1101
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Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ at the Roots of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:783-803. [PMID: 27300434 PMCID: PMC6186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1289] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are highly related transcriptional regulators pervasively activated in human malignancies. Recent work indicates that, remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ are sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. A number of cancer-associated extrinsic and intrinsic cues conspire to overrule the YAP-inhibiting microenvironment of normal tissues, including changes in mechanotransduction, inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and regulation of the Hippo pathway. Addiction to YAP/TAZ thus potentially represents a central cancer vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
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1102
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Liu B, Zheng Y, Yin F, Yu J, Silverman N, Pan D. Toll Receptor-Mediated Hippo Signaling Controls Innate Immunity in Drosophila. Cell 2016; 164:406-19. [PMID: 26824654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway functions through Yorkie to control tissue growth and homeostasis. How this pathway regulates non-developmental processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we report an essential role for Hippo signaling in innate immunity whereby Yorkie directly regulates the transcription of the Drosophila IκB homolog, Cactus, in Toll receptor-mediated antimicrobial response. Loss of Hippo pathway tumor suppressors or activation of Yorkie in fat bodies, the Drosophila immune organ, leads to elevated cactus mRNA levels, decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides, and vulnerability to infection by Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, Gram-positive bacteria acutely activate Hippo-Yorkie signaling in fat bodies via the Toll-Myd88-Pelle cascade through Pelle-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of the Cka subunit of the Hippo-inhibitory STRIPAK PP2A complex. Our studies elucidate a Toll-mediated Hippo signaling pathway in antimicrobial response, highlight the importance of regulating IκB/Cactus transcription in innate immunity, and identify Gram-positive bacteria as extracellular stimuli of Hippo signaling under physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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1103
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YAP/TAZ as therapeutic targets in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:26-33. [PMID: 27262779 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biology and regulation of YAP and TAZ, two closely related transcriptional regulators, are receiving increasing attention owing to their fundamental roles in organ growth, tissue repair and cancer. In particular, the widespread activation of YAP/TAZ in carcinomas, and the crucial role of YAP/TAZ activation for many 'hallmarks' of cancer are indicating YAP/TAZ as prime targets for designing anti-cancer drugs. Here, we start from the known modalities to regulate YAP/TAZ to highlight possible routes of therapeutic intervention.
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1104
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Cheng JC, Chang HM, Liu PP, Leung PC. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in human granulosa cells through a S1P1/3-mediated YAP signaling. Cell Signal 2016; 28:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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1105
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Jia J, Li C, Luo S, Liu-Smith F, Yang J, Wang X, Wang N, Lai B, Lei T, Wang Q, Xiao S, Shao Y, Zheng Y. Yes-Associated Protein Contributes to the Development of Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Activation of RAS. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1267-1277. [PMID: 26902922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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1106
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a signalling cascade conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to mammals. The mammalian core kinase components comprise MST1 and MST2, SAV1, LATS1 and LATS2 and MOB1A and MOB1B. The transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and TAZ are the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway and regulate target gene expression. Hippo signalling has crucial roles in the control of organ size, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. Mammalian intestine consists of a stem cell compartment as well as differentiated cells, and its ability to regenerate rapidly after injury makes it an excellent model system to study tissue homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Several studies have established the important role of the Hippo pathway in these processes. In addition, crosstalk between Hippo and other signalling pathways provides tight, yet versatile, regulation of tissue homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize studies on the role of the Hippo pathway in the intestine on these physiological processes and the underlying mechanisms responsible, and discuss future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Hippo signalling in intestinal disease.
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1107
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Speight P, Kofler M, Szászi K, Kapus A. Context-dependent switch in chemo/mechanotransduction via multilevel crosstalk among cytoskeleton-regulated MRTF and TAZ and TGFβ-regulated Smad3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11642. [PMID: 27189435 PMCID: PMC4873981 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and TAZ are major mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators that link cytoskeleton organization to gene expression. Despite many similarities in their regulation, their physical and/or functional interactions are unknown. Here we show that MRTF and TAZ associate partly through a WW domain-dependent mechanism, and exhibit multilevel crosstalk affecting each other's expression, transport and transcriptional activity. Specifically, MRTF is essential for TAZ expression; TAZ and MRTF inhibit each other's cytosolic mobility and stimulus-induced nuclear accumulation; they antagonize each other's stimulatory effect on the α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) promoter, which harbours nearby cis-elements for both, but synergize on isolated TEAD-elements. Importantly, TAZ confers Smad3 sensitivity to the SMA promoter. Thus, TAZ is a context-dependent switch during mechanical versus mechano/chemical signalling, which inhibits stretch-induced but is indispensable for stretch+TGFβ-induced SMA expression. Crosstalk between these cytoskeleton-regulated factors seems critical for fine-tuning mechanical and mechanochemical transcriptional programmes underlying myofibroblast transition, wound healing and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Speight
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8.,Department Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5P 1T5
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1T8.,Department Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5P 1T5.,Department Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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1108
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Abstract
Obesity promotes breast cancer by enhancing the stiffness of breast adipose tissue through changes in the extracellular matrix (Seo et al., this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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1109
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Chen X, Stauffer S, Chen Y, Dong J. Ajuba Phosphorylation by CDK1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14761-72. [PMID: 27226586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified the adaptor protein Ajuba as a positive regulator of Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncogenic activity through inhibiting large tumor suppressor (Lats1/2) core kinases of the Hippo pathway, a signaling pathway that plays important roles in cancer. In this study, we define a novel mechanism for phospho-regulation of Ajuba in mitosis and its biological significance in cancer. We found that Ajuba is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at Ser(119) and Ser(175) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba controls the expression of multiple cell cycle regulators; however, it does not affect Hippo signaling activity, nor does it induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba is sufficient to promote cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo Collectively, our discoveries reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for Ajuba regulation in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Seth Stauffer
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Jixin Dong
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
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1110
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Liu N, Mei L, Fan X, Tang C, Ji X, Hu X, Shi W, Qian Y, Hussain M, Wu J, Wang C, Lin S, Wu X. Phosphodiesterase 5/protein kinase G signal governs stemness of prostate cancer stem cells through Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:38-50. [PMID: 27179930 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are critical for initiation, metastasis, and relapse of cancers, however, the underlying mechanism governing stemness of CSC remains unknown. Herein, we have investigated the roles of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in stemness of prostate cancer cells. Both PDE5 and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein-1 (TAZ), a core effector of Hippo pathway, are highly expressed in the PC3-derived cancer stem cells (PCSC). Either TAZ knockdown or inhibition of PDE5 activity attenuated colony formation, altered expression patterns of stem cell markers, and enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity, resulting in attenuation of stemness in PCSC. In addition, inhibition of PDE5 activity by its specific inhibitors activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), which in turn induces MST/LATS kinases, resulting in cytosolic degradation of TAZ and activation of Hippo pathway. Accordingly, knockdown of TAZ almost completely abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness in cultured PCSC, whereas knockdown of TAZ not only abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness but also facilitated PDE5 inhibitor-induced trans-differentiation in PCSC xenografts. Together, the present study has uncovered that PDE/cGMP/PKG signal targets to Hippo/TAZ pathway in maintaining stemness of PCSC, and suggested that PDE5 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents could effectively prevent initiation, metastasis, and relapse of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Shaoxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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1111
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Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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1112
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Tamura M, Nemoto E. Role of the Wnt signaling molecules in the tooth. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 52:75-83. [PMID: 28408959 PMCID: PMC5390339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in many processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. At least 19 types of Wnt ligands, receptors, transducers, transcription factors, and antagonists have been identified in mammals. Two distinct Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical signaling pathway and the noncanonical signaling pathway, have been described. Some Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development in humans and mice. Functional studies and experimental analysis of relevant animal models confirm the effects of Wnt signaling pathway on the regulation of developing tooth formation and adult tooth homeostasis. Mutations in some Wnt signaling pathway components have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. This review provides an overview of progress in elucidating the role of Wnt signaling pathway components in the tooth and the resulting possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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1113
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Environmental Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Their Effects in Models of Adult Liver Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4326194. [PMID: 27274734 PMCID: PMC4870370 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4326194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of environmental and dietary ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mature liver parenchymal cells is well appreciated, while considerably less attention has been paid to their impact on cell populations exhibiting phenotypic features of liver progenitor cells. Here, we discuss the results suggesting that the consequences of the AhR activation in the cellular models derived from bipotent liver progenitors could markedly differ from those in hepatocytes. In contact-inhibited liver progenitor cells, the AhR agonists induce a range of effects potentially linked with tumor promotion. They can stimulate cell cycle progression/proliferation and deregulate cell-to-cell communication, which is associated with downregulation of proteins forming gap junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes (such as connexin 43, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and plakoglobin), as well as with reduced cell adhesion and inhibition of intercellular communication. At the same time, toxic AhR ligands may affect the activity of the signaling pathways contributing to regulation of liver progenitor cell activation and/or differentiation, such as downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling, or upregulation of transcriptional targets of YAP/TAZ, the effectors of Hippo signaling pathway. These data illustrate the need to better understand the potential role of liver progenitors in the AhR-mediated liver carcinogenesis and tumor promotion.
