101
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Liu X, Gorzelanny C, Schneider SW. Platelets in Skin Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31333641 PMCID: PMC6620619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and small vessel vasculitis are three autoimmune diseases frequently manifested in the skin. They share common pathogenic features, including production of autoantibodies, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, vasculopathy and activation of the coagulation system. Platelets occupy a central part within the coagulation cascade and are well-recognized for their hemostatic role. However, recent cumulative evidence implicates their additional and multifaceted immunoregulatory functions. Platelets express immune receptors and they store growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in their granules enabling a significant contribution to inflammation. A plethora of activating triggers such as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged endothelial cells, immune complexes, or complement effector molecules can mediate platelet activation. Activated platelets further foster an inflammatory environment and the crosstalk with the endothelium and leukocytes by the release of immunoactive molecules and microparticles. Further insight into the pathogenic implications of platelet activation will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory functions of platelets and their mechanistic contribution to the pathophysiology of SSc, ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis and other autoimmune diseases affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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102
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Li S, Lu J, Cheng W, Zhu J, Jin M. Factors Associated with Low Admission Platelet Count in Adults with Acute Aortic Dissection. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 25:142-148. [PMID: 30568075 PMCID: PMC6587131 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.18-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Platelets are crucial components of the coagulation processes, and low admission platelet count (PLC) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: A total of 130 consecutive patients undergoing Stanford type A AAD surgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled between January 2013 and July 2014. Preoperative clinical and laboratory data from patients were collected. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the independent factors of low admission platelets. Results: Adjusted multiple regression analysis showed that age (β: −1.069, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.109, −0.029), sex (β: −29.973, 95% CI: −56.512, −3.433), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI; β: 0.197, 95% CI: 0.039, 0.354), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) (β: −0.476, 95% CI: −0.879, −0.074), and attack time (β: 11.125, 95% CI: 7.963, 14.287) were significantly associated with admission PLC. Admission PLC increased with attack time up to the 3 days (β: 16.2, 95% CI: 12.1, 20.2). Conclusions: We found that increasing age, male patients, patients with lower serum levels of TFPI and higher serum levels of FDP, and patients with a shorter attack time were significantly associated with lower PLC at admission. Moreover, the turning point of attack time is 3 days after the onset of dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakai Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Cardiology surgery, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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103
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Campbell RA, Schwertz H, Hottz ED, Rowley JW, Manne BK, Washington AV, Hunter-Mellado R, Tolley ND, Christensen M, Eustes AS, Montenont E, Bhatlekar S, Ventrone CH, Kirkpatrick BD, Pierce KK, Whitehead SS, Diehl SA, Bray PF, Zimmerman GA, Kosaka Y, Bozza PT, Bozza FA, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT. Human megakaryocytes possess intrinsic antiviral immunity through regulated induction of IFITM3. Blood 2019; 133:2013-2026. [PMID: 30723081 PMCID: PMC6509546 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-873984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolving evidence indicates that platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) have unexpected activities in inflammation and infection; whether viral infections upregulate biologically active, antiviral immune genes in platelets and MKs is unknown, however. We examined antiviral immune genes in these cells in dengue and influenza infections, viruses that are global public health threats. Using complementary biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we examined the regulation and function of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), an antiviral immune effector gene not previously studied in human platelets and MKs. IFITM3 was markedly upregulated in platelets isolated from patients during clinical influenza and dengue virus (DENV) infections. Lower IFITM3 expression in platelets correlated with increased illness severity and mortality in patients. Administering a live, attenuated DENV vaccine to healthy subjects significantly increased platelet IFITM3 expression. Infecting human MKs with DENV selectively increased type I interferons and IFITM3. Overexpression of IFITM3 in MKs was sufficient to prevent DENV infection. In naturally occurring, genetic loss-of-function studies, MKs from healthy subjects harboring a homozygous mutation in IFITM3 (rs12252-C, a common single-nucleotide polymorphism in areas of the world where DENV is endemic) were significantly more susceptible to DENV infection. DENV-induced MK secretion of interferons prevented infection of bystander MKs and hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, viral infections upregulate IFITM3 in human platelets and MKs, and IFITM3 expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. These observations establish, for the first time, that human MKs possess antiviral functions, preventing DENV infection of MKs and hematopoietic stem cells after local immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hansjorg Schwertz
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas and
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - A Valance Washington
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Robert Hunter-Mellado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Neal D Tolley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Alicia S Eustes
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emilie Montenont
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Seema Bhatlekar
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Cassandra H Ventrone
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Kristen K Pierce
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Paul F Bray
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas and
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
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104
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Hottz ED, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Valls-de-Souza R, Zimmerman GA, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelet function in HIV plus dengue coinfection associates with reduced inflammation and milder dengue illness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7096. [PMID: 31068600 PMCID: PMC6506591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected subjects under virological control still exhibit a persistent proinflammatory state. Thus, chronic HIV infection changes the host homeostasis towards an adapted immune response that may affect the outcome of coinfections. However, little is known about the impact of HIV infection on inflammatory amplification and clinical presentation in dengue. Platelets have been shown to participate in immune response in dengue and HIV. We hypothesized that altered platelet responses in HIV-infected subjects may contribute to altered inflammatory milieu and disease progression in dengue. We prospectively followed a cohort of 84 DENV-infected patients of whom 29 were coinfected with HIV under virological control. We report that dengue and HIV coinfection progress with reduced inflammation and milder disease progression with lower risk of vascular instability. Even though the degree of thrombocytopenia and platelet activation were similar between dengue-infected and HIV plus dengue-coinfected patients, plasma levels of the platelet-derived chemokines RANTES/CCL5 and PF4/CXCL4 were lower in coinfection. Consistently, platelets from coinfected patients presented defective secretion of the stored-chemokines PF4 and RANTES, but not newly synthesized IL-1β, when cultured ex vivo. These data indicate that platelets from HIV-infected subjects release lower levels of chemokines during dengue illness, which may contribute to milder clinical presentation during coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de análise de glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratório de análise de glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valls-de-Souza
- Laboratório de doenças febrís agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOr), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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105
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Early Blood Biomarkers to Improve Sepsis/Bacteremia Diagnostics in Pediatric Emergency Settings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040099. [PMID: 30974881 PMCID: PMC6524067 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Early recognition and treatment are essential for preventing progression to lethal outcomes. CRP and Complete Blood Count (CBC) are the initial preferred tests to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Specific early diagnostic markers are still missing. Aim: To investigate diagnostic value of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet-MPV ratio (PLT/MPV) to distinguish sepsis/bacteremia and viral infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of case records of 115 children from 1 month to 5 years of age. All cases were divided into two groups-sepsis/bacteremia (n = 68) and viral (n = 47) patients, and further subdivided according to the time of arrival into early or late (≤12 or 12-48 h post the onset of fever, respectively). Analysis of CBC and CRP results was performed. NLR and PLT/MPV were calculated. Results: Sepsis/bacteremia group demonstrated higher absolute platelets count (370.15 ± 134.65 × 10⁸/L versus 288.91 ± 107.14 × 10⁸/L; p = 0.001), NLR (2.69 ± 2.03 versus 1.83 ± 1.70; p = 0.006), and PLT/MPV (41.42 ± 15.86 versus 33.45 ± 17.97; p = 0.001). PLT/MPV was increased in early arrival sepsis/bacteremia infants (42.70 ± 8.57 versus 31.01 ± 8.21; p = 0.008). NLR and MPV were significantly lower in infants (≤12 months) with viral infection on late arrival (1.16 ± 1.06 versus 1.90 ± 1.25, p = 0.025 for NLR and 8.94 ± 0.95fl versus 9.44 ± 0.85fl, p = 0.046 for MPV). Conclusion: Together with standard blood biomarkers, such as CRP, neutrophils, or platelets count, PLT/MPV is a promising biomarker for clinical practice to help discriminate between viral disease or sepsis/bacteremia in all children, especially in early onset of symptoms. NLR and MPV could support exclusion of sepsis/bacteremia in late arrival cases.
