101
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Prabhu GRD, Yang TH, Shiu RT, Witek HA, Urban PL. Scanning pH-metry for Observing Reversibility in Protein Folding. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2377-2389. [PMID: 36251331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the main factors affecting protein structure in solution is pH. Traditionally, to study pH-dependent conformational changes in proteins, the concentration of the H+ ions is adjusted manually, complicating real-time analyses, hampering dynamic pH regulation, and consequently leading to a limited number of tested pH levels. Here, we present a programmable device, a scanning pH-meter, that can automatically generate different types of pH ramps and waveforms in a solution. A feedback loop algorithm calculates the required flow rates of the acid/base titrants, allowing one, for example, to generate periodic pH sine waveforms to study the reversibility of protein folding by fluorescence spectroscopy. Interestingly, for some proteins, the fluorescence intensity profiles recorded in such a periodically oscillating pH environment display hysteretic behavior indicating an asymmetry in the sequence of the protein unfolding/refolding events, which can most likely be attributed to their distinct kinetics. Another useful application of the scanning pH-meter concerns coupling it with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer to observe pH-induced structural changes in proteins as revealed by their varying charge-state distributions. We anticipate a broad range of applications of the scanning pH-meter developed here, including protein folding studies, determination of the optimum pH for achieving maximum fluorescence intensity, and characterization of fluorescent dyes and other synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Tzung Shiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Henryk A Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
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102
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Jimenez‐Alesanco A, Eckhard U, Asencio del Rio M, Vega S, Guevara T, Velazquez‐Campoy A, Gomis‐Rüth FX, Abian O. Repositioning small molecule drugs as allosteric inhibitors of the BFT-3 toxin from enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4427. [PMID: 36173175 PMCID: PMC9514063 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is an abundant commensal component of the healthy human colon. However, under dysbiotic conditions, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) may arise and elicit diarrhea, anaerobic bacteremia, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Most worrisome, ETBF is resistant to many disparate antibiotics. ETBF's only recognized specific virulence factor is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase (MP) called B. fragilis toxin (BFT) or fragilysin, which damages the intestinal mucosa and triggers disease-related signaling mechanisms. Thus, therapeutic targeting of BFT is expected to limit ETBF pathogenicity and improve the prognosis for patients. We focused on one of the naturally occurring BFT isoforms, BFT-3, and managed to repurpose several approved drugs as BFT-3 inhibitors through a combination of biophysical, biochemical, structural, and cellular techniques. In contrast to canonical MP inhibitors, which target the active site of mature enzymes, these effectors bind to a distal allosteric site in the proBFT-3 zymogen structure, which stabilizes a partially unstructured, zinc-free enzyme conformation by shifting a zinc-dependent disorder-to-order equilibrium. This yields proBTF-3 incompetent for autoactivation, thus ablating hydrolytic activity of the mature toxin. Additionally, a similar destabilizing effect is observed for the activated protease according to biophysical and biochemical data. Our strategy paves a novel way for the development of highly specific inhibitors of ETBF-mediated enteropathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jimenez‐Alesanco
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Marta Asencio del Rio
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Tibisay Guevara
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Adrian Velazquez‐Campoy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
| | - Francesc Xavier Gomis‐Rüth
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
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103
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Majid N, Siddiqi MK, Alam A, Malik S, Ali W, Khan RH. Cholic acid inhibits amyloid fibrillation: Interplay of protonation and deprotonation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:900-912. [PMID: 36096254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidopathies are the consequence of misfolding with subsequent aggregation affecting people worldwide. Irrespective of speedy advancement in the field of therapeutics no agent for treating amyloidopathies has been discovered and thus targeting amyloid fibrillation process via repositioning of small molecules can be fruitful. According to previous reports potential amyloid inhibitors possess unique features like, hydrophobicity, aromaticity, charge etc. Herein, we have explored the effect of Cholic acid (CA) on amyloid fibrillation irrespective of the charge (determined by Zetasizer) using four proteins Human Serum Albumin, Bovine Serum Albumin, Human Insulin and Beta-lactoglobulin (HSA, BSA, HI and BLG) employing biophysical, imaging and computational techniques. ThT results revealed that CA in both protonated and deprotonated form is potent to curb HSA, BSA, BLG aggregation ~50% and HI aggregation ~96% in a dose dependent manner (in accord with CD, ANS and Congo red assay). Interestingly, CA treated samples displayed reduced cytotoxicity (Hemolytic assay) with altered morphology (TEM) and mechanism behind inhibition may be the interaction of CA with proteins via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding (supported by molecular docking results). This study proved CA (irrespective of the pH) a potential inhibitor of amyloidosis thus can be helpful in generalizing and repurposing the related drugs/compounds for their anti-aggregation behavior as an implication towards treating amyloidopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Wareesha Ali
