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Krishna S, Berridge B, Kleinstreuer N. High-Throughput Screening to Identify Chemical Cardiotoxic Potential. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:566-583. [PMID: 33346635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is one of the most prevalent public health concerns, and mounting evidence supports the contribution of environmental chemicals to CV disease burden. In this study, we performed cardiotoxicity profiling for the Tox21 chemical library by focusing on high-throughput screening (HTS) assays whose targets are associated with adverse events related to CV failure modes. Our objective was to develop new hypotheses around environmental chemicals of potential interest for adverse CV outcomes using Tox21/ToxCast HTS data. Molecular and cellular events linked to six failure modes of CV toxicity were cross-referenced with 1399 Tox21/ToxCast assays to identify cardio-relevant bioactivity signatures. The resulting 40 targets, measured in 314 assays, were integrated via a ToxPi visualization tool and ranking system to prioritize 1138 chemicals based upon formal integration across multiple domains of information. Filtering was performed based on cytotoxicity and generalized cell stress endpoints to try and isolate chemicals with effects specific to CV biology, and bioactivity- and structure-based clustering identified subgroups of chemicals preferentially affecting targets such as ion channels and vascular tissue biology. Our approach identified drugs with known cardiotoxic effects, such as estrogenic modulators like clomiphene and raloxifene, anti-arrhythmic drugs like amiodarone and haloperidol, and antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine. Several classes of environmental chemicals such as organotins, bisphenol-like chemicals, pesticides, and quaternary ammonium compounds demonstrated strong bioactivity against CV targets; these were compared to existing data in the literature (e.g., from cardiomyocytes, animal data, or human epidemiological studies) and prioritized for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Krishna
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Brian Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
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Zequn Z, Yujia W, Dingding Q, Jiangfang L. Off-label use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 risks prolonging the QT interval by targeting the hERG channel. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173813. [PMID: 33345848 PMCID: PMC7746509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses an enormous challenge to the medical system, especially the lack of safe and effective COVID-19 treatment methods, forcing people to look for drugs that may have therapeutic effects as soon as possible. Some old drugs have shown clinical benefits after a few small clinical trials that attracted great attention. Clinically, however, many drugs, including those currently used in COVID-19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir, may cause cardiotoxicity by acting on cardiac potassium channels, especially hERG channel through their off-target effects. The blocking of the hERG channel prolongs QT intervals on electrocardiograms; thus, it might induce severe ventricular arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death. Therefore, while focusing on the efficacy of COVID-19 drugs, the fact that they block hERG channels to cause arrhythmias cannot be ignored. To develop safer and more effective drugs, it is necessary to understand the interactions between drugs and the hERG channel and the molecular mechanism behind this high affinity. In this review, we focus on the biochemical and molecular mechanistic aspects of drug-related blockade of the hERG channel to provide insights into QT prolongation caused by off-label use of related drugs in COVID-19, and hope to weigh the risks and benefits when using these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zequn
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Wu Yujia
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Qian Dingding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Lian Jiangfang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Riley ED, Vittinghoff E, Wu AHB, Coffin PO, Hsue PY, Kazi DS, Wade A, Braun C, Lynch KL. Impact of polysubstance use on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I over time in homeless and unstably housed women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108252. [PMID: 32919207 PMCID: PMC7873814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of controlled substances like cocaine increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and myocardial infarction (MI). However, outside of alcohol and tobacco, substance use is not included in CVD risk assessment tools. We identified the effects of using multiple substances (nicotine/cotinine, cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and other opioids) on cardiac injury measured by high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnI) in homeless and unstably housed women. METHODS We recruited 245 homeless and unstably housed women from shelters, free meal programs and street encampments. Participants completed six monthly study visits. Adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors, we examined longitudinal associations between substance use and hsTnI. RESULTS Median participant age was 53 years and 74 % were ethnic minority women. At baseline, 76 % of participants had hypertension, 31 % were HIV-positive, 8% had a history of a prior MI and 12 % of prior stroke. The most commonly used substances were cotinine/nicotine (80 %), cannabis (68 %) and cocaine (66 %). HsTnI exceeding the 99th percentile (14.7 ng/L) - a level high enough to signal possible MI - was observed in 14 participants during >1 study visit (6%). In adjusted analysis, cocaethylene and fentanyl were significantly associated with higher hsTnI levels. CONCLUSIONS Fentanyl use and the co-use of cocaine and alcohol are associated with myocardial injury, suggesting that the use of these substances may act as long-term cardiac insults. Whether risk counseling on these specific substances and/or including their use in CVD risk stratification would improve CVD outcomes in populations where substance use is high merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Riley
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phillip O Coffin
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dhruv S Kazi
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Wade
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl Braun
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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104
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Kharkovskaya EЕ, Osipov GV, Mukhina IV. Ventricular fibrillation induced by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate under conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:619-628. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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105
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Peng L, Yam PPY, Yang LS, Sato S, Li CK, Cheung YT. Neurocognitive impairment in Asian childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:27-41. [PMID: 31965433 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk of developing neurocognitive deficits due to the intensive treatment they received at an early age. Most studies on childhood cancer survivorship have so far focused on the Western populations. Due to the ethnic, genetic, environmental, and cultural differences, clinical data of the Western populations may not be representative of Asian countries. This scoping review systematically summarized the existing clinical evidence of the neurocognitive impairment of Asian childhood cancer survivors. We searched the Embase and Medline databases for studies assessing the neurocognitive functions of survivors in Asia, who were diagnosed with cancer before the age of 19 and completed active treatment. The literature search identified 13 studies involving 2212 participants from five Asian countries: South Korea (n = 4, 30.8%), Taiwan (n = 3, 23.1%), Japan (n = 3, 23.1%), Hong Kong (n = 2, 15.4%), and Thailand (n = 1, 7.7%). The included studies focused on CNS tumors (n = 10, 76.9%), hematological malignancies (n = 7, 53.8%), or heterogeneous cancer diagnoses (n = 3, 23.1%). Collectively, mild-to-moderate impairment in intelligence was observed in 10.0 to 42.8% of survivors, which seemed higher than the reported rate in Western survivors. We speculate that the ethnic and genetic variations in drug responses and susceptibility to adverse chronic toxicities may have contributed to the differences in the prevalence and severity of neurocognitive impairment between these two populations. To better understand the effects of culturally relevant and region-specific environmental risk factors on the post-treatment neurocognitive development in cancer survivors, a holistic approach that addresses the complex interactions between biological, physical, and psychosocial factors is needed. This will aid the development of effective intervention strategies to improve the functional and psychosocial outcomes of cancer survivors in Asian societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8th Floor, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Perri Pui-Yan Yam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8th Floor, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lok Sum Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8th Floor, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Satomi Sato
