1
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Jackson CG, Moore KN, Cantrell L, Erickson BK, Duska LR, Richardson DL, Landrum LM, Holman LL, Walker JL, Mannel RS, Moxley KM, Queimado L, Cohoon A, Ding K, Dockery LE. A phase II trial of bevacizumab and rucaparib in recurrent carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 166:44-49. [PMID: 35491267 PMCID: PMC10428664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the tolerability and efficacy of combination bevacizumab rucaparib therapy in patients with recurrent cervical or endometrial cancer. PATIENTS & METHODS Thirty-three patients with recurrent cervical or endometrial cancer were enrolled. Patients were required to have tumor progression after first line treatment for metastatic, or recurrent disease. Rucaparib was given at 600 mg BID twice daily for each 21-day cycle. Bevacizumab was given at 15 mg/kg on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was efficacy as determined by objective response rate or 6-month progression free survival. RESULTS Of the 33 patients enrolled, 28 were evaluable. Patients with endometrial cancer had a response rate of 17% while patients with cervical cancer had a response rate of 14%. Median progression free survival was 3.8 months (95% C·I 2.5 to 5.7 months), and median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% C·I 7.0 to 15.1 months). Patients with ARID1A mutations displayed a better response rate (33%) and 6-month progression free survival (PFS6) rate (67%) than the entire study population. Observed toxicity was similar to that of previous studies with bevacizumab and rucaparib. CONCLUSIONS The combination of bevacizumab with rucaparib did not show significantly increased anti-tumor activity in all patients with recurrent cervical or endometrial cancer. However, patients with ARID1A mutations had a higher response rate and PFS6 suggesting this subgroup may benefit from the combination of bevacizumab and rucaparib. Further study is needed to confirm this observation. No new safety signals were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Jackson
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - K N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L Cantrell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B K Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L R Duska
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D L Richardson
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L M Landrum
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L L Holman
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J L Walker
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R S Mannel
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - K M Moxley
- Stephenson Cancer Center Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L Queimado
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Cohoon
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - K Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L E Dockery
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Maculins T, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Choi M, Chang P, Chalouni C, Rao S, Kwon Y, Lim J, Katakam AK, Kunz RC, Erickson BK, Huang T, Tsai TH, Vitek O, Reichelt M, Senbabaoglu Y, Mckenzie B, Rohde JR, Dikic I, Kirkpatrick DS, Murthy A. Multiplexed proteomics of autophagy-deficient murine macrophages reveals enhanced antimicrobial immunity via the oxidative stress response. eLife 2021; 10:e62320. [PMID: 34085925 PMCID: PMC8177894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is strongly associated with chronic inflammation. Loss-of-function of the core autophagy gene Atg16l1 increases risk for Crohn's disease in part by enhancing innate immunity through myeloid cells such as macrophages. However, autophagy is also recognized as a mechanism for clearance of certain intracellular pathogens. These divergent observations prompted a re-evaluation of ATG16L1 in innate antimicrobial immunity. In this study, we found that loss of Atg16l1 in myeloid cells enhanced the killing of virulent Shigella flexneri (S.flexneri), a clinically relevant enteric bacterium that resides within the cytosol by escaping from membrane-bound compartments. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that ATG16L1 deficiency significantly upregulated proteins involved in the glutathione-mediated antioxidant response to compensate for elevated oxidative stress, which simultaneously promoted S.flexneri killing. Consistent with this, myeloid-specific deletion of Atg16l1 in mice accelerated bacterial clearance in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological induction of oxidative stress through suppression of cysteine import enhanced microbial clearance by macrophages. Conversely, antioxidant treatment of macrophages permitted S.flexneri proliferation. These findings demonstrate that control of oxidative stress by ATG16L1 and autophagy regulates antimicrobial immunity against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Trent Hinkle
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Meena Choi
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Patrick Chang
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Youngsu Kwon
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Ting Huang
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State UniversityKentUnited States
| | - Olga Vitek
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yasin Senbabaoglu
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brent Mckenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Aditya Murthy
- Interline TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
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3
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Maculins T, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Chang P, Chalouni C, Lim J, Katakam AK, Kunz RC, Erickson BK, Huang T, Choi M, Tsai TH, Vitek O, Reichelt M, Rohde J, Dikic I, Kirkpatrick DS, Murthy A. Multiplexed proteomics of autophagy deficient macrophages reveals enhanced anti-microbial immunity via the oxidative stress response. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.112.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in clearance of cytosolic pathogens. Autophagy functions at the intersection of antimicrobial innate immunity, metabolism and protein quality control; however, the impacts of infection and autophagy on shaping the macrophage proteome are poorly understood. Here, we describe a deep multi-dimensional proteomic analysis of primary murine macrophages infected with Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri). Tandem mass tagging (TMT) revealed dynamic genotype- and infection-dependent differences in host and pathogen proteins, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. These data catalogue the complex circuitry connecting autophagy, inflammatory signaling and the oxidative stress response. Loss of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 induced basal oxidative stress, activated the compensatory glutathione biosynthetic machinery, and surprisingly, enhanced clearance of S. flexneri. Pathogen clearance was similarly enhanced in wild type macrophages upon pharmacological inhibition of cysteine import. Our study provides a resource for innate immunity research and unexpectedly reveals that ATG16L1 dampens antimicrobial immunity by regulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- 1Cancer Immunology, Genentech
- 2Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Huang
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | - Meena Choi
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | | | - Olga Vitek
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | | | | | - Ivan Dikic
- 7Infectious Dis., Genentech
- 8Infectious Dis., Genentech, Germany
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4
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Erickson BK, Schweppe DK, Yu Q, Rad R, Haas W, McAlister GC, Gygi SP. Parallel Notched Gas-Phase Enrichment for Improved Proteome Identification and Quantification with Fast Spectral Acquisition Rates. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2750-2757. [PMID: 31990573 PMCID: PMC7334078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase fractionation enables better quantitative accuracy, improves signal-to-noise ratios, and increases sensitivity in proteomic analyses. However, traditional gas-phase enrichment, which relies upon a large continuous bin, results in suboptimal enrichment, as most chromatographic separations are not 100% orthogonal relative to the first MS dimension (MS1m/z). As such, ions with similar m/z values tend to elute at the same retention time, which prevents the partitioning of narrow precursor m/z distributions into a few large continuous gas-phase enrichment bins. To overcome this issue, we developed and tested the use of notched isolation waveforms, which simultaneously isolate multiple discrete m/z windows in parallel (e.g., 650-700 m/z and 800-850 m/z). By comparison to a canonical gas-phase fractionation method, notched waveforms do not require bin optimization via in silico digestion or wasteful sample injections to isolate multiple precursor windows. Importantly, the collection of all m/z bins simultaneously using the isolation waveform does not suffer from the sensitivity and duty cycle pitfalls inherent to sequential collection of multiple m/z bins. Applying a notched injection waveform provided consistent enrichment of precursor ions, which resulted in improved proteome depth with greater coverage of low-abundance proteins. Finally, using a reductive dimethyl labeling approach, we show that notched isolation waveforms increase the number of quantified peptides with improved accuracy and precision across a wider dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ramin Rad
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wilhem Haas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Graeme C McAlister
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Schweppe DK, Eng JK, Yu Q, Bailey D, Rad R, Navarrete-Perea J, Huttlin EL, Erickson BK, Paulo JA, Gygi SP. Full-Featured, Real-Time Database Searching Platform Enables Fast and Accurate Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2026-2034. [PMID: 32126768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed quantitative analyses of complex proteomes enable deep biological insight. While a multitude of workflows have been developed for multiplexed analyses, the most quantitatively accurate method (SPS-MS3) suffers from long acquisition duty cycles. We built a new, real-time database search (RTS) platform, Orbiter, to combat the SPS-MS3 method's longer duty cycles. RTS with Orbiter eliminates SPS-MS3 scans if no peptide matches to a given spectrum. With Orbiter's online proteomic analytical pipeline, which includes RTS and false discovery rate analysis, it was possible to process a single spectrum database search in less than 10 ms. The result is a fast, functional means to identify peptide spectral matches using Comet, filter these matches, and more efficiently quantify proteins of interest. Importantly, the use of Comet for peptide spectral matching allowed for a fully featured search, including analysis of post-translational modifications, with well-known and extensively validated scoring. These data could then be used to trigger subsequent scans in an adaptive and flexible manner. In this work we tested the utility of this adaptive data acquisition platform to improve the efficiency and accuracy of multiplexed quantitative experiments. We found that RTS enabled a 2-fold increase in mass spectrometric data acquisition efficiency. Orbiter's RTS quantified more than 8000 proteins across 10 proteomes in half the time of an SPS-MS3 analysis (18 h for RTS, 36 h for SPS-MS3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin K Schweppe
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jimmy K Eng
- University of Washington Proteomics Resource, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Derek Bailey
- Thermo Scientific LSMS, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Ramin Rad
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jose Navarrete-Perea
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Edward L Huttlin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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6
