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Pollock DM. Comprehensive Physiology: a tool for advanced education in physiology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2016; 40:275-277. [PMID: 27445273 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00087.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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102
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An alternative hypothesis to the widely held view that renal excretion of sodium accounts for resistance to salt-induced hypertension. Kidney Int 2016; 90:965-973. [PMID: 27546606 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely held that in response to high salt diets, normal individuals are acutely and chronically resistant to salt-induced hypertension because they rapidly excrete salt and retain little of it so that their blood volume, and therefore blood pressure, does not increase. Conversely, it is also widely held that salt-sensitive individuals develop salt-induced hypertension because of an impaired renal capacity to excrete salt that causes greater salt retention and blood volume expansion than that which occurs in normal salt-resistant individuals. Here we review results of both acute and chronic salt-loading studies that have compared salt-induced changes in sodium retention and blood volume between normal subjects (salt-resistant normotensive control subjects) and salt-sensitive subjects. The results of properly controlled studies strongly support an alternative view: during acute or chronic increases in salt intake, normal salt-resistant subjects undergo substantial salt retention and do not excrete salt more rapidly, retain less sodium, or undergo lesser blood volume expansion than do salt-sensitive subjects. These observations: (i) directly conflict with the widely held view that renal excretion of sodium accounts for resistance to salt-induced hypertension, and (ii) have implications for contemporary understanding of how various genetic, immunologic, and other factors determine acute and chronic blood pressure responses to high salt diets.
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Roohinejad S, Koubaa M, Barba FJ, Saljoughian S, Amid M, Greiner R. Application of seaweeds to develop new food products with enhanced shelf-life, quality and health-related beneficial properties. Food Res Int 2016; 99:1066-1083. [PMID: 28865618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Edible seaweeds are a good source of antioxidants, dietary fibers, essential amino acids, vitamins, phytochemicals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and minerals. Many studies have evaluated the gelling, thickening and therapeutic properties of seaweeds when they are used individually. This review gives an overview on the nutritional, textural, sensorial, and health-related properties of food products enriched with seaweeds and seaweed extracts. The effect of seaweed incorporation on properties of meat, fish, bakery, and other food products were highlighted in depth. Moreover, the positive effects of foods enriched with seaweeds and seaweed extracts on different lifestyle diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes were also discussed. The results of the studies demonstrated that the addition of seaweeds, in powder or extract form, can improve the nutritional and textural properties of food products. Additionally, low-fat products with less calories and less saturated fatty acids can be prepared using seaweeds. Moreover, the addition of seaweeds also affected the health properties of food products. The results of these studies demonstrated that the health value, shelf-life and overall quality of foods can be improved through the addition of either seaweeds or seaweed extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Sania Saljoughian
- Nutritional Science Department, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Amid
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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104
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Bellizzi S, Ali MM, Abalos E, Betran AP, Kapila J, Pileggi-Castro C, Vogel JP, Merialdi M. Are hypertensive disorders in pregnancy associated with congenital malformations in offspring? Evidence from the WHO Multicountry cross sectional survey on maternal and newborn health. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:198. [PMID: 27473210 PMCID: PMC4966715 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually, around 7.9 million children are born with birth defects and the contribution of congenital malformations to neonatal mortality is generally high. Congenital malformations in children born to mothers with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy has marginally been explored. METHODS Country incidence of congenital malformations was estimated using data on the 310 401 livebirths of the WHO Multicountry Survey which reported information from 359 facilities across 29 countries. A random-effect logistic regression model was utilized to explore the associations between six broad categories of congenital malformations and the four maternal hypertensive disorders "Chronic Hypertension", "Preeclampsia" and "Eclampsia" and "Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia". RESULTS The occupied territories of Palestine presented the highest rates in all groups of malformation except for the "Lip/Cleft/Palate" category. Newborns of women with chronic maternal hypertension were associated with a 3.7 (95 % CI 1.3-10.7), 3.9 (95 % CI 1.7-9.0) and 4.2 (95 % CI 1.5-11.6) times increase in odds of renal, limb and lip/cleft/palate malformations respectively. Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia was associated with a 4.3 (95 % CI 1.3-14.4), 8.7 (95 % CI 2.5-30.2), 7.1 (95 % CI 2.1-23.5) and 8.2 (95 % CI 2.0-34.3) times increase in odds of neural tube/central nervous system, renal, limb and Lip/Cleft/Palate malformations. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that chronic hypertension in the maternal period exposes newborns to a significant risk of developing renal, limb and lip/cleft/palate congenital malformations, and the risk is further exacerbate by superimposing eclampsia. Additional research is needed to identify shared pathways of maternal hypertensive disorders and congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellizzi
- World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - M M Ali
- World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt.
| | - E Abalos
- Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales (CREP) Moreno 878, 6° Piso. (S2000DKR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - A P Betran
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Kapila
- Maternal & Child Morbidity & Mortality Surveillance Unit, Family Health Bureau - Ministry of Health, 231 De Saram Place, Colombo, 10, Sri Lanka
| | - C Pileggi-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J P Vogel
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Merialdi
- , BD. 1 Becton Drive, MC 374, Franklin Lakes, NJ, 07417-1885, USA
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105
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hall
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
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106
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Morris RC, Schmidlin O, Sebastian A, Tanaka M, Kurtz TW. Vasodysfunction That Involves Renal Vasodysfunction, Not Abnormally Increased Renal Retention of Sodium, Accounts for the Initiation of Salt-Induced Hypertension. Circulation 2016; 133:881-93. [PMID: 26927006 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Curtis Morris
- From the Departments of Medicine (R.C.M., O.S., A.S., M.T.) and Laboratory Medicine (T.W.K.), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Olga Schmidlin
- From the Departments of Medicine (R.C.M., O.S., A.S., M.T.) and Laboratory Medicine (T.W.K.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anthony Sebastian
- From the Departments of Medicine (R.C.M., O.S., A.S., M.T.) and Laboratory Medicine (T.W.K.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Masae Tanaka
- From the Departments of Medicine (R.C.M., O.S., A.S., M.T.) and Laboratory Medicine (T.W.K.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Theodore W Kurtz
- From the Departments of Medicine (R.C.M., O.S., A.S., M.T.) and Laboratory Medicine (T.W.K.), University of California, San Francisco.
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107
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Yang J, Villar VAM, Armando I, Jose PA, Zeng C. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases: Crucial Regulators of Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003519. [PMID: 27390269 PMCID: PMC5015388 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ines Armando
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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108
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Martin R, Shapiro JI. Role of adipocytes in hypertension. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:66-75. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has known for some time that obesity is associated with salt sensitivity and hypertension, recent data suggests that the adipocyte may actually be the proximate cause of this physiological changes. In the following review, the data demonstrating this association as well as the potentially operative pathophysiological mechanisms are reviewed and discussed.
