101
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Karahalil B, Miser Salihoğlu E, Elkama A, Orhan G, Saygın E, Yardim Akaydin S. Individual susceptibility has a major impact on strong association between oxidative stress, defence systems and Parkinson's disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:158-170. [PMID: 34582115 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which causes Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress products, antioxidant and their balance have important roles in the development of oxidative stress-based PD. The impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defence systems can be altered by genetic polymorphisms, and thus the risk of PD may also be affected. We aimed to investigate the possible association of individual susceptibility with the development of oxidative stress-based PD. For this purpose, we measured serum levels of folic acid, homocysteine, Vitamin B6 and B12 that play roles in folate-dependent one-carbon pathway, oxidant or antioxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase, MnSOD, GPX), 8-OHdG and repair enzymes (OGG1, XRCC1 and MTH1) by ELISA, and analysed related gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP. XRCC1, ROS, NADPH and folic acid levels were found to be statistically higher in patients than controls. XRCC1, MnSOD and GPX activities were increased. We observed higher levels of 8-OHdG in patients with MnSOD and XRCC1 mutant genotypes and higher XRCC1 levels in patients with NOX p22 fox mutant genotypes rather than controls. We suggest that routinely clinical validation of major oxidative stress-related biomarkers will be a good approach to manage detrimental effects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensu Karahalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Miser Salihoğlu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Elkama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürdal Orhan
- Ministry of Health, Neurology Clinic, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Saygın
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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102
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Carmichael K, Sullivan B, Lopez E, Sun L, Cai H. Diverse midbrain dopaminergic neuron subtypes and implications for complex clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. AGEING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2021; 1. [PMID: 34532720 PMCID: PMC8442626 DOI: 10.20517/and.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder, is clinically manifested with various motor and non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pas compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons (DANs) is generally attributed to the motor syndrome. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of non-motor syndrome are largely unexplored. Besides SNc, midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) DANs also produce and release dopamine and modulate movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Degeneration of VTA DANs also occurs in postmortem brains of PD patients, implying an involvement of VTA DANs in PD-associated non-motor symptoms. However, it remains to be established that there is a distinct segregation of different SNc and VTA DAN subtypes in regulating different motor and non-motor functions, and that different DAN subpopulations are differentially affected by normal ageing or PD. Traditionally, the distinction among different DAN subtypes was mainly based on the location of cell bodies and axon terminals. With the recent advance of single cell RNA sequencing technology, DANs can be readily classified based on unique gene expression profiles. A combination of specific anatomic and molecular markers shows great promise to facilitate the identification of DAN subpopulations corresponding to different behavior modules under normal and disease conditions. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress in characterizing genetically, anatomically, and functionally diverse midbrain DAN subtypes. Then, we provide perspectives on how the preclinical research on the connectivity and functionality of DAN subpopulations improves our current understanding of cell-type and circuit specific mechanisms of the disease, which could be critically informative for designing new mechanistic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Carmichael
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,The Graduate Partnership Program of NIH and Brown University, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Breanna Sullivan
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Lopez
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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103
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Sigirli D, Ozdemir ST, Erer S, Sahin I, Ercan I, Ozpar R, Orun MO, Hakyemez B. Statistical shape analysis of putamen in early-onset Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 209:106936. [PMID: 34530266 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the shape differences in the putamen of early-onset Parkinson's patients compared with healthy controls and to assess and to assess sub-regional brain abnormalities. METHODS This study was conducted using the 3-T MRI scans of 23 early-onset Parkinson's patients and age and gender matched control subjects. Landmark coordinate data obtained and Procrustes analysis was used to compare mean shapes. The relationships between the centroid sizes of the left and right putamen, and the durations of disease examined using growth curve models. RESULTS While there was a significant difference between the right putamen shape of control and patient groups, there was not found a significant difference in terms of left putamen. Sub-regional analyses showed that for the right putamen, the most prominent deformations were localized in the middle-posterior putamen and minimal deformations were seen in the anterior putamen. CONCLUSION Although they were not as pronounced as those in the right putamen, the deformations in the left putamen mimic the deformations in the right putamen which are found mainly in the middle-posterior putamen and at a lesser extend in the anterior putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sigirli
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Senem Turan Ozdemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Sevda Erer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ilker Ercan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rifat Ozpar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Okay Orun
- Department of Neurology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey.
| | - Bahattin Hakyemez
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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104
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The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin prevents the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2021; 174:36-45. [PMID: 34453989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) exerts neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on the dopaminergic system of animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of the Hc-TeTx fragment on the markers of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress generated by the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). For this purpose, the Hc-TeTx fragment was administered once a day in three 20 μg/kg consecutive injections into the grastrocnemius muscle of the rats, with an intra-striatal unilateral injection of 1 μL of MPP+ [10 μg/mL] then administered in order to cause a dopaminergic lesion. The results obtained show that the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+ presented an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a significantly greater decrease in the levels of the markers of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and neurodegeneration than that observed for the group injured with only MPP+. Moreover, it was observed that total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and copper/zinc SOD activity increased with the administration of Hc-TeTx. Finally, immunoreactivity levels were observed to decrease for the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ipsilateral striatum of the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+, in contrast with those lesioned with MPP+ alone. Our results demonstrate that the recombinant Hc-TeTx fragment may be a potent antioxidant and, therefore, could be suggested as a therapeutic tool against the dopaminergic neuronal impairment observed in the early stages of PD.
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105
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Fan HC, Chang YK, Tsai JD, Chiang KL, Shih JH, Yeh KY, Ma KH, Li IH. The Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720947416. [PMID: 33028106 PMCID: PMC7784516 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720947416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While Parkinson’s disease (PD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two distinct conditions, it has been hypothesized that they share several overlapping anatomical and neurochemical changes. In order to investigate that hypothesis, this study used claims data from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 to provide the significant nationwide population-based evidence of an increased risk of PD among ADHD patients, and the connection between the two conditions was not the result of other comorbidities. Moreover, this study showed that the patients with PD were 2.8 times more likely to have a prior ADHD diagnosis compared with those without a prior history of ADHD. Furthermore, an animal model of ADHD was generated by neonatally injecting rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). These rats were subjected to behavior tests and the 99mTc-TRODAT-1 brain imaging at the juvenile stage. Compared to control group rats, the 6-OHDA rats showed a significantly reduced specific uptake ratio in the striatum, indicating an underlying PD-linked pathology in the brains of these ADHD phenotype-expressing rats. Overall, these results support that ADHD shares a number of anatomical and neurochemical changes with PD. As such, improved knowledge of the neurochemical mechanisms underlying ADHD could result in improved treatments for various debilitating neurological disorders, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, 59084Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Medical research, 68866Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Life Sciences, 59084National Chung Hsing University, Taichung.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical research, 68866Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung.,Department of Life Sciences, 59084National Chung Hsing University, Taichung.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, 34899Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Pediatrics, 34899Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 38009Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 63452Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei.,School of Pharmacy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Kuan-Yi Yeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 63452Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei.,School of Pharmacy, 71548National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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106
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Tarousi M, Sarafidis M, Androutsou T, Manta O, Giannakopoulou O, Koutsouri G, Ibáñez F, Kouris I, Vellidou E, Koutsouris D. Serious games for Parkinson's Disease management as implemented in PROPHETIC platform. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:14604582211011231. [PMID: 33902340 DOI: 10.1177/14604582211011231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the serious games, integrated into PROPHETIC which is an innovating personal healthcare service for a holistic remote management of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The main objective of the three developed serious games is to allow health professionals to remotely monitor and appraise the overall physical status of their patients. The significant benefits for the patients, making use of this platform, is the improvement of their engagement, empowerment and, consequently, the provision of education about their condition and its management. The design of the serious games was based on the clinical needs derived from the literature and their primary target is to assess and record specific physical capabilities of the patient. All the games scores and the recorded parameters are gathered and also presented to the clinicians, offering them a precise overview of the patient's motor status and the possibility to modify the therapeutic plan, if required.
