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Kuznetsov D, Cazenave AB, Rambach O, Camblin P, Nina M, Leipner J. Foliar application of benzovindiflupyr shows non-fungicidal effects in wheat plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:665-671. [PMID: 28984411 PMCID: PMC5814889 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungicide benzovindiflupyr belongs to the class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Certain SDHIs have shown plant physiological effects, so-called secondary effects, that appeared to be related to the plant water status. Therefore, the effect of benzovindiflupyr on transpiration of leaves and whole wheat plants was studied under controlled conditions. Furthermore, wheat yield trials under controlled and natural drought stress in the field were conducted. RESULTS Transpiration of detached wheat leaves was reduced by benzovindiflupyr in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, whole-plant transpiration decreased for several days following application of this fungicide. In 16 field trials under drought stress conditions that were classified as disease-free, treatment of wheat plants at the flag leaf stage or at heading with benzovindiflupyr showed a grain yield increase (+5.2%; P ≤ 0.01) that was partially attributed to an increased thousand-grain weight. CONCLUSIONS Water saving during pre-anthesis as a result of benzovindiflupyr application may be associated with better seed setting and filling under dry field conditions in wheat. The results of this research provide new insights into secondary effects of SDHIs that lead directly to yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Odile Rambach
- Product BiologySyngenta Crop Protection AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Mafalda Nina
- Biology ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSteinAGSwitzerland
| | - Jörg Leipner
- Biology ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSteinAGSwitzerland
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102
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1332] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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103
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Gagnon MC, Auger M, Paquin JF. Progress in the synthesis of fluorinated phosphatidylcholines for biological applications. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4925-4941. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00991k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated phospholipids have attracted a lot of interest over the past 40 years. While mono- and polyfluorinated analogs are mostly designed to be used as 19F NMR probes, highly fluorinated phospholipids are mainly developed as drug delivery devices and oxygen carriers. This review describes their synthetic pathways, their properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michèle Auger
- PROTEO
- CERMA
- CQMF
- Département de Chimie
- Université Laval
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104
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Ye F, Ma P, Zhai Y, Yang F, Gao S, Zhao LX, Fu Y. Design, microwave-assisted synthesis, bioactivity and SAR of novel substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19883-19893. [PMID: 35540959 PMCID: PMC9080744 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structure–activity relationship and active substructure combination, a novel class of substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives was designed for use as potential herbicide safeners. A microwave-assisted synthetic route was developed for the substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexenone enol ester derivatives via coupling and acylation reactions. In the modified protocol, the reactions were performed under microwave irradiation, resulting in significant improvements in the yields and reaction times. All of the structures were characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectroscopies. The bioassay results demonstrated that most of these compounds could alleviate clethodim injury to maize. Molecular docking modeling showed that the potential antagonism between compound 3(S24) and clethodim plays a key role in the metabolism of herbicides. This paper presents a new safener candidate for maize protection. Based on the structure–activity relationship and active substructure combination, a novel class of substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives was designed for use as potential herbicide safeners.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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105
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Epp JB, Schmitzer PR, Crouse GD. Fifty years of herbicide research: comparing the discovery of trifluralin and halauxifen-methyl. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:9-16. [PMID: 28675627 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years separate the commercialization of the herbicides trifluralin and halauxifen-methyl. Despite the vast degree of technological change that occurred over that time frame, some aspects of their discovery stories are remarkably similar. For example, both herbicides were prepared very early in the iterative discovery process and both were developed from known lead compound structures by hypothesis-driven research efforts without the use of in vitro assays or computer-aided molecular design. However, there are aspects of the halauxifen-methyl and trifluralin discovery stories that are substantially different. For example, the chemical technology required for the cost-effective production of halauxifen-methyl simply did not exist just two decades prior to its commercial launch. By contrast, the chemical technology required for the cost-effective production of trifluralin was reported in the chemical literature more than two decades prior to its commercial launch. In addition, changes in regulatory environment since the early 1960s ensured that their respective discovery to commercial launch stories would also differ in substantial ways. Ultimately, the time and cost required to develop and register halauxifen-methyl demanded a global initial business case while the lower registration hurdles that trifluralin cleared enabled a narrow initial business case mainly focused on the USA. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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107
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Li J, Tang L. Crop recognition under weedy conditions based on 3D imaging for robotic weed control. J FIELD ROBOT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa
| | - Lie Tang
- Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa
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108