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Erickson BK, Mintseris J, Schweppe DK, Navarrete-Perea J, Erickson AR, Nusinow DP, Paulo JA, Gygi SP. Active Instrument Engagement Combined with a Real-Time Database Search for Improved Performance of Sample Multiplexing Workflows. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1299-1306. [PMID: 30658528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics employing isobaric reagents has been established as a powerful tool for biological discovery. Current workflows often utilize a dedicated quantitative spectrum to improve quantitative accuracy and precision. A consequence of this approach is a dramatic reduction in the spectral acquisition rate, which necessitates the use of additional instrument time to achieve comprehensive proteomic depth. This work assesses the performance and benefits of online and real-time spectral identification in quantitative multiplexed workflows. A Real-Time Search (RTS) algorithm was implemented to identify fragment spectra within milliseconds as they are acquired using a probabilistic score and to trigger quantitative spectra only upon confident peptide identification. The RTS-MS3 was benchmarked against standard workflows using a complex two-proteome model of interference and a targeted 10-plex comparison of kinase abundance profiles. Applying the RTS-MS3 method provided the comprehensive characterization of a 10-plex proteome in 50% less acquisition time. These data indicate that the RTS-MS3 approach provides dramatic performance improvements for quantitative multiplexed experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Julian Mintseris
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - José Navarrete-Perea
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Alison R Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David P Nusinow
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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7
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Rose CM, Erickson BK, Schweppe DK, Viner R, Choi J, Rogers J, Bomgarden R, Gygi SP, Kirkpatrick DS. TomahaqCompanion: A Tool for the Creation and Analysis of Isobaric Label Based Multiplexed Targeted Assays. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:594-605. [PMID: 30501201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triggered by Offset, Multiplexed, Accurate mass, High resolution, and Absolute Quantitation (TOMAHAQ) is a recently introduced targeted proteomics method that combines peptide and sample multiplexing. TOMAHAQ assays enable sensitive and accurate multiplexed quantification by implementing an intricate data collection scheme that comprises multiple MSn scans, mass inclusion lists, and data-driven filters. Consequently, manual creation of TOMAHAQ methods can be time-consuming and error prone, while the resulting TOMAHAQ data may not be compatible with common mass spectrometry analysis pipelines. To address these concerns we introduce TomahaqCompanion, an open-source desktop application that enables rapid creation of TOMAHAQ methods and analysis of TOMAHAQ data. Starting from a list of peptide sequences, a user can perform each step of TOMAHAQ assay development including (1) generation of priming run target list, (2) analysis of priming run data, (3) generation of TOMAHAQ method file, and (4) analysis and export of quantitative TOMAHAQ data. We demonstrate the flexibility of TomahaqCompanion by creating a variety of methods testing TOMAHAQ parameters (e.g., number of SPS notches, run length, etc.). Lastly, we analyze an interference sample comprising heavy yeast peptides, a standard human peptide mixture, TMT11-plex, and super heavy TMT (shTMT) isobaric labels to demonstrate ∼10-200 attomol limit of quantification within a complex background using TOMAHAQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics , Genentech , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Rosa Viner
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Jae Choi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Rockford , Illinois 61101 , United States
| | - John Rogers
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Rockford , Illinois 61101 , United States
| | - Ryan Bomgarden
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Rockford , Illinois 61101 , United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics , Genentech , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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8
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Vildhede A, Nguyen C, Erickson BK, Kunz RC, Jones R, Kimoto E, Bourbonais F, Rodrigues AD, Varma MV. Comparison of Proteomic Quantification Approaches for Hepatic Drug Transporters: Multiplexed Global Quantitation Correlates with Targeted Proteomic Quantitation. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:692-696. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Chouchani ET, James AM, Methner C, Pell VR, Prime TA, Erickson BK, Forkink M, Lau GY, Bright TP, Menger KE, Fearnley IM, Krieg T, Murphy MP. Identification and quantification of protein S-nitrosation by nitrite in the mouse heart during ischemia. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14486-14495. [PMID: 28710281 PMCID: PMC5582841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are known to be cardioprotective and to alter energy metabolism in vivo NO3- action results from its conversion to NO2- by salivary bacteria, but the mechanism(s) by which NO2- affects metabolism remains obscure. NO2- may act by S-nitrosating protein thiols, thereby altering protein activity. But how this occurs, and the functional importance of S-nitrosation sites across the mammalian proteome, remain largely uncharacterized. Here we analyzed protein thiols within mouse hearts in vivo using quantitative proteomics to determine S-nitrosation site occupancy. We extended the thiol-redox proteomic technique, isotope-coded affinity tag labeling, to quantify the extent of NO2--dependent S-nitrosation of proteins thiols in vivo Using this approach, called SNOxICAT (S-nitrosothiol redox isotope-coded affinity tag), we found that exposure to NO2- under normoxic conditions or exposure to ischemia alone results in minimal S-nitrosation of protein thiols. However, exposure to NO2- in conjunction with ischemia led to extensive S-nitrosation of protein thiols across all cellular compartments. Several mitochondrial protein thiols exposed to the mitochondrial matrix were selectively S-nitrosated under these conditions, potentially contributing to the beneficial effects of NO2- on mitochondrial metabolism. The permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane to HNO2, but not to NO2-, combined with the lack of S-nitrosation during anoxia alone or by NO2- during normoxia places constraints on how S-nitrosation occurs in vivo and on its mechanisms of cardioprotection and modulation of energy metabolism. Quantifying S-nitrosated protein thiols now allows determination of modified cysteines across the proteome and identification of those most likely responsible for the functional consequences of NO2- exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168, .,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Andrew M James
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Carmen Methner
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria R Pell
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy A Prime
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Brian K Erickson
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168.,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marleen Forkink
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas P Bright
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Katja E Menger
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas Krieg
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
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10
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Huttlin EL, Bruckner RJ, Paulo JA, Cannon JR, Ting L, Baltier K, Colby G, Gebreab F, Gygi MP, Parzen H, Szpyt J, Tam S, Zarraga G, Pontano-Vaites L, Swarup S, White AE, Schweppe DK, Rad R, Erickson BK, Obar RA, Guruharsha KG, Li K, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Gygi SP, Harper JW. Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 2017; 545:505-509. [PMID: 28514442 PMCID: PMC5531611 DOI: 10.1038/nature22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 911] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiology of a cell can be viewed as the product of thousands of proteins acting in concert to shape the cellular response. Coordination is achieved in part through networks of protein-protein interactions that assemble functionally related proteins into complexes, organelles, and signal transduction pathways. Understanding the architecture of the human proteome has the potential to inform cellular, structural, and evolutionary mechanisms and is critical to elucidation of how genome variation contributes to disease1–3. Here, we present BioPlex 2.0 (Biophysical Interactions of ORFEOME-derived complexes), which employs robust affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) methodology4 to elucidate protein interaction networks and co-complexes nucleated by more than 25% of protein coding genes from the human genome, and constitutes the largest such network to date. With >56,000 candidate interactions, BioPlex 2.0 contains >29,000 previously unknown co-associations and provides functional insights into hundreds of poorly characterized proteins while enhancing network-based analyses of domain associations, subcellular localization, and co-complex formation. Unsupervised Markov clustering (MCL)5 of interacting proteins identified more than 1300 protein communities representing diverse cellular activities. Genes essential for cell fitness6,7 are enriched within 53 communities representing central cellular functions. Moreover, we identified 442 communities associated with more than 2000 disease annotations, placing numerous candidate disease genes into a cellular framework. BioPlex 2.0 exceeds previous experimentally derived interaction networks in depth and breadth, and will be a valuable resource for exploring the biology of incompletely characterized proteins and for elucidating larger-scale patterns of proteome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Raphael J Bruckner
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Joe R Cannon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lily Ting
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kurt Baltier
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Greg Colby
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fana Gebreab
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Melanie P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Parzen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stanley Tam
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Zarraga
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Laura Pontano-Vaites
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anne E White
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ramin Rad
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert A Obar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biogen Inc., 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - K G Guruharsha
- Biogen Inc., 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kejie Li
- Biogen Inc., 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biogen Inc., 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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11
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Erickson BK, Rose CM, Braun CR, Erickson AR, Knott J, McAlister GC, Wühr M, Paulo JA, Everley RA, Gygi SP. A Strategy to Combine Sample Multiplexing with Targeted Proteomics Assays for High-Throughput Protein Signature Characterization. Mol Cell 2017; 65:361-370. [PMID: 28065596 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted mass spectrometry assays for protein quantitation monitor peptide surrogates, which are easily multiplexed to target many peptides in a single assay. However, these assays have generally not taken advantage of sample multiplexing, which allows up to ten analyses to occur in parallel. We present a two-dimensional multiplexing workflow that utilizes synthetic peptides for each protein to prompt the simultaneous quantification of >100 peptides from up to ten mixed sample conditions. We demonstrate that targeted analysis of unfractionated lysates (2 hr) accurately reproduces the quantification of fractionated lysates (72 hr analysis) while obviating the need for peptide detection prior to quantification. We targeted 131 peptides corresponding to 69 proteins across all 60 National Cancer Institute cell lines in biological triplicate, analyzing 180 samples in only 48 hr (the equivalent of 16 min/sample). These data further elucidated a correlation between the expression of key proteins and their cellular response to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig R Braun
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison R Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Graeme C McAlister