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109
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension, which is present in about one quarter of the world's population, is responsible for about 41% of the number one cause of death - cardiovascular disease. Not included in these statistics is the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure, even though an increase or a marked decrease in sodium intake can increase blood pressure. This review deals with the interaction of gut microbiota and the kidney with genetics and epigenetics in the regulation of blood pressure and salt sensitivity. RECENT FINDINGS The abundance of the gut microbes, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, is associated with increased blood pressure in several models of hypertension, including the spontaneously hypertensive and Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Decreasing gut microbiota by antibiotics can increase or decrease blood pressure that is influenced by genotype. The biological function of probiotics may also be a consequence of epigenetic modification, related, in part, to microRNA. Products of the fermentation of nutrients by gut microbiota can influence blood pressure by regulating expenditure of energy, intestinal metabolism of catecholamines, and gastrointestinal and renal ion transport, and thus, salt sensitivity. SUMMARY The beneficial or deleterious effect of gut microbiota on blood pressure is a consequence of several variables, including genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle, and intake of antibiotics. These variables may influence the ultimate level of blood pressure and control of hypertension.
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110
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Jose PA, Yang Z, Zeng C, Felder RA. The importance of the gastrorenal axis in the control of body sodium homeostasis. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:465-70. [PMID: 26854262 DOI: 10.1113/ep085286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Sensing the amount of ingested sodium is one mechanism by which sodium balance is regulated. This review describes the role of gastrin in the cross-talk between the stomach and the kidney following the ingestion of sodium. What advances does it highlight? Neural mechanisms and several gut hormones, including cholecystokinin and uroguanylin, have been suggested to mediate the natriuresis after an oral sodium load. It is proposed that gastrin produced by G-cells via its receptor, cholecystokinin B receptor, interacts with renal D1 -like dopamine receptors to increase renal sodium excretion. Hypertension develops with chronically increased sodium intake when sodium that accumulates in the body can no longer be sequestered, extracellular fluid volume is expanded, and compensatory neural, hormonal and pressure-natriuresis mechanisms fail. Sensing the amount of ingested sodium, by the stomach, is one mechanism by which sodium balance is regulated. The natriuresis following the ingestion of a certain amount of sodium may be due to an enterokine, gastrin, secreted by G-cells in the stomach and duodenum and released into the circulation. Circulating gastrin levels are 10- to 20-fold higher than those for cholecystokinin. Of all the gut hormones circulating in the plasma, gastrin is the one that is reabsorbed to the greatest extent by renal tubules. Gastrin, via its receptor, the cholecystokinin type B receptor (CCKBR), is natriuretic in mammals, including humans, by inhibition of renal sodium transport. Germline deletion of gastrin (Gast) or Cckbr gene in mice causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Selective silencing of Gast in the stomach and duodenum impairs the ability to excrete an oral sodium load and also increases blood pressure. Thus, the gastrorenal axis, mediated by gastrin, can complement pronatriuretic hormones, such as dopamine, to increase sodium excretion after an oral sodium load. These studies in mice may be translatable to humans because the chromosomal loci of CCKBR and GAST are linked to human essential hypertension. Understanding the role of genes in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure may lead to the tailoring of antihypertensive treatment based on genetic make-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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111
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Poudyal H. Mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:277-313. [PMID: 26384481 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, at least 10 hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells have been discovered, which directly affect the cardiovascular system through their innate receptors expressed in the heart and blood vessels or through a neural mechanism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important incretin, is perhaps best studied of these gut-derived hormones with important cardiovascular effects. In this review, I have discussed the mechanism of GLP-1 release from the enteroendocrine L-cells and its physiological effects on the cardiovascular system. Current evidence suggests that GLP-1 has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart and may be important in preserving left ventricular structure and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct effects of GLP-1 in the heart may be mediated through GLP-1R expressed in atria as well as arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle and mainly involve in the activation of multiple pro-survival kinases and enhanced energy utilization. There is also good evidence to support the involvement of a second, yet to be identified, GLP-1 receptor. Further, GLP-1(9-36)amide, which was previously thought to be the inactive metabolite of the active GLP-1(7-36)amide, may also have direct cardioprotective effects. GLP-1's action on GLP-1R expressed in the central nervous system, kidney, vasculature and the pancreas may indirectly contribute to its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine and Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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112
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Hypertension and physical exercise: The role of oxidative stress. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2016; 52:19-27. [PMID: 26987496 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. It has been suggested that physical exercise could be a potential non-pharmacological strategy in treatment of hypertension because of its beneficial effects on oxidative stress and endothelial function. The aim of this review is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress in relation to hypertension and physical exercise, including the role of NO in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO levels have been found to have the adverse effects in the correlation between oxidative stress and hypertension. Most of the previous studies found that aerobic exercise significantly decreased blood pressure and oxidative stress in hypertensive subjects, but the intense aerobic exercise can also injure endothelial cells. Isometric exercise decreases normally only systolic blood pressure. An alternative exercise, Tai chi significantly decreases blood pressure and oxidative stress in normotensive elderly, but the effect in hypertensive subjects has not yet been studied. Physical exercise and especially aerobic training can be suggested as an effective intervention in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease via reduction in oxidative stress.
