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid together (increase from 1.03 to 4.32 mg limonoids/g DCW). In the bioreactor, the volumetric production of limonoids was increased more than threefold with a two-stage culture in day 18 (13.82 mg limonoids/l in control single-stage process and 41.44 mg/l in two-stage process). The cultivation and operating mode of the bioreactor reported in this study may be adapted and used in optimization and process plant development for production of insect antifeedant limonoids with A. indica cell suspension cultures.
Collapse
|
1020
|
Yang LL, Yang X, Li GB, Fan KG, Yin PF, Chen XG. An integrated molecular docking and rescoring method for predicting the sensitivity spectrum of various serine hydrolases to organophosphorus pesticides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 96:2184-92. [PMID: 26172068 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Kai-Ge Fan
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Peng-Fei Yin
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Xiang-Gui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Xihua University; Sichuan 610039 China
| |
Collapse
|
1021
|
Kumar P, Kim KH, Deep A. Recent advancements in sensing techniques based on functional materials for organophosphate pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:469-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
1022
|
Senthilkumaran B. Pesticide- and sex steroid analogue-induced endocrine disruption differentially targets hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system during gametogenesis in teleosts - A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:136-42. [PMID: 25637674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide-induced endocrine disruption often mimics sex steroidal action resulting in physiological functional disarray of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal (HHG) system at multiple levels. Among various group of pesticides, organochlorine and organophosphate family of pesticides are known to impart sex steroidal mimicking activity with slightly higher resemblance to estrogens when compared to androgenic action. This review will highlight the effects of organochlorine (for e.g. endosulfan) and organophosphate (for e.g. malathion) pesticides in comparison with sex-steroid analogue-induced changes on HHG axis during gametogenesis in few teleost fish models. Interestingly, the effects of these compounds have produced differential effects in juveniles and adults which also vary based on exposure dosage and duration. Further, the treatments had caused at times sexually dimorphic effects indicating that the action of these compounds bring out serious implications in sexual development. A comprehensive overview has been provided by considering all these aspects to recognize the adverse impacts of pesticide-induced endocrine disruption with special reference to endosulfan and malathion as those had been applied even today or used before for controlling agricultural pests in several Asian countries including India. This review also compares the effects of sex-steroid analogues where in sex reversal to reproductive dysfunction is evident, which may imply the extent of sexual plasticity in teleosts compared to other vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
1023
|
Basant N, Gupta S, Singh KP. Predicting Toxicities of Diverse Chemical Pesticides in Multiple Avian Species Using Tree-Based QSAR Approaches for Regulatory Purposes. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Basant
- Kan Ban Systems
Pvt. Ltd., Laxmi Nagar, Delhi 110092, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Environmental
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - Kunwar P. Singh
- Environmental
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
1024
|
Transcriptome Analysis of the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Its Response to β-Sitosterol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794718. [PMID: 26078964 PMCID: PMC4442410 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a worldwide polyphagous agricultural pest that has the title of resistance champion among arthropods. We reported previously the identification of the acaricidal compound β-sitosterol from Mentha piperita and Inula japonica. However, the acaricidal mechanism of β-sitosterol is unclear. Due to the limited genetic research carried out, we de novo assembled the transcriptome of T. cinnabarinus using Illumina sequencing and conducted a differential expression analysis of control and β-sitosterol-treated mites. In total, we obtained >5.4 G high-quality bases for each sample with unprecedented sequencing depth and assembled them into 22,941 unigenes. We identified 617 xenobiotic metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification, binding, and transporting of xenobiotics. A highly expanded xenobiotic metabolic system was found in mites. T. cinnabarinus detoxification genes-including carboxyl/cholinesterase and ABC transporter class C-were upregulated after β-sitosterol treatment. Defense-related proteins, such as Toll-like receptor, legumain, and serine proteases, were also activated. Furthermore, other important genes-such as the chloride channel protein, cytochrome b, carboxypeptidase, peritrophic membrane chitin binding protein, and calphostin-may also play important roles in mites' response to β-sitosterol. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput-omics tool facilitates identification of xenobiotic metabolism-related genes and illustration of the acaricidal mechanisms of β-sitosterol.