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert A Everley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Chouchani ET, Kazak L, Jedrychowski MP, Lu GZ, Erickson BK, Szpyt J, Pierce KA, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Vetrivelan R, Clish CB, Robinson AJ, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. Mitochondrial ROS regulate thermogenic energy expenditure and sulfenylation of UCP1. Nature 2016; 532:112-6. [PMID: 27027295 PMCID: PMC5549630 DOI: 10.1038/nature17399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can dissipate chemical energy as heat through thermogenic respiration, which requires uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)1,2. Thermogenesis from BAT and beige adipose can combat obesity and diabetes3, encouraging investigation of factors that control UCP1-dependent respiration in vivo. Herein we show that acutely activated BAT thermogenesis is defined by a substantial increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Remarkably, this process supports in vivo BAT thermogenesis, as pharmacological depletion of mitochondrial ROS results in hypothermia upon cold exposure, and inhibits UCP1-dependent increases in whole body energy expenditure. We further establish that thermogenic ROS alter BAT cysteine thiol redox status to drive increased respiration, and Cys253 of UCP1 is a key target. UCP1 Cys253 is sulfenylated during thermogenesis, while mutation of this site desensitizes the purine nucleotide inhibited state of the carrier to adrenergic activation and uncoupling. These studies identify BAT mitochondrial ROS induction as a mechanism that drives UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and whole body energy expenditure, which opens the way to develop improved therapeutic strategies for combating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gina Z Lu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alan J Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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13
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Kazak L, Chouchani ET, Jedrychowski MP, Erickson BK, Shinoda K, Cohen P, Vetrivelan R, Lu GZ, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Hasenfuss SC, Kajimura S, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. A creatine-driven substrate cycle enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in beige fat. Cell 2015; 163:643-55. [PMID: 26496606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy as heat, and their thermogenic activities can combat obesity and diabetes. Herein the functional adaptations to cold of brown and beige adipose depots are examined using quantitative mitochondrial proteomics. We identify arginine/creatine metabolism as a beige adipose signature and demonstrate that creatine enhances respiration in beige-fat mitochondria when ADP is limiting. In murine beige fat, cold exposure stimulates mitochondrial creatine kinase activity and induces coordinated expression of genes associated with creatine metabolism. Pharmacological reduction of creatine levels decreases whole-body energy expenditure after administration of a β3-agonist and reduces beige and brown adipose metabolic rate. Genes of creatine metabolism are compensatorily induced when UCP1-dependent thermogenesis is ablated, and creatine reduction in Ucp1-deficient mice reduces core body temperature. These findings link a futile cycle of creatine metabolism to adipose tissue energy expenditure and thermal homeostasis. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gina Z Lu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sebastian C Hasenfuss
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Huttlin EL, Ting L, Bruckner RJ, Gebreab F, Gygi MP, Szpyt J, Tam S, Zarraga G, Colby G, Baltier K, Dong R, Guarani V, Vaites LP, Ordureau A, Rad R, Erickson BK, Wühr M, Chick J, Zhai B, Kolippakkam D, Mintseris J, Obar RA, Harris T, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Sowa ME, De Camilli P, Paulo JA, Harper JW, Gygi SP. The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 2015; 162:425-440. [PMID: 26186194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein interactions form a network whose structure drives cellular function and whose organization informs biological inquiry. Using high-throughput affinity-purification mass spectrometry, we identify interacting partners for 2,594 human proteins in HEK293T cells. The resulting network (BioPlex) contains 23,744 interactions among 7,668 proteins with 86% previously undocumented. BioPlex accurately depicts known complexes, attaining 80%-100% coverage for most CORUM complexes. The network readily subdivides into communities that correspond to complexes or clusters of functionally related proteins. More generally, network architecture reflects cellular localization, biological process, and molecular function, enabling functional characterization of thousands of proteins. Network structure also reveals associations among thousands of protein domains, suggesting a basis for examining structurally related proteins. Finally, BioPlex, in combination with other approaches, can be used to reveal interactions of biological or clinical significance. For example, mutations in the membrane protein VAPB implicated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis perturb a defined community of interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lily Ting
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raphael J Bruckner
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fana Gebreab
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stanley Tam
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Zarraga
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Greg Colby
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurt Baltier
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Virginia Guarani
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramin Rad
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak Kolippakkam
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julian Mintseris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert A Obar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathew E Sowa
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Braun CR, Bird GH, Wuhr M, Erickson BK, Rad R, Walensky LD, Gygi SP, Haas W. Generation of multiple reporter ions from a single isobaric reagent increases multiplexing capacity for quantitative proteomics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9855-63. [PMID: 26308379 PMCID: PMC4890644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Isobaric labeling strategies for mass spectrometry-based proteomics enable multiplexed simultaneous quantification of samples and therefore substantially increase the sample throughput in proteomics. However, despite these benefits, current limits to multiplexing capacity are prohibitive for large sample sizes and impose limitations on experimental design. Here, we introduce a novel mechanism for increasing the multiplexing density of isobaric reagents. We present Combinatorial Isobaric Mass Tags (CMTs), an isobaric labeling architecture with the unique ability to generate multiple series of reporter ions simultaneously. We demonstrate that utilization of multiple reporter ion series improves multiplexing capacity of CMT with respect to a commercially available isobaric labeling reagent with preserved quantitative accuracy and depth of coverage in complex mixtures. We provide a blueprint for the realization of 16-plex reagents with 1 Da spacing between reporter ions and up to 28-plex at 6 mDa spacing using only 5 heavy isotopes per reagent. We anticipate that this improvement in multiplexing capacity will further advance the application of quantitative proteomics, particularly in high-throughput screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Braun
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gregory H. Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Martin Wuhr
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian K. Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ramin Rad
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Loren D. Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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16
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Wühr M, Güttler T, Peshkin L, McAlister GC, Sonnett M, Ishihara K, Groen AC, Presler M, Erickson BK, Mitchison TJ, Kirschner MW, Gygi SP. The Nuclear Proteome of a Vertebrate. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2663-71. [PMID: 26441354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the nucleoplasm determines the behavior of key processes such as transcription, yet there is still no reliable and quantitative resource of nuclear proteins. Furthermore, it is still unclear how the distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compositions are maintained. To describe the nuclear proteome quantitatively, we isolated the large nuclei of frog oocytes via microdissection and measured the nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of ∼9,000 proteins by mass spectrometry. Most proteins localize entirely to either nucleus or cytoplasm; only ∼17% partition equally. A protein's native size in a complex, but not polypeptide molecular weight, is predictive of localization: partitioned proteins exhibit native sizes larger than ∼100 kDa, whereas natively smaller proteins are equidistributed. To evaluate the role of nuclear export in maintaining localization, we inhibited Exportin 1. This resulted in the expected re-localization of proteins toward the nucleus, but only 3% of the proteome was affected. Thus, complex assembly and passive retention, rather than continuous active transport, is the dominant mechanism for the maintenance of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wühr
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Güttler
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Graeme C McAlister
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Sonnett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keisuke Ishihara
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron C Groen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc Presler
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Erickson BK, Jedrychowski MP, McAlister GC, Everley RA, Kunz R, Gygi SP. Evaluating multiplexed quantitative phosphopeptide analysis on a hybrid quadrupole mass filter/linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1241-9. [PMID: 25521595 PMCID: PMC4303329 DOI: 10.1021/ac503934f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
As
a driver for many biological processes, phosphorylation remains
an area of intense research interest. Advances in multiplexed quantitation
utilizing isobaric tags (e.g., TMT and iTRAQ) have the potential to
create a new paradigm in quantitative proteomics. New instrumentation
and software are propelling these multiplexed workflows forward, which
results in more accurate, sensitive, and reproducible quantitation
across tens of thousands of phosphopeptides. This study assesses the
performance of multiplexed quantitative phosphoproteomics on the Orbitrap
Fusion mass spectrometer. Utilizing a two-phosphoproteome model of
precursor ion interference, we assessed the accuracy of phosphopeptide
quantitation across a variety of experimental approaches. These methods
included the use of synchronous precursor selection (SPS) to enhance
TMT reporter ion intensity and accuracy. We found that (i) ratio distortion
remained a problem for phosphopeptide analysis in multiplexed quantitative
workflows, (ii) ratio distortion can be overcome by the use of an
SPS-MS3 scan, (iii) interfering ions generally possessed a different
charge state than the target precursor, and (iv) selecting only the
phosphate neutral loss peak (single notch) for the MS3 scan still
provided accurate ratio measurements. Remarkably, these data suggest
that the underlying cause of interference may not be due to coeluting
and cofragmented peptides but instead from consistent, low level background
fragmentation. Finally, as a proof-of-concept 10-plex experiment,
we compared phosphopeptide levels from five murine brains to five
livers. In total, the SPS-MS3 method quantified 38 247 phosphopeptides,
corresponding to 11 000 phosphorylation sites. With 10 measurements
recorded for each phosphopeptide, this equates to more than 628 000
binary comparisons collected in less than 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Erickson
- Harvard Medical School , Department of Cell Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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18
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McAlister GC, Nusinow DP, Jedrychowski MP, Wühr M, Huttlin EL, Erickson BK, Rad R, Haas W, Gygi SP. MultiNotch MS3 enables accurate, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of differential expression across cancer cell line proteomes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7150-8. [PMID: 24927332 PMCID: PMC4215866 DOI: 10.1021/ac502040v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multiplexed quantitation via isobaric
chemical tags (e.g., tandem
mass tags (TMT) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation
(iTRAQ)) has the potential to revolutionize quantitative proteomics.