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113
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Bouchi R, Ohara N, Asakawa M, Nakano Y, Takeuchi T, Murakami M, Sasahara Y, Numasawa M, Minami I, Izumiyama H, Hashimoto K, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa Y. Is visceral adiposity a modifier for the impact of blood pressure on arterial stiffness and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:10. [PMID: 26790628 PMCID: PMC4721003 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate whether visceral adiposity could modify the impact of blood pressure on arterial stiffness and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study examines the interaction of visceral adiposity with increased blood pressure on arterial stiffness and albuminuria. 638 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64 ± 12 years; 40 % female) were enrolled. Visceral fat area (VFA, cm2) was assessed by a dual-impedance analyzer, whereby patients were divided into those with VFA < 100 (N = 341) and those with VFA ≥ 100 (N = 297). Albuminuria was measured in a single 24-h urine collection (UAE, mg/day) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV, cm/s) was used for the assessment of arterial stiffening. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and VFA with UAE and baPWV. Results Patients with VFA ≥ 100 were significantly younger, had higher SBP, HbA1c, triglycerides, UAE, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein and lower high-density lipoprotein and shorter duration of diabetes than those with VFA < 100. SBP was significantly and almost equivalently associated with ba-PWV both in VFA < 100 (standardized β 0.224, p = 0.001) and VFA ≥ 100 (standardized β 0.196, p = 0.004) patients in the multivariate regression analysis adjusting for covariates including age, gender, HbA1c, diabetic complications and the use of insulin and anti-hypertensive agents. By contrast, the association of SBP with UAE was stronger in patients with VFA ≥ 100 (standardized β 0.263, p = 0.001) than that in patients with VFA < 100 (standardized β 0.140, p = 0.080) in the multivariate regression model. In the whole cohort, the significant interaction between SBP and VFA on UAE (standardized β 0.172, p = 0.040) but not on ba-PWV (standardized β −0.008, p = 0.916) was observed. Conclusions The effect of increased blood pressure on arterial stiffness is almost similar in type 2 diabetic patients with both low and high visceral adiposity, while its association with albuminuria is stronger in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Ohara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Asakawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Takato Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Sasahara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyuki Numasawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hajime Izumiyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Center for Medical Welfare and Liaison Services, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Preemptive Medicine and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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114
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Jiang X, Chen W, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Felder RA, Gildea JJ, Jose PA, Qin C, Yang Z. The Synergistic Roles of Cholecystokinin B and Dopamine D5 Receptors on the Regulation of Renal Sodium Excretion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146641. [PMID: 26751218 PMCID: PMC4709046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and the gastrin receptor (CCKBR) are involved in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. The D1R has been found to interact synergistically with CCKBR in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells to promote natriuresis and diuresis. D5R, which has a higher affinity for dopamine than D1R, has some constitutive activity. Hence, we sought to investigate the interaction between D5R and CCKBR in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. In present study, we found D5R and CCKBR increase each other’s expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the HK-2 cell, the specificity of which was verified in HEK293 cells heterologously expressing both human D5R and CCKBR and in RPT cells from a male normotensive human. The specificity of D5R in the D5R and CCKBR interaction was verified further using a selective D5R antagonist, LE-PM436. Also, D5R and CCKBR colocalize and co-immunoprecipitate in BALB/c mouse RPTs and human RPT cells. CCKBR protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fractions of renal cortex (PMFs) is greater in D5R-/- mice than D5R+/+ littermates and D5R protein expression in PMFs is also greater in CCKBR-/- mice than CCKBR+/+ littermates. High salt diet, relative to normal salt diet, increased the expression of CCKBR and D5R proteins in PMFs. Disruption of CCKBR in mice caused hypertension and decreased sodium excretion. The natriuresis in salt-loaded BALB/c mice was decreased by YF476, a CCKBR antagonist and Sch23390, a D1R/D5R antagonist. Furthermore, the natriuresis caused by gastrin was blocked by Sch23390 while the natriuresis caused by fenoldopam, a D1R/D5R agonist, was blocked by YF476. Taken together, our findings indicate that CCKBR and D5R synergistically interact in the kidney, which may contribute to the maintenance of normal sodium balance following an increase in sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John J. Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
- CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PAJ); (CQ); (ZWY)
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115
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial cells to relax vascular smooth muscle is one of the most intensely studied molecules in the past 25 years. Much of what is known about NO regulation of NO is based on blockade of its generation and analysis of changes in vascular regulation. This approach has been useful to demonstrate the importance of NO in large scale forms of regulation but provides less information on the nuances of NO regulation. However, there is a growing body of studies on multiple types of in vivo measurement of NO in normal and pathological conditions. This discussion will focus on in vivo studies and how they are reshaping the understanding of NO's role in vascular resistance regulation and the pathologies of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The role of microelectrode measurements in the measurement of [NO] will be considered because much of the controversy about what NO does and at what concentration depends upon the measurement methodology. For those studies where the technology has been tested and found to be well founded, the concept evolving is that the stresses imposed on the vasculature in the form of flow-mediated stimulation, chemicals within the tissue, and oxygen tension can cause rapid and large changes in the NO concentration to affect vascular regulation. All these functions are compromised in both animal and human forms of hypertension and diabetes mellitus due to altered regulation of endothelial cells and formation of oxidants that both damage endothelial cells and change the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Glenn Bohlen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis, Indiana, Indiana, USA
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116
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Wang Z, Zeng C, Villar VAM, Chen SY, Konkalmatt P, Wang X, Asico LD, Jones JE, Yang Y, Sanada H, Felder RA, Eisner GM, Weir MR, Armando I, Jose PA. Human GRK4γ142V Variant Promotes Angiotensin II Type I Receptor-Mediated Hypertension via Renal Histone Deacetylase Type 1 Inhibition. Hypertension 2015; 67:325-34. [PMID: 26667412 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of a single gene on the pathogenesis of essential hypertension may be difficult to ascertain, unless the gene interacts with other genes that are germane to blood pressure regulation. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) is one such gene. We have reported that the expression of its variant hGRK4γ(142V) in mice results in hypertension because of impaired dopamine D1 receptor. Signaling through dopamine D1 receptor and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) reciprocally modulates renal sodium excretion and blood pressure. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the hGRK4γ(142V) to increase the expression and activity of the AT1R. We show that hGRK4γ(142V) phosphorylates histone deacetylase type 1 and promotes its nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in increased AT1R expression and greater pressor response to angiotensin II. AT1R blockade and the deletion of the Agtr1a gene normalize the hypertension in hGRK4γ(142V) mice. These findings illustrate the unique role of GRK4 by targeting receptors with opposite physiological activity for the same goal of maintaining blood pressure homeostasis, and thus making the GRK4 a relevant therapeutic target to control blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Laureano D Asico
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - John E Jones
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yu Yang
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Hironobu Sanada
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Robin A Felder
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Gilbert M Eisner
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew R Weir
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ines Armando
