1051
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The Norwegian translation of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 36:101408. [PMID: 31610403 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in all stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet it is underreported and not routinely evaluated. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short and easily administered test battery for screening of cognitive impairment in MS that can be completed within 15 min and incorporated into routine clinical practice. The test battery consists of the oral version of the Symbols Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the initial learning trials of the California Verbal Learning Test 2nd edition (CVLT-II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised (BVMT-R). OBJECTIVE To investigate if the Norwegian version of the BICAMS could identify cognitive impairment in early stages of MS and be used as part of routine follow-up procedures. METHODS A total of 65 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 68 healthy controls were examined with the BICAMS test battery. A randomly selected subset of 29 controls were retested 1-4 weeks after baseline. All participants were screened for anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the patients with MS and the healthy controls on all three subtests, and the differences remained significant for the CVLT-II (p = 0.003) and BVMT-R (p = 0.011) after adjusting for education. There were no statistically significant correlations between BICAMS scores and anxiety and depression. SDMT and BVMT-R results in the control group at baseline and re-test were strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.001), and CVLT-II achieved an adequate value of r = 0.60 (p = 0.001). On the SDMT, there was a statistically significant improvement between the two test-sessions. Cognitive impairment, defined as an abnormal test score on ≥1 subtest, was identified in 46.2% of the patient sample, whereas 15.4% were considered cognitively impaired on ≥2 subtests. CONCLUSION This study supports that the Norwegian version of the BICAMS should be included as a screening procedure for cognitive impairment in Norwegian MS patients.
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1052
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Moccia M, Tajani A, Acampora R, Signoriello E, Corbisiero G, Vercellone A, Sergianni P, Pennino F, Lanzillo R, Palladino R, Capacchione A, Brescia Morra V, Lus G, Triassi M. Healthcare resource utilization and costs for multiple sclerosis management in the Campania region of Italy: Comparison between centre-based and local service healthcare delivery. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222012. [PMID: 31536513 PMCID: PMC6752775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) requires multidisciplinary management. We evaluated differences in healthcare resource utilization and costs between Federico II and Vanvitelli MS Centres of Naples (Italy), representative of centralised (i.e., MS Care Unit) and local service-based models of multidisciplinary care, respectively. Methods We included MS patients continuously seen at the same local healthcare services and MS Centre (Federico II = 187; Vanvitelli = 90) from 2015 to 2017. Healthcare resources for MS treatment and management were collected and costs were calculated. Adherence was estimated as the rate of medication possession ratio (MPR) during 3-years of follow-up. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to estimate differences in all outcomes between Federico II and Vanvitelli. Results Patients at Federico II had more consultations within the MS centre (p<0.001), blood tests (p<0.001), and psychological/cognitive evaluations (p = 0.040). Patients at Vanvitelli had more consultations at local services (p<0.001). Adherence was not-significantly lower at Vanvitelli (p = 0.060), compared with Federico II. Costs for MS treatment and management were 10.6% lower at Vanvitelli (12417.08±8448.32EUR) (95%CI = -19.0/-2.7%;p = 0.007), compared with Federico II (15318.57±10919.59EUR). Discussion Healthcare services were more complete (and expensive) at the Federico II centralised MS Care Unit, compared with the Vanvitelli local service-based organizational model. Future research should evaluate whether better integration between MS Centres and local services can lead to improved MS management and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Tajani
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Acampora
- Primary Care and Local Service Unit, Local Healthcare Services “Napoli 3 Sud”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Signoriello
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, II Neurology Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Corbisiero
- Local Healthcare Service 57, Local Healthcare Services “Napoli 3 Sud”, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Vercellone
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Local Healthcare Services “Napoli 3 Sud”, Naples, Italy
| | - Primo Sergianni
- Primary Care and Local Service Unit, Local Healthcare Services “Napoli 3 Sud”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pennino
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Capacchione
- Merck Serono S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Casilina, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lus
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, II Neurology Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
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1053
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Varicella-zoster- und Herpes-zoster-Impfindikation bei Multipler Sklerose: aktuelle Situation. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:1254-1260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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1054
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Gharagozloo M, Mahmoud S, Simard C, Yamamoto K, Bobbala D, Ilangumaran S, Smith MD, Lamontagne A, Jarjoura S, Denault JB, Blais V, Gendron L, Vilariño-Güell C, Sadovnick AD, Ting JP, Calabresi PA, Amrani A, Gris D. NLRX1 inhibits the early stages of CNS inflammation and prevents the onset of spontaneous autoimmunity. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000451. [PMID: 31525189 PMCID: PMC6762215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat containing X1 (NLRX1) is a mitochondria-located innate immune sensor that inhibits major pro-inflammatory pathways such as type I interferon and nuclear factor-κB signaling. We generated a novel, spontaneous, and rapidly progressing mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) by crossing myelin-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice with Nlrx1−/− mice. About half of the resulting progeny developed spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (spEAE), which was associated with severe demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Using lymphocyte-deficient mice and a series of adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that genetic susceptibility to EAE lies within the innate immune compartment. We show that NLRX1 inhibits the subclinical stages of microglial activation and prevents the generation of neurotoxic astrocytes that induce neuronal and oligodendrocyte death in vitro. Moreover, we discovered several mutations within NLRX1 that run in MS-affected families. In summary, our findings highlight the importance of NLRX1 in controlling the early stages of CNS inflammation and preventing the onset of spontaneous autoimmunity. NLRX1 is a guardian protein that inhibits the inflammatory response of glial cells within the central nervous system and prevents the onset of a spontaneous multiple sclerosis–like disease in mice. This study uses a novel mouse model to provide mechanistic insights into the neurodegenerative origin of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shaimaa Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Simard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenzo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diwakar Bobbala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Albert Lamontagne
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MS Clinic, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samir Jarjoura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MS Clinic, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Bernard Denault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Blais
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - A. Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jenny P. Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Gris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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1055
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Koch MW, Mostert J, Uitdehaag B, Cutter G. Clinical outcome measures in SPMS trials: An analysis of the IMPACT and ASCEND original trial data sets. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1540-1549. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519876701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Still too little is known about the natural history of clinical outcome measures beyond the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), such as the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) and nine-hole peg test (9HPT) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Objective: To describe progression on the EDSS, T25FW, 9HPT, and their combinations. To investigate the association of the baseline characteristics age, sex, EDSS, T25FW, gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and relapse activity with EDSS and T25FW progression. Methods: Using original trial data from the placebo arms of the IMPACT and ASCEND randomized controlled trials, we describe disability progression (with and without 3- or 6-month confirmation). We investigated the association of selected baseline characteristics with EDSS and T25FW progression over 2 years using binary logistic regression. Results: T25FW was the single outcome measure with the largest proportion of patients progressing, followed by EDSS and 9HPT. EDSS and T25FW at baseline were associated with EDSS and T25FW progression in both data sets. Age and relapse activity were only mild and inconsistent predictors, while sex and gadolinium enhancement at baseline did not predict disability progression in either data set. Conclusion: Our analyses inform the selection of primary outcome measures as well as inclusion criteria for clinical trials in SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Koch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada/Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jop Mostert
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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1056
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Belbasis L, Bellou V, Evangelou E, Tzoulaki I. Environmental factors and risk of multiple sclerosis: Findings from meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies. Mult Scler 2019; 26:397-404. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519872664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that is associated with permanent disability and low quality of life. Development of MS is attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 variants that are associated with risk of MS. An umbrella review showed that smoking, history of infectious mononucleosis, and anti-Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen (anti-EBNA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity are credible risk factors of MS. In the present narrative review, we updated our published umbrella review, showing that body mass index in childhood and adolescence and anti-viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) IgG seropositivity are additional credible risk factors of MS. In addition, we discuss the findings from Mendelian randomization studies, which present evidence for a potential causal role of serum vitamin D and adulthood body mass index on risk of MS. Finally, we discuss the potential limitations of meta-analyses, umbrella reviews, and Mendelian randomization studies in the search for risk factors of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vanesa Bellou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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1057
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Identifying the culprits in neurological autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2:100015. [PMID: 32743503 PMCID: PMC7388404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The target organ of neurological autoimmune diseases (NADs) is the central or peripheral nervous system. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common NAD, whereas Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are less common NADs, but the incidence of these diseases has increased exponentially in the last few years. The identification of a specific culprit in NADs is challenging since a myriad of triggering factors interplay with each other to cause an autoimmune response. Among the factors that have been associated with NADs are genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental factors such as infection, microbiota, vitamins, etc. This review focuses on the most studied culprits as well as the mechanisms used by these to trigger NADs. Neurological autoimmune diseases are caused by a complex interaction between genes, environmental factors, and epigenetic deregulation. Infectious agents can cause an autoimmune reaction to myelin epitopes through molecular mimicry and/or bystander activation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to neurological autoimmune diseases. Smoking increases the risk of NADs through inflammatory signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and Th17 differentiation. Deficiency in vitamin D favors NAD development through direct damage to the central and peripheral nervous system.