However, until recently the utility of these tags was questionable
due to reporter ion ratio distortion resulting from fragmentation
of coisolated interfering species. These interfering signals can be
negated through additional gas-phase manipulations (e.g., MS/MS/MS
(MS3) and proton-transfer reactions (PTR)). These methods, however,
have a significant sensitivity penalty. Using isolation waveforms
with multiple frequency notches (i.e., synchronous precursor selection,
SPS), we coisolated and cofragmented multiple MS2 fragment ions, thereby
increasing the number of reporter ions in the MS3 spectrum 10-fold
over the standard MS3 method (i.e., MultiNotch MS3). By increasing
the reporter ion signals, this method improves the dynamic range of
reporter ion quantitation, reduces reporter ion signal variance, and
ultimately produces more high-quality quantitative measurements. To
demonstrate utility, we analyzed biological triplicates of eight colon
cancer cell lines using the MultiNotch MS3 method. Across all the
replicates we quantified 8 378 proteins in union and 6 168
proteins in common. Taking into account that each of these quantified
proteins contains eight distinct cell-line measurements, this data
set encompasses 174 704 quantitative ratios each measured in
triplicate across the biological replicates. Herein, we demonstrate
that the MultiNotch MS3 method uniquely combines multiplexing capacity
with quantitative sensitivity and accuracy, drastically increasing
the informational value obtainable from proteomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C McAlister
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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19
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McNulty NP, Wu M, Erickson AR, Pan C, Erickson BK, Martens EC, Pudlo NA, Muegge BD, Henrissat B, Hettich RL, Gordon JI. Effects of diet on resource utilization by a model human gut microbiota containing Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2, a symbiont with an extensive glycobiome. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001637. [PMID: 23976882 PMCID: PMC3747994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial human gut microbial communities implanted into germ-free mice provide insights into how species-level responses to changes in diet give rise to community-level structural and functional reconfiguration and how types of bacteria prioritize use of available nutrients in vivo. The human gut microbiota is an important metabolic organ, yet little is known about how its individual species interact, establish dominant positions, and respond to changes in environmental factors such as diet. In this study, gnotobiotic mice were colonized with an artificial microbiota comprising 12 sequenced human gut bacterial species and fed oscillating diets of disparate composition. Rapid, reproducible, and reversible changes in the structure of this assemblage were observed. Time-series microbial RNA-Seq analyses revealed staggered functional responses to diet shifts throughout the assemblage that were heavily focused on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. High-resolution shotgun metaproteomics confirmed many of these responses at a protein level. One member, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2, proved exceptionally fit regardless of diet. Its genome encoded more carbohydrate active enzymes than any previously sequenced member of the Bacteroidetes. Transcriptional profiling indicated that B. cellulosilyticus WH2 is an adaptive forager that tailors its versatile carbohydrate utilization strategy to available dietary polysaccharides, with a strong emphasis on plant-derived xylans abundant in dietary staples like cereal grains. Two highly expressed, diet-specific polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in B. cellulosilyticus WH2 were identified, one with characteristics of xylan utilization systems. Introduction of a B. cellulosilyticus WH2 library comprising >90,000 isogenic transposon mutants into gnotobiotic mice, along with the other artificial community members, confirmed that these loci represent critical diet-specific fitness determinants. Carbohydrates that trigger dramatic increases in expression of these two loci and many of the organism's 111 other predicted PULs were identified by RNA-Seq during in vitro growth on 31 distinct carbohydrate substrates, allowing us to better interpret in vivo RNA-Seq and proteomics data. These results offer insight into how gut microbes adapt to dietary perturbations at both a community level and from the perspective of a well-adapted symbiont with exceptional saccharolytic capabilities, and illustrate the value of artificial communities. Our intestines are populated by an almost unimaginably large number of microbial cells, most of which are bacteria. This species assemblage operates as a microbial metabolic organ, performing myriad tasks that contribute to our well-being, including processing components of our diet. The way this incredible machine assembles itself and operates remains mysterious. One approach to understanding its properties is to create artificial communities composed of a limited number of sequenced human gut bacterial species and to install them in the guts of germ-free mice that are then fed different diets. In this report, we adopt this approach. We describe the genome sequence of a new gut bacterial isolate, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2, which is equipped with an unprecedented number of carbohydrate active enzymes. Deploying four different “omics” technologies, we characterize the response to diet, the relative stability, and the temporal dynamics of a 12-species artificial bacterial assemblage (including B. cellulosilyticus WH2) implanted in germ-free mouse guts. We also combine high-throughput substrate utilization screens and RNA-Seq to generate reference data analogous to a “Rosetta stone” in order to decipher what types of carbohydrates B. cellulosilyticus encounters and uses within the gut, and how it interacts with other organisms that have similar and/or distinct “professions.” This work sets the stage for future ecological and metabolic studies of more complex assemblages that more fully emulate the properties of our native gut communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. McNulty
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Meng Wu
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alison R. Erickson
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee–Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chongle Pan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Erickson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Pudlo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Muegge
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee–Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wheeler KE, Erickson BK, Mueller R, Singer SW, Verberkmoes NC, Hwang M, Thelen MP, Hettich RL. Metal affinity enrichment increases the range and depth of proteome identification for extracellular microbial proteins. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:861-70. [PMID: 22191549 DOI: 10.1021/pr200693u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many key proteins, such as those involved in cellular signaling or transcription, are difficult to measure in microbial proteomic experiments due to the interfering presence of more abundant, dominant proteins. In an effort to enhance the identification of previously undetected proteins, as well as provide a methodology for selective enrichment, we evaluated and optimized immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) coupled with mass spectrometric characterization of extracellular proteins from an extremophilic microbial community. Seven different metals were tested for IMAC enrichment. The combined results added ∼20% greater proteomic depth to the extracellular proteome. Although this IMAC enrichment could not be conducted at the physiological pH of the environmental system, this approach did yield a reproducible and specific enrichment of groups of proteins with functions potentially vital to the community, thereby providing a more extensive biochemical characterization. Notably, 40 unknown proteins previously annotated as "hypothetical" were enriched and identified for the first time. Examples of identified proteins includes a predicted TonB signal sensing protein homologous to other known TonB proteins and a protein with a COXG domain previously identified in many chemolithoautotrophic microbes as having a function in the oxidation of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin E Wheeler
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California, United States.