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1114
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Sherratt MJ, McConnell JC, Streuli CH. Raised mammographic density: causative mechanisms and biological consequences. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:45. [PMID: 27142210 PMCID: PMC4855337 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mammographic density is the most important risk factor for breast cancer, after ageing. However, the composition, architecture, and mechanical properties of high X-ray density soft tissues, and the causative mechanisms resulting in different mammographic densities, are not well described. Moreover, it is not known how high breast density leads to increased susceptibility for cancer, or the extent to which it causes the genomic changes that characterise the disease. An understanding of these principals may lead to new diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sherratt
- Faculties of Life and Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - James C McConnell
- Faculties of Life and Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Faculties of Life and Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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1115
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Hoa L, Kulaberoglu Y, Gundogdu R, Cook D, Mavis M, Gomez M, Gomez V, Hergovich A. The characterisation of LATS2 kinase regulation in Hippo-YAP signalling. Cell Signal 2016; 28:488-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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1116
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Park HW, Kim YC, Yu B, Moroishi T, Mo JS, Plouffe SW, Meng Z, Lin KC, Yu FX, Alexander CM, Wang CY, Guan KL. Alternative Wnt Signaling Activates YAP/TAZ. Cell 2016; 162:780-94. [PMID: 26276632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ are key regulators of organ size and tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to human cancer. Here, we discover YAP/TAZ as bona fide downstream effectors of the alternative Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt5a/b and Wnt3a induce YAP/TAZ activation independent of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistically, we delineate the "alternative Wnt-YAP/TAZ signaling axis" that consists of Wnt-FZD/ROR-Gα12/13-Rho GTPases-Lats1/2 to promote YAP/TAZ activation and TEAD-mediated transcription. YAP/TAZ mediate the biological functions of alternative Wnt signaling, including gene expression, osteogenic differentiation, cell migration, and antagonism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Together, our work establishes YAP/TAZ as critical mediators of alternative Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cardiology, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jung-Soon Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kimberly C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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1117
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Zhan M, Ikeda JI, Wada N, Hori Y, Nojima S, Tahara SI, Ueda Y, Yoshino K, Kimura T, Morii E. Prognostic significance of a component of the Hippo pathway, TAZ, in human uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3611-3616. [PMID: 27284362 PMCID: PMC4887927 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a crucial component of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, interacting with transcriptional factors to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. TAZ and its paralog, Yes-associated protein (YAP), are activated at high frequencies during the progression towards malignancy in various tumors. Recently, YAP has been identified to modulate oncogenic features in endometrial adenocarcinoma, and it has also been reported that the nuclear expression of YAP is correlated with the poorly-differentiated form of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In contrast to YAP, no studies have investigated TAZ expression in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In the present study, TAZ expression was immunohistochemically examined in 55 clinical samples of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and the clinical implications were evaluated. The results demonstrated that TAZ was located primarily in the cell nuclei, and that high TAZ expression was significantly correlated with high tumor-factor (P=0.024), stage (P=0.041) and histological grade (P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.046), recurrence (P=0.002) and a poor prognosis (P=0.007). Furthermore, univariate analysis identified that high TAZ expression was a poor prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first to report the clinical implications of TAZ in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. TAZ may become a marker of a poor prognosis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hori
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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1118
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Ilyas SI, Yamada D, Hirsova P, Bronk SF, Werneburg NW, Krishnan A, Salim W, Zhang L, Trushina E, Truty MJ, Gores GJ. A Hippo and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Autocrine Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8031-47. [PMID: 26826125 PMCID: PMC4825008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have identified cross-talk between the Hippo and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) oncogenic signaling pathways in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization and up-regulation of canonical target genes was observed in CCA cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Expression of FGFR1, -2, and -4 was identified in human CCA cell lines, driven, in part, by YAP coactivation of TBX5. In turn, FGFR signaling in a cell line with minimal basal YAP expression induced its cellular protein expression and nuclear localization. Treatment of YAP-positive CCA cell lines with BGJ398, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, resulted in a decrease in YAP activation. FGFR activation of YAP appears to be driven largely by FGF5 activation of FGFR2, as siRNA silencing of this ligand or receptor, respectively, inhibited YAP nuclear localization. BGJ398 treatment of YAP-expressing cells induced cell death due to Mcl-1 depletion. In a YAP-associated mouse model of CCA, expression of FGFR 1, 2, and 4 was also significantly increased. Accordingly, BGJ398 treatment was tumor-suppressive in this model and in a YAP-positive PDX model. These preclinical data suggest not only that the YAP and Hippo signaling pathways culminate in an Mcl-1-regulated tumor survival pathway but also that nuclear YAP expression may be a biomarker to employ in FGFR-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera I Ilyas
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Petra Hirsova
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Steven F Bronk
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Nathan W Werneburg
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Warda Salim
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Liang Zhang
- the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - Mark J Truty
- the Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Gregory J Gores
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,
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1119
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Gandhirajan RK, Jain M, Walla B, Johnsen M, Bartram MP, Huynh Anh M, Rinschen MM, Benzing T, Schermer B. Cysteine S-Glutathionylation Promotes Stability and Activation of the Hippo Downstream Effector Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11596-607. [PMID: 27048650 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) are critical transcriptional co-activators downstream of the Hippo pathway involved in the regulation of organ size, tissue regeneration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent studies suggested common and distinct functions of TAZ and YAP and their diverse impact under several pathological conditions. Here we report differential regulation of TAZ and YAP in response to oxidative stress. H2O2 exposure leads to increased stability and activation of TAZ but not of YAP. H2O2 induces reversible S-glutathionylation at conserved cysteine residues within TAZ. We further demonstrate that TAZ S-glutathionylation is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated, TAZ-dependent TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) trans-activation. Lysophosphatidic acid, a physiological activator of YAP and TAZ, induces ROS elevation and, subsequently, TAZ S-glutathionylation, which promotes TAZ-mediated target gene expression. TAZ expression is essential for renal homeostasis in mice, and we identify basal TAZ S-glutathionylation in murine kidney lysates, which is elevated during ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo This induced nuclear localization of TAZ and increased expression of connective tissue growth factor. These results describe a novel mechanism by which ROS sustains total cellular levels of TAZ. This preferential regulation suggests TAZ to be a redox sensor of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Manaswita Jain