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Yao G, Wen Y, Zhao C, Xu H. Novel amino acid ester-chlorantraniliprole conjugates: design, synthesis, phloem accumulation and bioactivity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2131-2137. [PMID: 28432729 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugating amino acid and glucose fragments with existing pesticide structures has been shown to be an effective way to introduce phloem mobility into non-phloem mobile species. However, the resulting derivatives always suffer from lower bioactivity compared with their parent compound. To solve this problem, we designed and synthesised a series of ester-capped amino-acid-conjugated chlorantraniliproles. RESULTS The systemic test showed that all conjugates exhibited excellent phloem mobility and xylem mobility in a Ricinus communis model. In particular, compounds 7b, 8b and 8c were able to accumulate in phloem tissues in the form of their hydrolysis products, and the concentrations in phloem sap can reach 3 times the concentration in the incubation medium. Although their insecticidal activity (LC50 ) against the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) in vitro was weaker than that of chlorantraniliprole, compounds 7b, 8b and 8c showed similar insecticidal activity in vivo against beet armyworm compared with the parent compound. CONCLUSIONS This work provides a potential strategy to obtain pesticide derivatives that possess both improved uptake and improved mobility in crops while retaining the in vivo insecticidal effect of the parent compound. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangkai Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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109
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Johnson TC, Brown AV, Bryan KK, Guenthenspberger KK, Hunter R, Martin TP, Niyaz N, Tisdell GF, Trullinger T. Synthesis and biological potency of anilino-triazine insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2138-2148. [PMID: 28432725 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An insecticide screening effort identified N-(4-bromophenyl)-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2-amine as having weak potency against two lepidopteran species, Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua. A structure-activity relationship study about the trifluoroethoxy substituents and the aniline of this compound was carried out in an effort to improve insecticidal potency. RESULTS Initially, a series of analogs bearing various substituents on the aniline were prepared, and the insecticidal potency was evaluated against H. zea and S. exigua in greenhouse diet feeding assays. The results showed that electron-withdrawing substituents, such as Cl, Br and CF3 , were preferred over electron-donating substituents, such as methoxy, and that potency was significantly better when the substituent was in the para-position. Additional investigations showed that bis(anilino)trifluoroethoxytriazines were more potent. Replacement of the remaining trifluoroethyl group in the bis(anilino)triazine series with an alkyl amine lead to compounds of equal or superior efficacy. CONCLUSION The work presented showed that electron-withdrawing substituents in the para-position of the aniline ring of the initial hit delivered the best levels of insecticidal potency against the two insect species tested. Further investigations showed that potency could be improved by replacing one of the two trifluoroethoxy groups with additional 4-substituted aniline. This level of potency was maintained or further improved when the remaining trifluoroethoxy was replaced with a substituted amine. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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111
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Zhang W. Mesoionic Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone Insecticides: From Discovery to Triflumezopyrim and Dicloromezotiaz. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2381-2388. [PMID: 28825462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest global challenges is to feed the ever-increasing world population. The agrochemical tools growers currently utilize are also under continuous pressure, due to a number of factors that contribute to the loss of existing products. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones are an unusual yet very intriguing class of compounds. Known for several decades, this class of compounds had not been systemically studied until we started our insecticide discovery program. This Account provides an overview of the efforts on mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyridinone insecticide discovery, beginning from the initial high throughput screen (HTS) discovery to ultimate identification of triflumezopyrim (4, DuPont Pyraxalt) and dicloromezotiaz (5) for commercialization as novel insecticides. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones with a n-propyl group at the 1-position, such as compound 1, were initially isolated as undesired byproducts from reactions for a fungicide discovery program at DuPont Crop Protection. Such compounds showed interesting insecticidal activity in a follow-up screen and against an expanded insect species list. The area became an insecticide hit for exploration and then a lead area for optimization. At the lead optimization stage, variations at three regions of compound 1, i.e., side-chain (n-propyl group), substituents on the 3-phenyl group, and substitutions on the pyrido- moiety, were explored with many analogues prepared and evaluated. Breakthrough discoveries included replacing the n-propyl group with a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group to generate compound 2, and then with a 2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl group to form compound 3. 3 possesses potent insecticidal activity not only against a group of hopper species, including corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead), CPH) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae (Harris), PLH), as well as two key rice hopper species, namely, brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), BPH) and rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens (Distant), GLH), but also against representative lepidoptera species Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), DBM) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), FAW). Further optimization based on 3 led to discovery of triflumezopyrim (4), with a 5-pyrimidinylmethyl group, as a potent hopper insecticide for rice usage. Optimization of the substituents on the pyrido- moiety of 3 resulted in discovery of dicloromezotiaz (5) as a lepidoptera insecticide. In this Account, we present the discovery and optimization of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone insecticides toward the identification of triflumezopyrim (4) and dicloromezotiaz (5). We hope that knowledge and lessons derived from this discovery program will provide valuable information for future agrochemical and drug discovery. Our successful discovery and commercialization development of two novel insecticides based on meosoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyridiminones may also stimulate interests of scientists from other disciplines to adopt this uncommon yet intriguing heterocycle ring system in pharmaceutical and other material science discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell
Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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112
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhu M, Jiang S, Xu S, Du S, Yu B, Gong J. Solid–liquid phase equilibrium and thermodynamic analysis of prothioconazole in mono-solvents and binary solvents from 283.15 K to 313.15 K. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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113
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Lefrancq M, Jadas-Hécart A, La Jeunesse I, Landry D, Payraudeau S. High frequency monitoring of pesticides in runoff water to improve understanding of their transport and environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:75-86. [PMID: 28242219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall-induced peaks in pesticide concentrations can occur rapidly. Low frequency sampling may therefore largely underestimate maximum pesticide concentrations and fluxes. Detailed storm-based sampling of pesticide concentrations in runoff water to better predict pesticide sources, transport pathways and toxicity within the headwater catchments is lacking. High frequency monitoring (2min) of seven pesticides (Dimetomorph, Fluopicolide, Glyphosate, Iprovalicarb, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole and Triadimenol) and one degradation product (AMPA) were assessed for 20 runoff events from 2009 to 2012 at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in the Layon catchment in France. The maximum pesticide concentrations were 387μgL-1. Samples from all of the runoff events exceeded the legal limit of 0.1μgL-1 for at least one pesticide (European directive 2013/39/EC). High resolution sampling used to detect the peak pesticide levels revealed that Toxic Units (TU) for algae, invertebrates and fish often exceeded the European Uniform principles (25%). The point and average (time or discharge-weighted) concentrations indicated up to a 30- or 4-fold underestimation of the TU obtained when measuring the maximum concentrations, respectively. This highlights the important role of sampling methods for assessing peak exposure. High resolution sampling combined with concentration-discharge hysteresis analyses revealed that clockwise responses were predominant (52%), indicating that Hortonian runoff is the prevailing surface runoff trigger mechanism in the study catchment. The hysteresis patterns for suspended solids and pesticides were highly dynamic and storm- and chemical-dependent. Intense rainfall events induced stronger C-Q hysteresis (magnitude). This study provides new insights into the complexity of pesticide dynamics in runoff water and highlights the ability of hysteresis analysis to improve understanding of pesticide supply and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lefrancq
- University of Angers, LETG-Angers UMR CNRS 6554, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France.
| | - Alain Jadas-Hécart
- University of Angers, LETG-Angers UMR CNRS 6554, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Isabelle La Jeunesse
- University of Angers, LETG-Angers UMR CNRS 6554, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France; University François Rabelais of Tours, Citeres UMR CNRS 7324, 33, allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, B.P. 60449, 37204 Tours cedex 3, France
| | - David Landry
- University of Angers, LETG-Angers UMR CNRS 6554, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, LHyGeS UMR 7517, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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114
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Wing KD. It takes a team: reflections on insecticide discoveries, toxicological problems and enjoying the unexpected. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:666-671. [PMID: 27146911 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion (ADME)-related studies are mandatory in agrochemical development/registration, but can also play a valuable role in the discovery process. In combination with target-site potency, bioavailability/ADME characteristics determine agrochemical bioactivity and selectivity, and these concerns can dictate the fate of a discovery lead area. Bioavailability/ADME research was critical to the eventual commercialization of three different insecticide chemistries examined in this paper. In one situation, improved systemicity in anthranilic diamides was required to expand pest spectrum. In another, ADME tools were needed to improve the selective toxicity and non-target safety of sodium channel blocker insecticides. Finally, differential ADME characteristics of two classes of hormone agonists dictated differential insecticidal activity, and were useful in optimizing the dibenzoylhydrazine ecdysone agonists. ADME discovery research will help companies to advance novel, efficacious and selective agrochemicals, but organizational patience and a desire to understand lead areas in depth are required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Wing
- Keith D Wing Consulting, LLC, Wilmington, DE, USA
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115
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Lorsbach BA, Sparks TC. Innovations in Agrochemical Discovery and the Role of Metabolism, Bioavailability and Formulations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:655-657. [PMID: 28247502 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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116
