14901
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Radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a pilot study of feasibility, efficacy, and safety. Pancreas 2014; 43:938-45. [PMID: 24717825 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). METHODS We performed RFA on 10 patients (7 women) aged 38 to 75 years with histologically diagnosed PNETs (secreting in 3 cases) who could not or would not undergo surgical resection. Tumor nodules (diameter, 0.9-2.9 cm; mean [SD], 1.6 [0.5] cm) were located in the head (n = 7) or body (n = 3) of the pancreas. Ultrasound-guided RFA was performed percutaneously (n = 7), endoscopically (n = 1), or intraoperatively (n = 2) using commercially available equipment. Complete ablation was defined as absence of enhancing tissue at the tumor site on contrast-enhanced imaging studies and normalization of previously elevated serum hormone levels. RESULTS Complete ablation was achieved with 1 (n = 9) or 2 (n = 1) RFA procedures. All neuroendocrine syndromes regressed within 24 hours of treatment. No recurrences were observed during follow-up (range, 12-60 months; median [SD], 34 [14] months). No deaths occurred. Major complications included acute pancreatitis in 3 patients, 2 of whom developed pancreatic fluid collections that were successfully managed with ultrasound-guided drainage and endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation is a feasible, safe, and effective option for patients with small PNETs who cannot or do not want to undergo surgical resection.
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14902
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Nguyen T, Hattery E, Khatri VP. Radiofrequency ablation and breast cancer: a review. Gland Surg 2014; 3:128-35. [PMID: 25083506 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2014.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) use in breast cancer is a developing area of research. There have been a number of published studies over the last decade, which explores the feasibility of minimally invasive techniques in breast cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the most recent data on radiofrequency ablation and examine the current methods, outcomes, complications, and limitations of RFA in breast cancer therapy. METHODS Pub Med search for English Language articles on RFA in breast cancer. RESULTS More than 25 studies were reviewed and we searched for number of tumors, average size, electrode used, if they successfully ablated the tumor, when the tumor was then resected and if the patients experienced any complication from the ablation. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation is an emerging minimally invasive therapy in small, localized breast cancer. Currently, no clinical trials have been published to directly compare RFA to the current standard of surgical resection. Ultimately, RFA will need clinical trials to evaluate oncologic outcomes involving long interval follow-up to determine survival, local control and disease progression before it becomes a reasonable alternative to surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Davis Heath System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor Hattery
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Davis Heath System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Vijay P Khatri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Davis Heath System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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14903
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Yoon C, Park DJ, Schmidt B, Thomas NJ, Lee HJ, Kim TS, Janjigian YY, Cohen DJ, Yoon SS. CD44 expression denotes a subpopulation of gastric cancer cells in which Hedgehog signaling promotes chemotherapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3974-88. [PMID: 24947926 PMCID: PMC4135312 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancers may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including chemotherapy resistance, and CD44 is a gastric CSC marker. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. Here, we examine the role of HH signaling in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gastric cancer cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined. RESULTS Gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 grown as spheroids or sorted for CD44(+) were found to have upregulation of HH pathway proteins. HH inhibition using Smoothened (Smo) shRNA or vismodegib (VIS) decreased spheroid formation and colony formation. CD44(+) cells, compared with unselected cells, were also resistant to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy, and this resistance was reversed in vitro and in xenografts with Smo shRNA or VIS. CD44(+) cells also had significantly more migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth, and these properties could all be blocked with HH inhibition. Clinical tumor samples from a phase II trial of chemotherapy with or without VIS for advanced gastric cancer were analyzed for CD44 expression. In the chemotherapy alone group, high CD44 expression was associated with decreased survival, whereas in the chemotherapy plus VIS group, high CD44 expression was associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS HH signaling maintains CSC phenotypes and malignant transformation phenotypes in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells, and HH inhibition can reverse chemotherapy resistance in CD44(+) cells. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the strategy of combining chemotherapy with HH inhibition may only be effective in tumors with high CD44 levels.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Anilides/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Leucovorin/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Pyridines/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smoothened Receptor
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Hae-June Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Deirdre J Cohen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
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14904
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Chen SB, Su XD, Ma GW, Lin P, Wen J, Wang FX, Zhang H, Fu JH, Zhang X. Prognostic value of bone marrow micrometastasis in patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a long-term follow-up study. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:1207-13. [PMID: 25157775 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis (BMM) has been focused on as a prognostic parameter in various malignant neoplasms recently. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of BMM detection in patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after long-term follow-up. METHODS In 61 consecutive patients with ESCC who had undergone radical surgical resection, BMM was detected through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Correlation between BMM detection and prognosis of the 61 patients was analyzed. RESULTS BMM was found in 13 patients (21.3%). No significant correlation between BMM detection and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage was found. The median survival time, 5-year overall survival rate, 5-year disease-free survival rate, and 5-year distant disease-free survival rate for cases with positive BMM were 13.0 months, 15.4%, 7.7%, and 34.2%, respectively, compared with that of 66.0 months, 59.7%, 49.1%, and 60.6% for cases with negative BMM (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, BMM were found to be an independent factor in the prediction of overall survival (odds ratio [OR] 3.928, p = 0.001), disease-free survival (OR 4.285, p < 0.001), and distant disease-free survival (OR 3.270, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS BMM is an independent prognostic factor in the prediction of the subsequent development of metastatic disease and disease outcome for operable ESCC patients, and may be a useful adjunct to conventional tumor staging. Further studies are required to evaluate the value of neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy in ESCC patients with BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bin Chen
- *State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; †Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou; ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; §Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou; ‖Departments of Integrative Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College; and ¶Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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14905
