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Halboub E, Al-Maweri SA, Parveen S, Al-Wesabi M, Al-Sharani HM, Al-Sharani A, Al-Kamel A, Albashari A, Shamala A. Zinc supplementation for prevention and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126811. [PMID: 34146924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a very common oral ulcerative disease with no definitive cure. Growing evidence suggests a significant association between zinc deficiency and RAS. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of systemic zinc supplementations in the prevention and management of RAS. METHODS Five databases were searched for all English and Chinese studies published up to November 2020. All clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of zinc supplementations in the management and/or prevention of RAS were included. RESULTS Seven clinical trials comprising 482 RAS patients (250 in zinc group) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The follow-up period ranged from three months to one year. Five studies showed significantly better efficacy of zinc in reducing the recurrence rates of RAS, whereas two studies did not report any significant differences compared to the controls. Four studies reported on signs/symptoms of RAS, three of which showed superior outcomes in favour of zinc, while one study reported comparable results. CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation seems to be efficacious in the management and prevention of RAS. However, further clinical trials with standardized methodologies and adequate follow-up periods are required to confirm the efficacy of zinc supplementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen.
| | - Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen.
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Wesabi
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Yemen; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Amani Al-Sharani
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Ahlam Al-Kamel
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | | | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Sandru F, Petca A, Dumitrascu MC, Petca RC, Carsote M. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Skin manifestations and endocrine anomalies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1387. [PMID: 34650635 PMCID: PMC8506952 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare autosomal dominant serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11)/ liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene-related genodermatosis, is characterized by oral hyperpigmentation (OHP); multiple gastro-intestinal mucosal benign hamartomatous polyps causing local bleeding, occlusion, intussusception, post-resection small bowel syndrome, associated increased risk of small intestinal cancer (incidence during the third decade); and 76% cumulative higher risk than the global population of developing non-gastrointestinal tumors (female predominance) including ovarian/testicular neoplasia, pancreatic and gynecologic (breast, uterus, ovarian) cancers. Suggestive PJS-associated OHP requires STK11 genetic testing. Abdominal pain in an OHP patient may be related to PJS-associated polyps. Other features include focal depigmentation followed by hyperpigmentation, and xeroderma pigmentosum-like lesions. The severity of the dermatological findings is correlated with gastrointestinal polyps. The STK11 gene is linked to reserve of primordial follicles, polycystic ovary syndrome, female fertility, and spermatogenesis. PJS is associated with 2 types of ovarian sex-cord stroma tumors (SCSTs): annular tubules (SCTATs) and pure Sertoli cell tumors. SCSTs accounts for 8% of ovarian cancer and SCTATs represents 2% of SCST, which may be associated with the overproduction of progesterone. PJS-SCTAT vs. non-PJS-SCTAT reveals bilateral/multifocal, small tumors with a benign behavior vs. a unique ovarian, large tumor with increased malignant/metastasis risk. Male precocious puberty is due to large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs). Notably, 30-40% of LCCSCTs are caused by PJS or Carney complex. PJS-LCCSCT is not aggressive, but it may be bilateral/multifocal, with the ultrasound hallmark being micro-calcifications. Testicular, intra-tubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell tumor is the second testicle neoplasia in PJS. The skin and mucosal lesions are useful markers of PJS, assisting with the early identification of hamartomatouspolyps and initiation of serial surveillance of ovarian, or testicular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elias’ Emergency Hospital, 022461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Urology, ‘Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele’ Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, ‘C. I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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103
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Lee B, Ibrahim SA, Zhang T. Mobile Apps Leveraged in the COVID-19 Pandemic in East and South-East Asia: Review and Content Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e32093. [PMID: 34748515 PMCID: PMC8589041 DOI: 10.2196/32093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic increased attention to digital tools to support governmental public health policies in East and South-East Asia. Mobile apps related to the COVID-19 pandemic continue to emerge and evolve with a wide variety of characteristics and functions. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating such apps in this region, with most of the available studies conducted in the early days of the pandemic. Objective This study aimed to examine free apps developed or supported by governments in the East and South-East Asian region and highlight their key characteristics and functions. We also sought to interpret how the release dates of these apps were related to the commencement dates of other COVID-19 public health policies. Methods We systematically searched for apps in Apple App Store and Google Play Store and analyzed the contents of eligible apps. Mobile apps released or updated with COVID-19–related functions between March 1 and May 7, 2021, in Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, China (mainland), Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines were included. The CoronaNet Research Project database was also examined to determine the timeline of public health policy commencement dates in relation to the release dates of the included apps. We assessed each app’s official website, media reports, and literature through content analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize relevant information gathered from the mobile apps using RStudio. Results Of the 1943 mobile apps initially identified, 46 were eligible, with almost 70% of the apps being intended for the general public. Most apps were from Vietnam (n=9, 20%), followed by Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand (n=6 each, 13%). Of note, most apps for quarantine monitoring (n=6, 13%) were mandatory for the target users or a population subset. The most common function was health monitoring (32/46, 70%), followed by raising public health awareness (19/46, 41%) through education and information dissemination. Other functions included monitoring quarantine (12/46, 26%), providing health resources (12/46, 26%). COVID-19 vaccination management functions began to appear in parallel with vaccine rollout (7/46, 15%). Regarding the timing of the introduction of mobile solutions, the majority of mobile apps emerged close to the commencement dates of other public health policies in the early stages of the pandemic between March and April 2020. Conclusions In East and South-East Asia, most governments used mobile health apps as adjuncts to public health measures for tracking COVID-19 cases and delivering credible information. In addition, these apps have evolved by expanding their functions for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohee Lee
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Siti Aishah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiying Zhang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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104
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Crosstalk between the oral microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the epithelial barrier regulates oral mucosal disease pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1247-1258. [PMID: 34040155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal disease (OMD), which is also called soft tissue oral disease, is described as a series of disorders or conditions affecting the mucosa and soft tissue in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unclear, but emerging evidence has implicated the influence of the composition of the oral mucosa and saliva-resident microbiota. In turn, this dysbiosis effects the immune response balance and epithelial barrier function, followed by the occurrence and progression of OMD. In addition, oral microbial dysbiosis is diverse in different types of diseases and different disease progressions, suggesting that key causal pathogens may exist in various oral pathologies. This narrative literature review primarily discusses the most recent findings focusing on how microbial dysbiosis communicates with mucosal adaptive immune cells and the epithelial barrier in the context of five representative OMDs, including oral candidiasis (OC), oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to provide new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of OMDs.
