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Inverse Poly-High Internal Phase Emulsions Poly(HIPEs) Materials from Natural and Biocompatible Polysaccharides. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235499. [PMID: 33276681 PMCID: PMC7729674 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows one of the few examples in the literature on the feasibility of novel materials from natural and biocompatible polymers like inulin (INU) or glycol chitosan (GCS) templated by the formation of o/w (inverse) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of inverse polyHIPEs obtained from glycol chitosan or inulin. The obtained polyHIPEs were specifically designed for possible wound dressing applications. The HIPE (pre-crosslinking emulsion) was obtained as inverse HIPE, i.e., by forming a cream-like 80:20 v/v o/w emulsion by using the isopropyl myristate in its oil phase, which is obtained from natural sources like palm oil or coconut oil. The surfactant amount was critical in obtaining the inverse HIPE and the pluronic F127 was effective in stabilizing the emulsion comprising up to 80% v/v as internal phase. The obtained inverse HIPEs were crosslinked by UV irradiation for methacrylated INU or by glutaraldehyde-crosslinking for GCS. In both cases, inverse poly-HIPEs were obtained, which were physicochemically characterized. This paper introduces a new concept in using hydrophilic, natural polymers for the formation of inverse poly-HIPEs.
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102
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Sangsuriyonk K, Paradee N, Sirivat A. Electrically controlled release of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil from carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:865-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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DNA-crosslinked alginate and layered microspheres to modulate the release of encapsulated FITC-dextran. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:313-322. [PMID: 33259898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alginate can be gently crosslinked by calcium into hydrogels and microspheres for the encapsulation and release of proteins and drugs. However, the release is often over short periods unless alginate is also covalently modified or crosslinked. This research aims to sustain the release of encapsulated model drug FITC-dextran by covalently crosslinking alginate with short oligomers DNA because evidence suggests that DNA may also interact with alginate to further increase effective crosslinking. Furthermore, modulating the release of drugs from alginate in response to specific proteins could tailor release profiles to improve patient treatment. This research develops a DNA-crosslinked alginate hydrogel and layered alginate microspheres to encapsulate and then sustain the release FITC-dextran (model drug). An aptamer sequence to hen egg-white lysozyme is included in one DNA strand to allow for the disruption of the crosslinks by interactions with human lysozyme. Alginate was covalently modified with complementary strands of DNA to crosslink the alginate into hydrogels, which had increased crosslinking density when re-swollen (in comparison to controls crosslinked with PEG) and could sustained the release of encapsulated FITC-dextran. When an aptamer sequence for hen lysozyme was included in the DNA crosslinks, the hydrogels decrosslinked when incubated in human lysozyme for 60 days. In addition, calcium alginate microspheres were coated with 3 alternating layers of poly-Lysine, DNA-crosslinked alginate, and poly-L-lysine. FITC-dextran loaded into the microspheres released in a sustained manner past 30 days (into PBS at 37 °C) and would likely continue to release for far longer had the studies continued. When incubated with 3 μM of human lysozyme, a burst release of FITC-dextran occurred from both the hydrogels and microspheres, with no changes in the controls. The increased release was in bursts followed by similar sustained release rates suggesting that the human lysozyme temporarily disrupted the DNA crosslinks which were then re-established or were influenced by interactions between DNA and alginate. Importantly, covalently bound complementary strands of DNA could crosslink the alginate and additional interactions appeared to further sustain the release of encapsulated therapeutics.
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104
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Steinegger A, Wolfbeis OS, Borisov SM. Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12357-12489. [PMID: 33147405 PMCID: PMC7705895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pKa values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinegger
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Cui Q, Ni J, Wang X, Cheng X, Alem H, Tebon P, Xu C, Guo C, Nasiri R, Moreddu R, Yetisen AK, Ahadian S, Ashammakhi N, Emaminejad S, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Microengineered poly(HEMA) hydrogels for wearable contact lens biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4205-4214. [PMID: 33048069 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microchannels in hydrogels play an essential role in enabling a smart contact lens. However, microchannels have rarely been created in commercial hydrogel contact lenses due to their sensitivity to conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, we report the fabrication of microchannels in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) hydrogels that are used in commercial contact lenses with a three-dimensional (3D) printed mold. We investigated the corresponding capillary flow behaviors in these microchannels. We observed different capillary flow regimes in these microchannels, depending on their hydration level. In particular, we found that a peristaltic pressure could reinstate flow in a dehydrated channel, indicating that the motion of eye-blinking may help tears flow in a microchannel-containing contact lens. Colorimetric pH and electrochemical Na+ sensing capabilities were demonstrated in these microchannels. This work paves the way for the development of microengineered poly(HEMA) hydrogels for various biomedical applications such as eye-care and wearable biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Chen
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xuanbing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Halima Alem
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France and Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Chun Xu
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Changliang Guo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Rosalia Moreddu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA and Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA and Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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106
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Wu B, Chassé W, Zick K, Mantle MD, Heise A, Brougham DF, Litvinov VM. The effect of hydrogen bonding on diffusion and permeability in UV-cured Polyacrylate-based networks for controlled release. J Control Release 2020; 327:150-160. [PMID: 32738286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylates are important polymers widely used in pharmaceutical industry such as drug coatings due to their low cost, processability and ease of functionalisation. Chemical functionalities (e.g. H-bonding) can be easily included to modulate the transport of low molecular weight drug-like entities through the network. Understanding how such microscopic structural modifications determine macroscopic diffusion is critical for designing next generation responsive polymers. In this study pulsed field gradient (PFG) 1H NMR measurements of the self-diffusion of a dye molecule (Eosin Y) in a series of polyacrylate networks with differing H-bonding strength were undertaken; it was found that the diffusion of Eosin Y is significantly reduced in networks with H-bonding. Detailed analyses by 1H NMR relaxometry and double quantum (DQ) NMR show that H-bonding can also reduce polymer chain mobility. Furthermore, DSC thermoporometry showed a significant increase in the average network mesh size potentially due to the pre-organization of H-bonding containing monomer during network curing. By introducing the H-bonding disrupter, LiClO4, it was found that the diffusivity of solute becomes positively correlated to the average mesh size across the series of networks. Hence, a modified diffusion model based on hydrodynamic theory is proposed to separate the direct (solute-network) H-bonding contribution to solute diffusion from the indirect contribution arising from monomer pre-ordering induced mesh size reduction. Finally, it is shown that the same direct and indirect contributions to microscopic diffusivity, arising from the H-bond strength of the co-monomers, also contribute significantly to the macroscopic membrane permeability which is similarly subject to H-bond disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Walter Chassé
- Institut für Physikalishe Chemie, Universtiy of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster. Germany
| | - Klaus Zick
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Michael D Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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107
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Manspeaker MP, Thomas SN. Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:19-35. [PMID: 33058931 PMCID: PMC7736326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer to improve disease outcomes, an array of challenges remain that limit wider clinical success, including low rate of response and immune-related adverse events. Targeting immunomodulatory drugs to therapeutically relevant tissues offers a way to overcome these challenges by potentially enabling enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased incidence of side effects. Research highlighting the importance of lymphatic tissues in the response to immunotherapy has increased interest in the application of engineered drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enable specific targeting of immunomodulators to lymphatic tissues and cells that they house. To this end, a variety of DDS platforms have been developed that enable more efficient uptake into lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to provide targeted modulation of the immune response to cancer. This can occur either by delivery of immunotherapeutics to lymphatics tissues or by direct modulation of the lymphatic vasculature itself due to their direct involvement in tumor immune processes. This review will highlight DDS platforms that, by enabling the activities of cancer vaccines, chemotherapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, and anti- or pro-lymphangiogenic factors to lymphatic tissues through directed delivery and controlled release, augment cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Manspeaker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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108