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107
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Garcia Corrales AV, Haidar M, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Fatty Acid Synthesis in Glial Cells of the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158159. [PMID: 34360931 PMCID: PMC8348209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are of crucial importance for brain homeostasis and neural function. Glia cells support the high demand of FAs that the central nervous system (CNS) needs for its proper functioning. Additionally, FAs can modulate inflammation and direct CNS repair, thereby contributing to brain pathologies such Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Intervention strategies targeting FA synthesis in glia represents a potential therapeutic opportunity for several CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida V Garcia Corrales
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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108
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Ding W, Qi M, Ma L, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang W. ADP/ATP translocase 1 protects against an α-synuclein-associated neuronal cell damage in Parkinson's disease model. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:130. [PMID: 34246309 PMCID: PMC8272299 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1) is involved in the exchange of cytosolic ADP and mitochondrial ATP, and its defection plays an important role in mitochondrial pathogenesis. To reveal an etiological implication of ANT1 for Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, a mouse model treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and neuroblastoma cell model induced by 1-methyl-4-pehny1-pyridine were utilized in this study. RESULTS The tissue-specific abundance in ANT1 in mouse brains was accessed using the analysis of Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Down-regulated soluble ANT1 was found to be correlated with PD, and ANT1 was associated with PD pathogenesis via forming protein aggregates with α-synuclein. This finding was confirmed at cellular level using neuroblastoma cell models. ANT1 supplement in neuronal cells revealed the protective roles of ANT1 against cytotoxicity caused by MPP+. Protein interaction assay, coupled with the analysis of LC-MS/MS, silver-stained SDS-PAGE and Western blot against anti-ANT1 antibody respectively, illustrated the interaction of ANT1 with α-synuclein using the expressed α-synuclein as a bite. Additionally, a significant increasing ROSs was detected in the MPP+-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that ANT1 was a potentially causative factor of PD, and led to neuropathogenic injury via promoting the formation of protein aggregates with α-synuclein. This investigation potentially promotes an innovative understanding of ANT1 on the etiology of PD and provides valuable information on developing potential drug targets in PD treatment or reliable biomarkers in PD prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Ding
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Minghua Qi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yingfei Chen
- Grade 2020, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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109
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Lotz SK, Blackhurst BM, Reagin KL, Funk KE. Microbial Infections Are a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:691136. [PMID: 34305533 PMCID: PMC8292681 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.691136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprise a family of disorders characterized by progressive loss of nervous system function. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases but whether it is a cause or consequence of the disease process is unclear. Of growing interest is the role of microbial infections in inciting degenerative neuroinflammatory responses and genetic factors that may regulate those responses. Microbial infections cause inflammation within the central nervous system through activation of brain-resident immune cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. These responses are necessary to protect the brain from lethal infections but may also induce neuropathological changes that lead to neurodegeneration. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which microbial infections may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapeutic approaches that prevent the onset and slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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110
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Samidurai M, Palanisamy BN, Bargues-Carot A, Hepker M, Kondru N, Manne S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A. PKC Delta Activation Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) and NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Activation Subsequent to Asynuclein-Induced Microglial Activation: Involvement of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP)/Thioredoxin (Trx) Redoxisome Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:661505. [PMID: 34276337 PMCID: PMC8283807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.661505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) within Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although its role in microglial dysfunction and resultant dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotoxicity is still elusive. Previously, we identified that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is activated in post mortem PD brains and experimental Parkinsonism and that it participates in reactive microgliosis; however, the relationship between PKCδ activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the reactive microglial activation state in the context of α-synucleinopathy is largely unknown. Herein, we show that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and PKCδ activation increased concomitantly with ERS markers, including the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α), p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) as well as increased generation of neurotoxic cytokines, including IL-1β in aggregated αSynagg-stimulated primary microglia. Importantly, in mouse primary microglia-treated with αSynagg we observed increased expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (Trx) pathway, a major antioxidant protein system. Additionally, αSynagg promoted interaction between NLRP3 and TXNIP in these cells. In vitro knockdown of PKCδ using siRNA reduced ERS and led to reduced expression of TXNIP and the NLRP3 activation response in αSynagg-stimulated mouse microglial cells (MMCs). Additionally, attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) via mito-apocynin and amelioration of ERS via the eIF2α inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS may act in concert to promote the αSynagg-induced microglial activation response. Likewise, knockdown of TXNIP by siRNA attenuated the αSynagg-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation response. Finally, unilateral injection of αSyn preformed fibrils (αSynPFF) into the striatum of wild-type mice induced a significant increase in the expression of nigral p-PKCδ, ERS markers, and upregulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling axis prior to delayed loss of TH+ neurons. Together, our results suggest that inhibition of ERS and its downstream signaling mediators TXNIP and NLRP3 might represent novel therapeutic avenues for ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Monica Hepker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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111
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Rider JV, Longhurst JK. Fear-of-falling activity-avoidance behavior in people with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:1698-1704. [PMID: 36521066 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to explore existing literature related to fear of falling activity avoidance behavior and identify what is known about this phenomenon in people with Parkinson's disease. INTRODUCTION Falling and fear of falling are significant concerns for persons with Parkinson's disease. Fear of falling is a significant problem over and above falling itself and can lead to activity avoidance. Activity-avoidance behavior is a risk factor for increased falls and can lead to further functional decline. A better understanding of the fear of falling and the associated avoidance behavior can inform screening, evaluation, and interventions to decrease fall risk and improve activity engagement and quality of life for persons with Parkinson's disease. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider studies published in English that include individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease experiencing fear of falling that impacts activity engagement with no limit on participant age or time of publication. METHODS JBI methodology will be used to conduct this scoping review. A three-step search strategy will be utilized. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), APA PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Papers First (OCLC), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest). Two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full text of the selected studies. Data collection will be performed with a tool developed by the researchers based on the standardized tool from JBI SUMARI. Data will be presented in a comprehensive narrative summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Rider
- Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, USA.,University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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112
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Conte C. Possible Link between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7135. [PMID: 34281186 PMCID: PMC8269350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain, depletion of dopamine (DA), and impaired nigrostriatal pathway. The pathological hallmark of PD includes the aggregation and accumulation α-synuclein (α-SYN). Although the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD are still unknown, the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly TLR4 and subsequent neuroinflammatory immune response, seem to play a significant role. Mounting evidence suggests that viral infection can concur with the precipitation of PD or parkinsonism. The recently identified coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), responsible for 160 million cases that led to the death of more than three million individuals worldwide. Studies have reported that many patients with COVID-19 display several neurological manifestations, including acute cerebrovascular diseases, conscious disturbance, and typical motor and non-motor symptoms accompanying PD. In this review, the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of PD are discussed. Specifically, the involvement of the TLR4 signaling pathway in mediating the virus entry, as well as the massive immune and inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients is explored. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to TLR4 and the possible interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and α-SYN as contributing factors to neuronal death are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via Fabretti, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Early-phase 18F-FP-CIT and 18F-flutemetamol PET were significantly correlated. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12297. [PMID: 34112926 PMCID: PMC8192502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about whether early-phase PET images of 18F-FP-CIT match those of amyloid PET. Here, we compared early-phase 18F-FP-CIT and 18F-flutemetamol PET images in patients who underwent both within a 1-month interval. The SUVR on early-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET (median, 0.86) was significantly lower than that of 18F-flutemetamol PET (median, 0.91, p < 0.001) for total brain regions including all cerebral lobes and central structures. This significant difference persisted for each brain region except central structures (p = 0.232). The SUVR of total brain regions obtained from early 18F-FP-CIT PET showed a very strong correlation with that of 18F-flutemetamol PET (rho = 0.80, p < 0.001). Among the kinetic parameters, only R1 showed a statistically significant correlation between the two techniques for all brain regions (rho = 0.89, p < 0.001). R1 from 18F-FP-CIT (median, 0.77) was significantly lower in all areas of the brain compared to R1 from 18F-flutemetamol PET (median, 0.81, p < 0.001).18F-FP-CIT demonstrated lower uptake in cortical brain regions than 18F-flutemetamol on early-phase PET. However, both early-phase PETs demonstrated significant correlation of uptake.
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114
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Agbo F, Crass RL, Chiu YY, Chapel S, Galluppi G, Blum D, Navia B. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of apomorphine sublingual film or subcutaneous apomorphine in healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1464-1475. [PMID: 33650272 PMCID: PMC8301595 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apomorphine is an on-demand treatment of "OFF" episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A joint parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic (PK) model characterized apomorphine and apomorphine-sulfate following administration of apomorphine sublingual film (APL) and two formulations of subcutaneous apomorphine. Overall, 2485 samples from 87 healthy subjects and 71 patients with PD and "OFF" episodes were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Apomorphine PK was adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order transit absorption via both routes of administration and first-order metabolism to apomorphine-sulfate with one-compartment disposition and first-order elimination. Bioavailability of apomorphine sublingual film was ~ 18% relative to subcutaneous apomorphine. Among covariates tested, only body weight had a large effect on apomorphine exposure (maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve [AUC0-∞ ]), with greater weight resulting in lower exposure. Model-predicted apomorphine exposure was similar between apomorphine sublingual film 30 mg and subcutaneous apomorphine 5 mg (median AUC0-24 , 66.7 ng•h/mL, geometric mean ratio of 0.99; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.03) and was comparable between apomorphine sublingual film 35 mg and subcutaneous apomorphine 6 mg (median AUC0-24 , 75.4 and 80.0 ng•h/mL, respectively; geometric mean ratio of 0.94; 90% CI, 0.90-0.97) administered every 2 h for a maximum of 5 doses per day. In a typical patient with PD, predicted apomorphine exposure increased with increasing doses of apomorphine sublingual film; however, the increase was less than dose proportional. Similar apomorphine exposure was predicted in patients with mild renal impairment versus normal renal function. PK properties of apomorphine sublingual film support its administration for a wide range of patients with PD and "OFF" episodes, regardless of demographic and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Agbo
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Fort Lee, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ryan L Crass
- Ann Arbor Pharmacometrics Group, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu-Yuan Chiu
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Fort Lee, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sunny Chapel
- Ann Arbor Pharmacometrics Group, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gerald Galluppi
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Blum
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradford Navia
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
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115
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Salas-Leal AC, Salas-Pacheco SM, Gavilán-Ceniceros JAP, Castellanos-Juárez FX, Méndez-Hernández EM, La Llave-León O, Camacho-Luis A, Quiñones-Canales G, Romero-Gutiérrez E, Arias-Carrión O, Salas-Pacheco JM, Sandoval-Carrillo AA. α-syn and SNP rs356219 as a potential biomarker in blood for Parkinson's disease in Mexican Mestizos. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135901. [PMID: 33865938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical criteria diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD), therefore, it is crucial to find biological elements that could support diagnosis or even act as prognostic tools of PD. The SNCA gene codifies a protein called α - synuclein; several studies associate genetic and biochemical factors of SNCA with PD, including transcript and plasmatic protein levels, however, contradictory evidence indicates inconclusive results. We aim to compare SNCA mRNA expression, plasmatic α-syn protein and rs356219 SNP between PD cases and a control group, and to identify a potential biomarker in Mexican mestizos', focusing on these three components determined in blood. We included 88 PD patients and 88 age-matched controls. We observed higher α-syn protein and decreased SNCA mRNA levels in PD subjects, compared to control group (p = 0.044 and p < 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found in allelic and genotypic frequencies of SNP rs356219 between PD patients and normal subjects (p = 0.006 and p = 0.023, respectively). Logistic regression analysis determined as optimal predictors of PD the GG genotype of SNP rs356219 (OR 2.49; p = 0.006) in a recessive model and α-syn protein (OR 1.057; p = 0.033). Furthermore, the G allele of SNP rs356219 was associated with higher plasmatic α-syn and mRNA levels in PD subjects. The receiver operating curves (ROC) distinguished PD from healthy controls with good sensitivity and specificity considering the plasmatic α-syn protein (AUC = 0.693, Sensitivity = 66.7 %, Specificity = 63.9 %) or a predictive probability of plasmatic α-syn protein and SNP rs356219 in a single model (AUC = 0.692, Sensitivity = 62.3 %, Specificity = 62.5 %). The performance of this classifier model in PD at early stage (n = 31) increase the discriminant power in both, plasmatic α-syn protein (AUC = 0.779, Sensitivity = 72.7 %, Specificity = 73.9 %) and predictive probability (AUC = 0.707, Sensitivity = 63.6 %, Specificity = 62.5 %). We propose that α-syn protein and SNP rs356219 together may work as a good signature of PD, and they can be suggested as a non-invasive biomarker of PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Cristina Salas-Leal
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Sergio M Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edna M Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Osmel La Llave-León
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Camacho-Luis
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Romero-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - José M Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico.
| | - Ada A Sandoval-Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico.