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1058
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Guo LY, Lozinski B, Yong VW. Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: Focus on the central nervous system outcomes. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:509-523. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yi Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brian Lozinski
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Voon Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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1059
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Evaluation of variation in genes of the arylhydrocarbon receptor pathway for an association with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:576979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1060
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Waubant E, Lucas R, Mowry E, Graves J, Olsson T, Alfredsson L, Langer‐Gould A. Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1905-1922. [PMID: 31392849 PMCID: PMC6764632 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a chronic dysregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from complex interactions between genetic predispositions, infectious exposures, and factors that lead to pro-inflammatory states, including smoking, obesity, and low sun exposure. This is supported by the discovery of gene-environment (GxE) interactions and epigenetic alterations triggered by environmental exposures in individuals with particular genetic make-ups. It is notable that several of these pro-inflammatory factors have not emerged as strong prognostic indicators. Biological processes at play during the relapsing phase of the disease may result from initial inflammatory-mediated injury, while risk factors for the later phase of MS, which is weighted toward neurodegeneration, are not yet well defined. This integrated review of current evidence guides recommendations for clinical practice and highlights research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Ellen Mowry
- Department of Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | | | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of NeurologyKarolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Annette Langer‐Gould
- Clinical & Translational NeuroscienceKaiser Permanente/Southern California Permanente Medical GroupLos AngelesCalifornia
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1061
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Duignan S, Brownlee W, Wassmer E, Hemingway C, Lim M, Ciccarelli O, Hacohen Y. Paediatric multiple sclerosis: a new era in diagnosis and treatment. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:1039-1049. [PMID: 30932181 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in children, as in adults, requires evidence of dissemination of inflammatory activity in more than one location in the central nervous system (dissemination in space) and recurrent disease over time (dissemination in time). The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) and aquaporin-A antibodies (AQP4-Ab), and the subsequent discovery of their pathogenic mechanisms, have led to a shift in the classification of relapsing demyelinating syndromes. This is reflected in the 2017 revised criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, which emphasizes the exclusion of multiple sclerosis mimics and aims to enable earlier diagnosis and thus treatment initiation. The long-term efficacy of individual therapies initiated in children with multiple sclerosis is hard to evaluate, owing to the small numbers of patients who have the disease, the relatively high number of patients who switch therapy, and the need for long follow-up studies. Nevertheless, an improvement in prognosis with a globally reduced annual relapse rate in children with multiple sclerosis is now observed compared with the pretreatment era, indicating a possible long-term effect of therapies. Given the higher relapse rate in children compared with adults, and the impact multiple sclerosis has on cognition in the developing brain, there is a question whether rapid escalation or potent agents should be used in children, while the short- and long-term safety profiles of these drugs are being established. With the results of the first randomized controlled trial of fingolimod versus interferon-β1a in paediatric multiple sclerosis published in 2018 and several clinical trials underway, there is hope for further progress in the field of paediatric multiple sclerosis. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Early and accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is crucial. The discovery of antibody-mediated demyelination has changed the diagnosis and management of relapsing demyelination syndromes. Traditional escalation therapy is being challenged by induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Duignan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Wallace Brownlee
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cheryl Hemingway
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Ming Lim
- Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Yael Hacohen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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1062
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Schmierer K, Campion T, Sinclair A, van Hecke W, Matthews PM, Wattjes MP. Towards a standard MRI protocol for multiple sclerosis across the UK. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180926. [PMID: 30994035 PMCID: PMC6732926 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It is the most common non-traumatic cause of chronic disability in young adults. An early and accurate diagnosis, and effective disease modifying treatment are key elements of optimum care for people with MS (pwMS). MRI has become a critical tool to confirm the presence of dissemination in space and time of lesions characteristic of inflammatory demyelination, a cornerstone of MS diagnosis, over and above exclusion of numerous differential diagnoses. In the modern era of early and highly effective DMT, follow-up of pwMS also relies heavily on MRI, to both confirm efficacy and for pharmacovigilance. Since criteria for MS rely heavily on MRI, an agreed standardized acquisition and reporting protocol enabling efficient and equitable application across the UK is desirable. Following a recent meeting of MS experts in London (UK), we make recommendations for a standardized UK MRI protocol that captures the diagnostic phase as well as monitoring for safety and treatment efficacy once the diagnosis is established. Our views take into account issues arising from the (repeated) use of contrast agents as well as the advent of (semi-) automated tools to further optimize disease monitoring in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Campion
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The National Hospital, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Audrey Sinclair
- Department of Neuroradiology, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Paul M Matthews
- Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences & UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
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1063
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Razazian N, Motl RW, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Pühse U, Gerber M, Brand S. Physical activity interventions can improve emotion regulation and dimensions of empathy in persons with multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101380. [PMID: 32173007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report difficulties with emotion regulation and empathy. Regular physical activity (RPA) improves dimensions of psychological well-being in PwMS, but it remains unclear if regular physical activity has effects on emotion regulation and empathy. The present study investigated the effect of regular physical activity on emotion regulation and empathy, and explored, if endurance training or coordinative training are better than an active control condition. METHODS 92 female PwMS (mean age: 37.4 years; age range: 20-57 years; mean EDSS: 2.43) took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into endurance training, coordinative training, or active control conditions that all lasted 8 weeks and were yoked on frequency, duration, and social contact. Participants completed questionnaires on emotion regulation, empathy, depression and fatigue before and after the 8-week conditions. RESULTS Regulation and control of emotions and empathy improved over time, but more so in the exercising groups, compared to the active control group. No changes over time and between groups were observed for perception and acknowledgement of emotions, emotional expressivity, and empathy, as measured with Reading in the Eyes test. These changes were not influenced by control for depression and fatigue as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Both endurance and coordinative exercise training had favorable effects on some aspects of emotion regulation and social cognition such as empathy in PwMS. Such initial results support for examination of exercise training for the treatment of issues of emotion regulation and social interactions in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W Motl
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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1064
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Karussis D, Petrou P. Immune reconstitution therapy (IRT) in multiple sclerosis: the rationale. Immunol Res 2019; 66:642-648. [PMID: 30443887 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroimmune diseases is rapidly evolving. For the past 25 years, there has been an accelerating inclusion of new immunomodulating drugs. Based on their molecular construction and their basic mechanism of action, immunotherapeutic agents belong to the following categories: (1) cytotoxic drugs, (2) synthetic immunomodulators, (3) monoclonal antibodies, (4) vaccines (T cell vaccines, antigen vaccines), (5) oral tolerizing agents, (6) modalities that act as indirect immunosuppressants (plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulins [IVIG]), and (7) cellular therapies. MS immunotherapies may also be classified in a different way, into treatments that are given continuously (chronic treatments) and medications that are applied intermittently (IRTs). The principle behind the latter is depletion of the immune system that allows it to rebuild itself. Upon its reconstitution/resetting, the immune system regains the ability to respond to infections and survey the periphery for cancer. An IRT by definition is given at short intermittent courses and not continuously. IRT modalities were shown to induce long-term remission of MS that, in some cases, is close to the definition of a "cure." There are cohorts of patients having been treated with the IRTs, alemtuzumab, and HSCT, who experience-under these modalities-no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) for over 10 years. Most importantly, IRTs cause radical changes in the lymphocyte repertoire after the reconstitution phase that may explain the long-term beneficial effects of IRT and the possibility of re-induction of self-tolerance to self/myelin antigens. In comparison, a chronic treatment cannot result in cure of the autoimmune reactivity, because it only blocks the immune system, as long as it is given; it cannot therefore radically affect the immunopathogenesis of the disease. The risks of adverse events related to immune suppression (such as opportunistic infections and secondary malignancies) with IRTs are lower and front-loaded, whereas the common side effects of chronic immunomodulation are higher and accumulate with time. In conclusion, IRT provides a novel concept for MS therapy with substantial advantages over chronic immunosuppression. IRT therapies have shown a significantly higher level of efficacy in MS. The "Holy grail" of the treatment of autoimmunity, which is to re-induce the disrupted self-tolerance, seems to be achievable-at least in part-with this approach. Moreover, the benefits of IRT, administered in short pulses, include significantly higher adherence to treatment and lower risks for accumulative side effects that are typically associated with chronic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karussis