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105
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Klimkowski S, Ibrahim M, Ibarra Rovira JJ, Elshikh M, Javadi S, Klekers AR, Abusaif AA, Moawad AW, Ali K, Elsayes KM. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and the Role of Imaging: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205121. [PMID: 34680270 PMCID: PMC8533703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentations, multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps, and an elevated risk of malignancy. Awareness of various Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome imaging patterns, associated malignancies, and their complications is crucial for accurate imaging interpretation and patient management. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of this condition, associated malignancies, and imaging surveillance protocols. Abstract The Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant neoplastic syndrome defined by hamartomatous polyps through the gastrointestinal tract, development of characteristic mucocutaneous pigmentations, and an elevated lifetime cancer risk. The majority of cases are due to a mutation in the STK11 gene located at 19p13.3. The estimated incidence of PJS ranges from 1:50,000 to 1:200,000. PJS carries an elevated risk of malignancies including gastrointestinal, breast, lung, and genitourinary (GU) neoplasms. Patients with PJS are at a 15- to 18-fold increased malignancy risk relative to the general population. Radiologists have an integral role in the diagnosis of these patients. Various imaging modalities are used to screen for malignancies and complications associated with PJS. Awareness of various PJS imaging patterns, associated malignancies, and their complications is crucial for accurate imaging interpretation and patient management. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive overview of PJS, associated malignancies, and surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Klimkowski
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Kansas-Wichita, Wichita, KS 67214, USA; (M.I.); (K.A.)
| | - Juan J. Ibarra Rovira
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elshikh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas Medica Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Sanaz Javadi
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Albert R. Klekers
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdelraham A. Abusaif
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed W. Moawad
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Mercy Catholic Health System, Darby, PA 19023, USA;
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Kansas-Wichita, Wichita, KS 67214, USA; (M.I.); (K.A.)
| | - Khaled M. Elsayes
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77555, USA; (J.J.I.R.); (S.J.); (A.R.K.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.M.E.)
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106
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Yang L, Wu M, Wang Y, Peng B. The Influence of Family Function on State Anxiety of Chinese College Students During the Epidemic of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701945. [PMID: 34603130 PMCID: PMC8481681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect mental health. There is little research about the influence of family function on the state anxiety of college students in the context of the global pandemic. The study aimed to clarify that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and trait anxiety had mediating effects in family function on the state anxiety of Chinese college students following the "stay-at-home" order during the outbreak of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was conducted online with 1,039 respondents. We analyzed demographics, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (ST-AI) and Chinese Family Function Scale (FAD-18), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and used path analysis to discuss the influence of family function on state and trait anxiety. The results showed that female students' state and trait anxiety was higher than that of male students (P < 0.05). Medical students' state and trait anxiety was lower than that of literature students (P < 0.05). The GAD of the male was lower compared with the female. The score of family function has significant differences in gender, age, education, and region (P < 0.05). Gender, family function, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and GAD relate to others (r = 0.07∼0.85, p < 0.05). The results of fit indices for measurement invariance models showed that the impact of family function among GAD, state and trait anxiety across gender is significantly different (each step p < 0.05). GAD and trait anxiety had a complete meditating effect between family function and state anxiety (the proportion of standard indirect mediating effect was 24.94% in females and 36.79% in males). A healthy family function may alleviate GAD and anxiety of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Yang
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Wu
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Al-Maweri SA, Alaizari N, Alanazi RH, Ashraf S, Alanazi RH, Al-Sharani HM, Halboub E. Efficacy of hyaluronic acid for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6561-6570. [PMID: 34542725 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a very common oral mucosal disease, and its management is quite challenging with no definitive cure being available so far. Many studies have tried hyaluronic acid (HA) for alleviating signs and symptoms of RAS. The present systematic review sought to assess the available evidence regarding the efficacy of HA in management of RAS. METHODS Two reviewers independently conducted extensive search in four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and the gray literature, with no restriction to date or language of the publication. All clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of HA in reducing signs and symptoms of RAS were included. Risk of bias was assessed by two reviewers independently, using the Cochrane assessment tool. Due to substantial heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was feasible. RESULTS Out of the 75 identified articles, nine clinical trials involving 538 RAS patients (259 in HA group) were included. The risk of bias was high in five studies, low in one study, and unclear in three studies. The comparative groups varied greatly across the included studies: triamcinolone (in three studies), chlorhexidine mouthwash, lidocaine, placebo, iodine glycerin, diclofenac, and laser therapy. Overall, the results revealed a good efficacy of HA in alleviating pain and shortening the healing time of RAS, without any reported side effects. Compared to triamcinolone, HA showed superior results in one study, and comparable results in two studies. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests that HA is a promising treatment option for RAS. However, given the huge heterogeneity of the included studies and high risk of bias in some of these studies, the evidence is inconclusive. Further well-designed clinical trials with standardized methodologies and adequate sample sizes are warranted to discern the efficacy of HA for RAS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hyaluronic acid might be a viable alternative therapeutic option for patients with RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Nader Alaizari