Collapse
|
1025
|
Zhang S, Tang W, Jiang L, Hou Y, Yang F, Chen W, Li X. Elicitor activity of algino-oligosaccharide and its potential application in protection of rice plant (Oryza salivaL.) againstMagnaporthe grisea. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1039943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
1026
|
Anbumani S, Mohankumar MN. Cytogenotoxicity assessment of monocrotophos and butachlor at single and combined chronic exposures in the fish Catla catla (Hamilton). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4964-4976. [PMID: 25378033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenotoxic effects in the form of micronuclei and deformed nucleus, nuclear buds, binucleated cells, vacuolated nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm, echinocytes, and enucleus induced by two compounds belonging to two different chemical classes of agrochemicals (monocrotophos and butachlor) at sublethal concentrations (0.625, 1.3, and 2.3 ppm and 0.016, 0.032, and 0.064 ppm) in single and combined chronic exposures were studied under laboratory conditions for a period of 35 days in the economically important Indian fish Catla catla. Statistically significant duration-dependent increases in the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and other cytological anomalies were observed. Compared to single exposures, a twofold increase in micronuclei frequency was noted at combined exposures indicating the synergistic phenomenon. Binucleated and enucleated cells appeared only in fishes exposed to sublethal concentrations of butachlor. The present study is the first of its kind in exploring a significant positive correlation between micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies suggesting them as new possible biomarkers of genotoxicity after agrochemical exposures. The study highlights the sensitivity of the assay in exploring various predictive biomarkers of genotoxic and cytotoxic events and also elicits the synergistic effects of agrochemicals in apparently healthy fishes. C. catla can be considered as a suitable aquatic biomonitoring sentinel species of contaminated water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Anbumani
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, 603102, India,
| | | |
Collapse
|
1027
|
Yadav IC, Devi NL, Syed JH, Cheng Z, Li J, Zhang G, Jones KC. Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: a comprehensive review of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:123-37. [PMID: 25540847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Though the use of pesticides has offered significant economic benefits by enhancing the production and yield of food and fibers and the prevention of vector-borne diseases, evidence suggests that their use has adversely affected the health of human populations and the environment. Pesticides have been widely distributed and their traces can be detected in all areas of the environment (air, water and soil). Despite the ban of DDT and HCH in India, they are still in use, both in domestic and agricultural settings. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the production and consumption of persistent organic pesticides, their maximum residual limit (MRL) and the presence of persistent organic pesticides in multicomponent environmental samples (air, water and soil) from India. In order to highlight the global distribution of persistent organic pesticides and their impact on neighboring countries and regions, the role of persistent organic pesticides in Indian region is reviewed. Based on a review of research papers and modeling simulations, it can be concluded that India is one of the major contributors of global persistent organic pesticide distribution. This review also considers the health impacts of persistent organic pesticides, the regulatory measures for persistent organic pesticides, and the status of India's commitment towards the elimination of persistent organic pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | | | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
1028
|
Çakıcı Ö. Histopathologic changes in liver and kidney tissues induced by carbaryl in Bufotes variabilis (Anura: Bufonidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
1029
|
Verma N, Bhardwaj A. Biosensor technology for pesticides--a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3093-119. [PMID: 25595494 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, due to their lucrative outcomes, are majorly implicated in agricultural fields for crop production enhancement. Due to their pest removal properties, pesticides of various classes have been designed to persist in the environment over a longer duration after their application to achieve maximum effectiveness. Apart from their recalcitrant structure and agricultural benefits, pesticides also impose acute toxicological effects onto the other various life forms. Their accumulation in the living system may prove to be detrimental if established in higher concentrations. Thus, their prompt and accurate analysis is a crucial matter of concern. Conventional techniques like chromatographic techniques (HPLC, GC, etc.) used for pesticides detection are associated with various limitations like stumpy sensitivity and efficiency, time consumption, laboriousity, requirement of expensive equipments and highly trained technicians, and many more. So there is a need to recruit the methods which can detect these neurotoxic compounds sensitively, selectively, rapidly, and easily in the field. Present work is a brief review of the pesticide effects, their current usage scenario, permissible limits in various food stuffs and 21st century advancements of biosensor technology for pesticide detection. Due to their exceptional performance capabilities, easiness in operation and on-site working, numerous