- MS Center and Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Panayiota Petrou
- MS Center and Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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1065
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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1066
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Silva BA, Ferrari CC. Cortical and meningeal pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: a new therapeutic target? Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:221-232. [PMID: 30048237 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that involves an intricate interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system. Nevertheless, its etiology is still unknown. MS exhibits different clinical courses: recurrent episodes with remission periods ('relapsing-remitting') that can evolve to a 'secondary progressive' form or persistent progression from the onset of the disease ('primary progressive'). The discovery of an effective treatment and cure has been hampered due to the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of the disease. Historically, MS has been considered as a disease exclusively of white matter. However, patients with progressive forms of MS present with cortical lesions associated with meningeal inflammation along with physical and cognitive disabilities. The pathogenesis of the cortical lesions has not yet been fully described. Animal models that represent both the cortical and meningeal pathologies will be critical in addressing MS pathogenesis as well as the design of specific treatments. In this review, we will address the state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives and the development of strategies to discover new therapeutic approaches, especially for the progressive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Anabel Silva
- Institute of Basic Science and Experimental Medicine (ICBME), University Institute, Italian Hospital, Potosi 4240 (C1199ABB), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Patricias Argentinas 435 (C1405BWE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, e-mail:
| | - Carina Cintia Ferrari
- Institute of Basic Science and Experimental Medicine (ICBME), University Institute, Italian Hospital, Potosi 4240 (C1199ABB), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Patricias Argentinas 435 (C1405BWE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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1067
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Yue P, Jing L, Zhao X, Zhu H, Teng J. Down-regulation of taurine-up-regulated gene 1 attenuates inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50 in multiple sclerosis. Life Sci 2019; 233:116731. [PMID: 31394128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation. LncRNA taurine-up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes and human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA TUG1 in MS and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55). Lentiviral vectors encoding sh-TUG1 was constructed to silence TUG1 in MOG-EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. The effect of TUG1 on inflammation in MS was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blot, ELISA and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. To further study the mechanism of TUG1 in MS, TUG1 knockdown and miR-9-5p overexpression were performed in LPS-induced BV2 cells. KEY FINDINGS Down-regulation of TUG1 improved mice behavior, reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) level, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, and increased IL-10 in EAE mice. Notably, TUG1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-9-5p expression, while positively correlated with NF-κB1/p50. Knockdown of TUG1 or enforced expression of miR-9-5p inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells, while these effects were abolished by inhibition of miR-9-5p. We further verified that TUG1 negatively regulated miR-9-5p expression and NF-κB1/p50 is a direct target of miR-9-5p. SIGNIFICANCE Down-regulation of TUG1 attenuates MS through inhibition of inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50, suggesting that TUG1 is a potential therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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1068
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Azman A, Poyade M, Overell J. Towards a More User-Friendly Medication Information Delivery to People Living with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Study with Alemtuzumab. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1120:67-82. [PMID: 30919295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-06070-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The T and B cells, the body's immune cells, start attacking the brain and spinal cord, leading to a variety of symptoms. Alemtuzumab is a recently approved disease-modifying therapy that has been shown to have a very high impact on MS. However, it has many potentially life-threatening side effects which patients are often not aware of. For treatments as effective and risky as Alemtuzumab, patients who are considering it must be well-informed on the process and the potential side effects. Patient education is vital to equip patients with knowledge on their disease and treatment, and has shown to be successful in improving the management of chronic diseases and increasing medication adherence. Unfortunately, the language used is often too complex and at a higher reading level than average patients can comprehend, and available resources such as pamphlets and websites are often disorganized. This research proposes a radically different approach to patient education, using less formal channels such as a mobile application to improve health literacy, using LEMTRADA® (Alemtuzumab) as an example. MS patients were involved in a co-design process to produce a series of user-friendly, intuitive and interactive graphical interfaces which propose plain language, illustrations, animations, audio and Augmented Reality components that aim to enhance patients' knowledge retention and recall. Finally, nine MS patients along with a senior MS nurse tested the mobile application and answered a usability questionnaire that aimed to compare the delivery of information with typical websites and pamphlets. Results suggested this approach to be highly user-friendly and engaging, improving patients' understanding of medical information considerably. This research illustrates more engaging channels to communicate with MS patients in order to enhance health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Azman
- The School of Simulation and Visualisation, The Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK. .,Anatomy Facility, School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Matthieu Poyade
- The School of Simulation and Visualisation, The Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Overell
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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1069
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Yang T, Ye ZQ, Tian J, Fang HR, Han JJ, Wang ZZ, Li X. Scopoletin Suppresses Activation of Dendritic Cells and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31427972 PMCID: PMC6688631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, a phenolic coumarin derived from many medical or edible plants, is involved in various pharmacological functions. In the present study, we showed that Scopoletin effectively ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through novel regulatory mechanisms involving inhibition of NF-κB activity in dendritic cells (DCs). Scopoletin treatment significantly improved the severity of the disease and prominently decreased inflammation and demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) in EAE mice. Disease alleviation correlated with the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80 and CD86, expressed on DCs of CNS or spleens, and the infiltration and polarization of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells. Consistent with the in vivo data, Scopoletin-treated, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) exhibited reduced expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80 and CD86) and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation. These findings, for the first time, demonstrated the ability of Scopoletin to impair DC activation, downregulating pathogenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory cell responses and, eventually, reducing EAE severity. Our study demonstrates new evidence that natural products derived from medical or edible plants, such as Scopoletin, will be valuable in developing a novel therapeutic agent for MS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Rong Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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1070