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Hejji Alanazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajna Ashraf
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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108
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Claridge B, Lozano J, Poh QH, Greening DW. Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734720. [PMID: 34616741 PMCID: PMC8488228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields' utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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109
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Osman M, Papon N. Smoking-aggravated oral candidiasis: Nrf2 pathway dampens NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9473-9475. [PMID: 34486221 PMCID: PMC8500950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While cigarette smoke compounds are known to have immunosuppressive effects on the oral mucosa, the relationship between in vivo immune dysfunction caused by smoking and the development of oral Candida infections remains largely unexplored. In a recent issue of The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ye and colleagues provide evidence that smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which in turn negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome. This opens new perspective in considering Nrf2 as a relevant target for smoking‐induced C. albicans‐related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Papon
- GEIHP, SFR ICAT, University of Brest, University of Angers, Angers, France
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110
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Lv H, Tsang OT, So RTY, Wang Y, Yuan M, Liu H, Yip GK, Teo QW, Lin Y, Liang W, Wang J, Ng WW, Wilson IA, Peiris JSM, Wu NC, Mok CKP. Homologous and heterologous serological response to the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2296-2305. [PMID: 34089541 PMCID: PMC8237060 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing numbers of infected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses serious threats to public health and the global economy. Most SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies target the receptor binding domain (RBD) and some the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein, which is the major antigen of SARS-CoV-2. While the antibody response to RBD has been extensively characterized, the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the NTD protein are less well studied. Using 227 plasma samples from COVID-19 patients, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 NTD-specific antibodies could be induced during infection. As compared to the results of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, the serological response of SARS-CoV-2 NTD is less cross-reactive with SARS-CoV, a pandemic strain that was identified in 2003. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies are rarely elicited in a mice model when NTD is used as an immunogen. We subsequently demonstrate that NTD has an altered antigenicity when expressed alone. Overall, our results suggest that while NTD offers a supplementary strategy for serology testing, it may not be suitable as an immunogen for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Lv
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Owen Tak‐Yin Tsang
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret HospitalHospital Authority of Hong Kong
| | - Ray T. Y. So
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Yiquan Wang
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Garrick K. Yip
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Qi Wen Teo
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Yihan Lin
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Weiwen Liang
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Jinlin Wang
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Wilson W. Ng
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. S. Malik Peiris
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Nicholas C. Wu
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Chris K. P. Mok
- HKU‐Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
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111
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Desideri E, Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR, Fratantonio D. Extracellular vesicles in endothelial cells: from mediators of cell-to-cell communication to cargo delivery tools. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:508-520. [PMID: 34214634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released from most cell types that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying DNA, non-coding RNAs, proteins and lipids out of cells. The composition of EVs depends on the cell or tissue of origin and changes according to their pathophysiological conditions, making EVs a potential circulating biomarker of disease. Additionally, the natural tropism of EVs for specific organs and cells has raised the interest in their use as delivery vehicles. In this review, we provide an overview of EV biogenesis, isolation and characterization. We also discuss EVs in the context of endothelial pathophysiology, summarizing the current knowledge about their role in cell communication in quiescent and activated endothelial cells. In the last part, we describe the potential use of EVs as delivery vehicles of bioactive compounds and the current strategies to load exogenous cargo and to functionalize EVs to drive them to a specific tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, 00163, Rome, Italy.
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Targeting immunosuppressor cells with nanoparticles in autoimmunity: How far have we come to? Cell Immunol 2021; 368:104412. [PMID: 34340162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is the assault of immune response towards self-antigens, resulting to inflammation and tissue injury. It is staged into three phases and caused by malfunction of immune tolerance. In our body, immune tolerance is synchronized by several immunosuppressor cells such as regulatory T cells and B cells as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are prominently dysregulated in autoimmunity. Hence, targeting these cell populations serve as a significant potential in the therapy of autoimmunity. Nanotechnology with its advantageous properties is shown to be a remarkable tool as drug delivery system in this field. This review focused on the development of therapeutics in autoimmune diseases utilizing various nanoparticles formulation based on two targeting approaches in autoimmunity, passive and active targeting. Lastly, this review outlined the approved present nanomedicines as well as in clinical evaluations and issues regarding the lack of translation of these nanomedicines into the market, despite the abundant of positive experimental observations.