biosensors have been developed for bio-monitoring of various environmental samples for pesticide evaluation immensely throughout the globe. Till date, based on sensing element (enzyme based, antibody based, etc.) and type of detection method used (Electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric, etc.), a number of biosensors have been developed for pesticide detection. In present communication, authors have summarized 21st century's approaches of biosensor technology for pesticide detection such as enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and biochips technology. Also, the major technological advancements of nanotechnology in the field of biosensor technology are discussed. Various biosensors mentioned in manuscript are found to exhibit storage stability of biocomponent ranging from 30-60 days, detection limit of 10(-6) - 10(-16) M, response time of 1-20 min and applications of developed biosensors in environmental samples (water, food, vegetables, milk, and juice samples, etc.) are also discussed. Researchers all over the globe are working towards the development of different biosensing techniques based on contrast approaches for the detection of pesticides in various environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Verma
- Biosensor Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India,
| | | |
Collapse
|
1030
|
Solid-Phase Extraction of Pesticides by Using Bioinspired Peptide Receptors. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/905701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A virtual development of hexapeptide receptors bioinspired by the acetylcholinesterase enzyme active site is proposed. A semicombinatorial approach was applied to generate a virtual hexapeptides library with different affinity properties towards organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. The virtual screening process was addressed to obtain peptides able to separate pesticide subclasses in the experimental work. Three hexapeptides, two generated by molecular modeling and one having a scrambled sequence, were used as selective sorbent materials for pesticides in preanalytical solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. Selective adsorption and cross-reactivity were tested directly on a mix of four pesticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, malathion, and thiabendazole) having different structures and physico-chemical properties, at a total concentration of 120 ppb (each pesticide at concentration of 30 ppb). The results were compared to traditional sorbent material such as C-18 and strata-X. Data showed that only one of the hexapeptides virtually designed had significant differences in competitive absorption between aliphatic pesticide malathion, fungicide thiabendazole chosen as negative control, and aromatic pesticides. These results partially supported the simulated strategy.
Collapse
|
1031
|
Gutiérrez R, Vega S, Ortiz R, Pérez JJ, Schettino B. Presence of PAHs in milk of industrial farms from Tizayuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:317-321. [PMID: 25826099 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cow's milk from industrial farms that are located near an industrial park in Hidalgo, Mexico. It was found that the concentrations of PAHs in the raw milk of cattle from industrial farms have increased in recent years. Composite samples were collected between 2008 and 2010 and analysis carried out according to 8100 EPA procedures and analyzed by gas chromatography with FID detection. The results show that combustion PAHs were mostly Ace, Acy, and Fla (0.25, 0.32, and 0.22 µg g(-1), respectively). Diagnostic ratios were used to show that the probable sources were grass and fuel combustion. The sum of concentrations of 16 individual PAHs did not breach permissible levels in milk (25 µg g(-1) according to the United States EPA), indicating a limited health risk to animals and humans in the study area. The industrial park has adequate pollutant emission regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rey Gutiérrez
- a Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Animal and Agricultural Production Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco Campus , Coyoacán , México
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1032
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Sinha
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna 800 005, India
- Department of Chemistry and Watershed Studies, Institute Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, U.S.A
| | - Bommanna G. Loganathan
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna 800 005, India
- Department of Chemistry and Watershed Studies, Institute Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
1033
|
Jacobsen RE, Fantke P, Trapp S. Analysing half-lives for pesticide dissipation in plants. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:325-342. [PMID: 25948099 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1034772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overall dissipation of pesticides from plants is frequently measured, but the contribution of individual loss processes is largely unknown. We use a pesticide fate model for the quantification of dissipation by processes other than degradation. The model was parameterised using field studies. Scenarios were established for Copenhagen/Denmark and Shanghai/PR China, and calibrated with measured results. The simulated dissipation rates of 42 pesticides were then compared with measured overall dissipation from field studies using tomato and wheat. The difference between measured overall dissipation and calculated dissipation by non-degradative processes should ideally be contributable to degradation in plants. In 11% of the cases, calculated dissipation was above the measured dissipation. For the remaining cases, the non-explained dissipation ranged from 30% to 83%, depending on crop type, plant part and scenario. Accordingly, degradation is the most relevant dissipation process for these 42 pesticides, followed by growth dilution. Volatilisation was less relevant, which can be explained by the design of plant protection agents. Uptake of active compound from soil into plants leads to a negative dissipation process (i.e. a gain) that is difficult to quantify because it depends largely on interception, precipitation and plant stage. This process is particularly relevant for soluble compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Jacobsen
