101
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Jeon OH, Kim C, Laberge RM, Demaria M, Rathod S, Vasserot AP, Chung JW, Kim DH, Poon Y, David N, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM, Campisi J, Elisseeff JH. Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nat Med 2017; 23:775-781. [PMID: 28436958 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells (SnCs) accumulate in many vertebrate tissues with age and contribute to age-related pathologies, presumably through their secretion of factors contributing to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Removal of SnCs delays several pathologies and increases healthy lifespan. Aging and trauma are risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage leading to pain and physical disability. Senescent chondrocytes are found in cartilage tissue isolated from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, yet their role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To test the idea that SnCs might play a causative role in OA, we used the p16-3MR transgenic mouse, which harbors a p16INK4a (Cdkn2a) promoter driving the expression of a fusion protein containing synthetic Renilla luciferase and monomeric red fluorescent protein domains, as well as a truncated form of herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). This mouse strain allowed us to selectively follow and remove SnCs after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). We found that SnCs accumulated in the articular cartilage and synovium after ACLT, and selective elimination of these cells attenuated the development of post-traumatic OA, reduced pain and increased cartilage development. Intra-articular injection of a senolytic molecule that selectively killed SnCs validated these results in transgenic, non-transgenic and aged mice. Selective removal of the SnCs from in vitro cultures of chondrocytes isolated from patients with OA undergoing total knee replacement decreased expression of senescent and inflammatory markers while also increasing expression of cartilage tissue extracellular matrix proteins. Collectively, these findings support the use of SnCs as a therapeutic target for treating degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hee Jeon
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Remi-Martin Laberge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA.,Unity Biotechnology, Inc., Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sona Rathod
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jae Wook Chung
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Do Hun Kim
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Poon
- Unity Biotechnology, Inc., Brisbane, California, USA
| | | | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, California, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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102
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Steinbusch MMF, Fang Y, Milner PI, Clegg PD, Young DA, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ. Serum snoRNAs as biomarkers for joint ageing and post traumatic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43558. [PMID: 28252005 PMCID: PMC5333149 DOI: 10.1038/srep43558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective treatments for the age-related disease osteoarthritis and the ability to predict disease progression has been hampered by the lack of biomarkers able to demonstrate the course of the disease. Profiling the expression patterns of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in joint ageing and OA may provide diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study determined expression patterns of snoRNAs in joint ageing and OA and examined them as potential biomarkers. Using SnoRNASeq and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) we demonstrate snoRNA expression levels in murine ageing and OA joints and serum for the first time. SnoRNASeq identified differential expression (DE) of 6 snoRNAs in young versus old joints and 5 snoRNAs in old sham versus old experimental osteoarthritic joints. In serum we found differential presence of 27 snoRNAs in young versus old serum and 18 snoRNAs in old sham versus old experimental osteoarthritic serum. Confirmatory qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated good correlation with SnoRNASeq findings. Profiling the expression patterns of snoRNAs is the initial step in determining their functional significance in ageing and osteoarthritis, and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our results establish snoRNAs as novel markers of musculoskeletal ageing and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M F Steinbusch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter I Milner
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
| | - David A Young
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 9TX, UK
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103
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Chang JC, Sebastian A, Murugesh DK, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Christiansen BA, Loots GG. Global molecular changes in a tibial compression induced ACL rupture model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:474-485. [PMID: 27088242 PMCID: PMC5363336 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Joint injury causes post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). About ∼50% of patients rupturing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) will develop PTOA within 1-2 decades of the injury, yet the mechanisms responsible for the development of PTOA after joint injury are not well understood. In this study, we examined whole joint gene expression by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) at 1 day, 1-, 6-, and 12 weeks post injury, in a non-invasive tibial compression (TC) overload mouse model of PTOA that mimics ACL rupture in humans. We identified 1446 genes differentially regulated between injured and contralateral joints. This includes known regulators of osteoarthritis such as MMP3, FN1, and COMP, and several new genes including Suco, Sorcs2, and Medag. We also identified 18 long noncoding RNAs that are differentially expressed in the injured joints. By comparing our data to gene expression data generated using the surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) PTOA model, we identified several common genes and shared mechanisms. Our study highlights several differences between these two models and suggests that the TC model may be a more rapidly progressing model of PTOA. This study provides the first account of gene expression changes associated with PTOA development and progression in a TC model. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:474-485, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun C. Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences Directorate7000 East Ave, L‐452LivermoreCalifornia94550
- UC MercedSchool of Natural SciencesMercedCalifornia
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences Directorate7000 East Ave, L‐452LivermoreCalifornia94550
- UC MercedSchool of Natural SciencesMercedCalifornia
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences Directorate7000 East Ave, L‐452LivermoreCalifornia94550
| | | | | | | | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences Directorate7000 East Ave, L‐452LivermoreCalifornia94550
- UC MercedSchool of Natural SciencesMercedCalifornia
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104
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Using mouse models to investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:424-439. [PMID: 27312470 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is defined by its development after joint injury. Factors contributing to the risk of PTOA occurring, the rate of progression, and degree of associated disability in any individual, remain incompletely understood. What constitutes an "OA-inducing injury" is not defined. In line with advances in the traumatic brain injury field, we propose the scope of PTOA-inducing injuries be expanded to include not only those causing immediate structural damage and instability (Type I), but also those without initial instability/damage from moderate (Type II) or minor (Type III) loading severity. A review of the literature revealed this full spectrum of potential PTOA subtypes can be modeled in mice, with 27 Type I, 6 Type II, and 4 Type III models identified. Despite limitations due to cartilage anatomy, joint size, and bio-fluid availability, mice offer advantages as preclinical models to study PTOA, particularly genetically modified strains. Histopathology was the most common disease outcome, cartilage more frequently studied than bone or synovium, and meniscus and ligaments rarely evaluated. Other methods used to examine PTOA included gene expression, protein analysis, and imaging. Despite the major issues reported by patients being pain and biomechanical dysfunction, these were the least commonly measured outcomes in mouse models. Informative correlations of simultaneously measured disease outcomes in individual animals, was rarely done in any mouse PTOA model. This review has identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to increase understanding and improve prevention and management of PTOA. Preclinical mouse models play a critical role in these endeavors. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:424-439, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
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105
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Jørgensen AEM, Kjær M, Heinemeier KM. The Effect of Aging and Mechanical Loading on the Metabolism of Articular Cartilage. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:410-417. [PMID: 28250141 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The morphology of articular cartilage (AC) enables painless movement. Aging and mechanical loading are believed to influence development of osteoarthritis (OA), yet the connection remains unclear. METHODS This narrative review describes the current knowledge regarding this area, with the literature search made on PubMed using appropriate keywords regarding AC, age, and mechanical loading. RESULTS Following skeletal maturation, chondrocyte numbers decline while increasing senescence occurs. Lower cartilage turnover causes diminished maintenance capacity, which produces accumulation of fibrillar crosslinks by advanced glycation end products, resulting in increased stiffness and thereby destruction susceptibility. CONCLUSION Mechanical loading changes proteoglycan content. Moderate mechanical loading causes hypertrophy and reduced mechanical loading causes atrophy. Overloading produces collagen network damage and proteoglycan loss, leading to irreversible cartilage destruction because of lack of regenerative capacity. Catabolic pathways involve inflammation and the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Thus, age seems to be a predisposing factor for OA, with mechanical overload being the likely triggering cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam El Mongy Jørgensen
- From the Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,A.E. Jørgensen, MD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; M. Kjær, MD, DMSc, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; K.M. Heinemeier, MSc, PhD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
| | - Michael Kjær
- From the Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,A.E. Jørgensen, MD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; M. Kjær, MD, DMSc, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; K.M. Heinemeier, MSc, PhD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Katja Maria Heinemeier
- From the Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,A.E. Jørgensen, MD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; M. Kjær, MD, DMSc, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; K.M. Heinemeier, MSc, PhD, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
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106
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Age-dependent Changes in the Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of C57BL/6 Mice after Surgical Destabilization of Medial Meniscus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42294. [PMID: 28181577 PMCID: PMC5299455 DOI: 10.1038/srep42294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), yet surgical OA mouse models such as destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) used for evaluating disease-modifying OA targets are frequently performed on young adult mice only. This study investigates how age affects cartilage and subchondral bone changes in mouse joints following DMM. DMM was performed on male C57BL/6 mice at 4 months (4 M), 12 months (12 M) and 19+ months (19 M+) and on females at 12 M and 18 M+. Two months after surgery, operated and unoperated contralateral knees were harvested and evaluated using cartilage histology scores and μCT quantification of subchondral bone plate thickness and osteophyte formation. The 12 M and 19 M+ male mice developed more cartilage erosions and thicker subchondral bone plates after DMM than 4 M males. The size of osteophytes trended up with age, while the bone volume fraction was significantly higher in the 19 M+ group. Furthermore, 12 M females developed milder OA than males as indicated by less cartilage degradation, less subchondral bone plate sclerosis and smaller osteophytes. Our results reveal distinct age/gender-dependent structural changes in joint cartilage and subchondral bone post-DMM, facilitating more thoughtful selection of murine age/gender when using this surgical technique for translational OA research.