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106
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Petrus AT, Lighezan DL, Danila MD, Duicu OM, Sturza A, Muntean DM, Ionita I. Assessment of platelet respiration as emerging biomarker of disease. Physiol Res 2019; 68:347-363. [PMID: 30904011 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently acknowledged as a central pathomechanism of most common diseases of the 21(st) century. Recently, the assessment of the bioenergetic profile of human peripheral blood cells has emerged as a novel research field with potential applications in the development of disease biomarkers. In particular, platelets have been successfully used for the ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in several acute and chronic pathologies. An increasing number of studies support the idea that evaluation of the bioenergetic function in circulating platelets may represent the peripheral signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolically active tissues (brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle). Accordingly, impairment of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral platelets might have potential clinical applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic tool as well as a biomarker in treatment monitoring. The aim of this minireview is to summarize current information in the field of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Petrus
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania and Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.
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107
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Sotiri I, Robichaud M, Lee D, Braune S, Gorbet M, Ratner BD, Brash JL, Latour RA, Reviakine I. BloodSurf 2017: News from the blood-biomaterial frontier. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:55-60. [PMID: 30660001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From stents and large-diameter vascular grafts, to mechanical heart valves and blood pumps, blood-contacting devices are enjoying significant clinical success owing to the application of systemic antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies. On the contrary, research into material and device hemocompatibility aimed at alleviating the need for systemic therapies has suffered a decline. This research area is undergoing a renaissance fueled by recent fundamental insights into coagulation and inflammation that are offering new avenues of investigation, the growing recognition of the limitations facing existing therapeutic approaches, and the severity of the cardiovascular disorders epidemic. This Opinion article discusses clinical needs for hemocompatible materials and the emerging research directions for fulfilling those needs. Based on the 2017 BloodSurf conference that brought together clinicians, scientists, and engineers from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies, its purpose is to draw the attention of the wider clinical and scientific community to stimulate further growth. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The article highlights recent fundamental insights into coagulation, inflammation, and blood-biomaterial interactions that are fueling a renaissance in the field of material hemocompatibility. It will be useful for clinicians, scientists, engineers, representatives of industry and regulatory bodies working on the problem of developing hemocompatible materials and devices for treating cardiovascular disorders.
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108
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Riswari SF, Tunjungputri RN, Kullaya V, Garishah FM, Utari GSR, Farhanah N, Overheul GJ, Alisjahbana B, Gasem MH, Urbanus RT, de Groot PG, Lefeber DJ, van Rij RP, van der Ven A, de Mast Q. Desialylation of platelets induced by Von Willebrand Factor is a novel mechanism of platelet clearance in dengue. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007500. [PMID: 30849118 PMCID: PMC6426266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction are commonly observed in patients with dengue virus (DENV) infection and may contribute to complications such as bleeding and plasma leakage. The etiology of dengue-associated thrombocytopenia is multifactorial and includes increased platelet clearance. The binding of the coagulation protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) to the platelet membrane and removal of sialic acid (desialylation) are two well-known mechanisms of platelet clearance, but whether these conditions also contribute to thrombocytopenia in dengue infection is unknown. In two observational cohort studies in Bandung and Jepara, Indonesia, we show that adult patients with dengue not only had higher plasma concentrations of plasma VWF antigen and active VWF, but that circulating platelets had also bound more VWF to their membrane. The amount of platelet-VWF binding correlated well with platelet count. Furthermore, sialic acid levels in dengue patients were significantly reduced as assessed by the binding of Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL-II) to platelets. Sialic acid on the platelet membrane is neuraminidase-labile, but dengue virus has no known neuraminidase activity. Indeed, no detectable activity of neuraminidase was present in plasma of dengue patients and no desialylation was found of plasma transferrin. Platelet sialylation was also not altered by in vitro exposure of platelets to DENV nonstructural protein 1 or cultured DENV. In contrast, induction of binding of VWF to glycoprotein 1b on platelets using the VWF-activating protein ristocetin resulted in the removal of platelet sialic acid by translocation of platelet neuraminidase to the platelet surface. The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir reduced VWF-induced platelet desialylation. Our data demonstrate that excessive binding of VWF to platelets in dengue results in neuraminidase-mediated platelet desialylation and platelet clearance. Oseltamivir might be a novel treatment option for severe thrombocytopenia in dengue infection. Dengue is the most common arbovirus infection in the world. A decrease in the number of blood platelets is an almost universal finding in severe dengue. Binding of the coagulation protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and loss of sialic acid residues from the platelet membrane are two main mechanisms of clearance of senescent platelets under non-pathological conditions. Here, we show that platelets from patients with acute dengue have bound more VWF and have lost sialic acid from their membrane. Sialic acid can be cleaved by the enzyme neuraminidase. We show that neuraminidase activity in the plasma is not increased and that neither dengue virus itself nor nonstructural protein 1, a protein secreted by dengue virus, cleave sialic acid from the platelet membrane. In contrast, binding of VWF to platelets results in translocation of neuraminidase to the platelet membrane and subsequent cleavage of sialic acid. This process could be inhibited by the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, a commonly used anti-influenza drug. Altogether, our results indicate that VWF binding to platelets is increased in dengue infection, leading to the removal of sialic acid and platelet clearance. Oseltamivir may prevent this process and thus represent a novel treatment option for low platelet numbers in dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvita Fitri Riswari
- Clinical Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N. Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Vesla Kullaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Fadel M. Garishah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gloria S. R. Utari
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farhanah
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gijs J. Overheul
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Clinical Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - M. Hussein Gasem
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Disease (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rolf T. Urbanus
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip. G. de Groot
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. van Rij
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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109
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. The Birth and Death of Platelets in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:225-234. [PMID: 29638183 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are involved in a wide range of physiological responses and pathological processes. Recent studies have considerably advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of platelet production and clearance, revealing new connections between the birth and death of these tiny, abundant cells. Key insights have also been gained into how physiological challenges such as inflammation, infection, and chemotherapy can affect megakaryocytes, the cells that produce platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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110
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PI3K/AKT and CD40L Signaling Regulate Platelet Activation and Endothelial Cell Damage in Sepsis. Inflammation 2019; 41:1815-1824. [PMID: 29956071 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contribute to inflammation and their activation has been suggested as versatile effectors of sepsis. Activation of platelets promotes secretion of CD40L that induces sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). However, the mechanisms regulate platelet-derived CD40L are not fully understood. Activation of PI3K/Akt pathway has been reported as a key component of sepsis, whereas the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in platelet-derived CD40L is unknown. In this study, we identified PI3K/Akt pathway as a key regulator of CD40L secretion by platelets. Significantly, inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by Ly294002 attenuated platelet activation and CD40L production. Moreover, PI3K/Akt pathway blocking suppresses vascular endothelial cells in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of biomarkers that represent the severity of sepsis, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, was also suppressed by Ly294002. Altogether, our results confirm the pivotal role of PI3K/Akt pathway in sepsis and its inhibition might be a potential therapeutic target.
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111
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Rondina MT, Zimmerman GA. The Role of Platelets in Inflammation. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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112
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Esiaba I, Angeles DM, Milford TAM, Salto LM, Payne KJ, Kidder MY, Boskovic DS. Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions Are Lower in Cord Blood of Premature Newborns. Neonatology 2019; 115:149-155. [PMID: 30481769 PMCID: PMC6559727 DOI: 10.1159/000494103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify platelet-neutrophil interaction by flow cytometry, in newborn cord blood, as a function of gestational age. RATIONALE Little is known about platelet function markers in the newborn, and developmental variations in these markers are not well described. METHODS Cord blood samples were obtained from 64 newborns between 23 and 40 weeks' gestation. The neonates were grouped into three categories: preterm (< 34 weeks' gestation, n = 21), late preterm (34 to < 37 weeks' gestation, n = 22), and term (≥37 weeks' gestation, n = 21). We monitored the expression of P-selectin and the formation of platelet-neutrophil aggregates (PNAs) by flow cytometry while using adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) as agonists. RESULTS PNAs were significantly lower in preterm compared to term neonates after TRAP or ADP stimulations (11.5 ± 5.2% vs. 19.9 ± 9.1%, p < 0.001, or 24.0 ± 10.1% vs. 39.1 ± 18.2%, p = 0.008, respectively). The expression of P-selectin also tended to be lower in preterm neonates, with significant positive correlations between P-selectin expression and PNA formation. CONCLUSIONS The potential formation of PNAs correlates with gestational age. This suggests that the development of functional competencies of platelets and neutrophils continues throughout gestation, progressively enabling interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Esiaba
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Danilyn M Angeles
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Terry-Ann M Milford
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lorena M Salto
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Melissa Y Kidder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA, .,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA,
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113
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An increase in mean platelet volume during admission can predict the prognoses of patients with pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208715. [PMID: 30533065 PMCID: PMC6289458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. Mean platelet volume (MPV), considered a marker of platelet function and activation, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in sepsis, coronary artery disease, and chronic inflammatory disease. However, the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of MPV changes for patients with pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) have not been investigated. This retrospective study was conducted using data from an operational database of patients admitted to a medical ICU between October 2010 and October 2017. Of 235 adult patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU, clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality values were compared according to MPV, ΔMPVday1–2, ΔMPVday1–3, ΔMPVday1–4, and ΔMPVday1–Discharge between those who survived and those who did not. The MPV increased during the first four days for both non-survivors and survivors (P < 0.001). However, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significantly higher MPV rate over the first four days in non-survivors than in survivors. Additionally, the ΔMPVday1–2, ΔMPVday1–3, ΔMPVday1–4, and ΔMPVday1–Discharge values were significantly greater in non-survivors than in survivors. For in-hospital mortality, the optimal ΔMPV values were >0.9 fL, P = 0.020; >0.9 fL, P < 0.001; >0.8 fL, P < 0.001; and >1.3 fL, P < 0.001 on day 2, day 3, day 4, and at discharge, respectively. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that ΔMPV during ICU admission may be used as a prognostic marker of mortality in ICU patients with pneumonia. Repeated MPV measurements throughout hospitalization may improve risk stratification for these patients, which could aid in improving patient outcomes.