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
1034
|
Maddila S, Rana S, Pagadala R, Maddila SN, Vasam C, Jonnalagadda SB. Ozone-driven photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of pesticide, Triclopyr by Au/TiO2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:571-583. [PMID: 26065517 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1028835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Triclopyr is a widely used pesticide which is non-biodegradable and enters aquatic systems. The ozone facilitated photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of Triclopyr using Au-loaded titania as heterogeneous catalyst is reported. The oxidative degradation activity of the hazardous pesticide was investigated at pH 7.8 under varied reaction conditions, including in presence and absence of ozone, titania alone, in presence and absence of light and with different loadings of Au on support. Photocatalysis with 2% Au/TiO2 in the presence of ozone yielded 100% degradation of Triclopyr in 2 h. The extent of degradation of pesticide and its mineralization were confirmed by GC-MS. For 10 mg/L of Triclopyr, 0.1 g/L of catalyst was found to be the optimum for mineralization. Results show that photocatalyzed ozonation with Au/TiO2 as catalyst is a very effective for its removal. No leaching of Au was observed in triplicate runs. Catalyst was fully recoverable and reusable with no loss of activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Maddila
- a School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1035
|
Sharma RK, Dutta S, Sharma S. Quinoline-2-carboimine copper complex immobilized on amine functionalized silica coated magnetite nanoparticles: a novel and magnetically retrievable catalyst for the synthesis of carbamates via C–H activation of formamides. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1303-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and magnetically recoverable nanocatalytic system consisting of a magnetic silica based copper complex has been fabricated and applied in the synthesis of carbamates via C–H activation of formamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Sriparna Dutta
- Green Chemistry Network Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110007
- India
| |
Collapse
|
1036
|
Bhardwaj JK, Saraf P. Malathion-induced granulosa cell apoptosis in caprine antral follicles: an ultrastructural and flow cytometric analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1861-1868. [PMID: 25409908 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) like malathion interfere with normal ovarian function resulting in an increased incidence of atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis that plays a consequential role in the loss of ovarian follicles or follicular atresia. The aim of present study was to assess malathion-induced (100 nM) reproductive stress, ultrastructural damage and changes in apoptosis frequency in ovarian granulosa cells of antral follicles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed for ultrastructural characterization, oxidative stress was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay to measure lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis was quantified via flow cytometry. By TEM, apoptosis was identified by the presence of an indented nuclear membrane with blebbing, pyknotic crescent-shaped fragmented nuclei, increased vacuolization, degenerating mitochondria, and lipid droplets. The results indicate a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (nmols/g wet tissue) at a 100 nM dose of malathion i.e. 7.57±0.033*, 8.53±0.12*, and 12.87±0.78** at 4, 6, or 8 h, respectively, as compared with controls (6.07±0.033, p<0.01*, p<0.05**) showing a positive correlation between malathion-induced lipid peroxidation and percentage of granulosa cell apoptosis (r=1; p<0.01). The parallel use of these three methods enabled us to determine the role of malathion in inducing apoptosis as a consequence of cytogenetic damage and oxidative stress generated in granulosa cells of antral follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender K Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory,Department of Zoology,Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra-136119,Haryana,India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory,Department of Zoology,Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra-136119,Haryana,India
| |
Collapse
|
1037
|