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107
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108
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Nakamura DS, Hollander JM, Uchimura T, Nielsen HC, Zeng L. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) mediates cartilage matrix loss in an age-dependent manner under inflammatory conditions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28122611 PMCID: PMC5264335 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a major cause of cartilage destruction and leads to the imbalance of metabolic activities in the arthritic joint. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been reported to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types and to be upregulated in the arthritic joint, but its role in joint destruction is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of PEDF in cartilage degeneration under inflammatory conditions. Methods PEDF was ectopically expressed in primary human articular chondrocytes, and catabolic gene expression and protein secretion in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were evaluated. Metatarsal bones from PEDF-deficient and wild type mice were cultured in the presence or absence of IL-1β. Cartilage matrix integrity and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were evaluated. PEDF-deficient and wild type mice were evaluated in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) inflammatory joint destruction animal model to determine the role of PEDF in inflammatory arthritis in vivo. Student’s t-tests and Mann–Whitney tests were employed where appropriate, for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. Results We showed that PEDF protein levels were higher in human osteoarthritis samples compared to normal samples. We demonstrated that ectopic PEDF expression in primary human articular chondrocytes exacerbated catabolic gene expression in the presence of IL-1β. In whole bone organ cultures, IL-1β induced MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein production, and caused significant cartilage matrix loss. Interestingly, Toluidine Blue staining showed that PEDF-deficient bones from 29 week old animals, but not 10 week old animals, had reduced matrix loss in response to IL-1β compared to their wild type counterparts. In addition, PEDF-deficiency in 29 week old animals preserved matrix integrity and protected against cell loss in the MIA joint destruction model in vivo. Conclusion We conclude that PEDF exacerbates cartilage degeneration in an age-dependent manner under an inflammatory setting. This is the first study identifying a specific role for PEDF in joint inflammation and highlights the multi-faceted activities of PEDF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy S Nakamura
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith M Hollander
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoya Uchimura
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heber C Nielsen
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Li Zeng
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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109
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Raghu H, Lepus CM, Wang Q, Wong HH, Lingampalli N, Oliviero F, Punzi L, Giori NJ, Goodman SB, Chu CR, Sokolove JB, Robinson WH. CCL2/CCR2, but not CCL5/CCR5, mediates monocyte recruitment, inflammation and cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:914-922. [PMID: 27965260 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While various monocyte chemokine systems are increased in expression in osteoarthritis (OA), the hierarchy of chemokines and chemokine receptors in mediating monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the OA joint remains poorly defined. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of the CCL2/CCR2 versus CCL5/CCR5 chemokine axes in OA pathogenesis. METHODS Ccl2-, Ccr2-, Ccl5- and Ccr5-deficient and control mice were subjected to destabilisation of medial meniscus surgery to induce OA. The pharmacological utility of blocking CCL2/CCR2 signalling in mouse OA was investigated using bindarit, a CCL2 synthesis inhibitor, and RS-504393, a CCR2 antagonist. Levels of monocyte chemoattractants in synovial tissues and fluids from patients with joint injuries without OA and those with established OA were investigated using a combination of microarray analyses, multiplexed cytokine assays and immunostains. RESULTS Mice lacking CCL2 or CCR2, but not CCL5 or CCR5, were protected against OA with a concomitant reduction in local monocyte/macrophage numbers in their joints. In synovial fluids from patients with OA, levels of CCR2 ligands (CCL2, CCL7 and CCL8) but not CCR5 ligands (CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5) were elevated. We found that CCR2+ cells are abundant in human OA synovium and that CCR2+ macrophages line, invade and are associated with the erosion of OA cartilage. Further, blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signalling markedly attenuated macrophage accumulation, synovitis and cartilage damage in mouse OA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that monocytes recruited via CCL2/CCR2, rather than by CCL5/CCR5, propagate inflammation and tissue damage in OA. Selective targeting of the CCL2/CCR2 system represents a promising therapeutic approach for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Raghu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Christin M Lepus
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Heidi H Wong
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Giori
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Constance R Chu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeremy B Sokolove
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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110
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Abstract
The extent of ageing in the musculoskeletal system during the life course affects the quality and length of life. Loss of bone, degraded articular cartilage, and degenerate, narrowed intervertebral discs are primary features of an ageing skeleton, and together they contribute to pain and loss of mobility. This review covers the cellular constituents that make up some key components of the musculoskeletal system and summarizes discussion from the 2015 Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedic Symposium (AROS) (Regeneration in the Ageing Population) about how each particular cell type alters within the ageing skeletal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies and ISTM, Keele University, and Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Pauline Colombier
- INSERM U791-LIOAD, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aneka Sowman
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Spinal Studies and ISTM, Keele University, and Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Jan H D Rölfing
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory and Departments of Orthopaedics, Aarhus and Aalborg University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM U791-LIOAD, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - James R Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Correspondence:
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111
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Wang H, Sun X, Chou J, Lin M, Ferrario CM, Zapata-Sudo G, Groban L. Inflammatory and mitochondrial gene expression data in GPER-deficient cardiomyocytes from male and female mice. Data Brief 2016; 10:465-473. [PMID: 28054009 PMCID: PMC5198850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that cardiomyocyte-specific G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) gene deletion leads to sex-specific adverse effects on cardiac structure and function; alterations which may be due to distinct differences in mitochondrial and inflammatory processes between sexes. Here, we provide the results of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) based on the DNA microarray data from GPER-knockout versus GPER-intact (intact) cardiomyocytes. This article contains complete data on the mitochondrial and inflammatory response-related gene expression changes that were significant in GPER knockout versus intact cardiomyocytes from adult male and female mice. The data are supplemental to our original research article "Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) leads to left ventricular dysfunction and adverse remodeling: a sex-specific gene profiling" (Wang et al., 2016) [1]. Data have been deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database repository with the dataset identifier GSE86843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA; Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA
| | - Jeff Chou
- Public Health Sciences, Section on Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Marina Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Drug Development Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA; Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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112
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Bone-cartilage crosstalk: a conversation for understanding osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2016; 4:16028. [PMID: 27672480 PMCID: PMC5028726 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cartilage degradation is the characteristic feature of osteoarthritis (OA), it is now recognized that the whole joint is involved in the progression of OA. In particular, the interaction (crosstalk) between cartilage and subchondral bone is thought to be a central feature of this process. The interface between articular cartilage and bone of articulating long bones is a unique zone, which comprises articular cartilage, below which is the calcified cartilage sitting on and intercalated into the subchondral bone plate. Below the subchondral plate is the trabecular bone at the end of the respective long bones. In OA, there are well-described progressive destructive changes in the articular cartilage, which parallel characteristic changes in the underlying bone. This review examines the evidence that biochemical and biomechanical signaling between these tissue compartments is important in OA disease progression and asks whether such signaling might provide possibilities for therapeutic intervention to halt or slow disease development.