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Benedikt Walla
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Marc Johnsen
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Malte P Bartram
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Minh Huynh Anh
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Thomas Benzing
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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1120
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Vici P, Ercolani C, Di Benedetto A, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Gamucci T, Natoli C, Di Filippo F, Botti C, Barba M, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Topographic expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:62. [PMID: 27039292 PMCID: PMC4818869 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Hippo signaling acts as a tumor-suppressor pathway that negatively regulates TAZ and YAP. Increasing evidence supports the activation of TAZ and YAP in breast cancer. Moreover, the Hippo pathway is involved in the biology of non-neoplastic cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. On this basis, we herein assessed TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer and its surrounding microenvironemnt in order to investigate their impact on pathological complete response (pCR) and tumor recurrence. Methods Sixty-one triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. TAZ and YAP were assessed by immunohistochemistry and classified as positive or negative according to the percentage of tumor-expressing cells, cellular localization, and staining intensity. TAZ and YAP expression was also evaluated in non-lymphocytic stromal cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and endothelial cells. The Pearson’s Chi-squared test of independence was used to test the association between TAZ/YAP and clinical-molecular factors. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated to identify variables impacting pCR. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for estimating and comparing survival curves. Cox proportional regression models were built to evaluate the risk of recurrence for the variables considered. Internal validation was carried out with a re-sampling without replacement method. Results We did not observe any impact on pCR rate when TAZ and YAP were addressed singularly. Conversely, the combined expression of YAP in tumor cells and non-lymphocytic stromal cells was an independent predictor of reduced pCR rate in the multivariate model (OR 7.13, 95 % CI: 1.23–41.41, p = 0.029). Next, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariate analysis (HR 3.07, 95 % CI: 1.24–7.61, p = 0.016). The robustness of these findings were internally validated. Conclusions The combined expression of YAP in TNBC cells and in the surrounding stroma seems to be associated with a decreased likelihood to achieve pCR. Conversely, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP in tumor cells conferred poor survival outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Di Filippo
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Botti
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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1121
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Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1297-309. [PMID: 26884464 PMCID: PMC4836271 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00950-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanoforces experienced by an organ are translated into biological information for cellular sensing and response. In mammals, the tendon connective tissue experiences and resists physical forces, with tendon-specific mesenchymal cells called tenocytes orchestrating extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. We show that Mohawk (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, is essential in mechanoresponsive tenogenesis through regulation of its downstream ECM genes such as type I collagens and proteoglycans such as fibromodulin both in vivo and in vitro Wild-type (WT) mice demonstrated an increase in collagen fiber diameter and density in response to physical treadmill exercise, whereas in Mkx(-/-) mice, tendons failed to respond to the same mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, functional screening of the Mkx promoter region identified several upstream transcription factors that regulate Mkx In particular, general transcription factor II-I repeat domain-containing protein 1 (Gtf2ird1) that is expressed in the cytoplasm of unstressed tenocytes translocated into the nucleus upon mechanical stretching to activate the Mkx promoter through chromatin regulation. Here, we demonstrate that Gtf2ird1 is essential for Mkx transcription, while also linking mechanical forces to Mkx-mediated tendon homeostasis and regeneration.
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1122
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Buglioni S, Vici P, Sergi D, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Antoniani B, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Carosi M, Gamucci T, Vincenzoni C, Mariani L, Vizza E, Venuti A, Sanguineti G, Gadducci A, Barba M, Natoli C, Vitale I, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Analysis of the hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in cervical cancer and its microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1160187. [PMID: 27471633 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1160187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo is a tumor-suppressor pathway that negatively regulates the oncoproteins TAZ and YAP. Moreover, Hippo affects the biology of a variety of non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, even including immune cells. We herein assessed the predictive role of TAZ and YAP, assessed by immunohistochemistry, in 50 cervical cancer patients prevalently treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumors were classified as positive or negative according to the percentage of tumor-expressing cells and cellular localization. TAZ/YAP were also evaluated in non-neoplastic cells, namely endothelial cells, non-lymphocytic stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TAZ expression in cancer cells (TAZ(pos)) was associated with a reduced pathological complete response (pCR) rate (p = 0.041). Conversely, the expression of TAZ and YAP in TILs (TAZ(TIL+) and YAP(TIL+)) seemed to be associated with increased pCRs (p = 0.083 and p = 0.018, respectively). When testing the predictive significance of the concomitant expression of TAZ in cancer cells and its absence in TILs (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-)), patients with TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-) showed lower pCR rate (p = 0.001), as confirmed in multivariate analysis (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-): OR 8.67, 95% CI: 2.31-32.52, p = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis carried out in the 41 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy yielded comparable results (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-): OR 11.0, 95% CI: 2.42-49.91, p = 0.002). Internal validation carried out with two different procedures confirmed the robustness of this model. Overall, we found evidence on the association between TAZ expression in cervical cancer cells and reduced pCR rate. Conversely, the expression of the Hippo transducers in TILs may predict increased treatment efficacy, possibly mirroring the activation of a non-canonical Hippo/MST pathway necessary for T-cells activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Antoniani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Vincenzoni
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; HPV-UNIT, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-UNIT, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Department of Radiotherapy, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and CeSi-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University , Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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1123