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21
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Cantarel BL, Erickson AR, VerBerkmoes NC, Erickson BK, Carey PA, Pan C, Shah M, Mongodin EF, Jansson JK, Fraser-Liggett CM, Hettich RL. Strategies for metagenomic-guided whole-community proteomics of complex microbial environments. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27173. [PMID: 22132090 PMCID: PMC3223167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate protein identification in large-scale proteomics experiments relies upon a detailed, accurate protein catalogue, which is derived from predictions of open reading frames based on genome sequence data. Integration of mass spectrometry-based proteomics data with computational proteome predictions from environmental metagenomic sequences has been challenging because of the variable overlap between proteomic datasets and corresponding short-read nucleotide sequence data. In this study, we have benchmarked several strategies for increasing microbial peptide spectral matching in metaproteomic datasets using protein predictions generated from matched metagenomic sequences from the same human fecal samples. Additionally, we investigated the impact of mass spectrometry-based filters (high mass accuracy, delta correlation), and de novo peptide sequencing on the number and robustness of peptide-spectrum assignments in these complex datasets. In summary, we find that high mass accuracy peptide measurements searched against non-assembled reads from DNA sequencing of the same samples significantly increased identifiable proteins without sacrificing accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Cantarel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alison R. Erickson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Graduate School of Genome Science & Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nathan C. VerBerkmoes
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Erickson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Graduate School of Genome Science & Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Carey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chongle Pan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Manesh Shah
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Department of Ecology, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Fraser-Liggett
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
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22
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Erickson BK, Mueller RS, VerBerkmoes NC, Shah M, Singer SW, Thelen MP, Banfield JF, Hettich RL. Computational prediction and experimental validation of signal peptide cleavages in the extracellular proteome of a natural microbial community. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2148-59. [PMID: 20218729 DOI: 10.1021/pr900877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An integrated computational/experimental approach was used to predict and identify signal peptide cleavages among microbial proteins of environmental biofilm communities growing in acid mine drainage (AMD). SignalP-3.0 was employed to computationally query the AMD protein database of >16,000 proteins, which resulted in 1,480 predicted signal peptide cleaved proteins. LC-MS/MS analyses of extracellular (secretome) microbial preparations from different locations and developmental states empirically confirmed 531 of these signal peptide cleaved proteins. The majority of signal-cleavage proteins (58.4%) are annotated to have unknown functions; however, Pfam domain analysis revealed that many may be involved in extracellular functions expected within the AMD system. Examination of the abundances of signal-cleaved proteins across 28 proteomes from biofilms collected over a 4-year period demonstrated a strong correlation with the developmental state of the biofilm. For example, class I cytochromes are abundant in early growth states, whereas cytochrome oxidases from the same organism increase in abundance later in development. These results likely reflect shifts in metabolism that occur as biofilms thicken and communities diversify. In total, these results provide experimental confirmation of proteins that are designed to function in the extreme acidic extracellular environment and will serve as targets for future biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Erickson
- Graduate School of Genome Science & Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37830, USA
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23
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Singer SW, Erickson BK, VerBerkmoes NC, Hwang M, Shah MB, Hettich RL, Banfield JF, Thelen MP. Posttranslational modification and sequence variation of redox-active proteins correlate with biofilm life cycle in natural microbial communities. ISME J 2010; 4:1398-409. [DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2010.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Thompson MR, Chourey K, Froelich JM, Erickson BK, VerBerkmoes NC, Hettich RL. Experimental approach for deep proteome measurements from small-scale microbial biomass samples. Anal Chem 2009; 80:9517-25. [PMID: 19072265 DOI: 10.1021/ac801707s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many methods of microbial proteome characterizations require large quantities of cellular biomass (>1-2 g) for sample preparation and protein identification. Our experimental approach differs from traditional techniques by providing the ability to identify the proteomic state of a microbe from a few milligrams of starting cellular material. The small-scale, guanidine lysis method minimizes sample loss by achieving cellular lysis and protein digestion in a single-tube experiment. For this experimental approach, the freshwater microbe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA0010 were used as model organisms for technology development and evaluation. A 2-D LC-MS/MS comparison between a standard sonication lysis method and the small-scale guanidine lysis techniques demonstrates that the guanidine lysis method is more efficient with smaller sample amounts of cell pellet (i.e., down to 1 mg). The described methodology enables deeper proteome measurements from a few milliliters of confluent bacterial cultures. We also report a new protocol for efficient lysis from small amounts of natural biofilm samples for deep proteome measurements, which should greatly enhance the emerging field of environmental microbial community proteomics. This straightforward sample boiling protocol is complementary to the small-scale guanidine lysis technique, is amenable for small sample quantities, and requires no special reagents that might complicate the MS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Thompson
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory-University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37830, USA
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25
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Kertesz V, Connelly HM, Erickson BK, Hettich RL. PTMSearchPlus: Software Tool for Automated Protein Identification and Post-Translational Modification Characterization by Integrating Accurate Intact Protein Mass and Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometric Data Searches. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8387-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901163c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, and Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1060 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Heather M. Connelly
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, and Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1060 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Brian K. Erickson
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, and Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1060 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, and Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1060 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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26
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Hackett RP, Ducharme NG, Gleed RD, Mitchell L, Soderholm LV, Erickson BK, Erb HN. Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increases in pulmonary vascular pressures during exertion? Can J Vet Res 2003; 67:291-6. [PMID: 14620866 PMCID: PMC280714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that the pulmonary vascular pressures of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses behave similarly during exertion. Measurements were made on 5 Thoroughbred and 5 Standardbred horses on a treadmill at rest and during 3-minute exercise intervals at speeds predicted to produce 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal heart rate. Left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were measured continuously. Pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were measured during intermittent occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Breathing rate and gait frequency were the fundamental frequencies of the esophageal pressure and limb acceleration signals respectively. The ratio of speed:gait frequency gave stride length. The effects of exertion and breed were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. Exertion produced significant increases in pulmonary artery (P = 0.001), capillary (P = 0.002), and wedge (P = 0.005) pressures. No significant effect of breed was detected on pulmonary artery pressure, but at exertion pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were 15% (P = 0.03) and 23% (P = 0.04) greater in Thoroughbreds, respectively. Treadmill speed was approximately 12% greater (P = 0.04), stride length was approximately 25% greater (P = 0.0003), gait frequency was approximately 10% less (P = 0.006), breathing rate was approximately 10% less (P = 0.001), and heart rate was approximately 6% less (P = 0.06) for Thoroughbreds. There was no effect of breed on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure although mean esophageal pressure was approximately 2 mmHg greater (P = 0.03) in exercising Standardbreds. In conclusion, pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures are greater in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds at similar fractions of maximal heart rate. This is compatible with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage observed in Thoroughbreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hackett
- Equine Performance Testing Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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27
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Cowan LD, Hudson LS, Erickson BK, Huszti HC, Neas BR, Kinney SK, Asal NR. Secular trends in the prevalence of HIV infection among a population of males with hemophilia, 1988-1997: the Oklahoma Hemophilia Surveillance System. J Okla State Med Assoc 1999; 92:462-7. [PMID: 10504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the natural history of HIV/AIDS in the hemophilia community is useful for planning future health care needs and for adjusting estimates of the prevalence of hemophilia as the impact of HIV/AIDS wanes over time. The present study was designed to determine the annual prevalence of HIV infection from 1988 through 1997 in a population of males with hemophilia A or B. Data were obtained from the Oklahoma Hemophilia Surveillance System and were limited to individuals who were seen at the Oklahoma Hemophilia Treatment Center. In 1988, the prevalence rate of HIV infection was 34 percent. Rates have declined in each subsequent year through 1997. The highest rates of HIV infection were observed in persons with severe hemophilia and hemophilia A. The overall prevalence rates of HIV infection in this treatment center population are lower than those reported in other populations. No new cases of HIV infection were observed in persons with hemophilia born after 1985.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Cowan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, OUHSC, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
