1251
|
Serum CD121a (Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type I): A Potential Novel Inflammatory Marker for Coronary Heart Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131086. [PMID: 26098632 PMCID: PMC4476662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is now believed to be responsible for coronary heart disease (CHD). This belief has stimulated the evaluation of various inflammatory markers for predicting CHD. This study was designed to investigate the association between four inflammatory cytokines (CD121a, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, and IL-11) and CHD. Here, we evaluated 443 patients with CHD and 160 CHD-free controls who underwent coronary angiography. Cytokines were evaluated using flow cytometry, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate the association between cytokine levels and the risk of CHD. Patients with CHD had significantly higher levels of CD121a. The odds ratios for CHD according to increasing CD121a quartiles were 1.00, 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–2.72], 2.67 (95% CI: 1.47–4.84), and 4.71 (95% CI: 2.65–8.37) in an age- and sex-adjusted model, compared to 1.00, 1.48 (95% CI: 0.70–3.14), 2.25 (95% CI: 1.10–4.62), and 4.39 (95% CI: 2.19–8.79) in a model that was adjusted for multiple covariates. A comparison of the stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) subgroups revealed that patients with AMI had the highest CD121a levels, although IL-1β levels were similar across all groups. IL-8 levels were also increased in AMI patients, and IL-11 levels were higher in CHD patients than in non-CHD patients. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between CD121a, IL-8, and the Gensini score. Together, the significant increase in CD121a levels among CHD patients suggests that it may be a novel inflammatory marker for predicting CHD.
Collapse
|
1252
|
Shukla SK, Rose W, Schrodi SJ. Complex host genetic susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infections. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:529-36. [PMID: 26112911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the host genetic susceptibility to carriage of, and infections, due to Staphylococcus aureus, a nosocomial pathogen, is still in its nascent stages. Mouse models show variable susceptibility to S. aureus infections across mouse strains and disease models with roles for signaling pathways involving Toll-like receptors (TLR-1, TLR-2, and TLR-6), interleukins (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13), chemokines [CXC ligand (CXCL)-1 and CXCL-2], and T helper (Th)1/Th2 responses. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for carriage in humans identified SNPs in IL4, DEFB1, CRP, and VDR for persistent nasal carriage. NR3C1 haplotypes may either enhance risk or provide protection from colonization. GWASs for all S. aureus diseases have suggested roles for DAPK3, a kinase, and XRN1, a nuclease, while CDON could have a role in complicated bacteremia. More studies are needed to identify host susceptibility genes along with confirmation from functional assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Shukla
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue-MLR, Marshfield, WI, USA.
| | - Warren Rose
- Pharmacy Practice Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue-MLR, Marshfield, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1253
|
Niccoli L, Cassarà E, Kaloudi O, Nannini C, Romagnoli M, Cantini F. Systemic autoimmune disease in asbestosis rapidly responding to anti-interleukin-1beta antibody canakinumab: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:146. [PMID: 26071911 PMCID: PMC4465479 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestosis is characterized by lung and pleural fibrosis and by immune system dysregulation, with autoantibody production and systemic immune-mediated disease. No specific therapies are available for asbestosis. Recently, the pivotal pathogenic role exerted by interleukin-1beta has been recently reported. CASE PRESENTATION We treated with anti-interleukin 1 beta targeted antibody canakinumab a 67 year old man with asbestosis and long lasting systemic autoimmune features. A dramatic improvement in clinical manifestations was observed at 1 week after the first injection, with complete clinical remission at 4 months. CONCLUSION This case suggests new perspectives for the treatment of asbestosis and its systemic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niccoli
- Consultant in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cassarà
- Consultant in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Olga Kaloudi
- Consultant in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Nannini
- Consultant in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Micaela Romagnoli
- Consultant in Pneumology, Pneumologie et Addictologie CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve 191, Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Fabrizio Cantini
- Consultant in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
1254
|
Marques-Rocha JL, Samblas M, Milagro FI, Bressan J, Martínez JA, Marti A. Noncoding RNAs, cytokines, and inflammation-related diseases. FASEB J 2015; 29:3595-611. [PMID: 26065857 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the onset and development of many diseases, including obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, autoimmune and degenerative diseases, asthma, periodontitis, and cirrhosis. The inflammation process is mediated by chemokines, cytokines, and different inflammatory cells. Although the molecules and mechanisms that regulate this primary defense mechanism are not fully understood, recent findings offer a putative role of noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in the progression and management of the inflammatory response. These noncoding RNAs are crucial for the stability and maintenance of gene expression patterns that characterize some cell types, tissues, and biologic responses. Several miRNAs, such as miR-126, miR-132, miR-146, miR-155, and miR-221, have emerged as important transcriptional regulators of some inflammation-related mediators. Additionally, little is known about the involvement of long noncoding RNAs, long intergenic noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in inflammation-mediated processes and the homeostatic imbalance associated with metabolic disorders. These noncoding RNAs are emerging as biomarkers with diagnosis value, in prognosis protocols, or in the personalized treatment of inflammation-related alterations. In this context, this review summarizes findings in the field, highlighting those noncoding RNAs that regulate inflammation, with emphasis on recognized mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. The down-regulation or antagonism of the noncoding RNAs and the administration of exogenous miRNAs could be, in the near future, a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Marques-Rocha
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirian Samblas
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josefina Bressan
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- *Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
1255
|
Nerlich A, Ruangkiattikul N, Laarmann K, Janze N, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Goethe R. C/EBPβ is a transcriptional key regulator of IL-36α in murine macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:966-78. [PMID: 26066982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36α - one of the novel members of the IL-1 family of cytokines - is a potent regulator of dendritic and T cells and plays an important role in inflammatory processes like experimental skin inflammation in mice and in mouse models for human psoriasis. Here, we demonstrate that C/EBPβ, a transcription factor required for the selective expression of inflammatory genes, is a key activator of the Il36A gene in murine macrophages. RNAi-mediated suppression of C/EBPβ expression in macrophages (C/EBPβ(low) cells) significantly impaired Il36A gene induction following challenge with LPS. Despite the presence of five predicted C/EBP binding sites, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that C/EBPβ confers responsiveness to LPS primarily through a half-CRE•C/EBP element in the proximal Il36A promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that C/EBPβ but not CREB proteins interact with this critical half-CRE•C/EBP element. In addition, overexpression of C/EBPβ in C/EBPβ(low) cells enhanced the expression of Il36A whereas CREB-1 had no effect. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that C/EBPβ but neither CREB-1, ATF-2 nor ATF4 is directly recruited to the proximal promoter region of the Il36A gene. Together, these findings demonstrate an essential role of C/EBPβ in the regulation of the Il36A gene via the proximal half-CRE•C/EBP element in response to inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nanthapon Ruangkiattikul
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Laarmann
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Janze
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf -Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1256
|
de Carli ML, Miyazawa M, Nonogaki S, Shirata NK, Oliveira DT, Pereira AAC, Hanemann JAC. M2 macrophages and inflammatory cells in oral lesions of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:141-7. [PMID: 26041558 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) and associated with deficient cellular immune response, which is modulated by inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, and cytokines. Recently, the comprehension of the macrophage polarization mediated by Th1 and Th2 cytokines has contributed to elucidate the immune response that takes part in some diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of Th1- and Th2-immune response and also Pb counting in oral lesions of chronic PCM. METHODS Forty-eight cases of chronic PCM oral lesions were included. All cases were classified as loose or dense granulomas. S100 protein, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CD163 and CD68 immunoexpressions, and Pb localization were evaluated. The fungi present in the tissue were quantified by anti-Pb antibody. RESULTS Most patients were white men with mean age of 47 years old and showed higher incidence of multiple lesions. Loose granulomas were predominant and exhibited a great amount of M2 macrophages, which were visualized with anti-CD163 antibody. The expression for CD163 and CD68 was similar (P = 0.05), highlighting the predominance of M2 macrophages in PCM. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α immunoexpression did not significantly change with CD163, CD68, and S100 protein. The number of fungi was significantly higher in cases with intense IL-1β immunoexpression (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS M2-activated macrophages were the majority among inflammatory cells in chronic PCM, characterizing the action of a Th2-immune response. Nevertheless, Th1 cytokines were also found; mainly IL-1β, which was associated with fungi counting in oral lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lara de Carli
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Tostes Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology- Area of Pathology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1257
|
Wynn JL, Guthrie SO, Wong HR, Lahni P, Ungaro R, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Moldawer LL. Postnatal Age Is a Critical Determinant of the Neonatal Host Response to Sepsis. Mol Med 2015; 21:496-504. [PMID: 26052715 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates manifest a unique host response to sepsis even among other children. Preterm neonates may experience sepsis soon after birth or during often-protracted birth hospitalizations as they attain physiologic maturity. We examined the transcriptome using genome-wide expression profiling on prospectively collected peripheral blood samples from infants evaluated for sepsis within 24 h after clinical presentation. Simultaneous plasma samples were examined for alterations in inflammatory mediators. Group designation (sepsis or uninfected) was determined retrospectively on the basis of clinical exam and laboratory results over the next 72 h from the time of evaluation. Unsupervised analysis showed the major node of separation between groups was timing of sepsis episode relative to birth (early, <3 d, or late, ≥3 d). Principal component analyses revealed significant differences between patients with early or late sepsis despite the presence of similar key immunologic pathway aberrations in both groups. Unique to neonates, the uninfected state and host response to sepsis is significantly affected by timing relative to birth. Future therapeutic approaches may need to be tailored to the timing of the infectious event based on postnatal age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott O Guthrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Ayers Children's Medical Center, Jackson-Madison County General Hospital, Jackson, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hector R Wong