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Kong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8th Floor, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Agrahari V, Agrahari V, Chou ML, Chew CH, Noll J, Burnouf T. Intelligent micro-/nanorobots as drug and cell carrier devices for biomedical therapeutic advancement: Promising development opportunities and translational challenges. Biomaterials 2020; 260:120163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cannabis and tramadol addiction: Do they imply additive risk for acute myocardial infarction in adults younger than 45 years? Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 24:316-325. [PMID: 33122481 PMCID: PMC7724384 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.67206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of cardiovascular events worldwide. AMI commonly occurs in elderly patients because of atherosclerotic process related to common risk factors. Consequently, the rupture of atheromatous plaque with deleterious sequela is the common etiology of the disease. However, there are less studied etiological factors in youth compared with the usual population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the risk profile of Egyptian youth presenting with AMI. METHODS A study was conducted in 106 patients aged ≤45 years admitted with AMI in our university hospital to explore their clinical profile risk factors. RESULTS In the study, 71 (67%) and 35 (33%) patients presented with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Anterior wall MI was predominant in 49 patients (46.2%). Moreover, 93 patients (88%) were smokers, 31 (29.2%) used tramadol, 43 (40.6%) smoked cannabis, 50 (47.2%) had poor sleeping habits, 29 (27.4%) had high stress levels, 37 (34.9%) had hypertension, and 22 (20.8%) had diabetes. Twenty (18.9%) patients had a family history of premature coronary artery disease. High and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were observed in 20 (18.9%) and 47 (44.3%) patients, respectively. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was involved in 56% of the studied population associated with tramadol use. A significant association was found between both tramadol use and cannabis smoking and presence of heavy thrombus burden on coronary angiography. CONCLUSION AMI in Egyptian youth was predominantly observed in men, with anterior STEMI as the most common presentation. Cannabis and tramadol addiction were high risk factors for AMI in Egyptian youth.
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Tene K, Kumar K, Pemmaraju DB, Kumar J, Shantanu PA, Gogoi R, Naidu VGM. Ameliorative effect of Dillenia indica fruits against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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109
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Schindler CW, Thorndike EB, Partilla JS, Rice KC, Baumann MH. Amphetamine-like Neurochemical and Cardiovascular Effects of α-Ethylphenethylamine Analogs Found in Dietary Supplements. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:118-126. [PMID: 33082158 PMCID: PMC7788351 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements often contain additives not listed on the label, including α-ethyl homologs of amphetamine such as N,α-diethylphenethylamine (DEPEA). Here, we examined the neurochemical and cardiovascular effects of α-ethylphenethylamine (AEPEA), N-methyl-α-ethylphenethylamine (MEPEA), and DEPEA as compared with the effects of amphetamine. All drugs were tested in vitro using uptake inhibition and release assays for monoamine transporters. As expected, amphetamine acted as a potent and efficacious releasing agent at dopamine transporters (DAT) and norepinephrine transporters (NET) in vitro. AEPEA and MEPEA were also releasers at catecholamine transporters, with greater potency at NET than DAT. DEPEA displayed fully efficacious release at NET but weak partial release at DAT (i.e., 40% of maximal effect). In freely moving, conscious male rats fitted with biotelemetry transmitters for physiologic monitoring, amphetamine (0.1–3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) produced robust dose-related increases in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and motor activity. AEPEA (1–10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced significant increases in BP but not HR or activity, whereas DEPEA and MEPEA (1–10 mg/kg, s.c.) increased BP, HR, and activity. In general, the phenethylamine analogs were approximately 10-fold less potent than amphetamine. Our results show that α-ethylphenethylamine analogs are biologically active. Although less potent than amphetamine, they produce cardiovascular effects that could pose risks to humans. Given that MEPEA and DEPEA increased locomotor activity, these substances may also have significant abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Schindler
- Designer Drug Research Unit (C.W.S., J.S.P., M.H.B.) and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (C.W.S., E.B.T.), National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Research Programs, Rockville, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Eric B Thorndike
- Designer Drug Research Unit (C.W.S., J.S.P., M.H.B.) and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (C.W.S., E.B.T.), National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Research Programs, Rockville, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - John S Partilla
- Designer Drug Research Unit (C.W.S., J.S.P., M.H.B.) and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (C.W.S., E.B.T.), National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Research Programs, Rockville, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Designer Drug Research Unit (C.W.S., J.S.P., M.H.B.) and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (C.W.S., E.B.T.), National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Research Programs, Rockville, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Michael H Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit (C.W.S., J.S.P., M.H.B.) and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (C.W.S., E.B.T.), National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Intramural Research Programs, Rockville, Maryland (K.C.R.)
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Dame K, Ribeiro AJ. Microengineered systems with iPSC-derived cardiac and hepatic cells to evaluate drug adverse effects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:317-331. [PMID: 32938227 PMCID: PMC7859673 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220959598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic and cardiac drug adverse effects are among the leading causes of attrition in drug development programs, in part due to predictive failures of current animal or in vitro models. Hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold promise for predicting clinical drug effects, given their human-specific properties and their ability to harbor genetically determined characteristics that underlie inter-individual variations in drug response. Currently, the fetal-like properties and heterogeneity of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes differentiated from iPSCs make them physiologically different from their counterparts isolated from primary tissues and limit their use for predicting clinical drug effects. To address this hurdle, there have been ongoing advances in differentiation and maturation protocols to improve the quality and use of iPSC-differentiated lineages. Among these are in vitro hepatic and cardiac cellular microsystems that can further enhance the physiology of cultured cells, can be used to better predict drug adverse effects, and investigate drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics to facilitate successful drug development. In this article, we discuss how cellular microsystems can establish microenvironments for these applications and propose how they could be used for potentially controlling the differentiation of hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes. The physiological relevance of cells is enhanced in cellular microsystems by simulating properties of tissue microenvironments, such as structural dimensionality, media flow, microfluidic control of media composition, and co-cultures with interacting cell types. Recent studies demonstrated that these properties also affect iPSC differentiations and we further elaborate on how they could control differentiation efficiency in microengineered devices. In summary, we describe recent advances in the field of cellular microsystems that can control the differentiation and maturation of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes for drug evaluation. We also propose how future research with iPSCs within engineered microenvironments could enable their differentiation for scalable evaluations of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Dame
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Alexandre Js Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Costa VM, Capela JP, Sousa JR, Eleutério RP, Rodrigues PRS, Dores-Sousa JL, Carvalho RA, Lourdes Bastos M, Duarte JA, Remião F, Almeida MG, Varner KJ, Carvalho F. Mitoxantrone impairs proteasome activity and prompts early energetic and proteomic changes in HL-1 cardiomyocytes at clinically relevant concentrations. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4067-4084. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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112
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Zadorozhnii PV, Kiselev VV, Kharchenko AV. In silico toxicity evaluation of Salubrinal and its analogues. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105538. [PMID: 32889087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a comprehensive in silico toxicity assessment of Salubrinal and its analogues containing a cinnamic acid residue or quinoline ring using the online servers admetSAR, ADMETlab, ProTox, ADVERPred, Pred-hERG and Vienna LiverTox. Apart from rare exceptions, in all 55 studied structures, mild or practical absence of acute toxicity was predicted for rats (III or IV toxicity class). Cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects were predicted for Salubrinal and its analogues. We constructed models of the main predicted anti-targets hERG, BSEP, MRP3, MRP4 and AhR using the principle of homologous modeling. Molecular docking studies were carried out with the obtained models. We carried out molecular docking for all targets using AutoDock Vina, implemented in the PyRx 0.8 software package. According to the results of molecular docking, the compounds analyzed are potential moderate or weak hERG blockers. Induction of cholestasis and, as a consequence, liver damage by these drugs, directly related to inhibition of BSEP, MRP3 and MRP4, most likely will not be observed. Interaction with AhR for the studied compounds is impossible for steric reasons and, as a consequence, toxic effects on the immune and other organ systems associated with the activation of the AhR signaling pathway are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo V Zadorozhnii
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine.