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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104
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Figueroa JD, Fuentes-Lemus E, Reyes JS, Loaiza M, Aliaga ME, Fierro A, Leinisch F, Hägglund P, Davies MJ, López-Alarcón C. Role of amino acid oxidation and protein unfolding in peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite-induced inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:292-306. [PMID: 35987422 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the inactivation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) induced by peroxyl radicals (ROO●) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), were explored. G6PDH was incubated with AAPH (2,2' -azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride), used as ROO● source, and ONOO-. Enzymatic activity was assessed by NADPH generation, while oxidative modifications were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence and mass detection. Changes in protein conformation were studied by circular dichroism (CD) and binding of the fluorescent dye ANS (1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid). Incubation of G6PDH (54.4 μM) with 60 mM AAPH showed an initial phase without significant changes in enzymatic activity, followed by a secondary time-dependent continuous decrease in activity to ∼59% of the initial level after 90 min. ONOO- induced a significant and concentration-dependent loss of G6PDH activity with ∼46% of the initial activity lost on treatment with 1.5 mM ONOO-. CD and ANS fluorescence indicated changes in G6PDH secondary structure with exposure of hydrophobic sites on exposure to ROO●, but not ONOO-. LC-MS analysis provided evidence for ONOO--mediated oxidation of Tyr, Met and Trp residues, with damage to critical Met and Tyr residues underlying enzyme inactivation, but without effects on the native (dimeric) state of the protein. In contrast, studies using chloramine T, a specific oxidant of Met, provided evidence that oxidation of specific Met and Trp residues and concomitant protein unfolding, loss of dimer structure and protein aggregation are involved in G6PDH inactivation by ROO●. These two oxidant systems therefore have markedly different effects on G6PDH structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Figueroa
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Sebastián Reyes
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Loaiza
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita E Aliaga
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Leinisch
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile.
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105
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Mehra S, Ahlawat S, Kumar H, Datta D, Navalkar A, Singh N, Patel K, Gadhe L, Kadu P, Kumar R, Jha NN, Sakunthala A, Sawner AS, Padinhateeri R, Udgaonkar JB, Agarwal V, Maji SK. α-Synuclein aggregation intermediates form fibril polymorphs with distinct prion-like properties. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167761. [PMID: 35907572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) amyloids in synucleinopathies are suggested to be structurally and functionally diverse, reminiscent of prion-like strains. But how the aggregation of the same precursor protein results in the formation of fibril polymorphs remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the structure-function relationship of two polymorphs, pre-matured fibrils (PMFs) and helix-matured fibrils (HMFs), based on α-Syn aggregation intermediates. These polymorphs display the structural differences as demonstrated by solid-state NMR and mass spectrometry studies and also possess different cellular activities such as seeding, internalization, and cell-to-cell transfer of aggregates. HMFs with a compact core structure exhibit low seeding potency but readily internalize and transfer from one cell to another. The less structured PMFs lack transcellular transfer ability but induce abundant α-Syn pathology and trigger the formation of aggresomes in cells. Overall, the study highlights that the conformational heterogeneity in the aggregation pathway may lead to fibril polymorphs with distinct prion-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune- 411 008, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Nitu Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Narendra N Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ajay S Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ranjith Padinhateeri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune- 411 008, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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106