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28
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Hackett RP, Ducharme NG, Ainsworth DM, Erickson BK, Erb HN, Soderholm LV, Thorson LM. Effects of extrathoracic airway obstruction on intrathoracic pressure and pulmonary artery pressure in exercising horses. Am J Vet Res 1999; 60:485-94. [PMID: 10211694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) results in pulmonary artery hypertension and leads to increases in transmural pulmonary artery pressure (TPAP); to determine whether pulmonary hypertension can be prevented by prior administration of furosemide; and to determine whether tracheostomy reduces pulmonary hypertension. ANIMALS 7 healthy horses. PROCEDURE Horses were subjected to 3 conditions (control conditions, conditions after induction of DDSP, and conditions after tracheostomy). Horses were evaluated during exercise after being given saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or furosemide. RESULTS Controlling for drug, horse, and speed of treadmill, DDSP-induced increase in intrathoracic pressure was associated with a significant increase in minimum (36 mm Hg), mean (82 mm Hg), and maximum (141 mm Hg) pulmonary artery pressure, compared with values for control horses (30, 75, and 132 mm Hg, respectively). Increases in pulmonary artery pressure did not induce concomitant increases in TPAP. Tracheostomy led to a significant reduction of minimum (53 mm Hg), and mean (79 mm Hg) TPAP pressure, compared with values for control horses (56 and 83 mm Hg, respectively). When adjusted for horse, speed of treadmill, and type of obstruction, all aspects of the pulmonary artery and TPAP curves were significantly decreased after administration of furosemide, compared with those for horses given saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. CONCLUSIONS DDSP was associated with increases in pulmonary artery pressure but not with increases in TPAP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Expiratory obstructions such as DDSP are likely to result in pulmonary hypertension during strenuous exercise, but may not have a role in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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O'Brien PJ, Dameron GW, Beck ML, Kang YJ, Erickson BK, Di Battista TH, Miller KE, Jackson KN, Mittelstadt S. Cardiac troponin T is a sensitive, specific biomarker of cardiac injury in laboratory animals. Lab Anim Sci 1997; 47:486-95. [PMID: 9355091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A reliable serum assay that can discriminate between cardiac and skeletal muscle injury is not available for diagnostic use in laboratory animals. We tested and supported the hypotheses that serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was widely applicable in laboratory animals as a biomarker of cardiac injury arising from various causes; that it increased in proportion to severity of cardiac injury; and that it was more cardiospecific than creatine kinase (CK) or lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isozyme activities. In canine and rat models of myocardial infarction, cTnT concentration increased 1,000- to 10,000-fold and was highly correlated with infarct size within 3 h of injury. Serum CK and LD isozymes were substantially less effective biomarkers and, in contrast to cTnT, were ineffective markers in the presence of moderate skeletal muscle injury, with resulting serum CK activity > 5,000 U/L. Using these animal models, and mouse and ferret models, we also showed cTnT to be an effective biomarker in doxorubicin cardiotoxicosis, traumatic injury, ischemia, and cardiac puncture. Reference range serum concentrations for all species were at the detection limit of the assay, except those for mice, in which they were slightly increased, possibly because mice were used to generate assay monoclonal antibodies. We conclude that cTnT is a powerful biomarker in laboratory animals for the sensitive and specific detection of cardiac injury arising from various causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J O'Brien
- Human Safety Department, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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30
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Jackson JA, Ducharme NG, Hackett RP, Rehder RS, Ainsworth DM, Shannon KJ, Erickson BK, Erb HN, Jansson N, Soderholm LV, Thorson LM. Effects of airway obstruction on transmural pulmonary artery pressure in exercising horses. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58:897-903. [PMID: 9256978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether laryngeal hemiplegia would increase transmural pulmonary artery pressure (TPAP). ANIMALS 6 horses. DESIGN Horses were studied under 5 conditions: control conditions, after induction of left laryngeal hemiplegia, during obstruction of the left nostril, after placement of an instrumented tracheostomy, and after placement of an open tracheostomy. Horses were evaluated after being given saline solution and after being given furosemide. PROCEDURES Horses were exercised on a high speed treadmill, using a maximum speed of 13 m/s. During each exercise, airway pressures, airflow, esophageal and pulmonary artery pressures, and blood gas partial pressures were measured. RESULTS When adjusted for horse, speed, and obstruction condition, mean TPAP (pulmonary artery pressure-esophageal pressure) and minimum TPAP were significantly lower after administration of furosemide than after administration of saline solution. In horses given saline solution, respiratory obstruction that increased intrapleural pressure significantly increased mean TPAP, and respiratory obstruction that decreased intrapleural pressure significantly decreased minimum TPAP. CONCLUSIONS Changes in intrapleural pressure appear to play an important role in pulmonary artery pressure and TPAP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because induction of laryngeal hemiplegia did not increase TPAP, laryngeal hemiplegia is unlikely to contribute to development of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jackson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Although the horse is considered an elite athlete with a specific VO2max some 2-4 times higher than man, maximal O2 transport is compromised both by moderately severe arterial desaturation and by failure to extract all O2 from blood perfusing exercising muscle. This prompted the present study to ascertain whether correction of arterial desaturation would proportionally augment VO2max and, if so, would O2 extraction behave in a manner predicted by diffusional transport limitation. Six two year old thoroughbreds were exercised to VO2max on a treadmill each on three separate occasions breathing gases of FIO2 = 0.15, 0.21 and 0.35, each used once in balanced order. VO2, ventilation, arterial and pulmonary arterial blood gases, pressures and lactate levels were measured both submaximally and maximally at each FIO2 and cardiac output was computed by mass balance for O2. At FIO2 = 0.21, VO2max = 143.9 +/- 4.8 ml kg-1 min-1, arterial saturation (SaO2) was 81.6 +/- 3.3% while venous PO2 (PvO2) was 15.3 +/- 1.4 Torr. At FIO2 = 0.35, VO2max was 172.6 +/- 8.2 ml kg-1 min-1, SaO2 reached 97.4 +/- 0.4% and PvO2 was 23.4 +/- 0.7 Torr. VO2max at FIO2 = 0.15 was 109.8 +/- 4.1 ml kg-1 min-1, SaO2 fell to 68.1 +/- 2.5% and PvO2 was 10.6 +/- 1.0 Torr, all changes being significant, p < 0.01. As FIO2 was varied, VO2max changed proportionally to calculated mean capillary Po2 as well as to total O2 delivery. These data confirm substantial O2 supply dependence of VO2max in the horse, and in such a manner as to be consistent with the hypothesis of combined diffusive and convective transport limitation within muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Wagner
- Department of Medicine 0623A, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0623, USA
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Grassi B, Poole DC, Richardson RS, Knight DR, Erickson BK, Wagner PD. Muscle O2 uptake kinetics in humans: implications for metabolic control. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 80:988-98. [PMID: 8964765 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.3.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics in response to an augmented energetic requirement (on-transition) has never been directly determined in humans. We have developed a constant-infusion thermodilution technique that allowed rapid measurements of leg blood flow (Qleg) and, in conjunction with frequent serial measurement of arteriovenous O2 content difference across the leg [(Ca - Cv)O2leg], permitted the determination of the VO2 of the leg (VO2leg) at 3- to 4-s time intervals. VO2leg kinetics during the on-transition was taken as a close approximation of muscle VO2 (VO2mus) kinetics. Alveolar VO2 (VO2A), Qleg, leg O2 delivery [(Q.CaO2leg)], (Ca - Cv)O2leg, and VO2leg kinetics were determined in six trained subjects [age 22.8 +/- 4.4 (SD) yr; maximal O2 uptake 59.1 +/- 5.3 ml.kg-1.min-1] during the transition from unloaded pedaling to a workload (loaded pedaling; LP) (183 +/- 20 W) well below the previously determined ventilatory threshold. For all variables, two distinct phases were recognized. During the first 10-15 s of loaded pedaling (phase I), VO2A, Qleg, and (Q.CaO2)leg increased rapidly, whereas VO2leg increased only slightly and (Ca - Cv)O2leg actually decreased. After phase I, all variables showed a monoexponential increase (phase II), with similar time courses [slightly faster for (Ca - CV)O2leg]. In a consideration of both phases, the half times of the responses among variables were not significantly different: 25.5 +/- 2.6 s for VO2A, 26.6 +/- 7.6 s for Qleg, 26.9 +/- 8.3 s for (Q.CaO2leg, 23.5 +/- 1.3 s for (Ca - Cv)O2leg, and 27.9 +/- 5.7 s for VO2leg. We conclude that during the on-transition the kinetics of VO2A and VO2leg, as measured by these methods, are similar. The analysis of the early phase (first 10-15 s) of the on-transition indicates that bulk delivery of O2 to the working muscles is not limiting VO2leg kinetics. However, the present results cannot discriminate between maldistribution of blood flow/VO2 vs. inertia the intracellular oxidative machinery as the limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0623, USA
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Johnson EC, Erickson BK, Podolsky A, Birks EK, Keipert PE, Faithfull NS, Wagner PD. Effects of a perfluorocarbon emulsion for enhanced O2 solubility on hemodynamics and O2 transport in dogs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1995; 79:1777-86. [PMID: 8594041 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1995.79.5.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon emulsions raise blood O2 solubility and thus augment O2 transport, but their cardiopulmonary effects at higher doses may limit their use. We therefore examined effects of increasing doses of perfluorooctylbromide emulsion (Oxy) on 1) pulmonary gas exchange, 2) pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, and 3) mixed venous PO2 (PVO2). After hematocrit reduction to 24-26% by exchange with 5% albumin, anesthetized ventilated dogs breathing 100% O2 were given Oxy (n = 6) or 5% albumin (n = 5) intravenously in four successive 3 ml/kg doses. After each dose, arterial and venous PO2, PCO2, and pH, [O2], hematocrit, heart rate, and systemic, pulmonary arterial, and airway pressures were measured. Ventilation-perfusion relationships and cardiac output (QT) were determined by the multiple inert gas method. Oxy at 12 ml/kg almost doubled blood O2 solubility, increasing arterial [O2] by 1.28 ml/100 ml but did not affect O2 consumption and ventilation-perfusion relationships. QT rose by 21% after 3 ml/kg, then fell with increasing doses (-18% from baseline after 12 ml/kg); O2 delivery remained constant. Oxy at > 6 ml/kg increased systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance considerably. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance increased slightly. Airway pressures were unaffected. PVO2 rose from 66 to 77 Torr (6 ml/kg), then fell to 72 Torr (12 ml/kg), in accord with theoretical-predictions. In this model, Oxy 1) dose not impair pulmonary gas exchange in doses up to 12 ml/kg, 2) leads to progressively higher systemic vascular resistance and fall in QT at > 3-6 ml/kg, possibly because of increased blood viscosity, and 3) augments PVO2, as predicted from the increase in plasma O2 solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0623, USA