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Flegeau K, Toquet C, Rethore G, d'Arros C, Messager L, Halgand B, Dupont D, Autrusseau F, Lesoeur J, Veziers J, Bordat P, Bresin A, Guicheux J, Delplace V, Gautier H, Weiss P. In Situ Forming, Silanized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Fine Control Over Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Degradation for Tissue Engineering Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000981. [PMID: 32864869 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In situ forming hydrogels that can be injected into tissues in a minimally-invasive fashion are appealing as delivery vehicles for tissue engineering applications. Ideally, these hydrogels should have mechanical properties matching those of the host tissue, and a rate of degradation adapted for neo-tissue formation. Here, the development of in situ forming hyaluronic acid hydrogels based on the pH-triggered condensation of silicon alkoxide precursors into siloxanes is reported. Upon solubilization and pH adjustment, the low-viscosity precursor solutions are easily injectable through fine-gauge needles prior to in situ gelation. Tunable mechanical properties (stiffness from 1 to 40 kPa) and associated tunable degradability (from 4 days to more than 3 weeks in vivo) are obtained by varying the degree of silanization (from 4.3% to 57.7%) and molecular weight (120 and 267 kDa) of the hyaluronic acid component. Following cell encapsulation, high cell viability (> 80%) is obtained for at least 7 days. Finally, the in vivo biocompatibility of silanized hyaluronic acid gels is verified in a subcutaneous mouse model and a relationship between the inflammatory response and the crosslink density is observed. Silanized hyaluronic acid hydrogels constitute a tunable hydrogel platform for material-assisted cell therapies and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Flegeau
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- HTL S.A.S 7 Rue Alfred Kastler Javené 35133 France
| | - Claire Toquet
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Gildas Rethore
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Cyril d'Arros
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Léa Messager
- HTL S.A.S 7 Rue Alfred Kastler Javené 35133 France
| | - Boris Halgand
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Davy Dupont
- HTL S.A.S 7 Rue Alfred Kastler Javené 35133 France
| | - Florent Autrusseau
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- SC3M SFR Santé F. Bonamy FED 4203 UMS Inserm 016 CNRS 3556 Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Joëlle Veziers
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN Nantes F‐44042 France
- SC3M SFR Santé F. Bonamy FED 4203 UMS Inserm 016 CNRS 3556 Nantes F‐44042 France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Vianney Delplace
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Hélène Gautier
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- Université de Nantes Faculté de Pharmacie Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique Nantes F‐44042 France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Université de Nantes ONIRIS INSERM Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 1 Pl A Ricordeau Nantes F‐44042 France
- UFR Odontologie Université de Nantes Nantes F‐44042 France
- CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN Nantes F‐44042 France
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109
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Ingredients Acting as a Physical Barrier for the Prevention and Treatment of the Rhinovirus Infection. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the common cold, usually caused by human rhinoviruses, is responsible for enormous damage to the economy and health every year, there are hardly any treatment options or prophylaxis for rhinovirus infections. In this work, the potential of a hydrogel complex, based on polymers and an aqueous extract of Icelandic moss in isla® medic lozenges (Engelhard Arzneimittel, Niederdorfelden, Germany), and two other hydrogels (based on solely xanthan gum or sodium hyaluronate) are investigated for the first time in order to prevent and treat rhinovirus infections. By means of rheological investigations, we demonstrate that isla® medic and containing polymers cause artificial saliva to thicken. Additionally, we demonstrate that the thickening results in the formation of a physical diffusion barrier, which leads to a significant reduction in plaques in a preventive plaque assay with rhinovirus 14 (RV-14). Furthermore, it is shown in a curative plaque assay that the hydrogel complex also has a curative effect on rhinovirus infections in that it reduces the spread of the RV-14-infection on H1-HeLa cell monolayers. Overall, polymer-based hydrogels and related products, such as isla® medic, could contribute to the prevention and treatment of rhinovirus infections.
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110
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Venkataraman AK, Clegg JR, Peppas NA. Polymer Composition Primarily Determines the Protein Recognition Characteristics of Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7685-7695. [PMID: 33456778 PMCID: PMC7807727 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels with the ability to recognize and bind target proteins are useful for a number of applications, including biosensing and therapeutic agent delivery. One popular method for fabricating recognitive hydrogels is molecular imprinting. A long-standing hypothesis of the field is that these molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) retain the chemical and geometric profile of their protein template, resulting in subsequent ability to recognize the template in solution. Here, we systematically determined the influence of network composition, as well as the identity, amount, and extraction of imprinting templates, on the protein binding of MIPs. Network composition (i.e. the relative number of ionizable and hydrophobic groups) explained the extent of protein adsorption in all cases. The identity and amount of imprinting template, albeit a protein or synthetic polymer (PEG) of similar molecular weight, did not significantly influence the amount of protein bound. While the purification method influenced the extent of template adsorption, it did so by chemically modifying the network (acrylamide hydrolysis, increasing the acid content by up to 21%) and not by voiding occupied MIP pores. Therefore, our results indicate that material composition determines the extent to which MIPs bind template and non-template proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Clegg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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111
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Duan Y, Li X, Zuo X, Shen T, Yu S, Deng L, Gao C. Migration of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells into hyaluronic acid hydrogels with different moduli under induction of pro-inflammatory macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5478-5489. [PMID: 31415053 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The design of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based and stimuli-responsive hydrogels to elicit highly controlled and tunable cell response and behaviors is a major field of interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The pH-responsive hydrogel can respond to pH variation during wound healing, which may in turn regulate the tissue regeneration process. In this study, a double-network hydrogel cross-linked with vinyl double bonds and Schiff base was prepared, whose properties were further adjusted by incubation in pH 7.4 and pH 5 buffers. The endothelial cells (ECs) migrated much deeper into the softer HA hydrogel pre-treated with pH 5 buffer than the stiffer hydrogel. By contrast, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrated easily into the stiffer hydrogel. The ECs highly expressed RhoA and non-muscle myosin (NM) II genes in the softer hydrogel, which may facilitate amoeboid migration. Meanwhile, the MSCs were stiffer than the ECs, and highly expressed Rac1, RhoA, vinculin, NM II, hyaluronidase (HYAL) 2 and CD44 genes in the stiffer hydrogel, which facilitate mesenchymal migration. These results provide important clues for revealing the different migration strategies of the ECs and MSCs in HA hydrogels with different stiffness, and suggest that the mechanical properties and the network structure of hydrogels play an important role in regulating the three-dimensional migration process of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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112
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Bubpamala T, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K, Pholpabu P. Injectable Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Metal-Phenolic Complex and Albumin for Controlled Drug Release. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19437-19445. [PMID: 32803037 PMCID: PMC7424574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogel is advantageous as a drug reservoir for controlled drug release since its injectability provides minimally invasive access to internal tissues and irregular-shaped target sites. Herein, we fabricated pH-responsive injectable hydrogels constructed of a supramolecular cross-link network, which contained tannic acid (TA), Fe(III), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for controlled drug release. The hydrogel precursors rapidly turned into a gel when co-injected with NaOH in a time scale of seconds. The hydrogel properties and drug release profiles are all tunable by adjusting the concentrations of BSA, NaOH, and doxorubicin (DOX). The Young's moduli range from 3.19 ± 0.93 to 43.24 ± 1.37 kPa that match internal soft tissues. The hydrogel lasts more than 3 weeks and gradually releases doxorubicin up to 123.6 ± 1.7 μg at pH 6.4. The results of the physical properties and drug release suggest supramolecular interactions that correspond to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results. In vitro cytotoxicity was also assessed using L929 cells, and the results demonstrated the material biocompatibility. The tunable properties, controlled release profiles, and biocompatibility of injectable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels support that they have great potential as a drug-releasing material for localized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeraporn Bubpamala
- Biological
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Biological
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pitirat Pholpabu
- Biological
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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113