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Creemer LC, Giampietro NC, Lambert W, Yap MC, deBoer GJ, Adelfinskaya Y, Castetter S, Wessels FJ. Pro-insecticidal approach towards increasing in planta activity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:752-760. [PMID: 27414472 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adrenergic mode of action was investigated for the development of potential new insecticides. Clonidine-related analogs were tested against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Clonidine analogs lack translation owing to a possible vacuole-trapping mechanism. Physical property modulation via a prodrug approach was attempted to overcome this mechanism. RESULTS Clonidine showed insecticidal activity against M. persicae and B. tabaci. A prodrug of a known open-chain analog of clonidine was developed. While the prodrug had decreased pKa and increased lipophilicity and displayed good activity against M. persicae B. tabaci, the activity did not translate to cotton. Metabolic studies showed that the prodrug was quickly metabolized to the parent compound, and was further metabolized to a known vacuole-trapped oxazoline analog. CONCLUSIONS Adrenergic active compounds, such as clonidine analogs, show potential as insecticides; however, a designed prodrug approach did not overcome the lack of translation in this case. Studies confirmed that the synthesized prodrug analog metabolized in planta to the proposed vacuole-trapped compound. One possible explanation for the failure of this approach is that the rate of metabolism and vacuole trapping is faster than translaminar flow, and therefore the released pesticide is not biologically available to the target organism. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maurice C Yap
- Dow AgroSciences, Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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117
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Zhang W, Holyoke CW, Barry J, Cordova D, Leighty RM, Tong MHT, Hughes KA, Lahm GP, Pahutski TF, Xu M, Briddell TA, McCann SF, Henry YT, Chen Y. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2- a ]pyrimidinones: Discovery of dicloromezotiaz as a lepidoptera insecticide acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 1,2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:911-917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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118
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Chen L, Zhu YJ, Fan ZJ, Guo XF, Zhang ZM, Xu JH, Song YQ, Yurievich MY, Belskaya NP, Bakulev VA. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazole and Thiazole-Based Strobilurins as Potent Fungicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:745-751. [PMID: 28055187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides play a crucial role in protecting plants against different pathogens and securing food supplies. A series of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and thiazole-based strobilurins were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested against various fungi. Introduction of 1,2,3-thiadiazole greatly improved the fungicidal activity of the target molecules. Compounds 8a, 8c, 8d, and 10i exhibited a relatively broad spectrum of fungicidal activity. Compound 8a showed excellent activities against Gibberella zeae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia cerealis with median effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.68, 0.44, and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively; it was much more active than positive controls enestroburin, kresoxim-methyl, and azoxystrobin with EC50 between 0.06 and 15.12 μg/mL. Comparable or better fungicidal efficacy of compound 8a compared with azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin against Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Pseudoperonspera cubensis was validated in cucumber fields at the same application dosages. Therefore, compound 8a is a promising fungicidal candidate worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Morzherin Y Yurievich
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yeltsin UrFU , 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Belskaya
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yeltsin UrFU , 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A Bakulev
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yeltsin UrFU , 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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119
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Chen L, Guo XF, Fan ZJ, Zhang NL, Zhu YJ, Zhang ZM, Khazhieva I, Yurievich MY, Belskaya NP, Bakulev VA. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole based strobilurins as potent fungicide candidates. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole based novel strobilurin analogs were synthesized, the compound8dwas discovered as a new fungicidal candidate with better efficacy than commercial standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jin Fan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Nai-Lou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Inna Khazhieva
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Morzherin Y. Yurievich
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Nataliya P. Belskaya
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Bakulev
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
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120
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Duke SO. Summing up the past year for Pest Management Science. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:7-8. [PMID: 27910293 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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121
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Zhang W, Holyoke CW, Pahutski TF, Lahm GP, Barry JD, Cordova D, Leighty RM, Singh V, Vicent DR, Tong MHT, Hughes KA, McCann SF, Henry YT, Xu M, Briddell TA. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones: Discovery of triflumezopyrim as a potent hopper insecticide 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:16-20. [PMID: 27894871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones has been discovered with exceptional insecticidal activity controlling a number of insect species. In this communication, we report the part of the optimization program which led to the discovery of triflumezopyrim as a highly potent insecticide controlling various hopper species. Our efforts in discovery, synthesis, structure-activity relationship elucidation, and biological activity evaluation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
| | - Caleb W Holyoke
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Thomas F Pahutski
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - George P Lahm
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - James D Barry
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Daniel Cordova
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Robert M Leighty
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Vineet Singh
- E.I. DuPont India Pvt. Ltd., South Asia Field Experimental Station, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Daniel R Vicent
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - My-Hanh T Tong
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Kenneth A Hughes
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Stephen F McCann
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Yewande T Henry
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Twyla A Briddell
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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