| | - Vadym V Kiselev
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr V Kharchenko
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
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113
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Miller JM, Meki MH, Ou Q, George SA, Gams A, Abouleisa RRE, Tang XL, Ahern BM, Giridharan GA, El-Baz A, Hill BG, Satin J, Conklin DJ, Moslehi J, Bolli R, Ribeiro AJS, Efimov IR, Mohamed TMA. Heart slice culture system reliably demonstrates clinical drug-related cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115213. [PMID: 32877659 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of human heart tissue and its complex cell composition are major limiting factors for the reliable testing of drug efficacy and toxicity. Recently, we developed functional human and pig heart slice biomimetic culture systems that preserve the viability and functionality of 300 μm heart slices for up to 6 days. Here, we tested the reliability of this culture system for testing the cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. We tested three anti-cancer drugs (doxorubicin, trastuzumab, and sunitinib) with known different mechanisms of cardiotoxicity at three concentrations and assessed the effect of these drugs on heart slice viability, structure, function and gene expression. Slices incubated with any of these drugs for 48 h showed diminished in viability as well as loss of cardiomyocyte structure and function. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing of doxorubicin-treated tissues demonstrated a significant downregulation of cardiac genes and upregulation of oxidative stress responses. Trastuzumab treatment downregulated cardiac muscle contraction-related genes consistent with its clinically known effect on cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, sunitinib treatment resulted in significant downregulation of angiogenesis-related genes, in line with its mechanism of action. Similar to hiPS-derived-cardiomyocytes, heart slices recapitulated the expected toxicity of doxorubicin and trastuzumab, however, slices were superior in detecting sunitinib cardiotoxicity and mechanism in the clinically relevant concentration range of 0.1-1 μM. These results indicate that heart slice culture models have the potential to become a reliable platform for testing and elucidating mechanisms of drug cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Moustafa H Meki
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sharon A George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Riham R E Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brooke M Ahern
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Satin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Kou S, De Cunto C, Baujat G, Wentworth KL, Grogan DR, Brown MA, Di Rocco M, Keen R, Al Mukaddam M, le Quan Sang KH, Masharani U, Kaplan FS, Pignolo RJ, Hsiao EC. Patients with ACVR1 R206H mutations have an increased prevalence of cardiac conduction abnormalities on electrocardiogram in a natural history study of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:193. [PMID: 32727600 PMCID: PMC7389682 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic contributors to cardiac arrhythmias are often found in cardiovascular conduction pathways and ion channel proteins. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare disease of massive heterotopic ossification caused by a highly recurrent R206H mutation in ACVR1/ALK2. This mutation causes abnormal activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway in response to Activin A. Prior studies suggested increased risks of cardiopulmonary complications in FOP. We examined participants in a Natural History Study (NHS) of FOP (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02322255) to better understand their cardiovascular status. Methods The NHS is an ongoing 3 year international multi-center longitudinal study of 114 patients (ages 4–56 years) with genetically confirmed ACVR1/ALK2R206H FOP. Patients were clinically assessed at baseline and 12 months. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed in a central ECG laboratory. Conduction abnormalities were compared against clinical data collected in the NHS, and echocardiograms collected from NHS and non-NHS patients. Results Conduction abnormalities were present in 45.3% of baseline ECGs, with the majority of abnormalities classified as nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (37.7%). More specifically, 22.2% of patients > 18 years old had conduction abnormalities, which was significantly higher than a prior published study of a healthy population (5.9%; n = 3978) (p < 0.00001). Patients with FOP < 18 years old also had a high prevalence of conduction abnormalities (62.3%). The 12-month follow up data was similar to baseline results. Conduction abnormalities did not correlate with chest wall deformities, scoliosis, pulmonary function test results, or increased Cumulative Analog Joint Involvement Scale scores. Echocardiograms from 22 patients with FOP revealed 8 with structural cardiac abnormalities, only 1 of which correlated with a conduction abnormality. Conclusions We found that patients with FOP may have subclinical conduction abnormalities manifesting on ECG, independent of heterotopic ossification. Although clinically significant heart disease is not typically associated with FOP, and the clinical implications for cardiovascular risk remain unclear, knowledge about ECG and echocardiogram changes is important for clinical care and research trials in patients with FOP. Further studies on how ACVR1/ALK2R206H affects cardiac health will help elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the UCSF Metabolic Bone Clinic, University of California- San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Carmen De Cunto
- Pediatric Rheumatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Department de Genetique Institut IMAGINE and Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Kelly L Wentworth
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the UCSF Metabolic Bone Clinic, University of California- San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna R Grogan
- Clementia Pharmaceuticals, an Ipsen Company, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, England
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Richard Keen
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Mona Al Mukaddam
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and The Center of Research for FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim-Hanh le Quan Sang
- Department de Genetique Institut IMAGINE and Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Umesh Masharani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the UCSF Metabolic Bone Clinic, University of California- San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and The Center of Research for FOP & Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Edward C Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the UCSF Metabolic Bone Clinic, University of California- San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSE901G, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA. .,The Institute for Human Genetics and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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115