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Berardi A, Siddiqui MK, Treharne C, Harty G, Wong SL. Estimating the comparative efficacy of cladribine tablets versus alternative disease modifying treatments in active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: adjusting for patient characteristics using meta-regression and matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison approaches. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1371-1378. [PMID: 30786783 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1585779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To estimate the comparative efficacy of cladribine tablets versus alternative disease modifying therapies (DMTs) - fingolimod, natalizumab, alemtuzumab and ocrelizumab - in adults with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), using meta-regression to provide subpopulation-specific estimates of drug effect. Additionally, to determine the feasibility of conducting a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) to validate the meta-regression results. Methods: A published systematic literature review (SLR) identified studies evaluating the efficacy of cladribine tablets and alternative DMTs in the management of active RRMS. A series of meta-regression models were run with adjustment for baseline risk, fitted to data from the intention-to-treat cohorts of trials identified in the SLR. A non-parametric MAIC analysis adjusted for differences between studies by reweighting patient-level data from the index trial to match the mean baseline characteristics reported for trials with only aggregate data. Results: The meta-regression analysis showed significant overlap in credible intervals for the hazard ratios of 6 month confirmed disability progression (CDP-6M) and annualized relapse rate (ARR), with no therapy statistically dominating in terms of efficacy and all therapies estimated to reduce the ARR compared to placebo in all subpopulations. In the MAIC analysis, cladribine tablets showed a reduction in CDP-6M and ARR comparable to alemtuzumab before and after matching. Conclusion: This analysis has demonstrated that cladribine tablets have comparable relative efficacy to other highly efficacious DMTs in active RRMS across all subpopulations, thus validating the comparative effectiveness results from previous network meta-analysis. The MAIC analysis showed that cladribine tablets are comparable in efficacy to alemtuzumab in the treatment of patients with RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerard Harty
- c EMD Serono Research and Development , Billerica , USA
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1071
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Muri L, Leppert D, Grandgirard D, Leib SL. MMPs and ADAMs in neurological infectious diseases and multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3097-3116. [PMID: 31172218 PMCID: PMC7079810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases-such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs)-are involved in various diseases of the nervous system but also contribute to nervous system development, synaptic plasticity and neuroregeneration upon injury. MMPs and ADAMs proteolytically cleave many substrates including extracellular matrix components but also signaling molecules and receptors. During neuroinfectious disease with associated neuroinflammation, MMPs and ADAMs regulate blood-brain barrier breakdown, bacterial invasion, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine signaling. Specific and broad-spectrum inhibitors for MMPs and ADAMs have experimentally been shown to decrease neuroinflammation and brain damage in diseases with excessive neuroinflammation as a common denominator, such as pneumococcal meningitis and multiple sclerosis, thereby improving the disease outcome. Timing of metalloproteinase inhibition appears to be critical to effectively target the cascade of pathophysiological processes leading to brain damage without inhibiting the neuroregenerative effects of metalloproteinases. As the critical role of metalloproteinases in neuronal repair mechanisms and regeneration was only lately recognized, the original idea of chronic MMP inhibition needs to be conceptually revised. Recently accumulated research urges for a second chance of metalloproteinase inhibitors, which-when correctly applied and dosed-harbor the potential to improve the outcome of different neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Leppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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1072
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Zoledziewska M. The gut microbiota perspective for interventions in MS. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:814-824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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1073
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Razazian N, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Tatari F, Brand S. Compared to an active control condition, in persons with multiple sclerosis two different types of exercise training improved sleep and depression, but not fatigue, paresthesia, and intolerance of uncertainty. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 36:101356. [PMID: 31521917 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), physical activity favorably impacts on psychological well-being. The aims of the present study were to investigate the influence of physical activity on depression, fatigue, sleep, paresthesia, and personality traits (intolerance of uncertainty), and to explore, if endurance training or coordinative training are superior to an active control condition. METHODS 92 female individuals with MS (mean age: 37.36 years; mean EDSS: 2.43) took part in this intervention study. Participants were randomly assigned either to endurance training, coordinative training, or to an active control condition. At baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks later at the end of the study, participants completed questionnaires on sleep, depression, fatigue, paresthesia and intolerance of uncertainty. Exercise training interventions took place three times/week for 45 min/session. Participants in the active control condition also met with the same duration and frequency. RESULTS Sleep complaints and symptoms of depression decreased over time, but more so in the exercising groups, compared to the active control group. No changes over time and between groups were observed for fatigue, paresthesia, and intolerance of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Both endurance and coordinative exercising had the potential to favorably impact on some aspects of cognitive-emotional processing, while also an active control condition appeared to have a positive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tatari
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
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1074
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Lindahl H, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Bedri SK, Linnerbauer M, Lindén M, Abdelmagid N, Tandre K, Hollins C, Irving L, Glover C, Jones C, Alfredsson L, Rönnblom L, Kockum I, Khademi M, Jagodic M, Olsson T. IL-22 Binding Protein Promotes the Disease Process in Multiple Sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:888-898. [PMID: 31292217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have mapped the specific sequence variants that predispose for multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie these associations could be leveraged to develop safer and more effective MS treatments but are still poorly understood. In this article, we study the genetic risk variant rs17066096 and the candidate gene that encodes IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), an antagonist molecule of the cytokine IL-22. We show that monocytes from carriers of the risk genotype of rs17066096 express more IL-22BP in vitro and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-22BP correlate with MS lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging. We confirm the pathogenicity of IL-22BP in both rat and mouse models of MS and go on to suggest a pathogenic mechanism involving lack of IL-22-mediated inhibition of T cell-derived IFN-γ expression. Our results demonstrate a pathogenic role of IL-22BP in three species with a potential mechanism of action involving T cell polarization, suggesting a therapeutic potential of IL-22 in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - André O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahl Khalid Bedri
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Lindén
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nada Abdelmagid
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claire Hollins
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Irving
- High Content Imaging, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Colin Glover
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Jones
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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1075
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Norbye AD, Midgard R, Thrane G. Spasticity, gait, and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 25:e1799. [PMID: 31287210 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 80% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are affected by spasticity. Spasticity is known to reduce quality of life and contribute to additional symptoms, such as pain and reduced mobility, but the association between spasticity, balance, and mobility has not yet been established. Our aim was to examine whether a relationship exists between spasticity in the lower limbs, balance, and gait, as well as to explore the involvement of different muscle groups. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design. Thirty patients with MS were included. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used to examine spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors, knee extensors, and hip adductors. Balance was measured using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, and gait with the 2-Minute Walk Test. The participants were tested once with no additional follow-up. Spearman's correlation, recursive partitioning, and linear regression analyses were used to explore the association. RESULTS A significant correlation between gait distance and spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors (ρ = -.69, p < .001) and knee extensors (ρ = -.45, p = .012) was observed. Balance significantly correlated with spasticity in ankle plantar flexors (ρ = -.69, p < .001), knee extensors (ρ = -.52, p = .003), and hip adductors (ρ = -.5, p = .005). The relationship between spasticity in ankle plantar flexors and hip adductors was significant, even from low levels of spasticity, whereas MAS score ≥ 2 was clinically correlated with a decrease in gait and balance function. Adjustments for sex, age, or years since diagnosis had only minor impact on the results. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that spasticity in the lower limbs is clinically significantly associated with mobility in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Davis Norbye
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Molde, Norway.,Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Midgard
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Molde, Norway.,Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gyrd Thrane
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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1076