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Guo T, Krzystanek M, Szallasi Z, Szallasi A. Thrombocytosis portends adverse prognostic significance in patients with stage II colorectal carcinoma. F1000Res 2014; 3:180. [PMID: 25469228 PMCID: PMC4240242 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4856.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytosis portends adverse prognostic significance in many types of cancers including ovarian and lung carcinoma. In this study, we determined the prevalence and prognostic significance of thrombocytosis (defined as platelet count in excess of 400 × 10 3/μl) in patients with colorectal cancer. We performed a retrospective analysis of 310 consecutive patients diagnosed at our Institution between 2004 and 2013. The patients (48.7% male and 51.3% female) had a mean age of 69.9 years (+/- 12.7 years) at diagnosis. Thrombocytosis was found in a total of 25 patients, with a higher incidence in those with stage III and IV disease (14.4% of patients). Although the mean platelet count increased with the depth of tumor invasion (pT), its values remained within normal limits in the whole patient cohort. No patient with stage I cancer (n=57) had elevated platelet count at diagnosis. By contrast, five of the 78 patients (6.4%) with stage II cancer showed thrombocytosis, and four of these patients showed early recurrence and/or metastatic disease, resulting in shortened survival (they died within one year after surgery). The incidence of thrombocytosis increased to 12.2% and 20.6%, respectively, in patients with stage III and IV disease. The overall survival rate of patients with thrombocytosis was lower than those without thrombocytosis in the stage II and III disease groups, but this difference disappeared in patients with stage IV cancer who did poorly regardless of their platelet count. We concluded that thrombocytosis at diagnosis indicates adverse clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients with stage II or III disease. This observation is especially intriguing in stage II patients because the clinical management of these patients is controversial. If our data are confirmed in larger studies, stage II colon cancer patients with thrombocytosis may be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Guo
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, NJ 07740, USA
| | - Marcin Krzystanek
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, NJ 07740, USA
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14906
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Guo T, Krzystanek M, Szallasi Z, Szallasi A. Thrombocytosis portends adverse prognostic significance in patients with stage II colorectal carcinoma. F1000Res 2014; 3:180. [PMID: 25469228 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4856.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytosis portends adverse prognostic significance in many types of cancers including ovarian and lung carcinoma. In this study, we determined the prevalence and prognostic significance of thrombocytosis (defined as platelet count in excess of 400 K/μl) in patients with colorectal cancer. We performed a retrospective analysis of 310 consecutive patients diagnosed at our institution between 2004 and 2013. The patients (48.7% male and 51.3% female) had a mean age of 69.9 years (+/- 12.7 years) at diagnosis. Thrombocytosis was found in a total of 25 patients, with a higher incidence in those with stage III and IV disease (14.4% of patients). Although the mean platelet count increased with the depth of tumor invasion (pT), its values remained within normal limits in the whole patient cohort. No patient with stage I cancer (n=57) had elevated platelet count at diagnosis. By contrast, five of the 78 patients (6.4%) with stage II cancer showed thrombocytosis, and four of these patients showed early recurrence and/or metastatic disease, resulting in shortened survival (they died within one year after surgery). The incidence of thrombocytosis increased to 12.2% and 20.6%, respectively, in patients with stage III and IV disease. The overall survival rate of patients with thrombocytosis was lower than those without thrombocytosis in the stage II and III disease groups, but this difference disappeared in patients with stage IV cancer who did poorly regardless of their platelet count. We concluded that thrombocytosis at diagnosis indicates adverse clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients with stage II or III disease. This observation is especially intriguing in stage II patients because the clinical management of these patients is controversial. If our data are confirmed in larger studies, stage II colon cancer patients with thrombocytosis should be upstaged and treated as stage III/IV disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Guo
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, NJ 07740, USA
| | - Marcin Krzystanek
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark ; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, NJ 07740, USA
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14907
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Kobayashi S, Nagano H, Sakai D, Eguchi H, Hatano E, Kanai M, Seo S, Taura K, Fujiwara Y, Ajiki T, Takemura S, Kubo S, Yanagimoto H, Toyokawa H, Tsuji A, Terajima H, Morita S, Ioka T. Phase I study of adjuvant gemcitabine or S-1 in patients with biliary tract cancers undergoing major hepatectomy: KHBO1003 study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:699-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14908
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Miao CL, Li CM, Zhou DH. Wnt signaling pathway and hepatic carcinogenesis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3056-3060. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i21.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of signal transduction often occurs in tumor, and the Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most studied signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. Some studies have shown that the Wnt signaling pathway is related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Elucidation of the interactions between factors in the Wnt signaling pathway is important for understanding the pathogenesis of HCC, which can provide a theoretical basis for more effective diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.
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14909
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Ezhapilli SR, Moreno CC, Small WC, Hanley K, Kitajima HD, Mittal PK. Mesenteric masses: Approach to differential diagnosis at MRI with histopathologic correlation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 40:753-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev R. Ezhapilli
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Courtney Coursey Moreno
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - William C. Small
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Krisztina Hanley
- Department of Pathology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Hiroumi D. Kitajima
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Pardeep K. Mittal
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia USA
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14910
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UGT1A1 *6 polymorphism predicts outcome in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with carboplatin, dexamethasone, etoposide and irinotecan. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:65-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14911
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Kirchberg J, Weitz J. [Minimally invasive surgery of primary and secondary liver tumors : indications, techniques and results]. Chirurg 2014; 85:689-95. [PMID: 25052816 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-014-2756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initially, mainly superficial liver lesions were resected laparoscopically but now even major resections are performed using a minimally invasive procedure. Careful selection of suitable patients is of key importance. AIMS AND METHODS This article describes the current state of the art in patient selection and choice of the appropriate laparoscopic technique based on a review of the recent literature. Perioperative and oncological outcome parameters of laparoscopic liver resection are presented. RESULTS Laparoscopic liver resection offers significant benefits compared to open liver resection in terms of reduced intraoperative blood loss, reduced overall and liver-specific complications and length of hospital stay without compromising oncological outcomes. CONCLUSION Lesions in the peripheral anterolateral segments (segments 2, 3, 4b, 5 and 6) are particularly suitable for laparoscopic liver resection. Access to the posterosuperior segments 1, 4a, 7 and 8 is more challenging but safe and feasible in experienced centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kirchberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland,
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14912