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113
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Usmani SE, Ulici V, Pest MA, Hill TL, Welch ID, Beier F. Context-specific protection of TGFα null mice from osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30434. [PMID: 27457421 PMCID: PMC4960644 DOI: 10.1038/srep30434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) is a growth factor involved in osteoarthritis (OA). TGFα induces an OA-like phenotype in articular chondrocytes, by inhibiting matrix synthesis and promoting catabolic factor expression. To better understand TGFα’s potential as a therapeutic target, we employed two in vivo OA models: (1) post-traumatic and (2) aging related OA. Ten-week old and six-month old male Tgfa null mice and their heterozygous (control) littermates underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Disease progression was assessed histologically using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. As well, spontaneous disease progression was analyzed in eighteen-month-old Tgfa null and heterozygous mice. Ten-week old Tgfa null mice were protected from OA progression at both seven and fourteen weeks post-surgery. No protection was seen however in six-month old null mice after DMM surgery, and no differences were observed between genotypes in the aging model. Thus, young Tgfa null mice are protected from OA progression in the DMM model, while older mice are not. In addition, Tgfa null mice are equally susceptible to spontaneous OA development during aging. Thus, TGFα might be a valuable therapeutic target in some post-traumatic forms of OA, however its role in idiopathic disease is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine E Usmani
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L Hill
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ian D Welch
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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O'Conor CJ, Ramalingam S, Zelenski NA, Benefield HC, Rigo I, Little D, Wu CL, Chen D, Liedtke W, McNulty AL, Guilak F. Cartilage-Specific Knockout of the Mechanosensory Ion Channel TRPV4 Decreases Age-Related Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29053. [PMID: 27388701 PMCID: PMC4937413 DOI: 10.1038/srep29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of articular cartilage and surrounding tissues, and is associated with both advanced age and joint injury. Biomechanical factors play a critical role in the onset and progression of OA, yet the mechanisms through which physiologic or pathologic mechanical signals are transduced into a cellular response are not well understood. Defining the role of mechanosensory pathways in cartilage during OA pathogenesis may yield novel strategies or targets for the treatment of OA. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel transduces mechanical loading of articular cartilage via the generation of intracellular calcium ion transients. Using tissue-specific, inducible Trpv4 gene-targeted mice, we demonstrate that loss of TRPV4-mediated cartilage mechanotransduction in adulthood reduces the severity of aging-associated OA. However, loss of chondrocyte TRPV4 did not prevent OA development following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). These results highlight potentially distinct roles of TRPV4-mediated cartilage mechanotransduction in age-related and post-traumatic OA, and point to a novel disease-modifying strategy to therapeutically target the TRPV4-mediated mechanotransduction pathway for the treatment of aging-associated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Nicole A Zelenski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Halei C Benefield
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Isaura Rigo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy L McNulty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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115
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Dai MW, Chu JG, Tian FM, Song HP, Wang Y, Zhang YZ, Zhang L. Parathyroid hormone(1-34) exhibits more comprehensive effects than celecoxib in cartilage metabolism and maintaining subchondral bone micro-architecture in meniscectomized guinea pigs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1103-12. [PMID: 26802547 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of PTH(1-34) on cartilage, subchondral bone mass and structure in medial meniscectomized guinea pigs and compare them to those of celecoxib (CLX). METHOD Forty-eight 3-month-old male Hartley albino guinea pigs received either sham or medial meniscectomy (MNX) operations. One week after the procedure, meniscectomized animals began 12 weeks of treatment by oral administration of CLX (20 mg/kg, daily), subcutaneous injection of PTH (1-34) (24 μg/kg, 5 days/week), or normal saline for MNX group. All animals were euthanized 12 weeks later, cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone micro-architecture was analyzed. RESULTS OARSI scores indicated cartilage degeneration was partially inhibited by either CLX or PTH(1-34). Cartilage was significantly thicker in PTH(1-34)-treated animals than in CLX-treated animals. Both CLX and PTH(1-34) treatment were associated with lower ADAMTS-4 and periostin expression than MNX. MMP-13 expression in PTH(1-34) group was significantly lower than that in CLX group. However, AGG expression and the ratio of Col-II/MMP-13 expression in PTH(1-34) group were significantly higher than in the CLX group. Micro-CT analysis showed BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th levels to be significantly lower in the MNX group and CLX groups than in the sham group, but these parameters were significantly higher in the PTH(1-34) group than in either the MNX group or CLX group. CONCLUSIONS Both CLX and PTH(1-34) exhibits protective effects on cartilage degeneration in meniscectomized guinea pigs. However, PTH(1-34) exhibited superior performance to CLX not only in metabolism of cartilage tissue but also in maintenance of subchondral bone micro-architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-W Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - J-G Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - F-M Tian
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - H-P Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Y-Z Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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116
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Abstract
Age is the strongest independent risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and for many years this was assumed to be due to repetitive microtrauma of the joint surface over time, the so-called 'wear and tear' arthritis. As our understanding of OA pathogenesis has become more refined, it has changed our appreciation of the role of ageing on disease. Cartilage breakdown in disease is not a passive process but one involving induction and activation of specific matrix-degrading enzymes; chondrocytes are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic environment of the joint; cartilage is continuously adapting to these changes by altering its matrix. Ageing influences all of these processes. In this review, we will discuss how ageing affects tissue structure, joint use and the cellular metabolism. We describe what is known about pathways implicated in ageing in other model systems and discuss the potential value of targeting these pathways in OA.
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117
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Rai MF, Sandell LJ, Zhang B, Wright RW, Brophy RH. RNA Microarray Analysis of Macroscopically Normal Articular Cartilage from Knees Undergoing Partial Medial Meniscectomy: Potential Prediction of the Risk for Developing Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155373. [PMID: 27171008 PMCID: PMC4865200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives (i) To provide baseline knowledge of gene expression in macroscopically normal articular cartilage, (ii) to test the hypothesis that age, body-mass-index (BMI), and sex are associated with cartilage RNA transcriptome, and (iii) to predict individuals at potential risk for developing “pre-osteoarthritis” (OA) based on screening of genetic risk-alleles associated with OA and gene transcripts differentially expressed between normal and OA cartilage. Design Healthy-appearing cartilage was obtained from the medial femoral notch of 12 knees with a meniscus tear undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Cartilage had no radiographic, magnetic-resonance-imaging or arthroscopic evidence for degeneration. RNA was subjected to Affymetrix microarrays followed by validation of selected transcripts by microfluidic digital polymerase-chain-reaction. The underlying biological processes were explored computationally. Transcriptome-wide gene expression was probed for association with known OA genetic risk-alleles assembled from published literature and for comparison with gene transcripts differentially expressed between healthy and OA cartilage from other studies. Results We generated a list of 27,641 gene transcripts in healthy cartilage. Several gene transcripts representing numerous biological processes were correlated with age and BMI and differentially expressed by sex. Based on disease-specific Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, gene transcripts associated with aging were enriched for bone/cartilage disease while the gene expression profile associated with BMI was enriched for growth-plate calcification and OA. When segregated by genetic risk-alleles, two clusters of study patients emerged, one cluster containing transcripts predicted by risk studies. When segregated by OA-associated gene transcripts, three clusters of study patients emerged, one of which is remarkably similar to gene expression pattern in OA. Conclusions Our study provides a list of gene transcripts in healthy-appearing cartilage. Preliminary analysis into groupings based on OA risk-alleles and OA-associated gene transcripts reveals a subset of patients expressing OA transcripts. Prospective studies in larger cohorts are needed to assess whether these patterns are predictive for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Linda J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rick W. Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Snelling SJB, Davidson RK, Swingler TE, Le LTT, Barter MJ, Culley KL, Price A, Carr AJ, Clark IM. Dickkopf-3 is upregulated in osteoarthritis and has a chondroprotective role. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:883-91. [PMID: 26687825 PMCID: PMC4863878 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3) is a non-canonical member of the Dkk family of Wnt antagonists and its upregulation has been reported in microarray analysis of cartilage from mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we assessed Dkk3 expression in human OA cartilage to ascertain its potential role in chondrocyte signaling and cartilage maintenance. METHODS Dkk3 expression was analysed in human adult OA cartilage and synovial tissues and during chondrogenesis of ATDC5 and human mesenchymal stem cells. The role of Dkk3 in cartilage maintenance was analysed by incubation of bovine and human cartilage explants with interleukin-1β (IL1β) and oncostatin-M (OSM). Dkk3 gene expression was measured in cartilage following murine hip avulsion. Whether Dkk3 influenced Wnt, TGFβ and activin cell signaling was assessed in primary human chondrocytes and SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells using qRT-PCR and luminescence assays. RESULTS Increased gene and protein levels of Dkk3 were detected in human OA cartilage, synovial tissue and synovial fluid. DKK3 gene expression was decreased during chondrogenesis of both ATDC5 cells and humans MSCs. Dkk3 inhibited IL1β and OSM-mediated proteoglycan loss from human and bovine cartilage explants and collagen loss from bovine cartilage explants. Cartilage DKK3 expression was decreased following hip avulsion injury. TGFβ signaling was enhanced by Dkk3 whilst Wnt3a and activin signaling were inhibited. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that Dkk3 is upregulated in OA and may have a protective effect on cartilage integrity by preventing proteoglycan loss and helping to restore OA-relevant signaling pathway activity. Targeting Dkk3 may be a novel approach in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J B Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - R K Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - T E Swingler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - L T T Le