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Lugli N, Kamileri I, Keogh A, Malinka T, Sarris ME, Talianidis I, Schaad O, Candinas D, Stroka D, Halazonetis TD. R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:769-79. [PMID: 26993089 PMCID: PMC5341509 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneering studies within the last few years have allowed the in vitro expansion of tissue‐specific adult stem cells from a variety of endoderm‐derived organs, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Expansion of these cells requires activation of the receptor Lgr5 by its ligand R‐spondin 1 and is likely facilitated by the fact that in healthy adults the stem cells in these organs are highly proliferative. In many other adult organs, such as the liver, proliferating cells are normally not abundant in adulthood. However, upon injury, the liver has a strong regenerative potential that is accompanied by the emergence of Lgr5‐positive stem cells; these cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro as organoids. In an effort to isolate stem cells from non‐regenerating mouse livers, we discovered that healthy gallbladders are a rich source of stem/progenitor cells that can be propagated in culture as organoids for more than a year. Growth of these organoids was stimulated by R‐spondin 1 and noggin, whereas in the absence of these growth factors, the organoids differentiated partially toward the hepatocyte fate. When transplanted under the liver capsule, gallbladder‐derived organoids maintained their architecture for 2 weeks. Furthermore, single cells prepared from dissociated organoids and injected into the mesenteric vein populated the liver parenchyma of carbon tetrachloride‐treated mice. Human gallbladders were also a source of organoid‐forming stem cells. Thus, under specific growth conditions, stem cells can be isolated from healthy gallbladders, expanded almost indefinitely in vitro, and induced to differentiate toward the hepatocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lugli
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland National Centre of Competence in Research "Frontiers in Genetics", Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Kamileri
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Malinka
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Schaad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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1124
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Abbassi L, Malki S, Cockburn K, Macaulay A, Robert C, Rossant J, Clarke HJ. Multiple Mechanisms Cooperate to Constitutively Exclude the Transcriptional Co-Activator YAP from the Nucleus During Murine Oogenesis. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:102. [PMID: 26985001 PMCID: PMC4939736 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction depends on the generation of healthy oocytes. Improving therapeutic strategies to prolong or rescue fertility depends on identifying the inter- and intracellular mechanisms that direct oocyte development under physiological conditions. Growth and proliferation of multiple cell types is regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway, whose chief effectors are the transcriptional co-activator YAP and its paralogue WWTR1. To resolve conflicting results concerning the potential role of Hippo in mammalian oocyte development, we systematically investigated the expression and localization of YAP in mouse oocytes. We report that that YAP is expressed in the germ cells beginning as early as Embryonic Day 15.5 and subsequently throughout pre- and postnatal oocyte development. However, YAP is restricted to the cytoplasm at all stages. YAP is phosphorylated at serine-112 in growing and fully grown oocytes, identifying a likely mechanistic basis for its nuclear exclusion, and becomes dephosphorylated at this site during meiotic maturation. Phosphorylation at serine-112 is regulated by a mechanism dependent on cyclic AMP and protein kinase A, which is known to be active in oocytes prior to maturation. Growing oocytes also contain a subpopulation of YAP, likely dephosphorylated, that is able enter the oocyte nucleus, but it is not retained there, implying that oocytes lack the cofactors required to retain YAP in the nucleus. Thus, although YAP is expressed throughout oocyte development, phosphorylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms cooperate to ensure that it does not accumulate in the nucleus. We conclude that nuclear YAP does not play a significant physiological role during oocyte development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Abbassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Safia Malki
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katie Cockburn
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Macaulay
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Robert
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hugh J Clarke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Department of Biology, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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1125
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Dubois F, Keller M, Calvayrac O, Soncin F, Hoa L, Hergovich A, Parrini MC, Mazières J, Vaisse-Lesteven M, Camonis J, Levallet G, Zalcman G. RASSF1A Suppresses the Invasion and Metastatic Potential of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting YAP Activation through the GEF-H1/RhoB Pathway. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1627-40. [PMID: 26759237 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A by promoter hypermethylation represents a key event underlying the initiation and progression of lung cancer. RASSF1A inactivation is also associated with poor prognosis and may promote metastatic spread. In this study, we investigated how RASSF1A inactivation conferred invasive phenotypes to human bronchial cells. RNAi-mediated silencing of RASSF1A induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fomenting a motile and invasive cellular phenotype in vitro and increased metastatic prowess in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that RASSF1A blocked tumor growth by stimulating cofilin/PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1, thereby stimulating its ability to activate the antimetastatic small GTPase RhoB. Furthermore, RASSF1A reduced nuclear accumulation of the Hippo pathway transcriptional cofactor Yes-associated protein (YAP), which was reinforced by RhoB activation. Collectively, our results indicated that RASSF1 acts to restrict EMT and invasion by indirectly controlling YAP nuclear shuttling and activation through a RhoB-regulated cytoskeletal remodeling process, with potential implications to delay the progression of RASSF1-hypermethylated lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie Universite, UMR1086 INSERM, Caen, France. Normandie Universite, UPRES-EA-2608, Caen, France
| | - Maureen Keller
- Normandie Universite, UMR1086 INSERM, Caen, France. Normandie Universite, UPRES-EA-2608, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Lily Hoa
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gérard Zalcman
- Normandie Universite, UMR1086 INSERM, Caen, France. Pneumologie et Oncologie thoracique, Hôpital Bichat, France.
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1126
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Grampa V, Delous M, Zaidan M, Odye G, Thomas S, Elkhartoufi N, Filhol E, Niel O, Silbermann F, Lebreton C, Collardeau-Frachon S, Rouvet I, Alessandri JL, Devisme L, Dieux-Coeslier A, Cordier MP, Capri Y, Khung-Savatovsky S, Sigaudy S, Salomon R, Antignac C, Gubler MC, Benmerah A, Terzi F, Attié-Bitach T, Jeanpierre C, Saunier S. Novel NEK8 Mutations Cause Severe Syndromic Renal Cystic Dysplasia through YAP Dysregulation. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005894. [PMID: 26967905 PMCID: PMC4788435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic multi-systemic disorders related to dysfunction of the primary cilium, a sensory organelle present at the cell surface that regulates key signaling pathways during development and tissue homeostasis. In order to identify novel genes whose mutations would cause severe developmental ciliopathies, >500 patients/fetuses were analyzed by a targeted high throughput sequencing approach allowing exome sequencing of >1200 ciliary genes. NEK8/NPHP9 mutations were identified in five cases with severe overlapping phenotypes including renal cystic dysplasia/hypodysplasia, situs inversus, cardiopathy with hypertrophic septum and bile duct paucity. These cases highlight a genotype-phenotype correlation, with missense and nonsense mutations associated with hypodysplasia and enlarged cystic organs, respectively. Functional analyses of NEK8 mutations in patient fibroblasts and mIMCD3 cells showed that these mutations differentially affect ciliogenesis, proliferation/apoptosis/DNA damage response, as well as epithelial morphogenesis. Notably, missense mutations exacerbated some of the defects due to NEK8 loss of function, highlighting their likely gain-of-function effect. We also showed that NEK8 missense and loss-of-function mutations differentially affect the regulation of the main Hippo signaling effector, YAP, as well as the expression of its target genes in patient fibroblasts and renal cells. YAP imbalance was also observed in enlarged spheroids of Nek8-invalidated renal epithelial cells