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Parker KA, Ribet S, Kimmel BR, Dos Reis R, Mrksich M, Dravid VP. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy in a Scanning Electron Microscope for the High-Throughput Imaging of Biological Assemblies. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3235-3242. [PMID: 35881504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy of soft and biological materials, or "soft electron microscopy", is essential to the characterization of macromolecules. Soft microscopy is governed by enhancing contrast while maintaining low electron doses, and sample preparation and imaging methodologies are driven by the length scale of features of interest. While cryo-electron microscopy offers the highest resolution, larger structures can be characterized efficiently and with high contrast using low-voltage electron microscopy by performing scanning transmission electron microscopy in a scanning electron microscope (STEM-in-SEM). Here, STEM-in-SEM is demonstrated for a four-lobed protein assembly where the arrangement of the proteins in the construct must be examined. STEM image simulations show the theoretical contrast enhancement at SEM-level voltages for unstained structures, and experimental images with multiple STEM modes exhibit the resolution possible for negative-stained proteins. This technique can be extended to complex protein assemblies, larger structures such as cell sections, and hybrid materials, making STEM-in-SEM a valuable high-throughput imaging method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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107
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Gadhave K, Kapuganti SK, Mishra PM, Giri R. p53 TAD2 Domain (38-61) Forms Amyloid-like Aggregates in Isolation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2281-2287. [PMID: 35856925 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong association between protein aggregation and human diseases (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease) is well demonstrated. Misfolding and aggregation of p53, a central transcriptional mediator, has been revealed by various experimental evidence in different types of cancers. Aggregation studies focusing on different p53 domains, mostly, the central core domain and its mutants under the influence of various environmental conditions, and the p53 transactivation domain (TAD) (1-63) have been reported. However, the specific subdomains responsible for p53 aggregation are not known. p53 TADs interact with diverse cellular factors to modulate the function of p53 and elicit appropriate cellular responses under different stress conditions. In this study, the aggregation of the p53 TAD2 domain (38-61) has been studied in isolation. The aggregates were generated in vitro under acidic pH conditions after in silico scoring for amyloidogenic tendency and characterized using dye-based assays (ThT and bis-ANS fluorescence), CD spectroscopy, and microscopy (scanning electron microscoy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy). It was observed that p53 TAD2 forms characteristic β-sheet-rich amyloid-like fibrils. Via a reductionist approach, this study highlights the nature of p53 TAD2 domain (38-61) aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Shivani K Kapuganti
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Pushpendra Mani Mishra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
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108
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Kirley TL, Norman AB. Critical evaluation of fluorescent dyes to evaluate the stability and ligand binding properties of an anti-cocaine mAb, h2E2. J Immunol Methods 2022; 508:113323. [PMID: 35843267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have become a mainstay of modern drug development. However, unlike small molecule drugs, mAbs are large proteins that need to be characterized for their stability, heterogeneity, and tendency to aggregate. Many different extrinsic fluorescent dyes have been used to monitor the thermal stability, aggregation, and ligand binding characteristics of many different proteins. Some of these dyes change their fluorescence when bound to proteins due to changes in the hydrophobicity of their microenvironment (solvatochromic dyes such as Sypro Orange), while others respond to differences in rotational mobilities (rotor dyes such as DASPMI), and others have been used to detect fibrils and amyloid-like protein aggregation (amyloid dyes such as Thioflavin T). Previously, we used DASPMI dye and differential scanning fluorimetry to quantitate the binding of cocaine and cocaine metabolites to a humanized anti-cocaine h2E2 mAb under development for the treatment of cocaine use disorders. In the present study, we evaluated six dyes in these three classes for their ability to monitor domain denaturation and cocaine binding of the h2E2 mAb, both in its clinical formulation buffer and in PBS buffer. We noted that the Thioflavin T dye commonly used to assess amyloid formation was also capable of monitoring h2E2 mAb thermal denaturation and ligand binding using differential scanning calorimetry. However, unlike the DASPMI dye, the Thioflavin T dye caused a dose-dependent stabilization of the unliganded (apo) mAb, and when using the methodology developed with the DASPMI dye, decreased the apparent affinity of the mAb for cocaine as a function of dye concentration. Thus, although Thioflavin T differential fluorimetry data appears to be suitable for measuring cocaine affinity for this h2E2 mAb, the apparent mAb Kd values for cocaine are dependent on Thioflavin T dye concentration, reinforcing and extending the unique use of the DASPMI dye for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence L Kirley
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, United States of America.