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113
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Wei Y, Wang L, Tan L, Li Q, Zhou D. Occupational Commitment of Chinese Kindergarten Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictions of Anti-Epidemic Action, Income Reduction, and Career Confidence. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL 2021; 49:1031-1045. [PMID: 34248326 PMCID: PMC8255334 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-021-01232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights a survey on 5783 kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment and its influencing factors in the socioeconomic context of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through the WenJuanXing public online platform. Quantitative analysis results showed that kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment was optimistic on the whole during this period, among which the affective commitment and the normative commitment were satisfactory, but the continuing commitment needed to be strengthened. The type of kindergartens, the personnel affiliation, the educational background, and the professional post of kindergarten teachers had significant impacts on their occupational commitment. The income reduction was negatively correlated with and predictive of kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. Anti-epidemic action and career confidence were positively correlated with and predictive of kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. Furthermore, anti-epidemic action, income reduction, and career confidence had joint predictive effects on kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. More related backgrounds and suggestions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wei
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Li Tan
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
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114
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El-Tanbouly R, Hassan Z, El-Messeiry S. The Role of Indoor Plants in air Purification and Human Health in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposal for a Novel Line of Inquiry. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:709395. [PMID: 34277711 PMCID: PMC8279815 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.709395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have seen the discovery of novel retroviruses that have resulted in severe negative consequences for human health. In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged with a high transmission rate and severe effects on human health, with 5% infected persons requiring hospitalisation and 3.81 million deaths to date globally. Aerosol particles containing virions are considered the main source of SARS CoV-2 transmission in this pandemic, with increased infection rates in confined spaces. Consequently, public and private institutions had to institute mitigation measures including the use of facial masks and social distancing to limit the spread of the virus. Moreover, the role of air purification and bio-decontamination is understood as being essential to mitigate viral spread. Various techniques can be applied to bio-decontaminate the air such as the use of filtration and radiation; however, these methods are expensive and not feasible for home use. Another method of air purification is where indoor plants can purify the air by the removal of air pollutants and habituated airborne microbes. The use of indoor plants could prove to be a cost-efficient way of indoor air-purification that could be adapted for a variety of environments with no need for special requirements and can also add an aesthetic value that can have an indirect impact on human health. In this review, we discuss the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the currently used air purification methods, and we propose the use of indoor plants as a new possible eco-friendly tool for indoor air purification and for reducing the spread of COVID-19 in confined places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania El-Tanbouly
- Department of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Design, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ziad Hassan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah El-Messeiry
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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115
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Xiang H, Cheng D, Guo H, Wang Y, Jia Z, Gao Q. Relationships of interleukin-17 polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous ulcer risk in a Han Chinese population. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520976833. [PMID: 33351682 PMCID: PMC7758661 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interleukin (IL)-17 is a multifunctional cytokine with important roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This case–control study explored the relationships of IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) morbidity and severity. Methods IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 SNPs were measured in 125 patients with RAU and 116 healthy control participants. The genotype distributions, disease risks, and relationships with RAU severity were analyzed. Results RAU risk was associated with rs2275913 after adjustment for age, body mass index, sex, smoking status, and drinking status (AA vs. GG: odds ratio [OR], 2.759; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.381–5.512; A allele vs. G allele: OR, 1.783; 95% CI, 1.242–2.560). TC and CC genotypes in rs763780, and the corresponding C allele, demonstrated greater prevalence among patients with RAU, compared with the TT genotype (TC vs. TT, OR: 1.895; 95% CI: 1.088–3.301; CC vs. TT, OR: 4.080, 95% CI: 1.079–15.425; C allele vs. T allele, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.257–3.083). Serum IL-17 concentrations were also higher in patients with RAU than in control participants. These concentrations were associated with IL-17 polymorphisms. Conclusions IL-17 polymorphisms might be associated with greater risk of RAU pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyu Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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116
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Li J, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wang A, Wang X, Dong L, Wang F, Wei R, Li Y, Zhang J. The psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease (2019) in China: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:1813-1824. [PMID: 33225451 PMCID: PMC7753787 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 in China and to explore the influencing factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sample of 296 mild coronavirus disease 2019 patients were recruited from a Fangcang hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, from 3-5 March, 2020. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, and Symptom Check List 90. The binary logistic regression was utilized to explore the influencing factors of psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. RESULTS In total, 296 of 299 patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 participated in the study (response rate: 99.0%). The findings revealed that 12.8% patients with mild symptoms have mental health problems; the most common psychological symptoms are phobic anxiety (58.4%), paranoid ideation (50.7%) and psychoticism (40.2%). Female patients [OR = 3.587, 95% CI (1.694-7.598)] and those having physical symptoms currently [OR = 2.813, 95% CI (1.210-6.539)] are at higher risk, while those in the middle duration of hospitalization [OR = 0.278, 95% CI (0.121-0.639)] protect against mental-health problems. CONCLUSIONS The minority of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 were still suffering from psychological symptoms. Healthcare providers are recommended to pay particular attention to screening these high-risk groups (women, those in the initial stages of hospitalization and those with physical symptoms currently) and implement targeted psychological care as required. IMPACT This study found that most patients of coronavirus disease 2019 in Fangcang hospital exhibited normal mental health at par with the general Chinese norm and the minority of them were suffering from psychological symptoms. The findings can provide a reference for healthcare providers to screen high-risk psychological symptoms groups and implement targeted psychological intervention for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Nursing Psychology Research CenterXiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhen Yang