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Ramadan M, Cooper B, Posnack NG. Bisphenols and phthalates: Plastic chemical exposures can contribute to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1362-1385. [PMID: 32691967 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenols are high production volume chemicals that are used in the manufacturing of consumer and medical products. Given the ubiquity of bisphenol and phthalate chemicals in the environment, biomonitoring studies routinely detect these chemicals in 75-90% of the general population. Accumulating evidence suggests that such chemical exposures may influence human health outcomes, including cardiovascular health. These associations are particularly worrisome for sensitive populations, including fetal, infant and pediatric groups-with underdeveloped metabolic capabilities and developing organ systems. In the presented article, we aimed to review the literature on environmental and clinical exposures to bisphenols and phthalates, highlight experimental work that suggests that these chemicals may exert a negative influence on cardiovascular health, and emphasize areas of concern that relate to vulnerable pediatric groups. Gaps in our current knowledge are also discussed, so that future endeavors may resolve the relationship between chemical exposures and the impact on pediatric cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Blake Cooper
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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116
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Mamoshina P, Bueno-Orovio A, Rodriguez B. Dual Transcriptomic and Molecular Machine Learning Predicts all Major Clinical Forms of Drug Cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:639. [PMID: 32508633 PMCID: PMC7253645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational methods can increase productivity of drug discovery pipelines, through overcoming challenges such as cardiotoxicity identification. We demonstrate prediction and preservation of cardiotoxic relationships for six drug-induced cardiotoxicity types using a machine learning approach on a large collected and curated dataset of transcriptional and molecular profiles (1,131 drugs, 35% with known cardiotoxicities, and 9,933 samples). The algorithm generality is demonstrated through validation in an independent drug dataset, in addition to cross-validation. The best prediction attains an average accuracy of 79% in area under the curve (AUC) for safe versus risky drugs, across all six cardiotoxicity types on validation and 66% on the unseen set of drugs. Individual cardiotoxicities for specific drug types are also predicted with high accuracy, including cardiac disorder signs and symptoms for a previously unseen set of anti-inflammatory agents (AUC = 80%) and heart failures for an unseen set of anti-neoplastic agents (AUC = 76%). Besides, independent testing on transcriptional data from the Drug Toxicity Signature Generation Center (DToxS) produces similar results in terms of accuracy and shows an average AUC of 72% for previously seen drugs and 60% for unseen respectively. Given the ubiquitous manifestation of multiple drug adverse effects in every human organ, the methodology is expected to be applicable to additional tissue-specific side effects beyond cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Mamoshina
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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117
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A Comparative Study of Rat Urine 1H-NMR Metabolome Changes Presumably Arising from Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Necrosis Versus Clarithromycin-Induced QT Interval Prolongation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050098. [PMID: 32414184 PMCID: PMC7284797 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity remains a challenging concern both in drug development and in the management of various clinical situations. There are a lot of examples of drugs withdrawn from the market or stopped during clinical trials due to unpredicted cardiac adverse events. Obviously, current conventional methods for cardiotoxicity assessment suffer from a lack of predictivity and sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for developing new tools to better identify and characterize any cardiotoxicity that can occur during the pre-clinical and clinical phases of drug development as well as after marketing in exposed patients. In this study, isoproterenol and clarithromycin were used as prototypical cardiotoxic agents in rats in order to evaluate potential biomarkers of heart toxicity at very early stages using 1H-NMR-based metabonomics. While isoproterenol is known to cause heart necrosis, clarithromycin may induce QT interval prolongation. Heart necrosis and QT prolongation were validated by histological analysis, serum measurement of lactate dehydrogenase/creatine phosphate kinase and QTc measurement by electrocardiogram (ECG). Urine samples were collected before and repeatedly during daily exposure to the drugs for 1H-NMR based-metabonomics investigations. Specific metabolic signatures, characteristic of each tested drug, were obtained from which potential predictive biomarkers for drug-induced heart necrosis and drug-induced QT prolongation were retrieved. Isoproterenol-induced heart necrosis was characterized by higher levels of taurine, creatine, glucose and by lower levels of Krebs cycle intermediates, creatinine, betaine/trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine (DMA)/sarcosine. Clarithromycin-induced QT prolongation was characterized by higher levels of creatinine, taurine, betaine/TMAO and DMA/sarcosine and by lower levels of Krebs cycle intermediates, glucose and hippurate.
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118
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Koracevic G, Micic S, Stojanovic M, Tomasevic M, Kostic T, Velickovic Radovanovic R, Lovic D, Djordjevic D, Randjelovic M, Koracevic M, Ristic Z. Beta blocker rebound phenomenon is important, but we do not know its definition, incidence or optimal prevention strategies. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:591-596. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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119
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Synthetic cathinones – From natural plant stimulant to new drug of abuse. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 875:173012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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120
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A Review on Worldwide Ephedra History and Story: From Fossils to Natural Products Mass Spectroscopy Characterization and Biopharmacotherapy Potential. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1540638. [PMID: 32419789 PMCID: PMC7210547 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1540638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing worldwide, the genus Ephedra (family Ephedraceae) had a medicinal, ecological, and economic value. The extraordinary morphological diversity suggests that Ephedra was survivor of an ancient group, and its antiquity is also supported by fossil data. It has recently been suggested that Ephedra appeared 8–32 million years ago, and a few megafossils document its presence in the Early Cretaceous. Recently, the high analytical power provided by the new mass spectrometry (MS) instruments is making the characterization of Ephedra metabolites more feasible, such as ephedrine series. In this regard, the chemical compounds isolated from crude extracts, fractions, and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species were characterized by MS-based techniques (LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS, HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS, LC-DAD-ESI/MSn, LC/Orbitrap MS, etc.). Moreover, we carry out an exhaustive review of the scientific literature on biomedicine and pharmacotherapy (anticancer, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiarthritic, and anti-influenza activities; proapoptotic and cytotoxic potential; and so on). Equally, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were discussed. This review is focused on all these topics, along with current studies published in the last 5 years (2015–2019) providing in-depth information for readers.