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Erickson BK, Seaman J, Kubo K, Hiraga A, Kai M, Yamaya Y, Wagner PD. Hypoxic helium breathing does not reduce alveolar-arterial PO2 difference in the horse. Respir Physiol 1995; 100:253-60. [PMID: 7481115 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(94)00138-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we evaluated the mechanism of alveolar-arterial PO2 (AaPO2) reduction when nitrogen is replaced with helium in normoxia (FIO2 = 0.21). The reduction in AaPO2 was not due to changes in VA/Q inequality, pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity, or cardiac output, but to more complete diffusion equilibration as a consequence of the higher ventilation and thus PAO2 (which reduced the average slope of the hemoglobin O2 dissociation curve (ODC), and thus enhanced diffusive equilibration). We hypothesized that hypoxic He/O2 breathing in contrast would not reduce the AaPO2 because PAO2 and PaO2, although higher with He than N2, would remain constrained to the linear region of the ODC. Breathing hypoxic gas mixtures did constrain the PAO2 to the linear region of the ODC, even when PAO2 was increased by He/O2 breathing. Thus, the average slope of the ODC did not change when He replaced N2 and this explains the lack of change in AaPO2, as hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo
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Abstract
Exercise in normal human subjects causes deterioration of matching of ventilation to blood flow in the lungs, but only in about 50% of those examined. A previous study (Wagner et al. 1989) of 5 horses showed no significant worsening of ventilation/blood flow (VA/Q) relationships during heavy exercise as determined by multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Because of the small number of horses in that study and the 50% human incidence of exercise induced VA/Q mismatch, we studied an additional 6 Thoroughbreds, comparing VA/Q relationships at the walk (1.4 m/s, 0 degrees incline) and during galloping (9.6 +/- 0.3 m/s, 7% incline). Such data were collected under 4 different conditions wherein inspired gas was 1) air, 2) 21% O2 in helium, 3) 15% O2 in N2 and 4) 15% O2 in helium. Each horse exercised 4 times (morning and afternoon of 2 days, with inspired gas conditions randomised). There was a small but significant increase in VA/Q mismatch (similar under all 4 conditions). The second moment of the VA/Q distribution (determined by the MIGET) increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 0.31 +/- 0.01 at the walk to 0.38 +/- 0.02 during gallop. This increase however is small: 0.38 is well within the range of this parameter for normal human subjects (where the 95% upper confidence limit is 0.60). This study shows that a small amount of exercise induced VA/Q mismatch can occur in the horse as in man, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated and its clinical significance remains to be established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seaman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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Forster HV, Erickson BK, Lowry TF, Pan LG, Korducki MJ, Forster AL. Effect of helium-induced ventilatory unloading on breathing and diaphragm EMG in awake ponies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 77:452-62. [PMID: 7961269 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two questions were addressed in this study: 1) Does respiratory resistive unloading (inspired O2 fraction = 0.21, inspired He fraction = 0.79) elicit a compensatory reduction in stimulation of the diaphragm? 2) Do diaphragm and lung afferents contribute to compensatory responses to unloading? Ten intact (I), five diaphragm-deafferented (DD), four hilar nerve-denervated (HND), and seven DD+HND adult ponies were studied at rest and during mild and moderate treadmill exercise. During steady-state unloading at rest, duration of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) was less (P < 0.05) than control in I ponies, but there were no additional significant changes in breathing or blood gases. Unloading during mild and moderate exercise increased (P < 0.05) pulmonary ventilation in all groups, and this response did not differ (P > 0.05) among the groups. With unloading during exercise, arterial PCO2 was within 1 Torr of control except in the DD+HND ponies, which were 1-2 Torr hypocapnic (P < 0.05). During exercise, the duration and rate of rise of the EMGdi were reduced (P < 0.05) below control, beginning at about the third unloaded breath. The decrease in rate of rise was usually not sustained, inasmuch as there was a gradual return toward control over 2 min of unloading. There were no consistent group differences in these EMGdi responses. We conclude that resistive unloading during mild and moderate exercise in ponies results in a transient reduction in neural drive to the diaphragm that is not critically dependent on diaphragm and pulmonary afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Erickson BK, Seaman J, Kubo K, Hiraga A, Kai M, Yamaya Y, Wagner PD. Mechanism of reduction in alveolar-arterial PO2 difference by helium breathing in the exercising horse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 76:2794-801. [PMID: 7928913 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that replacing N2 in air with He at the same inspired O2 fraction reduces the exercise-induced alveolar-arterial PO2 difference (AaPO2) in horses but has provided no mechanism explaining this effect. We sought to distinguish among possible causes by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Six horses were studied on a high-speed treadmill while they breathed either ambient air or normoxic He-O2. O2 uptake reached 138.0 ml.min-1.kg-1 and was not affected by He-O2. Temperature-corrected arterial PO2 was 76.7 Torr (air) and 86.9 Torr (He-O2) (P < 0.01). Corresponding AaPO2 was 22.3 and 15.9 Torr, respectively (P < 0.01). Mean AaPO2 predicted from ventilation-perfusion inequality did not change with He-O2 (12.7 Torr with air and 11.9 Torr with He-O2). Mean arterial PCO2 was 50.1 Torr with air and 44.1 Torr with He-O2 (P < 0.01); minute ventilation and tidal volume were correspondingly higher by 140 l/min and 1.0 liter, respectively, with He-O2. Pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity, cardiac output, and all ventilation-perfusion dispersion indexes did not change with He-O2. Intrapulmonary shunt was insignificant. Higher ventilation with He-O2 explained only approximately 4 Torr of the 10-Torr rise observed in arterial PO2. The remainder (and the corresponding fall in AaPO2) was due to more complete diffusion equilibration as a consequence of the higher minute ventilation and thus alveolar PO2, which reduced the average slope of the O2 dissociation curve, thereby increasing the ratio of diffusive to perfusive conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo
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Erickson BK, Forster HV, Lowry TF, Pan LG, Korducki MJ, Forster AL, Forster MA. Changes in respiratory muscle activity in ponies when end-expiratory lung volume is increased. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 76:2015-25. [PMID: 8063664 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether lung and diaphragm afferents contribute to the changes in respiratory muscle activity when end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) is changed in ponies. We studied the responses of the diaphragm and the transversus abdominis (TA) muscles to passive increases in EELV in awake intact (I), diaphragm-deafferented (DD), pulmonary vagal- (hilar nerve) denervated (HND), and DD + HND ponies. Negative pressure of -10 or -20 cmH2O applied around the ponies' torsos [positive transrespiratory (TR) pressure] increased (P < 0.05) EELV in all ponies; the increases were more (P < 0.05) in HND and less (P < 0.05) in DD than in I ponies. In I ponies, positive TR pressure increased (P < 0.05) the rate of rise of the integrated diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG), reflecting increased drive to the muscle. This increase was less (P < 0.05) in DD and HND than in I ponies. In DD + HND ponies, there was no significant (P > 0.10) change in drive to the diaphragm during positive TR pressure. In I ponies, positive TR pressure increased (P < 0.05) the duration and mean activity of the TA EMG. In HND and DD + HND ponies, the TA EMG was not altered by positive TR pressure. I and DD ponies decreased (P < 0.05) breathing frequency but maintained tidal volume (VT) during positive TR pressure. HND and DD+HND ponies increased breathing frequency (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) VT during positive TR pressure. We conclude that, during positive TR pressure when the diaphragm is presumably at a mechanical disadvantage, diaphragm and vagal afferents mediate increased drive to the diaphragm to prevent VT from decreasing. In addition, during positive TR pressure, vagal afferents mediate an increase in duration of TA activity, which minimizes the increase in EELV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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Forster HV, Lowry TF, Pan LG, Erickson BK, Korducki MJ, Forster MA. Diaphragm and lung afferents contribute to inspiratory load compensation in awake ponies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 76:1330-9. [PMID: 8005879 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the effect of pulmonary vagal (hilar nerve) denervation (HND) and diaphragm deafferentation (DD) on inspiratory load compensation. We studied awake intact (I; n = 10), DD (n = 5), HND (n = 4), and DD+HND (n = 7) ponies at rest and during mild (1.8 mph, 5% grade) and moderate (1.8 mph, 15% grade) treadmill exercise before, during, and after resistance of the inspiratory circuit was increased from approximately 1.5 to approximately 20 cmH2O.l-1.s. During the first loaded breath in I ponies at rest, inspiratory time (TI) increased, expiratory time decreased, and inspiratory drive increased. There were minimal changes after the first breath, and inspiratory minute ventilation (VI) and arterial PCO2 did not change (P > 0.10) from control values. On the first loaded breath during exercise, TI increased but inspiratory drive either did not change or decreased from control values. TI and drive increased after the first breath, but the increases were insufficient to maintain VI and arterial PCO2 at control levels. First-breath load compensation remained after DD, HND, and DD+HND, but after DD+HND tidal volume and VI were compensated 5-10% less (P < 0.05) than in I ponies. In all groups inspiratory drive, tidal volume, and VI were markedly augmented on the first breath after loading was terminated with a gradual return toward control. We conclude that diaphragm and pulmonary afferents contribute to but are not essential for