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - M Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
1258
|
Brunner SM, Rubner C, Kesselring R, Martin M, Griesshammer E, Ruemmele P, Stempfl T, Teufel A, Schlitt HJ, Fichtner-Feigl S. Tumor-infiltrating, interleukin-33-producing effector-memory CD8(+) T cells in resected hepatocellular carcinoma prolong patient survival. Hepatology 2015; 61:1957-67. [PMID: 25645298 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine with pleiotropic functions, is elevated in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated the effects of local IL-33 expression in resected HCC on patient survival and on the immunological and molecular tumor microenvironment. Tissue of resected HCCs was stained for hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, alpha-smooth muscle actin, IL-33, CD8, and IL-13 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Besides histomorphologic evaluation, the immunohistochemical stainings were analyzed for the respective cell numbers separately for tumor area, infiltrative margin, and distant liver stroma. These findings were correlated with clinical data and patient outcome. Further, gene expression of different HCC risk groups was compared using microarrays. In multivariable analysis, infiltration of HCCs by IL-33(+) cells (P = 0.032) and CD8(+) cells (P = 0.014) independently was associated with prolonged patient survival. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cytotoxically active subpopulations of CD8(+) cells, in particular CD8(+) CD62L(-) KLRG1(+) CD107a(+) effector-memory cells, are the main producers of IL-33 in these HCC patients. Using infiltration by IL-33(+) and CD8(+) cells as two separate factors, an HCC immune score was designed and evaluated that stratified patient survival (P = 0.0004). This HCC immune score identified high- and low-risk patients who differ in gene expression profiles (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Infiltration of HCCs by IL-33(+) and CD8(+) cells is independently associated with prolonged patient survival. We suggest that this is due to an induction of highly effective, cytotoxically active CD8(+) CD62L(-) KLRG1(+) CD107a(+) effector-memory cells producing IL-33. Based on these two independent factors, we established an HCC immune score that provides risk stratification for HCC patients and can be used in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rubner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Martin
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Griesshammer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ruemmele
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stempfl
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Interventional Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1259
|
Isailovic N, Daigo K, Mantovani A, Selmi C. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J Autoimmun 2015; 60:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
1260
|
Afonina I, Müller C, Martin S, Beyaert R. Proteolytic Processing of Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines: Variations on a Common Theme. Immunity 2015; 42:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
1261
|
Murai H, Okazaki S, Hayashi H, Kawakita A, Hosoki K, Yasutomi M, Sur S, Ohshima Y. Alternaria extract activates autophagy that induces IL-18 release from airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:969-974. [PMID: 26032499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a major outdoor allergen that causes allergic airway diseases. Alternaria extract (ALT-E) has been shown to induce airway epithelial cells to release IL-18 and thereby initiate Th2-type responses. We investigated the underlying mechanisms involved in IL-18 release from ALT-E-stimulated airway epithelial cells. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were stimulated with ALT-E in the presence of different inhibitors of autophagy or caspases. IL-18 levels in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. The numbers of autophagosomes, an LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, and p62 degradation were determined by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin, which inhibit the formation of preautophagosomal structures and autolysosomes, respectively, suppressed ALT-E-induced IL-18 release by cells, whereas caspase 1 and 8 inhibitors did not. ALT-E-stimulation increased autophagosome formation, LC-3 conversion, and p62 degradation in airway epithelial cells. LPS-stimulation induced the LC3 conversion in A549 cells, but did not induce IL-18 release or p62 degradation. Unlike LPS, ALT-E induced airway epithelial cells to release IL-18 via an autophagy dependent, caspase 1 and 8 independent pathway. Although autophagy has been shown to negatively regulate canonical inflammasome activity in TLR-stimulated macrophages, our data indicates that this process is an unconventional mechanism of IL-18 secretion by airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Murai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shintaro Okazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan
| | - Hisako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawakita
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan
| | - Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Motoko Yasutomi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yusei Ohshima
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimo-Aizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 911-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
1262
|
Ghonime MG, Mitra S, Eldomany RA, Wewers MD, Gavrilin MA. Inflammasome priming is similar for francisella species that differentially induce inflammasome activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127278. [PMID: 25993107 PMCID: PMC4436270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is a two-step process where step one, priming, prepares the inflammasome for its subsequent activation, by step two. Classically step one can be induced by LPS priming followed by step two, high dose ATP. Furthermore, when IL-18 processing is used as the inflammasome readout, priming occurs before new protein synthesis. In this context, how intracellular pathogens such as Francisella activate the inflammasome is incompletely understood, particularly regarding the relative importance of priming versus activation steps. To better understand these events we compared Francisella strains that differ in virulence and ability to induce inflammasome activation for their relative effects on step one vs. step two. When using the rapid priming model, i.e., 30 min priming by live or heat killed Francisella strains (step 1), followed by ATP (step 2), we found no difference in IL-18 release, p20 caspase-1 release and ASC oligomerization between Francisella strains (F. novicida, F. holarctica -LVS and F. tularensis Schu S4). This priming is fast, independent of bacteria viability, internalization and phagosome escape, but requires TLR2-mediated ERK phosphorylation. In contrast to their efficient priming capacity, Francisella strains LVS and Schu S4 were impaired in inflammasome triggering compared to F. novicida. Thus, observed differences in inflammasome activation by F. novicida, LVS and Schu S4 depend not on differences in priming but rather on their propensity to trigger the primed inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed G. Ghonime
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Srabani Mitra
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
| | - Ramadan A. Eldomany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mark D. Wewers
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
- * E-mail: and
| | - Mikhail A. Gavrilin
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
- * E-mail: and
| |
Collapse
|
1263
|
Ambrosini P, Loiacono F, Conte R, Moretta L, Vitale C, Mingari MC. IL-1β inhibits ILC3 while favoring NK-cell maturation of umbilical cord blood CD34+precursors. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2061-71. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ambrosini
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES); Università degli Studi di Genova; Genova Italy
- UO Immunologia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AOUSM-IST); Genova Italy
| | - Fabrizio Loiacono
- UO Immunologia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AOUSM-IST); Genova Italy
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Romana Conte
- UO Immunologia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AOUSM-IST); Genova Italy
| | | | - Chiara Vitale
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES); Università degli Studi di Genova; Genova Italy
- UO Immunologia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AOUSM-IST); Genova Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES); Università degli Studi di Genova; Genova Italy
- UO Immunologia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AOUSM-IST); Genova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
1264
|
Cocita C, Guiton R, Bessou G, Chasson L, Boyron M, Crozat K, Dalod M. Natural Killer Cell Sensing of Infected Cells Compensates for MyD88 Deficiency but Not IFN-I Activity in Resistance to Mouse Cytomegalovirus. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004897. [PMID: 25954804 PMCID: PMC4425567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and natural killer (NK) cells both contribute to resistance to systemic infections with herpes viruses including mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV). pDCs are the major source of type I IFN (IFN-I) during MCMV infection. This response requires pDC-intrinsic MyD88-dependent signaling by Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9. Provided that they express appropriate recognition receptors such as Ly49H, NK cells can directly sense and kill MCMV-infected cells. The loss of any one of these responses increases susceptibility to infection. However, the relative importance of these antiviral immune responses and how they are related remain unclear. In humans, while IFN-I responses are essential, MyD88 is dispensable for antiviral immunity. Hence, a higher redundancy has been proposed in the mechanisms promoting protective immune responses against systemic infections by herpes viruses during natural infections in humans. It has been assumed, but not proven, that mice fail to mount protective MyD88-independent IFN-I responses. In humans, the mechanism that compensates MyD88 deficiency has not been elucidated. To address these issues, we compared resistance to MCMV infection and immune responses between mouse strains deficient for MyD88, the IFN-I receptor and/or Ly49H. We show that selective depletion of pDC or genetic deficiencies for MyD88 or TLR9 drastically decreased production of IFN-I, but not the protective antiviral responses. Moreover, MyD88, but not IFN-I receptor, deficiency could largely be compensated by Ly49H-mediated antiviral NK cell responses. Thus, contrary to the current dogma but consistent with the situation in humans, we conclude that, in mice, in our experimental settings, MyD88 is redundant for IFN-I responses and overall defense against a systemic herpes virus infection. Moreover, we identified direct NK cell sensing of infected cells as one mechanism able to compensate for MyD88 deficiency in mice. Similar mechanisms likely contribute to protect MyD88- or IRAK4-deficient patients from viral infections. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are innate cytokines crucial for vertebrate antiviral defenses. IFN-I exert antiviral effector functions and orchestrate antiviral immunity. IFN-I are induced early after infection, upon sensing of viral particles or infected cells by immune receptors. Intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLR) are selectively expressed in specialized immune cell types such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), enabling them to copiously produce IFN-I upon detection of engulfed viral nucleic acids. pDC or intracellular TLR have been reported to be crucial for resistance to experimental infections with many viruses in mice but dispensable for resistance to natural infections in humans. Our aim was to investigate this puzzling difference. Mice deficient for TLR activity mounted strong IFN-I responses despite producing very low IFN-I levels and controlled the infection by a moderate dose of murine cytomegalovirus much better than mice deficient for IFN-I responses. Deficient TLR responses could be compensated by direct recognition of infected cells by natural killer cells. Hence, we identified experimental conditions in mice mimicking the lack of requirement of TLR functions for antiviral defense observed in humans. We used these experimental models to advance our basic understanding of antiviral immunity in a way that might help improve treatments for patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Herpesviridae Infections/blood