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121
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Tian X, Gao J, Liu M, Lei Y, Wang F, Chen J, Chu P, Gao J, Long F, Liang M, Long X, Chu H, Liu C, Li X, Sun Q, Li G, Yang Y. Small-Molecule Antagonist Targeting Exportin-1 via Rational Structure-Based Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3881-3895. [PMID: 32223194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exportin-1 (also named as CRM1) plays a prominent role in autoimmune disorders and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for colitis. Here we report on the rational structure-based discovery of a small-molecule antagonist of exportin-1, LFS-829, with low-range nanomolar activities. The co-crystallographic structure, surface plasmon resonance binding assay, and cell-based phenotypic nuclear export functional assay validated that exportin-1 is a key target of LFS-829. Moreover, we demonstrated that the C528S mutation or the knockdown on exportin-1 can abolish the cellular activities of LFS-829. Strikingly, oral administration of LFS-829 can significantly reverse the pathological features of colitis model mice. We revealed that LFS-829 can attenuate dual NF-κB signaling and the Nrf2 cytoprotection pathway via targeting exportin-1 in colitis mice. Moreover, LFS-829 has a very low risk of cardiotoxicity and acute toxicity. Therefore, LFS-829 holds great promise for the treatment of colitis and may warrant translation for use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Tian
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meishuo Liu
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiujiao Gao
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feida Long
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Minzhi Liang
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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122
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Salimi A, Bahreini F, Jamali Z, Pourahmad J. Mesalazine Induces Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome c Release in Isolated Rat Heart Mitochondria: An Analysis of Cardiotoxic Effects. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:241-247. [PMID: 32308077 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820918163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesalazine is widely used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies reported that mesalazine-induced cardiotoxicity is a rare, potentially fatal complication. Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis. Deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mesalazine on rat heart mitochondria. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated by mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation. Parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Results revealed that mesalazine induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, inhibition of SDH, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release in rat heart mitochondria. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of mesalazine are most likely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in cytochrome c release signaling and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farnaz Bahreini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chandrasekaran B, Samarneh S, Jaber AMY, Kassab G, Agrawal N. Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2741-2771. [PMID: 31333084 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease. METHODS This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically. RESULTS This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Samarneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdul Muttaleb Yousef Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadir Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box: 4000, Westville, Durban, South Africa
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Elbaser IIA, El Aleem El Derie AA. Does Inhaled Milrinone Facilitate Weaning From Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children with Congenital Heart Diseases Complicated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2020; 48:127-133. [PMID: 32259144 PMCID: PMC7101185 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2019.91145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled milrinone in controlling pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in paediatric cardiac surgery and its effect on weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods A total of 40 patients with congenital heart diseases complicated by PAH submitted to cardiac surgery requiring CPB were included in the present study and were randomly classified into the control group (n=20) who received intravenous milrinone 0.5 μg kg−1 min−1 and the inhaled group (n=20) who received inhaled milrinone 50 μg kg−1 before initiation and just before weaning off CPB. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), MAP/mPAP ratio, vasoactive drug requirements and time needed to wean the patients from CPB were collected. Results mPAP and HR were significantly lower, and MAP and MAP/mPAP ratio were significantly higher in the inhaled group than in the control group. Vasoactive drug requirements were significantly lesser, and the time needed to wean the patients was significantly shorter in the inhaled group than in the control group. Conclusion Milrinone inhalation facilitated the weaning from CPB as it significantly reduced mPAP and maintained MAP with subsequently less needs for vasoactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ibrahim Abd Elbaser
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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125
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Lin L, Wan L, He H, Liu W. Drug vector representation: a tool for drug similarity analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1055-1062. [PMID: 32222838 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
DrugMatrix is a valuable toxicogenomic dataset, which provides in vivo transcriptome data corresponding to hundreds of chemical drugs. However, the relationships between drugs and how those drugs affect the biological process are still unknown. The high dimensionality of the microarray data hinders its application. The aims of this study are to (1) represent the transcriptome data by lower-dimensional vectors, (2) compare drug similarity, (3) represent drug combinations by adding vectors and (4) infer drug mechanism of action (MoA) and genotoxicity features. We borrowed the latent semantic analysis (LSA) technique from natural language processing to represent treatments (drugs with multiple concentrations and time points) by dense vectors, each dimension of which is an orthogonal biological feature. The gProfiler enrichment tool was used for the 100-dimensional vector feature annotation. The similarity between treatments vectors was calculated by the cosine function. Adding vectors may represent drug combinations, treatment times or treatment doses that are not presented in the original data. Drug-drug interaction pairs had a higher similarity than random drug pairs in the hepatocyte data. The vector features helped to reveal the MoA. Differential feature expression was also implicated for genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. An easy-to-use Web tool was developed by Shiny Web application framework for the exploration of treatment similarities and drug combinations (https://bioinformatics.fafu.edu.cn/drugmatrix/). We represented treatments by vectors and provided a tool that is useful for hypothesis generation in toxicogenomic, such as drug similarity, drug repurposing, combination therapy and MoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoyao Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqin He
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Sabet NS, Atashbar S, Khanlou EM, Kahrizi F, Salimi A. Curcumin attenuates bevacizumab-induced toxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in heart mitochondria. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1447-1457. [PMID: 32172286 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure was subsequently noted in 2-4% of patients on bevacizumab (BEV). Whereas mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis, deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte cell death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of our study is to search the effects of BEV on isolated rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, and survey the effect of curcumin as a mitochondrial protective and cardioprotective agent. Rat heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult rat heart ventricular. By using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations, the parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation (LP), and cellular assays such as cytotoxicity and MMP collapse were evaluated. Results revealed that BEV (up to 50 μg/ml) induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, LP, and inhibition of SDH in rat heart mitochondria. Our results showed that curcumin (10-100 μM) significantly ameliorated BEV-induced mitochondrial toxicities. Also, our results in cellular assays confirmed amelioration effect of curcumin against BEV toxicity. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of BEV are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation, which finally ends in MMP collapse and mitochondrial swelling as the "point of no return" in the cascade of events leading to apoptosis. Also, results of this study suggest that probably the combination therapy of BEV and curcumin could decrease mitochondrial effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shokouhi Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Mohammad Khanlou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzad Kahrizi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damghan Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran.