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Göttle P, Förster M, Weyers V, Küry P, Rejdak K, Hartung HP, Kremer D. An unmet clinical need: roads to remyelination in MS. Neurol Res Pract 2019; 1:21. [PMID: 33324887 PMCID: PMC7650135 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-019-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheaths stabilize, protect, and electrically insulate axons. However, in demyelinating autoimmune CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) these sheaths are destroyed which ultimately leads to neurodegeneration. The currently available immunomodulatory drugs for MS effectively control the (auto)inflammatory facets of the disease but are unable to regenerate myelin by stimulating remyelination via oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Accordingly, there is broad consensus that the implementation of new regenerative approaches constitutes the prime goal for future MS pharmacotherapy. Main text Of note, recent years have seen several promising clinical studies investigating the potential of substances and monoclonal antibodies such as, for instance, clemastine, opicinumab, biotin, simvastatin, quetiapin and anti-GNbAC1. However, beyond these agents which have often been re-purposed from other medical indications there is a multitude of further molecules influencing OPC homeostasis. Here, we therefore discuss these possibly beneficial regulators of OPC differentiation and assess their potential as new pharmacological targets for myelin repair in MS. Conclusion Remyelination remains the most important therapeutic treatment goal in MS in order to improve clinical deficits and to avert neurodegeneration. The promising molecules presented in this review have the potential to promote remyelination and therefore warrant further translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Weyers
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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1077
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Rooney S, Riemenschneider M, Dalgas U, Jørgensen MLK, Michelsen AS, Brønd JC, Hvid LG. Physical activity is associated with neuromuscular and physical function in patients with multiple sclerosis independent of disease severity. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:632-639. [PMID: 31282207 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1634768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the association between physical activity and neuromuscular and physical function in patients with multiple sclerosis when also considering disease severity. METHODS 91 patients with multiple sclerosis were enrolled. Assessments included physical activity by 7-day thigh-worn accelerometry, knee extensor neuromuscular function by dynamometry (maximal isometric muscle strength, rate of force development (0-50 ms)), and physical function by 5× sit-to-stand, 2-min walk test, and timed 25 ft walk test. Physical activity tertile comparisons along with simple and multiple regressions (adjusting for age, gender, EDSS, time since diagnosis) were performed. RESULTS Physical activity tertiles revealed differences (p < 0.05) in maximal muscle strength (1.77 ≈ 1.97 < 2.28 Nm/kg), rate of force development (4.66 < 8.03 ≈ 10.55 Nm/kg/s), 5× sit-to-stand (11.4 ≈ 9.7 > 8.5 s), 2-min walk test (153 < 183 < 207 m), and timed 25 ft walk test (6.3 > 4.4 > 4.3 s). Moreover, physical activity was associated (p < 0.05) with maximal muscle strength and rate of force development (r2 = 0.13-0.15) along with 5× sit-to-stand, 2-min walk test, and timed 25 ft walk test (r2 = 0.18-0.24), also after adjusting for age + gender + EDSS + time since diagnosis (r2 = 0.25-0.37 and 0.24-0.52), with physical activity consistently being a strong predictor. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of physical activity are associated with greater neuromuscular and physical function in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis independent of disease severity. These findings emphasize the importance of performing regular physical activity at all stages of multiple sclerosis.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPhysical activity is associated with neuromuscular and physical function, independent of disease severity.Physical activity may be important in improving or preserving neuromuscular and physical function at all stages of ambulatory multiple sclerosis patients, yet longitudinal studies are warranted.Clinicians and rehabilitation professionals should encourage ambulatory patients at all stages of their disease to be as physically active as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rooney
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Morten Riemenschneider
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Michelsen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan C Brønd
- Department of Sport Science and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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1078
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Fetisova EK, Muntyan MS, Lyamzaev KG, Chernyak BV. Therapeutic Effect of the Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 on the Culture Model of Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2082561. [PMID: 31354902 PMCID: PMC6636568 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2082561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration that affects both the white and gray matter of CNS. Recent large-scale epidemiological and genomic studies identified several genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease. Among them are environmental factors of infectious origin, possibly causing MS, which include Epstein-Barr virus infection, reactivation of some endogenous retrovirus groups, and infection by pathogenic bacteria (mycobacteria, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori). However, the nature of the events leading to the activation of immune cells in MS is mostly unknown and there is no effective therapy against the disease. Amazingly, whatever the cause of the disease, signs of damage to the nerve tissue with MS lesions were the same as with infectious leprosy, while in the latter case nitrozooxidative stress was suggested as the main cause of the nerve damage. With this in mind and following the hypothesis that excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species critically contributes to MS pathogenesis, we studied the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 in an in vitro MS model of the primary oligodendrocyte culture of the cerebellum, challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SkQ1 was found to accumulate in the mitochondria of oligodendrocytes and microglial cells, and it was also found to prevent LPS-induced inhibition of myelin production in oligodendrocytes. The results implicate that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants could be promising candidates as components of a combined therapy for MS and related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K. Fetisova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Muntyan
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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1079
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Ullah MF, Ahmad A, Bhat SH, Abu-Duhier FM, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. Impact of sex differences and gender specificity on behavioral characteristics and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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1080
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to inflammation, demyelination and ultimately axonal degeneration. In most cases, it is preceded by its precursor, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with conversion rates to clinically definite MS (CDMS) of roughly 20-75%. Neurologists are therefore faced with the challenge of initiating a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) as early as possible to favorably influence the course of the disease. During the past 20 years, a multitude of drugs have been incorporated into our therapeutic armamentarium for MS and CIS. Choosing the right drug for an individual patient is complex and should be based not only on the drug's overall efficacy to prevent disease progression but also its specific adverse reaction profile, the severity of individual disease courses and, finally, patient compliance in order to adequately weigh associated risks and benefits. Here, we review the available data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of DMTs tested for CIS and discuss their value regarding a delay of progression to CDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Graf
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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1081
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Voluntary wheel running reveals sex-specific nociceptive factors in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Pain 2019; 160:870-881. [PMID: 30540622 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, neurodegenerative autoimmune disease associated with sensory and motor dysfunction. Although estimates vary, ∼50% of patients with MS experience pain during their disease. The mechanisms underlying the development of pain are not fully understood, and no effective treatment for MS-related pain is available. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that voluntary exercise (wheel running) can reduce nociceptive behaviours at the disease onset in female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model used to study the immunopathogenesis of MS. However, given the established sex differences in the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain and MS, we wanted to investigate whether wheel running would also be effective at preventing nociceptive behaviours in male mice with EAE. C57BL/6 mice of both sexes were given access to running wheels for 1 hour/day until the disease onset, when nociceptive behaviour was assessed using von Frey hairs. Daily running effectively reduced nociceptive behaviour in female mice, but not in male mice. We explored the potential biological mechanisms for these effects and found that the reduction in nociceptive behaviour in female mice was associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines from myelin-reactive T cells as well as reduced dorsal root ganglia excitability as seen by decreased calcium responses. These changes were not seen in male mice. Instead, running increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and potentiated Ca responses in dorsal root ganglia cells. Our results show that voluntary wheel running has sex-dependent effects on nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory responses in male and female mice with EAE.
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1082
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Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis: Changing Paradigms in the Era of Novel Agents. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5840286. [PMID: 31341484 PMCID: PMC6612973 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5840286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is established as a standard of care for diseases ranging from hematological malignancies to other neoplastic pathologies and severe immunological deficiencies. In April 1995, our group performed the first AHSCT in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Since then, a plethora of studies have been published with encouraging but controversial results. Major challenges in the field include appropriate patient selection, improvements in AHSCT procedure, and timing of this treatment modality. Beyond AHSCT, several new intravenous or oral agents have been developed and approved over the last 20 years in MS. The emergence of multiple effective therapies for MS has created a challenging scenario for both treating physicians and patients. Novel cell-based therapies other than AHSCT are also currently investigated in MS patients with promising results. Our review is aimed at summarizing state-of-the-art knowledge on basic principles and results of AHSCT in MS and its role compared to novel agents.