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116
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Waku I, Magalhães MS, Alves CO, de Oliveira AR. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy as an animal model for parkinsonism: A systematic review of experimental studies. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3743-3767. [PMID: 33818841 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several useful animal models for parkinsonism have been developed so far. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy is often used as a rodent model for the study of motor impairments observed in Parkinson's disease and related disorders and for the screening of potential antiparkinsonian compounds. The objective of this systematic review is to identify publications that used the haloperidol-induced catalepsy model for parkinsonism and to explore the methodological characteristics and the main questions addressed in these studies. A careful systematic search of the literature was carried out by accessing articles in three different databases: Web of Science, PubMed and SCOPUS. The selection and inclusion of studies were performed based on the abstract and, subsequently, on full-text analysis. Data extraction included the objective of the study, study design and outcome of interest. Two hundred and fifty-five articles were included in the review. Publication years ranged from 1981 to 2020. Most studies used the model to explore the effects of potential treatments for parkinsonism. Although the methodological characteristics used are quite varied, most studies used Wistar rats as experimental subjects. The most frequent dose of haloperidol used was 1.0 mg/kg, and the horizontal bar test was the most used to assess catalepsy. The data presented here provide a framework for an evidence-based approach to the design of preclinical research on parkinsonism using the haloperidol-induced catalepsy model. This model has been used routinely and successfully and is likely to continue to play a critical role in the ongoing search for the next generation of therapeutic interventions for parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Waku
- Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mylena S Magalhães
- Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila O Alves
- Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda R de Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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117
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Probabilistic Neural Network-based Model for Identification of Parkinson’s Disease by using Voice Profile and Personal Data. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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118
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Ferrazoli N, Donadon C, Rezende A, Skarzynski PH, Sanfins MD. The Application of P300-Long-Latency Auditory-Evoked Potential in Parkinson Disease. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 26:e158-e166. [PMID: 35096174 PMCID: PMC8789487 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Despite the motor symptoms, PD patients also consistently show cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction. The auditory event-related potential P300 has been described as the best indicator of mental function, being highly dependent on cognitive skills, including attention and discrimination.
Objective To review the literature on the application and findings of P300 as an indicator of PD.
Data Analysis The samples ranged from 7 to 166 individuals. Young adult and elderly male patients composed most study samples. The Mini-Mental State Examination test, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to assess neurological and cognitive function. In terms of testing hearing function, few studies have focused on parameters other than the P300. The factors we focused on were how the P300 was modified by cognitive effects, its correlation with different PD scales, the effect of performing dual tasks, the effect of fatigue, and the influence of drug treatments.
Conclusion The use of the P300 appears to be an effective assessment tool in patients with PD. This event-related potential seems to correlate well with other neurocognitive tests that measure key features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrazoli
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Interdisciplinary Practice and Rehabilitation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Clinica Ouvire, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Donadon
- Clinica Ouvire, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Piotr H. Skarzynski
- Department of Teleaudiology and Hearing Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Institute of Sensory Organs, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milaine Dominici Sanfins
- Clinica Ouvire, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Eletrofisiologia e Neuroaudiologia Avançada, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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119
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Uriarte Huarte O, Kyriakis D, Heurtaux T, Pires-Afonso Y, Grzyb K, Halder R, Buttini M, Skupin A, Mittelbronn M, Michelucci A. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and In Situ Morphological Analyses Reveal Microglia Heterogeneity Across the Nigrostriatal Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639613. [PMID: 33854507 PMCID: PMC8039119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to various pathological stimuli to maintain CNS homeostasis. However, microglial reactions in the CNS may also worsen neurological disorders. Hence, the phenotypic analysis of microglia in healthy tissue may identify specific poised subsets ultimately supporting or harming the neuronal network. This is all the more important for the understanding of CNS disorders exhibiting regional-specific and cellular pathological hallmarks, such as many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In this context, we aimed to address the heterogeneity of microglial cells in susceptible brain regions for PD, such as the nigrostriatal pathway. Here, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing with immunofluorescence analyses of the murine nigrostriatal pathway, the most affected brain region in PD. We uncovered a microglia subset, mainly present in the midbrain, displaying an intrinsic transcriptional immune alerted signature sharing features of inflammation-induced microglia. Further, an in situ morphological screening of inferred cellular diversity showed a decreased microglia complexity in the midbrain when compared to striatum. Our study provides a resource for the identification of specific microglia phenotypes within the nigrostriatal pathway, which may be relevant in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yolanda Pires-Afonso
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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120
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Mitchell SD, Sidiropoulos C. Therapeutic Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin for Autonomic Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:226. [PMID: 33808714 PMCID: PMC8003355 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most common age-related motoric neurodegenerative disease. In addition to the cardinal motor symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, there are numerous non-motor symptoms as well. Among the non-motor symptoms, autonomic nervous system dysfunction is common. Autonomic symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include sialorrhea, hyperhidrosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and urinary dysfunction. Botulinum neurotoxin has been shown to potentially improve these autonomic symptoms. In this review, the varied uses of botulinum neurotoxin for autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease are discussed. This review also includes discussion of some additional indications for the use of botulinum neurotoxin in Parkinson's disease, including pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Mitchell
- Department of Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-7015, USA;
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121
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Gottschalk CG, Jana M, Roy A, Patel DR, Pahan K. Gemfibrozil Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease via PPARα-Dependent Astrocytic GDNF Pathway. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2287-2300. [PMID: 33514677 PMCID: PMC8018777 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3018-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in humans. Despite intense investigations, effective therapies are not yet available to halt the progression of PD. Gemfibrozil, a Food and Drug Administration-approved lipid-lowering drug, is known to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study underlines the importance of gemfibrozil in protecting dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of PD. Oral administration of the human equivalent dose of gemfibrozil protected tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and TH fibers in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-insulted mice of both sexes. Accordingly, gemfibrozil also normalized striatal neurotransmitters and improved locomotor activities in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Gemfibrozil-mediated protection of the nigrostriatal and locomotor activities in WT but not PPARα-/- mice from MPTP intoxication suggests that gemfibrozil needs the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in protecting dopaminergic neurons. While investigating further mechanisms, we found that gemfibrozil stimulated the transcription of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene in astrocytes via PPARα and that gemfibrozil protected nigral neurons, normalized striatal fibers and neurotransmitters, and improved locomotor activities in MPTP-intoxicated Gfafcre mice, but not GdnfΔastro mice lacking GDNF in astrocytes. These findings highlight the importance of the PPARα-dependent astroglial GDNF pathway in gemfibrozil-mediated protection of dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of PD and suggest the possible therapeutic use of gemfibrozil in PD patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasing the level of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the brain is important for the protection of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although gene manipulation and GDNF protein infusion into the brain are available options, it seems from the therapeutic angle that the best option would be to stimulate/induce the production of GDNF in vivo in the brain of PD patients. Here, we delineate that gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, stimulates GDNF in astrocytes via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Moreover, gemfibrozil protected nigral neurons, normalized striatal fibers and neurotransmitters, and improved locomotor activities from MPTP toxicity via the PPARα-dependent astroglial GDNF pathway. These studies highlight a new property of gemfibrozil and suggest its possible therapeutic use in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gottschalk
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago 60612