| | - Andrew B Norman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, United States of America
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109
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Arnoldi I, Mancini G, Fumagalli M, Gastaldi D, D'Andrea L, Bandi C, Di Venere M, Iadarola P, Forneris F, Gabrieli P. A salivary factor binds a cuticular protein and modulates biting by inducing morphological changes in the mosquito labrum. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3493-3504.e11. [PMID: 35835123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito proboscis is an efficient microelectromechanical system, which allows the insect to feed on vertebrate blood quickly and painlessly. Its efficiency is further enhanced by the insect saliva, although through unclear mechanisms. Here, we describe the initial trigger of an unprecedented feedback signaling pathway in Aedes mosquitoes affecting feeding behavior. We identified LIPS proteins in the saliva of Aedes mosquitoes that promote feeding in the vertebrate skin. LIPS show a new all-helical protein fold constituted by two domains. The N-terminal domain interacts with a cuticular protein (Cp19) located at the tip of the mosquito labrum. Upon interaction, the morphology of the labral cuticle changes, and this modification is most likely sensed by proprioceptive neurons. Our study identifies an additional role of mosquito saliva and underlines that the external cuticle is a possible site of key molecular interactions affecting the insect biology and its vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arnoldi
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Entopar lab, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mancini
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Biochemistry Unit, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Gastaldi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca D'Andrea
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Entopar lab, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Venere
- Biochemistry Unit, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Biochemistry Unit, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Entopar lab, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Milan, Italy.
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110
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Klepach A, Tran H, Ahmad Mohammed F, ElSayed ME. Characterization and impact of peptide physicochemical properties on oral and subcutaneous delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114322. [PMID: 35526665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptides, an emerging modality within the biopharmaceutical industry, are often delivered subcutaneously with evolving prospects on oral delivery. Barrier biology within the subcutis or gastrointestinal tract is a significant challenge in limiting absorption or otherwise disrupting peptide disposition. Aspects of peptide pharmacokinetic performance and ADME can be mitigated with careful molecular design that tailors for properties such as effective size, hydrophobicity, net charge, proteolytic stability, and albumin binding. In this review, we endeavor to highlight effective techniques in qualifying physicochemical properties of peptides and discuss advancements of in vitro models of subcutaneous and oral delivery. Additionally, we will delineate empirical findings around the relationship of these physicochemical properties and in vivo (animal or human) impact. We conclude that robust peptide characterization methods and in vitro techniques with demonstrated correlations to in vivo data are key routines to incorporate in the drug discovery and development to improve the probability of technical and commercial success of peptide therapeutics.
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111
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Ghahramani M, Shahsavani MB, Yousefi R. Increased chaperone activity of human αB-crystallin with incomplete oxidation as a new defense mechanism against oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140794. [PMID: 35643282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that production of the high levels of oxidants overwhelms the body's antioxidant defense system during diabetes mellitus. Under this circumstance, ocular lens proteins are one of the main molecular targets for oxidative damage. In the present study, the individual effect of partial and extensive oxidation on the structure and function of human αB-crystallin was investigated using electrophoresis and various spectroscopic methods. The results of our study suggested that widespread oxidation causes loss of the chaperone activity of this protein, while partial oxidation significantly enhances this activity. Our studies also suggested that partial and extensive oxidation induces the formation of different structures in this protein. In fact, the chaperone-active and chaperone-inactive states of this protein are respectively associated with a minor and extensive structural alteration. Moreover, the oligomeric size distribution shows an inverse relationship with the chaperone activity of this protein. Increasing the chaperone activity of this protein during partial oxidation may be a natural defense mechanism to overcome the damages caused by oxidative stress, especially in diabetes and other pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shahsavani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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112
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Ciaramelli C, Palmioli A, Angotti I, Colombo L, De Luigi A, Sala G, Salmona M, Airoldi C. NMR-Driven Identification of Cinnamon Bud and Bark Components With Anti-Aβ Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:896253. [PMID: 35755250 PMCID: PMC9214034 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.896253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-Alzheimer disease (AD) activity reported for an aqueous cinnamon bark extract prompted us to investigate and compare the anti-amyloidogenic properties of cinnamon extracts obtained from both bark and bud, the latter being a very little explored matrix. We prepared the extracts with different procedures (alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, or aqueous extractions). An efficient protocol for the rapid analysis of NMR spectra of cinnamon bud and bark extracts was set up, enabling the automatic identification and quantification of metabolites. Moreover, we exploited preparative reverse-phase (RP) chromatography to prepare fractions enriched in polyphenols, further characterized by UPLC-HR-MS. Then, we combined NMR-based molecular recognition studies, atomic force microscopy, and in vitro biochemical and cellular assays to investigate the anti-amyloidogenic activity of our extracts. Both bud and bark extracts showed a potent anti-amyloidogenic activity. Flavanols, particularly procyanidins, and cinnamaldehydes, are the chemical components of cinnamon hindering Aβ peptide on-pathway aggregation and toxicity in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Together with the previously reported ability to hinder tau aggregation and filament formation, these data indicate cinnamon polyphenols as natural products possessing multitarget anti-AD activity. Since cinnamon is a spice increasingly present in the human diet, our results support its use to prepare nutraceuticals useful in preventing AD through an active contrast to the biochemical processes that underlie the onset of this disease. Moreover, the structures of cinnamon components responsible for cinnamon anti-AD activities represent molecular templates for designing and synthesizing new anti-amyloidogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ciaramelli