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114
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Citrullinated Histone H3: Early Biomarker of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Septic Liver Damage. J Surg Res 2018; 234:132-138. [PMID: 30527465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in host defense, but excess and prolonged interaction of NETs with platelets can cause severe inflammation and host organ damage. Modification of histone H3 by citrullination is involved in in vitro NET formation. The phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, cilostazol (Ciz), which has a protective effect on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and inhibits platelet aggregation, may prevent organ damage caused by excess NETosis. In this study, we investigated whether citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) could serve as a biomarker for the detection of critical liver damage in sepsis and the efficacy of phosphodiesterase-III inhibition for preventing the liver dysfunction induced by NETosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg) were used as a sepsis model with or without treatment with Ciz (200 mg/kg). H3Cit, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil elastase levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated H3Cit-positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that H3Cit-, neutrophil elastase-, and myeloperoxidase-positive cell numbers in the livers peaked at 12 h after LPS administration. However, flow cytometry showed a significant increase in H3Cit-positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood only 4 h after LPS injection. Treatment with Ciz significantly ameliorated all parameters. CONCLUSIONS H3Cit is a useful biomarker for early detection of NETosis or liver dysfunction, and Ciz may be an effective treatment for septic liver damage.
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115
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Mesquita EC, Hottz ED, Amancio RT, Carneiro AB, Palhinha L, Coelho LE, Grinsztejn B, Zimmerman GA, Rondina MT, Weyrich AS, Bozza PT, Bozza FA. Persistent platelet activation and apoptosis in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14999. [PMID: 30301959 PMCID: PMC6178345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic events became major clinical problems in the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. Although the precise mechanisms behind these clinical problems have not been fully elucidated, a persistent pro-inflammatory state plays a central role. As platelets play important roles on both, thrombus formation and inflammatory/immune response, we aimed at investigating platelet function in HIV-infected subjects virologically controlled through cART. We evaluate parameters of activation, mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis pathways in platelets from 30 HIV-infected individuals under stable cART and 36 healthy volunteers. Despite viral control achieved through cART, HIV-infected individuals exhibited increased platelet activation as indicated by P-selectin expression and platelet spreading when adhered on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Platelets from HIV-infected subjects also exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptosis pathways. Finally, thrombin stimuli induced lower levels of P-selectin translocation and RANTES secretion, but not TXA2 synthesis, in platelets from HIV-infected individuals compared to control; and labeling of platelet alpha granules showed reduced granule content in platelets from HIV-infected individuals when compared to healthy subjects. In summary, platelets derived from HIV-infected individuals under stable cART exhibit a phenotype of increased activation, activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and undermined granule secretion in response to thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emersom C Mesquita
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Amancio
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alan B Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lara E Coelho
- Laboratório de HIV, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Laboratório de HIV, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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116
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Lee CH, Hsieh MJ, Liu KS, Cheng CW, Chang SH, Liu SJ, Wang CJ, Hsu MY, Hung KC, Yeh YH, Chen WJ, Hsieh IC, Juang JH, Wen MS. Promoting vascular healing using nanofibrous ticagrelor-eluting stents. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6039-6048. [PMID: 30323591 PMCID: PMC6179723 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s166785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The current treatment of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease with limus-eluting stents can lead to incomplete endothelialization and substantial impairment of arterial healing relative to treatment with bare-metal stents. The sustained and local delivery of ticagrelor, a reversibly binding P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, using hybrid biodegradable nanofibers/stents, was developed to reduce neointimal formation and endothelial dysfunction. Methods In this investigation, a solution of ticagrelor, poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolide, and hexafluoro isopropanol was electrospun to fabricate ticagrelor-eluting nanofibrous drug-eluting stents. The in vitro and in vivo ticagrelor concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The effectiveness of ticagrelor-eluting stents was examined relative to that of sirolimus-eluting stents. Results Adequate ticagrelor levels were detected for four weeks in vitro. Less HES5-positive labeling was found near the ticagrelor-eluting stented vessels (0.33±0.12) than close to the sirolimus-eluting stented vessels (0.57±0.15) (p<0.05). Four weeks after deployment, the ticagrelor-eluting stent also exhibited an up-regulated local expression of SOD1 in the stenting area (p<0.001). The ticagrelor-eluting stent substantially preserved endothelial function and re-endothelialization, minimized inflammatory responses, and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. Conclusion Ticagrelor-eluting stents may provide an alternative route for treating patients at a high risk of bleeding to preserve endothelial recovery and to reduce smooth muscle proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan,
| | - Che-Wei Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan,
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan,
| | - Chao-Jan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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117
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Desialylation of Platelets by Pneumococcal Neuraminidase A Induces ADP-Dependent Platelet Hyperreactivity. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00213-18. [PMID: 30037798 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00213-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are increasingly recognized to play a role in the complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. S. pneumoniae expresses neuraminidases, which may alter glycans on the platelet surface. In the present study, we investigated the capability of pneumococcal neuraminidase A (NanA) to remove sialic acid (desialylation) from the platelet surface, the consequences for the platelet activation status and reactivity, and the ability of neuraminidase inhibitors to prevent these effects. Our results show that soluble NanA induces platelet desialylation. Whereas desialylation itself did not induce platelet activation (P-selectin expression and platelet fibrinogen binding), platelets became hyperreactive to ex vivo stimulation by ADP and cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL). Platelet aggregation with leukocytes also increased. These processes were dependent on the ADP pathway, as inhibitors of the pathway (apyrase and ticagrelor) abrogated platelet hyperreactivity. Inhibition of NanA-induced platelet desialylation by neuraminidase inhibitors (e.g., oseltamivir acid) also prevented the platelet effects of NanA. Collectively, our findings show that soluble NanA can desialylate platelets, leading to platelet hyperreactivity, which can be prevented by neuraminidase inhibitors.