grown in 3D culture, as well as in cystic kidneys of Jck mice. Moreover, co-injection of nek8 MO with WT or mutated NEK8-GFP RNA in zebrafish embryos led to shortened dorsally curved body axis, similar to embryos injected with human YAP RNA. Finally, treatment with Verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP transcriptional activity, partially rescued the 3D spheroid defects of Nek8-invalidated cells and the abnormalities of NEK8-overexpressing zebrafish embryos. Altogether, our study demonstrates that NEK8 human mutations cause major organ developmental defects due to altered ciliogenesis and cell differentiation/proliferation through deregulation of the Hippo pathway. Genes mutated in ciliopathies encode proteins with various localizations and functions at the primary cilium. Here we report novel NEK8 mutations in patients with renal cystic hypodysplasia and associated ciliopathy defects. NEK8 belongs to a protein complex defining the Inversin compartment of the cilium. It is also a negative regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway that controls organ growth. We report genotype-phenotype correlation in the patients. We functionally demonstrate that the two types of mutations (missense versus nonsense) differentially affect ciliogenesis, cell apoptosis and epithelialisation. We also show that all the mutations lead to dysregulation of the Hippo pathway through nuclear YAP imbalance but that the nature of this imbalance is different according to the type of mutation. We confirm alteration of the Hippo pathway associated with Nek8 mutation in vivo in Jck mice. Remarkably, we show that morphogenesis defects observed in Nek8 knockdown epithelial cells or zebrafish embryos are rescued by Verteporfin, a specific inhibitor of YAP transcriptional activity, demonstrating the causative role of YAP dysregulation in the occurrence of these defects. Altogether, this study links NEK8 mutations to dysregulation of the Hippo pathway and provide molecular clues to understand the variability of the multiorgan defects in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grampa
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gweltas Odye
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Niel
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Flora Silbermann
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Cellular Biotechnology Department and Biobank, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Louise Devisme
- Anatomopathological Department, CHRU Lille, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Cordier
- Department of Genetics, Femme Mère-Enfant Hospital, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Department of Genetics, CHU Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Multidisciplinary Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, La Timone Children’s Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Salomon
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
- Department of Histology-Embryology and Cytogenetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Jeanpierre
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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1127
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Maugeri-Saccà M, De Maria R. Hippo pathway and breast cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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1128
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Thompson R, Chan C. Signal transduction of the physical environment in the neural differentiation of stem cells. TECHNOLOGY 2016; 4:1-8. [PMID: 27785459 PMCID: PMC5077250 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547816400070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural differentiation is largely dependent on extracellular signals within the cell microenvironment. These extracellular signals are mainly in the form of soluble factors that activate intracellular signaling cascades that drive changes in the cell nucleus. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the physical microenvironment provides signals that can also influence lineage commitment and very low modulus surfaces has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing mechano-induced neural differentiation are still largely uncharacterized; however, a growing body of evidence indicates that physical stimuli can regulate known signaling cascades and transcription factors involved in neural differentiation. Understanding how the physical environment affects neural differentiation at the molecular level will enable research and design of materials that will eventually enhance neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, homogeneity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thompson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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1129
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Could drugs inhibiting the mevalonate pathway also target cancer stem cells? Drug Resist Updat 2016; 25:13-25. [PMID: 27155373 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the connection between metabolic pathways and cancer is very important for the development of new therapeutic approaches based on regulatory enzymes in pathways associated with tumorigenesis. The mevalonate cascade and its rate-liming enzyme HMG CoA-reductase has recently drawn the attention of cancer researchers because strong evidences arising mostly from epidemiologic studies, show that it could promote transformation. Hence, these studies pinpoint HMG CoA-reductase as a candidate proto-oncogene. Several recent epidemiological studies, in different populations, have proven that statins are beneficial for the treatment-outcome of various cancers, and may improve common cancer therapy strategies involving alkylating agents, and antimetabolites. Cancer stem cells/cancer initiating cells (CSC) are key to cancer progression and metastasis. Therefore, in the current review we address the different effects of statins on cancer stem cells. The mevalonate cascade is among the most pleiotropic, and highly interconnected signaling pathways. Through G-protein-coupled receptors (GRCP), it integrates extra-, and intracellular signals. The mevalonate pathway is implicated in cell stemness, cell proliferation, and organ size regulation through the Hippo pathway (e.g. Yap/Taz signaling axis). This pathway is a prime preventive target through the administration of statins for the prophylaxis of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Its prominent role in regulation of cell growth and stemness also invokes its role in cancer development and progression. The mevalonate pathway affects cancer metastasis in several ways by: (i) affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), (ii) affecting remodeling of the cytoskeleton as well as cell motility, (iii) affecting cell polarity (non-canonical Wnt/planar pathway), and (iv) modulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Herein we provide an overview of the mevalonate signaling network. We then briefly highlight diverse functions of various elements of this mevalonate pathway. We further discuss in detail the role of elements of the mevalonate cascade in stemness, carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastasis and maintenance of cancer stem cells.
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1130
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ZEB1 turns into a transcriptional activator by interacting with YAP1 in aggressive cancer types. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10498. [PMID: 26876920 PMCID: PMC4756710 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early dissemination, metastasis and therapy resistance are central hallmarks of aggressive cancer types and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. The EMT-inducing transcriptional repressor ZEB1 is a crucial stimulator of these processes, particularly by coupling the activation of cellular motility with stemness and survival properties. ZEB1 expression is associated with aggressive behaviour in many tumour types, but the potent effects cannot be solely explained by its proven function as a transcriptional repressor of epithelial genes. Here we describe a direct interaction of ZEB1 with the Hippo pathway effector YAP, but notably not with its paralogue TAZ. In consequence, ZEB1 switches its function to a transcriptional co-activator of a ‘common ZEB1/YAP target gene set', thereby linking two pathways with similar cancer promoting effects. This gene set is a predictor of poor survival, therapy resistance and increased metastatic risk in breast cancer, indicating the clinical relevance of our findings. The transcription factors ZEB1 and YAP function in different pathways yet both activate aggressive behaviour in cancer cells. Here, the authors describe that the proteins physically interact and that this changes the transcriptional activity of ZEB1 from a repressor to an activator.