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Lai K, Killingsworth MC, Lee CS. The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:854-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14913
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Squires MH, Kooby DA, Pawlik TM, Weber SM, Poultsides G, Schmidt C, Votanopoulos K, Fields RC, Ejaz A, Acher AW, Worhunsky DJ, Saunders N, Jin LX, Levine E, Cho CS, Bloomston M, Winslow E, Cardona K, Staley CA, Maithel SK. Utility of the proximal margin frozen section for resection of gastric adenocarcinoma: a 7-Institution Study of the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:4202-10. [PMID: 25047464 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proximal gastric margin dictates the extent of resection for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The value of achieving negative margins via additional gastric resection after a positive proximal margin frozen section (FS) is unknown. METHODS The US Gastric Cancer Collaborative includes all patients who underwent resection of GAC at seven institutions from 2000-2012. Intraoperative proximal margin FS data and final permanent section (PS) data were classified as R0 or R1, respectively; positive distal margins were excluded. The primary aim was to evaluate the impact on local recurrence of converting a positive proximal FS-R1 margin to a PS-R0 final margin by additional resection. Secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 860 patients, 520 had a proximal margin FS and 67 were positive. Of these, 48 were converted to R0 on PS by additional resection. R0 proximal margin was achieved in 447 patients (86 %), PS-R1 in 25 (5 %), and converted FS-R1-to-PS-R0 in 48 (9 %). The median follow-up was 44 months. Local recurrence was significantly decreased in the converted FS-R1-to-PS-R0 group compared to the PS-R1 group (10 vs. 32 %; p = 0.01). Median RFS was similar between the FS-R1-to-PS-R0 and PS-R1 cohorts (25 vs. 20 months; p = 0.49), compared to 37 months for the PS-R0 group. Median OS was similar between the FS-R1-to-PS-R0 conversion and PS-R1 groups (36 vs. 26 months; p = 0.14) compared to 50 months for the PS-R0 group. On multivariate analysis, increasing T-stage and N-stage were associated with worse OS; the FS-R1-to-PS-R0 proximal margin conversion was not significantly associated with improved RFS (p = 0.68) or OS (p = 0.44). CONCLUSION Conversion of a positive intraoperative proximal margin frozen section during gastric cancer resection may decrease local recurrence, but it is not associated with improved RFS or OS. This may guide decisions regarding the extent of resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Squires
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14914
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Gori M, Barbaro B, Arciello M, Maggio R, Viscomi C, Longo A, Balsano C. Protective effect of the Y220C mutant p53 against steatosis: good news? J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1182-92. [PMID: 24395441 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may progress to fibrosis, and cirrhosis, leading eventually to hepatocarcinoma development. Recently, cases of hepatocarcinoma have been diagnosed in steatotic patients without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The p53 protein, besides its function as tumor suppressor, is emerging as an important regulator of cellular metabolism, but its role in steatosis remains unclear. We induced steatosis in HepG2 (wt-p53) and Huh7.5.1 (Y220C-mutant p53) cells using free fatty acids. We observed a different modulation of p53, different intracellular lipid content, and similar down-regulation of the de novo lipid synthesis genes but opposite modulation of the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway between HepG2 and Huh7.5.1. Accordingly, we found a diverse amount of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species between the two cell lines. Transfection of the wt-p53 in Huh7.5.1 cells reverted the different lipid metabolism behavior observed in these cells. In conclusion, unlike the wt-p53, the Y220C mutant provides a specific protection against steatosis and potentially against its progression. Our findings highlight for the first time an unknown role of a p53 mutant in the setting of steatosis. Being this mutation very frequent in human cancers, this study could be a breakthrough in explaining the occurrence of hepatocarcinoma in steatotic patients without NASH and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Gori
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
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14915
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YANG CHUANG, FU ZHONGXUE. PEG-liposomal oxaliplatin combined with nuclear factor-κB inhibitor (PDTC) induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1617-21. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14916
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Kwon OK, Chung HY, Yu W. Early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for macroscopically serosa-invading gastric cancer patients. Cancer Res Treat 2014; 46:270-9. [PMID: 25038762 PMCID: PMC4132443 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.46.3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritoneal recurrence is one of the most common patterns of recurrence after gastric cancer surgery and it has a poor prognosis despite all efforts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic impact of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) after surgery with curative intent for macroscopically serosa-invading gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 245 patients under the age of 70 were reviewed. These patients were suffering from macroscopically seroa-invading gastric cancer and they underwent curative surgery from 1995 to 2004 at the Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea. The overall survival, gastric cancer-specific survival, complications, and patterns of recurrence were compared between the patients who were treated with EPIC and those who were not. RESULTS EPIC was administered to 65 patients, and the remaining 180 patients did not receive this treatment. The 5-year overall and gastric cancer-specific survival rates for the EPIC group were 47.4% and 53.1%, respectively, and those for the non-EPIC group were 26.7% and 29.7%, respectively (p=0.012 for overall survival and p=0.011 for gastric cancer-specific survival). The rates of peritoneal recurrence for the EPIC group and the non-EPIC group were 18.5% and 32.2%, respectively (p=0.038). There were no significant differences in the morbidity or mortality between the two groups. Based on a multivariate analysis of the factors with prognostic significance in univariate analyses, EPIC, pathological lymph node metastasis, differentiation, and the extent of gastric resection were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The use of EPIC to treat gastric cancer patients with macroscopic serosal invasions resulted in better survival rate by reducing the risk of peritoneal recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Kyoung Kwon
- Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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14917
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Bao X, Gao M, Xu H, Liu KX, Zhang CH, Jiang N, Chu QC, Guan X, Tian Y. A novel oleanolic acid-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticle for liver cancer treatment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1193-203. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.938081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14918
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Imaging bile duct tumors: pathologic concepts, classification, and early tumor detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 38:1334-50. [PMID: 23925840 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-013-0027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bile ducts which has several predisposing factors such as hepatolithiasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and can develop from precancerous conditions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. As surgical resection of early stage cholangiocarcinoma or precancerous lesions may provide better prognosis, early detection of those lesions is very important. Imaging studies play important roles in the diagnosis of bile duct tumors followed by appropriate management. Indeed, not only diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma but also appropriate categorization of bile duct tumors based on their morphologic features and location on cross-sectional imaging studies, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, is important to predict their biologic behaviors, and choose relevant treatment strategies. We herein review the classification system of the bile duct tumors with their radiologic and pathologic findings as well as role of imaging in the early detection of bile duct tumors.