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- From the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University of School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Z.W.); Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.); Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (V.A.M.V., X.W., L.D.A., J.E.J., Y.Y., M.R.W., I.A., P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (S.-Y.C.); Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan (H.S.); Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (R.A.F.); Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (G.M.E.); Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (P.A.J.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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117
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Endothelial Gata5 transcription factor regulates blood pressure. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8835. [PMID: 26617239 PMCID: PMC4696516 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its high prevalence and economic burden, the aetiology of human hypertension remains incompletely understood. Here we identify the transcription factor GATA5, as a new regulator of blood pressure (BP). GATA5 is expressed in microvascular endothelial cells and its genetic inactivation in mice (Gata5-null) leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Endothelial-specific inactivation of Gata5 mimics the hypertensive phenotype of the Gata5-null mice, suggestive of an important role for GATA5 in endothelial homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis of human microvascular endothelial cells with GATA5 knockdown reveals that GATA5 affects several genes and pathways critical for proper endothelial function, such as PKA and nitric oxide pathways. Consistent with a role in human hypertension, we report genetic association of variants at the GATA5 locus with hypertension traits in two large independent cohorts. Our results unveil an unsuspected link between GATA5 and a prominent human condition, and provide a new animal model for hypertension. Unravelling the molecular basis of hypertension remains a major challenge. Here, the authors identify the transcription factor GATA5 as a novel regulator of blood pressure and potential genetic determinant of human hypertension and describe a unique mouse model for research of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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118
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Evans RG, Bie P. Role of the kidney in the pathogenesis of hypertension: time for a neo-Guytonian paradigm or a paradigm shift? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R217-29. [PMID: 26582636 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00254.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The "Guytonian paradigm" places the direct effect of arterial pressure, on renal excretion of salt and water, at the center of long-term control of blood pressure, and thus the pathogenesis of hypertension. It originated in the sixties and remains influential within the field of hypertension research. However, the concept of one central long-term feedback loop, through which arterial pressure is maintained by its influence on renal function, has been questioned. Furthermore, some concepts in the paradigm are undermined by experimental observations. For example, volume retention and increased cardiac output induced by high salt intake do not necessarily lead to increased arterial pressure. Indeed, in multiple models of salt-sensitive hypertension the major abnormality appears to be failure of the vasodilator response to increased cardiac output, seen in salt-resistant animals, rather than an increase in cardiac output itself. There is also evidence that renal control of extracellular fluid volume is driven chiefly by volume-dependent neurohumoral control mechanisms rather than through direct or indirect effects of changes in arterial pressure, compatible with the concept that renal sodium excretion is controlled by parallel actions of different feedback systems, including hormones, reflexes, and renal arterial pressure. Moreover, we still do not fully understand the sequence of events underlying the phenomenon of "whole body autoregulation." Thus the events by which volume retention may develop to hypertension characterized by increased peripheral resistance remain enigmatic. Finally, by definition, animal models of hypertension are not "essential hypertension;" progress in our understanding of essential hypertension depends on new results on system functions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Peter Bie
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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119
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Spradley FT, Palei AC, Granger JP. Immune Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3142-76. [PMID: 26569331 PMCID: PMC4693273 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension occurring after the twentieth week of pregnancy. It is a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries and its pervasiveness is increasing within developed countries including the USA. However, the mechanisms mediating the pathogenesis of this maternal disorder and its rising prevalence are far from clear. A major theory with strong experimental evidence is that placental ischemia, resulting from inappropriate remodeling and widening of the maternal spiral arteries, stimulates the release of soluble factors from the ischemic placenta causing maternal endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Aberrant maternal immune responses and inflammation have been implicated in each of these stages in the cascade leading to PE. Regarding the increased prevalence of this disease, it is becoming increasingly evident from epidemiological data that obesity, which is a state of chronic inflammation in itself, increases the risk for PE. Although the specific mechanisms whereby obesity increases the rate of PE are unclear, there are strong candidates including activated macrophages and natural killer cells within the uterus and placenta and activation in the periphery of T helper cells producing cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 and the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1 and B cells producing the agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1-aa). This review will focus on the immune mechanisms that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension in PE with an emphasis on the potential importance of inflammatory factors in the increased risk of developing PE in obese pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Spradley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Women's Health Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Ana C Palei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Women's Health Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Women's Health Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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120
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Seaweeds as Preventive Agents for Cardiovascular Diseases: From Nutrients to Functional Foods. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6838-65. [PMID: 26569268 PMCID: PMC4663556 DOI: 10.3390/md13116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being naturally enriched in key nutrients and in various health-promoting compounds, seaweeds represent promising candidates for the design of functional foods. Soluble dietary fibers, peptides, phlorotannins, lipids and minerals are macroalgae's major compounds that can hold potential in high-value food products derived from macroalgae, including those directed to the cardiovascular-health promotion. This manuscript revises available reported data focusing the role of diet supplementation of macroalgae, or extracts enriched in bioactive compounds from macroalgae origin, in targeting modifiable markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), like dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, hypertension, hypercoagulability and activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, among others. At last, the review also describes several products that have been formulated with the use of whole macroalgae or extracts, along with their claimed cardiovascular-associated benefits.
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Chang J, Fedinec AL, Kuntamallappanavar G, Leffler CW, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Mediates Caffeine Antagonism of Alcohol-Induced Cerebral Artery Constriction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:106-15. [PMID: 26555891 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite preventive education, the combined consumption of alcohol and caffeine (particularly from "energy drinks") continues to rise. Physiologic perturbations by separate intake of ethanol and caffeine have been widely documented. However, the biologic actions of the alcohol-caffeine combination and their underlying subcellular mechanisms have been scarcely studied. Using intravital microscopy on a closed-cranial window and isolated, pressurized vessels, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro action of ethanol-caffeine mixtures on cerebral arteries from rats and mice, widely recognized models to address cerebrovascular pathophysiology and pharmacology. Caffeine at concentrations found in human circulation after ingestion of one to two cups of coffee (10 µM) antagonized the endothelium-independent constriction of cerebral arteries evoked by ethanol concentrations found in blood during moderate-heavy alcohol intoxication (40-70 mM). Caffeine antagonism against alcohol was similar whether evaluated in vivo or in vitro, suggesting independence of systemic factors and drug metabolism, but required a functional endothelium. Moreover, caffeine protection against alcohol increased nitric oxide (NO•) levels over those found in the presence of ethanol alone, disappeared upon blocking NO• synthase, and could not be detected in pressurized cerebral arteries from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice. Finally, incubation of de-endothelialized cerebral arteries with the NO• donor sodium nitroprusside (10 µM) fully restored the protective effect of caffeine. This study demonstrates for the first time that caffeine antagonizes ethanol-induced cerebral artery constriction and identifies endothelial NO• as the critical caffeine effector on smooth muscle targets. Conceivably, situations that perturb endothelial function and/or NO• availability will critically alter caffeine antagonism of alcohol-induced cerebrovascular constriction without significantly disrupting endothelium-independent, alcohol-induced cerebral artery constriction itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chang