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/metabolism
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/metabolism
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/virology
- Interferon Type I/blood
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- Muromegalovirus/physiology
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/deficiency
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/deficiency
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/metabolism
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/agonists
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/virology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/deficiency
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Cocita
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Marilyn Boyron
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UNIV UM2, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1265
|
Yu Y, Deng W, Lei J. Interleukin-33 promotes Th2 immune responses in infected mice with Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2911-8. [PMID: 25944738 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
IL-33, a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is associated with many infectious diseases. IL-33 not only is crucial for induction of Th2 polarized responses, but also is involved in induction of inflammation as a proinflammatory cytokine. Whether IL-33 leads to beneficial or worsening outcomes depends on the immune mechanism underlying the pathogensis of each disease condition. This study was to elucidate the role of IL-33 in schistosomiasis japonica in a mouse model. Our results demonstrated that serum levels of IL-33 from infected mice with Schistosoma japonicum began to rise at 1 week postinfection (pi) and reached a peak in 7 weeks pi, and then remained a plateau for 2 weeks, after which its level gradually decreased until 12 weeks pi. Compared with the infection control, exogenous IL-33 administration could increase a Th2 polarized immune response (evidenced by higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, along with lower level of IFN-γ) at 6 weeks pi. Meanwhile, this Th2 polarization was associated with higher infection intensity and liver immunopathology in infected mice, whereas injection of anti-IL-33 mAb into infected mice induced adverse effects on these above immune parameters and immunopathology. These data suggest that IL-33 might act as an inducer of Th2 polarization and plays a crucial role in immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis japonica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Xinhua Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
1266
|
Theoharides TC, Petra AI, Taracanova A, Panagiotidou S, Conti P. Targeting IL-33 in autoimmunity and inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:24-31. [PMID: 25906776 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.222505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines. Whereas IL-1 is processed and released by live immune cells in response to infection or other triggers, IL-33 is mostly released as a danger signal ("alarmin") from damaged cells. IL-33 may also be processed and released from activated mast cells (MCs) with subsequent autocrine and paracrine actions. IL-33 augments the stimulatory effects of IgE and substance P on MCs but can also trigger release of cytokines from MCs on its own. Blood IL-33 levels are increased in asthma, atopic dermatitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. However, prolonged elevation of IL-33 downregulates FcεRI and may be protective in atherosclerosis, suggesting different roles in immune-regulated diseases. Even though neutralizing IL-33, knocking-down its receptor, or using its soluble "decoy" receptor has resulted in anti-inflammatory effects, there appear to be different outcomes in different tissues. Hence, selective regulation of IL-33 synthesis, release, and signaling may be required to provide effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology (T.C.T., A.I.P., A.T., S.P.), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T., A.T.), Department of Internal Medicine (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, and Tufts Medical Center (T.C.T.), Boston, Massachusetts; and Immunology Division, Graduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Anastasia I Petra
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology (T.C.T., A.I.P., A.T., S.P.), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T., A.T.), Department of Internal Medicine (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, and Tufts Medical Center (T.C.T.), Boston, Massachusetts; and Immunology Division, Graduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Alexandra Taracanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology (T.C.T., A.I.P., A.T., S.P.), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T., A.T.), Department of Internal Medicine (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, and Tufts Medical Center (T.C.T.), Boston, Massachusetts; and Immunology Division, Graduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Smaro Panagiotidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology (T.C.T., A.I.P., A.T., S.P.), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T., A.T.), Department of Internal Medicine (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, and Tufts Medical Center (T.C.T.), Boston, Massachusetts; and Immunology Division, Graduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Pio Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology (T.C.T., A.I.P., A.T., S.P.), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T., A.T.), Department of Internal Medicine (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, and Tufts Medical Center (T.C.T.), Boston, Massachusetts; and Immunology Division, Graduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
1267
|
Brough D, Denes A. Interleukin-1α and brain inflammation. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:323-30. [PMID: 25906979 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute brain injuries such as caused by stroke are amongst the leading causes of death and are the leading cause of disability. Despite this there are very limited therapeutic options, and new therapeutic strategies and targets are required. Inflammation is known to exacerbate brain injury and is now considered as a potential therapeutic target. The damaging inflammation that occurs after acute brain injury is driven by pro-inflammatory members of the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family, namely, IL-1α and IL-1β. Previous research efforts have focussed on the biology and contribution of IL-1β. However, we now recognise that IL-1α is an early and important mediator of inflammation after injury. This review focuses on what is known about IL-1α, its regulation and its contribution to brain injury. Inhibiting mechanisms regulating the processing and release of IL-1α may offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of devastating acute brain injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Denes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
1268
|
Keermann M, Kõks S, Reimann E, Prans E, Abram K, Kingo K. Transcriptional landscape of psoriasis identifies the involvement of IL36 and IL36RN. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:322. [PMID: 25897967 PMCID: PMC4405864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In present study we performed whole transcriptome analysis in plaque psoriasis patients and compared lesional skin with non-lesional skin and with the skin from healthy controls. We sequenced total RNA from 12 lesional (LP), 12 non-lesional (NLP) and from 12 normal (C) skin biopsies. Results Compared with previous gene expression profiling studies we had three groups under analysis - LP, NLP and C. Using NLP samples allows to see the transcriptome of visually normal skin from psoriasis patient. In LP skin S100A12, S100A7A, LCE3E, DEFB4A, IL19 were found up regulated. In addition to already these well-described genes, we also found several other genes related to psoriasis. Namely, KLK9, OAS2, OAS3, PLA2G, IL36G, IL36RN were found to be significantly and consistently related to the psoriatic lesions and this finding is supported also by previous studies. The genes up-regulated in the LP samples were related to the innate immunity, IL17 and IL10 networks. In NLP samples innate immunity and IL17 network were activated, but activation of IL10 network was not evident. The transcriptional changes characteristic in the NLP samples can be considered as a molecular signature of “dormant psoriasis”. Conclusions Taken together, our study described the transcriptome profile characteristic for LP and NLP psoriatic skin. RNA profile of the NLP skin is in between the lesional and healthy skin, with its own specific pattern. We found that both LP and NLP have up-regulated IL17 network, whereas LP skin has up regulated IL10 related cytokines (IL19, IL20, IL24). Moreover, IL36G and IL36RN were identified as strong regulators of skin pathology in both LP and NLP skin samples, with stronger influence in LP samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1508-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maris Keermann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ele Prans
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
1269
|
Protective role of anakinra against transthyretin-mediated axonal loss and cell death in a mouse model of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:203-17. [PMID: 25668561 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is characterized by a length-dependent axonal loss in the peripheral nervous system that results from deposition of extracellular prefibrillar transthyretin (TTR) and amyloid fibrils. We have previously shown that an inflammatory stimulus in the peripheral nerve in a mouse model of FAP triggers local TTR expression and deposition, leading to poor regeneration. We also demonstrated that blocking interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling by the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra is beneficial in preventing nerve TTR deposition and associated toxicity. Here, we investigated whether IL-1 signaling influences TTR biology after an injury stimulus in a V30M FAP mouse model. Animals were treated with anakinra 48 hours before sciatic nerve ligation; the nerves were analyzed 7 days postlesion. Anakinra decreased TTR expression by Schwann cells and TTR extracellular deposition after nerve injury, which resulted in improved regeneration. Moreover, treated mice had less apoptotic cell death. In wild-type mice, inflammation is important for regeneration but, in the FAP model mice, an altered threshold of the inflammatory response differentially regulates TTR. Taken together, our results show that anakinra administration before injury can modulate TTR-induced peripheral nervous system pathology, thereby corroborating the protective interference of this drug in a FAP preclinical model.