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14919
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Stewart SB, Moul JW, Polascik TJ, Koontz BF, Robertson CN, Freedland SJ, George DJ, Lee WR, Armstrong AJ, Bañez LL. Does the multidisciplinary approach improve oncological outcomes in men undergoing surgical treatment for prostate cancer? Int J Urol 2014; 21:1215-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne B Stewart
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Judd W Moul
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Thomas J Polascik
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Bridget F Koontz
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Cary N Robertson
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
- Department of Pathology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
- Department of Surgery; Durham VA Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - W Robert Lee
- Department of Pathology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Lionel L Bañez
- Division of Urology and the Duke Prostate Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
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14920
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Ranjan R, Nath D, Dey S, Arava S. Multifocal Jejuno-ileal carcinoma in a 7-year-old boy with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: A rare occurence. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35:121-2. [PMID: 25006304 PMCID: PMC4080652 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.133741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ranjan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - Devajit Nath
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - Santosh Dey
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
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14921
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The K-Cl cotransporter KCC3 as an independent prognostic factor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:936401. [PMID: 25110711 PMCID: PMC4119626 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of K–Cl cotransporter 3 (KCC3) in the regulation of cellular invasion and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis performed on 70 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients showed that KCC3 was primarily found in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Although the expression of KCC3 in the main tumor (MT) was related to several clinicopathological features, such as the pT and pN categories, it had no prognostic impact. KCC3 expression scores were compared between the MT and cancer nest (CN), and the survival rate of patients with a CN > MT score was lower than that of patients with a CN ≤ MT score. In addition, the survival rate of patients in whom KCC3 was expressed in the invasive front of tumor was lower than that of the patients without it. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expression of KCC3 in the invasive front was one of the most important independent prognostic factors. The depletion of KCC3 using siRNAs inhibited cell migration and invasion in human ESCC cell lines. These results suggest that the expression of KCC3 in ESCC may affect cellular invasion and be related to a worse prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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14922
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A rare collision tumor composed of follicular lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the ampulla of vater: a case report. Case Rep Pathol 2014; 2014:530727. [PMID: 25002984 PMCID: PMC4066863 DOI: 10.1155/2014/530727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The duodenum is infrequently affected by malignant lymphoma, and follicular lymphomas of the duodenum are rare histological subtypes. There are no reported cases of collision of follicular lymphoma and other tumors in the ampulla of Vater. A 57-year-old Japanese man presented with jaundice, and abdominal computed tomography revealed a tumor of the ampulla of Vater invading the pancreatic head with biliary dilatation and a thickened duodenal wall. The patient underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histopathology of the resected specimen revealed lymphoid follicular formations with small-to-medium-sized centrocyte-like cells and some centroblast-like cells. The atypical lymphoid cells were immunohistochemically positive for CD10, CD20, and CD79a but negative for CD5 and cyclin D1. BCL2 protein was highly expressed in the follicle centers. The diagnosis was duodenal follicular lymphoma, Grade 1. The follicular lymphoma, 40 mm in diameter, involved duodenal submucosa and regional lymph nodes without distant metastasis. This duodenal follicular lymphoma was partially overlapped by adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, measuring 25 × 20 mm, which involved the lower common bile duct, pancreas, and duodenum. We report the first case of a surgically treated collision tumor composed of a rare mass-forming follicular lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
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14923
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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14924
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada
- />Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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14925
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Kose E, Cipe G, Demirgan S, Oguz S. Giant colonic lipoma with prolapse through the rectum treated by external local excision: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1377-1379. [PMID: 25120727 PMCID: PMC4114596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic lipomas are a rare type of gastrointestinal benign tumor. Those that are <2 cm are generally asymptomatic and do not require any treatment. However, those that are >2 cm may be symptomatic, resulting in abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, intestinal obstruction and rectal bleeding. A 39-year-old male patient presented with a mass prolapse through the anal canal, which was causing anal pain and rectal bleeding. The patient was admitted to hospital via the emergency services and directed to the Department of General Surgery with the preliminary diagnosis of a rectal prolapse. A pedunculated polyp (size, 10×8×7.5 cm) was detected at the 35th cm of the anal canal. Due to the large size of the polyp, an endoscopic polypectomy could not be performed. Therefore, the prolapsed lipoma was excised externally and the patient was discharged on the first postoperative day on which no complications were experienced. A colonic lipoma must be considered during the differential diagnosis of anorectal diseases, such as hemorrhoids and rectal prolapses. Local excision, hemicolectomy, and segmental and external resection should be considered in addition to an endoscopic polypectomy for the diagnosis and treatment of colonic lipomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Kose
- Department of General Surgery, Büyükcekmece State Hospital, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cipe
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demirgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34200, Turkey
| | - Sukru Oguz
- Department of Radiology, KTU Farabi Hospital, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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14926
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Characterization and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the non-cirrhotic liver. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:117. [PMID: 24990270 PMCID: PMC4098694 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCC predominantly develops in the condition of chronic inflammation that has led to liver cirrhosis. A small proportion of patients with HCC is diagnosed in the non-cirrhotic liver (NCL). Data on patients with HCC in NCL in advanced stages are scarce. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed comparing 93 patients with HCC in NCL to 571 patients with HCC in liver cirrhosis (LC) with respect to clinical and demographic characteristics. Also factors influencing survival in patients with HCC in NCL were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with HCC in NCL were diagnosed at older age and in more advanced tumor stages than patients with LC. More than 25% of patients with HCC in NCL presented with extrahepatic metastases. Only a minority of patients with HCC in NCL lacked any sign of hepatic damage. Risk factors for LC and risk factors for NAFLD are present in the majority of patients with HCC in NCL. The BCLC classification corresponded with the survival of patients with HCC in NCL although the therapeutic options differ from those for patients with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS It will be one of the major challenges in the future to awake awareness of carrying a risk of hepatic malignancies in patients with chronic liver diseases apart from liver cirrhosis, especially in NAFLD. Surveillance programs need to be implemented if these are cost-effective.
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14927
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McAlister GC, Nusinow DP, Jedrychowski MP, Wühr M, Huttlin EL, Erickson BK, Rad R, Haas W, Gygi SP. MultiNotch MS3 enables accurate, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of differential expression across cancer cell line proteomes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7150-8. [PMID: 24927332 PMCID: PMC4215866 DOI: 10.1021/ac502040v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multiplexed quantitation via isobaric
chemical tags (e.g., tandem
mass tags (TMT) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation
(iTRAQ)) has the potential to revolutionize quantitative proteomics.