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago 60612
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago 60612
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago 60612
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago 60612
| | - Dhruv R Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago 60612
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago 60612
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago 60612
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Jeong S, Cho H, Kim YJ, Ma HI, Jang S. Drug-induced Parkinsonism: A strong predictor of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247354. [PMID: 33647030 PMCID: PMC7920346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) develops in considerable patients with drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP), the association hasn’t been well defined. We aimed to evaluate the underlying association and risk factors of DIP and IPD. Methods A retrospective cohort study using National Health Insurance Claims data in 2011–2016 was conducted. New-onset DIP patients in 2012 were selected and matched with active controls having diabetes mellitus at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index score. Comorbidity, causative drugs, and prescription days were evaluated as covariates. Results A total of 441 DIP were selected. During the 4-year follow up, 14 IPD events in the DM group but 62 events in the DIP group were observed (adjusted hazard ratio, HR: 18.88, 95% CI, 9.09–39.22, adjusting for comorbidities and causative drugs). IPD diagnosis in DIP was observed high in males compared to females (15.58/13.24%). The event was the most within the 1st year follow-up, mean days 453 (SD 413.36). Subgroup analysis in DIP showed calcium channel blocker (verapamil, diltiazem, and flunarizine) was significantly associated with increased IPD risk (HR: 2.24, 95% CI, 1.27–3.93). Conclusion Increased IPD in DIP patients might not be from the causal toxicity of antidopaminergic effects but from a trigger by the causative drugs on the DIP patients who already had subclinical IPD pathology. DIP can serve as a strong proxy for IPD incidence. Subjects who develop DIP should be monitored carefully for potential IPD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Jeong
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyemin Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyeo-Il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (HM); (SJ)
| | - Sunmee Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail: (HM); (SJ)
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123
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Targeting GRK5 for Treating Chronic Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041920. [PMID: 33671974 PMCID: PMC7919044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors and they are responsible for the transduction of extracellular signals, regulating almost all aspects of mammalian physiology. These receptors are specifically regulated by a family of serine/threonine kinases, called GPCR kinases (GRKs). Given the biological role of GPCRs, it is not surprising that GRKs are also involved in several pathophysiological processes. Particular importance is emerging for GRK5, which is a multifunctional protein, expressed in different cell types, and it has been found located in single or multiple subcellular compartments. For instance, when anchored to the plasma membrane, GRK5 exerts its canonical function, regulating GPCRs. However, under certain conditions (e.g., pro-hypertrophic stimuli), GRK5 translocates to the nucleus of cells where it can interact with non-GPCR-related proteins as well as DNA itself to promote “non-canonical” signaling, including gene transcription. Importantly, due to these actions, several studies have demonstrated that GRK5 has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic-degenerative disorders. This is true in the cardiac cells, tumor cells, and neurons. For this reason, in this review article, we will inform the readers of the most recent evidence that supports the importance of targeting GRK5 to prevent the development or progression of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
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124
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Maitra U, Harding T, Liang Q, Ciesla L. GardeninA confers neuroprotection against environmental toxin in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:162. [PMID: 33547411 PMCID: PMC7864937 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain. Epidemiological studies have implicated exposures to environmental toxins like the herbicide paraquat as major contributors to Parkinson’s disease etiology in both mammalian and invertebrate models. We have employed a paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease model in Drosophila as an inexpensive in vivo platform to screen therapeutics from natural products. We have identified the polymethoxyflavonoid, GardeninA, with neuroprotective potential against paraquat-induced parkinsonian symptoms involving reduced survival, mobility defects, and loss of dopaminergic neurons. GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection is not solely dependent on its antioxidant activities but also involves modulation of the neuroinflammatory and cellular death responses. Furthermore, we have successfully shown GardeninA bioavailability in the fly heads after oral administration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanistic insight into GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection against environmental toxin-induced Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis for novel therapeutic intervention. Maitra and colleagues identify the neuroprotective properties of GardeninA against environmental toxin-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila. This study has the potential to influence future research into toxin-induced Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA.
| | - Thomas Harding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, 2004 Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA.
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125
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Voon SM, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Voon KGL, Yap YJ, Koh RY. The Mechanism of Action of Salsolinol in Brain: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:725-740. [PMID: 32881676 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200902134129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol, commonly known as salsolinol, is a compound derived from dopamine. It was first discovered in 1973 and has gained attention for its role in Parkinson's disease. Salsolinol and its derivatives were claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease as a neurotoxin that induces apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons due to its structural similarity to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its ability to induce Parkinsonism. In this article, we discussed the biosynthesis, distribution and blood-brain barrier permeability of salsolinol. The roles of salsolinol in a healthy brain, particularly the interactions with enzymes, hormone and catecholamine, were reviewed. Finally, we discussed the involvement of salsolinol and its derivatives in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shee Man Voon
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Gah Leong Voon
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yiing Jye Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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126
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Limegrover CS, Yurko R, Izzo NJ, LaBarbera KM, Rehak C, Look G, Rishton G, Safferstein H, Catalano SM. Sigma-2 receptor antagonists rescue neuronal dysfunction induced by Parkinson's patient brain-derived α-synuclein. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1161-1176. [PMID: 33480104 PMCID: PMC7986605 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α‐Synuclein oligomers are thought to have a pivotal role in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α‐synucleinopathies, causing dysregulation of protein trafficking, autophagy/lysosomal function, and protein clearance, as well as synaptic function impairment underlying motor and cognitive symptoms of PD. Moreover, trans‐synaptic spread of α‐synuclein oligomers is hypothesized to mediate disease progression. Therapeutic approaches that effectively block α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced pathogenesis are urgently needed. Here, we show for the first time that α‐synuclein species isolated from human PD patient brain and recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers caused similar deficits in lipid vesicle trafficking rates in cultured rat neurons and glia, while α‐synuclein species isolated from non‐PD human control brain samples did not. Recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers also increased neuronal expression of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2A (LAMP‐2A), the lysosomal receptor that has a critical role in chaperone‐mediated autophagy. Unbiased screening of several small molecule libraries (including the NIH Clinical Collection) identified sigma‐2 receptor antagonists as the most effective at blocking α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced trafficking deficits and LAMP‐2A upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that antagonists of the sigma‐2 receptor complex may alleviate α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced neurotoxicity and are a novel therapeutic approach for disease modification in PD and related α‐synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary Look
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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127
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Wang Y, Shinoda Y, Cheng A, Kawahata I, Fukunaga K. Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 (FABP5) Involvement in Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Mitochondrial Injury under Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020110. [PMID: 33499263 PMCID: PMC7911662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) has been implicated as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is growing evidence that supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential primary cause of dopaminergic neuronal death in PD. Here, we focused on reciprocal interactions between αSyn aggregation and mitochondrial injury induced by oxidative stress. We further investigated whether epidermal fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is related to αSyn oligomerization/aggregation and subsequent disturbances in mitochondrial function in neuronal cells. In the presence of rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, co-overexpression of FABP5 with αSyn significantly decreased the viability of Neuro-2A cells compared to that of αSyn alone. Under these conditions, FABP5 co-localized with αSyn in the mitochondria, thereby reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of FABP5 by its ligand prevented αSyn accumulation in mitochondria, which led to cell death rescue. These results suggested that FABP5 is crucial for mitochondrial dysfunction related to αSyn oligomerization/aggregation in the mitochondria induced by oxidative stress in neurons.