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexander L Fedinec
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Guruprasad Kuntamallappanavar
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Charles W Leffler
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology (J.C., G.K., A.N.B., A.M.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.L.F., C.W.L.), College of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
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Speed JS, Heimlich JB, Hyndman KA, Fox BM, Patel V, Yanagisawa M, Pollock JS, Titze JM, Pollock DM. Endothelin-1 as a master regulator of whole-body Na+ homeostasis. FASEB J 2015; 29:4937-44. [PMID: 26268928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to determine whether vascular endothelial-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) is important for skin Na(+) buffering. In control mice (C57BL/6J), plasma Na(+) and osmolarity were significantly elevated in animals on high- vs. low-salt (HS and LS, respectively) intake. The increased plasma Na(+) and osmolarity were associated with increased ET-1 mRNA in vascular tissue. There was no detectable difference in skin Na(+):H2O in HS fed mice (0.119 ± 0.005 mM vs. 0.127 ± 0.007 mM; LS vs. HS); however, skin Na(+):H2O was significantly increased by blockade of the endothelin type A receptor with ABT-627 (0.116 ± 0.006 mM vs. 0.137 ± 0.007 mM; LS vs. HS; half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 0.055 nM). ET-1 peptide content in skin tissue was increased in floxed control animals on HS (85.9 ± 0.9 pg/mg vs. 106.4 ± 6.8 pg/mg; P < 0.05), but not in vascular endothelial cell endothelin-1 knockout (VEET KO) mice (76.4 ± 5.7 pg/mg vs. 65.7 ± 7.9 pg/mg; LS vs. HS). VEET KO mice also had a significantly elevated skin Na(+):H2O (0.113 ± 0.007 mM vs. 0.137 ± 0.005 mM; LS vs. HS; P < 0.05). Finally, ET-1 production was elevated in response to increasing extracellular osmolarity in cultured human endothelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that increased extrarenal vascular ET-1 production in response to HS intake is mediated by increased extracellular osmolarity and plays a critical role in regulating skin storage of Na(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Speed
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Brett Heimlich
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brandon M Fox
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jens M Titze
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- *Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Molecular Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Majumder K, Liang G, Chen Y, Guan L, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg ovotransferrin-derived ACE inhibitory peptide IRW increases ACE2 but decreases proinflammatory genes expression in mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1735-44. [PMID: 26016560 PMCID: PMC5034750 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scope Egg ovotransferrin‐derived angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide IRW was previously shown to reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats through reduced vascular inflammation and increased nitric oxide‐mediated vasorelaxation. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of this peptide through transcriptome analysis by RNAseq technique. Methods and results Total RNA was extracted from kidney and mesenteric arteries; the RNAseq libraries (from untreated and IRW‐treated groups) were constructed and subjected to sequence using HiSeq 2000 system (Illumina) system. A total of 12 764 and 13 352 genes were detected in kidney and mesenteric arteries, respectively. The differentially expressed (DE) genes between untreated and IRW‐treated groups were identified and the functional analysis through ingenuity pathway analysis revealed a greater role of DE genes identified from mesenteric arteries than that of kidney in modulating various cardiovascular functions. Subsequent qPCR analysis further confirmed that IRW significantly increased the expression of ACE‐2, ABCB‐1, IRF‐8, and CDH‐1 while significantly decreased the expression ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 in mesenteric arteries. Conclusion Our research showed for the first time that ACE inhibitory peptide IRW could contribute to its antihypertensive activity through increased ACE2 and decreased proinflammatory genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Guanxiang Liang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - LeLuo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Li L, Feng D, Luo Z, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Lai EY. Remodeling of Afferent Arterioles From Mice With Oxidative Stress Does Not Account for Increased Contractility but Does Limit Excessive Wall Stress. Hypertension 2015; 66:550-6. [PMID: 26101341 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because superoxide dismutase (SOD) knockout enhances arteriolar remodeling and contractility, we hypothesized that remodeling enhances contractility. In the isolated and perfused renal afferent arterioles from SOD wild type (+/+) and gene-deleted mice, contractility was assessed from reductions in luminal diameter with perfusion pressure from 40 to 80 mm Hg (myogenic responses) or angiotensin II (10(-6) mol/L), remodeling from media:lumen area ratio, superoxide (O2 (·-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from fluorescence microscopy, and wall stress from wall tension/wall thickness. Compared with +/+ strains, arterioles from SOD1-/-, SOD2+/-, and SOD3-/- mice developed significantly (P<0.05) more O2 (·-) with perfusion pressure and angiotensin II and significantly increased myogenic responses (SOD1-/-: -20.7±2.2% versus -12.7±1.6%; SOD2+/-: -7.4±1.3% versus -12.6±1.4%; and SOD3-/-: -9.1±1.9% versus -15.8±2.2%) and angiotensin II contractions and ≈2-fold increased media:lumen ratios. Media:lumen ratios correlated with myogenic responses (r(2) =0.23; P<0.01), angiotensin II contractions (r(2)=0.57; P<0.0001), and active wall tension (r(2) =0.19; P<0.01), but not with active wall stress (r(2)=0.08; NS). Differences in myogenic responses among SOD3 mice were abolished by bath addition of SOD and were increased 3 days after inducing SOD3 knockout (-26.9±1.7% versus -20.1±0.7%; P<0.05), despite unchanged media:lumen ratios (2.01±0.09 versus 2.02±0.03; NS). We conclude that cytosolic, mitochondrial, or extracellular O2 (·-) enhance afferent arteriolar contractility and remodeling. Although remodeling does not enhance contractility, it does prevent the potentially damaging effects of increased wall stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.)
| | - Di Feng
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.)
| | - Zaiming Luo
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.)
| | - William J Welch
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., D.F., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., E.Y.L.); and Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.).
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Javaid AQ, Wiens AD, Fesmire NF, Weitnauer MA, Inan OT. Quantifying and Reducing Posture-Dependent Distortion in Ballistocardiogram Measurements. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015; 19:1549-56. [PMID: 26058064 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2015.2441876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ballistocardiography is a noninvasive measurement of the mechanical movement of the body caused by cardiac ejection of blood. Recent studies have demonstrated that ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals can be measured using a modified home weighing scale and used to track changes in myocardial contractility and cardiac output. With this approach, the BCG can potentially be used both for preventive screening and for chronic disease management applications. However, for achieving high signal quality, subjects are required to stand still on the scale in an upright position for the measurement; the effects of intentional (for user comfort) or unintentional (due to user error) modifications in the position or posture of the subject during the measurement have not been investigated in the existing literature. In this study, we quantified the effects of different standing and seated postures on the measured BCG signals, and on the most salient BCG-derived features compared to reference standard measurements (e.g., impedance cardiography). We determined that the standing upright posture led to the least distorted signals as hypothesized, and that the correlation between BCG-derived timing interval features (R-J interval) and the preejection period, PEP (measured using ICG), decreased significantly with impaired posture or sitting position. We further implemented two novel approaches to improve the PEP estimates from other standing and sitting postures, using system identification and improved J-wave detection methods. These approaches can improve the usability of standing BCG measurements in unsupervised settings (i.e., the home), by improving the robustness to nonideal posture, as well as enabling high-quality seated BCG measurements.