However, until recently the utility of these tags was questionable
due to reporter ion ratio distortion resulting from fragmentation
of coisolated interfering species. These interfering signals can be
negated through additional gas-phase manipulations (e.g., MS/MS/MS
(MS3) and proton-transfer reactions (PTR)). These methods, however,
have a significant sensitivity penalty. Using isolation waveforms
with multiple frequency notches (i.e., synchronous precursor selection,
SPS), we coisolated and cofragmented multiple MS2 fragment ions, thereby
increasing the number of reporter ions in the MS3 spectrum 10-fold
over the standard MS3 method (i.e., MultiNotch MS3). By increasing
the reporter ion signals, this method improves the dynamic range of
reporter ion quantitation, reduces reporter ion signal variance, and
ultimately produces more high-quality quantitative measurements. To
demonstrate utility, we analyzed biological triplicates of eight colon
cancer cell lines using the MultiNotch MS3 method. Across all the
replicates we quantified 8 378 proteins in union and 6 168
proteins in common. Taking into account that each of these quantified
proteins contains eight distinct cell-line measurements, this data
set encompasses 174 704 quantitative ratios each measured in
triplicate across the biological replicates. Herein, we demonstrate
that the MultiNotch MS3 method uniquely combines multiplexing capacity
with quantitative sensitivity and accuracy, drastically increasing
the informational value obtainable from proteomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C McAlister
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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14928
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Tian X, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu J, Wu L, Ding Q, Zhang C. The expression of S100A4 protein in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: clinicopathologic significance and prognostic value. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:195-201. [PMID: 24985031 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) is a highly malignant adenocarcinoma arising from bile duct epithelial cells of the intrahepatic biliary system with early hematogenous and lymphatic extrahepatic spread. The current treatment methods for ICC are far from ideal. Identifying novel effective prognostic biomarkers which might be related to the development and progression of ICC may help provide new therapeutic strategies. Both calcium-binding protein S100A4 and Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) are correlated with development and progression of many carcinomas. In the present study, we investigated expression of S100A4 as well as MMP-9 in ICC tissues from 65 patients using immunohistochemistry. The correlation of S100A4 and MMP-9 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients were analyzed. S100A4 and MMP-9 were positively expressed in 32(49.2 %) and 35(53.8%) patients, respectively. The positive correlation between S100A4 and MMP-9 expression was statistically significant (P = 0.018). S100A4 positive expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion (P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.029) and the TNM stage (P = 0.008). MMP-9 expression was not found to be correlated with any clinicopathological parameter. Patients with S100A4 positive expression had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with S100A4 negative expression (P = 0.000). MMP-9 positive expression was also correlated with poor survival (P = 0.044). However, only S100A4 expression (P = 0.004) and the surgical margin (P = 0.024) were significantly independent prognostic predictors by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, expression of S100A4 is correlated with MMP-9 expression and it could be a useful marker for predicting the progression, metastasis and prognosis of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
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14929
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Efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells: an in vivo evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:707089. [PMID: 25093178 PMCID: PMC4100448 DOI: 10.1155/2014/707089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells using an in vivo model. We firstly evaluated the toxicity of a peritoneal injection of distilled water (DW) (2 mL for 3 days) in mice. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed that the peritoneal injection of DW did not severely damage the abdominal organs of these mice. MKN45 gastric cancer cells preincubated with NaCl buffer or DW for 20 minutes in vitro were then intraperitoneally injected into nude mice, and the development of dissemination nodules was analyzed. The total number, weight, and volume of the dissemination nodules were significantly decreased by the DW preincubation. We then determined whether the peritoneal injection of DW inhibited the establishment of peritoneal dissemination. After a peritoneal injection of MKN45 cells into nude mice, NaCl buffer or DW was injected into the abdominal cavity for 3 days. The total volume of dissemination nodules was significantly lower in DW-injected mice than in NaCl-injected mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated the safeness of a peritoneal injection of DW. Furthermore, the development of dissemination nodules from gastric cancer cells was prevented by a preincubation with or peritoneal injection of DW.
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14930
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Osti MF, Agolli L, Bracci S, Masoni L, Valeriani M, Falco T, De Sanctis V, Maurizi Enrici R. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with concomitant boost radiotherapy associated to capecitabine in rectal cancer patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:835-42. [PMID: 24825722 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary end-points were complete pathological response and local control. Secondary end-points were survivals, anal sphincter preservation, and toxicity profile. METHODS Patients with T3/T4 and or N+ rectal cancer (n = 65) were treated with preoperative concomitant boost radiotherapy (55 Gy/25 fractions) associated to concurrent chemotherapy with oral capecitabine. RESULTS All patients completed the programmed treatment. The complete pathological response was achieved by 17 % of the patients. Anal sphincter preservation surgery was possible for 86 % of the patients with low rectal cancer (≤ 5 cm from the anal verge). The T-stage and N-stage downstaging were achieved by 40 and 58 % of the patients, respectively. Circumferential radial margin was involved (close/positive) in eight patients. After a median follow-up of 26 months, local and distant recurrence occurred in two and 11 patients, respectively. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 86.8 and 81 %, respectively. Non-hematological ≥ grade 3 toxicities were observed in 15 % of the patients. On univariate analysis N-downstaging and positive circumferential radial margin were significantly associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.003 and p = 0.023, respectively), disease-free survival (p = 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively).On multivariate analysis, the N-downstaging were significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the efficacy of preoperative treatment for rectal cancer in terms of local outcomes. Radiation treatment intensification may have a biological rationale; longer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia F Osti
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Sant'Andrea Hospital Sapienza Rome University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, 00189, Italy
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14931
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Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex abnormality of hemostasis with dramatic consequences and long described as associated with tumors. Yet the diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic DIC are poorly defined. The purpose of this paper is to review DIC associated with solid tumors, at the pathophysiological and therapeutic levels in particular. We also report data from a recent retrospective series of patients with DIC in the context of a solid tumor, to illustrate the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic.