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Fattahi N, Nieves-Otero PA, Masigol M, van der Vlies AJ, Jensen RS, Hansen RR, Platt TG. Photodegradable Hydrogels for Rapid Screening, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bacteria with Rare Phenotypes. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3140-3151. [PMID: 32559368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Screening mutant libraries (MLs) of bacteria for strains with specific phenotypes is often a slow and laborious process that requires assessment of tens of thousands of individual cell colonies after plating and culturing on solid media. In this report, we develop a three-dimensional, photodegradable hydrogel interface designed to dramatically improve the throughput of ML screening by combining high-density cell culture with precision extraction and the recovery of individual, microscale colonies for follow-up genetic and phenotypic characterization. ML populations are first added to a hydrogel precursor solution consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) o-nitrobenzyl diacrylate and PEG-tetrathiol macromers, where they become encapsulated into 13 μm thick hydrogel layers at a density of 90 cells/mm2, enabling parallel monitoring of 2.8 × 104 mutants per hydrogel. Encapsulated cells remain confined within the elastic matrix during culture, allowing one to track individual cells that grow into small, stable microcolonies (45 ± 4 μm in diameter) over the course of 72 h. Colonies with rare growth profiles can then be identified, extracted, and recovered from the hydrogel in a sequential manner and with minimal damage using a high-resolution, 365 nm patterned light source. The light pattern can be varied to release motile cells, cellular aggregates, or microcolonies encapsulated in protective PEG coatings. To access the benefits of this approach for ML screening, an Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 transposon ML was screened for rare, resistant mutants able to grow in the presence of cell free culture media from Rhizobium rhizogenes K84, a well-known inhibitor of C58 cell growth. Subsequent genomic analysis of rare cells (9/28,000) that developed into microcolonies identified that seven of the resistant strains had mutations in the acc locus of the Ti plasmid. These observations are consistent with past research demonstrating that the disruption of this locus confers resistance to agrocin 84, an inhibitory molecule produced by K84. The high-throughput nature of the screen allows the A. tumefaciens genome (approximately 5.6 Mbps) to be screened to saturation in a single experimental trial, compared to hundreds of platings required by conventional plating approaches. As a miniaturized version of the gold-standard plating assay, this materials-based approach offers a simple, inexpensive, and highly translational screening technique that does not require microfluidic devices or complex liquid handling steps. The approach is readily adaptable to other applications that require isolation and study of rare or phenotypically pure cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Fattahi
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Mohammadali Masigol
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - André J van der Vlies
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Reilly S Jensen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Ryan R Hansen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Thomas G Platt
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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114
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Le NNT, Liu TL, Johnston J, Krutty JD, Templeton KM, Harms V, Dias A, Le H, Gopalan P, Murphy WL. Customized hydrogel substrates for serum-free expansion of functional hMSCs. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3819-3829. [PMID: 32543628 PMCID: PMC7436193 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a screening approach to identify customized substrates for serum-free human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) culture. In particular, we combine a biomaterials screening approach with design of experiments (DOE) and multivariate analysis (MVA) to understand the effects of substrate stiffness, substrate adhesivity, and media composition on hMSC behavior in vitro. This approach enabled identification of poly(ethylene glycol)-based and integrin binding hydrogel substrate compositions that supported functional hMSC expansion in multiple serum-containing and serum-free media, as well as the expansion of MSCs from multiple, distinct sources. The identified substrates were compatible with standard thaw, seed, and harvest protocols. Finally, we used MVA on the screening data to reveal the importance of serum and substrate stiffness on hMSC expansion, highlighting the need for customized cell culture substrates in optimal hMSC biomanufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nhi T Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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115
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Dickmeis C, Kauth L, Commandeur U. From infection to healing: The use of plant viruses in bioactive hydrogels. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1662. [PMID: 32677315 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses show great diversity in shape and size, but each species forms unique nucleoprotein particles that are symmetrical and monodisperse. The genetically programed structure of plant viruses allows them to be modified by genetic engineering, bioconjugation, or encapsulation to form virus nanoparticles (VNPs) that are suitable for a broad range of applications. Plant VNPs can be used to present foreign proteins or epitopes, to construct inorganic hybrid materials, or to carry molecular cargos, allowing their utilization as imaging reagents, immunomodulators, therapeutics, nanoreactors, and biosensors. The medical applications of plant viruses benefit from their inability to infect and replicate in human cells. The structural properties of plant viruses also make them useful as components of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks composed of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb large amounts of water. They are used as supports for tissue regeneration, as reservoirs for controlled drug release, and are found in contact lenses, many wound healing materials, and hygiene products. They are also useful in ecological applications such as wastewater treatment. Hydrogel-based matrices are structurally similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide a scaffold for the attachment of cells. To fully replicate the functions of the ECM it is necessary to augment hydrogels with biological cues that regulate cellular interactions. This can be achieved by incorporating functionalized VNPs displaying ligands that influence the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels and their biological properties, promoting the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of embedded cells. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dickmeis
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louisa Kauth
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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116
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Usuelli M, Cao Y, Bagnani M, Handschin S, Nyström G, Mezzenga R. Probing the Structure of Filamentous Nonergodic Gels by Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Usuelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yiping Cao
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bagnani
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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117
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Temples MN, Adjei IM, Nimocks PM, Djeu J, Sharma B. Engineered Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Natural Killer Cell Suppression. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4179-4199. [PMID: 33463353 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical hurdle associated with natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies is inadequate infiltration and function in the solid tumor microenvironment. Well-controlled 3D culture systems could advance our understanding of the role of various biophysical and biochemical cues that impact NK cell migration in solid tumors. The objectives of this study were to establish a biomaterial which (i) supports NK cell migration and (ii) recapitulates features of the in vivo solid tumor microenvironment, to study NK infiltration and function in a 3D system. Using peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels, the extent of NK-92 cell migration was observed to be largely dependent on the density of integrin binding sites and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase degradable sites. When lung cancer cells were encapsulated into the hydrogels to create tumor microenvironments, the extent of NK-92 cell migration and functional activity was dependent on the cancer cell type and duration of 3D culture. NK-92 cells showed greater migration into the models consisting of nonmetastatic A549 cells relative to metastatic H1299 cells, and reduced migration in both models when cancer cells were cultured for 7 days versus 1 day. In addition, the production of NK cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was reduced in H1299 models relative to A549 models. These differences in NK-92 cell migration and cytokine/chemokine production corresponded to differences in the production of various immunomodulatory molecules by the different cancer cells, namely, the H1299 models showed increased stress ligand shedding and immunosuppressive cytokine production, particularly TGF-β. Indeed, inhibition of TGF-β receptor I in NK-92 cells restored their infiltration in H1299 models to levels similar to that in A549 models and increased overall infiltration in both models. Relative to conventional 2D cocultures, NK-92 cell mediated cytotoxicity was reduced in the 3D tumor models, suggesting the hydrogel serves to mimic some features of the biophysical barriers in in vivo tumor microenvironments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a synthetic hydrogel system for investigating the biophysical and biochemical cues impacting NK cell infiltration and NK cell-cancer cell interactions in the solid tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Temples
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Phoebe M Nimocks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center MRC 4E, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
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118
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Preparation and Characterization of pH Sensitive Chitosan/3-Glycidyloxypropyl Trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) Hydrogels by Sol-Gel Method. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061326. [PMID: 32532065 PMCID: PMC7362259 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
pH responsive chitosan and 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) hydrogels were synthesized by the sol-gel crosslinking reaction. GPTMS was introduced to influence several behaviors of the chitosan hydrogels, such as the swelling ratio, mechanical properties, swelling thermodynamics, kinetics, and expansion mechanism. The functional groups of Chitosan/GPTMS hybrid hydrogels were verified by FT-IR spectrometer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyzed the thermal behavior of water molecules, the expansion of thermodynamics, and the content of water molecules in the hydrogel. The results show that hydrogel consists of 50 wt.% GPTMS (CG50) and has good mechanical properties and sensitivity to pH response characteristics in the acidic/alkaline buffer solution. The increase of GPTMS content leads to the increase of hydrophobic groups in the hydrogel and causes the decrease of the overall water content and the freezing bond water content. When the hydrogels were immersed in acid solution, the interaction force parameter was smaller than that of DI-water and alkaline. It means that the interaction forces between hydrogel and water molecules are relatively strong. The swelling kinetics of hybrid hydrogels were investigated to inspect the swelling mechanism. The result is consistent with the Fisk’s diffusion mechanism, meaning that the rate of water penetration is adjustable. The biodegradable hydrogel (CG50) in this study has good environmental sensitivity and mechanical properties. It is suitable to be applied in the fields of drug release or biomedical technology.