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Hall JE, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Hall ME. Obesity-induced hypertension: interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms. Circ Res 2015; 116:991-1006. [PMID: 25767285 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excess weight gain, especially when associated with increased visceral adiposity, is a major cause of hypertension, accounting for 65% to 75% of the risk for human primary (essential) hypertension. Increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption impairs pressure natriuresis and plays an important role in initiating obesity hypertension. The mediators of abnormal kidney function and increased blood pressure during development of obesity hypertension include (1) physical compression of the kidneys by fat in and around the kidneys, (2) activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and (3) increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is likely due, in part, to renal compression, as well as sympathetic nervous system activation. However, obesity also causes mineralocorticoid receptor activation independent of aldosterone or angiotensin II. The mechanisms for sympathetic nervous system activation in obesity have not been fully elucidated but may require leptin and activation of the brain melanocortin system. With prolonged obesity and development of target organ injury, especially renal injury, obesity-associated hypertension becomes more difficult to control, often requiring multiple antihypertensive drugs and treatment of other risk factors, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, and inflammation. Unless effective antiobesity drugs are developed, the effect of obesity on hypertension and related cardiovascular, renal and metabolic disorders is likely to become even more important in the future as the prevalence of obesity continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hall
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), Medicine (M.E.H.), Mississippi Center for Obesity Research (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), Medicine (M.E.H.), Mississippi Center for Obesity Research (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), Medicine (M.E.H.), Mississippi Center for Obesity Research (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), Medicine (M.E.H.), Mississippi Center for Obesity Research (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Michael E Hall
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), Medicine (M.E.H.), Mississippi Center for Obesity Research (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center (J.E.H., J.M.d.C., A.A.d.S., Z.W., M.E.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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Kavishe B, Biraro S, Baisley K, Vanobberghen F, Kapiga S, Munderi P, Smeeth L, Peck R, Mghamba J, Mutungi G, Ikoona E, Levin J, Bou Monclús MA, Katende D, Kisanga E, Hayes R, Grosskurth H. High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda. BMC Med 2015; 13:126. [PMID: 26021319 PMCID: PMC4476208 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, but data available for intervention planning are inadequate. We determined the prevalence of selected NCDs and HIV infection, and NCD risk factors in northwestern Tanzania and southern Uganda. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, enrolling households using multistage sampling with five strata per country (one municipality, two towns, two rural areas). Consenting adults (≥18 years) were interviewed using the WHO STEPS survey instrument, examined, and tested for HIV and diabetes mellitus (DM). Adjusting for survey design, we estimated population prevalences of hypertension, DM, obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac failure, epilepsy and HIV, and investigated factors associated with hypertension using logistic regression. RESULTS Across strata, hypertension prevalence ranged from 16 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 12 % to 22 %) to 17 % (CI: 14 % to 22 %) in Tanzania, and from 19 % (CI: 14 % to 26 %) to 26 % (CI: 23 % to 30 %) in Uganda. It was high in both urban and rural areas, affecting many young participants. The prevalence of DM (1 % to 4 %) and other NCDs was generally low. HIV prevalence ranged from 6 % to 10 % in Tanzania, and 6 % to 12 % in Uganda. Current smoking was reported by 12 % to 23 % of men in different strata, and 1 % to 3 % of women. Problem drinking (defined by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test criteria) affected 6 % to 15 % men and 1 % to 6 % women. Up to 46 % of participants were overweight, affecting women more than men and urban more than rural areas. Most patients with hypertension and other NCDs were unaware of their condition, and hypertension in treated patients was mostly uncontrolled. Hypertension was associated with older age, male sex, being divorced/widowed, lower education, higher BMI and, inversely, with smoking. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of NCD risk factors and unrecognized and untreated hypertension represent major problems. The low prevalence of DM and other preventable NCDs provides an opportunity for prevention. HIV prevalence was in line with national data. In Tanzania, Uganda and probably elsewhere in Africa, major efforts are needed to strengthen health services for the PREVENTION, early detection and treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazil Kavishe
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, PO 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Samuel Biraro
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS / Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Kathy Baisley
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Fiona Vanobberghen
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, PO 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania.
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, PO 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania.
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Paula Munderi
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS / Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Liam Smeeth
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Robert Peck
- Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
| | - Janneth Mghamba
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | | | | | - Jonathan Levin
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS / Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | | | - David Katende
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS / Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Edmund Kisanga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, PO 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Richard Hayes
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Heiner Grosskurth
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Natarajan AR, Eisner GM, Armando I, Browning S, Pezzullo JC, Rhee L, Dajani M, Carey RM, Jose PA. The Renin-Angiotensin and Renal Dopaminergic Systems Interact in Normotensive Humans. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:265-79. [PMID: 25977313 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and renal dopaminergic systems interact to maintain sodium balance. High NaCl intake increases renal synthesis of dopamine and dopaminergic receptor activity, decreasing epithelial sodium transport, whereas sodium deficit activates the RAAS, increasing epithelial sodium transport. We tested the hypothesis that attenuation of the natriuretic effect of dopamine D1-like receptors during salt restriction results in part from increased RAAS activity in seven salt-resistant normotensive adults using a double-blind placebo-controlled balanced crossover design. All subjects attained sodium balance on low (50 mmol Na(+)/day) and high (300 mmol Na(+)/day) NaCl diets, administered 4 weeks apart. Sodium, potassium, lithium, para-aminohippurate, and creatinine clearances were measured before, during, and after a 3-hour infusion of fenoldopam, a D1-like receptor agonist, with and without pretreatment with enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. On the high NaCl diet, fenoldopam-induced natriuresis was associated with the inhibition of renal proximal and distal tubule sodium transport. On the low NaCl diet, fenoldopam decreased renal distal tubule sodium transport but did not cause natriuresis. The addition of enalapril to fenoldopam restored the natriuretic effect of fenoldopam and its inhibitory effect on proximal tubule sodium transport. Thus, on a high NaCl diet fenoldopam causes natriuresis by inhibiting renal proximal and distal tubule transport, but on a low NaCl diet the increased RAAS activity prevents the D1-like receptor from inhibiting renal proximal tubule sodium transport, neutralizing the natriuretic effect of fenoldopam. These results demonstrate an interaction between the renin-angiotensin and renal dopaminergic systems in humans and highlight the influence of dietary NaCl on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert M Eisner
- Internal Medicine, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Shaunagh Browning
- Clinical Research Unit, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; and
| | - John C Pezzullo
- Clinical Research Unit, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; and
| | - Lauren Rhee
- Clinical Research Unit, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; and
| | | | - Robert M Carey
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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129
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Lutaif NA, Gontijo LM, Figueiredo JF, Gontijo JAR. Altered urinary sodium excretion response after central cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:265-75. [PMID: 25690463 PMCID: PMC10717338 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that blunting of the natriuresis response to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) microinjected cholinergic and adrenergic agonists is involved in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We evaluated the effect of i.c.v. injection of cholinergic and noradrenergic agonists, at increasing concentrations, and of muscarinic cholinergic and α1 and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in SHR, compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WR). We confirmed that CCh and NE microinjected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of conscious rats leads to enhanced natriuresis. This response was associated with increased proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion accompanied by an unchanged rate of glomerular filtration. We showed that cholinergic-induced natriuresis in WR and SHR was attenuated by previous i.c.v. administration of atropine and was significantly lower in the hypertensive strain than in WR. In both groups the natriuretic effect of injection of noradrenaline into the LV was abolished by previous local injection of an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin). Conversely, LV α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine) administration potentiated the action of noradrenaline. The LV yohimbine pretreatment normalized urinary sodium excretion in SHR compared with age-matched WR. In conclusion, these are, as far as we are aware, the first results showing the importance of interaction of central cholinergic and/or noradrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. These experiments also provide good evidence of the existence of a central adrenergic mechanism consisting of α1 and α2-adrenoceptors which works antagonistically on regulation of renal sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A. Lutaif
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Lívia M. Gontijo
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - José F. Figueiredo
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - José A. R. Gontijo
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887 Brazil
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130