Collapse
|
1270
|
The role of IL-1β in the bone loss during rheumatic diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:782382. [PMID: 25954061 PMCID: PMC4410538 DOI: 10.1155/2015/782382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased bone resorption and fracture rates and different studies supported the relation between inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast activity. The main factor required for osteoclast activation is the stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed on osteoblasts. In this context, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, one of the most powerful proinflammatory cytokines, is a strong stimulator of in vitro and in vivo bone resorption via upregulation of RANKL that stimulates the osteoclastogenesis. The resulting effects lead to an imbalance in bone metabolism favouring bone resorption and osteoporosis. In this paper, we review the available literature on the role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of bone loss. Furthermore, we analysed the role of IL-1β in bone resorption during rheumatic diseases and, when available, we reported the efficacy of anti-IL-1β therapy in this field.
Collapse
|
1271
|
Skoie I, Ternowitz T, Jonsson G, Norheim K, Omdal R. Fatigue in psoriasis: a phenomenon to be explored. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1196-203. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I.M. Skoie
- Department of Dermatology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - T. Ternowitz
- Department of Dermatology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - G. Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - K. Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit Department of Internal Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - R. Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit Department of Internal Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| |
Collapse
|
1272
|
Antigen- and cytokine-driven accumulation of regulatory T cells in visceral adipose tissue of lean mice. Cell Metab 2015; 21:543-57. [PMID: 25863247 PMCID: PMC4747251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A unique population of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, with a distinct transcriptome and antigen-receptor repertoire, resides in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of lean individuals. These cells regulate local inflammation and both local and systemic metabolic indices. Here we focus on expansion of the VAT Treg compartment in aging lean mice-assessing these cells' phenotypic conversion from conventional CD4(+) T cells, influx from lymphoid organs, and local population dynamics. Our findings establish that the VAT Treg compartment is seeded from thymocytes generated during the first weeks of life and expands beyond 10 weeks of age due to indolent proliferation, of certain clones in particular, coupled with enhanced survival. Accumulation of VAT Tregs depends on the antigen(s) presented by MHC class-II molecules and soluble mediators, notably interleukin(IL)-33. Addressing such factors therapeutically promises novel approaches for harnessing Tregs to stem the growing epidemic of obesity and consequent metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
|
1273
|
Xia M, Chen D, Endresz V, Lantos I, Szabo A, Kakkar V, Lu X. Modulation of recombinant antigenic constructs containing multi-epitopes towards effective reduction of atherosclerotic lesion in B6;129S-Ldlr(tm1Her)Apob(tm2Sgy)/J mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123393. [PMID: 25830298 PMCID: PMC4382319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is increasingly recognized as a complex chronic inflammatory disease. Many more studies have extended vaccination against atherosclerosis by using epitopes from self-antigens or beyond and demonstrated that vaccination with antigens or derivatives could reduce the extent of the lesions in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Our previous study has demonstrated that construct AHHC [ApoB100688-707 + hHSP60303-312 + hHSP60153-163 + Cpn derived peptide (C)] significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AHHC can be modulated towards increased lesion reduction in mice by creating two other derivatives with a sequential epitope-substitution named RHHC in which A was replaced by an "R" (C5aR1-31) and RPHC with a further "H" (hHSP60303-312) conversion into "P" (protease-activated receptor-142-55) in mice. Antigenic epitopes were incorporated into a dendroaspin scaffold. Immunization of B6;129S-Ldlrtm1HerApobtm2Sgy/J mice with three constructs elicited production of high levels of antibodies against each epitope (apart from hHSP60153-163 and P which induced a low antibody response). Histological analyses demonstrated that the mice immunized with either RPHC or RHHC showed significant reductions in the size of atherosclerostic lesions compared to those with AHHC (69.5±1.1% versus 55.7±3.4%, P<0.01 or 65.6±1.3% versus 55.7±3.4%, P<0.01). Reduction of plaque size in the aortic sinus and descending aorta correlated with alterations in cellular immune responses when compared with controls. We conclude that a recombinant construct RPHC may provide new antigenic and structural features which are favorable for significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion formation. This approach offers a novel strategy for developing anti-atherosclerotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daxin Chen
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Endresz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Lantos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabo
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vijay Kakkar
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1274
|
Cardiometabolic effects of genetic upregulation of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:243-53. [PMID: 25726324 PMCID: PMC4648058 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate potential cardiovascular and other effects of long-term pharmacological interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibition, we studied genetic variants that produce inhibition of IL-1, a master regulator of inflammation. METHODS We created a genetic score combining the effects of alleles of two common variants (rs6743376 and rs1542176) that are located upstream of IL1RN, the gene encoding the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; an endogenous inhibitor of both IL-1α and IL-1β); both alleles increase soluble IL-1Ra protein concentration. We compared effects on inflammation biomarkers of this genetic score with those of anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1Ra, which has previously been studied in randomised trials of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In primary analyses, we investigated the score in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and four cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm; 453,411 total participants). In exploratory analyses, we studied the relation of the score to many disease traits and to 24 other disorders of proposed relevance to IL-1 signalling (746,171 total participants). FINDINGS For each IL1RN minor allele inherited, serum concentrations of IL-1Ra increased by 0.22 SD (95% CI 0.18-0.25; 12.5%; p = 9.3 × 10(-33)), concentrations of interleukin 6 decreased by 0.02 SD (-0.04 to -0.01; -1.7%; p = 3.5 × 10(-3)), and concentrations of C-reactive protein decreased by 0.03 SD (-0.04 to -0.02; -3.4%; p = 7.7 × 10(-14)). We noted the effects of the genetic score on these inflammation biomarkers to be directionally concordant with those of anakinra. The allele count of the genetic score had roughly log-linear, dose-dependent associations with both IL-1Ra concentration and risk of coronary heart disease. For people who carried four IL-1Ra-raising alleles, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.15 (1.08-1.22; p = 1.8 × 10(-6)) compared with people who carried no IL-1Ra-raising alleles; the per-allele odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.03 (1.02-1.04; p = 3.9 × 10(-10)). Per-allele odds ratios were 0.97 (0.95-0.99; p = 9.9 × 10(-4)) for rheumatoid arthritis, 0.99 (0.97-1.01; p = 0.47) for type 2 diabetes, 1.00 (0.98-1.02; p = 0.92) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.08 (1.04-1.12; p = 1.8 × 10(-5)) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. In exploratory analyses, we observed per-allele increases in concentrations of proatherogenic lipids, including LDL-cholesterol, but no clear evidence of association for blood pressure, glycaemic traits, or any of the 24 other disorders studied. Modelling suggested that the observed increase in LDL-cholesterol could account for about a third of the association observed between the genetic score and increased coronary risk. INTERPRETATION Human genetic data suggest that long-term dual IL-1α/β inhibition could increase cardiovascular risk and, conversely, reduce the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis. The cardiovascular risk might, in part, be mediated through an increase in proatherogenic lipid concentrations.
Collapse
|
1275
|
Xilonix, a novel true human antibody targeting the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha, in non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:621-31. [PMID: 25822109 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were treated as part of a Phase I dose escalation and expansion study evaluating a true human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-1α (Xilonix), which is intended to modulate the malignant phenotype-inhibiting tumor growth, spread and offering relief of symptoms. METHODS Sixteen NSCLC patients were included. Patients failed a median of 4 chemotherapy regimens, including 10/16 failing anti-EGFR therapy. Disease progression was evaluated using a multi-modal approach: tumor response, patient reported outcomes (EORTC-QLQC30), and lean body mass (LBM). Patients received infusions every 2 or 3 weeks until progression, and were followed 24 months to assess survival. RESULTS There were no infusion reactions, dose-limiting toxicities, or deaths due to therapy. Albeit not statistically significant, there was a trend in IL-6 (-2.6 ± 18.5 (0.1 [-2.8-2.4]), platelet counts (-11 ± 54 (-4[-36.0-1.0]), CRP (-3.3 ± 30.2 (0.4 [-10.7-1.8]) and LBM (1.0 ± 2.5 (0.4 [-0.5-2.6]). Self-reported outcomes revealed reductions in pain, fatigue and improvement in appetite. Median survival was 7.6 (IQR 4.4-11.5) months, stratification based on prior anti-EGFR therapy revealed a median survival of 9.4 months (IQR 7.6-12.5) for those pretreated (N = 10) versus a survival of 4.8 months (IQR 4.3-5.7) for those without (N = 6, logrank p = 0.187). CONCLUSION Xilonix was well tolerated, with gains in LBM and improvement in symptoms suggesting a clinically important response. Although not statistically significant, the survival outcomes observed for patients with and without prior anti-EGFR therapy raises intriguing questions about the potential synergy of IL-1α blockade and anti-EGFR therapy. Further study for this agent in NSCLC is warranted.