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14932
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Cabrera-Mendoza F, Gainza-Lagunes S, Castañeda-Andrade I, Castro-Zárate A. Clinical relevance of the K-ras oncogene in colorectal cancer: Experience in a Mexican population. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14933
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Ross JP, Lockett LJ, Tabor B, Saunders IW, Young GP, Macrae F, Blanco I, Capella G, Brown GS, Lockett TJ, Hannan GN. Little evidence for association between the TGFBR1*6A variant and colorectal cancer: a family-based association study on non-syndromic family members from Australia and Spain. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:475. [PMID: 24981199 PMCID: PMC4090415 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide linkage studies have identified the 9q22 chromosomal region as linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition. A candidate gene in this region is transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFBR1). Investigation of TGFBR1 has focused on the common genetic variant rs11466445, a short exonic deletion of nine base pairs which results in truncation of a stretch of nine alanine residues to six alanine residues in the gene product. While the six alanine (*6A) allele has been reported to be associated with increased risk of CRC in some population based study groups this association remains the subject of robust debate. To date, reports have been limited to population-based case–control association studies, or case–control studies of CRC families selecting one affected individual per family. No study has yet taken advantage of all the genetic information provided by multiplex CRC families. Methods We have tested for an association between rs11466445 and risk of CRC using several family-based statistical tests in a new study group comprising members of non-syndromic high risk CRC families sourced from three familial cancer centres, two in Australia and one in Spain. Results We report a finding of a nominally significant result using the pedigree-based association test approach (PBAT; p = 0.028), while other family-based tests were non-significant, but with a p-value <; 0.10 in each instance. These other tests included the Generalised Disequilibrium Test (GDT; p = 0.085), parent of origin GDT Generalised Disequilibrium Test (GDT-PO; p = 0.081) and empirical Family-Based Association Test (FBAT; p = 0.096, additive model). Related-person case–control testing using the “More Powerful” Quasi-Likelihood Score Test did not provide any evidence for association (MQLS; p = 0.41). Conclusions After conservatively taking into account considerations for multiple hypothesis testing, we find little evidence for an association between the TGFBR1*6A allele and CRC risk in these families. The weak support for an increase in risk in CRC predisposed families is in agreement with recent meta-analyses of case–control studies, which estimate only a modest increase in sporadic CRC risk among 6*A allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Ross
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14934
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Djaldetti M, Bessler H. Mononuclear cells phagocytic activity affects the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:679-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14935
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Sisti G, Kanninen TT, Asciutti S, Sorbi F, Fambrini M. Rate of second primary tumors following diagnosed choriocarcinoma: a SEER analysis (1973-2010). Gynecol Oncol 2014; 134:90-5. [PMID: 24836277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 1 in 6 of new cancers has been reported to represent a second primary tumor (SPT). Choriocarcinomas (CCs) are of interest in regard to the rate of SPTs because of the potential exposure to carcinogenic therapy and reports of the benefits of its high human gonadotropin (hCG) levels on cancer incidence. METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients with gestational CC who subsequently developed a SPT. This is a retrospective study, following a cohort of patients during the period 1973-2010. RESULTS We found 818 patients with primary gestational CC. Nineteen patients had a SPT after the CC. Occurrence of several types of cancer resulted significantly higher when compared to the incidence rate in the general population. In particular the highest incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were registered for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (6.3) and thyroid cancer (2.6). The expected rate of lung, breast, colorectal and uterine corpus cancers instead resulted lower than the rate in the general population. Regarding the IRR in the population under 50 years of age, the higher IRRs were related to AML (20) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (5). CONCLUSION The association of thyroid cancer and CC has not been described previously. Increases in hematological cancer following CC lend further support to the established data. The decrease in breast and colon cancers in all age groups supports past data and decreases in uterine and lung cancers are new observations meriting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sisti
- Department of Science for Woman and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Tomi T Kanninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Asciutti
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Science for Woman and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fambrini
- Department of Science for Woman and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14936
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Mundade R, Imperiale TF, Prabhu L, Loehrer PJ, Lu T. Genetic pathways, prevention, and treatment of sporadic colorectal cancer. Oncoscience 2014; 1:400-6. [PMID: 25594038 PMCID: PMC4284625 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cancer of the colon and rectum, also known as colorectal cancer (CRC), results from a progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to uncontrolled growth of colonocytes, the cells lining the colon and rectum. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the third most common cancer in men and in women in the U.S. Of all the patients diagnosed with CRC every year, it is estimated that the vast majority of CRCs are non-hereditary “sporadic cancers” with no apparent evidence of an inherited component. Sporadic CRC results from the cumulative effects of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations caused by somatic mutations, which may themselves be the indirect result of several environmental factors. This review examines our current understanding of the major genetic alterations leading to colon cancer, options for prevention and early detection of CRC, and the currently available treatment approaches that may target these different genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Mundade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Thomas F Imperiale
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Regenstrief Health Center, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Lakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Patrick J Loehrer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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14937
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Section 3. Current status of downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation. Transplantation 2014; 97 Suppl 8:S10-7. [PMID: 24849822 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000446267.19148.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is a well-established option of cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Milan criteria is recognized as standard for selection of patients and set the baseline of survival to be achieved. It has been shown that tumor biology including differentiation, vascular invasion, and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) predict posttransplant recurrence and survival better than morphology. Downstaging by locoregional therapies of HCC before LT, with the response to treatments and progression within observation period, serves as a selection tool rather than modulation of tumor biology. It selects those patients outside standard criteria at presentation but good tumor biology and high chance of good outcome to receive transplantation. The definition of downstaging should be differentiated from neo-adjuvant therapy, and the objectives in surgical and pretransplant candidates also differ.Published studies in this area showed variation in inclusion criteria, downstaging protocol and assessment of successful downstaging. Tumor biology predownstaging and postdownstaging was not incorporated. Posttransplant outcome were not clearly stated with regard to intention-to-treat survival, disease-free survival, and comparison against those originally within criteria. Meta-analysis of these results was impossible. Nevertheless, majority had reasonable protocol and were able to select patients whom likely to have good outcome. At present, there is no evidence that downstaged patients have a poorer prognosis than those presenting within the Milan criteria. Patients with tumors outside Milan criteria should be offered downstaging therapies. Those who are successfully downstaged to within Milan criteria should be eligible to liver transplant as same as those initially fit the criteria. In the last decade, various extended criteria of HCC for LT have been proposed and reported satisfactory survival. That makes downstaging technically unnecessary.To refine and validate the role of downstaging, it needs collaborative and prospective study with significant sample size, adequate preoperative staging, standardized protocol of selection of patients, and approaches to downstaging. Selection criteria should include histopathological data on tumor biology and serum AFP. There should be standardized definition of successful downstaging. Posttransplant disease-free survival should be reported in detail and compared with those who fit the standard criteria initially. A consistent immunosuppressant protocol is important to avoid bias.
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14938
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Dimitroulis D, Tsaparas P, Valsami S, Mantas D, Spartalis E, Markakis C, Kouraklis G. Indications, limitations and maneuvers to enable extended hepatectomy: Current trends. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7887-7893. [PMID: 24976725 PMCID: PMC4069316 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a solid organ with a wide variety of primary benign or malignant tumors as well as metastatic lesions. Surgical resection of these tumors remains the only curative modality. Several limitations, however, do not allow the performance of these operations. This review evaluates the indications and limitations regarding these extended hepatic resections, as well as describing all the manipulations that increase the candidates for such operations. A thorough review of the literature was performed in order to define indications for extended hepatectomy, as well as to present all methods that contribute to increasing the volume of the future remnant liver. The role of portal vein ligation, portal vein embolization, two-stage hepatectomy, and in situ liver transection are evaluated in the setting of indications and results. Extended hepatectomies are a necessity due to oncological reasons. All methods developed in order to increase the volume of the remnant liver are safe and efficient. in situ liver transection is a novel and revolutionary two-step procedure for extended hepatic resections. Further clinical studies are required to estimate long-term results and the oncological basis of this technique.