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118
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Haynes A, Linden MD, Robey E, Naylor LH, Ainslie PN, Cox KL, Lautenschlager NT, Green DJ. Beneficial impacts of regular exercise on platelet function in sedentary older adults: evidence from a randomized 6-mo walking trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:401-408. [PMID: 29648514 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00079.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation, including the formation of monocyte platelet aggregates (MPAs), contributes to atherosclerosis, thrombus formation, and acute coronary syndromes. Regular participation in exercise can lower cardiovascular risk, but little is known regarding the impact of exercise training on platelet function. We investigated the effect of 6 mo of walking exercise on platelet function in sedentary older adults without significant cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven participants were randomly allocated to 6 mo of either: no-exercise ( n = 13) or 3 × 50 min/wk of supervised center-based walking ( n = 14). Circulating and agonist-induced MPAs were assessed using flow cytometry before [ month 0 (0M)] and after [ month 6 (6M)] the intervention. Circulating MPAs increased from 0M (3.7 ± 1.0%) to 6M (4.7 ± 1.6%) in the no-exercise group ( P = 0.009), whereas a nonsignificant decrease was observed in the walking group (0M 4.3 ± 1.7 vs. 6M 3.7 ± 1.2 %, P = 0.052). The change in MPAs between groups was significant ( P = 0.001). There were no differences between groups in platelet responses to agonists across the interventions (all P > 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that the absence of regular exercise may increase MPAs, which are cellular mediators involved in atherosclerosis, while regular walking inhibits such increases. The thrombotic function of platelets appears to be relatively unaltered by exercise training. This study provides novel data related to the cardioprotective effects associated with participation in exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Monocyte-platelet aggregates contribute to atherosclerosis and exercise can lower cardiovascular risk. This is the first study to discover that a lack of regular physical activity is associated with increased monocyte-platelet aggregates over a 6-mo intervention period. In contrast, walking exercise inhibits increased monocyte-platelet aggregates in the circulation. This study highlights a novel pathway by which regular participation in exercise exerts its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haynes
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Elisa Robey
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lund and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, The University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Kay L Cox
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia.,School of Medicine (Royal Perth Hospital Unit), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria , Australia.,School of Clinical Neurosciences and the Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia.,Principal Research Fellow, National Health and Medical Research Council , Australia
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119
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Dengue Virus Induces the Release of sCD40L and Changes in Levels of Membranal CD42b and CD40L Molecules in Human Platelets. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070357. [PMID: 29976871 PMCID: PMC6071282 DOI: 10.3390/v10070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are considered as significant players in innate and adaptive immune responses. The adhesion molecules they express, including P-selectin, CD40L, and CD42b, facilitate interactions with many cellular effectors. Upon interacting with a pathogen, platelets rapidly express and enhance their adhesion molecules, and secrete cytokines and chemokines. A similar phenomenon occurs after exposure of platelets to thrombin, an agonist extensively used for in vitro activation of these cells. It was recently reported that the dengue virus not only interacts with platelets but possibly infects them, which triggers an increased expression of adhesion molecule P-selectin as well as secretion of IL-1β. In the present study, surface molecules of platelets like CD40L, CD42b, CD62P, and MHC class I were evaluated at 4 h of interaction with dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), finding that DENV-2 induced a sharp rise in the membrane expression of all these molecules. At 2 and 4 h of DENV-2 stimulation of platelets, a significantly greater secretion of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) was found (versus basal levels) as well as cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Compared to basal, DENV-2 elicited more than two-fold increase in these cytokines. Compared to the thrombin-induced response, the level generated by DENV-2 was much higher for GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNF-α. All these events induced by DENV end up in conspicuous morphological changes observed in platelets by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, very different from those elicited by thrombin in a more physiological scenery.
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120
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Middleton EA, Rondina MT, Schwertz H, Zimmerman GA. Amicus or Adversary Revisited: Platelets in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:18-35. [PMID: 29553813 PMCID: PMC6039872 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0420tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential cellular effectors of hemostasis and contribute to disease as circulating effectors of pathologic thrombosis. These are their most widely known biologic activities. Nevertheless, recent observations demonstrate that platelets have a much more intricate repertoire beyond these traditional functions and that they are specialized for contributions to vascular barrier integrity, organ repair, antimicrobial host defense, inflammation, and activities across the immune continuum. Paradoxically, on the basis of clinical investigations and animal models of disease, some of these newly discovered activities of platelets appear to contribute to tissue injury. Studies in the last decade indicate unique interactions of platelets and their precursor, the megakaryocyte, in the lung and implicate platelets as essential effectors in experimental acute lung injury and clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome. Additional discoveries derived from evolving work will be required to precisely define the contributions of platelets to complex subphenotypes of acute lung injury and to determine if these remarkable and versatile blood cells are therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Middleton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hansjorg Schwertz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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121
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Pan X, Lu J, Cheng W, Yang Y, Zhu J, Jin M. Independent factors related to preoperative acute lung injury in 130 adults undergoing Stanford type-A acute aortic dissection surgery: a single-center cross-sectional clinical study. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4413-4423. [PMID: 30174890 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous retrospective study suggested that acute lung injury (ALI) is frequent (78.49%) in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery, and accompanied by a number of untoward consequences, and even induces death. Methods This prospective single-center cross-sectional study, registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01894334), assessed the preoperative clinical variables and serological results from 130 adult patients scheduled for Stanford type-A acute aortic dissection (AAD) surgery at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2013 and July 2014. Exclusion criteria included patients with coronary heart disease, severe heart failure, severe cardiac tamponade and severe nervous system abnormalities. Preoperative ALI was identified according to oxygenation index (OI) calculated by PaO2/FiO2 ratio after anesthesia induction, and all the patients were divided into two groups: non-ALI (OI ≥300 mmHg) and ALI (OI <300 mmHg). The primary endpoint was the incidence of preoperative ALI. The secondary endpoints were the independent factors affecting the occurrence of preoperative ALI. Results The incidence of preoperative ALI was 53.8%. With adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis, age [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.22; P=0.0002], body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.31, CI, 1.09-1.56; P=0.0033), preoperative diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR 0.94, CI, 0.89-0.99; P=0.0109), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (OR 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; P=0.0053), and prostaglandin I2/thromboxane B2 (PGI2/TXB2) ratio (OR 0.25, 95% CI, 0.09-0.67; P=0.0055) were significantly related to the occurrence of preoperative ALI. The decreased risk of ALI was related to the preoperative DBP value up to 44 mmHg (OR 0.935, 95% CI, 0.895-0.978; P=0.0033). Interactions analysis revealed that serum lactic acid mediated the relationship between DBP and ALI before Stanford type-A AAD surgery. Conclusions In adults undergoing Stanford type-A AAD surgery, the incidence of preoperative ALI was 53.8%, and age, BMI, preoperative DBP, IL-6, and PGI2/TXB2 ratio were independent factors related to the occurrence of pre-operative ALI. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01894334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Pan
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100000, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jiakai Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100000, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
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Abdulnour REE, Gunderson T, Barkas I, Timmons JY, Barnig C, Gong M, Kor DJ, Gajic O, Talmor D, Carter RE, Levy BD. Early Intravascular Events Are Associated with Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Substudy of the LIPS-A Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1575-1585. [PMID: 29782179 PMCID: PMC6006404 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2530oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating illness with limited therapeutic options. A better understanding of early biochemical and immunological events in ARDS could inform the development of new preventive and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVES To determine select peripheral blood lipid mediator and leukocyte responses in patients at risk for ARDS. METHODS Patients at risk for ARDS were randomized as part of a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial of aspirin versus placebo (the LIPS-A [Lung Injury Prevention Study with Aspirin] trial; NCT01504867). Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4, ATL), and peripheral blood leukocyte number and activation were determined on enrollment and after treatment with either aspirin or placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thirty-three of 367 subjects (9.0%) developed ARDS after randomization. Baseline ATL levels, total monocyte counts, intermediate monocyte counts, and monocyte-platelet aggregates were associated with the development of ARDS. Peripheral blood neutrophil count and monocyte-platelet aggregates significantly decreased over time. Of note, nine subjects developed ARDS after randomization yet before study drug initiation, including seven subjects assigned to aspirin treatment. Subjects without ARDS at the time of first dose demonstrated a lower incidence of ARDS with aspirin treatment. Compared with placebo, aspirin significantly decreased TXB2 and increased the ATL/TXB2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of intravascular monocyte activation in at-risk patients were associated with development of ARDS. The potential clinical benefit of early aspirin for prevention of ARDS remains uncertain. Together, results of the biochemical and immunological analyses provide a window into the early pathogenesis of human ARDS and represent potential vascular biomarkers of ARDS risk. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01504867).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja-Elie E. Abdulnour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina Gunderson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | - Ioanna Barkas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Y. Timmons
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy Barnig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Michelle Gong
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Healthcare Center, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Daryl J. Kor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Talmor
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rickey E. Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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123
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Middleton EA, Zimmerman GA. Early Returns in Vascular Inflammation in ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1514-1516. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0670ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Middleton