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128
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Bozelli JC, Kamski-Hennekam E, Melacini G, Epand RM. α-Synuclein and neuronal membranes: Conformational flexibilities in health and disease. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105034. [PMID: 33434528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, PD has no treatment. The neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS) plays an important role in PD. However, the molecular mechanisms governing its physiological and pathological roles are not fully understood. It is becoming widely acknowledged that the biological roles of αS involve interactions with biological membranes. In these biological processes there is a fine-tuned interplay between lipids affecting the properties of αS and αS affecting lipid metabolism, αS binding to membranes, and membrane damage. In this review, the intricate interactions between αS and membranes will be reviewed and a discussion of the relationship between αS and neuronal membrane structural plasticity in health and disease will be made. It is proposed that in healthy neurons the conformational flexibilities of αS and the neuronal membranes are coupled to assist the physiological roles of αS. However, in circumstances where their conformational flexibilities are decreased or uncoupled, there is a shift toward cell toxicity. Strategies to modulate toxic αS-membrane interactions are potential approaches for the development of new therapies for PD. Future work using specific αS molecular species as well as membranes with specific physicochemical properties should widen our understanding of the intricate biological roles of αS which, in turn, would propel the development of new strategies for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Kamski-Hennekam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Polo-Morales A, Alcocer-Salas Á, Rodríguez-Violante M, Pinto-Solís D, Solís-Vivanco R, Cervantes-Arriaga A. Association Between Somatization and Nonmotor Symptoms Severity in People With Parkinson Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:60-65. [PMID: 32027207 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720901787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of somatization and its association with motor, nonmotor symptoms, and quality of life in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out. Assessments included the List of 90 Symptoms somatic factor (SCL-90-R SOM), Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Ratings Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Parkinson Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8). RESULTS A total 93 persons with PD and 93 controls were included. Somatization within the PD group was 2 times more frequent compared to the control group (43% vs 21.5%, P = .003). Persons with PD had higher NMSS total scores (48.6 ± 42.6 vs 28.3 ± 30.4, P = .001). Patients with PD with somatization had worst MDS-UPDRS, NMSS, MoCA, and PDQ-8 (all P < .05). CONCLUSION Somatization is more frequent in persons with PD compared to healthy controls. Somatization in PD is associated with nonmotor symptoms and worst quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranza Polo-Morales
- Mexican Faculty of Medicine, 27840La Salle University, Mexico City, Mexico.,Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Alcocer-Salas
- Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayela Rodríguez-Violante
- Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico.,Movement Disorder Clinic, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniella Pinto-Solís
- Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Health Sciences, 27753Anahuac University, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco
- Neuropsychology Department, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amin Cervantes-Arriaga
- Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico.,Movement Disorder Clinic, 61614National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
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130
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Wouk J, Rechenchoski DZ, Rodrigues BCD, Ribelato EV, Faccin-Galhardi LC. Viral infections and their relationship to neurological disorders. Arch Virol 2021; 166:733-753. [PMID: 33502593 PMCID: PMC7838016 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chronic dysfunction of neuronal cells, both central and peripheral, a characteristic of neurological disorders, may be caused by irreversible damage and cell death. In 2016, more than 276 million cases of neurological disorders were reported worldwide. Moreover, neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death. Generally, the etiology of neurological diseases is not fully understood. Recent studies have related the onset of neurological disorders to viral infections, which may cause neurological symptoms or lead to immune responses that trigger these pathological signs. Currently, this relationship is mostly based on epidemiological data on infections and seroprevalence of patients who present with neurological disorders. The number of studies aiming to elucidate the mechanism of action by which viral infections may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of neurological disorders has been increasing over the years but these studies are still scarce. Comprehending the pathogenesis of these diseases and exploring novel theories may favor the development of new strategies for diagnosis and therapy in the future. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to review the main pieces of evidence for the relationship between viral infection and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Viruses belonging to the families Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Retroviridae have been reported to be involved in one or more of these conditions. Also, neurological symptoms and the future impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2, a member of the family Coronaviridae that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Post-Graduation Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Midwest State University, CEDETEG Campus, Guarapuava, Paraná Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisa Vicente Ribelato
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
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131
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A. Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociencia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Antonio Carlos G. de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao del-Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, BR
| | - Carla A. Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociencia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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132
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Therapeutic role of inflammasome inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:771-783. [PMID: 33157255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of glial cells, is a hallmark in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Inadequate inflammation cannot eliminate the infection of pathogens, while excessive or hyper-reactive inflammation can cause chronic or systemic inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In response to a brain injury or pathogen invasion, the pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on glial cells are activated via binding to cellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This subsequently leads to the activation of NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)-like receptor proteins (NLRs). In neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic inflammation is a critical contributing factor for disease manifestation including pathogenesis. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of "inflammasomes", especially the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) complex in the development of these diseases. The activated NLRP3 results in the proteolytic activation of caspase-1 that facilitates the cleavage of pro-IL-1β and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, these and other seminal findings have led to the development of NLRP-targeting small-molecule therapeutics as possible treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss the new advances and evidence-based literature concerning the role of inflammasomes in neurodegenerative diseases, its role in the neurological repercussions of CNS chronic infection, and the examples of preclinical or clinically tested NLRP inhibitors as potential strategies for the treatment of chronic neurological diseases.