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119
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Simpson LW, Good TA, Leach JB. Protein folding and assembly in confined environments: Implications for protein aggregation in hydrogels and tissues. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107573. [PMID: 32512220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the biological milieu of a cell, soluble crowding molecules and rigid confined environments strongly influence whether the protein is properly folded, intrinsically disordered proteins assemble into distinct phases, or a denatured or aggregated protein species is favored. Such crowding and confinement factors act to exclude solvent volume from the protein molecules, resulting in an increased local protein concentration and decreased protein entropy. A protein's structure is inherently tied to its function. Examples of processes where crowding and confinement may strongly influence protein function include transmembrane protein dimerization, enzymatic activity, assembly of supramolecular structures (e.g., microtubules), nuclear condensates containing transcriptional machinery, protein aggregation in the contexts of disease and protein therapeutics. Historically, most protein structures have been determined from pure, dilute protein solutions or pure crystals. However, these are not the environments in which these proteins function. Thus, there has been an increased emphasis on analyzing protein structure and dynamics in more "in vivo-like" environments. Complex in vitro models using hydrogel scaffolds to study proteins may better mimic features of the in vivo environment. Therefore, analytical techniques need to be optimized for real-time analysis of proteins within hydrogel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Simpson
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Eng 314, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Theresa A Good
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Jennie B Leach
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Eng 314, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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120
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Della Sala F, Biondi M, Guarnieri D, Borzacchiello A, Ambrosio L, Mayol L. Mechanical behavior of bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate matrices for biomedical application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103885. [PMID: 32957192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical applications of physically entangled polymeric hydrogels are generally limited due to their weak mechanical properties, rapid swelling and dissolution in physiologically relevant environment. Chemical crosslinking helps stabilizing hydrogel structure and enhancing mechanical properties, thereby allowing a higher stability in phisiological environment. In this context, it is known that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel are affected by both the molecular weight (MW) of the starting polymer and the concentration of the crosslinker. Here, our aim was to assess the influence of polymer MW and concentration in the precursor solution on the mechanical features of the final hydrogel and their influence on cells-material interaction. In detail, 3D synthetic matrices based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) at two molecular weights (PEG 700 and PEG 3400) and at three different concentrations (10, 20, 40 w/v %), which were photopolymerized using darocour as an initiator, were studied. Then, infrared and swelling analyses, along with a comprehensive mechanical characterization of the obtained hydrogels (i.e. oscillatory shear and confined compression tests), were performed. Finally, to evaluate the influence of the mechanical features on the biological behaviour, the hydrogels were characterized in terms of cell adhesion percentage and cell viability after functionalizing the substrates with RGD peptide at three different concentrations. Results have demonstrated that both the Young's modulus (E) in compression and the elastic modulus (G') in shear of the hydrogels increase with increasing polymer precursor concentration. E decreased as MW increased, and the differences are more relevant for more concentrated hydrogels. On the contrary, G' appears to increase with increasing PEGDA MW and in particular for the lowest polymer precursor concentration. The biological results have demonstrated that cells cultured for longer times seem to prefer PEG 3400 hydrogels with a larger mesh size structure that posses higher viscoelastic properties in shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Della Sala
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Napoli, Italy; University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Biondi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali (CRIB), Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia A. Zambelli, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, Salerno, I-84084, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Mayol
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali (CRIB), Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, Italy
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Junlapong K, Maijan P, Chaibundit C, Chantarak S. Effective adsorption of methylene blue by biodegradable superabsorbent cassava starch-based hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:258-264. [PMID: 32371133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels were synthesized from cassava starch (CS) and polyacrylamide (PAM) via radical polymerization. Scanning electron microscope revealed the porous structure of the hydrogels. Pore size was smaller at higher CS contents. Hydrogel containing 50 wt% CS (CS50) showed excellent water absorbency of >8000%, which was much greater than that of CS0 (pure PAM) hydrogel. This CS50 hydrogel removed >85% of methylene blue (MB) in <10 h with the greatest adsorption capacity of 2000 mg MB/g. The experimental results fitted the Freundlich and pseudo-second order models. After 4 cycles of use, the hydrogel could still remove >50% of MB in solution. Interestingly, the hydrogels were photodegradable and biodegradable. Buried in soil, the CS50 hydrogel was 80% degraded within 30 days whereas pure PAM was only 22% degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanda Junlapong
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, 90110
| | - Pattarawadee Maijan
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, 90110
| | - Chiraphon Chaibundit
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, 90110
| | - Sirinya Chantarak
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, 90110.