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14939
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Huang MY, Liu HC, Yen LC, Chang JY, Huang JJ, Wang JY, Lin SR. Decreasing relapse in colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab by using the activating KRAS detection chip. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9639-47. [PMID: 24964961 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The KRAS oncogene was among the first genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) to be discovered. Moreover, KRAS somatic mutations might be used for predicting the efficiency of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapeutic drugs. Because the KRAS mutations are similar in the primary CRC and/or the CRC metastasis, KRAS mutation testing can be performed on both specimen types. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical advantage of using a KRAS pathway-associated molecule analysis chip to analyze CRC patients treated with cetuximab. Our laboratory developed a KRAS pathway-associated molecule analysis chip and a weighted enzymatic chip array (WEnCA) technique, activating KRAS detection chip, which can detect KRAS mutation status by screening circulating cancer cells in the bloodstream. We prospectively enrolled 210 stage II-III CRC patients who received adjuvant oxaliplatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX)-4 chemotherapy with or without cetuximab. We compared the chip results of preoperative blood specimens with disease control status in these patients. Among the 168 CRC patients with negative chip results, 119 were treated with FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab chemotherapy, and their relapse rate was 35.3 % (42/119). In contrast, the relapse rate was 71.4 % among the patients with negative chip results who received FOLFOX-4 treatment alone (35/49). Negative chip results were significantly correlated with better treatment outcomes in the FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab group (P < 0.001). We suggest that the activating KRAS detection chip is a potential tool for predicting clinical outcomes in CRC patients following FOLFOX-4 treatment with or without cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14940
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Dell DD, Held-Warmkessel J, Jakubek P, O'Mara T. Care of the Open Abdomen After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancies. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:438-41. [DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.438-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14941
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Multimodal treatment strategies for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 399:679-92. [PMID: 24962146 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver arising from malignant transformation and growth of biliary ductal epithelium. Approximately 50-70 % of CCAs arise at the hilar plate of the biliary tree, which are termed hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). Various staging systems are currently employed to classify HCs and determine resectability. Depending on the pre-operative staging, the mainstays of treatment include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Surgical resection offers the only chance for cure of HC and achieving an R0 resection has demonstrated improved overall survival. However, obtaining longitudinal and radial surgical margins that are free of tumor can be difficult and frequently requires extensive resections, particularly for advanced HCs. Pre-operative interventions may be necessary to prepare patients for major hepatic resections, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and portal vein embolization. Multimodal therapy that combines chemotherapy with external beam radiation, stereotactic body radiation therapy, bile duct brachytherapy, and/or photodynamic therapy are all possible strategies for advanced HC prior to resection. Orthotopic liver transplantation is another therapeutic option that can achieve complete extirpation of locally advanced HC in judiciously selected patients following standardized neoadjuvant protocols.
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14942
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Soares KC, Kamel I, Cosgrove DP, Herman JM, Pawlik TM. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: diagnosis, treatment options, and management. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 3:18-34. [PMID: 24696835 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis which typically presents in the 6(th) decade of life. Of the 3,000 cases seen annually in the United States, less than one half of these tumors are resectable. A variety of risk factors have been associated with HC, most notably primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), biliary stone disease and parasitic liver disease. Patients typically present with abdominal pain, pruritis, weight loss, and jaundice. Computed topography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) are used to characterize biliary lesions. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) assess local ductal extent of the tumor while allowing for therapeutic biliary drainage. MRCP has demonstrated similar efficacies to PTC and ERCP in identifying anatomic extension of tumors with less complications. Treatment consists of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Biliary drainage of the future liver remnant should be performed to decrease bilirubin levels thereby facilitating future liver hypertrophy. Standard therapy consists of surgical margin-negative (R0) resection with extrahepatic bile duct resection, hepatectomy and en bloc lymphadenectomy. Local resection should not be undertaken. Lymph node invasion, tumor grade and negative margins are important prognostic indicators. In instances where curative resection is not possible, liver transplantation has demonstrated acceptable outcomes in highly selected patients. Despite the limited data, chemotherapy is indicated for patients with unresectable tumors and adequate functional status. Five-year survival after surgical resection of HC ranges from 10% to 40% however, recurrence can be as high as 50-70% even after R0 resection. Due to the complexity of this disease, a multi-disciplinary approach with multimodal treatment is recommended for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Soares
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Oncology, 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ihab Kamel
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Oncology, 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David P Cosgrove
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Oncology, 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M Herman
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Oncology, 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Oncology, 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14943
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Hematulin A, Sagan D, Sawanyawisuth K, Seubwai W, Wongkham S. Association between cellular radiosensitivity and G1/G2 checkpoint proficiencies in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1159-66. [PMID: 24969815 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a destructive malignancy with a poor prognosis and lack of effective medical treatment. Radiotherapy is an alternative treatment for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. However, there are limited data on the radiation responsiveness of individual cholangiocarcinoma cells, which is a key factor that influences radiation treatment outcome. In this study, we found that cholangiocarcinoma cell lines differ remarkably in their radiosensitivity. The variation of radiosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells correlates with their p53 status and existing G1 and/or G2 checkpoint defects. We also demonstrated the potential of checkpoint kinase Chk1/2 inhibition on the enhancement of the radiosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Thus, this study provides useful information for predicting radiation response and provides evidence for the enchantment of radiotherapeutic efficiency by targeting checkpoint kinase Chk1/2 in some subpopulations of cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Hematulin
- Radiobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Daniel Sagan
- Independent Researcher, D-93051 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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14944
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Cardinale V, Bragazzi MC, Carpino G, Torrice A, Fraveto A, Gentile R, Pasqualino V, Melandro F, Aliberti C, Bastianelli C, Brunelli R, Berloco PB, Gaudio E, Alvaro D. Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 2:272-80. [PMID: 24570958 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very heterogeneous cancer from any point of view, including epidemiology, risk factors, morphology, pathology, molecular pathology, modalities of growth and clinical features. Given this heterogeneity, a uniform classification respecting the epidemiologic, pathologic and clinical needs is currently lacking. In this manuscript we discussed the different proposed classifications of CCA in relation with recent advances in pathophysiology and biology of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy; ; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Torrice
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Fraveto
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gentile
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pasqualino
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Melandro
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Aliberti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Bastianelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Brunelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy; ; Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy
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14945