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Nursing Psychology Research CenterXiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - An‐ni Wang
- School of NursingFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Li‐li Dong
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Fu‐sheng Wang
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Rui‐hong Wei
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yi‐fei Li
- Nursing Psychology Research CenterXiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing‐ping Zhang
- Nursing Psychology Research CenterXiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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117
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Zhou C, Yu J, Wang G, Wang W, Zhao L. Extracellular vesicles isolated by size-exclusion chromatography present suitability for RNomics analysis in plasma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 33712033 PMCID: PMC7953782 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), known as cell-derived membranous structures harboring a variety of biomolecules, have been widely used in liquid biopsy. Due to the complex biological composition of plasma, plasma RNA omics analysis (RNomics) is easily affected, thus it is necessary to select an optimal strategy from exiting methods according to the performance for intended application. Methods In this study, four different strategies for EVs isolation were performed and compared (i.e. ultracentrifugation (UC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and two most frequently-used commercially available isolation kit (ExoQuick and exoEasy). We compared the yield, purity, PCR quantification of RNAs, miRNA-seq analyses and mRNA-seq analyses of RNAs from EVs isolated using four methods. Results The results showed that the lowest miRNA binding protein AGO2 (Argonaute-2) and the highest EVs-specific miRNA and lncRNA were observed in EVs obtained through SEC, meanwhile the content of the non-specific miRNA was the lowest. Further RNA-Seq data revealed that RNAs obtained via SEC presented more useful reads for both miRNA and mRNA. Furthermore, the mRNA delivered via SEC tended to have a concentration comparable to the ideal FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase Million) value. Conclusions SEC shall be used as an optimal strategy for the isolation of EVs in plasma RNomics analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02775-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yaojie Wang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Sisi Wei
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Chaoxi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jiarui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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118
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Amiri S, Haghdoost A, Mostafavi E, Sharifi H, Peykari N, Raeisi A, Assai Ardakani M, Asadi Lari M, Soori H, Ostovar A, Eshrati B, Gouya MM, Nasehi M, Tabatabaei SM, Amirkhani M, Eybpoosh S. Iran COVID-19 Epidemiology Committee: A Review of Missions, Structures, Achievements, and Challenges. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00505. [PMID: 34024763 PMCID: PMC8957690 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Iran, the control and management of the epidemic were headed by the National Headquarter for the Control of COVID-19 Epidemic through setting up different scientific committees, including the COVID-19 National Epidemiology Committee. The present study reviews the missions, structures, achievements, and challenges of the Epidemiology Committee.
Study design: A rapid review
Methods: All relevant reports, documents, guidelines, published literature, and surveillance data related to the establishment, visions, missions, roles, activities, and outputs of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Committee were critically reviewed in this study.
Results: The efforts of the committee’s working groups may have impacted improvements in data registration/usage, provincial data quality at provincial levels, and perception of the epidemic situation in the provinces. The committees have also played role in informing the policies in different stages of the epidemic through routine or problem-based data/evidence analyses, epidemic investigations, and mathematical modeling.
Conclusions: The structure and experience gained by the committee can be used in similar situations within and outside the country. To further improve the impacts of our activities, it is essential to have effective interaction, collaboration, and data flow between the committee and a broad range of organizations within and outside the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Amiri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloofar Peykari
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Asadi Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Center for Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Nasehi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Manzar Amirkhani
- National Committee of COVID-19 Epidemiology, Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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119
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Feitosa de Carvalho TA, Nobre FX, de Lima Barros A, Ghosh A, de Almeida Lima e Silva A, Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle R, Rita de Morais Chaves Santos M, Elias de Matos JM. Investigation of optical, structural, and antifungal properties of lindgrenite obtained by conventional coprecipitation and ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation methods. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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120
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Kim DM, Kim GH, Kim MB. Oral Hyperpigmented Macules Observed during Endoscopy Intubation. Clin Endosc 2021; 55:574-575. [PMID: 33461285 PMCID: PMC9329647 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Moon-Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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121
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Al-Maweri SA, Halboub E, Al-Sharani HM, Shamala A, Al-Kamel A, Al-Wesabi M, Albashari A, Al-Sharani A, Abdulrab S. Association between serum zinc levels and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:407-415. [PMID: 33409687 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present meta-analysis sought to investigate the potential association between zinc levels and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). METHODS A comprehensive search of online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)) was conducted to identify all English and Chinese studies published up to August 2020. All case-control studies that assessed plasma/serum zinc levels were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2.046 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted with the trial sequential analysis program. RESULTS Nineteen case-control studies, involving 1079 RAS cases and 965 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results of 19 studies showed that zinc level was significantly lower in RAS patients than in healthy controls (weighted difference in means = - 21.092, 95% CI - 26.695 to - 15.490, I2 = 95.375%, P < 0.001). Upon subgroup analysis by geographic distribution of the sample (Chinese vs. others), the association remained significant in each individual subgroup, although the association was more pronounced among Chinese populations. TSA indicated that the current studies surpassed the required information size, confirming that the differences were reliable. CONCLUSION The results suggest a significant association between low serum zinc levels and the occurrence of RAS. Although TSA confirmed a solid conclusion, conducting large-scale studies with the highest standards of quality is encouraged. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Determining zinc levels should be considered in diagnosis, management, and prevention of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahlam Al-Kamel
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Al-Wesabi
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | - Amani Al-Sharani