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1083
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Peroni S, Sorosina M, Malhotra S, Clarelli F, Osiceanu AM, Ferrè L, Roostaei T, Rio J, Midaglia L, Villar LM, Álvarez-Cermeño JC, Guaschino C, Radaelli M, Citterio L, Lechner-Scott J, Spataro N, Navarro A, Martinelli V, Montalban X, Weiner HL, de Jager P, Comi G, Esposito F, Comabella M, Martinelli-Boneschi F. A pharmacogenetic study implicates NINJ2 in the response to Interferon-β in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1074-1082. [PMID: 31221001 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519851428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which biomarker identification is fundamental to predict response to treatments and to deliver the optimal drug to patients. We previously found an association between rs7298096, a polymorphism upstream to the NINJ2 gene, and the 4-year response to interferon-β (IFNβ) treatment in MS patients. OBJECTIVES To analyse the association between rs7298096 and time to first relapse (TTFR) during IFNβ therapy in MS patients and to better investigate its functional role. METHODS Survival analysis was applied in three MS cohorts from different countries (n = 1004). We also studied the role of the polymorphism on gene expression using GTEx portal and a luciferase assay. We interrogated GEO datasets to explore the relationship between NINJ2 expression, IFNβ and TTFR. RESULTS Rs7298096AA patients show a shorter TTFR than rs7298096G-carriers (Pmeta-analysis = 3 × 10-4, hazard ratio = 1.41). Moreover, rs7298096AA is associated with a higher NINJ2 expression in blood (p = 7.0 × 10-6), which was confirmed in vitro (p = 0.009). Finally, NINJ2 expression is downregulated by IFNβ treatment and related to TTFR. CONCLUSIONS Rs7298096 could influence MS disease activity during IFNβ treatment by modulating NINJ2 expression in blood. The gene encodes for an adhesion molecule involved in inflammation and endothelial cells activation, supporting its role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peroni
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sunny Malhotra
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferdinando Clarelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Osiceanu
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrè
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Roostaei
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordi Rio
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Midaglia
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa María Villar
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Álvarez-Cermeño
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Guaschino
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Division of Genetics and Cellular Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia/Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nino Spataro
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain/Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain/Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain/National Institute for Bioinformatics (INB), Barcelona, Spain/Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain/St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip de Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA/Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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1084
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Contarini G, Franceschini D, Facci L, Barbierato M, Giusti P, Zusso M. A co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin composite mitigates clinical score and disease-relevant molecular markers in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:126. [PMID: 31221190 PMCID: PMC6587257 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent and/or recurrent inflammatory processes are the main factor leading to multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The composite ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous N-acylethanolamine, combined with the flavonoid luteolin, PEALut, have been found to exert neuroprotective activities in experimental models of spinal and brain injury and Alzheimer disease, as well as a clinical improvement in human stroke patients. Furthermore, PEALut enhances the expression of different myelin proteins in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells suggesting that this composite might have protective effects in MS experimental models. Methods The mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) based on active immunization with a fragment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) was used. The daily assessment of clinical score and the expression of serum amyloid A (SAA1), proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as TLR2, Fpr2, CD137, CD3-γ, and TCR-ζ chain, heterodimers that form T cell surface glycoprotein (TCR), and cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, and MBP, were evaluated in the brainstem and cerebellum at different postimmunization days (PIDs). Results Vehicle-MOG35-55-immunized (MOG35-55) mice developed ascending paralysis which peaked several days later and persisted until the end of the experiment. PEALut, given intraperitoneally daily starting on day 11 post-immunization, dose-dependently improved clinical score over the range 0.1–5 mg/kg. The mRNA expression of SAA1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and NLRP3 were significantly increased in MOG35-55 mice at 14 PID. In MOG35-55 mice treated with 5 mg /kg PEALut, the increase of SAA1, TNF- α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ transcripts at 14 PID was statistically downregulated as compared to vehicle-MOG35-55 mice (p < 0.05). The expression of TLR2, Fpr2, CD137, CD3-γ, TCR-ζ chain, and CB2 receptors showed a significant upregulation in vehicle-MOG35-55 mice at 14 PID. Instead, CB1 and MBP transcripts have not changed in expression at any time. In MOG/PEALut-treated mice, TLR2, Fpr2, CD137, CD3-γ, TCR-ζ chain, and CB2 mRNAs were significantly downregulated as compared to vehicle MOG35-55 mice. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that the intraperitoneal administration of the composite PEALut significantly reduces the development of clinical signs in the MOG35-55 model of EAE. The dose-dependent improvement of clinical score induced by PEALut was associated with a reduction in transcript expression of the acute-phase protein SAA1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and NLRP3 proinflammatory proteins and TLR2, Fpr2, CD137, CD3-γ, TCR-ζ chain, and CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Contarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Present address: Selvita S.A. Park Life Science ul., Bobrzyńskiego, 14 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Barbierato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
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1085
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Association between suicide and multiple sclerosis: An updated meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:83-90. [PMID: 31233959 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether multiple sclerosis is associated with a higher rate of suicide remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk of suicide in multiple sclerosis patients based on meta-analysis of previously published data. METHODS We searched for studies that measured the suicide risk in multiple sclerosis patients compared with general population that were published up to 1 December 2018 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Sixteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to calculate suicide rate ratio (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS The association between suicide and multiple sclerosis was statistically significant with a pooled SRR 1.72 (95%CI 1.48-1.99, I-squared = 55.0%). Risk of suicide at diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (SRR 2.12, 95% CI 1.84-2.46; I-squared = 4.4%) was higher than the risk of suicide at symptom onset (SRR 1.69; 95% CI 1.43-2.00; I-squared = 0.0%). Gender may exert an influence on the impact of sex on the association between MS multiple sclerosis and suicide, but this requires is controversial and need more further studies to demonstrate. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows a significant association between suicide and multiple sclerosis, although ethnic and geographical differences were not considered. These findings should be confirmed and extended in future large studies.
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1086
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Atkinson KC, Lee JB, Hasselmann JPC, Kim SH, Drew A, Soto J, Katzenellenbogen JA, Harris NG, Obenaus A, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Diffusion tensor imaging identifies aspects of therapeutic estrogen receptor β ligand-induced remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104501. [PMID: 31226301 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to detect white matter degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease that presents with diffuse demyelination of the central nervous system. However, the utility of DTI in evaluating therapeutic remyelination has not yet been well-established. Here, we assessed the ability of DTI to distinguish between remyelination and neuroprotection following estrogen receptor β ligand (Indazole chloride, IndCl) treatment, which has been previously shown to stimulate functional remyelination, in the cuprizone (CPZ) diet mouse model of MS. Adult C57BL/6 J male and female mice received a normal diet (control), demyelination-inducing CPZ diet (9wkDM), or CPZ diet followed by two weeks of a normal diet (i.e., remyelination period) with either IndCl (RM + IndCl) or vehicle (RM + Veh) injections. We evaluated tissue microstructure of the corpus callosum utilizing in vivo and ex vivo DTI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for validation. Compared to control mice, the 9wkDM group showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), increased radial diffusivity (RD), and no changes in axial diffusivity (AD) both in vivo and ex vivo. Meanwhile, RM + IndCl groups showed increased FA and decreased RD ex vivo compared to the RM + Veh group, in accordance with the evidence of remyelination by IHC. In conclusion, the DTI technology used in the present study can identify some changes in myelination and is a valuable translational tool for evaluating MS pathophysiology and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Bin Lee
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alyson Drew
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Joselyn Soto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Neil G Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine at UCI, Irvine, CA, USA
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1087
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Outcomes after fingolimod to alemtuzumab treatment shift in relapsing-remitting MS patients: a multicentre cohort study. J Neurol 2019; 266:2440-2446. [PMID: 31209573 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high reactivation of multiple sclerosis (MS) was reported in patients treated with alemtuzumab after fingolimod. We aimed to understand whether this shift enhanced the risk for reactivation in a real-life cohort. METHODS Subjects with relapsing MS, shifting from fingolimod to alemtuzumab were enrolled. We collected the following data: age, sex, disease duration, relapses after fingolimod withdrawal, new T2/gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions in the last magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during fingolimod and in the first, while on alemtuzumab, lymphocyte counts at alemtuzumab start, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) before and after alemtuzumab. RESULTS We enrolled 77 patients (women 61 (79%); mean age 36.2 years (SD 9.6), and disease duration 12.3 years (SD 6.8) at fingolimod discontinuation; median washout 1.8 months). The annualised relapse rate was 0.89 during fingolimod, 1.32 during washout, and 0.15 after alemtuzumab (p = 0.001). The EDSS changed from a median of 3 (IQR 2-4) at the end of fingolimod to 2.5 after alemtuzumab (IQR 1.5-4) (p = 0.013). The washout length and the lymphocyte count before alemtuzumab were not associated with EDSS change after alemtuzumab (p = 0.59 and p = 0.33, respectively). MRI activity decreased after alemtuzumab compared to that during fingolimod (p = 0.001). At alemtuzumab start, lymphocyte counts were < 0.8 × 103/mL in 21 patients. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, alemtuzumab reduced relapse, new T2/Gd-enhancing lesions, and EDSS score, as compared to the previous periods (fingolimod/washout). These results were not related to washout length or lymphocyte counts. Therefore, a rapid initiation of alemtuzumab after fingolimod does not seem to be a risk factor for MS reactivation.