Syed JH, Alamdar A, Mohammad A, Ahad K, Shabir Z, Ahmed H, Ali SM, Sani SGAS, Bokhari H, Gallagher KD, Ahmad I, Eqani SAMAS. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Pakistan: a review of the occurrence and associated human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13367-13393. [PMID: 24958529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the review is to document, assess and analyze the results of the previously reported data on levels of different pesticides in selected fruits and vegetables from Pakistan. The findings of the previous studies clearly indicated that more than 50 % of the samples were contaminated with organophosphate, pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides. Many studies reported that among fresh fruits and vegetables tomato, apple, melon, mango, grapes, and plum crossed the FAO/WHO permissible limits for these contaminants residual levels. The comparison of other regions showed that observed levels were found above maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 50 % of the samples but were in agreement with the studies from neighboring countries like China and Bangladesh. Higher hazard risk index (HRI) values were calculated for dieldrin, methamidophos, o,p'-DDT, diazinon and p,p'-DDT in apple, mango, banana, melon, potato and onion. The review also highlights that data on pesticide residues in foodstuff is scarce which should be overcome by further extending studies from different areas of Pakistan. In order to ascertain the provision of food suitable for human consumption, it is imperative to monitor pesticides in food commodities by the country's authorities and enforce guidelines based on permissible limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1038
|
Seo Y, Kim YH. Control of Meloidogyne incognita Using Mixtures of Organic Acids. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:450-5. [PMID: 25506312 PMCID: PMC4262300 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.07.2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to control the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita using benign organo-chemicals. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of RKN were exposed to dilutions (1.0%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.1%) of acetic acid (AA), lactic acid (LA), and their mixtures (MX). The nematode bodies were disrupted severely and moderately by vacuolations in 0.5% of MX and single organic acids, respectively, suggesting toxicity of MX may be higher than AA and LA. The mortality of J2 was 100% at all concentrations of AA and MX and only at 1.0% and 0.5% of LA, which lowered slightly at 0.2% and greatly at 0.1% of LA. This suggests the nematicidal activity of MX may be mostly derived from AA together with supplementary LA toxicity. MX was applied to chili pepper plants inoculated with about 1,000 J2, for which root-knot gall formations and plant growths were examined 4 weeks after inoculation. The root gall formation was completely inhibited by 0.5% MX and standard and double concentrations of fosthiazate; and inhibited 92.9% and 57.1% by 0.2% and 0.1% MX, respectively. Shoot height, shoot weight, and root weight were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different among all treatments and the untreated and non-inoculated controls. All of these results suggest that the mixture of the organic acids may have a potential to be developed as an eco-friendly nematode control agent that needs to be supported by the more nematode control experiments in fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-2-880-4675, FAX) +82-2-873-2317, E-mail)
| |
Collapse
|
1039
|
Jorsaraei SGA, Maliji G, Azadmehr A, Moghadamnia AA, Faraji AA. Immunotoxicity effects of carbaryl in vivo and in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:838-844. [PMID: 25461543 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbaryl is a pesticide for controlling pests in agricultural industry. To determine of immunotoxicity effects of carbaryl, rats were exposure with carbaryl for 28 days. The lymphoid organ weight, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines level were measured, respectively. Exposure with carbaryl significantly reduced both thymus and spleen weight and also suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, carbaryl significantly decreased IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α and also increased IL-4, IL-10 cytokines. These findings suggest that exposure to carbaryl can induce immunotoxicity effects on lymphoid organ weight, suppresses the functions of lymphocyte and macrophage, Th2 polarization in Th1/Th2 balance by reducing of IFN-γ and increasing of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Therefore, carbaryl can contribute to the development of allergic, autoimmune, cancer or infection diseases through immunotoxicity effects and unbalancing of Th1/Th2 immune response however, further study is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghorban Maliji
- Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Faraji
- Medical School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
1040
|
Rahman A, Islam R, Al-Reza SM, Kang SC. In vitro control of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. using Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:1104-10. [PMID: 26417325 PMCID: PMC4464478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites such as essential oil and pure compounds (limonin and imperatorin) from Poncirus trifoliata Rafin were tested for in vitro control of phytopathogenic bacteria of Xanthomonas spp. In vitro studies showed that the oil had inhibitory effect on Xanthomonas campestris pv. compestris KC94-17-XCC, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria YK93-4-XCV, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae KX019-XCO and Xanthomonas sp. SK12 with their inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 13.1~22.1 mm and 62.5~125 μg/ml, respectively. Limonin and imperatorin also had in vitro antibacterial potential (MIC: 15.62~62.5 μg/ml) against all the tested Xanthomonas spp. Furthermore, the SEM studies demonstrated that limonin and imperatorin caused morphological changes of Xanthomonas sp. SK12 at the minimum inhibitory concentration (15.62 μg/ml). These results of this study support the possible use of essential oil and natural compounds from P. Trifoliata in agriculture and agro-industries to control plant pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sun Chul Kang, Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea. Phone: +82-53-850-6553; Fax: +82-53-850-6559, E-mail:
| | - Rafiquel Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif M. Al-Reza
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sun Chul Kang, Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea. Phone: +82-53-850-6553; Fax: +82-53-850-6559, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1041
|
Lucci P, Núñez O. On-line solid-phase extraction for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2929-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lucci
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotà Colombia
| | - Oscar Núñez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
1042
|
Yohannes YB, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M. Organochlorine pesticides in bird species and their prey (fish) from the Ethiopian Rift Valley region, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:121-128. [PMID: 24907858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and stable isotopes were measured in muscle from 4 bird and 5 fish species from the Ethiopian Rift Valley region where DDT is used for malaria control and vast agricultural activities are carried out. We investigated the bioaccumulation of OCPs such as DDTs, HCHs, chlordanes, and heptachlors between the species, and examined the potential risk posed by these compounds for bird species. Significant differences in contaminant profiles and levels were observed within the species. Levels of total OCPs ranged from 3.7 to 148.7 μg/g lipid in bird and 0.04 to 10.9 μg/g lipid in fish species. DDTs were the predominant contaminant, and a positive relationship between δ(15)N and ΣDDT concentrations was found. The main DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE was the most abundant and significantly greater concentrations in bird species (up to 138.5 μg/g lipid), which could have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction of birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yared Beyene Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; University of Gondar, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
1043
|
Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker H, Hytönen VP, Tolvanen MEE, Parkkila S. Beta carbonic anhydrases: novel targets for pesticides and anti-parasitic agents in agriculture and livestock husbandry. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:403. [PMID: 25174433 PMCID: PMC4162934 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genomes of many insect and parasite species contain beta carbonic anhydrase (β-CA) protein coding sequences. The lack of β-CA proteins in mammals makes them interesting target proteins for inhibition in treatment of some infectious diseases and pests. Many insects and parasites represent important pests for agriculture and cause enormous economic damage worldwide. Meanwhile, pollution of the environment by old pesticides, emergence of strains resistant to them, and their off-target effects are major challenges for agriculture and society. METHODS In this study, we analyzed a multiple sequence alignment of 31 β-CAs from insects, some parasites, and selected plant species relevant to agriculture and livestock husbandry. Using bioinformatics tools a phylogenetic tree was generated and the subcellular localizations and antigenic sites of each protein were predicted. Structural models for β-CAs of Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris suum, Trichinella spiralis, and Entamoeba histolytica, were built using Pisum sativum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-CAs as templates. RESULTS Six β-CAs of insects and parasites and six β-CAs of plants are predicted to be mitochondrial and chloroplastic, respectively, and thus may be involved in important metabolic functions. All 31 sequences showed the presence of the highly conserved β-CA active site sequence motifs, CXDXR and HXXC (C: cysteine, D: aspartic acid, R: arginine, H: histidine, X: any residue). We discovered that these two motifs are more antigenic than others. Homology models suggested that these motifs are mostly buried and thus not well accessible for recognition by antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The predicted mitochondrial localization of several β-CAs and hidden antigenic epitopes within the protein molecule, suggest that they may not be considered major targets for vaccines. Instead, they are promising candidate enzymes for small-molecule inhibitors which can easily penetrate the cell membrane. Based on current knowledge, we conclude that β-CAs are potential targets for development of small molecule pesticides or anti-parasitic agents with minimal side effects on vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- />School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- />School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- />BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti E E Tolvanen
- />BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- />School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- />Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
1044
|
Singh KP, Gupta S, Basant N, Mohan D. QSTR Modeling for Qualitative and Quantitative Toxicity Predictions of Diverse Chemical Pesticides in Honey Bee for Regulatory Purposes. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1504-15. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500100m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar P. Singh
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, Anusandhan
Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India
- Environmental
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, Anusandhan
Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India
- Environmental
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - Nikita Basant
- Kanban Systems Pvt.