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1131
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Ukita M, Yamaguchi T, Ohata N, Tamura M. Sclerostin Enhances Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3‐L1 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1419-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ukita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐8586Japan
- Department of Crown and Bridge ProsthodonticsGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐8586Japan
| | - Taihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Crown and Bridge ProsthodonticsGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐8586Japan
| | - Noboru Ohata
- Department of Crown and Bridge ProsthodonticsGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐8586Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐8586Japan
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1132
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Petrilli AM, Fernández-Valle C. Role of Merlin/NF2 inactivation in tumor biology. Oncogene 2016; 35:537-48. [PMID: 25893302 PMCID: PMC4615258 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Merlin (Moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein, also known as schwannomin) is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene NF2. Loss of function mutations or deletions in NF2 cause neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), a multiple tumor forming disease of the nervous system. NF2 is characterized by the development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Patients with NF2 can also develop schwannomas on other cranial and peripheral nerves, as well as meningiomas and ependymomas. The only potential treatment is surgery/radiosurgery, which often results in loss of function of the involved nerve. There is an urgent need for chemotherapies that slow or eliminate tumors and prevent their formation in NF2 patients. Interestingly NF2 mutations and merlin inactivation also occur in spontaneous schwannomas and meningiomas, as well as other types of cancer including mesothelioma, glioma multiforme, breast, colorectal, skin, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, hepatic and prostate cancer. Except for malignant mesotheliomas, the role of NF2 mutation or inactivation has not received much attention in cancer, and NF2 might be relevant for prognosis and future chemotherapeutic approaches. This review discusses the influence of merlin loss of function in NF2-related tumors and common human cancers. We also discuss the NF2 gene status and merlin signaling pathways affected in the different tumor types and the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis, progression and pharmacological resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M. Petrilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Cristina Fernández-Valle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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1133
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Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Bi Y, He TC. The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: implications in targeted cancer therapies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:116-36. [PMID: 26618721 PMCID: PMC4731283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the β-catenin dynamics as the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the 'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways. Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting the canonical WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
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1134
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Park R, Moon UY, Park JY, Hughes LJ, Johnson RL, Cho SH, Kim S. Yap is required for ependymal integrity and is suppressed in LPA-induced hydrocephalus. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10329. [PMID: 26754915 PMCID: PMC4729961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely generation and normal maturation of ependymal cells along the aqueduct are critical for preventing physical blockage between the third and fourth ventricles and the development of fetal non-communicating hydrocephalus. Our study identifies Yap, the downstream effector of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway, as a central regulator for generating developmentally controlled ependymal cells along the ventricular lining of the aqueduct. Yap function is necessary for proper proliferation of progenitors and apical attachment of ependymal precursor cells. Importantly, an injury signal initiated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an upstream regulator of Yap that can cause fetal haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, deregulates Yap in the developing aqueduct. LPA exposure leads to the loss of N-cadherin concentrations at the apical endfeet, which can be partially restored by forced Yap expression and more efficiently by phosphomimetic Yap. These results reveal a novel function of Yap in retaining tissue junctions during normal development and after fetal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehee Park
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Uk Yeol Moon
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Jun Young Park
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Lucinda J. Hughes
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Research Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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1135
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Das A, Fischer RS, Pan D, Waterman CM. YAP Nuclear Localization in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact Is Mediated by a Filamentous Actin-dependent, Myosin II- and Phospho-YAP-independent Pathway during Extracellular Matrix Mechanosensing. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6096-110. [PMID: 26757814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell contact inhibition and the mechanical environment of cells have both been shown to regulate YAP nuclear localization to modulate cell proliferation. Changes in cellular contractility by genetic, pharmacological, and matrix stiffness perturbations regulate YAP nuclear localization. However, because contractility and F-actin organization are interconnected cytoskeletal properties, it remains unclear which of these distinctly regulates YAP localization. Here we show that in the absence of cell-cell contact, actomyosin contractility suppresses YAP phosphorylation at Ser(112), however, neither loss of contractility nor increase in YAP phosphorylation is sufficient for its nuclear exclusion. We find that actin cytoskeletal integrity is essential for YAP nuclear localization, and can override phosphoregulation or contractility-mediated regulation of YAP nuclear localization. This actin-mediated regulation is conserved during mechanotransduction, as substrate compliance increased YAP phosphorylation and reduced cytoskeletal integrity leading to nuclear exclusion of both YAP and Ser(P)(112)-YAP. These data provide evidence for two actin-mediated pathways for YAP regulation; one in which actomyosin contractility regulates YAP phosphorylation, and a second that involves cytoskeletal integrity-mediated regulation of YAP nuclear localization independent of contractility. We suggest that in non-contact inhibited cells, this latter mechanism may be important in low stiffness regimes, such as may be encountered in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arupratan Das
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Robert S Fischer
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Duojia Pan
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Clare M Waterman
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
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1136
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Tamiya S, Kaplan HJ. Role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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1137
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Santinon G, Pocaterra A, Dupont S. Control of YAP/TAZ Activity by Metabolic and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:289-299. [PMID: 26750334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular function that can be reprogrammed by signaling pathways and oncogenes to meet cellular requirements. An emerging paradigm is that signaling and transcriptional networks can be in turn regulated by metabolism, allowing cells to coordinate their metabolism and behavior in an integrated manner. The activity of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, downstream transducers of the Hippo cascade and powerful pro-oncogenic factors, was recently found to be regulated by metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and mevalonate synthesis, and by the nutrient-sensing LKB1-AMPK and TSC-mTOR pathways. We discuss here current data linking YAP/TAZ to metabolism and suggest how this coupling might coordinate nutrient availability with genetic programs that sustain tissue growth, neoplastic cell proliferation, and tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Pocaterra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
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1138
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Di Agostino S, Sorrentino G, Ingallina E, Valenti F, Ferraiuolo M, Bicciato S, Piazza S, Strano S, Del Sal G, Blandino G. YAP enhances the pro-proliferative transcriptional activity of mutant p53 proteins. EMBO Rep 2015; 17:188-201. [PMID: 26691213 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 proteins are present in more than half of human cancers. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional regulator controlling organ growth, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Here, we report that these two determinants of human malignancy share common transcriptional signatures. YAP physically interacts with mutant p53 proteins in breast cancer cells and potentiates their pro-proliferative transcriptional activity. We found YAP as well as mutant p53 and the transcription factor NF-Y onto the regulatory regions of cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK1 genes. Either mutant p53 or YAP depletion down-regulates cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK1 gene expression and markedly slows the growth of diverse breast cancer cell lines. Pharmacologically induced cytoplasmic re-localization of YAP reduces the expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK1 genes both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, primary breast cancers carrying p53 mutations and displaying high YAP activity exhibit higher expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK1 genes when compared to wt-p53 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Agostino
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ingallina
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Valenti
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraiuolo
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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1139