Collapse
|
1276
|
Frangogiannis NG. Interleukin-1 in cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling: pathophysiologic and translational concepts. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3. [PMID: 26273700 PMCID: PMC4532433 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the infarcted myocardium, necrotic cardiomyocytes release danger signals activating an intense inflammatory reaction that serves to clear the wound from dead cells and matrix debris, but may also extend injury. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role for members of the Interleukin (IL)-1 family in injury, repair and remodeling of the infarcted heart. This review manuscript discusses the pathophysiologic functions of IL-1 in the infarcted and remodeling myocardium and its potential role as a therapeutic target in patients with myocardial infarction. Dead cardiomyocytes release IL-1a that may function as a crucial alarmin triggering the post-infarction inflammatory reaction. IL-1b is markedly upregulated in the infarcted myocardium; activation of the inflammasome in both cardiomyocytes and interstitial cells results in release of bioactive IL-1b in the infarcted area. Binding of IL-1 to the type 1 receptor triggers an inflammatory cascade, inducing recruitment of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and stimulating a matrix-degrading program in fibroblasts, while delaying myofibroblast conversion. IL-1 mediates dilative remodeling following infarction and may play a role in the pathogenesis of post-infarction heart failure. As the wound is cleared from dead cells and matrix debris, endogenous inhibitory signals suppress the IL-1 response resulting in repression of inflammation and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. Other members of the IL-1 family (such as IL-18 and IL-33) are also implicated in regulation of the inflammatory and reparative response following myocardial infarction. IL-18 may participate in pro-inflammatory signaling, whereas IL-33 may exert cytoprotective effects. Early clinical trials suggest that IL-1 blockade may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1277
|
Moghaddas F, Masters SL. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: Cytokinopathies. Cytokine 2015; 74:237-46. [PMID: 25814341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genetics are providing unprecedented insight into functions of the innate immune system with identification of the mutations that cause monogenic autoinflammatory disease. Cytokine antagonism is profoundly effective in a subset of these conditions, particularly those associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity, the inflammasomopathies. These include syndromes where the production of IL-1 is increased by mutation of innate immune sensors such as NLRP3, upstream signalling molecules such as PSTPIP1 and receptors or downstream signalling molecules, such as IL-1Ra. Another example of this is interferon (IFN) and the interferonopathies, with mutations in the sensors STING and MDA5, the upstream signalling regulator AP1S3, and a downstream inhibitor of IFN signalling, ISG15. We propose that this can be extended to cytokines such as IL-36, with mutations in IL-36Ra, and IL-10, with mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB, however mutations in sensors or upstream signalling molecules are yet to be described in these instances. Additionally, autoinflammatory diseases can be caused by multiple cytokines, for example with the activation of NF-κB/Rel, for which we propose the term Relopathies. This nosology is limited in that some cytokine pathways may be degenerate in their generation or execution, however provides insight into likely autoinflammatory disease candidates and the cytokines with which newly identified mutations may be associated, and therefore targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
1278
|
Bajo M, Varodayan FP, Madamba SG, Robert AJ, Casal LM, Oleata CS, Siggins GR, Roberto M. IL-1 interacts with ethanol effects on GABAergic transmission in the mouse central amygdala. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:49. [PMID: 25852553 PMCID: PMC4365713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is hypothesized to enhance alcohol consumption and contribute to the development of alcoholism. GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala (CeA) plays an important role in the transition to alcohol dependence. Therefore, we studied the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine mediating ethanol-induced neuroinflammation, and its interaction with ethanol on CeA GABAegic transmission in B6129SF2/J mice. We also assessed ethanol intake in B6129SF2/J mice. Intake with unlimited (24 h) ethanol access was 9.2–12.7 g/kg (3–15% ethanol), while limited (2 h) access produced an intake of 4.1 ± 0.5 g/kg (15% ethanol). In our electrophysiology experiments, we found that recombinant IL-1β (50 and 100 ng/ml) significantly decreased the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (eIPSPs), with no significant effects on paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). IL-1β (50 ng/ml) had dual effects on spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs): increasing mIPSC frequencies in most CeA neurons, but decreasing both mIPSC frequencies and amplitudes in a few cells. The IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; 100 ng/ml) also had dual effects on mIPSCs and prevented the actions of IL-1β on mIPSC frequencies. These results suggest that IL-1β can alter CeA GABAergic transmission at pre- and postsynaptic sites. Ethanol (44 mM) significantly increased eIPSP amplitudes, decreased PPFs, and increased mIPSC frequencies. IL-1β did not alter ethanol’s enhancement of the eIPSP amplitude, but, in IL-1β-responsive neurons, the ethanol effects on mIPSC frequencies were lost. Overall, our data suggest that the IL-1 system is involved in basal GABAergic transmission and that IL-1β interacts with the ethanol-induced facilitation of CeA GABAergic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bajo
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florence P Varodayan
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel G Madamba
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Robert
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey M Casal
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Oleata
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George R Siggins
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1279
|
Diabate M, Munro P, Garcia E, Jacquel A, Michel G, Obba S, Goncalves D, Luci C, Marchetti S, Demon D, Degos C, Bechah Y, Mege JL, Lamkanfi M, Auberger P, Gorvel JP, Stuart LM, Landraud L, Lemichez E, Boyer L. Escherichia coli α-hemolysin counteracts the anti-virulence innate immune response triggered by the Rho GTPase activating toxin CNF1 during bacteremia. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004732. [PMID: 25781937 PMCID: PMC4363529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of the activities of pathogen-encoded virulence factors by the innate immune system has emerged as a new paradigm of pathogen recognition. Much remains to be determined with regard to the molecular and cellular components contributing to this defense mechanism in mammals and importance during infection. Here, we reveal the central role of the IL-1β signaling axis and Gr1+ cells in controlling the Escherichia coli burden in the blood in response to the sensing of the Rho GTPase-activating toxin CNF1. Consistently, this innate immune response is abrogated in caspase-1/11-impaired mice or following the treatment of infected mice with an IL-1β antagonist. In vitro experiments further revealed the synergistic effects of CNF1 and LPS in promoting the maturation/secretion of IL-1β and establishing the roles of Rac, ASC and caspase-1 in this pathway. Furthermore, we found that the α-hemolysin toxin inhibits IL-1β secretion without affecting the recruitment of Gr1+ cells. Here, we report the first example of anti-virulence-triggered immunity counteracted by a pore-forming toxin during bacteremia. The pathogenic potentials of most microbes depend on a repertoire of virulence factors. Despite major progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of bacterial effectors, little is known about how they cooperate during infection to overcome host immune defenses and promote microbial persistence. Here, we investigated the roles of two uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) effectors that are co-ordinately expressed, α-hemolysin (HlyA) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1). We demonstrated that the HlyA toxin is critical for bacterial stability in the blood and showed that one important role of HlyA is to inhibit the CNF1-induced host response. Collectively, these findings reveal why the coordinated activities of HlyA and CNF1 are necessary for the full virulence of UPEC. Moreover, they unravel a HlyA-driven counter-defense mechanism used by bacteria to facilitate their survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamady Diabate
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice, Hôpital l'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Munro
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Elsa Garcia
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Mort Cellulaire, Differentiation et Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Gregory Michel
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Obba
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Mort Cellulaire, Differentiation et Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Diogo Goncalves
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Mort Cellulaire, Differentiation et Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sandrine Marchetti
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Mort Cellulaire, Differentiation et Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Dieter Demon
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Degos
- Aix-Marseille University UM 2, INSERM U 1104, CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Yassina Bechah
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, CNRS UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, CNRS UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Mort Cellulaire, Differentiation et Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Aix-Marseille University UM 2, INSERM U 1104, CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lynda Maria Stuart
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Luce Landraud
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice, Hôpital l'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la relation hôte pathogènes, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
1280
|