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M J Barter
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - K L Culley
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Price
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - I M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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119
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Bottini M, Magrini A, Fadeel B, Rosato N. Tackling chondrocyte hypertrophy with multifunctional nanoparticles. Gene Ther 2016; 23:560-4. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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120
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Hu X, Dai L, Fu X, Zhang J, Ao Y. Circular RNA Related to the Chondrocyte ECM Regulates MMP13 Expression by Functioning as a MiR-136 'Sponge' in Human Cartilage Degradation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22572. [PMID: 26931159 PMCID: PMC4773870 DOI: 10.1038/srep22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of various diseases, but there is little knowledge of circRNAs in osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of study was to identify circRNA expression in articular cartilage and to explore the function of chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM)-related circRNAs (circRNA-CER) in cartilage. To identify circRNAs that are specifically expressed in cartilage, we compared the expression of circRNAs in OA cartilage with that in normal cartilage. Bioinformatics was employed to predict the interaction of circRNAs and mRNAs in cartilage. Loss-of-function and rescue experiments for circRNA-CER were performed in vitro. A total of 71 circRNAs were differentially expressed in OA and normal cartilage. CircRNA-CER expression increased with interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor levels in chondrocytes. Silencing of circRNA-CER using small interfering RNA suppressed MMP13 expression and increased ECM formation. CircRNA-CER could compete for miR-136 with MMP13. Our results demonstrated that circRNA-CER regulated MMP13 expression by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and participated in the process of chondrocyte ECM degradation. We propose that circRNA-CER could be used as a potential target in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Linghui Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Wilson R, Golub SB, Rowley L, Angelucci C, Karpievitch YV, Bateman JF, Fosang AJ. Novel Elements of the Chondrocyte Stress Response Identified Using an in Vitro Model of Mouse Cartilage Degradation. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1033-50. [PMID: 26794603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis involves chondrocyte dysfunction and imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α) contribute to osteoarthritis pathophysiology, but the effects of IL-1α on chondrocytes within their tissue microenvironment have not been fully evaluated. To redress this we used label-free quantitative proteomics to analyze the chondrocyte response to IL-1α within a native cartilage ECM. Mouse femoral heads were cultured with and without IL-1α, and both the tissue proteome and proteins released into the media were analyzed. New elements of the chondrocyte response to IL-1α related to cellular stress included markers for protein misfolding (Armet, Creld2, and Hyou1), enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis and regeneration (Gstp1, Gsto1, and Gsr), and oxidative stress proteins (Prdx2, Txn, Atox1, Hmox1, and Vnn1). Other proteins previously not associated with the IL-1α response in cartilage included ECM components (Smoc2, Kera, and Crispld1) and cysteine proteases (cathepsin Z and legumain), while chondroadherin and cartilage-derived C-type lectin (Clec3a) were identified as novel products of IL-1α-induced cartilage degradation. This first proteome-level view of the cartilage IL-1α response identified candidate biomarkers of cartilage destruction and novel targets for therapeutic intervention in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne B Golub
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Constanza Angelucci
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuliya V Karpievitch
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda J Fosang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Ageing is associated with reduction of mechanically-induced activation of Smad2/3P signaling in articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:146-57. [PMID: 26247611 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical signals control key cellular processes in articular cartilage. Previously we have shown that mechanical compression is an important ALK5/Smad2/3P activator in cartilage explants. However, age-related changes in the cartilage are known to affect tissue mechanosensitivity and also ALK5/Smad2/3P signaling. We have investigated whether ageing of cartilage is associated with an altered response to mechanical compression. DESIGN Articular cartilage explants of two different age groups (young-6-36 months old, aged-6 - 13 years old) were subjected to dynamic mechanical compression with 3 MPa (physiological) or 12 MPa (excessive) load. Subsequently, essential cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components and tissue growth factors gene expression was measured in young and aged cartilage by QPCR. Furthermore, the ability of young and aged cartilage, to activate the Smad2/3P signaling in response to compression was analyzed and compared. This was done by immunohistochemical (IH) Smad2P detection and Smad3-responsive gene expression analysis. RESULTS Aged cartilage showed a highly reduced capacity for mechanically-mediated activation of Smad2/3P signaling when compared to young cartilage. Compression of aged cartilage, induced collagen type II (Col2a1) and fibronectin (Fn1) expression to a far lesser extent than in young cartilage. Additionally, in aged cartilage no mechanically mediated up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) was observed. CONCLUSIONS We identified age-related changes in cellular responses to mechanical stimulation of articular cartilage. We propose that these changes might be associated with age-related alterations in cartilage functioning and can underlie mechanisms for development of age-related cartilage diseases like osteoarthritis (OA).
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Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1966-71. [PMID: 26521742 PMCID: PMC4630808 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that aging is an important contributing factor to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms responsible appear to be multifactorial and may include an age-related pro-inflammatory state that has been termed "inflamm-aging." Age-related inflammation can be both systemic and local. Systemic inflammation can be promoted by aging changes in adipose tissue that result in increased production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Numerous studies have shown an age-related increase in blood levels of IL-6 that has been associated with decreased physical function and frailty. Importantly, higher levels of IL-6 have been associated with an increased risk of knee OA progression. However, knockout of IL-6 in male mice resulted in worse age-related OA rather than less OA. Joint tissue cells, including chondrocytes and meniscal cells, as well as the neighboring infrapatellar fat in the knee joint, can be a local source of inflammatory mediators that increase with age and contribute to OA. An increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators that include cytokines and chemokines, as well as matrix-degrading enzymes important in joint tissue destruction, can be the result of cell senescence and the development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Further studies are needed to better understand the basis for inflamm-aging and its role in OA with the hope that this work will lead to new interventions targeting inflammation to reduce not only joint tissue destruction but also pain and disability in older adults with OA.
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124
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Inflammation in joint injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1825-34. [PMID: 26521728 PMCID: PMC4630675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a variable feature of osteoarthritis (OA), associated with joint symptoms and progression of disease. Signs of inflammation can be observed in joint fluids and tissues from patients with joint injuries at risk for development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Furthermore, inflammatory mechanisms are hypothesized to contribute to the risk of OA development and progression after injury. Animal models of PTOA have been instrumental in understanding factors and mechanisms involved in chronic progressive cartilage degradation observed after a predisposing injury. Specific aspects of inflammation observed in humans, including cytokine and chemokine production, synovial reaction, cellular infiltration and inflammatory pathway activation, are also observed in models of PTOA. Many of these models are now being utilized to understand the impact of post-injury inflammatory response on PTOA development and progression, including risk of progressive cartilage degeneration and development of chronic symptoms post-injury. As evidenced from these models, a vigorous inflammatory response occurs very early after joint injury but is then sustained at a lower level at the later phases. This early inflammatory response contributes to the development of PTOA features including cartilage erosion and is potentially modifiable, but specific mediators may also play a role in tissue repair. Although the optimal approach and timing of anti-inflammatory interventions after joint injury are yet to be determined, this body of work should provide hope for the future of disease modification tin PTOA.