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Huang Z, Wang Y, Hu G, Zhou J, Mei L, Xiong WC. YAP Is a Critical Inducer of SOCS3, Preventing Reactive Astrogliosis. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2299-2310. [PMID: 26679195 PMCID: PMC4830299 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional cofactor of the Hippo pathway, critical for the development of multiple organs. However, its role in the developing brain remains poorly understood. Here, we found that YAP was highly expressed in astrocytes and YAP deletion elevated the astrocytic activation in culture and in vivo, which was associated with microglial activation. At the molecular level, YAP in astrocytes was activated by IFNβ or ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which was necessary for IFNβ or CNTF induction of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) inflammatory pathway. YAP−/− astrocytes thus showed hyperactivation of the JAK–STAT inflammatory pathway and reactive astrogliosis. Expression of SOCS3 in YAP−/− astrocytes prevented the hyperactivation of STAT3 and partially restored the astrocytic activation. Finally, reactive astrogliosis was associated with blood–brain barrier dysfunction in YAP brain-selective knockout mice. Taken together, these results identify unrecognized functions of YAP in preventing reactive astrogliosis and reveal a pathway of YAP-SOCS for the negatively control of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine (Wenzhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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1140
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Bertero T, Cottrill KA, Annis S, Bhat B, Gochuico BR, Osorio JC, Rosas I, Haley KJ, Corey KE, Chung RT, Nelson Chau B, Chan SY. A YAP/TAZ-miR-130/301 molecular circuit exerts systems-level control of fibrosis in a network of human diseases and physiologic conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18277. [PMID: 26667495 PMCID: PMC4678880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular origins of fibrosis affecting multiple tissue beds remain incompletely defined. Previously, we delineated the critical role of the control of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening by the mechanosensitive microRNA-130/301 family, as activated by the YAP/TAZ co-transcription factors, in promoting pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that similar mechanisms may dictate fibrosis in other tissue beds beyond the pulmonary vasculature. Employing an in silico combination of microRNA target prediction, transcriptomic analysis of 137 human diseases and physiologic states, and advanced gene network modeling, we predicted the microRNA-130/301 family as a master regulator of fibrotic pathways across a cohort of seemingly disparate diseases and conditions. In two such diseases (pulmonary fibrosis and liver fibrosis), inhibition of microRNA-130/301 prevented the induction of ECM modification, YAP/TAZ, and downstream tissue fibrosis. Thus, mechanical forces act through a central feedback circuit between microRNA-130/301 and YAP/TAZ to sustain a common fibrotic phenotype across a network of human physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Such re-conceptualization of interconnections based on shared systems of disease and non-disease gene networks may have broad implications for future convergent diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Katherine A. Cottrill
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | - Juan C. Osorio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Haley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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1141
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Li L, Fang R, Liu B, Shi H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Ye L. Deacetylation of tumor-suppressor MST1 in Hippo pathway induces its degradation through HBXIP-elevated HDAC6 in promotion of breast cancer growth. Oncogene 2015; 35:4048-57. [PMID: 26657153 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduction or loss of tumor-suppressor mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) in Hippo pathway contributes to the tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism leading to reduction of MST1 in cancers remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is involved in the reduction of MST1 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays revealed that the expression of HBXIP was negatively associated with that of MST1 in 98 clinical breast tissue samples. Then we found that HBXIP could posttranslationally downregulate MST1 in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we identified that MST1 could be acetylated on its lysine 35 residue in the cells. Strikingly, the treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), markedly increased the levels of MST1 acetylation and protein in the cells. Interestingly, the oncoprotein HBXIP could significantly inhibit acetylation of MST1, resulting in the reduction of MST1 protein. Notably, we revealed that the HDAC6 could reduce the protein levels of MST1 through deacetylation modification of MST1 in the cells. Moreover, our data revealed that HBXIP upregulated HDAC6 at the levels of mRNA and protein by activating transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Deacetylation of MST1 promoted the interaction of MST1 with HSC70 in the cells, resulting in a lysosome-dependent degradation of MST1 via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Functionally, the reduction of tumor-suppressor MST1 mediated by HBXIP promoted the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus we conclude that the deacetylation of MST1 mediated by HBXIP-enhanced HDAC6 results in MST1 degradation in a CMA manner in promotion of breast cancer growth. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of tumor-suppressor MST1 reduction in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - R Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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1142
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Hansen CG, Ng YLD, Lam WLM, Plouffe SW, Guan KL. The Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ promote cell growth by modulating amino acid signaling to mTORC1. Cell Res 2015; 25:1299-313. [PMID: 26611634 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators and function as the major effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which controls cell growth, tissue homeostasis, and organ size. Here we show that YAP/TAZ play an essential role in amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation, particularly under nutrient-limiting conditions. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ act via the TEAD transcription factors to induce expression of the high-affinity leucine transporter LAT1, which is a heterodimeric complex of SLC7A5 and SLC3A2. Deletion of YAP/TAZ abolishes expression of LAT1 and reduces leucine uptake. Re-expression of SLC7A5 in YAP/TAZ knockout cells restores leucine uptake and mTORC1 activation. Moreover, SLC7A5 knockout cells phenocopies YAP/TAZ knockout cells which exhibit defective mTORC1 activation in response to amino acids. We further demonstrate that YAP/TAZ act through SLC7A5 to provide cells with a competitive growth advantage. Our study provides molecular insight into the mechanism of YAP/TAZ target genes in cell growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gram Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuen Lam Dora Ng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wai-Ling Macrina Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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1143
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Kim M, Kim M, Park SJ, Lee C, Lim DS. Role of Angiomotin-like 2 mono-ubiquitination on YAP inhibition. EMBO Rep 2015; 17:64-78. [PMID: 26598551 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LATS1/2 (large tumor suppressor) kinases and the Angiomotin family proteins are potent inhibitors of the YAP (yes-associated protein) oncoprotein, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report for the first time that USP9X is a deubiquitinase of Angiomotin-like 2 (AMOTL2) and that AMOTL2 mono-ubiquitination is required for YAP inhibition. USP9X knockdown increased the LATS-mediated phosphorylation of YAP and decreased the transcriptional output of YAP. Conversely, over-expression of USP9X reactivated YAP in densely cultured cells. Both genetic and biochemical approaches identified AMOTL2 as a target of USP9X. AMOTL2 was found to be ubiquitinated at K347 and K408, which both reside in the protein's coiled-coil domain. The AMOTL2 K347/408R mutant, which cannot be ubiquitinated, was impaired in its ability to inhibit YAP. Furthermore, ubiquitinated AMOTL2 can bind to the UBA domain of LATS kinase, and this domain is required for the function of LATS. Our results provide novel insights into the activation mechanisms of core Hippo pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miju Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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1144
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Rubin BP, Brockes J, Galliot B, Grossniklaus U, Lobo D, Mainardi M, Mirouze M, Prochiantz A, Steger A. A dynamic architecture of life. F1000Res 2015; 4:1288. [PMID: 26949518 PMCID: PMC4760269 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7315.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a profound conceptual transformation has occurred comprising different areas of biological research, leading to a novel understanding of life processes as much more dynamic and changeable. Discoveries in plants and animals, as well as novel experimental approaches, have prompted the research community to reconsider established concepts and paradigms. This development was taken as an incentive to organise a workshop in May 2014 at the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome. There, experts on epigenetics, regeneration, neuroplasticity, and computational biology, using different animal and plant models, presented their insights on important aspects of a dynamic architecture of life, which comprises all organisational levels of the organism. Their work demonstrates that a dynamic nature of life persists during the entire existence of the organism and permits animals and plants not only to fine-tune their response to particular environmental demands during development, but underlies their continuous capacity to do so. Here, a synthesis of the different findings and their relevance for biological thinking is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix P Rubin
- Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Brockes
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Marco Mainardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Physiology, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Mirouze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Chaire des Processus Morphogénétiques, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Angelika Steger
- Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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1145
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Sharif GM, Wellstein A. Cell density regulates cancer metastasis via the Hippo pathway. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3253-60. [PMID: 26561730 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to distant organs is the major cause of death in cancer patients. To disseminate, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, enter the blood stream and extravasate at distant organ sites such as the liver, lung, bone or brain. While cancer cells are known to evade contact inhibition during growth in culture, we found that cell density is still sensed and can signal through the Hippo pathway effectors LATS1 and YAP. These effectors control cancer cell invasive behavior into stromal tissues, expression of cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells and progression toward metastatic spread. In this perspective, we discuss the drivers and the significance of pathways controlled by cell growth density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Sharif