T-bet- and STAT4-dependent IL-33 receptor expression directly promotes antiviral Th1 cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4056-61. [PMID: 25829541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418549112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, so-called "alarmins," orchestrates the immune response. The alarmin IL-33 plays a role in a wide range of pathologies. Upon release, IL-33 signals through its receptor ST2, which reportedly is expressed only on CD4(+) T cells of the Th2 and regulatory subsets. Here we show that Th1 effector cells also express ST2 upon differentiation in vitro and in vivo during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. The expression of ST2 on Th1 cells was transient, in contrast to constitutive ST2 expression on Th2 cells, and marked highly activated effector cells. ST2 expression on virus-specific Th1 cells depended on the Th1-associated transcription factors T-bet and STAT4. ST2 deficiency resulted in a T-cell-intrinsic impairment of LCMV-specific Th1 effector responses in both mixed bone marrow-chimeric mice and adoptive cell transfer experiments. ST2-deficient virus-specific CD4(+) T cells showed impaired expansion, Th1 effector differentiation, and antiviral cytokine production. Consequently, these cells mediated little virus-induced immunopathology. Thus, IL-33 acts as a critical and direct cofactor to drive antiviral Th1 effector cell activation, with implications for vaccination strategies and immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
1281
|
|
1282
|
Mathew DJ, Newsom EM, Guyton JM, Tuggle CK, Geisert RD, Lucy MC. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B in uterine luminal epithelial cells by interleukin 1 Beta 2: a novel interleukin 1 expressed by the elongating pig conceptus. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:107. [PMID: 25761593 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptus mortality is greatest in mammals during the peri-implantation period, a time when conceptuses appose and attach to the uterine surface epithelium while releasing proinflammatory molecules. Interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), a master proinflammatory cytokine, is released by the primate, rodent, and pig blastocyst during the peri-implantation period and is believed to be essential for establishment of pregnancy. The gene encoding IL1B has duplicated in the pig, resulting in a novel gene. Preliminary observations indicate that the novel IL1B is specifically expressed by pig conceptuses during the peri-implantation period. To verify this, IL1B was cloned from mRNA isolated from Day 12 pig conceptuses and compared with IL1B cloned from mRNA isolated from pig peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). The pig conceptuses, but not the PBLs, expressed a novel IL1B, referred to here as interleukin 1 beta 2 (IL1B2). Porcine endometrium was treated with recombinant porcine interleukin 1 beta 1 (IL1B1), the prototypical cytokine, and IL1B2 proteins. Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were used to measure activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFKB) and NFKB-regulated transcripts, respectively, within the endometrium. Both IL1B1 and IL1B2 activated NFKB in the uterine luminal epithelium within 4 h. The NFKB activation and related gene expression, however, were lower in endometrium treated with IL1B2, suggesting that the conceptus-derived cytokine may have reduced activity within the uterus. In conclusion, the peri-implantation pig conceptus expresses a novel IL1B that can activate NFKB within the uterine surface epithelium, likely creating a proinflammatory microenvironment during establishment of pregnancy in the pig.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Mathew
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Emily M Newsom
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer M Guyton
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Rodney D Geisert
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Matthew C Lucy
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
1283
|
Nold-Petry CA, Lo CY, Rudloff I, Elgass KD, Li S, Gantier MP, Lotz-Havla AS, Gersting SW, Cho SX, Lao JC, Ellisdon AM, Rotter B, Azam T, Mangan NE, Rossello FJ, Whisstock JC, Bufler P, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Dinarello CA, Nold MF. IL-37 requires the receptors IL-18Rα and IL-1R8 (SIGIRR) to carry out its multifaceted anti-inflammatory program upon innate signal transduction. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:354-65. [PMID: 25729923 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 37 (IL-37) and IL-1R8 (SIGIRR or TIR8) are anti-inflammatory orphan members of the IL-1 ligand family and IL-1 receptor family, respectively. Here we demonstrate formation and function of the endogenous ligand-receptor complex IL-37-IL-1R8-IL-18Rα. The tripartite complex assembled rapidly on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Silencing of IL-1R8 or IL-18Rα impaired the anti-inflammatory activity of IL-37. Whereas mice with transgenic expression of IL-37 (IL-37tg mice) with intact IL-1R8 were protected from endotoxemia, IL-1R8-deficient IL-37tg mice were not. Proteomic and transcriptomic investigations revealed that IL-37 used IL-1R8 to harness the anti-inflammatory properties of the signaling molecules Mer, PTEN, STAT3 and p62(dok) and to inhibit the kinases Fyn and TAK1 and the transcription factor NF-κB, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, IL-37-IL-1R8 exerted a pseudo-starvational effect on the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR. IL-37 thus bound to IL-18Rα and exploited IL-1R8 to activate a multifaceted intracellular anti-inflammatory program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Nold-Petry
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Camden Y Lo
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ina Rudloff
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael P Gantier
- 1] Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Søren W Gersting
- Molecular Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Steven X Cho
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason C Lao
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Ellisdon
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. [2] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Niamh E Mangan
- 1] Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. [2] Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. [2] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- 1] Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy. [2] Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. [2] Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Nold
- 1] Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1284
|
Hu Z, Chen Z, Huang N, Teng X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wei X, Qin K, Liu X, Wu X, Tang H, Zhu X, Cui K, Li J. Expression, purification of IL-38 in Escherichia coli and production of polyclonal antibodies. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 107:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
1285
|
Bajo M, Herman MA, Varodayan FP, Oleata CS, Madamba SG, Harris RA, Blednov YA, Roberto M. Role of the IL-1 receptor antagonist in ethanol-induced regulation of GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:189-97. [PMID: 25479427 PMCID: PMC4405101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), encoded by the Il1rn gene, is an endogenous antagonist of the IL-1 receptor. Studies of Il1rn knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice identified differences in several ethanol-related behaviors, some of which may be mediated by GABAergic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). In this study we examined phasic (both evoked and spontaneous) and tonic GABAergic transmission in the CeA of Il1rn KO and WT mice and the ethanol sensitivity of these GABAergic synapses. The mean amplitude of baseline evoked GABAA-inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), and the baseline frequency of spontaneous GABAA-inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs), but not the frequency of miniature GABAA-IPSCs (mIPSCs), were significantly increased in KO compared to WT mice, indicating enhanced presynaptic action potential-dependent GABA release in the CeA of KO mice. In KO mice, we also found a cell-type specific switch in the ongoing tonic GABAA receptor conductance such that the tonic conductance in low threshold bursting (LTB) neurons is lost and a tonic conductance in late spiking (LS) neurons appears. Notably, the ethanol-induced facilitation of evoked and spontaneous GABA release was lost in most of the CeA neurons from KO compared to WT mice. Ethanol superfusion increased the sIPSC rise and decay times in both KO and WT mice, suggesting ethanol-induced postsynaptic effects. The pretreatment of CeA slices with exogenous IL-1ra (Kineret; 100ng/ml) returned sIPSC frequency in KO mice to the levels found in WT. Importantly, Kineret also restored ethanol-induced potentiation of the sIPSC frequency in the KO mice. These results show that IL-1ra regulates baseline GABAergic transmission in the CeA and is critical for the ethanol effects at these synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bajo
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - M A Herman
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - F P Varodayan
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - C S Oleata
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S G Madamba
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R A Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Y A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - M Roberto
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1286
|
Pfeffer PE, Chen YH, Woszczek G, Matthews NC, Chevretton E, Gupta A, Saglani S, Bush A, Corrigan C, Cousins DJ, Hawrylowicz CM. Vitamin D enhances production of soluble ST2, inhibiting the action of IL-33. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:824-7.e3. [PMID: 25457999 PMCID: PMC4348345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Pfeffer
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yin-Huai Chen
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C Matthews
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elfy Chevretton
- Department of ENT, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Gupta
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sejal Saglani
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Corrigan
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Cousins
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
1287
|
Vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in asthma. Part 1: A review of potential mechanisms. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 32:60-74. [PMID: 25732539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The classical role for vitamin D is to regulate calcium absorption form the gastrointestinal tract and influence bone health. Recently vitamin D receptors and vitamin D metabolic enzymes have been discovered in numerous sites systemically supporting diverse extra-skeletal roles of vitamin D, for example in asthmatic disease. Further, VDD and asthma share several common risk factors including high latitude, winter season, industrialization, poor diet, obesity, and dark skin pigmentation. Vitamin D has been demonstrated to possess potent immunomodulatory effects, including effects on T cells and B cells as well as increasing production of antimicrobial peptides (e.g. cathelicidin). This immunomodulation may lead to asthma specific clinical benefits in terms of decreased bacterial/viral infections, altered airway smooth muscle-remodeling and -function as well as modulation of response to standard anti-asthma therapy (e.g. glucocorticoids and immunotherapy). Thus, vitamin D and its deficiency have a number of biological effects that are potentially important in altering the course of disease pathogenesis and severity in asthma. The purpose of this first of a two-part review is to review potential mechanisms whereby altering vitamin D status may influence asthmatic disease.