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125
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Fu Y, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Griffin TM. Effect of Aging on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in the Knee Joints of F344BN Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1131-40. [PMID: 26450946 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) secretes inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritic knees, but the effect of aging on IFP inflammation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging increases basal and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated IFP inflammation in 10-, 20-, and 30-month-old male F344BN F1-hybrid rats. IFPs were cultured ex vivo for 24 hours and treated ±1ng/mL IL-1β to simulate injury-induced inflammation. IFP inflammation was evaluated by measuring secreted cytokine concentrations and by quantitative expression of immunoregulatory and pro- and anti-adipogenic genes. With age, osteoarthritis pathology increased and IFP mass decreased. Although adipocyte size did not change with age, variation in adipocyte size was positively associated with synovial thickness independent of age whereas associations with cartilage damage were age dependent. In the absence of IL-1β, aging was associated with a significant increase in IFP secretion of tumor necrosis factor α by 67% and IL-13 by 35% and a reduction in the expression of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage genes. However, following an IL-1β challenge, adipogenesis markers decreased and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased independent of age. The lone exception was leptin, which decreased >70% with age. Thus, although aging promotes osteoarthritis risk by increasing basal inflammation, our findings also revealed a potentially protective effect of aging by decreasing IL-1β-stimulated leptin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
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Osteoarthritic changes in vervet monkey knees correlate with meniscus degradation and increased matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine secretion. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1780-9. [PMID: 26033163 PMCID: PMC4642681 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus injury increases osteoarthritis risk but its pathobiology in osteoarthritis is unclear. We hypothesized that older adult vervet monkeys would exhibit knee osteoarthritic changes and the degenerative menisci from these animals would secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. DESIGN In a cross sectional analysis of healthy young adult (9-12 years) and old (19-26 years) adult female vervet monkeys, knees were evaluated in vivo with computed tomography (CT) imaging, and joint tissues were morphologically graded at necropsy. Meniscus explants were subsequently cultured to evaluate meniscal MMP and cytokine secretion. RESULTS CT images revealed significant bony osteoarthritic changes in 80% of older monkeys which included increases in osteophyte number and meniscal calcification. Meniscus and cartilage degradation scores were greater in the older monkeys and were positively correlated (r > 0.7). Menisci from older animals exhibiting osteoarthritic changes secreted significantly more MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-8 than healthy menisci from younger monkeys. Older menisci without significant osteoarthritic changes secreted more IL-7 than healthy young menisci while older osteoarthritic menisci secreted more IL-7 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor than healthy older menisci. CONCLUSIONS Aged vervets develop naturally occurring knee osteoarthritis that includes involvement of the meniscus. Degenerative menisci secreted markedly increased amounts of matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. These factors would be expected to act on the meniscus tissue and local joint tissues and may ultimately promote osteoarthritis development. These finding also suggest vervet monkeys are a useful animal model for studying the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Rousseau JC, Sornay-Rendu E, Bertholon C, Garnero P, Chapurlat R. Serum periostin is associated with prevalent knee osteoarthritis and disease incidence/progression in women: the OFELY study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1736-42. [PMID: 26072384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the relationships between serum periostin (POSTN) and both prevalence and incidence/progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women. METHODS We investigated 594 women (62.7 ± 11.2 yr) from the OFELY cohort. Knee radiographs were scored according to the Kellgren & Lawrence (KL) grading system at baseline and 4 years later. Spine, hip and hand OA were assessed at baseline. Prevalent knee OA was defined by a KL score higher or equal in 2. Progression of KL was defined as an increase of the KL score ≥1 during the 4 years follow-up. Serum POSTN was measured at baseline by ELISA. RESULTS By non-parametric tests, POSTN was significantly lower in 83 women with a KL score ≥2 at baseline, compared to those with a KL score <2 (n = 511; 1101 ± 300 vs 1181 ± 294 ng/ml, P = 0.002) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), treatments and diseases, prevalent hand OA and prevalent lumbar spine OA. By logistic regression analyses, the odds-ratio of knee OA incidence/progression was significantly reduced by 21% (P = 0.043) for each quartile increase in serum POSTN at baseline, after adjustment for age, BMI, prevalent knee OA, prevalent hand OA and prevalent lumbar spine OA. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that serum POSTN is associated with prevalence and the risk of development/progression of knee OA in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rousseau
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - E Sornay-Rendu
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - C Bertholon
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - P Garnero
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - R Chapurlat
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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Abstract
Animal models of osteoarthritis are extensively used for investigating disease pathways and for preclinical testing of novel therapies. Their predictive utility, however, has often been questioned, mainly because preclinical efficacy of novel therapeutics is poorly translated in clinical trials. In the current narrative review, we consider the preclinical models that were used to support undertaking clinical trials for disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs, and compare outcomes between clinical and preclinical studies. We discuss this in light of the 1999 Food and Drug Administration draft guidelines for industry for use in the development of drugs, devices, and biological products intended for the treatment of osteoarthritis, which raised five considerations on the usefulness of osteoarthritis models. We systematically discuss what has been learnt regarding these five points since 1999, with emphasis on replicating distinct risk factors and subtypes of human osteoarthritis, and on comprehensive evaluation of the disease in animals, including pathology of all joint tissues, biomarker analysis, and assessment of pain and joint function. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt and propose some recommendations for how the evidence from preclinical research might be strengthened with a view to improving success in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
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Long D, Ulici V, Chubinskaya S, Loeser R. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is increased in osteoarthritis and regulates chondrocyte catabolic and anabolic activities. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1523-31. [PMID: 25937027 PMCID: PMC4558365 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined if the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand HB-EGF is produced in cartilage and if it regulates chondrocyte anabolic or catabolic activity. METHODS HB-EGF expression was measured by quantitative PCR using RNA isolated from mouse knee joint tissues and from normal and osteoarthritis (OA) human chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on normal and OA human cartilage and meniscus sections. Cultured chondrocytes were treated with fibronectin fragments (FN-f) as a catabolic stimulus and osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) as an anabolic stimulus. Effects of HB-EGF on cell signaling were analyzed by immunoblotting of selected signaling proteins. MMP-13 was measured in conditioned media, proteoglycan synthesis was measured by sulfate incorporation, and matrix gene expression by quantitative PCR. RESULTS HB-EGF expression was increased in 12-month old mice at 8 weeks after surgery to induce OA and increased amounts of HB-EGF were noted in human articular cartilage from OA knees. FN-f stimulated chondrocyte HB-EGF expression and HB-EGF stimulated chondrocyte MMP-13 production. However, HB-EGF was not required for FN-f stimulation of MMP-13 production. HB-EGF activated the ERK and p38 MAP kinases and stimulated phosphorylation of Smad1 at an inhibitory serine site which was associated with inhibition of OP-1 mediated proteoglycan synthesis and reduced aggrecan (ACAN) but not COL2A1 expression. CONCLUSION HB-EGF is a new factor identified in OA cartilage that promotes chondrocyte catabolic activity while inhibiting anabolic activity suggesting it could contribute to the catabolic-anabolic imbalance seen in OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Long
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - V. Ulici
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Chubinskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R.F. Loeser
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding author: Richard F. Loeser, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7280, USA,
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Chijimatsu R, Kunugiza Y, Taniyama Y, Nakamura N, Tomita T, Yoshikawa H. Expression and pathological effects of periostin in human osteoarthritis cartilage. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:215. [PMID: 26289167 PMCID: PMC4545863 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases in elderly people, however, the underlying mechanism of OA pathogenesis is not completely clear. Periostin, the extracellular protein, has been shown by cDNA array analysis to be highly expressed in OA, but its function is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and function of periostin in human OA. METHODS Human cartilage and synovia samples were used for the analysis of periostin expression and function. The human cartilage samples were obtained from the knees of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty as OA samples and from the femoral bone head of patients with femoral neck fracture as control samples. Quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used for analysis of periostin expression in cartilage and synovia. Human primary chondrocytes isolated from control cartilage were stimulated by periostin, and the alteration of OA related gene expression was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry of p65 was performed for the analysis of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation. RESULTS The periostin mRNA was significantly higher in OA cartilage than in control cartilage. Immunohistochemical analysis of periostin showed that the main positive signal was localized in chondrocytes and their periphery matrix near the erosive area, with less immunoreactivity in deeper zones. There was positive correlation between Mankin score and periostin immunoreactivity. The periostin expression was also detected in the fibrotic cartilage and tissue of subchondral bone. In cultured human chondrocytes, periostin induced the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activation of NFκB signaling was recognized by the nuclear translocation of p65. Periostin-induced upregulation of these genes was suppressed by NFκB inactivation in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Periostin was upregulated in OA cartilage, and it may amplify inflammatory events and accelerate OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Bio Science, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Kunugiza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hoshigaoka Medical Center, 4-8-1 Hoshigaoka, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Kita-ku Tenma, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Tomita
- Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Favero M, Ramonda R, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Punzi L. Early knee osteoarthritis. RMD Open 2015; 1:e000062. [PMID: 26557380 PMCID: PMC4632144 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concepts regarding osteoarthritis, the most common joint disease, have dramatically changed in the past decade thanks to the development of new imaging techniques and the widespread use of arthroscopy that permits direct visualisation of intra-articular tissues and structure. MRI and ultrasound allow the early detection of pre-radiographic structural changes not only in the peri-articular bone but also in the cartilage, menisci, synovial membrane, ligaments and fat pad. The significance of MRI findings such as cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions, synovial inflammation/effusions and meniscal tears in patients without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis is not fully understood. Nevertheless, early joint tissue changes are associated with symptoms and, in some cases, with progression of disease. In this short review, we discuss the emerging concept of early osteoarthritis localised to the knee based on recently updated knowledge. We highlight the need for a new definition of early osteoarthritis that will permit the identification of patients at high risk of osteoarthritis progression and to initiate early treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy ; Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES , Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Research Division , Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York , USA