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Angotti
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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113
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Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Ansari M, Temgire M, Tiku AB, Kar K. Amyloid-mimicking toxic nanofibers generated via self-assembly of dopamine. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8649-8662. [PMID: 35667124 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly of biologically relevant aromatic metabolites is known to generate cytotoxic nanostructures and this unique property has opened up new concepts in the molecular mechanisms of metabolite-linked disorders. Because aromaticity is intrinsic to the chemical structure of some important neuromodulators, the question of whether this property can promote their self-assembly into toxic higher order structures is highly relevant to the advancement of both fundamental and applied research. We show here that dopamine, an aromatic neuromodulator of high significance, undergoes self-assembly, under physiological buffer conditions, yielding cytotoxic supramolecular nanostructures. The oxidation of dopamine seems crucial in driving the self-assembly, and substantial inhibition effect was observed in the presence of antioxidants and acidic buffers. Strong H-bonds and π-π interactions between optimally-oriented dopamine molecules were found to stabilize the dopamine nanostructure which displayed characteristic β-structure-patterns with hydrophobic exterior and hydrophilic interior moieties. Furthermore, dopamine nanostructures were found to be highly toxic to human neuroblastoma cells, revealing apoptosis and necrosis-mediated cytotoxicity. Abnormal fluctuation in the dopamine concentration is known to predispose a multitude of neuronal complications, hence, the new findings of this study on oxidation-driven buildup of amyloid-mimicking neurotoxic dopamine assemblies may have direct relevance to the molecular origin of several dopamine related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Mayur Temgire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institution of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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114
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Mondal S, Das S, Paul S, Barik S, Swamy MJ. Low-pH Molten Globule-Like Form of CIA17, a Chitooligosaccharide-Specific Lectin from the Phloem Exudate of Coccinia indica, Retains Carbohydrate-Binding Ability. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4049-4060. [PMID: 35621271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
pH-induced changes in the conformation, structural dynamics, and carbohydrate-binding activity of Coccinia indica agglutinin (CIA17), a PP2-type lectin, were investigated employing biophysical approaches. The secondary structure of CIA17 remains nearly unaltered over a wide pH range (2.0-8.5), while the tertiary structure of the protein exhibits considerable changes. A decrease in the fluorescence intensity and excited-state lifetime at low pH indicated perturbation in the local conformation (near Trp residues) of CIA17, which was further supported by enhancement in the Trp accessibility toward charged quenchers under acidic conditions. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopic studies indicated that at pH 2.0, CIA17 exists as a monomer over the concentration range of 10-200 nM and forms dimers at higher concentrations (KD ∼ 387 nM) but could not form higher oligomers even at ∼150-fold higher concentrations, unlike under native conditions at pH 7.4. Thermal unfolding of the low pH intermediate involves two distinct steps: dissociation of a dimer to a monomer, followed by the unfolding of the monomer. These results strongly suggest that the acid-induced unfolding pathway of CIA17 involves the formation of a monomeric molten globule-like intermediate, which retains appreciable carbohydrate-binding ability. These observations are of great physiological significance since the PP2 proteins are involved in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradamoni Mondal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Somnath Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Sumanta Paul
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Shilpa Barik
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India
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115
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A novel strategy for production of liraglutide precursor peptide and development of a new long-acting incretin mimic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266833. [PMID: 35500009 PMCID: PMC9060347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a small number of incretin mimics are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their longer half-life. The present study aimed to introduce a novel method for producing the liraglutide precursor peptide (LPP) and developing a potentially new incretin mimic. Here, human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) was ligated to the LPP at the gene level, and the gene construct was expressed in Escherichia coli with a relatively good efficiency. The hybrid protein (αB-lir) was then purified by a precipitation method followed by anion exchange chromatography. After that, the peptide was released from the carrier protein by a chemical cleavage method yielding about 70%. The LPP was then purified by gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC estimated its purity to be about 98%. Also, the molecular mass of the purified peptide was finally confirmed by mass spectroscopy analysis. Assessment of the secondary structures suggested a dominant α-helical structure for the LPP and a β-sheet rich structure for the hybrid protein. The subcutaneous injection of the LPP and the αB-lir hybrid protein significantly reduced the blood sugar levels in healthy and diabetic mice and stimulated insulin secretion. Also, the hybrid protein exerts its bioactivities more effectively than the LPP over a relatively longer period of time. The results of this study suggested a novel method for the easy and cost-effective production of the LPP and introduced a new long-acting incretin mimic that can be potentially used for the treatment of T2DM patients.