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122
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Curcumin loaded nanofibrous mats for wound healing application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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123
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Kim MH, Lee JN, Lee J, Lee H, Park WH. Enzymatically Cross-Linked Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Hydrogel with Enhanced Tissue Adhesive Property. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3103-3113. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jee Na Lee
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jeehee Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Won Ho Park
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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Vakkipurath Kodakkadan YN, Idzakovicova K, Sepitka J, Ten Napel D, Safai E, Cigler P, Štěpánek F, Rehor I. Arbitrarily-shaped microgels composed of chemically unmodified biopolymers. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3044-3051. [PMID: 32307470 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm02056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogels, composed of naturally occurring biopolymers are typically preferred over their synthetic analogues in bioapplications thanks to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, mechanical or degradation properties. Shaping biohydrogels on the single-cell length scales (micrometers) is a key ability needed to create bioequivalent artificial cell/tissue constructs and cannot be achieved with current methods. This work introduces a method for photolithographic synthesis of arbitrarily shaped microgels composed purely of a biopolymer of choice. The biopolymer is mixed with a sacrificial photocrosslinkable polymer, and the mixture is photocrosslinked in a lithographic process, yielding anisotropic microgels with the biopolymer entrapped in the network. Subsequent ionic or covalent biopolymer crosslinking followed by template cleavage yields a microgel composed purely of a biopolymer with the 3D shape dictated by the photocrosslinking process. Method feasibility is demonstrated with two model polysaccharide biopolymers (alginate, chitosan) using suitable crosslinking methods. Next, alginate microgels were used as microtaggants on a pharmaceutical oral solid dose formulation to prevent its counterfeiting. Since the alginate is approved as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the presented tagging system can be implemented in practical use much easier than systems comprising synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu N Vakkipurath Kodakkadan
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Maire du Poset A, Börjesson M, Rameau C, Madeleine-Perdrillat C, Lerbret A, Loupiac C, Cousin F, Assifaoui A. Controlled Loading and Release of Beta-Lactoglobulin in Calcium-Polygalacturonate Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1417-1426. [PMID: 32109357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We show here how the structure of polygalacturonate (polyGalA) hydrogels cross-linked by Ca2+ cations via external gelation controls the loading and release rate of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), a globular protein. Hydrogels prepared from a polyGalA/BLG solution are found to be similar to those obtained from a polyGalA solution in our previous study (Maire du Poset et al. Biomacromolecules 2019, 20 (7), 2864-2872): they exhibit similar transparencies and gradients of mechanical properties and polyGalA concentrations. The nominal BLG/polyGalA ratio of the mixtures is almost recovered within the whole mixed hydrogel despite such strong concentration gradients, except in the part of the hydrogels with the largest mesh size, where more BLG proteins are present. This gradient enables one to tune the amount of protein loaded within the hydrogel. At a local scale, the proteins are distributed evenly within the hydrogel network, as shown by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The release of proteins from hydrogels is driven by Fickian diffusion, and the release rate increases with the mesh size of the network, with a characteristic time of a few hours. The specific structure of these polysaccharide-based hydrogels allows for control of both the dosage and the release rate of the loaded protein and makes them good candidates for use as oral controlled-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maire du Poset
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mikaela Börjesson
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Céline Rameau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Adrien Lerbret
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Camille Loupiac
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ali Assifaoui
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
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126
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Schneider MC, Lalitha Sridhar S, Vernerey FJ, Bryant SJ. Spatiotemporal neocartilage growth in matrix-metalloproteinase-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels under dynamic compressive loading: an experimental and computational approach. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2775-2791. [PMID: 32155233 PMCID: PMC7695218 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-sensitive hydrogels containing encapsulated chondrocytes are a promising platform for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the growth of neotissue is closely coupled to the degradation of the hydrogel and is further complicated due to the encapsulated cells serving as the enzyme source for hydrogel degradation. To better understand these coupled processes, this study combined experimental and computational methods to analyze the transition from hydrogel to neotissue in a biomimetic MMP-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel with encapsulated chondrocytes. A physics-based computational model that describes spatial heterogeneities in cell distribution was used. Experimentally, cell-laden hydrogels were cultured for six weeks under free swelling or subjected daily to one-hour of dynamic compressive loading. Extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis rates were used as model inputs, and the model was fit to the experimentally determined construct modulus over time for the free swelling condition. Experimentally, ECM accumulation comprising collagen II and aggrecan increased over time concomitant with hydrogel degradation observed by a loss in PEG. Simulations demonstrated rapid degradation in regions of high cell density (i.e., cell clusters) reaching complete degradation by day 13, which facilitated localized ECM growth. Regions of low cell density degraded more slowly, had limited ECM, and led to the decrease in construct modulus during the first two weeks. The primary difference between the two culture environments was greater ECM accumulation in the clusters under free swelling, which facilitated a faster recovery in construct modulus. By 6 weeks the compressive modulus increased 2.5-fold to 107 kPa under free swelling, but dropped 1.6-fold to 26 kPa under loading. In summary, this biomimetic MMP-sensitive hydrogel supports neocartilage growth by facilitating rapid ECM growth within cell clusters, which was followed by slower growth in the rest of the hydrogel. Subtle temporal differences in hydrogel degradation and ECM accumulation, however, had a significant impact on the evolving mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA.
| | - Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA.
| | - Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA and Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA
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127
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Boudraa KE, Bouchaour T, Beyens C, Maschke U. Novel interpenetrating polymer network composed of poly(butyl acrylates) and poly(ethyl-hexyl acrylate). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1737467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Eddine Boudraa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Saida, Saida, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bakr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Tewfik Bouchaour
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bakr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Christophe Beyens
- Unité de Matériaux et de Transformations UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité de Matériaux et de Transformations UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
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128
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Cao Y, Lee BH, Irvine SA, Wong YS, Bianco Peled H, Venkatraman S. Inclusion of Cross-Linked Elastin in Gelatin/PEG Hydrogels Favourably Influences Fibroblast Phenotype. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030670. [PMID: 32192137 PMCID: PMC7183321 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of a biomaterial to innately modulate cell behavior while meeting the mechanical property requirements of the implant is a much sought-after goal within bioengineering. Here we covalently incorporate soluble elastin into a gelatin–poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel for three-dimensional (3D) cell encapsulation to achieve these properties. The inclusion of elastin into a previously optimized gelatin–PEG hydrogel was then evaluated for effects on entrapped fibroblasts, with the aim to assess the hydrogel as an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking 3D microenvironment for cellular guidance. Soluble elastin was incorporated both physically and covalently into novel gelatin/elastin hybrid PEG hydrogels with the aim to harness the cellular interactivity and mechanical tunability of both elastin and gelatin. This design allowed us to assess the benefits of elastin-containing hydrogels in guiding fibroblast activity for evaluation as a potential dermal replacement. It was found that a gelatin–PEG hydrogel with covalently conjugated elastin, supported neonatal fibroblast viability, promoted their proliferation from 7.3% to 13.5% and guided their behavior. The expression of collagen alpha-1(COL1A1) and elastin in gelatin/elastin hybrid gels increased 16-fold and 6-fold compared to control sample at day 9, respectively. Moreover, cells can be loaded into the hydrogel precursor solution, deposited, and the matrix cross-linked without affecting the incorporated cells adversely, thus enabling a potential injectable system for dermal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Y.C.); (B.H.L.); (S.A.I.); (Y.S.W.)
- The Inter-Departmental Program for Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Y.C.); (B.H.L.); (S.A.I.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Scott Alexander Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Y.C.); (B.H.L.); (S.A.I.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Yee Shan Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (Y.C.); (B.H.L.); (S.A.I.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Havazelet Bianco Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Correspondence: (H.B.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Subramanian Venkatraman
- Subramanian Venkatraman, Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: (H.B.P.); (S.V.)
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129
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Muralter F, Greco F, Coclite AM. Applicability of Vapor-Deposited Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Thin Films in Ultrafast Humidity Sensors/Actuators. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:1160-1168. [PMID: 32201862 PMCID: PMC7076731 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers reversibly react to changes in temperature and water content of their environment (i.e., relative humidity, RH). In the present contribution, the thermoresponsiveness of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) thin films cross-linked by di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition are investigated to assess their applicability to sensor and actuator setups. A lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is observed at around 16 °C in aqueous environment, associated with a dramatic change in film thickness (e.g., 200% increase at low temperatures) and refractive index, while only thermal expansion of the polymeric system is found, when ramping the temperature in dry atmosphere. In humid environment, we observed a significant response occurring in low RH (already below 5% RH), with the moisture swelling the thin film (up to 4%), but mainly replacing air in the polymeric structure up to ∼40% RH. Non-temperature-dependent swelling is observed up to 80% RH. Above that, thermoresponsive behavior is also demonstrated to be present in humid environment for the first time, whereas toward 100% RH, film thickness and index appear to approach the values obtained in water at the respective temperatures. The response times are similar in a large range of RH and are faster than the ones of the reference humidity sensor used (i.e., seconds). A sensor/actuator hygromorphic device was built by coating a thin flower-shaped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate with the thermoresponsive polymer. The large swelling due to water uptake upon exposure to humid environment at temperatures below the LCST caused the petals to bend, mimicking the capability of plants to respond to environmental stimuli via reversible mechanical motion.