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Saleem Abdulrab
- Madinat Khalifa Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Ferreira LDS, Calderipe CB, Maass JB, Carrard VC, Martins MD, Abreu LG, Schuch LF, Uchoa Vasconcelos AC. Oral pigmented lesions in syndromic individuals: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2021; 28:531-540. [PMID: 33394507 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically integrate the available data published in the literature on oral pigmented lesions (OPL) associated with syndromes, summarizing the clinical and demographic features of the individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was undertaken in six databases. Eligibility criteria were articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese describing case reports or case series of OPL associated with syndromes. Data were aggregated and statistically evaluated. RESULTS About 108 articles reporting 149 cases of individuals with syndromes were identified. Among the affected individuals, nine syndromes were reported. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.93 years (0.41 to 83 years), with a predilection for white (n = 85/85.86%) female (n = 102/68.46%) individuals. As regards the number of lesions, 109 (73.15%) were multiple and 40 (26.85%) were single. Lip represented the anatomical location more affected (122 cases/38.01%), followed by the buccal mucosa (100 cases/31.15%). Brownish lesions accounted for 82 (69.49%) cases. The mean time of evolution was 10.52 years (0.16 to 56 years). OPL preceding diagnosis of the syndrome was observed in 111 (74.50%) cases. CONCLUSIONS Although these syndromes are uncommon, dentists should be able to recognize their manifestations, since oral manifestations can represent an important aspect in early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíse Dos Santos Ferreira
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Barcellos Calderipe
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Julianne Bartz Maass
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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123
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Porcine enteric coronaviruses: an updated overview of the pathogenesis, prevalence, and diagnosis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:75-86. [PMID: 34251560 PMCID: PMC8273569 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent prevalence of coronavirus (CoV) poses a serious threat to animal and human health. Currently, porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs), including the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the novel emerging swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and re-emerging porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), which infect pigs of different ages, have caused more frequent occurrences of diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration with high morbidity and mortality in piglets. PECs have the potential for cross-species transmission and are causing huge economic losses in the pig industry in China and the world, which therefore needs to be urgently addressed. Accordingly, this article summarises the pathogenicity, prevalence, and diagnostic methods of PECs and provides an important reference for their improved diagnosis, prevention, and control.
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124
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Presidential address-the Black Swan: ISPN and pediatric neurosurgery in times of COVID-19. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3293-3301. [PMID: 34357426 PMCID: PMC8343214 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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125
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Iyengar KP, Singh B, Vaishya R, Jain VK, Ish P. Should COVID-19 vaccination be made mandatory? Lung India 2021; 38:379-381. [PMID: 34259181 PMCID: PMC8272417 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijayendra Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Canterbury Christ Church University, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, NY, UK
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Jain
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Ish
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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126
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Archila PA, Danies G, Molina J, Truscott de Mejía AM, Restrepo S. Towards Covid-19 Literacy: Investigating the Literacy Levels of University Students in Colombia. SCIENCE & EDUCATION 2021; 30:785-808. [PMID: 33897108 PMCID: PMC8054251 DOI: 10.1007/s11191-021-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 literacy, induced by the coronavirus disease (2019), is characterized as the understanding of Covid-19 as well as informed decisions based upon this understanding. This type of literacy is closely related to health literacy, scientific literacy, and scientific media literacy. It may be obvious to say that Covid-19 literacy is a key factor for governments to effectively manage the Covid-19 transition. However, lack of literature exists about Covid-19 literacy among university students. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the Covid-19 literacy level among 4168 students from a Colombian university. The data were derived from students' responses to a 25-item anonymous online self-reporting questionnaire. We found that 21-25-year age group, graduate students, students enrolled prior to 2015, and medical students had a significantly higher mean score. Moreover, the Internet (86.8%) was the most popular source of information from which participants gained most information regarding Covid-19. Furthermore, 58.5% of the participants considered health workers as a source that can provide accurate information. Most importantly, the findings reveal the students' knowledge about (1) the role of an eventual process of vaccination, (2) the test currently used as diagnostic for Covid-19, and (3) the fatality rate, three aspects of Covid-19 literacy that deserve more attention. The findings provide a useful basis for the formulation of policies and concrete actions in improving Covid-19 literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Antonio Archila
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanna Danies
- Department of Design, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Molina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Silvia Restrepo
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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127
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Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Microbial interactions and immunity response in oral Candida species. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1653-1677. [PMID: 33251818 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis are among the most common noncommunicable diseases, related with serious local and systemic illnesses. Although these infections can occur in all kinds of patients, they are more recurrent in immunosuppressed ones such as patients with HIV, hepatitis, cancer or under long antimicrobial treatments. Candida albicans continues to be the most frequently identified Candida spp. in these disorders, but other non-C. albicans Candida are rising. Understanding the immune responses involved in oral Candida spp. infections is a key feature to a successful treatment and to the design of novel therapies. In this review, we performed a literature search in PubMed and WoS, in order to examine and analyze common oral Candida spp.-bacteria/Candida-Candida interactions and the host immunity response in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
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128
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Sputa‐Grzegrzolka P, Wozniak Z, Akutko K, Pytrus T, Baran W, Calik J, Glatzel‐Plucinska N, Domagala Z, Podhorska‐Okolow M, Stawarski A, Dziegiel P. Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome: a case report of the pediatric patient and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1513-1519. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Akutko
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | - Tomasz Pytrus
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | - Wojciech Baran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | - Jacek Calik