inspiratory load compensation in awake ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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Richardson RS, Poole DC, Knight DR, Kurdak SS, Hogan MC, Grassi B, Johnson EC, Kendrick KF, Erickson BK, Wagner PD. High muscle blood flow in man: is maximal O2 extraction compromised? J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 75:1911-6. [PMID: 8282650 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During conventional cycle ergometry, as work rate (WR) is increased toward maximum, O2 extraction increases hyperbolically, typically achieving values of 80-90% at peak O2 uptake (VO2). In contrast, studies using isolated knee-extensor exercise report much higher mass-specific blood flows (Q) and lower maximal O2 extractions (approximately 70%), which have been interpreted as transit time limitation to O2 movement out of the muscle capillary. However, maximal achievable WR levels during conventional cycle ergometry are generally reached (over 10-15 min) after rapid increases in WR, whereas the reported knee-extensor studies have used only more lengthy protocols (45 min). The duration of these protocols may have prevented the attainment of high WR levels and thus high O2 extraction ratios. Accordingly, this investigation examined leg Q and O2 extraction responses during single-leg knee-extensor exercise incremented rapidly (steps of 15-25 W per 2- to 3-min interval), which produced fatigue in 13-15 min. Q and muscle VO2 increased linearly with WR to fatigue with Q-WR and VO2-WR slopes similar to those reported in previous knee-extensor studies. However, with the use of this protocol, very high maximal achievable WR [99 +/- 6 (SE) W] and muscle Q (385 +/- 26 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1) levels were attained, some 80% greater than previously reported. An O2 extraction of 84.6 +/- 2.1% was reached, giving a maximal VO2 of 60.2 +/- 5.8 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1. We conclude that, even under the high Q conditions of single-leg knee-extensor exercise, O2 extraction does not reach a plateau on the basis of short transit times and that previous conclusions to the contrary reflect failure to attain sufficiently high WR levels. Maximal VO2, Q, and O2 extraction in this model have yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla 92093-0623
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Forster HV, Dunning MB, Lowry TF, Erickson BK, Forster MA, Pan LG, Brice AG, Effros RM. Effect of asthma and ventilatory loading on arterial PCO2 of humans during submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 75:1385-94. [PMID: 8226555 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, attenuating carotid chemoreceptor activity by hyperoxia does not alter arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) during submaximal exercise, yet a transient hypercapnia occurs in carotid chemoreceptor-resected (CBR) asthmatic subjects during submaximal exercise. We hypothesized that this difference was due to asthma and not CBR causing the abnormal response. Accordingly, we determined the temporal pattern of PaCO2 during mild and moderate exercise in chemoreceptor-intact asthmatic (n = 10) and nonasthmatic subjects (n = 10). We also hypothesized that hyperoxia alters PaCO2 during exercise if exercise already has disrupted PaCO2 homeostasis. Accordingly, we studied, during exercise, asthmatic subjects while hyperoxic; nonasthmatic subjects during loaded breathing of room air, which increased PaCO2; and nonasthmatic subjects during loaded breathing while hyperoxic. While breathing room air, neither asthmatic nor nonasthmatic subjects maintained arterial isocapnia during exercise. An increase in PaCO2 between rest and exercise and between mild exercise and 1st min of moderate exercise was greater in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic subjects (P < 0.05). In six asthmatic subjects that were hypercapnic breathing room air during exercise, hypercapnia was accentuated by hyperoxia. The ventilatory load in nonasthmatic subjects resulted in a work load-dependent hypercapnia (P < 0.01) accentuated (P < 0.01) by hyperoxia. We conclude that normally in humans the carotid chemoreceptors contribute minimally to the hyperpnea of submaximal exercise. However, when PaCO2 is increased from resting values during exercise, then the chemoreceptors serve to augment ventilation and thereby minimize the hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Erickson BK, Erickson HH, Coffman JR. Pulmonary artery and aortic pressure changes during high intensity treadmill exercise in the horse: effect of frusemide and phentolamine. Equine Vet J 1992; 24:215-9. [PMID: 1606935 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous frusemide (1.0 mg/kg bwt) or phentolamine (0.33 mg/kg bwt) was given to 7 horses 1 h before exercise and their effects on pulmonary artery and aortic pressure changes during strenuous exercise were examined. Short-term near-maximal treadmill exercise (10 m/sec, 3 degrees incline) produced increases in heart rate, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), mean aortic pressure (AP), and packed cell volume (PCV). Frusemide did not affect heart rate, PAP or PCV during exercise. Frusemide significantly decreased mean AP by 10 to 15 mmHg during exercise. Phentolamine produced an increase in heart rate relative to control only early in exercise but not during later, more strenuous, exercise. Phentolamine had no statistically significant effect on AP, PAP, or PCV, but a significant reduction was observed between 180 and 230 sec of exercise when PAP and AP were standardised against heart rate. Frusemide did not prevent horses from haemorrhaging during exercise in this study. Treatment with phentolamine did not sufficiently reduce the PAP and AP to test our hypothesis that a reduction in PAP and AP would eliminate EIPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Brown DR, Forster HV, Lowry TF, Forster MA, Forster AL, Gutting SM, Erickson BK, Pan LG. Effect of chronic hypoxia on breathing and EMGs of respiratory muscles in awake ponies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1992; 72:739-47. [PMID: 1559954 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing, diaphragmatic and transversus abdominis electromyograms (EMGdi and EMGta, respectively), and arterial blood gases were studied during normoxia (arterial PO2 = 95 Torr) and 48 h of hypoxia (arterial PO2 = 40-50 Torr) in intact (n = 11) and carotid body-denervated (CBD, n = 9) awake ponies. In intact ponies, arterial PCO2 was 7, 5, 9, and 11 Torr below control (P less than 0.01) at 1 and 10 min and 5 and 24-48 h of hypoxia, respectively. In CBD ponies, arterial PCO2 was 3-4 Torr below control (P less than 0.01) at 4, 5, 6, and 24 h of hypoxia. In intact ponies, pulmonary ventilation, mean inspiratory flow rate, and rate of rise of EMGdi and EMGta changed in a multi-phasic fashion during hypoxia; each reached a maximum during the 1st h (P less than 0.05), declined between 1 and 5 h (P less than 0.05), and increased between 5 and 24-48 h of hypoxia. As a result of the increased drive to the diaphragm, the mean EMGdi was above control throughout hypoxia (P less than 0.05). In contrast, as a result of a sustained reduction in duration of the EMGta, the mean EMGta was below control for most of the hypoxic period. In CBD ponies, pulmonary ventilation and mean inspiratory flow rate did not change during chronic hypoxia (P greater than 0.10). In these ponies, the rate of rise of the EMGdi was less than control (P less than 0.05) for most of the hypoxic period, which resulted in the mean EMGdi to also be less than control (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Brown
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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Erickson BK, Forster HV, Pan LG, Lowry TF, Brown DR, Forster MA, Forster AL. Ventilatory compensation for lactacidosis in ponies: role of carotid chemoreceptors and lung afferents. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1991; 70:2619-26. [PMID: 1909315 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) and pulmonary ventilation (VE) in normal, carotid chemoreceptor-denervated, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies during intravenous lactic acid infusion at rest and treadmill exercise at 1.8 mph-5% grade (mild) and 1.8 mph-15% grade (moderate). Lactic acid, (0.5 M) infusion of 0.10, 0.13, and 0.20 ml.min-1.kg-1 at rest and mild and moderate exercise increased arterial [H+] linearly throughout the 10 min of acid infusion. At 10 min of infusion, arterial [H+] had increased approximately 20 nmol/l (0.2 pH units) for each condition and group. Under most conditions, the temporal pattern of PaCO2 during acid infusion was biphasic. At rest and during mild exercise in all groups, and in carotid chemoreceptor-denervated ponies during moderate exercise, PaCO2 increased approximately 2 Torr (P less than 0.05) during the first 2 min of acid infusion. However, in normal ponies during moderate exercise, PaCO2 was not changed from control in the first 2 min of infusion. Between 2 and 10 min of infusion at rest and mild and moderate exercise in all groups, there was a 5-Torr significant decrease in PaCO2, which did not differ (P greater than 0.10) between groups. VE increased between 15-30 s and 2 min of infusion, but VE changed minimally between 2 and 10 min of infusion at rest and exercise in all groups of ponies. We conclude that lactacidosis does increase VE at rest and submaximal exercise in the pony.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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Erickson BK, Erickson HH, Coffman JR. Pulmonary artery, aortic and oesophageal pressure changes during high intensity treadmill exercise in the horse: a possible relation to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. Equine Vet J 1990:47-52. [PMID: 9259806 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in packed cell volume (PCV), pulmonary artery and aortic pressures, and the interaction between oesophageal pressure and pulmonary artery and aortic pressures during strenuous exercise in the horse. It was hypothesised that oesophageal pressure changes summate with pulmonary artery and aortic pressures during exercise and contribute to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). Acute treadmill exercise (10 m/sec, 3 degrees incline) produced increases in heart rate (HR) from 50 to 202 beats/min; mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) from 28 to 80 mmHg; mean aortic pressure (AP) from 108 to 157 mmHg; and PCV from 0.35 to 0.52 litres/litre. EIPH was observed in three of seven horses after treadmill exercise, but no differences in the above variables were observed between the two groups of horses. Electronic subtraction of the oesophageal pressure signal from PAP and AP signals indicated peak transmural pressures of approximately 150 mmHg pulmonary and 175 mmHg aortic pressure. The elevated PAP associated with exercise appeared related more to increased HR and less to PCV (blood viscosity) or AP (bronchial). Both pulmonary artery and aortic peak transmural vascular pressures were substantially influenced by oesophageal pressure changes; peak and mean pulmonary artery and aortic pressures were significantly higher than resting pressures, and may conceivably contribute to EIPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Erickson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Erickson HH, Sexton WL, Erickson BK, Coffman JR. Oxygen transfer in the trained and untrained quarter horse. Adv Exp Med Biol 1988; 227:327-31. [PMID: 3381704 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5481-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Erickson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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