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Research Division , Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York , USA
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
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132
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Zhou Y, David MA, Chen X, Wan LQ, Duncan RL, Wang L, Lu XL. Effects of Osmolarity on the Spontaneous Calcium Signaling of In Situ Juvenile and Adult Articular Chondrocytes. Ann Biomed Eng 2015. [PMID: 26219403 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is a universal second messenger that mediates the metabolic activity of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. Spontaneous intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) oscillations, similar to those in neurons and myocytes, have recently been observed in chondrocytes. This study analyzed and compared the effects of different osmotic environments (hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic) on the spontaneous [Ca(2+)]i signaling of in situ chondrocytes residing in juvenile and adult cartilage explants. In spite of a lower cell density, a significantly higher percentage of chondrocytes in adult cartilage under all osmotic environments demonstrated spontaneous [Ca(2+)]i oscillations than chondrocytes in juvenile cartilage. For both juvenile and adult chondrocytes, hypotonic stress increased while hypertonic stress decreased the response rates. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the [Ca(2+)]i peaks vary in an age-dependent manner. In the hypotonic environment, the [Ca(2+)]i oscillation frequency of responsive adult cells is almost tripled whereas the juvenile cells respond with an increased duration and magnitude of each [Ca(2+)]i peak. Both juvenile and adult chondrocytes demonstrated significantly slower [Ca(2+)]i oscillations with longer rising and recovery time under the hypertonic condition. Taken together, these results shed new insights into the interplay between age and osmotic environment that may regulate the fundamental metabolism of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, 130 Academy Street SPL126, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael A David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, 130 Academy Street SPL126, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Randall L Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, 130 Academy Street SPL126, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, 130 Academy Street SPL126, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Nair A, Gan J, Bush-Joseph C, Verma N, Tetreault MW, Saha K, Margulis A, Fogg L, Scanzello CR. Synovial chemokine expression and relationship with knee symptoms in patients with meniscal tears. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1158-64. [PMID: 25724256 PMCID: PMC4470781 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with knee OA, synovitis is associated with knee pain and symptoms. We previously identified synovial mRNA expression of a set of chemokines (CCL19, IL-8, CCL5, XCL-1, CCR7) associated with synovitis in patients with meniscal tears but without radiographic OA. CCL19 and CCR7 were also associated with knee symptoms. This study sought to validate expression of these chemokines and association with knee symptoms in more typical patients presenting for meniscal arthroscopy, many who have pre-existing OA. DESIGN Synovial fluid (SF) and biopsies were collected from patients undergoing meniscal arthroscopy. Synovial mRNA expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was administered preoperatively. Regression analyses determined if associations between chemokine mRNA levels and KOOS scores were independent of other factors including radiographic OA. CCL19 in SF was measured by ELISA, and compared to patients with advanced knee OA and asymptomatic organ donors. RESULTS 90% of patients had intra-operative evidence of early cartilage degeneration. CCL19, IL-8, CCL5, XCL1, CCR7 transcripts were detected in all patients. Synovial CCL19 mRNA levels independently correlated with KOOS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores (95% CI [-8.071, -0.331], P = 0.036), indicating higher expression was associated with more knee-related dysfunction. SF CCL19 was detected in 7 of 10 patients, compared to 4 of 10 asymptomatic donors. CONCLUSION In typical patients presenting for meniscal arthroscopy, synovial CCL19 mRNA expression was associated with knee-related difficulty with ADL, independent of other factors including presence of radiographic knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Nair
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | - Justin Gan
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Nikhil Verma
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Kanta Saha
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | - Arkady Margulis
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | - Louis Fogg
- Department of Community Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL USA
| | - Carla R. Scanzello
- Division of Rheumatology & Department of Orthopedics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Philadelphia, PA USA,Corresponding author: Carla R. Scanzello MD PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St., 8 floor Penn Tower, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 823-5800 x5666,
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Attur M, Yang Q, Shimada K, Tachida Y, Nagase H, Mignatti P, Statman L, Palmer G, Kirsch T, Beier F, Abramson SB. Elevated expression of periostin in human osteoarthritic cartilage and its potential role in matrix degradation via matrix metalloproteinase-13. FASEB J 2015; 29:4107-21. [PMID: 26092928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). In OA, dysregulated gene expression and phenotypic changes in articular chondrocytes culminate in progressive loss of cartilage from the joint surface. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. We examined periostin expression by immunohistochemical analysis of lesional and nonlesional cartilage from human and rodent OA knee cartilage. In addition, we used small interfering (si)RNA and adenovirus transduction of chondrocytes to knock down and up-regulate periostin levels, respectively, and analyzed its effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, a disintegrin and MMP with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and type II collagen expression. We found high periostin levels in human and rodent OA cartilage. Periostin increased MMP-13 expression dose [1-10 µg/ml (EC50 0.5-1 μg/ml)] and time (24-72 h) dependently, significantly enhanced expression of ADAMTS4 mRNA, and promoted cartilage degeneration through collagen and proteoglycan degradation. Periostin induction of MMP-13 expression was inhibited by CCT031374 hydrobromide, an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous periostin blocked constitutive MMP-13 expression. These findings implicate periostin as a catabolic protein that promotes cartilage degeneration in OA by up-regulating MMP-13 through canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundan Attur
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing Yang
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kohei Shimada
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Tachida
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paolo Mignatti
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Statman
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glyn Palmer
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven B Abramson
- *Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is unquestionably one of the most important chronic health issues in humans, affecting millions of individuals and costing billions of dollars annually. Despite widespread awareness of this disease and its devastating impact, the pathogenesis of early OA is not completely understood, hampering the development of effective tools for early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapeutics. Most human tissue available for study is obtained at the time of joint replacement, when OA lesions are end stage and little can be concluded about the factors that played a role in disease development. To overcome this limitation, over the past 50 years, numerous induced and spontaneous animal models have been utilized to study disease onset and progression, as well as to test novel therapeutic interventions. Reflecting the heterogeneity of OA itself, no single "gold standard" animal model for OA exists; thus, a challenge for researchers lies in selecting the most appropriate model to answer a particular scientific question of interest. This review provides general considerations for model selection, as well as important features of species such as mouse, rat, guinea pig, sheep, goat, and horse, which researchers should be mindful of when choosing the "best" animal model for their intended purpose. Special consideration is given to key variations in pathology among species as well as recommended guidelines for reporting the histologic features of each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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136
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Honsawek S, Wilairatana V, Udomsinprasert W, Sinlapavilawan P, Jirathanathornnukul N. Association of plasma and synovial fluid periostin with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: Cross-sectional study. Joint Bone Spine 2015; 82:352-5. [PMID: 25881760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate plasma and synovial fluid (SF) periostin of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to determine the relationship between periostin levels and the radiographic severity. METHODS A total of 110 subjects (90 knee OA patients and 20 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Plasma and SF periostin were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OA grading was performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification. RESULTS Although plasma periostin was greater in OA patients than in controls, the difference was not significant. Additionally, SF periostin was significantly higher with respect to paired plasma (P<0.001). Moreover, plasma and SF periostin demonstrated significantly positive correlation with the radiographic severity of knee OA (r=0.537, P<0.001 and r=0.427, P<0.001, respectively). Subsequent analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between plasma and SF periostin (r=0.368, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma and SF periostin levels were positively correlated with the radiographic severity of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873, Rama IV road, Patumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vajara Wilairatana
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
- Department of Biochemistry and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873, Rama IV road, Patumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerasit Sinlapavilawan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napaphat Jirathanathornnukul
- Department of Biochemistry and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873, Rama IV road, Patumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
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137
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Insights into osteoarthritis progression revealed by analyses of both knee tibiofemoral compartments. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:571-80. [PMID: 25575966 PMCID: PMC4814163 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify disease relevant genes and pathways associated with knee Osteoarthritis (OA) progression in human subjects using medial and lateral compartment dominant OA knee tissue. DESIGN Gene expression of knee cartilage was comprehensively assessed for three regions of interest from human medial dominant OA (n = 10) and non-OA (n = 6) specimens. Histology and gene expression were compared for the regions with minimal degeneration, moderate degeneration and significant degeneration. Agilent whole-genome microarray was performed and data were analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring GX11.5. Significant differentially regulated genes were further investigated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify functional categories. To confirm their association with disease severity as opposed to site within the knee, 30 differentially expressed genes, identified by microarray, were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on additional medial (n = 16) and lateral (n = 10) compartment dominant knee OA samples. RESULTS A total of 767 genes were differentially expressed ≥ two-fold (P ≤ 0.05) in lesion compared to relatively intact regions. Analysis of these data by IPA predicted biological functions related to an imbalance of anabolism and catabolism of cartilage matrix components. Up-regulated expression of IL11, POSTN, TNFAIP6, and down-regulated expression of CHRDL2, MATN4, SPOCK3, VIT, PDE3B were significantly associated with OA progression and validated in both medial and lateral compartment dominant OA samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a strategy for identifying targets whose modification may have the potential to ameliorate pathological alternations and progression of disease in cartilage and to serve as biomarkers for identifying individuals susceptible to progression.