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City, Utahand
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City, Utahand
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City, Utah
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124
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Palankar R, Kohler TP, Krauel K, Wesche J, Hammerschmidt S, Greinacher A. Platelets kill bacteria by bridging innate and adaptive immunity via platelet factor 4 and FcγRIIA. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1187-1197. [PMID: 29350833 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Human platelets specifically interact with IgG opsonized bacteria through FcγRIIA. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) binds to polyanions (P) and undergoes a conformational change. Anti-PF4/P IgG opsonizes PF4-coated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Platelets specifically kill E.coli opsonized with PF4 and human anti-PF4/P IgG. SUMMARY Background Activated platelets release the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) stored in their granules. PF4 binds to polyanions (P) on bacteria, undergoes a conformational change and exposes neoepitopes. These neoepitopes induce production of anti-PF4/P antibodies. As PF4 binds to a variety of bacteria, anti-PF4/P IgG can bind and opsonize several bacterial species. Objective Here we investigated whether platelets are able to kill bacteria directly after recognizing anti-PF4/P IgG opsonized bacteria in the presence of PF4 via their FcγRIIA. Methods Using platelet-bacteria suspension co-culture experiments and micropatterns with immobilized viable bacteria, in combination with pharmacological inhibitors and human anti- PF4/P IgG we analyzed the role of platelet-mediated killing of bacteria. Results In the presence of PF4, human anti-PF4/P IgG and platelets, E. coli killing (> 50%) with colony forming units (CFU mL-1 ) 0.71 × 104 ± 0.19 was observed compared with controls incubated only with anti-PF4/P IgG (CFU mL-1 3.4 × 104 ± 0.38). Blocking of platelet FcγRIIA using mAb IV.3 (CFU mL-1 2.5 × 104 ± 0.45), or integrin αIIbβ3 (CFU mL-1 2.26 × 104 ± 0.31), or disruption of cytoskeletal functions (CFU mL-1 2.7 × 104 ± 0.4) markedly reduced E. coli killing by this mechanism. Our observation of E. coli killing by platelets on micropatterned arrays is compatible with the model that platelets kill bacteria by covering them, actively concentrating them into the area under their granulomere and then releasing antimicrobial substances of platelet α-granules site directed towards bacteria. Conclusion These findings collectively indicate that by bridging of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, platelets and anti-PF4/polyanion antibodies cooperate in an antibacterial host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palankar
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T P Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Krauel
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Wesche
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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125
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Hottz ED, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:121. [PMID: 29761104 PMCID: PMC5936789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation, platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Activated platelets have key thromboinflammatory functions linking coagulation to immune responses in various infections, including in response to virus. Recent studies have revealed that platelets exhibit several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including those from the toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor family and are first-line sentinels in detecting and responding to pathogens in the vasculature. Here, we review the main mechanisms of platelets interaction with viruses, including their ability to sustain viral infection and replication, their expression of specialized PRR, and activation of thromboinflammatory responses against viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of platelet-derived mediators and platelet interaction with vascular and immune cells in protective and pathophysiologic responses to dengue, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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126
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Claushuis TAM, Van Der Veen AIP, Horn J, Schultz MJ, Houtkooper RH, Van 't Veer C, Van Der Poll T. Platelet Toll-like receptor expression and activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and sepsis. Platelets 2018. [PMID: 29528268 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1445841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelets and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling play a role in the immune response during sepsis. Although preclinical knowledge about the role of platelet TLR signalling is increasing, data during human sepsis are less abundant. Moreover, controversy remains about the effect of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on platelet activation. We therefore assessed platelet TLR expression during human and murine sepsis. Moreover, we investigated the effect of TLR4 signalling on platelet activation and TLR expression. Platelets from healthy controls stimulated with LPS did not show classical platelet activation (P-selectin, CD63 and phosphatidylserine expression), potentiation of subthreshold agonist stimulation nor platelet-leukocyte complex formation. LPS stimulation however did increase maximal mitochondrial respiration in a TLR4-dependent manner. Platelet stimulation with LPS did not alter TLR expression. Platelet stimulation with thrombin receptor activating peptide increased TLR5 and TLR9, but not TLR2 or TLR4 expression. Platelets from patients with sepsis and mice with experimental sepsis showed platelet activation, but unaltered TLR expression. These results indicate that sepsis-induced platelet activation is not associated with altered platelet TLR expression and, although platelets are responsive to LPS, stimulation of platelet TLR4 does not result in classical platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A M Claushuis
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Annelou I P Van Der Veen
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Horn
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- b Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- c Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Van 't Veer
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van Der Poll
- a Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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127
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From blood coagulation to innate and adaptive immunity: the role of platelets in the physiology and pathology of autoimmune disorders. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:959-974. [PMID: 29492586 PMCID: PMC5954012 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis and cardiovascular complications are common manifestations of a variety of pathological conditions, including infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. Hence, there is great interest in determining the hitherto unforeseen immune role of the main blood coagulation executor-the platelet. Platelets store and release a plethora of immunoactive molecules, generate microparticles, and interact with cells classically belonging to the immune system. The observed effects of platelet involvement in immune processes, especially in autoimmune diseases, are conflicting-from inciting inflammation to mediating its resolution. An in-depth understanding of the role of platelets in inflammation and immunity could open new therapeutic pathways for patients with autoimmune disorders. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the role of platelets in the patomechanisms of autoimmune disorders and suggests directions for future research.
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128
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129
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Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The Role of Inflammation in Venous Thromboembolism. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:142. [PMID: 29876337 PMCID: PMC5974100 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE), is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics, particularly among hospitalized children. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that suggests the inflammatory response may be a cause, as well as consequence, of VTE, but current anticoagulation treatment regimens are not designed to inhibit inflammation. In fact, many established clinical VTE risk factors such as surgery, obesity, cystic fibrosis, sepsis, systemic infection, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and lupus likely modulate thrombosis through inflammatory mediators. Unlike other traumatic mechanisms of thrombosis involving vascular transection and subsequent exposure of subendothelial collagen and other procoagulant extracellular matrix materials, inflammation of the vessel wall may initiate thrombosis on an intact vein. Activation of endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes with subsequent formation of microparticles can trigger the coagulation system through the induction of tissue factor (TF). Identification of biomarkers to evaluate VTE risk could be of great use to the clinician caring for a patient with inflammatory disease to guide decisions regarding the risk:benefit ratio of various types of potential thromboprophylaxis strategies, or suggest a role for anti-inflammatory therapy. Unfortunately, no such validated inflammatory scoring system yet exists, though research in this area is ongoing. Elevation of C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha during a response to systemic inflammation have been associated with increased VTE risk. Consequent platelet activation enhances the prothrombotic state, leading to VTE development, particularly in patients with other risk factors, most notably central venous catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Branchford
- University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Pediatric Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Shannon L Carpenter
- Kansas City Regional Hemophilia Treatment Center, Pediatric Hematology, UMKC School of Medicine and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas, CO, United States
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130
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Scopel-Guerra A, Olivera-Severo D, Staniscuaski F, Uberti AF, Callai-Silva N, Jaeger N, Porto BN, Carlini CR. The Impact of Helicobacter pylori Urease upon Platelets and Consequent Contributions to Inflammation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2447. [PMID: 29312166 PMCID: PMC5733092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori is considered a risk factor for gastric and duodenal cancer, and extragastric diseases. Previous data have shown that, in a non-enzymatic way, H. pylori urease (HPU) activates neutrophils to produce ROS and also induces platelet aggregation, requiring ADP secretion modulated by the 12-lipoxygenase pathway, a signaling cascade also triggered by the physiological agonist collagen. Here we investigated further the effects on platelets of recombinant versions of the holoenzyme HPU, and of its two subunits (HpUreA and HpUreB). Although HpUreA had no aggregating activity on platelets, it partially inhibited collagen-induced aggregation. HpUreB induced platelet aggregation in the nanomolar range, and also interfered dose-dependently on both collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. HPU-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by antibodies against glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main collagen receptor in platelets. Flow cytometry analysis revealed exposure of P-selectin in HPU-activated platelets. Anti-glycoprotein IIbIIIa (GPIIbIIIa) antibodies increased the binding of FITC-labeled HPU to activated platelets, whereas anti-GPVI did not. Evaluation of post-transcriptional events in HPU-activated platelets revealed modifications in the pre-mRNA processing of pro-inflammatory proteins, with increased levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1β and CD14. We concluded that HPU activates platelets probably through its HpUreB subunit. Activation of platelets by HPU turns these cells into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, our data suggest that H. pylori urease, besides allowing bacterial survival within the gastric mucosa, may have an important, and so far overlooked, role in gastric inflammation mediated by urease-activated neutrophils and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Scopel-Guerra
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deiber Olivera-Severo
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Staniscuaski
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Augusto F Uberti
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Callai-Silva
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Jaeger
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara N Porto
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celia R Carlini
- Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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131
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Dewitte A, Lepreux S, Villeneuve J, Rigothier C, Combe C, Ouattara A, Ripoche J. Blood platelets and sepsis pathophysiology: A new therapeutic prospect in critically [corrected] ill patients? Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:115. [PMID: 29192366 PMCID: PMC5709271 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond haemostasis, platelets have emerged as versatile effectors of the immune response. The contribution of platelets in inflammation, tissue integrity and defence against infections has considerably widened the spectrum of their role in health and disease. Here, we propose a narrative review that first describes these new platelet attributes. We then examine their relevance to microcirculatory alterations in multi-organ dysfunction, a major sepsis complication. Rapid progresses that are made on the knowledge of novel platelet functions should improve the understanding of thrombocytopenia, a common condition and a predictor of adverse outcome in sepsis, and may provide potential avenues for management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dewitte
- INSERM U1026, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care II, Magellan Medico-Surgical Center, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sébastien Lepreux
- INSERM U1026, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Rigothier
- INSERM U1026, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Haemodialysis, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Combe
- INSERM U1026, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Haemodialysis, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Ouattara
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care II, Magellan Medico-Surgical Center, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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132
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Platelet glycoprotein VI aids in local immunity during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Blood 2017; 131:864-876. [PMID: 29187378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-788067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and podoplanin receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) are receptors implicated in platelet activation that both signal via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Platelets are necessary for host defense and prevention of hemorrhage during sepsis, but the role of platelet GPVI and CLEC2 herein is unknown. To investigate this, we infected mice depleted of platelet GPVI or CLEC2 by antibody treatment or GPVI-/- mice with the common human sepsis pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways to induce pneumonia-derived sepsis. The GPVI ligand collagen and the CLEC2 ligand podoplanin were constitutively present in the lung, whereas the GPVI ligands fibrin and histone were induced during pneumonia. During late-stage infection, both mice depleted of GPVI and GPVI-/- mice showed increased bacterial growth in lungs, and GPVI-/- mice also showed increased bacterial growth in distant body sites. Despite higher bacterial loads, GPVI-depleted mice showed reduced platelet numbers, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte complex formation in the bronchoalveolar space. Consistently, in human whole blood, GPVI stimulation of platelets increased platelet-leukocyte complex formation and leukocyte activation, which was accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis of Klebsiella GPVI-depleted mice showed increased lung hemorrhage during infection, but not to the extent observed in platelet-depleted mice, and lung bleeding was not significantly different between GPVI-/- and wild-type mice. CLEC2 depletion did not affect any of the responses during pneumonia. These results suggest that platelet GPVI, but not CLEC2, contributes to local host defense during pneumonia-derived sepsis by enhancing leukocyte function.
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133
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Li N. CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis: Regulation by platelets. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:980-90. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory and thrombotic disease, in which both CD4+ T cells and platelets play important roles throughout all stages of atherogenesis. CD4+ T cells are the most abundant T cells present in atherosclerotic lesions. They are primarily seen as type 1 T helper (Th1) cells, while the other CD4+ T cell subsets Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells are also found in the lesions with lower frequencies. CD4+ T effector cells release various cytokines, which exert paracrine or autocrine effects among different CD4+ T cell subsets and other lesional cells and subsequently modulate inflammatory processes in the lesions. Platelets are instrumental in thrombosis and haemostasis, but also play important regulatory roles in immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The present review summarises the current knowledge and/or understanding on how platelets regulate recruitment, activation, differentiation, and cytokine production of different CD4+ T cell subsets, as well as impacts of the platelet-CD4+ T cell interactions on atherogenesis. The research perspectives of platelet-CD4+ T cell interaction in atherosclerosis are also discussed.
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134
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D'Mello C, Almishri W, Liu H, Swain MG. Interactions Between Platelets and Inflammatory Monocytes Affect Sickness Behavior in Mice With Liver Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1416-1428.e2. [PMID: 28802564 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory liver disease commonly develop debilitating symptoms, called sickness behaviors, which arise via changes in brain function. Monocytes that produce tumor necrosis factor interact with cerebral endothelial cells to activate microglial cells and promote sickness behavior. Platelets regulate inflammation, and aggregates of monocytes and platelets are increased in the circulation of patients with liver disease. We investigated the role of platelets in inducing inflammatory features of circulating monocytes and promoting sickness behaviors in mice with cholestatic liver injury. METHODS We performed bile-duct ligations or sham surgeries on C57BL/6 or toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-knockout mice to induce liver inflammation. Liver inflammation was also induced in a separate group of mice by administration of concanavalin A. Circulating platelets, aggregates of monocytes and platelets, and activation of microglial cells were measured by flow cytometry. To deplete platelets, mice were given anti-thrombocyte serum or normal rabbit serum (control) 4 days after surgery. Interactions between monocytes and cerebral endothelial cells were analyzed by intravital microscopy. Sickness behaviors were quantified based on time spent by adult mice engaging in social behaviors toward a juvenile mouse, compared with time spent in nonsocial behavior or remaining immobile. RESULTS Aggregates of monocytes and platelets in circulation of mice increased significantly following bile-duct ligation. Platelet-monocyte interactions were required for activation of inflammatory monocytes and production of tumor necrosis factor. Platelet depletion greatly reduced adhesive interactions between inflammatory monocytes and adhesive interactions with cerebral endothelial cells and activation of the microglia, as well as development of sickness behavior. Furthermore, TLR4 signaling was important for aggregation of monocytes and platelets, and development of sickness behavior following bile-duct ligation. These findings were confirmed in mice with concanavalin A-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS In mice with liver inflammation, we found TLR4 and aggregates of monocytes and platelets to regulate microglial activation and development of sickness behavior. These findings might lead to new therapeutic strategies for liver disease-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D'Mello
- Immunology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wagdi Almishri
- Immunology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongqun Liu
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Gordon Swain
- Immunology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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135
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Greco E, Lupia E, Bosco O, Vizio B, Montrucchio G. Platelets and Multi-Organ Failure in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102200. [PMID: 29053592 PMCID: PMC5666881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have received increasing attention for their role in the pathophysiology of infectious disease, inflammation, and immunity. In sepsis, a low platelet count is a well-known biomarker for disease severity and more recently authors have focused their attention on the active role of platelets in the pathogenesis of multi-organ failure. Septic shock is characterised by a dysregulated inflammatory response, which can impair the microcirculation and lead to organ injury. Being at the crossroads between the immune system, clotting cascade, and endothelial cells, platelets seem to be an appealing central mediator and possible therapeutic target in sepsis. This review focuses on the pathogenic role of platelets in septic organ dysfunction in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Greco
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrico Lupia
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Barbara Vizio
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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136
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Wojsiat J, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wojda U. Search for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in blood cells: hypotheses-driven approach. Biomark Med 2017; 11:917-931. [PMID: 28976776 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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137
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Jin M, Ma WG, Liu S, Zhu J, Sun L, Lu J, Cheng W. Predictors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Adults After Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection Repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:1580-1587. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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138
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Abstract
Despite progress in antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation and blood glucose maintenance, sepsis remains a cause of high mortality in the intensive care unit to date, there are no proven treatment strategies for the routine management of septic patients. The extensive interaction between inflammation and coagulation contributes to the basic pathophysiology of sepsis. Thus, the agents that attenuate the activation of both inflammation and coagulation may improve the outcome in sepsis. Apart from the well-known anticoagulant effects of heparin, it also possesses various immunomodulatory properties and protects glycocalyx from shedding. Hence, heparin seems to be such an agent. Immunothrombosis plays an important role in early host defence against bacterial dissemination, thus the proper timing for anticoagulant therapy should be determined. We review the available experimental and clinical data supporting the use of heparin in sepsis. At this time the use of heparin in the treatment of sepsis is conflicting. Future trials of heparin therapy for sepsis should concentrate on the very severely ill patients, in whom benefit is most likely to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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139
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A Role for CD154, the CD40 Ligand, in Granulomatous Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2982879. [PMID: 28785137 PMCID: PMC5529663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2982879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive form of chronic inflammation in which predominant cells include macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Mechanisms regulating granulomatous inflammation remain ill-understood. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is a key mediator of inflammation. CD154 confers a proinflammatory phenotype to macrophages and controls several macrophagic functions. Here, we studied the contribution of CD154 in a mouse model of toxic liver injury with carbon tetrachloride and a model of absorbable suture graft. In both models, granulomas are triggered in response to endogenous persistent liver calcified necrotic lesions or by grafted sutures. CD154-deficient mice showed delayed clearance of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver calcified necrotic lesions and impaired progression of suture-induced granuloma. In vitro, CD154 stimulated phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by macrophages, suggesting a potential mechanism for the altered granulomatous inflammation in CD154KO mice. These results suggest that CD154 may contribute to the natural history of granulomatous inflammation.