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133
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Eyileten C, Sharif L, Wicik Z, Jakubik D, Jarosz-Popek J, Soplinska A, Postula M, Czlonkowska A, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D. The Relation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:329-347. [PMID: 32944919 PMCID: PMC7695657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system while supporting the survival of existing neurons and instigating neurogenesis. Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucia Sharif
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Soplinska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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134
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Patricio F, Morales-Andrade AA, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595635. [PMID: 33384602 PMCID: PMC7770114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Patricio
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alan Axel Morales-Andrade
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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135
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Cao X, Lee K, Huang Q. Bayesian variable selection in logistic regression with application to whole-brain functional connectivity analysis for Parkinson's disease. Stat Methods Med Res 2020; 30:826-842. [PMID: 33308007 DOI: 10.1177/0962280220978990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive, chronic, and neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily diagnosed by clinical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, we propose a Bayesian model to predict Parkinson's disease employing a functional MRI (fMRI) based radiomics approach. We consider a spike and slab prior for variable selection in high-dimensional logistic regression models, and present an approximate Gibbs sampler by replacing a logistic distribution with a t-distribution. Under mild conditions, we establish model selection consistency of the induced posterior and illustrate the performance of the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods through simulation studies. In fMRI analysis, 6216 whole-brain functional connectivity features are extracted for 50 healthy controls along with 70 Parkinson's disease patients. We apply our method to the resulting dataset and further show its benefits with a higher average prediction accuracy of 0.83 compared to other contenders based on 10 random splits. The model fitting procedure also reveals the most discriminative brain regions for Parkinson's disease. These findings demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian variable selection method has the potential to support radiological diagnosis for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati
| | - Kyoungjae Lee
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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136
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The impact of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) in neuroprotection against neurological disorders. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1507-1518. [PMID: 33024239 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have long been used for their psychotropic and possible medical properties of symptom relief. In the past few years, a vast literature shows that cannabinoids are neuroprotective under different pathological situations. Most of the effects of cannabinoids are mediated by the well-characterized cannabinoid receptors, the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) and cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R). Even though CB1Rs are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), the adverse central side effects and the development of tolerance resulting from CB1R activation may ultimately limit the clinical utility of CB1R agonists. In contrast to the ubiquitous presence of CB1Rs, CB2Rs are less commonly expressed in the healthy CNS but highly upregulated in glial cells under neuropathological conditions. Experimental studies have provided robust evidence that CB2Rs seem to be involved in the modulation of different neurological disorders. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the protective effects of CB2R activation against the development of neurological diseases and provide a perspective on the future of this field. A better understanding of the fundamental pharmacology of CB2R activation is essential for the development of clinical applications and the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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137
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Kolagar TA, Farzaneh M, Nikkar N, Khoshnam SE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potentials, Advances and Limitations. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:102-110. [PMID: 31441732 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and uncontrolled gradual loss of motor neurons function or death of neuron cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the mechanisms underlying their progressive nature remain elusive. There is urgent need to investigate therapeutic strategies and novel treatments for neural regeneration in disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, the development and identification of pluripotent stem cells enabling the acquisition of a large number of neural cells in order to improve cell recovery after neurodegenerative disorders. Pluripotent stem cells which consist of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by their ability to indefinitely self-renew and the capacity to differentiate into different types of cells. The first human ESC lines were established from donated human embryos; while, because of a limited supply of donor embryos, human ESCs derivation remains ethically and politically controversial. Hence, hiPSCs-based therapies have been shown as an effective replacement for human ESCs without embryo destruction. Compared to the invasive methods for derivation of human ESCs, human iPSCs has opened possible to reprogram patient-specific cells by defined factors and with minimally invasive procedures. Human pluripotent stem cells are a good source for cell-based research, cell replacement therapies and disease modeling. To date, hundreds of human ESC and human iPSC lines have been generated with the aim of treating various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have highlighted the recent potentials, advances, and limitations of human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Akbari Kolagar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikkar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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138
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Autophagy and Redox Homeostasis in Parkinson's: A Crucial Balancing Act. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8865611. [PMID: 33224433 PMCID: PMC7671810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8865611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated primarily from endogenous biochemical reactions in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and peroxisomes. Typically, ROS/RNS correlate with oxidative damage and cell death; however, free radicals are also crucial for normal cellular functions, including supporting neuronal homeostasis. ROS/RNS levels influence and are influenced by antioxidant systems, including the catabolic autophagy pathways. Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process by which invasive, damaged, or redundant cytoplasmic components, including microorganisms and defunct organelles, are removed to maintain cellular homeostasis. This process is particularly important in neurons that are required to cope with prolonged and sustained operational stress. Consequently, autophagy is a primary line of protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's is caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs), resulting in progressive disruption of the nigrostriatal pathway, leading to motor, behavioural, and cognitive impairments. Mitochondrial dysfunction, with associated increases in oxidative stress, and declining proteostasis control, are key contributors during mDAN demise in Parkinson's. In this review, we analyse the crosstalk between autophagy and redoxtasis, including the molecular mechanisms involved and the detrimental effect of an imbalance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's.
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139
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140
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Limia-Perez L, Romero-Cabrera JL, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation for the Reduction of Oxidative Stress: Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217870. [PMID: 33114148 PMCID: PMC7660335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its main function in the mitochondria as a key element in electron transport, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been described as having multiple functions, such as oxidant action in the generation of signals and the control of membrane structure and phospholipid and cellular redox status. Among these, the most relevant and most frequently studied function is the potent antioxidant capability of its coexistent redox forms. Different clinical trials have investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation and its ability to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we focused on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation, its role as an antioxidant, and the clinical implications that this entails in the treatment of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. As an antioxidant, CoQ10 has proved to be of potential use as a treatment in diseases in which oxidative stress is a hallmark, and beneficial effects of CoQ10 have been reported in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, it is crucial to reach a consensus on the optimal dose and the use of different formulations, which vary from ubiquinol or ubiquinone Ubisol-Q10 or Qter®, to new analogues such as MitoQ, before we can draw a clear conclusion about its clinical use. In addition, a major effort must be made to demonstrate its beneficial effects in clinical trials, with a view to making the implementation of CoQ10 possible in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miguel Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pablo Arenas-de Larriva
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Limia-Perez
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Jose López-Miranda
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
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141
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Prasad EM, Hung SY. Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1007. [PMID: 33081318 PMCID: PMC7602991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability around the world. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. In PD, continuous loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes dopamine depletion in the striatum, promotes the primary motor symptoms of resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability. The risk factors of PD comprise environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular injury, aging, and hereditary defects. The pathologic features of PD include impaired protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitric oxide, and neuroinflammation, but the interaction of these factors contributing to PD is not fully understood. In neurotoxin-induced PD models, neurotoxins, for instance, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), paraquat, rotenone, and permethrin mainly impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activate microglia, and generate reactive oxygen species to induce autooxidation and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Since no current treatment can cure PD, using a suitable PD animal model to evaluate PD motor symptoms' treatment efficacy and identify therapeutic targets and drugs are still needed. Hence, the present review focuses on the latest scientific developments in different neurotoxin-induced PD animal models with their mechanisms of pathogenesis and evaluation methods of PD motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Maruthi Prasad
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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142
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Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103080. [PMID: 33050315 PMCID: PMC7601837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine occurs naturally in various foods, such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, and it has been used safely as a mild stimulant for a long time. However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the effect of caffeine consumption as a protective factor or risk factor for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the importance of personalized medicine is being emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focuses on the effect of caffeine consumption on several neurological and psychiatric disorders with respect to sex differences to provide a better understanding of caffeine use as a risk or protective factor for those disorders. The findings may help establish new strategies for developing sex-specific caffeine therapies.