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138
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Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Driscoll C, Burleigh A, Bou-Gharios G, Saklatvala J, Nagase H, Chanalaris A. Transcriptional analysis of micro-dissected articular cartilage in post-traumatic murine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:616-28. [PMID: 25545425 PMCID: PMC4373757 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify gene changes in articular cartilage of the medial tibial plateau (MTP) at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice. Compare our data with previously published datasets to ascertain dysregulated pathways and genes in osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN RNA was extracted from the ipsilateral and contralateral MTP cartilage, amplified, labelled and hybridized on Illumina WGv2 microarrays. Results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for selected genes. RESULTS Transcriptional analysis and network reconstruction revealed changes in extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal genes induced by DMM. TGFβ signalling pathway and complement and coagulation cascade genes were regulated at 2 weeks. Fibronectin (Fn1) is a hub in a reconstructed network at 2 weeks. Regulated genes decrease over time. By 8 weeks fibromodulin (Fmod) and tenascin N (Tnn) are the only dysregulated genes present in the DMM operated knees. Comparison with human and rodent published gene sets identified genes overlapping between our array and eight other studies. CONCLUSIONS Cartilage contributes a minute percentage to the RNA extracted from the whole joint (<0.2%), yet is sensitive to changes in gene expression post-DMM. The post-DMM transcriptional reprogramming wanes over time dissipating by 8 weeks. Common pathways between published gene sets include focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and TGFβ. Common genes include Jagged 1 (Jag1), Tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2), neuroblastoma, suppression of tumourigenicity 1 (Nbl1) and N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2). The concomitant genes and pathways we identify may warrant further investigation as biomarkers or modulators of OA.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Fibromodulin
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Jagged-1 Protein
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microarray Analysis/methods
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/etiology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Serrate-Jagged Proteins
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tenascin/metabolism
- Tetraspanins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Wounds and Injuries/complications
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gardiner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - T L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - C Driscoll
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - A Burleigh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - G Bou-Gharios
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - J Saklatvala
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - H Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - A Chanalaris
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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139
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Monfoulet LE, Philippe C, Mercier S, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. Deficiency of G-protein coupled receptor 40, a lipid-activated receptor, heightens in vitro- and in vivo-induced murine osteoarthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:854-66. [PMID: 25585625 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214565078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease. To date, its management is focused on symptoms (pain and inflammation). Studies suggest that fatty acids can reduce the expression of inflammatory and catalytic mediators, and improve in vivo joint function. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) such as G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) are proposed as attractive therapeutic targets to counteract inflammation and cartilage degradation observed in OA. This study aims to elucidate the involvement of GPR40 in OA. In this study, we used an in vitro model of OA, and surgically induced OA by ligament transection and partial meniscectomy in wild-type and GPR40 deficient mice. OA phenotype was investigated in vivo by histology and genes expression. We demonstrate that IL-1β-treated GPR40(-/-) chondrocytes secret more inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2) and active catabolic enzymes (metalloproteinase-2, -9 [MMP-2, MMP-9]), and show decreased anabolism (glycoaminoglycan) compared to GPR40(+/+) cells. In accordance with these results, we show that GPR40(-/-) mice exhibit an aggravated OA-induced phenotype characterized by higher tidemark exposure, frequency of osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. Altogether our results demonstrate that GPR40 deficiency leads to an extended OA phenotype, providing evidence that increasing GPR40 activity, by natural or synthetic ligands, could be a new strategy in the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Philippe
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Mercier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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140
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Culley KL, Dragomir CL, Chang J, Wondimu EB, Coico J, Plumb DA, Otero M, Goldring MB. Mouse models of osteoarthritis: surgical model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1226:143-73. [PMID: 25331049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1619-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The surgical model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) has become a gold standard for studying the onset and progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). The DMM model mimics clinical meniscal injury, a known predisposing factor for the development of human OA, and permits the study of structural and biological changes over the course of the disease. In addition, when applied to genetically modified or engineered mouse models, this surgical procedure permits dissection of the relative contribution of a given gene to OA initiation and/or progression. This chapter describes the requirements for the surgical induction of OA in mouse models, and provides guidelines and tools for the subsequent histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. Methods for the assessment of the contributions of selected genes in genetically modified strains are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Culley
- Tissue Engineering Regeneration and Repair Program, Research Division, The Hospital for Special Surgery, Caspary Research Building, 5th Floor, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA,
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141
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Chondrosenescence: definition, hallmarks and potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Maturitas 2014; 80:237-44. [PMID: 25637957 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging and inflammation are major contributing factors to the development and progression of arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases. "Inflammaging" refers to low-grade inflammation that occurs during physiological aging. In this paper we review the published literature on cartilage aging and propose the term "chondrosenescence" to define the age-dependent deterioration of chondrocyte function and how it undermines cartilage function in osteoarthritis. We propose the concept that a small number of senescent chondrocytes may be able to take advantage of the inflammatory tissue microenvironment and the inflammaging and immunosenescence that is concurrently occurring in the arthritic joint, further contributing to the age-related degradation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium and other tissues. In this new framework "chondrosenescence" is intimately linked with inflammaging and the disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes, thus contributing to the age-related increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis and a decrease in the efficacy of articular cartilage repair. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying chondrosenescence and its modification by drugs, weight loss, improved nutrition and physical exercise could lead to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for osteoarthritis and a range of other age-related inflammatory joint diseases. Aging is inevitable but age-related diseases may be modifiable.
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142
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Hui W, Young DA, Rowan AD, Xu X, Cawston TE, Proctor CJ. Oxidative changes and signalling pathways are pivotal in initiating age-related changes in articular cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 75:449-58. [PMID: 25475114 PMCID: PMC4752670 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To use a computational approach to investigate the cellular and extracellular matrix changes that occur with age in the knee joints of mice. Methods Knee joints from an inbred C57/BL1/6 (ICRFa) mouse colony were harvested at 3–30 months of age. Sections were stained with H&E, Safranin-O, Picro-sirius red and antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), nitrotyrosine, LC-3B, Bcl-2, and cleaved type II collagen used for immunohistochemistry. Based on this and other data from the literature, a computer simulation model was built using the Systems Biology Markup Language using an iterative approach of data analysis and modelling. Individual parameters were subsequently altered to assess their effect on the model. Results A progressive loss of cartilage matrix occurred with age. Nitrotyrosine, MMP-13 and activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) staining in cartilage increased with age with a concomitant decrease in LC-3B and Bcl-2. Stochastic simulations from the computational model showed a good agreement with these data, once transforming growth factor-β signalling via ALK1/ALK5 receptors was included. Oxidative stress and the interleukin 1 pathway were identified as key factors in driving the cartilage breakdown associated with ageing. Conclusions A progressive loss of cartilage matrix and cellularity occurs with age. This is accompanied with increased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis and MMP-13 and a decrease in chondrocyte autophagy. These changes explain the marked predisposition of joints to develop osteoarthritis with age. Computational modelling provides useful insights into the underlying mechanisms involved in age-related changes in musculoskeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David A Young
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew D Rowan
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Biomedicine Biobank, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tim E Cawston
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carole J Proctor
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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143
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Lourido L, Calamia V, Mateos J, Fernández-Puente P, Fernández-Tajes J, Blanco FJ, Ruiz-Romero C. Quantitative proteomic profiling of human articular cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6096-106. [PMID: 25383958 DOI: 10.1021/pr501024p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatic pathology and is characterized primarily by articular cartilage degradation. Despite its high prevalence, there is no effective therapy to slow disease progression or regenerate the damaged tissue. Therefore, new diagnostic and monitoring tests for OA are urgently needed, which would also promote the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we have performed an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of secretomes from healthy human articular cartilage explants, comparing their protein profile to those from unwounded (early disease) and wounded (advanced disease) zones of osteoarthritic tissue. This strategy allowed us to identify a panel of 76 proteins that are distinctively released by the diseased tissue. Clustering analysis allowed the classification of proteins according to their different profile of release from cartilage. Among these proteins, the altered release of osteoprotegerin (decreased in OA) and periostin (increased in OA), both involved in bone remodelling processes, was verified in further analyses. Moreover, periostin was also increased in the synovial fluid of OA patients. Altogether, the present work provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of human cartilage degradation and a number of new cartilage-characteristic proteins with possible biomarker value for early diagnosis and prognosis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lourido
- Proteomics Group-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII, Rheumatology Division, §RIER-RED de Inflamación y Enfermedades Reumáticas, ∥CIBER-BBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , As Xubias, 84, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
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144
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Genome-wide expression profiles of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R190. [PMID: 24229462 PMCID: PMC3979015 DOI: 10.1186/ar4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the differences in gene expression profiles of normal and osteoarthritic (OA) subchondral bone in human subjects. Methods Following histological assessment of the integrity of overlying cartilage and the severity of bone abnormality by micro-computed tomography, we isolated total RNA from regions of interest from human OA (n = 20) and non-OA (n = 5) knee lateral tibial (LT) and medial tibial (MT) plateaus. A whole-genome profiling study was performed on an Agilent microarray platform and analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring GX11.5. Confirmatory quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed on samples from 9 OA individuals to confirm differential expression of 85 genes identified by microarray. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to investigate canonical pathways and immunohistochemical staining was performed to validate protein expression levels in samples. Results A total of 972 differentially expressed genes were identified (fold change ≥ ± 2, P ≤0.05) between LT (minimal degeneration) and MT (significant degeneration) regions from OA samples; these data implicated 279 canonical pathways in IPA. The qRT-PCR data strongly confirmed the accuracy of microarray results (R2 = 0.58, P <0.0001). Novel pathways were identified in this study including Periostin (POSTN) and Leptin (LEP), which are implicated in bone remodeling by osteoblasts. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive direct assessment to date of gene expression profiling in OA subchondral bone. This study provides insights that could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for OA.