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Ni J, Wang H, Wei X, Shen K, Sha Y, Dong Y, Shu Y, Wan X, Cheng J, Wang F, Liu Y. Isoniazid causes heart looping disorder in zebrafish embryos by the induction of oxidative stress. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:22. [PMID: 32178728 PMCID: PMC7076990 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiotoxicity of isoniazid on zebrafish embryos and its underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos at 4 h post-fertilization to different levels of isoniazid and recorded the morphology and number of malformed and dead embryos under the microscope. RESULTS The high concentration of isoniazid group showed more malformed and dead embryos than the low concentration of isoniazid group and control group. The morphology of the heart and its alteration were visualized using transgenic zebrafish (cmlc2: GFP) and confirmed by in situ hybridization. The negative effects of isoniazid on the developing heart were characterized by lower heart rate and more heart looping disorders. Mechanistically, PCR showed decreased expression of heart-specific transcription factors when exposed to isoniazid. Oxidative stress was induced by isoniazid in cardiomyocytes, mediated by decreased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, which were rescued by scavengers of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrated that isoniazid led to heart looping disturbance by the downregulation of cardiac-specific transcription factors and induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongye Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangjie Shen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqin Sha
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimei Shu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Wan
- Clinical School of Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Cheng
- The Medical School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Ebrahimi A, Raichlen JS, Pointon A, Gottfridsson C, Munley J, Hockings P, Cartwright J, Buss N, Wikström J, Gan LM, Whittaker A, Khalil A, George RT, Garkaviy P, Brott D. Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction - recommendations for assessment in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:281-294. [PMID: 32064957 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1731471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction is an important safety concern during drug development. Oncology compounds can cause myocardial dysfunction, leading to decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure via several mechanisms. Cardiovascular imaging has a major role in the early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography is the method of choice because of its widespread availability, low cost, and absence of radiation exposure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide better reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy in the detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction. In addition, it enables assessment of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and necrosis. Cardiac serologic biomarkers such as troponins and B-type natriuretic peptides are used in combination with imaging during drug development. This article provides a general overview of each imaging modality and practical guidance for early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity.Areas covered: Cardiovascular imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers for monitoring of cardiac function and early detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction in drug development.Expert opinion: Some new drugs especially in the oncology field, can cause myocardial dysfunction. Depending on the strength of pre-clinical or clinical data, CV imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the early detection and mitigation plans for such drugs during their development.
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Nishimura M, Bhatia H, Ma J, Dickson SD, Alshawabkeh L, Adler E, Maisel A, Criqui MH, Greenberg B, Thomas IC. The Impact of Substance Abuse on Heart Failure Hospitalizations. Am J Med 2020; 133:207-213.e1. [PMID: 31369724 PMCID: PMC6980459 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of substance abuse among patients with heart failure and its association with subsequent emergency department visits and hospital admissions are poorly characterized. METHODS We evaluated the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of heart failure treated at the University of California-San Diego from 2005 to 2016. We identified substance abuse via diagnosis codes or urine drug screens. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of substance abuse for emergency department visits or hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of heart failure, adjusted for age, sex, race, medical insurance status, and medical diagnoses. RESULTS We identified 11,268 patients with heart failure and 15,909 hospital encounters for heart failure over 49,712 person-years of follow-up. Substance abuse was diagnosed in 15.2% of patients. Disorders such as methamphetamine abuse (prevalence 5.2%, IRR 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-2.07), opioid use and abuse (8.2%, IRR 1.54, 95% CI 1.47-1.61), and alcohol abuse (4.5%, IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42-1.60) were associated with a greater number of hospital encounters for heart failure, with associations that were comparable to diagnoses such as atrial fibrillation (37%, IRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.73-1.84), ischemic heart disease (24%, IRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.62-1.73), and chronic kidney disease (26%, IRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.51-1.62). CONCLUSIONS Although less prevalent than common medical comorbidities in patients with heart failure, substance-abuse disorders are significant sources of morbidity that are independently associated with emergency department visits and hospitalizations for heart failure. Greater recognition and treatment of substance abuse may improve outcomes among patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Nishimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Harpreet Bhatia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Janet Ma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Stephen D Dickson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Laith Alshawabkeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Eric Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Alan Maisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Michael H Criqui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Isac C Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
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130
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Wang Y, Huang L, Jiang S, Wang Y, Zou J, Fu H, Yang S. Capsule Networks Showed Excellent Performance in the Classification of hERG Blockers/Nonblockers. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1631. [PMID: 32063849 PMCID: PMC6997788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsule networks (CapsNets), a new class of deep neural network architectures proposed recently by Hinton et al., have shown a great performance in many fields, particularly in image recognition and natural language processing. However, CapsNets have not yet been applied to drug discovery-related studies. As the first attempt, we in this investigation adopted CapsNets to develop classification models of hERG blockers/nonblockers; drugs with hERG blockade activity are thought to have a potential risk of cardiotoxicity. Two capsule network architectures were established: convolution-capsule network (Conv-CapsNet) and restricted Boltzmann machine-capsule networks (RBM-CapsNet), in which convolution and a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) were used as feature extractors, respectively. Two prediction models of hERG blockers/nonblockers were then developed by Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet with the Doddareddy's training set composed of 2,389 compounds. The established models showed excellent performance in an independent test set comprising 255 compounds, with prediction accuracies of 91.8 and 92.2% for Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet models, respectively. Various comparisons were also made between our models and those developed by other machine learning methods including deep belief network (DBN), convolutional neural network (CNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), logistic regression (LR), and LightGBM, and with different training sets. All the results showed that the models by Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet are among the best classification models. Overall, the excellent performance of capsule networks achieved in this investigation highlights their potential in drug discovery-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Basic Teaching Department, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongguang Fu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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A comparative study of the effect of drug hydrophobicity on nanoparticle drug delivery in vivo using two photosensitizers. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102151. [PMID: 31927135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of drug hydrophobicity on nanoparticle delivery in vivo, we conducted a comparative study using different photosensitizer-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and pheophorbide a (Pba) with similar structure but different hydrophobicity were loaded into PLGA-NPs separately. We observed release profiles and photodynamic effects in vitro from the resulting Ce6- and Pba-PLGA-NPs. After intravenous injection into SCC7 tumor-bearing mice, biodistribution and accumulation of two drugs in tumor tissue were observed by real-time fluorescence imaging. Finally, in vivo photodynamic therapy with Ce6- and Pba-PLGA-NPs provided different therapeutic results according to imaging data. The results demonstrated that drug hydrophobicity is an important factor in nanoparticle drug delivery and should be considered for efficient drug delivery in vivo.