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Tomaszewski M, Eales J, Denniff M, Myers S, Chew GS, Nelson CP, Christofidou P, Desai A, Büsst C, Wojnar L, Musialik K, Jozwiak J, Debiec R, Dominiczak AF, Navis G, van Gilst WH, van der Harst P, Samani NJ, Harrap S, Bogdanski P, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Charchar FJ. Renal Mechanisms of Association between Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and Blood Pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3151-60. [PMID: 25918036 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) gene is expressed primarily in the kidney and may contribute to hypertension. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying the association between FGF1 and BP regulation remain unknown. We report that the major allele of FGF1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs152524 was associated in a dose-dependent manner with systolic BP (P = 9.65 × 10(-5)) and diastolic BP (P = 7.61 × 10(-3)) in a meta-analysis of 14,364 individuals and with renal expression of FGF1 mRNA in 126 human kidneys (P=9.0 × 10(-3)). Next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that upregulated renal expression of FGF1 or of each of the three FGF1 mRNA isoforms individually was associated with higher BP. FGF1-stratified coexpression analysis in two separate collections of human kidneys identified 126 FGF1 partner mRNAs, of which 71 and 63 showed at least nominal association with systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Of those mRNAs, seven mRNAs in five genes (MME, PTPRO, REN, SLC12A3, and WNK1) had strong prior annotation to BP or hypertension. MME, which encodes an enzyme that degrades circulating natriuretic peptides, showed the strongest differential coexpression with FGF1 between hypertensive and normotensive kidneys. Furthermore, higher level of renal FGF1 expression was associated with lower circulating levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. These findings indicate that FGF1 expression in the kidney is at least under partial genetic control and that renal expression of several FGF1 partner genes involved in the natriuretic peptide catabolism pathway, renin-angiotensin cascade, and sodium handling network may explain the association between FGF1 and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tomaszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom;
| | - James Eales
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Myers
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Guat Siew Chew
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aishwarya Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Büsst
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Katarzyna Musialik
- Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Jozwiak
- Department of Public Health, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Debiec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pawel Bogdanski
- Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zukowska-Szczechowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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Seven E, Husemoen LLN, Ibsen H, Friedrich N, Nauck M, Wachtell K, Linneberg A, Jeppesen JL. Higher serum concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide associate with prevalent hypertension whereas lower associate with incident hypertension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117864. [PMID: 25658326 PMCID: PMC4320109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the natriuretic peptides (NPs) in hypertension is complex. Thus, a higher blood NP concentration is a robust marker of pressure-induced cardiac damage in patients with hypertension, whereas genetically elevated NP concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of hypertension and overweight individuals presumably at high risk of hypertension have lower NP concentrations. Objective To investigate the associations between serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), used as a surrogate marker for active BNP, and prevalent as well as 5-year incident hypertension in a Danish general population sample. Methods Cross-sectional and prospective population-based study. Results At baseline, among 5,307 participants (51.3% women, mean age 46.0±7.9 years) with a complete set of data, we recorded 1,979 cases with prevalent hypertension (PHT). Among 2,389 normotensive participants at baseline with a complete set of data, we recorded 324 cases with incident hypertension (IHT) on follow-up 5 years later. In models adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, social, dietary, anthropometric, pulmonic, lipid, metabolic and renal risk factors, as well as heart rate and baseline blood pressure (only incident model), one standard deviation increase in baseline log-transformed NT-proBNP concentrations was on one side associated with a 21% higher risk of PHT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.30], P<0.001), and on the other side with a 14% lower risk of IHT (OR: 0.86 [95%CI:0.76-0.98], P = 0.020). Conclusions Higher serum concentrations of NT-proBNP associate with PHT whereas lower concentrations associate with IHT. This suggests that a lower amount of circulating BNP, resulting in diminished vasodilation and natriuresis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Seven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lise L. N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hans Ibsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Holbæk, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wachtell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jørgen L. Jeppesen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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132
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Vatta MS, Bianciotti LG, Guil MJ, Hope SI. Regulation of the Norepinephrine Transporter by Endothelins. HORMONES AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2015; 98:371-405. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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133
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Molecular targets of antihypertensive peptides: understanding the mechanisms of action based on the pathophysiology of hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:256-83. [PMID: 25547491 PMCID: PMC4307246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in using functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of hypertension or high blood pressure. Although numerous preventive and therapeutic pharmacological interventions are available on the market, unfortunately, many patients still suffer from poorly controlled hypertension. Furthermore, most pharmacological drugs, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), are often associated with significant adverse effects. Many bioactive food compounds have been characterized over the past decades that may contribute to the management of hypertension; for example, bioactive peptides derived from various food proteins with antihypertensive properties have gained a great deal of attention. Some of these peptides have exhibited potent in vivo antihypertensive activity in both animal models and human clinical trials. This review provides an overview about the complex pathophysiology of hypertension and demonstrates the potential roles of food derived bioactive peptides as viable interventions targeting specific pathways involved in this disease process. This review offers a comprehensive guide for understanding and utilizing the molecular mechanisms of antihypertensive actions of food protein derived peptides.
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134
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Cytochrome P450 1B1 contributes to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:145-61. [PMID: 24477449 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 to hypertension and its pathogenesis by examining the effect of its selective inhibitor, 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Blood pressure (BP) was measured bi-weekly. Starting at 8 weeks, TMS (600 μg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle was injected daily. At 14 weeks, samples were collected for measurement. RESULTS TMS reversed increased BP in SHR (207 ± 7 vs. 129 ± 2 mmHg) without altering BP in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Increased CYP1B1 activity in SHR was inhibited by TMS (RLU: aorta, 5.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 0.7; heart, 6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.4; kidney, 411 ± 45 vs. 246 ± 10). Increased vascular reactivity, cardiovascular hypertrophy, endothelial and renal dysfunction, cardiac and renal fibrosis in SHR were minimized by TMS. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase activity in SHR, were diminished by TMS. In SHR, TMS reduced increased plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (46.4 ± 5.0 vs. 28.1 ± 4.1 μM), hydrogen-peroxide (36.0 ± 3.7 vs. 14.1 ± 3.8 μM), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (6.9 ± 1.0 vs. 3.4 ± 1.5 μM). Increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, and cardiac activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Src tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase B in SHR were also inhibited by TMS. CONCLUSIONS These data suggests that increased oxidative stress generated by CYP1B1 contributes to hypertension, increased cytokine production and sympathetic activity, and associated pathophysiological changes in SHR. CYP1B1 could be a novel target for developing drugs to treat hypertension and its pathogenesis.
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135
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Wang X, Luo H, Chen C, Chen K, Wang J, Cai Y, Zheng S, Yang X, Zhou L, Jose PA, Zeng C. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure results in dysfunction of the renal dopamine D1 receptor in offspring. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:242-50. [PMID: 25236748 PMCID: PMC6873924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adverse environment in early life can modulate the adult phenotype, including blood pressure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in utero results in increased blood pressure in the offspring, but the exact mechanisms are not clear. Studies have shown that the renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) plays an important role in maintaining sodium homeostasis and normal blood pressure; dysfunction of D1R is associated with oxidative stress and hypertension. In this study, we determined if dysfunction of the renal D1R is involved in fetal-programmed hypertension, and if oxidative stress contributes to this process. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.79 mg/kg) or saline at gestation days 8, 10, and 12. As compared with saline-injected (control) dams, offspring of LPS-treated dams had increased blood pressure, decreased renal sodium excretion, and increased markers of oxidative stress. In addition, offspring of LPS-treated dams had decreased renal D1R expression, increased D1R phosphorylation, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 2 (GRK2) and type 4 (GRK4) protein expression, and impaired D1R-mediated natriuresis and diuresis. All of the findings in the offspring of LPS-treated dams were normalized after treatment with TEMPOL, an oxygen free radical scavenger. In conclusion, prenatal LPS exposure, via an increase in oxidative stress, impairs renal D1R function and leads to hypertension in the offspring. Normalization of renal D1R function by amelioration of oxidative stress may be a therapeutic target of fetal programming of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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136
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Krakoff LR. Adiposity and Risk for Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1003-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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137
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Castro Torres Y, Santos Portela AE, Garrido Bősze IM. [Role of renal inflammation in the physiopathology of salt-sensitive hypertension]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2014; 84:211-7. [PMID: 25024004 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is produced by a decrease in salt renal excretion after a salt overload. Over the last few years, a new theory has been developed to explain this condition based on renal tissue inflammation. This process begins with free radicals production in renal tissue due to oxidative metabolism. Then they favor a renal inflammation mechanism with T-lymphocytes infiltration and other immune cells. Essentially, T-lymphocytes determine an increase in angiotensin ii production which raises sodium and water retention. Association among autoimmune diseases and hypertension may be explained, in part, by the relationship between salt-sensitive hypertension and renal inflammation. The use of antioxidant drugs and the development of new medicaments may be a choice for treating patients affected with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniel Castro Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba.