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1088
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Gentile A, De Vito F, Fresegna D, Rizzo FR, Bullitta S, Guadalupi L, Vanni V, Buttari F, Stampanoni Bassi M, Leuti A, Chiurchiù V, Marfia GA, Mandolesi G, Centonze D, Musella A. Peripheral T cells from multiple sclerosis patients trigger synaptotoxic alterations in central neurons. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:160-170. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - F. De Vito
- Unit of Neurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy
| | - D. Fresegna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - F. R. Rizzo
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - S. Bullitta
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - L. Guadalupi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - V. Vanni
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - F. Buttari
- Unit of Neurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy
| | | | - A. Leuti
- Department of Medicine Campus Bio‐Medico University of Rome Rome Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - V. Chiurchiù
- Department of Medicine Campus Bio‐Medico University of Rome Rome Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - G. A. Marfia
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit Department of Systems Medicine Tor Vergata University Rome Italy
| | - G. Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana and University San Raffaele Rome Italy
| | - D. Centonze
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Unit of Neurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy
| | - A. Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana and University San Raffaele Rome Italy
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1089
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The selective retinoic acid receptor-α agonist AM580 fails to control autoimmune neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:727-729. [PMID: 31160758 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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1090
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Martín-Montañez E, Pavia J, Valverde N, Boraldi F, Lara E, Oliver B, Hurtado-Guerrero I, Fernandez O, Garcia-Fernandez M. The S1P mimetic fingolimod phosphate regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:116-130. [PMID: 31035004 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is one of the few oral drugs available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of action proposed for this drug is based in the phosphorylation of the molecule to produce its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate (FP) which, in turns, through its interaction with S1P receptors, triggers the functional sequestration of T lymphocytes in lymphoid nodes. On the other hand, part if not most of the damage produced in MS and other neurological disorders seem to be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondria is one of the main sources of ROS. In the present work, we have evaluated the anti-oxidant profile of FP in a model of mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by menadione (Vitk3) on neuronal cultures. We provide evidence that incubation of neuronal cells with FP alleviates the Vitk3-induced toxicity, due to a decrease in mitochondrial ROS production. It also decreases regulated cell death triggered by imbalance in oxidative stress (restore values of advanced oxidation protein products and total thiol levels). Also restores mitochondrial function (cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate) and morphology. Furthermore, increases the expression and activity of protective factors (increases Nrf2, HO1 and Trx2 expression and GST and NQO1 activity), being some of these effects modulated by its interaction with the S1P receptor. FP seems to increase mitochondrial stability and restore mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of oxidative stress, making this drug a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases other than MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - J Pavia
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - N Valverde
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Lara
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - B Oliver
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - I Hurtado-Guerrero
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - O Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - M Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
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1091
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Use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells for neurodegenerative disease modeling and drug screening platform. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1305-1322. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a complex and mostly still unresolved pathology. This fact, together with the lack of reliable disease models, has precluded the development of effective therapies counteracting the disease progression. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells has revolutionized the field allowing the generation of disease-relevant neural cell types that can be used for disease modeling, drug screening and, possibly, cell transplantation purposes. In this Review, we discuss the applications of human pluripotent stem cells, the development of efficient protocols for the derivation of the different neural cells and their applicability for robust in vitro disease modeling and drug screening platforms for most common neurodegenerative conditions.
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1092
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Manjaly ZM, Harrison NA, Critchley HD, Do CT, Stefanics G, Wenderoth N, Lutterotti A, Müller A, Stephan KE. Pathophysiological and cognitive mechanisms of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:642-651. [PMID: 30683707 PMCID: PMC6581095 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), with a major impact on patients' quality of life. Currently, treatment proceeds by trial and error with limited success, probably due to the presence of multiple different underlying mechanisms. Recent neuroscientific advances offer the potential to develop tools for differentiating these mechanisms in individual patients and ultimately provide a principled basis for treatment selection. However, development of these tools for differential diagnosis will require guidance by pathophysiological and cognitive theories that propose mechanisms which can be assessed in individual patients. This article provides an overview of contemporary pathophysiological theories of fatigue in MS and discusses how the mechanisms they propose may become measurable with emerging technologies and thus lay a foundation for future personalised treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina-Mary Manjaly
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Cao Tri Do
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Stefanics
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Müller
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas Enno Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
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1093
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TÜCCAR T, KÜÇÜKKASAP CÖMERT T. Multiple Sklerozisde Biyotin Kullanımının Etkileri. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.450065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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1094
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Domperidone-induced elevation of serum prolactin levels and immune response in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:576974. [PMID: 31174092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing systemic prolactin levels improves remyelination and neuronal survival in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but it has been suggested that this therapeutic strategy may also increase inflammatory responses, and potentially harm patients. We analyzed serum prolactin and cytokine, chemokine and growth factor levels in sera from MS patients enrolled in two clinical trials who were treated with domperidone, a generic drug that increases systemic prolactin levels. In patients treated with domperidone, molecule levels changed little during follow up, while prolactin levels increased several-fold. We found no significant association between prolactin levels and radiological or clinical outcome.
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1095
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Li H, Hu F, Zhang Y, Li K. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of disease-modifying therapies in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Neurol 2019; 267:3489-3498. [PMID: 31129710 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The treatment of MS has always been a focus of neurological research. To date, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 15 medications for modifying the course of multiple sclerosis. In this study, we examined the effects of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on clinical outcomes. METHODS We did a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DMTs in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for RCTs published up to Oct 31, 2018. The primary outcome was efficacy (relapse rate over 24 months) and acceptability (treatment discontinuation due to adverse events over 24 months). FINDINGS We identified 23 suitable trials encompassing 14,096 participants. During the 2 years of follow-up, all drugs were significantly more effective than were placebos. The risk ratios with 95% credible intervals were as follows: alemtuzumab, 0.49 (0.40, 0.59); ocrelizumab, 0.49 (0.40, 0.61); mitoxantrone, 0.47 (0.27, 0.80); natalizumab, 0.51 (0.43, 0.61); fingolimod, 0.57 (0.50, 0.65); peginterferon beta-1a, 0.63 (0.52, 0.77); dimethyl fumarate, 0.65 (0.56, 0.74); teriflunomide 14 mg, 0.78 (0.66, 0.92); glatiramer acetate, 0.80 (0.72, 0.89); IFN β-1a (Rebif), 0.81 (0.72, 0.90); IFN β-1b (Betaseron), 0.81 (0.72, 0.91); teriflunomide 7 mg, 0.83 (0.71, 0.98); and IFN β-1a (Avonex). 0.87 (0.77, 0.99). Risk ratios compared with placebo for discontinuation due to adverse events ranged from 1.12 for the best drug (fingolimod) to 0.10 for the worst drug (mitoxantrone); from 0.24 (alemtuzumab) to 0.89 (IFNβ-1b [Betaseron]) for sustained (3-month) disability progression; and from 0.85 (natalizumab) to 1.25 (teriflunomide 14 mg) for the number of participants with serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION All DMTs were superior to placebo in reducing the relapse rate during the 2 years of follow-up. As to the comparison between drugs, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, natalizumab and fingolimod had a relatively higher response and lower dropout rates than did the other DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
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1096
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Abstract
Over the last decade, clinical registries have significantly contributed to the pool of evidence that supports management decisions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Being the largest international registry of multiple sclerosis and neuroimmunological disorders, MSBase collects demographic, clinical and limited paraclinical information from patients managed in different regions and under various circumstances. In this review, we will provide an overview of its published output, with focus on the information with impact on the management of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kalincik
- CORe, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia/Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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1097
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Validity and Reliability of Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in Indonesia and the Correlation with Quality of Life. Neurol Res Int 2019; 2019:4290352. [PMID: 31263596 PMCID: PMC6556319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4290352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can affect cognitive function that might interfere with quality of life. Processing speed and memory are the most common area of cognitive impairment. Cognitive evaluation in daily practice is often difficult to be performed since it needs neuropsychological expert and is time-consuming. Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is valid and practical for cognitive evaluation. This study aims to validate BICAMS in Indonesian MS patients and healthy controls (HC) and to analyse the effect of cognitive impairment on quality of life. Methods BICAMS, which composes Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Indonesian from the original BICAMS and then administered to 40 Indonesian MS patients and 66 HC matched by sex, age, and education. Test-retest reliability was performed on 16-MS patients and 42 HC. Quality of life was measured using Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54) instrument. Results The SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R score in MS patients were significantly lower than those in HC (effect size, r: 0.61, 0.36, and 0.47, respectively). Test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory with correlation coefficient for SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R in MS subjects 0.86, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. Using 5th percentile of HC score as cut-off, 15% MS subjects had impairment in one test, 27.5% in two tests, and 40% in three tests. BICAMS was moderately correlated with EDSS but was not correlated with disease duration and relapse rate. SDMT score correlated with physical function and physical and mental role limitation. Conclusion BICAMS is valid and reliable for assessing cognitive function of Indonesia MS patients.