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132
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Mishra K, Loeb A, Bukavina L, Baumgarten A, Beilan J, Mendez M, DiGiorgio L, Fu L, Carrion R. Management of Priapism: A Contemporary Review. Sex Med Rev 2020; 8:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gonçalves JL, Alves VL, Aguiar J, Teixeira HM, Câmara JS. Synthetic cathinones: an evolving class of new psychoactive substances. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:549-566. [PMID: 31747318 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1679087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones (SCat) are amphetamine-like psychostimulants that emerged onto drug markets as "legal" alternatives to illicit drugs such as ecstasy, cocaine, and amphetamines. Usually they are sold as "bath salts," "plant food," or "research chemicals," and rapidly gained popularity amongst drugs users due to their potency, low cost, and availability. In addition, internet drug sales have been replacing the old way of supplying drugs of abuse, contributing to their rapid spread. Despite the legislative efforts to control SCat, new derivatives continue to emerge on the recreational drugs market and their abuse still represents a serious public health issue. To date, about 150 SCat have been identified on the clandestine drugs market, which are one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) monitored by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Similar to the classical stimulants, SCat affect the levels of catecholamines in the central nervous system, which results in their psychological, behavioral and toxic effects. Generally, the effects of SCat greatly differ from drug to drug and relatively little information is available about their pharmacology. The present work provides a review on the development of SCat as substances of abuse, current patterns of abuse and their legal status, chemical classification, known mechanisms of action, and their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Gonçalves
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Vera L Alves
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Joselin Aguiar
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena M Teixeira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, IP, Delegação Centro, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
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134
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Xue S, Hu X, Zhu L, Nie L, Li G. Protective functions of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in H 2O 2-injured vascular endothelial cells through anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis effects. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:207-214. [PMID: 31632668 PMCID: PMC6792333 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell injury in the cardiovascular endothelia caused by oxidative stress is among the major inducers of endothelium dysfunction and serves an important role in initiating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, protecting and improving the normal function of endothelial cells are considered key measures against CVDs. As a traditional Chinese medicinal component, Lycium barbarum is regarded to have high medicinal value. The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) on injured rat artery endothelial cells, to demonstrate the experimental and medicinal values of LBPs. In the present study, the aortic endothelial cells of rats were cultivated and randomly divided into five groups: A control group, H2O2-injured group (H2O2 group), H2O2+LBPs (110 µg/ml) group (low-dose group, LT), H2O2+LBPs (220 µg/ml) group (medium-dose group, MT) and H2O2+LBPs (440 µg/ml) group (high-dose group, HT). Among these, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by colorimetry. Additionally, the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected by western blotting. It was observed that SOD activity and NO content decreased while MDA content increased significantly in the H2O2 group (P<0.05 vs. control); that SOD activity in the MT and HT group, and NO content in all three LBP groups were increased, while MDA content in the three LBP groups was decreased, compared with the H2O2 group (all P<0.05); that Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly in the H2O2 group while the expression of Bax increased significantly compared with the control group (both P<0.05); and that Bcl-2 expression in all three LBP groups increased, while Bax expression in the MT and HT groups decreased compared with the H2O2 group (all P<0.05), with these altered Bax levels being statistically similar to those in the control group (P>0.05). On light microscopy, the cells in the control group exhibited spindle-shaped morphology, consistent sizes, defined boundaries, and distinct nuclei of equivalent sizes with round or oval morphology. Additionally, the chromatin in the nuclei was evenly distributed, and all cells were adhered in a paving-stone arrangement. Notably, only few cells died. Conversely, the cells in the H2O2 group exhibited signs of damage and enlarged gaps, and focal cells died. In the HT group, the cells once again appeared adherent and exhibited similar morphological status to the normal cells. Overall, these results indicate that LBPs serve a protective role in oxidative-injured vascular endothelial cells through anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xue
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Nie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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135
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Verri P, Rustichelli C, Ferrari A, Marchesi F, Baraldi C, Licata M, Vandelli D, Palazzoli F, Potì F, Silingardi E. Seizures of illicit substances for personal use in two Italian provinces: analysis of trends by type and purity from 2008 to 2017. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019; 14:41. [PMID: 31533834 PMCID: PMC6751801 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of illicit substances represents one of the most difficult problems to confront in the health system. Drug use is a global problem but is not uniform throughout the world, within the same country and changes over time. Therefore, knowing the illicit substances that are used in a territory is essential to better organize health services in that specific geographical area. To this aim, we analysed 4200 samples confiscated from individuals who held them for personal use by police forces in the Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia from 2008 to 2017. METHODS The suspected samples were screened by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); all samples were subsequently analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for quantitative analyses. RESULTS Cannabis was the most seized illicit substance (70.7%). Over the study period, the number of seizures of herb with a high content of Δ9-THC increased. The number of cocaine seizures remained stable (total 16.1%), but the median purity of seized cocaine increased to 75% in 2017. Heroin seizures decreased over time, but the median purity of seized heroin reached 16.8% in 2017. In almost all the years, heroin samples with a purity exceeding the 97.5 percentile were found. Especially from 2014, the range of seized substances increased and started to include synthetic cathinones, phenylethylamines, UR-144, LSD, psilocybe, prescription opioid and hypnotics. In two cases, tramadol together with tropicamide was seized. Most of the seizures involved male subjects and 82% of the seizures were from individuals younger than 35 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of old illicit drugs and the rapid emergence of new psychoactive substances represented a serious challenge for public health in the studied Italian area. Some useful interventions might be: informing mainly young people about the possible complications of cannabis use; implementing standardized procedures to diagnose and treat cocaine-related emergencies in hospitals; increasing the distribution of naloxone to antagonize possible heroin overdoses; equipping laboratories to be able to identify the new psychoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Verri
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Rustichelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi, 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Unit of Medical Toxicology, Headache Centre and Drug Abuse; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Marchesi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Baraldi
- School of Medical Toxicology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Licata
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Vandelli
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Palazzoli
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39F, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Silingardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
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136
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Cardiotoxicity screening of illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:102-112. [PMID: 31526813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances (NPS), is paralleled by emergency department visits of drug users with severe cardiotoxicity. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity can be the (secondary) result of increased norepinephrine blood concentrations, but data on potential drug-induced direct effects on cardiomyocyte function are scarce. The presence of hundreds of NPS therefore calls for efficient screening models to assess direct cardiotoxicity. We investigated effects of four reference compounds (3-30 nM dofetilide, nifedipine and isoproterenol, and 1-10 μM mexiletine) and six recreational drugs (0.01-100 μM cocaine, 0.01-1000 μM amphetamine, MDMA, 4-fluoroamphetamine, α-PVP and MDPV) on cardiomyocyte function (beat rate, spike amplitude and field potential duration (FPD ≈ QT interval in ECGs)), using Pluricyte® human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes cultured on ready-to-use CardioPlate™ multi-well microelectrode arrays (mwMEAs). Moreover, the effects of exposure to recreational drugs on cell viability were assessed. Effects of reference compounds were in accordance with the literature, indicating the presence of hERG potassium (dofetilide), sodium (mexiletine) and calcium (nifedipine) channels and α-adrenergic receptors (isoproterenol). All recreational drugs decreased the spike amplitude at 10-100 μM. All amphetamine-type stimulants and α-PVP decreased the beat rate at 300 μM, while cocaine and MDPV did so at 10 μM and 30 μM, respectively. All drugs increased the FPD, however at varying concentrations. MDMA, MDPV and amphetamine affected cardiomyocyte function at concentrations relevant for human exposure, while other drugs affected cardiomyocyte function only at higher concentrations (≥ 10 μM). Cell viability was only mildly affected at concentrations well above the lowest concentrations affecting cardiomyocyte function. We demonstrate that MEA recordings of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes enable screening for acute, direct effects on cardiomyocyte function. Our data further indicate that tachycardia in patients exposed to recreational drugs is likely due to indirect drug effects, while prolonged repolarization periods (prolonged QTc interval) could (partly) result from direct drug effects on cardiomyocyte function.