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130
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Acharya S, Jiang A, Kuo C, Nazarian R, Li K, Ma A, Siegal B, Toh C, Schmidt JJ. Improved Measurement of Proteins Using a Solid-State Nanopore Coupled with a Hydrogel. ACS Sens 2020; 5:370-376. [PMID: 31965788 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although resistive pulse sensing using solid-state nanopores is capable of single-molecule sensitivity, previous work has shown that nanoparticles, such as proteins, pass through nanopores too quickly for accurate detection with typical measurement apparatus. As a result, nanopore measurements of these particles significantly deviate from theoretically estimated current amplitudes and detection rates. Here, we show that a hydrogel placed on the distal side of a nanopore can increase the residence time of nanoparticles within the nanopore, significantly increasing the detection rate and allowing improved resolution of blockage currents. The method is simple and inexpensive to implement while being label-free and applicable to a wide range of nanoparticle targets. Using hydrogel-backed nanopores, we detected the protein IgG with event frequencies several orders of magnitude higher than those in the absence of the hydrogel and with larger measured currents that agree well with theoretical models. We also show that the improved measurement also enables discrimination of IgG and bovine serum albumin in a mixed solution. Finally, we show that measurements of IgG with the hydrogel-backed nanopores can also yield current amplitude distributions that can be analyzed to infer its approximate shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Acharya
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ann Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chance Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Reyhaneh Nazarian
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katharine Li
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anthony Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brian Siegal
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob J. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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131
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Montheil T, Maumus M, Valot L, Lebrun A, Martinez J, Amblard M, Noël D, Mehdi A, Subra G. Inorganic Sol-Gel Polymerization for Hydrogel Bioprinting. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2640-2647. [PMID: 32095687 PMCID: PMC7033675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An inorganic sol-gel polymerization process was used as a cross-linking reaction during three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell-containing hydrogel scaffolds. Hybrid hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), with a controlled ratio of silylation, was prepared and isolated as a 3D-network precursor. When dissolved in a biological buffer containing human mesenchymal stem cells, it yields a bioink that can be printed during polymerization by extrusion. It is worth noting that the sol-gel process proceeded at pH 7.4 using biocompatible mode of catalysis (NaF and glycine). The printing window was determined by rheology and viscosity measurements. The physicochemical properties of hydrogels were studied. Covalent functionalization of the network can be easily performed by adding a triethoxysilyl-containing molecule; a fluorescent hybrid molecule was used as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titouan Montheil
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Maumus
- IRMB,
University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurine Valot
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- ICGM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Amblard
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB,
University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Clinical
Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Hopital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM,
University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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132
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Topical antimicrobial peptide formulations for wound healing: Current developments and future prospects. Acta Biomater 2020; 103:52-67. [PMID: 31874224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the natural antibiotics recognized for their potent antibacterial and wound healing properties. Bare AMPs have limited activity following topical application attributable to their susceptibility to environment (hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis), and wound (alkaline pH, proteolysis) related factors as well as minimal residence time. Therefore, the formulation of AMPs is essential to enhance stability, prolong delivery, and optimize effectiveness at the wound site. Different topical formulations of AMPs have been developed so far including nanoparticles, hydrogels, creams, ointments, and wafers to aid in controlling bacterial infection and enhance wound healing process in vivo. Herein, an overview is provided of the AMPs and current understanding of their formulations for topical wound healing applications along with suitable examples. Furthermore, future prospects for the development of effective combination AMP formulations are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic wound infection and subsequent development of antibiotic resistance are serious clinical problems affecting millions of people worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess great potential in effectively killing the bacteria with minimal risk of resistance development. However, AMPs susceptibility to degradation following topical application limits their antimicrobial and wound healing effects. Therefore, development of an optimized topical formulation with high peptide stability and sustained AMP delivery is necessary to maximize the antimicrobial and wound healing effects. The present review provides an overview of the state-of-art in the field of topical AMP formulations for wound healing. Current developments in the field of topical AMP formulations are reviewed and future prospects for the development of effective combination AMP formulations are discussed.
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133
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Rukmani SJ, Anstine DM, Munasinghe A, Colina CM. An Insight into Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ideal‐Networked Poly(Ethylene Glycol)–Peptide Hydrogels from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini J. Rukmani
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Dylan M. Anstine
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Aravinda Munasinghe
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Coray M. Colina
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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134
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Perera MM, Ayres N. Dynamic covalent bonds in self-healing, shape memory, and controllable stiffness hydrogels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01694e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A review of hydrogels containing dynamic bonds that are shown to provide benefits for applications including self-healing and stimuli-induced stiffness changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mario Perera
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
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135
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Bennett JA, Davis BA, Efimenko K, Genzer J, Abolhasani M. Network-supported, metal-mediated catalysis: progress and perspective. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This minireview focuses on recent developments of network-supported catalysts to improve the performance of a wide range of metal-mediated catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Bennett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Bradley A. Davis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Kirill Efimenko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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136
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Sheth S, Barnard E, Hyatt B, Rathinam M, Zustiak SP. Predicting Drug Release From Degradable Hydrogels Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Mathematical Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:410. [PMID: 31956651 PMCID: PMC6951421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting release from degradable hydrogels is challenging but highly valuable in a multitude of applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a simple mathematical and computational model that accounts for time-varying diffusivity and geometry to predict solute release profiles from degradable hydrogels. Our approach was to use time snapshots of diffusivity and hydrogel geometry data measured experimentally as inputs to a computational model which predicts release profile. We used two model proteins of varying molecular weights: bovine serum albumin (BSA; 66 kDa) and immunoglobulin G (IgG; 150 kDa). We used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to determine protein diffusivity as a function of hydrogel degradation. We tracked changes in gel geometry over the same time period. Curve fits to the diffusivity and geometry data were used as inputs to the computational model to predict the protein release profiles from the degradable hydrogels. We validated the model using conventional bulk release experiments. Because we approached the hydrogel as a black box, the model is particularly valuable for hydrogel systems whose degradation mechanisms are not known or cannot be accurately modeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahil Sheth
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily Barnard
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ben Hyatt
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muruhan Rathinam
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
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137
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Kim S, Cha C. Enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of heteroscaled hydrogels infused with aqueous-dispersible hybrid nanofibers. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015020. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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138
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Kim S, Kang TH, Yi GR. The effect of blob size in polymer networks on nanoparticle-mediated adhesion of hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9942-9948. [PMID: 31750506 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles can be used as an adhesive for hydrogels or biological tissues due to their physical adsorption to polymer chains. Recently, we found that mesoporous nanoparticles were able to enhance the adhesion energy between hydrogels compared with non-porous nanoparticles because of the higher outer surface area of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. However, even in the case that the outer surface areas of mesoporous silica nanoparticles are similar, mesoporous nanoparticles with larger pore diameters showed significantly higher nanoparticle-mediated adhesion energy between hydrogels with a swelling ratio of 400%. Here, we have changed the swelling ratio of hydrogels in the preparation step so that the blob size in the polymer network changed accordingly. In experimental data, we found that the optimum pore size of mesoporous nanoparticles increased as the blob size increased for higher swelling ratio, which is ascribed to the larger blob size of polymer networks in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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139