Collapse
|
1288
|
Yang CY. Identification of potential small molecule allosteric modulator sites on IL-1R1 ectodomain using accelerated conformational sampling method. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118671. [PMID: 25706624 PMCID: PMC4338101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is the founding member of the interleukin 1 receptor family which activates innate immune response by its binding to cytokines. Reports showed dysregulation of cytokine production leads to aberrant immune cells activation which contributes to auto-inflammatory disorders and diseases. Current therapeutic strategies focus on utilizing antibodies or chimeric cytokine biologics. The large protein-protein interaction interface between cytokine receptor and cytokine poses a challenge in identifying binding sites for small molecule inhibitor development. Based on the significant conformational change of IL-1R type 1 (IL-1R1) ectodomain upon binding to different ligands observed in crystal structures, we hypothesized that transient small molecule binding sites may exist when IL-1R1 undergoes conformational transition and thus suitable for inhibitor development. Here, we employed accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to efficiently sample conformational space of IL-1R1 ectodomain. Representative IL-1R1 ectodomain conformations determined from the hierarchy cluster analysis were analyzed by the SiteMap program which leads to identify small molecule binding sites at the protein-protein interaction interface and allosteric modulator locations. The cosolvent mapping analysis using phenol as the probe molecule further confirms the allosteric modulator site as a binding hotspot. Eight highest ranked fragment molecules identified from in silico screening at the modulator site were evaluated by MD simulations. Four of them restricted the IL-1R1 dynamical motion to inactive conformational space. The strategy from this study, subject to in vitro experimental validation, can be useful to identify small molecule compounds targeting the allosteric modulator sites of IL-1R and prevent IL-1R from binding to cytokine by trapping IL-1R in inactive conformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yie Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1289
|
Murakami I, Matsushita M, Iwasaki T, Kuwamoto S, Kato M, Nagata K, Horie Y, Hayashi K, Imamura T, Morimoto A, Imashuku S, Gogusev J, Jaubert F, Takata K, Oka T, Yoshino T. Interleukin-1 loop model for pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:13. [PMID: 25889448 PMCID: PMC4343072 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory process that is prolonged by mutations. We hypothesize that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection triggers an interleukin-1 (IL-1) activation loop that underlies the pathogenesis of LCH. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen presenting cells in the skin. When LCs encounter exogenous antigens, they migrate from the epidermis into draining lymphoid tissues to initiate T-cell activity. It has been proposed that LC migration-related factors, including E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase, and Notch ligand induce LCH activity. We found that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which binds IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, is expressed at a significantly higher level in LCH affecting multiple organ systems (MS-LCH) than in LCH affecting a single organ system (SS-LCH). IL-1 stimulates T helper 17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17 had been a matter of controversy. We detected higher levels of IL-17A receptor expression in MS-LCH than in SS-LCH and proposed an IL-17 endocrine model that could settle the controversy. IL-1 is the first cytokine secreted in response to sensitizers and promotes LC migration from sentinel tissues. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), downstream of the IL-1 receptor, has functions in both RAS signaling and inflammation, leading to human cell transformation. In 2010, an activating mutation in the B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma gene (BRAF) V600E was found in LCH. This BRAF mutation induces phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that may play an important role with MyD88 in LCH pathogenesis. However, phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is rapidly dephosphorylated by dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), and limited proliferation is predicted in BRAF mutant cells. MyD88 binds pERK via its D-domain, thereby preventing pERK-DUSP6 interaction and maintaining ERK in an active, phosphorylated state. We detected MCPyV-DNA in the peripheral blood cells of two out of three patients with LCH in high-risk organs but not in those of patients with LCH in non-high-risk organs (0/12; P = .029). MCPyV infection can trigger precursor LCH cells with BRAF mutation to produce IL-1; the IL-1 loop is amplified in all LCH subclasses. Our model indicates both BRAF mutation and IL-1 loop regulation as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kuwamoto
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Masako Kato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Keiko Nagata
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Horie
- Department of Pathology, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Akira Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Shinsaku Imashuku
- Division of Pediatrics and Hematology, Takasago-seibu Hospital, Takasago, 676-0812, Japan.
| | - Jean Gogusev
- Inserm U507 and U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Francis Jaubert
- University of Paris Descartes (Paris V), Paris, 75006, France.
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
1290
|
Tong X, Lu F. IL-33/ST2 involves the immunopathology of ocular toxoplasmosis in murine model. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1897-905. [PMID: 25693767 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the major cause of infective uveitis. Since the eye is a special organ protected by immune privilege, its immune response is different from general organs with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Here, we used Kunming outbred mice to establish OT by intravitreal injection of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites, IL-33 expression in the eyes was localized by immunostaining, the levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and ST2 (IL-33 receptor) and T-helper (Th)1 and Th2-associated cytokines in the eye and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of infected mice were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. Our results showed that the pathologies of the eye and CLN tissues and the IL-33 positive cells in the eye tissues of ocular T. gondii-infected mice were all increased at days 2, 6, and 9 postinfection (p.i.), accompanied with significantly increased transcript levels of IL-33, ST2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-10, and IL-13 in both the eyes and CLNs, and increased IL-4 expressions in the eyes of T. gondii-infected mice. There were significant correlations between the levels of IFN-γ and ST2, IL-4 and ST2, and IL-13 and ST2 in the eye tissues (P < 0.001), significant correlations between the levels of IFN-γ and ST2 (P < 0.001) as well as between IL-13 and ST2 (P < 0.05) in the CLNs, and significant correlations between the levels of IL-1β and IL-33 in the eyes (P < 0.05) and between IL-1β and IL-33/ST2 in the CLNs (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Our data indicated that IL-33/ST2 may involve the regulation of ocular immunopathology induced by T. gondii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tong
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
1291
|
Cell stress increases ATP release in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, resulting in cytokine imbalance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2835-40. [PMID: 25730877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424741112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic inflammation in patients with autoinflammatory disorders. Blood monocytes from patients affected by NLRP3-mediated cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) release greater amounts of IL-1β than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from CAPS patients maintain the high levels of secreted IL-1β (fivefold) and IL-18 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less LPS than that required for full IL-1β secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, IL-1α secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in CAPS may not be entirely a result of IL-1β but may also involve IL-1α. In CAPS monocytes, LPS induces the externalization of copious amounts of ATP (10-fold), which drive IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced ATP release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in CAPS. In the later phase after LPS stimulation, CAPS monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Remarkably, IL-1Ra secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two patients with the same NLRP3 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected patient exhibited more efficient redox response, lower ATP secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
1292
|
Different Retinal Expression Patterns of IL-1α, IL-1β, and Their Receptors in a Rat Model of Type 1 STZ-Induced Diabetes. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:431-9. [PMID: 25676032 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes, remains a major cause of blindness among population. Considerable amounts of evidences suggest the involvement of inflammatory process in this pathology. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were found in the vitreous of diabetic patients and in the retina of diabetic rats. However, in this context, no attention has been given to the other main IL-1 family members: IL-1α, two transmembrane receptors IL-1RI and IL-1RII and the natural antagonist receptor IL-1Ra. Despite that they actively participate in the IL-1-mediated inflammation process, their implication in DR has not been described. Thus, we investigated by Western blot and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis the effect of hyperglycemia on expression of IL-1 family members in retinal layers, using an in vivo model of type 1 diabetes. It was induced in adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Exposure to hyperglycemia induces a significant increase in the protein expression of IL-1β, IL-1RI, IL-RII and IL-1Ra but not of IL-1α. Moreover, high glucose alters their distribution pattern in the rat's retinal layers. Among these latter, the most compromised are the photoreceptor, the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers. These findings support previous data demonstrating the involvement of inflammation in DR and suggest new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of this pathology.