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Olsen C, Bontempi G, Emmert-Streib F, Quackenbush J, Haibe-Kains B. Relevance of different prior knowledge sources for inferring gene interaction networks. Front Genet 2014; 5:177. [PMID: 25009552 PMCID: PMC4067568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When inferring networks from high-throughput genomic data, one of the main challenges is the subsequent validation of these networks. In the best case scenario, the true network is partially known from previous research results published in structured databases or research articles. Traditionally, inferred networks are validated against these known interactions. Whenever the recovery rate is gauged to be high enough, subsequent high scoring but unknown inferred interactions are deemed good candidates for further experimental validation. Therefore such validation framework strongly depends on the quantity and quality of published interactions and presents serious pitfalls: (1) availability of these known interactions for the studied problem might be sparse; (2) quantitatively comparing different inference algorithms is not trivial; and (3) the use of these known interactions for validation prevents their integration in the inference procedure. The latter is particularly relevant as it has recently been showed that integration of priors during network inference significantly improves the quality of inferred networks. To overcome these problems when validating inferred networks, we recently proposed a data-driven validation framework based on single gene knock-down experiments. Using this framework, we were able to demonstrate the benefits of integrating prior knowledge and expression data. In this paper we used this framework to assess the quality of different sources of prior knowledge on their own and in combination with different genomic data sets in colorectal cancer. We observed that most prior sources lead to significant F-scores. Furthermore, their integration with genomic data leads to a significant increase in F-scores, especially for priors extracted from full text PubMed articles, known co-expression modules and genetic interactions. Lastly, we observed that the results are consistent for three different data sets: experimental knock-down data and two human tumor data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Olsen
- Machine Learning Group (MLG), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics Brussels ULB-VUB Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Bontempi
- Machine Learning Group (MLG), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics Brussels ULB-VUB Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Emmert-Streib
- Computational Biology and Machine Learning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, ON, Canada ; Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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14946
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Di Lascio S, Pagani O. Oligometastatic breast cancer: a shift from palliative to potentially curative treatment? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:7-14. [PMID: 24803881 DOI: 10.1159/000358750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A distinctive subset of metastatic breast cancer is represented by the so called 'oligometastatic' disease, characterized by single/few detectable metastatic lesions. A more aggressive multidisciplinary approach can be considered in this patient population: available data report favorable results of 'radical' local therapy for limited metastatic disease at least in a subset of selected patients. Selection bias and the retrospective nature of data do not allow for generalization of the results: the use of such approaches must be individualized and managed within a multidisciplinary team of dedicated specialists. Improvement in surgical and radiation techniques, development of new tools to deliver local chemotherapy, and new procedures (i.e. cryosurgery, laser and microwave ablation) mandate careful evaluation of such single and combined modalities in controlled clinical trials. A more accurate identification of patients with limited metastases and better definition of treatment endpoints will also allow correct patient selection for locally aggressive therapies. This paper focusses on local treatment of the primary tumor and of the most frequent distant disease sites in the presence of oligometastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Lascio
- Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Lugano, Switzerland ; Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland (CSSI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Pagani
- Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Lugano, Switzerland ; Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland (CSSI), Lugano, Switzerland
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14947
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Thosani N, Ferguson K, Buryanek J, Lesslie D, Spinn MP. A rare case of incidental retroperitoneal seminoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endosc Ultrasound 2014; 3:66-7. [PMID: 24949414 PMCID: PMC4063263 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.127129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Thosani
- Department of Gatroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA ; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keshia Ferguson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jamie Buryanek
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donald Lesslie
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew P Spinn
- Department of Gatroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
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14948
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Santos J, Valencia E. [Consensus statement on the clinical management of non-AIDS defining malignancies. GeSIDA expert panel]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:515-22. [PMID: 24953385 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This consensus document has been prepared by a panel of experts appointed by GeSIDA. This paper reviews the recommendations on the most important non-AIDS defining malignancies that can affect patients living with AIDS. Lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, anal carcinoma and other less frequent malignancies such as breast, prostate, vagina or colon cancers are reviewed. The aim of the recommendations is to make clinicians who attend to this patients aware of how to prevent, diagnose and treat this diseases. The recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy when the patient develops a malignancy are also presented. In support of the recommendations we have used the modified criteria of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
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14949
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Zheng BY, Fang XF, Zou LY, Huang YH, Chen ZX, Li D, Zhou LY, Chen H, Wang XZ. The co-localization of HBx and COXIII upregulates COX-2 promoting HepG2 cell growth. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1143-50. [PMID: 24938358 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HBx is a multifunctional regulator that interacts with host factors to contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, to explore the co-localization of HBx and COXIII in HepG2 cells and to investigate the molecular mechanism of HBx in HepG2 cell growth promotion, we first constructed a HepG2 cell line stably expressing the HBx gene in vitro by lentivirus vectors. In addition, we found that HBx co-localized with the inner mitochondrial protein, COXIII, in HepG2 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It led to changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology, including upregulation of COXIII protein expression, increased cytochrome c oxidase activity and higher mitochondrial membrane potential. The upregulation of COX-2 caused by HBx through generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promoted cell growth. Thus, we conclude that co-localization of HBx and COXIII leads to upregulation of COX-2 that promotes HepG2 cell growth. Such a mechanism provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yun Zheng
- Graduate School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Fen Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lai-Yu Zou
- Department of Infection, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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14950
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Huang YL, Lin HG, Yang JW, Jiang FQ, Zhang T, Yang HM, Li CL, Cui Y. Laparoscopy-assisted versus open gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:1490-1499. [PMID: 25035771 PMCID: PMC4100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A raising number of surgeons have chosen laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) as an alternative to open gastrectomy (OG) with D2 lymph node dissection for treatment of advanced gastric cancer (ADG). But no meta-analysis has been performed to evaluate the value of LAG versus OG with regard to safety and efficacy for treatment of ADG. A comprehensive literature research was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase to identify studies that compared LAG and OG with D2 lymph node dissection for treatment of ADG. Data of interest were checked and subjected to meta-analysis with RevMan 5.1 software. 11 studies with 1904 patients (982 in LAG and 922 in OG) were enrolled. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were appropriately derived from random-effects models or fixed-effects models. Compared with OG, LAG was associated with less blood loss (WMD = -144.47; P < 0.05), shorter time of first flatus time (WMD = -0.91; P < 0.05) and postoperative hospital stay (WMD = -3.27; P < 0.05), and lower morbidity (RR = 0.70; P < 0.05), but longer operation time (WMD = 41.78; P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in terms of harvested lymph nodes (WMD = 1.85; P = 0.09), pathological N stage (χ(2) 3.97; P = 0.26), tumor size (WMD = -0.05; P = 0.81), mortality (RR 0.82; P = 0.76), cancer recurrence rate (RR 0.77; P = 0.18) and 3-year overall survival rate (RR 1.09; P = 0.18). Compared with OG, LAG with D2 lymph node dissection for ADG had the advantages of minimal invasion, faster recovery, and fewer complications, and it could achieve the same degree of radicality, harvested lymph nodes, short-term and long-term prognosis as OG, though the operation time was slightly longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100101, China
| | - Hai-Guan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Fu-Quan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
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