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145
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Beier F. Editorial: changes in messenger RNA stability in chondrocytes: there's more to osteoarthritis than transcription. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2921-3. [PMID: 25156089 DOI: 10.1002/art.38850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Beier
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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146
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Yammani RR, Loeser RF. Brief report: stress-inducible nuclear protein 1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1266-71. [PMID: 24497499 DOI: 10.1002/art.38391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) is a stress-inducible protein that is involved in gene transcription. The present study was undertaken to determine whether chondrocytes express Nupr1 and whether Nupr1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. METHODS Paraffin-embedded cartilage sections from normal human and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage were immunostained using anti-Nupr1 antibody. To measure Nupr1 expression, total RNA was isolated from joint tissue obtained 8 weeks after surgery from young (12-week-old) and older (12-month-old) mice that underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce OA. Human chondrocytes were stimulated with 1-10 ng/ml interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 25 μM tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (tBHP), or 2 μM thapsigargin, and Nupr1 expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, chondrocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA to knock down Nupr1 expression and then stimulated overnight with IL-1β. After incubation, the conditioned medium was collected and MMP levels measured. RESULTS Increased Nupr1 immunostaining was noted in human OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage. Expression was also increased in joint tissue from 12-month-old mice that underwent DMM surgery compared to sham-operated controls. Stimulation of chondrocytes with IL-1β induced a 2-fold increase in Nupr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) within 1 hour, with the increase peaking to 4-fold at 6 hours. Treatment of chondrocytes with tBHP to induce oxidative stress increased Nupr1 mRNA expression by >2-fold; treatment with thapsigargin to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress did not produce a similar effect. Knockdown of Nupr1 inhibited IL-1β-mediated induction of MMP-13. CONCLUSION Nupr1 is expressed in cartilage, and its levels are increased in OA. Nupr1 expression is required for IL-1β-mediated expression of MMP-13. These findings provide evidence of a novel pathway for regulation of IL-1β-mediated production of MMPs in chondrocytes.
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147
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Dai L, Hu X, Zhu J, Li L, Zhou C, Ao Y. Long noncoding RNA related to cartilage injury promotes chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:969-78. [PMID: 24757148 DOI: 10.1002/art.38309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in diverse biologic processes, but knowledge of lncRNAs in osteoarthritis (OA) is limited. The aim of this study was to identify lncRNA expression in articular cartilage and to explore the function of cartilage injury-related lncRNAs (lncRNA-CIR) in OA. METHODS To identify lncRNAs specifically expressed in OA cartilage, we compared the expression of lncRNAs in OA cartilage with that in normal cartilage using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. In OA cartilage, lncRNA-CIR was specifically, differentially, and highly expressed. The function of lncRNA-CIR was determined by silencing and overexpression in vitro. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-related molecules were detected by qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Up to 152 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (>8-fold) in OA and normal cartilage (82 lncRNAs more highly expressed and 70 less highly expressed in OA cartilage than in normal cartilage). A specific differentially expressed lncRNA-CIR was selected according to the results of the higher expression in OA cartilage and OA chondrocytes. The expression of lncRNA-CIR increased in chondrocytes with in vitro treatment with interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. Silencing of lncRNA-CIR by small interfering RNA promoted the formation of collagen and aggrecan and reduced the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes, such as MMP13 and ADAMTS5. The expression of collagen and aggrecan was reduced, whereas the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes was increased, after overexpression of lncRNA-CIR. CONCLUSION The results indicate that lncRNA-CIR contributes to ECM degradation and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OA. We propose that lncRNA-CIR could be used as a potential target in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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148
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Fang H, Beier F. Mouse models of osteoarthritis: modelling risk factors and assessing outcomes. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 10:413-21. [PMID: 24662645 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that results in pain and low quality of life for patients, as well as enormous medical and socioeconomic burdens. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of OA are still poorly understood. As such, mouse models of the disease are having increasingly important roles in OA research owing to the advancements of microsurgical techniques and the use of genetically modified mice, as well as the development of novel assessment tools. In this Review, we discuss available mouse models of OA and applicable assessment tools in studies of experimental OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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149
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Olex AL, Turkett WH, Fetrow JS, Loeser RF. Integration of gene expression data with network-based analysis to identify signaling and metabolic pathways regulated during the development of osteoarthritis. Gene 2014; 542:38-45. [PMID: 24630964 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by remodeling and degradation of joint tissues. Microarray studies have led to a better understanding of the molecular changes that occur in tissues affected by conditions such as OA; however, such analyses are limited to the identification of a list of genes with altered transcript expression, usually at a single time point during disease progression. While these lists have identified many novel genes that are altered during the disease process, they are unable to identify perturbed relationships between genes and gene products. In this work, we have integrated a time course gene expression dataset with network analysis to gain a better systems level understanding of the early events that occur during the development of OA in a mouse model. The subnetworks that were enriched at one or more of the time points examined (2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after induction of OA) contained genes from several pathways proposed to be important to the OA process, including the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and the focal adhesion pathways and the Wnt, Hedgehog and TGF-β signaling pathways. The genes within the subnetworks were most active at the 2 and 4 week time points and included genes not previously studied in the OA process. A unique pathway, riboflavin metabolism, was active at the 4 week time point. These results suggest that the incorporation of network-type analyses along with time series microarray data will lead to advancements in our understanding of complex diseases such as OA at a systems level, and may provide novel insights into the pathways and processes involved in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Olex
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - William H Turkett
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn S Fetrow
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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150
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Balakrishnan L, Nirujogi RS, Ahmad S, Bhattacharjee M, Manda SS, Renuse S, Kelkar DS, Subbannayya Y, Raju R, Goel R, Thomas JK, Kaur N, Dhillon M, Tankala SG, Jois R, Vasdev V, Ramachandra Y, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Prasad TK, Mohan S, Gowda H, Shankar S, Pandey A. Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritis synovial fluid. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24533825 PMCID: PMC3942106 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized mainly by progressive degradation of the hyaline cartilage. Patients with osteoarthritis often postpone seeking medical help, which results in the diagnosis being made at an advanced stage of cartilage destruction. Sustained efforts are needed to identify specific markers that might help in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and in improving therapeutic outcomes. We employed a multipronged proteomic approach, which included multiple fractionation strategies followed by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to explore the proteome of synovial fluid obtained from osteoarthritis patients. In addition to the total proteome, we also enriched glycoproteins from synovial fluid using lectin affinity chromatography. Results We identified 677 proteins from synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis of which 545 proteins have not been previously reported. These novel proteins included ADAM-like decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (ANPEP), CD84, fibulin 1 (FBLN1), matrix remodelling associated 5 (MXRA5), secreted phosphoprotein 2 (SPP2) and spondin 2 (SPON2). We identified 300 proteins using lectin affinity chromatography, including the glycoproteins afamin (AFM), attractin (ATRN), fibrillin 1 (FBN1), transferrin (TF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and vasorin (VSN). Gene ontology analysis confirmed that a majority of the identified proteins were extracellular and are mostly involved in cell communication and signaling. We also confirmed the expression of ANPEP, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3) and osteoglycin (OGN) by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of osteoarthritis synovial fluid samples. Conclusions We present an in-depth analysis of the synovial fluid proteome from patients with osteoarthritis. We believe that the catalog of proteins generated in this study will further enhance our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and should assist in identifying better biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Subramanian Shankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India.
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