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137
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Lee HA, Kwon M, Kim HA, Kim KS. Antitumor profiles and cardiac electrophysiological effects of aurora kinase inhibitor ZM447439. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:393-402. [PMID: 31496876 PMCID: PMC6717794 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.5.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases inhibitors, including ZM447439 (ZM), which suppress cell division, have attracted a great deal of attention as potential novel anti-cancer drugs. Several recent studies have confirmed the anti-cancer effects of ZM in various cancer cell lines. However, there have been no studies regarding the cardiac safety of this agent. We performed several cytotoxicity, invasion and migration assays to examine the anti-cancer effects of ZM. To evaluate the potential effects of ZM on cardiac repolarisation, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were performed with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and cells with heterogeneous cardiac ion channel expression. We also conducted a contractility assay with rat ventricular myocytes to determine the effects of ZM on myocardial contraction and/or relaxation. In tests to determine in vitro efficacy, ZM inhibited the proliferation of A549, H1299 (lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (hepatoma) cell lines with IC50 in the submicromolar range, and attenuated the invasive and metastatic capacity of A549 cells. In cardiac toxicity testing, ZM did not significantly affect INa, IKs or IK1, but decreased IhERG in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 6.53 µM). In action potential (AP) assay using hiPSC-CMs, ZM did not induce any changes in AP parameters up to 3 µM, but it at 10 µM induced prolongation of AP duration. In summary, ZM showed potent broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity, but relatively low levels of cardiac side effects compared to the effective doses to tumor. Therefore, ZM has a potential to be a candidate as an anti-cancer with low cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Ae Lee
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Miso Kwon
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.,Fertility Center, CHA Bunding Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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138
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Qasim M, Haq F, Kang MH, Kim JH. 3D printing approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and role of immune modulation in tissue regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1311-1333. [PMID: 30863063 PMCID: PMC6388753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tissue engineering, cell therapy, and current medical approaches were shown to be successful in reducing mortality rate and complications caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). But still they have many limitations to fully manage CVDs due to complex composition of native myocardium and microvascularization. Fabrication of fully functional construct to replace infarcted area or regeneration of progenitor cells is important to address CVDs burden. Three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and 3D bioprinting technique have potential to develop fully functional heart construct that can integrate with native tissues rapidly. In this review, we presented an overview of 3D printed approaches for cardiac tissue engineering, and advances in 3D bioprinting of cardiac construct and models. We also discussed role of immune modulation to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
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139
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Colizzi M, Bhattacharyya S. Cannabis use and the development of tolerance: a systematic review of human evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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140
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Ruben MD, Wu G, Smith DF, Schmidt RE, Francey LJ, Lee YY, Anafi RC, Hogenesch JB. A database of tissue-specific rhythmically expressed human genes has potential applications in circadian medicine. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/458/eaat8806. [PMID: 30209245 PMCID: PMC8961342 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat8806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that half of the mammalian protein-coding genome is regulated by the circadian clock has clear implications for medicine. Recent studies demonstrated that the circadian clock influences therapeutic outcomes in human heart disease and cancer. However, biological time is rarely given clinical consideration. A key barrier is the absence of information on tissue-specific molecular rhythms in the human body. We have applied the cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS) algorithm, designed to reconstruct sample temporal order in the absence of time-of-day information, to the gene expression collection of 13 tissues from 632 human donors. We identified rhythms in gene expression across the body; nearly half of protein-coding genes were shown to be cycling in at least 1 of the 13 tissues analyzed. One thousand of these cycling genes encode proteins that either transport or metabolize drugs or are themselves drug targets. These results provide a useful resource for studying the role of circadian rhythms in medicine and support the idea that biological time might play a role in determining drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David F. Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333, Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert E. Schmidt
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J. Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ron C. Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian, Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Chronobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert, Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Corresponding author.
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141
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Almeida D, Pinho R, Correia V, Soares J, Bastos MDL, Carvalho F, Capela JP, Costa VM. Mitoxantrone is More Toxic than Doxorubicin in SH-SY5Y Human Cells: A 'Chemobrain' In Vitro Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020041. [PMID: 29734752 PMCID: PMC6027466 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential neurotoxic effects of anticancer drugs, like doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX; also used in multiple sclerosis), are presently important reasons for concern, following epidemiological data indicating that cancer survivors submitted to chemotherapy may suffer cognitive deficits. We evaluated the in vitro neurotoxicity of two commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, DOX and MTX, and study their underlying mechanisms in the SH-SY5Y human neuronal cell model. Undifferentiated human SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to DOX or MTX (0.13, 0.2 and 0.5 μM) for 48 h and two cytotoxicity assays were performed, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) reduction and the neutral red (NR) incorporation assays. Phase contrast microphotographs, Hoechst, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide stains were performed. Mitochondrial membrane potential was also assessed. Moreover, putative protective drugs, namely the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; 1 mM) and 100 μM tiron, the inhibitor of caspase-3/7, Ac-DEVD-CHO (100 μM), and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX; 10 nM), were tested to prevent DOX- or MTX-induced toxicity. The MTT reduction assay was also done in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to 0.2 μM DOX or MTX. MTX was more toxic than DOX in both cytotoxicity assays and according to the morphological analyses. MTX also evoked a higher number of apoptotic nuclei than DOX. Both drugs, at the 0.13 μM concentration, caused mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization after a 48-h exposure. Regarding the putative neuroprotectors, 1 mM NAC was not able to prevent the cytotoxicity caused by either drug. Notwithstanding, 100 μM tiron was capable of partially reverting MTX-induced cytotoxicity in the NR uptake assay. One hundred μM Ac-DEVD-CHO and 10 nM cycloheximide (CHX) also partially prevented the toxicity induced by DOX in the NR uptake assay. MTX was more toxic than DOX in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, while MTX had similar toxicity in differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. In fact, MTX was the most neurotoxic drug tested and the mechanisms involved seem dissimilar among drugs. Thus, its toxicity mechanisms need to be further investigated as to determine the putative neurotoxicity for multiple sclerosis and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Almeida
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Pinho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Correia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Soares
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Capela
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- FP-ENAS (Unidade de Investigação UFP em Energia, Ambiente e Saúde), CEBIMED (Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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