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143
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Tirozzi A, Izzi B, Noro F, Marotta A, Gianfagna F, Hoylaerts MF, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Gialluisi A. Assessing Genetic Overlap Between Platelet Parameters and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:02127. [PMID: 33117333 PMCID: PMC7575686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffer from the lack of risk-predictive circulating biomarkers, and clinical diagnosis occurs only when symptoms are evident. Among potential biomarkers, platelet parameters have been associated with both disorders. However, these associations have been scarcely investigated at the genetic level. Here, we tested genome-wide coheritability based on common genetic variants between platelet parameters and PD/AD risk, through Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression. This revealed a significant genetic correlation between platelet distribution width (PDW), an index of platelet size variability, and PD risk (rg [SE] = 0.080 [0.034]; p = 0.019), which was confirmed by a summary-summary polygenic score analysis, where PDW explained a small but significant proportion PD risk (<1%). AD risk showed no significant correlations, although a negative trend was observed with PDW (rg [SE] =-0.088 [0.053]; p=0.096), in line with previous epidemiological reports. These findings suggest the existence of limited shared genetic bases between PDW and PD and warrant further investigations to clarify the genes involved in this relation. Additionally, they suggest that the association between platelet parameters and AD risk is more environmental in nature, prompting an investigation into which factors may influence these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Tirozzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Noro
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marotta
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marc F Hoylaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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144
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Elyasi L, Jahanshahi M, Jameie SB, Hamid Abadi HG, Nikmahzar E, Khalili M, Jameie M, Jameie M. 6-OHDA mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cellular model of Parkinson disease suppressed by pretreatment with hesperidin through activating L-type calcium channels. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:11-17. [PMID: 32918805 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological condition with selective progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Routine therapies are symptomatic and palliative. Although, hesperidin (Hsd) is known for its neuroprotective effects, its exact cellular mechanism is still a mystery. Considering the important role of calcium (Ca2+) in cellular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, the present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of Hsd on Ca2+ channels in cellular model of PD and the possible association between the selective vulnerability of neurons in cellular models of PD and expression of the physiological phenotype that changes Ca2+ homeostasis. METHODS SH-SY5Y cell line was used in this study; cell damage was induced by 150 µM 6-OHDA and the cells' viability was examined using MTT assay. Intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by the fluorescence spectrophotometry method. The expressions of calcium channel receptors were determined by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. RESULTS Loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were confirmed in 6-OHDA treated cells. In addition, intracellular ROS and calcium levels, calcium channel receptors significantly increased in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with hesperidin showed a protective effect, reduced the biochemical markers of cell damage/death, and balanced calcium hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, it seems that hesperidin could suppress the progression of the cellular model of PD via acting on intracellular calcium homeostasis. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential benefits of preventive and therapeutic effects of stabilizing cellular calcium homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - S B Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamid Abadi
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Emsehgol Nikmahzar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Melika Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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145
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Odumpatta R, Mohanapriya A. Next generation sequencing exome data analysis aids in the discovery of SNP and INDEL patterns in Parkinson's disease. Genomics 2020; 112:3722-3728. [PMID: 32348865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing is an adept method to reveal novel and disease-related SNPs and INDELs as it screen the actionable areas of the genome. We evaluated the exome sequenced datasets of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in South African ethnic origin. The primary focus of this study was to discover the SNPs and INDELs patterns responsible for PD. The variant discovery was performed with genome analysis tool kit best practices variant detection pipelines. The SNPs were linked to the genes and categorized based on the filter-based annotation from ANNOVAR. We identified a total of 7955 SNPs and 9952 INDELs in all seven datasets together. A total of 130 missense nsSNPs were prioritized based on its damaging effect predicted from SIFT and Polyphen2 annotation. We noticed a novel nsSNP rs111655870 in gene LRRK2 that shows the mutation of a Leucine to Phenylalanine at position 208 which can alter the protein function. The study also filtered seven nsSNPs in genes NAGA, SULT4A1, MYH8, FLNA, TPM3, ATP13A1, CLN8 that have potentially deleterious effects predicted by various computational tools. This analysis suggested that the above filtered nsSNPs and INDELs have a functional impact and provide the footing for genetic studies related to PD. Further screening of these variations provides deeper insight for molecular mechanism of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Odumpatta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Arumugam Mohanapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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146
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Yang W, Li X, Li X, Yu S. Hemoglobin-α-synuclein complex exhibited age-dependent alterations in the human striatum and peripheral RBCs. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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147
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Distinct Connectivity and Functionality of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1a1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Learning. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1167-1181.e7. [PMID: 31365862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease causes the most profound loss of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1-positive (ALDH1A1+) nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron (nDAN) subpopulation. The connectivity and functionality of ALDH1A1+ nDANs, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we show in rodent brains that ALDH1A1+ nDANs project predominantly to the rostral dorsal striatum, from which they also receive most monosynaptic inputs, indicating extensive reciprocal innervations with the striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Functionally, genetic ablation of ALDH1A1+ nDANs causes severe impairments in motor skill learning, along with a reduction in high-speed walking. While dopamine replacement therapy accelerated walking speed, it failed to improve motor skill learning in ALDH1A1+ nDAN-ablated mice. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive whole-brain connectivity map and reveals a key physiological function of ALDH1A1+ nDANs in motor skill acquisition, suggesting the motor learning processes require ALDH1A1+ nDANs to integrate diverse presynaptic inputs and supply dopamine with dynamic precision.
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148
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Mahalakshmi B, Maurya N, Lee SD, Bharath Kumar V. Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165895. [PMID: 32824367 PMCID: PMC7460620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. PE is beneficial for people suffering from neuro-degenerative diseases because it improves the production of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones. PE promotes neuronal survival and neuroplasticity and also optimizes neuroendocrine and physiological responses to psychosocial and physical stress. PE sensitizes the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) by promoting many processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Overall, it carries out many protective and preventive activities such as improvements in memory, cognition, sleep and mood; growth of new blood vessels in nervous system; and the reduction of stress, anxiety, neuro-inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the present work, the protective effects of PE were overviewed. Suitable examples from the current research work in this context are also given in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Nancy Maurya
- Department of Botany, Government Science College, Pandhurna, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh 480334, India;
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (V.B.K.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +886-4-2332-3456 (ext. 6352 or 6353) (V.B.K.); Fax: 886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +886-4-23305834 (V.B.K.)
| | - V. Bharath Kumar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (V.B.K.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +886-4-2332-3456 (ext. 6352 or 6353) (V.B.K.); Fax: 886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +886-4-23305834 (V.B.K.)
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149
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Parkinson's disease: Addressing health care practitioners' automatic responses to hypomimia. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020; 33:676-680. [DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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150
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Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Ubiquitin biology in neurodegenerative disorders: From impairment to therapeutic strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101078. [PMID: 32407951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of neurotoxic proteins is the typical hallmark of various age-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Multiple sclerosis. The anomalous proteins, such as Aβ, Tau in Alzheimer's disease and α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, perturb the neuronal physiology and cellular homeostasis in the brain thereby affecting the millions of human lives across the globe. Here, ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a decisive role in clearing the toxic metabolites in cells, where any aberrancy is widely reported to exaggerate the neurodegenerative pathologies. In spite of well-advancement in the ubiquitination research, their molecular markers and mechanisms for target-specific protein ubiquitination and clearance remained elusive. Therefore, this review substantiates the role of UPS in the brain signaling and neuronal physiology with their mechanistic role in the NDD's specific pathogenic protein clearance. Moreover, current and future promising therapies are discussed to target UPS-mediated neurodegeneration for better public health.
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