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Nasrallah R, Hassouneh R, Hébert RL. Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F243-50. [PMID: 24966087 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of disease mechanisms has been gained in recent years, but the current management strategies are ineffective at preventing disease progression. A widespread focus of research is placed on elucidating the specific processes implicated to find more effective therapeutic options. PGE2, acting on its four EP receptors, regulates many renal disease processes; thus EP receptors could prove to be important targets for kidney disease intervention strategies. This review summarizes the major pathogenic mechanisms contributing to initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the role of hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We have long recognized the multifaceted role of PGs in both the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, yet studies are only now seriously contemplating specific EP receptors as targets for therapy. Given the plethora of renal complications attributed to PG involvement in the kidney, this review highlights these pathogenic events and emphasizes the PGE2 receptor targets as options available to complement current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nasrallah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramzi Hassouneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hébert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Kidney Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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139
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Abstract
The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Natekar A, Olds RL, Lau MW, Min K, Imoto K, Slavin TP. Elevated blood pressure: Our family's fault? The genetics of essential hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:327-37. [PMID: 24944762 PMCID: PMC4062117 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide an updated review on current genetic aspects possibly affecting essential hypertension (EH), and to further elucidate their role in EH. METHODS We searched for genetic and epigenetic factors in major studies associated with EH between Jan 2008-Oct 2013 using PubMed. We limited our search to reviews that discussed mostly human studies, and were accessible through the university online resource. We found 11 genome wide association studies (GWAS), as well as five methylation and three miRNA studies that fit our search criteria. A distinction was not made between genes with protective effects or negative effects, as this article is only meant to be a summary of genes associated with any aspect of EH. RESULTS We found 130 genes from the studies that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of note, genes with multiple study references include: STK39, CYP17A1, MTHFR-NPPA, MTHFR-NPPB, ATP2B1, CSK, ZNF652, UMOD, CACNB2, PLEKHA7, SH2B3, TBX3-TBX5, ULK4, CSK-ULK3, CYP1A2, NT5C2, CYP171A, PLCD3, SH2B3, ATXN2, CACNB2, PLEKHA7, SH2B3, TBX3-TBX5, ULK4, and HFE. The following genes overlapped between the genetic studies and epigenetic studies: WNK4 and BDKRB2. Several of the identified genes were found to have functions associated with EH. Many epigenetic factors were also correlated with EH. Of the epigenetic factors, there were no articles discussing siRNA and its effects on EH that met the search criteria, thus the topic was not included in this review. Among the miRNA targets found to be associated with EH, many of the genes involved were also identified in the GWAS studies. CONCLUSION Genetic hypertension risk algorithms could be developed in the future but may be of limited benefit due to the multi-factorial nature of EH. With emerging technologies, like next-generation sequencing, more direct causal relationships between genetic and epigenetic factors affecting EH will likely be discovered creating a tremendous potential for personalized medicine using pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Natekar
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Randi L Olds
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Meghann W Lau
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Kathleen Min
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Karra Imoto
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Thomas P Slavin
- Aniket Natekar, Randi L Olds, Meghann W Lau, Kathleen Min, Karra Imoto, Thomas P Slavin, The John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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141
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Fu J, Han Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Cai Y, Guan W, Yang D, Asico LD, Zhou L, Jose PA, Zeng C. Impaired dopamine D1 receptor-mediated vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries in obese Zucker rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:50. [PMID: 24559270 PMCID: PMC3938077 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Renal dopamine D1-like receptor-mediated diuresis and natriuresis are impaired in the obese Zucker rat, an obesity-related hypertensive rat model. The role of arterial D1 receptors in the hypertension of obese Zucker rats is not clear. Methods Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and blood pressure were measured. The vasodilatory response of isolated mesenteric arteries was evaluated using a small vessel myograph. The expression and phosphorylation of D1 receptors were quantified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting To determine the effect of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on the function of the arterial D1 receptor, we studied obese Zucker rats (six to eight-weeks old) fed (6 weeks) vehicle or rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer (10 mg/kg per day) and lean Zucker rats (eight to ten-weeks old), fed high-fat diet to induce hyperinsulinemia or injected intraperitoneally with streptomycin (STZ) to induce hyperglycemia. Results In obese Zucker rats, the vasorelaxant effect of D1-like receptors was impaired that could be ascribed to decreased arterial D1 receptor expression and increased D1 receptor phosphorylation. In these obese rats, rosiglitazone normalized the arterial D1 receptor expression and phosphorylation and improved the D1-like receptor-mediated vasorelaxation. We also found that D1 receptor-dependent vasorelaxation was decreased in lean Zucker rats with hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia but the D1 receptor dysfunction was greater in the former than in the latter group. The ability of insulin and glucose to decrease D1 receptor expression and increase its phosphorylation were confirmed in studies of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Conclusions Both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia caused D1 receptor dysfunction by decreasing arterial D1 receptor expression and increasing D1 receptor phosphorylation. Impaired D1 receptor-mediated vasorelaxation is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P,R, China.
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Can we use mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in diabetic patients with resistant hypertension? Yes we can! But it may be a double-edged sword. J Hypertens 2013; 31:1948-51. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328364bcdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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143
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Hall JE, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Hall ME. Role of the kidney in hypertension. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ebo.12.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John E Hall
- John E Hall is the Arthur C Guyton Professor and Chair of Physiology and Biophysics and Associate Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (MS, USA). His main research interests include cardiovascular and renal physiology, mechanisms of hypertension, obesity and diabetes
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Jussara M do Carmo is Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Her research has focused on the divergent control of metabolic and cardiovascular function by leptin–brain melanocortin pathway
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Alexandre A da Silva is Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. His research focuses on the mechanisms by which the CNS regulates cardiovascular function and peripheral glucose homeostasis
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhen Wang is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. His current research is focused on mechanisms of hypertensive diabetic nephropathy and the relationship of obesity, hypertension and leptin–melanocortin system
| | - Michael E Hall
- Michael E Hall completed his internal medicine residency and cardiology fellowship training at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, and advanced cardiovascular imaging training at Wake Forest University School of Medicine (NC, USA)
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