- Department of ChemotherapyLower Silesian Oncology Center Wroclaw Poland
| | - Natalia Glatzel‐Plucinska
- Division of Histology and Embryology Department of Human Morphology and Embryology Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | - Zygmunt Domagala
- Division of Anatomy Department of Human Morphology and Embryology Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Stawarski
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Wroclaw Medical University Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology Department of Human Morphology and Embryology Wroclaw Medical University Poland
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129
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Coping of Chinese Citizens Living in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Personal Well-Being and Social Cohesion. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese citizens in China were the first affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the disease rapidly spread around the world, leading to the worst pandemic experienced in modern societies. Spain has become one of the countries more severely affected by it, while having a large Chinese community. This study aims to explore the perception of Chinese citizens living in Spain regarding the outbreak in their host country. Communicative interviews were conducted with ten Chinese men and women who had been living in Spain for at least five years. Results show cultural differences in the coping strategies of the Chinese as a response to the pandemic, which differ from those observed by the participants in their fellow Spanish citizens. These findings unveil the potential of integrating the cultural knowledge and coping strategies of migrant groups in the host communities in managing a pandemic, as well as the negative outcomes for social cohesion and well-being from new racism emerging in the context of COVID-19.
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130
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Patel SK, Pathak M, Malik YS, Dhama K, Singh KP, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Haque S, Martinez-Pulgarin DF, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Leblebicioglu H. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:40. [PMID: 32878641 PMCID: PMC7464065 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 210 countries while affecting more than 25 million people and causing more than 843,000 human deaths, it has resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Coronaviruses (CoVs) among all known RNA viruses have the largest genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kb in length. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution, develop effective therapeutics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines, and to design rapid and confirmatory viral diagnostics as well as adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies. To date, August 30, 2020, no effective, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs, and vaccines have turned up. In this review article, we describe the underlying molecular organization and phylogenetic analysis of the coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, and recent advances in diagnosis and vaccine development in brief and focusing mainly on developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dayron F Martinez-Pulgarin
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Samsun VM Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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131
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Al-Maweri SA, Halboub E, Al-Sufyani G, Alqutaibi AY, Shamala A, Alsalhani A. Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for recurrent aphthous stomatitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1116-1123. [PMID: 31493304 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A few studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Hence, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore such a potential association. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted in June 2019. The inclusion criteria were (a) observational studies that assessed the relationship between vitamin D and RAS, and (b) the outcome measures reported quantitative vitamin D levels. Studies without control groups, case series, case reports, experimental studies, letter to editors, reviews, were excluded. The random effects model was conducted for meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Five studies comprising 208 RAS patients and 241 healthy individuals were included. All studies except one reported significantly lower levels of vitamin D in RAS patients compared with the healthy individuals. The results of the pooled 5 studies revealed statistically significant lower levels of vitamin D in RAS patients (Mean Difference (MD) = -9.67 ng/ml, 95% CI = -15.68, -3.65; p ˂ .002). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests a significant association between low vitamin D levels and RAS. Further well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes are required to elucidate the role of vitamin D in pathogenesis of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Biological and Preventive Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Sciences and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Anas Alsalhani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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132
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Meng Y, Kang M, Li D, Wang T, Kuang Z, Ma Y. Performance of a new Candida anti-mannan IgM and IgG assays in the diagnosis of candidemia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e25. [PMID: 32428065 PMCID: PMC7232961 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida is one of the most frequent pathogens of bloodstream infections, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Rapid immunological detection methods are essential in the early diagnosis of candidemia. Anti-mannan is one of host-derived biomarkers against cell wall components of Candida. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two anti-mannan assays (IgM, IgG) for candidemia through the analysis of 40 candidemia patients, 48 participants with Candida colonization and 213 participants with neither Candida colonization nor Candida infections (13 patients with other bloodstream infections, 145 hospitalized patients and 55 healthy controls). The performance of the two assays were evaluated by calculating their sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity ranged from 0.78 to 0.80 for the IgM assay and 0.68 to 0.75 for the IgG assay. The specificity ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 for the IgM assay and 0.91 to 0.94 for the IgG assay. The diagnostic performance of the anti-mannan IgM assay was better than that of IgG, with higher sensitivity and specificity. Combining the two assays (positive results of single or both assays are both considered as positive) could improve the sensitivity up to 0.93 (0.79-0.98) and only slightly reduce the specificity (0.93(0.89-0.95)). The anti-mannan IgM, IgG assays are rapid and cost-effective assays that may be probably useful in the diagnosis of candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Meng
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Kuang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Laugier–Hunziker Syndrome in an 8-Year-Old Boy with Scleral Melanocytosis, Lingual Pigmentation, Labial Pigmentation, and Melanonychia Striata. Case Rep Pediatr 2020; 2020:8267805. [PMID: 32257493 PMCID: PMC7103058 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8267805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laugier–Hunziker syndrome is a rare, acquired disorder characterized by mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation and melanonychia striata with no underlying systemic abnormalities. We report an 8-year-old boy with Laugier–Hunziker syndrome who presented with melanonychia striata affecting all the fingernails and toenails, macular pigmentation on the tongue and the lower lip, and scleral melanocytosis. Melanonychia striata rarely affect all the twenty nails, and scleral melanocytosis has rarely been reported in association with Laugier–Hunziker syndrome. Laugier–Hunziker syndrome occurs predominately in adults. Our patient is the youngest reported patient with Laugier–Hunziker syndrome.