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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1146
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Rozycki M, Bialik JF, Speight P, Dan Q, Knudsen TET, Szeto SG, Yuen DA, Szászi K, Pedersen SF, Kapus A. Myocardin-related Transcription Factor Regulates Nox4 Protein Expression: LINKING CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION TO REDOX STATE. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:227-43. [PMID: 26555261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.674606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ-induced expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 is essential for fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Rho has been implicated in Nox4 regulation, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a Rho/actin polymerization-controlled coactivator of serum response factor, drives myofibroblast transition from various precursors. We have shown that TGFβ is necessary but insufficient for epithelial-myofibroblast transition in intact epithelia; the other prerequisite is the uncoupling of intercellular contacts, which induces Rho-dependent nuclear translocation of MRTF. Because the Nox4 promoter harbors a serum response factor/MRTF cis-element (CC(A/T)6GG box), we asked if MRTF (and thus cytoskeleton organization) could regulate Nox4 expression. We show that Nox4 protein is robustly induced in kidney tubular cells exclusively by combined application of contact uncoupling and TGFβ. Nox4 knockdown abrogates epithelial-myofibroblast transition-associated reactive oxygen species production. Laser capture microdissection reveals increased Nox4 expression in the tubular epithelium also during obstructive nephropathy. MRTF down-regulation/inhibition suppresses TGFβ/contact disruption-provoked Nox4 protein and mRNA expression, Nox4 promoter activation, and reactive oxygen species production. Mutation of the CC(A/T)6GG box eliminates the synergistic activation of the Nox4 promoter. Jasplakinolide-induced actin polymerization synergizes with TGFβ to facilitate MRTF-dependent Nox4 mRNA expression/promoter activation. Moreover, MRTF inhibition prevents Nox4 expression during TGFβ-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as well. Although necessary, MRTF is insufficient; Nox4 expression also requires TGFβ-activated Smad3 and TAZ/YAP, two contact- and cytoskeleton-regulated Smad3-interacting coactivators. Down-regulation/inhibition of TAZ/YAP mitigates injury-induced epithelial Nox4 expression in vitro and in vivo. These findings uncover new MRTF- and TAZ/YAP-dependent mechanisms, which link cytoskeleton remodeling and redox state and impact epithelial plasticity and myofibroblast transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rozycki
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Janne Folke Bialik
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pam Speight
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Qinghong Dan
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Teresa E T Knudsen
- the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Stephen G Szeto
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Darren A Yuen
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Katalin Szászi
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- the Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - András Kapus
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada and
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1147
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Bertero T, Cottrill KA, Lu Y, Haeger CM, Dieffenbach P, Annis S, Hale A, Bhat B, Kaimal V, Zhang YY, Graham BB, Kumar R, Saggar R, Saggar R, Wallace WD, Ross DJ, Black SM, Fratz S, Fineman JR, Vargas SO, Haley KJ, Waxman AB, Chau BN, Fredenburgh LE, Chan SY. Matrix Remodeling Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension through Feedback Mechanoactivation of the YAP/TAZ-miR-130/301 Circuit. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1016-32. [PMID: 26565914 PMCID: PMC4644508 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly vascular disease with enigmatic molecular origins. We found that vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening are early and pervasive processes that promote PH. In multiple pulmonary vascular cell types, such ECM stiffening induced the microRNA-130/301 family via activation of the co-transcription factors YAP and TAZ. MicroRNA-130/301 controlled a PPAR?-APOE-LRP8 axis, promoting collagen deposition and LOX-dependent remodeling and further upregulating YAP/TAZ via a mechanoactive feedback loop. In turn, ECM remodeling controlled pulmonary vascular cell crosstalk via such mechanotransduction, modulation of secreted vasoactive effectors, and regulation of associated microRNA pathways. In vivo, pharmacologic inhibition of microRNA-130/301, APOE, or LOX activity ameliorated ECM remodeling and PH. Thus, ECM remodeling, as controlled by the YAP/TAZ-miR-130/301 feedback circuit, is an early PH trigger and offers combinatorial therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Cottrill
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina M Haeger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Hale
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Ying-Yi Zhang
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajeev Saggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - W Dean Wallace
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David J Ross
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sohrab Fratz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, DeutschesHerzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen J Haley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron B Waxman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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1148
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Dupont S. Role of YAP/TAZ in cell-matrix adhesion-mediated signalling and mechanotransduction. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:42-53. [PMID: 26524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signalling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cellular input that sustains proliferation, opposes cell death and regulates differentiation. Through integrins, cells perceive both the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM. In particular, cell behaviour is profoundly influenced by the mechanical elasticity or stiffness of the ECM, which regulates the ability of cells to develop forces through their contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and to mature focal adhesions. This mechanosensing ability affects fundamental cellular functions, such that alterations of ECM stiffness is nowadays considered not a simple consequence of pathology, but a causative input driving aberrant cell behaviours. We here discuss recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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1149
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Pappalardo A, Porreca I, Caputi L, De Felice E, Schulte-Merker S, Zannini M, Sordino P. Thyroid development in zebrafish lacking Taz. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:268-78. [PMID: 26478012 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Taz is a signal-responsive transcriptional coregulator implicated in several biological functions, from chondrogenesis to regulation of organ size. Less well studied, however, is its role in thyroid formation. Here, we explored the in vivo effects on thyroid development of morpholino (MO)-mediated knockdown of wwtr1, the gene encoding zebrafish Taz. The wwtr1 gene is expressed in the thyroid primordium and pharyngeal tissue of developing zebrafish. Compared to mammalian cells, in which Taz promotes expression of thyroid transcription factors and thyroid differentiation genes, wwtr1 MO injection in zebrafish had little or no effect on the expression of thyroid transcription factors, and differentially altered the expression of thyroid differentiation genes. Analysis of wwtr1 morphants at later stages of development revealed that the number and the lumen of thyroid follicles, and the number of thyroid follicle cells, were significantly smaller. In addition, Taz-depleted larvae displayed patterning defects in ventral cranial vessels that correlate with lateral displacement of thyroid follicles. These findings indicate that the zebrafish Taz protein is needed for the normal differentiation of the thyroid and are the first to suggest that Taz confers growth advantage to the endocrine gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pappalardo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' - CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; IRGS, Biogem, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Caputi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' - CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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1150
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Kremer KN, Dudakovic A, Hess AD, Smith BD, Karp JE, Kaufmann SH, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ, Hedin KE. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Target the Leukemic Microenvironment by Enhancing a Nherf1-Protein Phosphatase 1α-TAZ Signaling Pathway in Osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29478-92. [PMID: 26491017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupting the protective signals provided by the bone marrow microenvironment will be critical for more effective combination drug therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cells of the osteoblast lineage that reside in the endosteal niche have been implicated in promoting survival of AML cells. Here, we investigated how to prevent this protective interaction. We previously showed that SDF-1, a chemokine abundant in the bone marrow, induces apoptosis of AML cells, unless the leukemic cells receive protective signals provided by differentiating osteoblasts (8, 10). We now identify a novel signaling pathway in differentiating osteoblasts that can be manipulated to disrupt the osteoblast-mediated protection of AML cells. Treating differentiating osteoblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) abrogated their ability to protect co-cultured AML cells from SDF-1-induced apoptosis. HDACi prominently up-regulated expression of the Nherf1 scaffold protein, which played a major role in preventing osteoblast-mediated protection of AML cells. Protein phosphatase-1α (PP1α) was identified as a novel Nherf1 interacting protein that acts as the downstream mediator of this response by promoting nuclear localization of the TAZ transcriptional modulator. Moreover, independent activation of either PP1α or TAZ was sufficient to prevent osteoblast-mediated protection of AML cells even in the absence of HDACi. Together, these results indicate that HDACi target the AML microenvironment by enhancing activation of the Nherf1-PP1α-TAZ pathway in osteoblasts. Selective drug targeting of this osteoblast signaling pathway may improve treatments of AML by rendering leukemic cells in the bone marrow more susceptible to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allan D Hess
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - B Douglas Smith
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Judith E Karp
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Oncology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Orthopedic Surgery, the Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Orthopedic Surgery, the Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and
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