Collapse
|
1293
|
Yakut E, Jakobs C, Peric A, Michel G, Baal N, Bein G, Brüne B, Hornung V, Hackstein H. Extracorporeal photopheresis promotes IL-1β production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2569-77. [PMID: 25681340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a widely used clinical cell-based therapy exhibiting efficacy in heterogenous immune-mediated diseases such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, and organ allograft rejection. Despite its documented efficacy in cancer immunotherapy, little is known regarding the induction of immunostimulatory mediators by ECP. In this article, we show that ECP promotes marked release of the prototypic immunostimulatory cytokine IL-1β. ECP primes IL-1β production and activates IL-1β maturation and release in the context of caspase-1 activation in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Of interest, IL-1β maturation by ECP was fully intact in murine cells deficient in caspase-1, suggesting the predominance of an inflammasome-independent pathway for ECP-dependent IL-1β maturation. Clinically, patient analysis revealed significantly increased IL-1β production in stimulated leukapheresis concentrates and peripheral blood samples after ECP. Collectively, these results provide evidence for promotion of IL-1β production by ECP and offer new insight into the immunostimulatory capacity of ECP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Yakut
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Jakobs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Adriana Peric
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Michel
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nelli Baal
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Bein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
1294
|
Nuvolone M, Sorce S, Schwarz P, Aguzzi A. Prion pathogenesis in the absence of NLRP3/ASC inflammasomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117208. [PMID: 25671600 PMCID: PMC4324825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of the scrapie prion protein PrPSc, a misfolded conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC, is a crucial feature of prion diseases. In the central nervous system, this process is accompanied by conspicuous microglia activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular complex which can sense heterogeneous pathogen-associated molecular patterns and culminates in the activation of caspase 1 and release of IL 1β. The NLRP3 inflammasome was reported to be essential for IL 1β release after in vitro exposure to the amyloidogenic peptide PrP106-126 and to recombinant PrP fibrils. We therefore studied the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a mouse model of prion infection. Upon intracerebral inoculation with scrapie prions (strain RML), mice lacking NLRP3 (Nlrp3-/-) or the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC (Pycard-/-) succumbed to scrapie with attack rates and incubation times similar to wild-type mice, and developed the classic histologic and biochemical features of prion diseases. Genetic ablation of NLRP3 or ASC did not significantly impact on brain levels of IL 1β at the terminal stage of disease. Our results exclude a significant role for NLRP3 and ASC in prion pathogenesis and invalidate their claimed potential as therapeutic target against prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); (MN)
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); (MN)
| |
Collapse
|
1295
|
Allicin alleviates inflammation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rats and suppresses P38 and JNK pathways in Caco-2 cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:434692. [PMID: 25729217 PMCID: PMC4333338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Allicin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and proapoptotic properties. Aims. To evaluate the effects and investigate the mechanism of allicin on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis, specifically with mesalazine or sulfasalazine. Methods. 80 rats were divided equally into 8 groups: control; trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; allicin prevention; allicin; mesalazine; sulfasalazine; allicin + sulfasalazine, and mesalazine + allicin. Systemic and colonic inflammation parameters were analysed. In addition, protein and culture medium of Caco-2 cells treated with various concentrations of IL-1β or allicin were collected for investigation of IL-8, NF-κB p65 P38, ERK, and JNK. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for parametric and nonparametric tests, respectively. Results. Allicin reduced the body weight loss of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rats, histological score, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and colon IL-1β mRNA level and induced serum IL-4 level, particularly in combination with mesalazine. In addition, 1 ng/mL IL-1β stimulated the P38, ERK, and JNK pathways, whereas pretreatment with allicin depressed this phenomenon, except for the ERK pathway. Conclusions. The inflammation induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid is mitigated significantly by allicin treatment, particularly combined with mesalazine. Allicin inhibits the P38 and JNK pathways and the expression of NF-κB which explained the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of allicin.
Collapse
|
1296
|
Walsh JT, Hendrix S, Boato F, Smirnov I, Zheng J, Lukens JR, Gadani S, Hechler D, Gölz G, Rosenberger K, Kammertöns T, Vogt J, Vogelaar C, Siffrin V, Radjavi A, Fernandez-Castaneda A, Gaultier A, Gold R, Kanneganti TD, Nitsch R, Zipp F, Kipnis J. MHCII-independent CD4+ T cells protect injured CNS neurons via IL-4. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:699-714. [PMID: 25607842 PMCID: PMC4319416 DOI: 10.1172/jci76210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of experimental evidence suggests that T cells mediate neuroprotection following CNS injury; however, the antigen specificity of these T cells and how they mediate neuroprotection are unknown. Here, we have provided evidence that T cell-mediated neuroprotection after CNS injury can occur independently of major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) signaling to T cell receptors (TCRs). Using two murine models of CNS injury, we determined that damage-associated molecular mediators that originate from injured CNS tissue induce a population of neuroprotective, IL-4-producing T cells in an antigen-independent fashion. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-4-deficient animals had decreased functional recovery following CNS injury; however, transfer of CD4+ T cells from wild-type mice, but not from IL-4-deficient mice, enhanced neuronal survival. Using a culture-based system, we determined that T cell-derived IL-4 protects and induces recovery of injured neurons by activation of neuronal IL-4 receptors, which potentiated neurotrophin signaling via the AKT and MAPK pathways. Together, these findings demonstrate that damage-associated molecules from the injured CNS induce a neuroprotective T cell response that is independent of MHCII/TCR interactions and is MyD88 dependent. Moreover, our results indicate that IL-4 mediates neuroprotection and recovery of the injured CNS and suggest that strategies to enhance IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells have potential to attenuate axonal damage in the course of CNS injury in trauma, inflammation, or neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Walsh
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Morphology and BIOMED Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Boato
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sachin Gadani
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Hechler
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Rosenberger
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Vogelaar
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ali Radjavi
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Alban Gaultier
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital/Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia
- Department of Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1297
|
Hoyt TR, Dobrinen E, Kochetkova I, Meissner N. B cells modulate systemic responses to Pneumocystis murina lung infection and protect on-demand hematopoiesis via T cell-independent innate mechanisms when type I interferon signaling is absent. Infect Immun 2015; 83:743-58. [PMID: 25452554 PMCID: PMC4294237 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02639-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection results in a complex immunodeficiency due to loss of CD4(+) T cells, impaired type I interferon (IFN) responses, and B cell dysfunctions causing susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis murina pneumonia and unexplained comorbidities, including bone marrow dysfunctions. Type I IFNs and B cells critically contribute to immunity to Pneumocystis lung infection. We recently also identified B cells as supporters of on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis infection that would otherwise be hampered due to systemic immune effects initiated in the context of a defective type I IFN system. While studying the role of type I IFNs in immunity to Pneumocystis infection, we discovered that mice lacking both lymphocytes and type I IFN receptor (IFrag(-/-)) developed progressive bone marrow failure following infection, while lymphocyte-competent type I IFN receptor-deficient mice (IFNAR(-/-)) showed transient bone marrow depression and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Lymphocyte reconstitution of lymphocyte-deficient IFrag(-/-) mice pointed to B cells as a key player in bone marrow protection. Here we define how B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis lung infection in our model. We demonstrate that adoptive transfer of B cells into IFrag(-/-) mice protects early hematopoietic progenitor activity during systemic responses to Pneumocystis infection, thus promoting replenishment of depleted bone marrow cells. This activity is independent of CD4(+) T cell help and B cell receptor specificity and does not require B cell migration to bone marrow. Furthermore, we show that B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis in part by induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10)- and IL-27-mediated mechanisms. Thus, our data demonstrate an important immune modulatory role of B cells during Pneumocystis lung infection that complement the modulatory role of type I IFNs to prevent systemic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teri R Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Erin Dobrinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Nicole Meissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1298
|
Li Y, Lian H, Jia Q, Wan Y. Proteome screening of pleural effusions identifies IL1A as a diagnostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
1299
|
Identifying a molecular and cellular phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells mobilized from substance P in the peripheral blood. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
1300
|
Kang B, Cheng S, Peng J, Yan J, Zhang S. Interleukin-37 gene variants segregated anciently coexist during hominid evolution. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1392-8. [PMID: 25626704 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
IL37 is a member of IL-1 cytokine family but conveys anti-inflammatory functions. The biological characteristic and genetic heterogeneity of IL37 are not fully understood yet. Here using the whole-genome sequencing data from 1000 Genomes Project, we performed population and evolutionary genetic analysis of human IL37 gene. First, 2184 IL37 gene sequences from different human populations were retrieved. The IL37 protein sequences were inferred from the coding DNA sequences and multiple species alignment was made. Then, the phylogenetic tree of IL37 was built and dN/dS ratios were calculated for each evolutionary branch, the classic McDonald and Kreitman test was also performed. Next, we conducted intraspecific evolutionary genetic analysis and built the genealogy network of 116 unique IL37 haplotypes through median-joining network analysis. Finally, we compared IL37 sequences between the modern and archaic humans. Our results for the first time provide solid evidence that common IL37 variants other than NCBI reference sequence are present worldwide. Our data also supports that IL37 variants are shaped and maintained by selection instead of neutral evolution. We further identified that human IL37 variants consist of two major haplogroups and their presence in archaic humans corroborates its ancient origin in hominid evolution. In conclusion, these data indicate that common IL37 variants are maintained among human populations by selective force, suggesting their potential involvements in immune regulation and human diseases. In addition, the ancient history of IL37 variants reveals interesting insight into the complicated human evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Cheng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbiao Peng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|