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1098
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Hofer LS, Mariotto S, Wurth S, Ferrari S, Mancinelli CR, Delogu R, Monaco S, Gajofatto A, Schwaiger C, Rostasy K, Deisenhammer F, Höftberger R, Berger T, Reindl M. Distinct serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine profiles in autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2019; 5:2055217319848463. [PMID: 31205739 PMCID: PMC6537078 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319848463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system associated with
autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein
are mediated by different immunopathological mechanisms compared to multiple
sclerosis. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid
cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with autoantibodies against
aquaporin-4 or autoantibodies against
myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-associated demyelination compared to
multiple sclerosis and autoimmune encephalitis. Methods Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine levels were analysed using
Procartaplex Multiplex Immunoassays. First, we analysed a panel of 32
cytokines/chemokines in a discovery group (nine aquaporin-4-antibody
seropositive, nine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody
seropositive, eight encephalitis, 10 multiple sclerosis). Significantly
dysregulated cytokines/chemokines were validated in a second cohort (11
aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive, 18 myelin oligodendrocyte
glycoprotein-antibody seropositive, 18 encephalitis, 33 multiple
sclerosis). Results We found 11 significantly altered cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid
and serum samples in the discovery group (a proliferation-inducing ligand,
fractalkine=CX3CL1, growth-regulated oncogene-α, interleukin-1 receptor
antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8=CXCL8, interleukin-10,
interleukin-21, interferon-ɣ-induced protein-10=CXCL10, monokine induced by
interferon-ɣ=CXCL9, macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß=CCL4). Most of these
cytokines/chemokines were up-regulated in autoantibodies against aquaporin-4
or autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein positive
patients compared to multiple sclerosis. We confirmed these results for
cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 and serum interleukin-8, growth-regulated
oncogene-α, a proliferation-inducing ligand and macrophage inflammatory
protein-1β in the validation set. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis
revealed increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6, serum
interleukin-8 and growth-regulated oncogene-α in most patients with
autoantibody-associated neurological diseases. Conclusion This study suggests that distinctive cerebrospinal fluid and serum
cytokine/chemokine profiles are associated with autoantibody-mediated
demyelination, but not with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Hofer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Sebastian Wurth
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Rachele Delogu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Gajofatto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Kevin Rostasy
- Paediatric Neurology, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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1099
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Vaes JEG, Vink MA, de Theije CGM, Hoebeek FE, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CHA. The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31143126 PMCID: PMC6521595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological, and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploration of novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly sensitive to perinatal inflammation and cerebral oxygen fluctuations, leading to impaired OL differentiation and eventually myelination failure. OL lineage development under normal and pathological circumstances and the process of (re)myelination have been studied extensively over the years, often in the context of other adult and pediatric white matter pathologies such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have proposed stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to boost white matter regeneration as a potential strategy against a wide range of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss experimental studies focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to reduce white matter injury (WMI) in multiple adult and neonatal neurological diseases. What lessons have been learned from these previous studies and how can we translate this knowledge to application of MSCs for the injured white matter in the preterm infant? A perspective on the current state of stem cell therapy will be given and we will discuss different important considerations of MSCs including cellular sources, timing of treatment and administration routes. Furthermore, we reflect on optimization strategies that could potentially reinforce stem cell therapy, including preconditioning and genetic engineering of stem cells or using cell-free stem cell products, to optimize cell-based strategy for vulnerable preterm infants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit A Vink
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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1100
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Uccelli A, Laroni A, Brundin L, Clanet M, Fernandez O, Nabavi SM, Muraro PA, Oliveri RS, Radue EW, Sellner J, Soelberg Sorensen P, Sormani MP, Wuerfel JT, Battaglia MA, Freedman MS. MEsenchymal StEm cells for Multiple Sclerosis (MESEMS): a randomized, double blind, cross-over phase I/II clinical trial with autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the therapy of multiple sclerosis. Trials 2019; 20:263. [PMID: 31072380 PMCID: PMC6507027 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a degenerative component, leading to irreversible disability. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to prevent inflammation and neurodegeneration in animal models of MS, but no large phase II clinical trials have yet assessed the exploratory efficacy of MSC for MS. Methods/design This is an academic, investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-compared phase I/II clinical trial with autologous, bone-marrow derived MSC in MS. Enrolled subjects will receive autologous MSC at either baseline or at week 24, through a cross-over design. Primary co-objectives are to test safety and efficacy of MSC treatment compared to placebo at 6 months. Secondary objectives will evaluate the efficacy of MSC at clinical and MRI levels. In order to overcome funding constraints, the MEsenchymal StEm cells for Multiple Sclerosis (MESEMS) study has been designed to merge partially independent clinical trials, following harmonized protocols and sharing some key centralized procedures, including data collection and analyses. Discussion Results will provide patients and the scientific community with data on the safety and efficacy of MSC for MS. The innovative approach utilized to obtain funds to support the MESEMS trial could represent a new model to circumvent limitation of funds encountered by academic trials. Trial registration Andalusia: NCT01745783, registered on Dec 10, 2012. Badalona: NCT02035514 EudraCT, 2010–024081–21. Registered on 2012. Canada: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02239393. Registered on September 12, 2014. Copenhagen: EudraCT, 2012–000518-13. Registered on June 21, 2012. Italy: EudraCT, 2011–001295-19, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01854957. Retrospectively registered on May 16, 2013. London: Eudra CT 2012–002357-35, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01606215. Registered on May 25, 2012. Salzburg: EudraCT, 2015–000137-78. Registered on September 15, 2015. Stockholm: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01730547. Registered on November 21, 2012. Toulouse: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02403947. Registered on March 31, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3346-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alice Laroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lou Brundin
- Karolinska Institutet, R3:04 Karolinska University Hospital 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel Clanet
- CHU Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, INSERM UMR, 1043, Toulouse, France
| | - Oscar Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Royan, Iran.,ACCR, Iran and Regenerative Biomedicine Center, MS, Neurology Clinic and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto S Oliveri
- Cell Therapy Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ernst W Radue
- Medical Image Analysis Centre Basel (MIAC AG), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Per Soelberg Sorensen
- Danish MS Center Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Thomas Wuerfel
- Medical Image Analysis Centre Basel (MIAC AG), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario A Battaglia
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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