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140
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Faggio C, Sureda A, Morabito S, Sanches-Silva A, Mocan A, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Flavonoids and platelet aggregation: A brief review. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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141
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Elizondo P, Fogelson AL. A Mathematical Model of Venous Thrombosis Initiation. Biophys J 2017; 111:2722-2734. [PMID: 28002748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a mathematical model for the initiation of venous thrombosis (VT) due to slow flow and the consequent activation of the endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vein, in the absence of overt mechanical disruption of the EC layer. It includes all reactions of the tissue factor (TF) pathway of coagulation through fibrin formation, incorporates the accumulation of blood cells on activated ECs, accounts for the flow-mediated delivery and removal of coagulation proteins and blood cells from the locus of the reactions, and accounts for the activity of major inhibitors including heparan-sulfate-accelerated antithrombin and activated protein C. The model reveals that the occurrence of robust thrombin generation (a thrombin burst) depends in a threshold manner on the density of TF on the activated ECs and on the concentration of thrombomodulin and the degree of heparan-sulfate accelerated antithrombin activity on those cells. Small changes in any of these in appropriate narrow ranges switches the response between "no burst" and "burst." The model predicts synergies among the inhibitors, both in terms of each inhibitor's multiple targets, and in terms of interactions between the different inhibitors. The model strongly suggests that the rate and extent of accumulation of activated monocytes, platelets, and MPs that can support the coagulation reactions has a powerful influence on whether a thrombin burst occurs and the thrombin response when it does. The slow rate of accumulation of cells supporting coagulation is one reason that the progress of VT is so much slower than that of arterial thrombosis initiated by subendothelial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Trugilho MRDO, Hottz ED, Brunoro GVF, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Carvalho PC, Salazar GA, Zimmerman GA, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Perales J. Platelet proteome reveals novel pathways of platelet activation and platelet-mediated immunoregulation in dengue. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006385. [PMID: 28542641 PMCID: PMC5453622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent human arbovirus disease worldwide. Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes syndromes varying from self-limiting febrile illness to severe dengue. Although dengue pathophysiology is not completely understood, it is widely accepted that increased inflammation plays important roles in dengue pathogenesis. Platelets are blood cells classically known as effectors of hemostasis which have been increasingly recognized to have major immune and inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the phenotype and effector functions of platelets in dengue pathogenesis are not completely understood. Here we used quantitative proteomics to investigate the protein content of platelets in clinical samples from patients with dengue compared to platelets from healthy donors. Our assays revealed a set of 252 differentially abundant proteins. In silico analyses associated these proteins with key molecular events including platelet activation and inflammatory responses, and with events not previously attributed to platelets during dengue infection including antigen processing and presentation, proteasome activity, and expression of histones. From these results, we conducted functional assays using samples from a larger cohort of patients and demonstrated evidence for platelet activation indicated by P-selectin (CD62P) translocation and secretion of granule-stored chemokines by platelets. In addition, we found evidence that DENV infection triggers HLA class I synthesis and surface expression by a mechanism depending on functional proteasome activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cell-free histone H2A released during dengue infection binds to platelets, increasing platelet activation. These findings are consistent with functional importance of HLA class I, proteasome subunits, and histones that we found exclusively in proteome analysis of platelets in samples from dengue patients. Our study provides the first in-depth characterization of the platelet proteome in dengue, and sheds light on new mechanisms of platelet activation and platelet-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. Dengue is the most frequent hemorrhagic viral disease and re-emergent infection in the world. Recent decades were marked by a progressive global expansion of the infection including a higher frequency of severe dengue. Currently there is no effective vaccinal coverage or specific therapies, while efforts aimed at vector control have failed to stop the progression of epidemics and expansion of the disease. An increased understanding of the molecular physiology is of paramount importance for the establishment of new therapeutic targets and better clinical management. Dengue fever is characterized by thrombocytopenia and vascular leak. Although thrombocytopenia is a hallmark of dengue, the molecular phenotype and activities of platelets in the pathogenesis of dengue is not well elucidated. This work characterizes the proteome of platelets isolated from patients with dengue and includes validation of functionally-linked protein networks that we identified, using samples from a larger cohort of dengue patients. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed activities of platelets that have recognized importance to dengue pathogenesis, including chemokine release, antigen presentation, and proteasome activity. Finally, our results identify circulating histones as a novel mechanism of platelet activation in dengue. These findings provide new evidence for platelet immune activities in dengue illness, and mark an advance in the understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ramos de Oliveira Trugilho
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Engenharia de Proteínas, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Salazar
- Computational Biology Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: , (PTB); (JP)
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: , (PTB); (JP)
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143
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Birnie E, Koh GCKW, Löwenberg EC, Meijers JCM, Maude RR, Day NPJ, Peacock SJ, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ. Increased Von Willebrand factor, decreased ADAMTS13 and thrombocytopenia in melioidosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005468. [PMID: 28296884 PMCID: PMC5376340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, caused by bioterror treat agent Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of community-acquired Gram-negative sepsis in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. New insights into the pathogenesis of melioidosis may help improve treatment and decrease mortality rates from this dreadful disease. We hypothesized that changes in Von Willebrand factor (VWF) function should occur in melioidosis, based on the presence of endothelial stimulation by endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines and thrombin in melioidosis, and investigated whether this impacted on outcome. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We recruited 52 controls and 34 culture-confirmed melioidosis patients at Sappasithiprasong Hospital in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. All subjects were diabetic. Platelet counts in melioidosis patients were lower compared to controls (p = 0.0001) and correlated with mortality (p = 0.02). VWF antigen levels were higher in patients (geometric mean, 478 U/dl) compared to controls (166 U/dL, p<0.0001). The high levels of VWF in melioidosis appeared to be due to increased endothelial stimulation (VWF propeptide levels were elevated, p<0.0001) and reduced clearance (ADAMTS13 reduction, p<0.0001). However, VWF antigen levels did not correlate with platelet counts implying that thrombocytopenia in acute melioidosis has an alternative cause. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thrombocytopenia is a key feature of melioidosis and is correlated with mortality. Additionally, excess VWF and ADAMTS13 deficiency are features of acute melioidosis, but are not the primary drivers of thrombocytopenia in melioidosis. Further studies on the role of thrombocytopenia in B. pseudomallei infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Birnie
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin C. K. W. Koh
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kindom
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kindom
| | - Ester C. Löwenberg
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C. M. Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicholas P. J. Day
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kindom
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kindom
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Jin M, Yang Y, Pan X, Lu J, Zhang Z, Cheng W. Effects of pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon on oxygen impairment during cardiopulmonary bypass for stanford type A acute aortic dissection: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6253. [PMID: 28272227 PMCID: PMC5348175 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon on postoperative oxygen impairment during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS This prospective single-center nonrandomized controlled clinical trial included 100 adult patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A AAD at an academic hospital in China. Fifty subjects underwent pulmonary static inflation with 50% oxygen from January 2013 to January 2014, and 50 underwent inflation with 50% xenon from January 2014 to December 2014. During CPB, the lungs were inflated with either 50% xenon (xenon group) or 50% oxygen (control group) to maintain an airway pressure of 5 cm H2O. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI) value after intubation, and 10 minutes and 6 hours after the operation. The second outcome was cytokine and reactive oxygen species levels after intubation and 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. RESULTS Patients treated with xenon had lower OI levels compared to the control group before surgery (P = 0.002); however, there was no difference in postoperative values between the 2 groups. Following surgery, mean maximal OI values decreased by 18.8% and 33.8%, respectively, in the xenon and control groups. After surgery, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thromboxane B2 decreased by 23.5%, 9.1%, and 30.2%, respectively, in the xenon group, but increased by 10.8%, 26.2%, and 26.4%, respectively, in the control group. Moreover, IL-10 levels increased by 28% in the xenon group and decreased by 7.5% in the control group. There were significant time and treatment-time interaction effects on methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (P = 0.000 and P = 0.050, respectively) and myeloperoxidase (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001 in xenon and control groups, respectively). There was no difference in hospital mortality and 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon during CPB could attenuate OI decreases at the end of surgery for Stanford type A AAD. Thus, xenon may function by triggering anti-inflammatory responses and suppressing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Jin