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134
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Guo J, Hu Y, Tu J, Yin ZQ. Black Maculae between the Toes: A Rare Form of Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome? Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:69-70. [PMID: 32029947 PMCID: PMC6986122 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_18_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - YingYing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Jie Tu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Zhi Qiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
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Farhad-Mollashahi L, Honarmand M, Nakhaee A, Kamalzadeh S, Amini S. Salivary levels of IgE and ECP in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e9-e12. [PMID: 31976038 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.56254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral mucosa disease, with no specific etiology. Atopy has been implicated in the development of this disease. In this study, the salivary levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured as allergy-related biomarkers in patients with aphthous stomatitis. Material and Methods In this case-control study, non-stimulated saliva was collected from 85 participants and IgE and ECP were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS 20 through the Mann-Whitney test, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results The salivary levels of IgE and ECP were 1.11±0.65 Iu/ml and 26.93±6.95 ng/ml in the case group and 0.73±0/39 Iu/ml and 21.97±6.72 ng/ml in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of salivary levels of IgE and ECP (p=0.001). Conclusions The results showed that patients with oral aphthous had higher levels of salivary IgE and ECP than controls. Therefore, measurement of these biomarkers may be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Key words:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, saliva, immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farhad-Mollashahi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marieh Honarmand
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amini
- Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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136
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Farhad-Mollashahi L, Honarmand M, Nakhaee A, Kamalzadeh S, Amini S. Salivary levels of IgE and ECP in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2020. [PMID: 31976038 PMCID: PMC6969959 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral mucosa disease, with no specific etiology. Atopy has been implicated in the development of this disease. In this study, the salivary levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured as allergy-related biomarkers in patients with aphthous stomatitis.
Material and Methods In this case-control study, non-stimulated saliva was collected from 85 participants and IgE and ECP were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS 20 through the Mann-Whitney test, and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results The salivary levels of IgE and ECP were 1.11±0.65 Iu/ml and 26.93±6.95 ng/ml in the case group and 0.73±0/39 Iu/ml and 21.97±6.72 ng/ml in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of salivary levels of IgE and ECP (p=0.001).
Conclusions The results showed that patients with oral aphthous had higher levels of salivary IgE and ECP than controls. Therefore, measurement of these biomarkers may be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Key words:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, saliva, immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farhad-Mollashahi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marieh Honarmand
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amini
- Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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137
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Choi ME, Jung CJ, Lee WJ, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Paik SH. A case of recurrent pigmented macules in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome treated using a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser. J COSMET LASER THER 2019; 21:395-397. [DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2019.1680850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Eun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jin Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Paik
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
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138
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Wang Z, Li J, Fang H, Qiao J. Pigmentation on the oral mucosa, hands, and feet. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 67:e7-e8. [PMID: 31351764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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139
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Laugier-Hunziker syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatologia 2019; 57:63-65. [PMID: 30858634 PMCID: PMC6409823 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2019.83243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is a rare benign idiopathic condition characterized by acquired macular pigmentation of the lips and buccal mucosa, often accompanied by melanonychia. Although the etiopathogenesis is not fully known, tyrosine is thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of enzyme hyperactivity in melanin biosynthesis. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman diagnosed with Laugier-Hunziker syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
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140
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Duan N, Zhang YH, Wang WM, Wang X. Mystery behind labial and oral melanotic macules: Clinical, dermoscopic and pathological aspects of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:322-334. [PMID: 30283795 PMCID: PMC6163135 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Labial and oral melanotic macules are commonly encountered in a broad range of conditions ranging from physiologic pigmentation to a sign of an underlying life-threatening disease. Although Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) shares some features of labial and oral pigmentation with a variety of conditions, it is a benign and acquired condition, frequently associated with longitudinal melanonychia. Herein, the demographic, clinical, dermoscopic, and pathological aspects of LHS were reviewed comprehensively. The important differential diagnoses of mucocutaneous and nail pigmentation are provided. An accurate diagnosis is crucial to design a reasonable medical strategy, including management options, malignant transformation surveillance, and psychological support. It is important that clinicians conduct long-term follow-up and surveillance due to the potential risks of malignant transformation and local severe complications in some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Duan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Heng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Mei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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