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Widmann T, Kreuzer LP, Hohn N, Bießmann L, Wang K, Rinner S, Moulin JF, Schmid AJ, Hannappel Y, Wrede O, Kühnhammer M, Hellweg T, von Klitzing R, Müller-Buschbaum P. Hydration and Solvent Exchange Induced Swelling and Deswelling of Homogeneous Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16341-16352. [PMID: 31714092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the response kinetics of smart colloidal microgel films is crucial for their optimization to enable advanced applications. We study the classical thermoresponsive microgel model system N-isopropylacrylamide cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. Without the typically used polyelectrolyte coating of the substrate, thin microgel films are prepared in a single spin-coating step. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal an extremely dense packing, resulting in a homogeneous compact thin film of microgel particles. The hydration kinetics of these films in H2O and D2O atmospheres as well as the kinetics of the solvent exchange between both water species are investigated with in situ time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (TOF-NR) and in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. With accounting for a nonconstant humid atmosphere, the intrinsic diffusion dynamics of water molecules into the thin microgel film are modeled and the specific time constant τ and the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χeff are determined. Comparing the results in H2O and D2O atmospheres, TOF-NR and FTIR spectroscopy results show an increased affinity of the microgel films toward H2O as compared to D2O. From the FTIR spectroscopy data, we further identify different kinetics of intermolecular processes and order them according to their temporal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Widmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Nuri Hohn
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Stephan Rinner
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jean-François Moulin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Andreas J Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie, Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Oliver Wrede
- Fakultät für Chemie, Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Matthias Kühnhammer
- Festkörperphysik , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Hochschulstraße 8 , 64289 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Fakultät für Chemie, Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Festkörperphysik , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Hochschulstraße 8 , 64289 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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140
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Campbell KT, Wysoczynski K, Hadley DJ, Silva EA. Computational-Based Design of Hydrogels with Predictable Mesh Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:308-319. [PMID: 33313390 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel systems are an appealing class of therapeutic delivery vehicles, though it can be challenging to design hydrogels that maintain desired spatiotemporal presentation of therapeutic cargo. In this work, we propose a different approach in which computational tools are developed that creates a theoretical representation of the hydrogel polymer network to design hydrogels with predefined mesh properties critical for controlling therapeutic delivery. We postulated and confirmed that the computational model could incorporate properties of alginate polymers, including polymer content, monomer composition and polymer chain radius, to accurately predict cross-link density and mesh size for a wide range of alginate hydrogels. Additionally, the simulations provided a robust strategy to determine the mesh size distribution and identified properties to control the mesh size of alginate hydrogels. Furthermore, the model was validated for additional hydrogel systems and provided a high degree of correlation (R2 > 0.95) to the mesh sizes determined for both fibrin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels. Finally, a full factorial and Box-Behnken design of experiments (DOE) approach utilized in combination with the computational model predicted that the mesh size of hydrogels could be varied from approximately 5 nm to 5 μm through controlling properties of the polymer network. Overall, this computational model of the hydrogel polymer network provides a rapid and accessible strategy to predict hydrogel mesh properties and ultimately design hydrogel systems with desired mesh properties for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kajetan Wysoczynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dustin J Hadley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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141
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Lapomarda A, De Acutis A, Chiesa I, Fortunato GM, Montemurro F, De Maria C, Mattioli Belmonte M, Gottardi R, Vozzi G. Pectin-GPTMS-Based Biomaterial: toward a Sustainable Bioprinting of 3D scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:319-327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lapomarda
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurora De Acutis
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Chiesa
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gabriele M. Fortunato
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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142
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Pereira Gomes I, Aparecida Duarte J, Chaves Maia AL, Rubello D, Townsend DM, Branco de Barros AL, Leite EA. Thermosensitive Nanosystems Associated with Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E171. [PMID: 31775273 PMCID: PMC6958340 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy regimens have limitations due to serious adverse effects. Targeted drug delivery systems to reduce systemic toxicity are a powerful drug development platform. Encapsulation of antitumor drug(s) in thermosensitive nanocarriers is an emerging approach with a promise to improve uptake and increase therapeutic efficacy, as they can be activated by hyperthermia selectively at the tumor site. In this review, we focus on thermosensitive nanosystems associated with hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer, in preclinical and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pereira Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Chaves Maia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Trasfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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143
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Mejías JC, Roy K. In-vitro and in-vivo characterization of a multi-stage enzyme-responsive nanoparticle-in-microgel pulmonary drug delivery system. J Control Release 2019; 316:393-403. [PMID: 31715279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the lung is an obvious target for site-specific delivery of many therapeutics for respiratory airway diseases such as asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis, novel strategies are needed to avoid key physiologic barriers for efficient delivery and controlled release of therapeutics to the lungs. Specifically, deposition into the deep lung requires particles with a 1-5μm aerodynamic diameter; however, particles with a geometric diameter less than 6μm are rapidly cleared by alveolar macrophages. Additionally, epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells prefer smaller (< 300nm) nanoparticles for efficient endocytosis. Here we address these contradictory design requirements by using a nanoparticle-inside-microgel system (Nano-in-Microgel). Using an improved maleimide-thiol based Michael Addition during (water-in-oil) Emulsion (MADE) method, we fabricated both trypsin-responsive and neutrophil elastase-responsive polymeric Nano-in-Microgel to show the versatility of the system in easily exchanging enzyme-responsive crosslinkers for disease-specific proteases. By varying the initial macromer concentration, from 20 to 50% w/v, the size distribution means ranged from 4-8μm, enzymatic degradation of the microgels is within 30min, and in vitro macrophage phagocytosis is lower for the higher % w/v. We further demonstrated that in vivo lung delivery of the multi-stage carriers through the pulmonary route yields particle retention up to several hours and followed by clearance within in naïve mice. Our results provide a further understanding of how enzymatically-degradable multi-stage polymeric carriers can be used for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscelyn C Mejías
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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144
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Maijan P, Chantarak S. Synthesis and characterization of highly durable and reusable superabsorbent core–shell particles. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawadee Maijan
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Sirinya Chantarak
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
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145
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Huang H, Qi X, Chen Y, Wu Z. Thermo-sensitive hydrogels for delivering biotherapeutic molecules: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:990-999. [PMID: 31997906 PMCID: PMC6978621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, a variety of delivery systems based on organic or inorganic materials have been investigated. Among them, hydrogels have become one of the most promising field in drug delivery system due to their unique properties. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which gelation at physiological temperature, gift the delivery system with excellent spatial and temporal control, and have a widely application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, and wound dressing. This review provides a brief overview on the concept and classification of temperature-sensitive hydrogels, and covers the application of temperature-sensitive gel systems in delivery of biotherapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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146