- Department of Anaesthesiology
| | | | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Ferluga J, Kouser L, Murugaiah V, Sim RB, Kishore U. Potential influences of complement factor H in autoimmune inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:84-106. [PMID: 28216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement system homeostasis is important for host self-protection and anti-microbial immune surveillance, and recent research indicates roles in tissue development and remodelling. Complement also appears to have several points of interaction with the blood coagulation system. Deficiency and altered function due to gene mutations and polymorphisms in complement effectors and regulators, including Factor H, have been associated with familial and sporadic autoimmune inflammatory - thrombotic disorders, in which autoantibodies play a part. These include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, anti-phospholipid syndrome and age-related macular degeneration. Such diseases are generally complex - multigenic and heterogeneous in their symptoms and predisposition/susceptibility. They usually need to be triggered by vascular trauma, drugs or infection and non-complement genetic factors also play a part. Underlying events seem to include decline in peripheral regulatory T cells, dendritic cell, and B cell tolerance, associated with alterations in lymphoid organ microenvironment. Factor H is an abundant protein, synthesised in many cell types, and its reported binding to many different ligands, even if not of high affinity, may influence a large number of molecular interactions, together with the accepted role of Factor H within the complement system. Factor H is involved in mesenchymal stem cell mediated tolerance and also contributes to self-tolerance by augmenting iC3b production and opsonisation of apoptotic cells for their silent dendritic cell engulfment via complement receptor CR3, which mediates anti-inflammatory-tolerogenic effects in the apoptotic cell context. There may be co-operation with other phagocytic receptors, such as complement C1q receptors, and the Tim glycoprotein family, which specifically bind phosphatidylserine expressed on the apoptotic cell surface. Factor H is able to discriminate between self and nonself surfaces for self-protection and anti-microbe defence. Factor H, particularly as an abundant platelet protein, may also modulate blood coagulation, having an anti-thrombotic role. Here, we review a number of interaction pathways in coagulation and in immunity, together with associated diseases, and indicate where Factor H may be expected to exert an influence, based on reports of the diversity of ligands for Factor H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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146
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Alteration of platelet GPVI signaling in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients demonstrated by a combination of proteomic, biochemical, and functional approaches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39603. [PMID: 28004756 PMCID: PMC5177944 DOI: 10.1038/srep39603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is critical for the formation of arterial thrombosis in vivo. We analyzed GPVI-activated platelets from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and matched stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) controls in order to provide novel clues on the degree of involvement of GPVI signaling in the acute event. Firstly, platelets were isolated from systemic venous blood and activated with the GPVI specific agonist CRP (collagen-related peptide). STEMI and SCAD samples were compared by a phosphoproteomics approach. Validations were by immunoblotting in systemic and intracoronary blood from independent cohorts of patients. Twenty-six differentially regulated proteins were identified when comparing CRP-activated systemic platelets from STEMI and SCAD patients, 4 of which were selected for validation studies: PLCɣ2, G6f, SLP-76, and Dok-2. Immunoblot analyses showed these four proteins had higher tyrosine phosphorylation levels in response to CRP in platelets from STEMI patients, being these levels more pronounced at the culprit site of coronary artery occlusion. Moreover, platelet aggregation studies showed a higher response to GPVI agonists in STEMI patients compared to SCAD controls. In conclusion, we show an altered activation state of GPVI signaling in STEMI patients, confirming this receptor as a promising anti-thrombotic target for myocardial infarction.
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147
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Middleton E, Rondina MT. Platelets in infectious disease. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2016; 2016:256-261. [PMID: 27913489 PMCID: PMC6142503 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dynamic, acute, infectious disease syndrome characterized by dysregulated thrombo-inflammatory responses. The high mortality associated with sepsis has been recognized since the earliest clinicians' writings. Despite this, advances in the treatment of sepsis have been more modest. This is limited, in part, by the heterogeneity in the definition, population, presentation, and causal factors of infectious syndromes. Given the persistently high morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis, a better understanding of the dysregulated cellular biology underpinning sepsis is needed. Platelets are small, anucleate cells that have hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune-mediating properties. Platelets are the second most common circulating blood cell, and emerging evidence suggests that platelets serve as sentinel and effector cells during infectious syndromes. Nevertheless, the molecular and functional changes that occur in platelets during sepsis, and their impact on the clinical course of infected patients, remain incompletely understood. In this review, we first highlight the complex and dynamic pathophysiology characteristics of acute, systemic infections and we then discuss established and emerging evidence of the roles of platelets in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Middleton
- Program in Molecular Medicine and
- Department Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine and
- Department Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Department of Internal Medicine at the George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT
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148
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Allam O, Samarani S, Jenabian MA, Routy JP, Tremblay C, Amre D, Ahmad A. Differential synthesis and release of IL-18 and IL-18 Binding Protein from human platelets and their implications for HIV infection. Cytokine 2016; 90:144-154. [PMID: 27914933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family and is produced in the body from macrophages, epithelial and dendritic cells, keratinocytes, adrenal cortex etc. The cytokine is produced as an inactive precursor that is cleaved inside cells into its mature form by activated caspase 1, which exists as an inactive precursor in human cells and requires assembly of an inflammasomes for its activation. We show here for the first time that human platelets contain transcripts for the IL-18 gene. They synthesize the cytokine de novo, process and release it upon activation. The activation also results in the assembly of an inflammasome and activation of caspase-1. Platelets also contain the IL-18 antagonist, the IL-18-Binding Protein (IL-18BP); however, it is not synthesized in them de novo, is present in pre-made form and is released irrespective of platelet activation. IL-18 and IL-18BP co-localize to α granules inside platelets and are secreted out with different kinetics. Platelet activation contributes to plasma concentrations in healthy individuals, as their plasma samples contain abundant IL-18, while their platelet-poor plasma samples contain very little amounts of the cytokine. The plasma and PPP samples from these donors, however, contain comparable amounts of IL-18BP. Unlike healthy individuals, the platelet-poor plasma from HIV-infected individuals contains significant amounts of IL-18. Our findings have important implications for viral infections and other human diseases that are accompanied by platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Allam
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecile Tremblay
- CHUM/Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kazzaz NM, Sule G, Knight JS. Intercellular Interactions as Regulators of NETosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:453. [PMID: 27895638 PMCID: PMC5107827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils in response to either infection or sterile stimulation with chemicals, cytokines, or microbial products. The vast majority of studies have characterized NET release (also called NETosis) in pure neutrophil cultures in vitro. The situation is surely more complex in vivo as neutrophils constantly sample not only pathogens and soluble mediators but also signals from cellular partners, including platelets and endothelial cells. This complexity is beginning to be explored by studies utilizing in vitro co-culture, as well as animal models of sepsis, infective endocarditis, lung injury, and thrombosis. Indeed, various selectins, integrins, and surface glycoproteins have been implicated in platelet–neutrophil interactions that promote NETosis, albeit with disparate results across studies. NETosis can also clearly be regulated by soluble mediators derived from platelets, such as eicosanoids, chemokines, and alarmins. Beyond platelets, the role of the endothelium in modulating NETosis is being increasingly revealed, with adhesive interactions likely priming neutrophils toward NETosis. The fact that the same selectins and surface glycoproteins may be expressed by both platelets and endothelial cells complicates the interpretation of in vivo data. In summary, we suggest in this review that the engagement of neutrophils with activated cellular partners provides an important in vivo signal or “hit” toward NETosis. Studies should, therefore, increasingly consider the triumvirate of neutrophils, platelets, and the endothelium when exploring NETosis, especially in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef M Kazzaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Gautam Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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150
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Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:555-560. [PMID: 27802906 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Besides being the main cellular effectors of hemostasis, platelets possess a plethora of intracellular mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial molecules) as well as surface receptors (e.g. P-selectin, integrins, CD40L, intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-2, junctional adhesion molecule [JAM]-A, CD44, Toll-like receptors, chemokine receptors) known for their involvement in inflammatory and immune responses. These aspects of platelet biology, which suggest an evolutionary link to a more primitive multifunctional innate defensive cell, position platelets at the interface between coagulation and immunity. Whereas platelet functions in direct antimicrobial defense and in the enhancement of innate immunity are being increasingly recognized, platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity is often underappreciated by the immunological community. By using mouse models of viral hepatitis as a paradigmatic example, we will review here how platelets coordinate adaptive immune responses and suggest possible clinical implications.
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