Ltd., Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092, India
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
1045
|
Hao GF, Tan Y, Xu WF, Cao RJ, Xi Z, Yang GF. Understanding resistance mechanism of protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides: insights from computational mutation scanning and site-directed mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7209-15. [PMID: 24983412 DOI: 10.1021/jf5018115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) to develop resistance against five PPO-inhibiting herbicides has been studied using computational mutation scanning (CMS) protocol, leading to valuable insights into the resistance mechanisms and structure-resistance relationship of the PPO inhibitors. The calculated shifts in the binding free energies caused by the mutations correlated very well with those derived from the corresponding experimental data obtained from site-directed mutagenesis of PPO, leading to valuable insights into the resistance mechanisms of PPO inhibitors. The calculated entropy change was related to the conformational flexibility of the inhibitor, which demonstrated that inhibitors with appropriate conformational flexibility may inhibit both the wild type and mutants simultaneously. The reasonable correlation between the computational and experimental data further validate that CMS protocol is valuable for predicting resistance associated with amino acid mutations on target proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1046
|
Lan WS, Lu TK, Qin ZF, Shi XJ, Wang JJ, Hu YF, Chen B, Zhu YH, Liu Z. Genetically modified microorganism Spingomonas paucimobilis UT26 for simultaneously degradation of methyl-parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:840-850. [PMID: 24648032 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of pesticide residues by bacteria is an efficient and environmentally friendly method to deal with environmental pollution. In this study, a genetically modified microorganism (GMM) named UT26XEGM was constructed by introducing a parathion hydrolase gene into an initially γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) degrading bacterium Spingomonas paucimobilis UT26. In order to reduce its potential risk of gene escaping into the environment for the public concern on biosafety, a suicide system was also designed that did not interfere with the performance of the GMM until its physiological function was activated by specific signal. The system was designed with circuiting suicide cassettes consisting of killing genes gef and ecoRIR from Escherichia coli controlled by Pm promoter and the xylS gene. The cell viability and original degradation characteristics were not affected by the insertion of exogenous genes. The novel GMM was capable of degrading methyl-parathion and γ-HCH simultaneously. In laboratory scale testing, the recombinant bacteria were successfully applied to the bioremediation of mixed pesticide residues with the activity of self-destruction after 3-methylbenzoate induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen S Lan
- Shenzhen R&D Key Laboratory of Alien Pest Detection Technology, Animal & Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 1011 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1047
|
Tyson RC. Pest control: a modelling approach. Comment on "Multiscale approach to pest insect monitoring: random walks, pattern formation, synchronization, and networks" by S. Petrovskii, N. Petrovskaya and D. Bearup. Phys Life Rev 2014; 11:526-8. [PMID: 24954731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Tyson
- Mathematics & Statistics, IKBSAS 5 BLDG SCI, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
1048
|
Islam AKMM, Kato-Noguchi H. Phytotoxic activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum extracts on germination and seedling growth of different plant species. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:676242. [PMID: 25032234 PMCID: PMC4086237 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotoxic activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (Phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. The plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL(-1) reduced significantly the total germination percent (GP), germination index (GI), germination energy (GE), speed of emergence (SE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG) of all test species except barnyard grass and GP of lettuce. In contrast, time required for 50% germination (T 50) and mean germination time (MGT) were increased at the same or higher than this concentration. The increasing trend of T 50 and MGT and the decreasing trend of other indices indicated a significant inhibition or delay of germination of the test species by O. tenuiflorum plant extracts and vice versa. In addition, the shoot and root growth of all test species were significantly inhibited by the extracts at concentrations greater than 10 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL(-1). The I 50 values for shoot and root growth were ranged from 26 to 104 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL(-1). Seedling growth was more sensitive to the extracts compared to seed germination. Results of this study suggest that O. tenuiflorum plant extracts have phytotoxic properties and thus contain phytotoxic substances. Isolation and characterization of those substances from this plant may act as a tool for new natural, biodegradable herbicide development to control weeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Mominul Islam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1049
|
Mekonen S, Ambelu A, Spanoghe P. Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: a case study from the Jimma Zone. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1294-302. [PMID: 24648104 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation < 20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001 µg/g and 0.092 µg/g and between 0.002 µg/g and 0.307 µg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p < 0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011 mg/kg to 1.115 mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
1050
|
Santhiago M, Henry CS, Kubota LT. Low cost, simple three dimensional electrochemical paper-based analytical device for determination of p-nitrophenol. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|