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Muralidharan A, Uzcategui AC, McLeod RR, Bryant SJ. Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual-Material Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2019; 4:1900592. [PMID: 33043126 PMCID: PMC7546532 DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a rapid and facile approach to predictably control integration between two materials with divergent properties. Programmed integration between photopolymerizable soft and stiff hydrogels was investigated for their promise in applications such as tissue engineering where heterogeneous properties are often desired. Spatial control afforded by grayscale 3D printing was leveraged to define regions at the interface that permit diffusive transport of a second material in-filled into the 3D printed part. The printing parameters (i.e., effective exposure dose) for the resin were correlated directly to mesh size to achieve controlled diffusion. Applying this information to grayscale exposures led to a range of distances over which integration was achieved with high fidelity. A prescribed finite distance of integration between soft and stiff hydrogels led to a 33% increase in strain to failure under tensile testing and eliminated failure at the interface. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated in a layer-by-layer 3D printed part fabricated by stereolithography, which was subsequently infilled with a soft hydrogel containing osteoblastic cells. In summary, this approach holds promise for applications where integration of multiple materials and living cells is needed by allowing precise control over integration and reducing mechanical failure at contrasting material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archish Muralidharan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Asais C. Uzcategui
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Robert R. McLeod
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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147
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Mardpour S, Ghanian MH, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Mardpour S, Nazari A, Shekari F, Baharvand H. Hydrogel-Mediated Sustained Systemic Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improves Hepatic Regeneration in Chronic Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37421-37433. [PMID: 31525863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have been widely reported as promising cell-free products that show therapeutic effects of the parental cells but not their limitations. Due to the intrinsic liver tropism of MSC-EVs, they have been widely used as therapeutics or drug carriers for treatment of liver diseases. However, rapid clearance from the target site may attenuate the efficiency of systemically administered MSC-EVs. Herein, sustained release into the peritoneum has been proposed as a new strategy to prolong the bioavailability of the MSC-EVs in the target liver. During intraperitoneal injection, clickable polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromeres were mixed with MSC-EVs to form EV-encapsulated PEG hydrogels via a fast, biocompatible click reaction. Upon biodegradation, the EV-laden hydrogels were swollen gradually to release EVs in a sustained manner over 1 month. In vivo tracking of the labeled EVs revealed that the accumulation of EVs in the liver was extended by hydrogel-mediated delivery for 1 month. Four weeks after injection in a rat model of chronic liver fibrosis, the physical and histopathological investigations of the harvested liver showed superior antifibrosis, anti-apoptosis, and regenerative effects of the EVs when delivered by the sustained systemic release (Gel-EV) to the conventional bolus injection (Free-EV). Specifically, the Gel-EV system improved the antifibrosis, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and regenerative effects of the EVs to nearly 40, 50, 40, and 50% compared to Free-EV, respectively, as was specified by quantification of the fibrotic area, α-SMA density, and caspase-3 density in the harvested tissues and ALT enzyme in serum. This study may potentiate the use of MSC-EVs as cell-free therapeutics for chronic liver failure. The sustained systemic delivery strategy may open a new paradigm to extend the effects of disease-targeting EVs over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Isar 11, 47138-18983 Babol , Iran
| | - Saeid Mardpour
- Department of Radiology Medical Imaging Center , Imam Khomeini Hospital , 1419733141 Tehran , Iran
- Department of Radiology , Iran University of Medical Sciences , 1449614525 Tehran , Iran
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148
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Bisht J, LeValley P, Noren B, McBride R, Kharkar P, Kloxin A, Gatlin J, Oakey J. Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3499-3511. [PMID: 31544194 PMCID: PMC7819639 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free Xenopus egg extract is a widely used and biochemically tractable model system that allows recapitulation and elucidation of fundamental cellular processes. Recently, the introduction of microfluidic extract manipulation has enabled compartmentalization of bulk extract and a newfound ability to study organelles on length scales that recapitulate key features of cellular morphology. While the microfluidic confinement of extracts has produced a compelling platform for the in vitro study of cell processes at physiologically-relevant length scales, it also imposes experimental limitations by restricting dynamic control over extract properties. Here, we introduce photodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels as a vehicle to passively and selectively manipulate extract composition through the release of proteins encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix. Photopatterned PEG hydrogels, passive to both extract and encapsulated proteins, serve as protein depots within microfluidic channels, which are subsequently flooded with extract. Illumination by ultraviolet light (UV) degrades the hydrogel structures and releases encapsulated protein. We show that an engineered fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (GST-GFP-NLS) retains its ability to localize within nearby nuclei following UV-induced release from hydrogel structures. When diffusion is considered, the kinetics of nuclear accumulation are similar to those in experiments utilizing conventional, bulk fluid handling. Similarly, the release of recombinant cyclin B Δ90, a mutant form of the master cell cycle regulator cyclin B which lacks the canonical destruction box, was able to induce the expected cell cycle transition from interphase to mitosis. This transition was confirmed by the observation of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), a phenomenological hallmark of mitosis, and the induction of mitosis-specific biochemical markers. This approach to extract manipulation presents a versatile and customizable route to regulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular events in microfluidically confined cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Paige LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - April Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jesse Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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149
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Chen K, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Hao X, Shao F, Dou Z, An C, Zhuang Z, Luo Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Ji P, Chen T, Wang H. Entanglement-Driven Adhesion, Self-Healing, and High Stretchability of Double-Network PEG-Based Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36458-36468. [PMID: 31509371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels that are capable of wet adhesion and self-healing can enable major advances in a variety of biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration, wound dressings, wearable/implantable devices, and drug delivery. We hereby developed an innovative but simple strategy to achieve adhesive, self-healing, and highly stretchable double-network hydrogels, which were composed of a primary covalent polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) network in combination with a noncovalent network of highly diffusive, giant PEG chains. The adhesion to substrates including tissue matrices was instant and repeatable due to the diffusive PEG chains that can spontaneously penetrate and entangle with the substrate network. Combining the intrinsic biocompatibility of PEG and rational design for tuning the hydrogel network properties, we exemplarily demonstrated that this hydrogel can be used as a three-dimensional matrix for cell culture or as a tissue adhesive for wound healing. The in vivo study showed that the hydrogel is capable of effectively triggering skin wound healing with a significantly lower immune response in comparison to commercial tissue adhesives currently used in clinics. Therefore, our study provides new and critical insights into the design strategy to achieve adhesion and rehealability by taking advantages of the entanglement effect from double-network hydrogels and opens up a new avenue for the application of entanglement-driven hydrogels in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Chen
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Yangyingfan Feng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 401147 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518037 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Hao
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Shao
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Zhumei Zhuang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Luo
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 401147 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 401147 , P. R. China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2, Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
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150
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Gilchrist AE, Lee S, Hu Y, Harley BA. Soluble Signals and Remodeling in a Synthetic Gelatin-Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900751. [PMID: 31532901 PMCID: PMC6813872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within niches that provide microenvironmental signals in the form of biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell-cell interactions that influence HSC fate decisions. This study seeks to inform the development of a synthetic culture platform that promotes ex vivo HSC expansion without exhaustion. A library of methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels is used to explore remodeling and crosstalk from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the expansion and quiescence of murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables MSC-mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment over time. An initially low-diffusivity hydrogel for co-culture of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to MSCs facilitates maintenance of an early progenitor cell population over 7 days. Excitingly, this platform promotes retention of a quiescent HSC population compared to HSC monocultures. These studies reveal MSC-density-dependent upregulation of MMP-9 and changes in hydrogel mechanical properties (ΔE = 2.61 ± 0.72) suggesting MSC-mediated matrix remodeling may contribute to a dynamic culture environment. Herein, a 3D hydrogel is reported for ex vivo HSC culture, in which HSC expansion and quiescence is sensitive to hydrogel properties, MSC co-culture, and MSC-mediated hydrogel remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sunho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
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