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116
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Reverse Engineering Analysis of the High-Temperature Reversible Oligomerization and Amyloidogenicity of PSD95-PDZ3. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092813. [PMID: 35566161 PMCID: PMC9103278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PSD95-PDZ3, the third PDZ domain of the post-synaptic density-95 protein (MW 11 kDa), undergoes a peculiar three-state thermal denaturation (N ↔ In ↔ D) and is amyloidogenic. PSD95-PDZ3 in the intermediate state (I) is reversibly oligomerized (RO: Reversible oligomerization). We previously reported a point mutation (F340A) that inhibits both ROs and amyloidogenesis and constructed the PDZ3-F340A variant. Here, we “reverse engineered” PDZ3-F340A for inducing high-temperature RO and amyloidogenesis. We produced three variants (R309L, E310L, and N326L), where we individually mutated hydrophilic residues exposed at the surface of the monomeric PDZ3-F340A but buried in the tetrameric crystal structure to a hydrophobic leucine. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that two of the designed variants (PDZ3-F340A/R309L and E310L) denatured according to the two-state model. On the other hand, PDZ3-F340A/N326L denatured according to a three-state model and produced high-temperature ROs. The secondary structures of PDZ3-F340A/N326L and PDZ3-wt in the RO state were unfolded according to circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, PDZ3-F340A/N326L was amyloidogenic as assessed by Thioflavin T fluorescence. Altogether, these results demonstrate that a single amino acid mutation can trigger the formation of high-temperature RO and concurrent amyloidogenesis.
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117
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Hibino E, Tenno T, Hiroaki H. Relevance of Amorphous and Amyloid-Like Aggregates of the p53 Core Domain to Loss of its DNA-Binding Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:869851. [PMID: 35558561 PMCID: PMC9086241 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.869851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oncogenic protein p53 is a transcription factor that prevents tumorigenesis by inducing gene repair proteins or apoptosis under DNA damage. Since the DNA-binding domain of p53 (p53C) is aggregation-prone, the anti-oncogenic function of p53 is often lost in cancer cells. This tendency is rather severe in some tumor-related p53 mutants, such as R175H. In this study, we examined the effect of salts, including KCl and sugars, on the aggregation of p53C by monitoring two distinct aggregates: amorphous-like and amyloid-like. The amorphous aggregates are detectable with 8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence, whereas the amyloid aggregates are sensitive to thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence. We found that KCl inhibited the formation of amorphous aggregates but promoted the formation of amyloid aggregates in a p53C R175H mutant. The salts exhibited different effects against the wild-type and R175H mutants of p53C. However, the ratio of ANS/ThT fluorescence for the wild-type and R175H mutant remained constant. KCl also suppressed the structural transition and loss of the DNA-binding function of p53C. These observations indicate the existence of multiple steps of p53C aggregation, probably coupled with the dissociation of Zn. Notably, amorphous aggregates and amyloid aggregates have distinct properties that could be discriminated by various small additives upon aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hibino
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC., Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC., Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidekazu Hiroaki,
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118
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Characterization of the chimeric protein cUBC1 engineered by substituting the linker of E2-25K into UBC1 enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:991-1000. [PMID: 35429515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important posttranslational modification of proteins in eukaryotic cells, wherein ubiquitin molecules are conjugated to target proteins. Ubiquitination is catalyzed by the cascade of ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3). The number of E2s encoded in eukaryotes partly explains their contribution to the inherent specificity of the ubiquitin system. The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae participates the degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. UBC1 consists of two well-defined domains separated by a long flexible linker. E2-25K, the human homolog of UBC1 is crucial to neurons and its failure leads to neurodegenerative disorders. The linker of UBC1 is of 22 amino acids, while that of E2-25K has 6 amino acids. To understand the importance of the linker, the chimeric protein, cUBC1 was constructed by substituting the linker of E2-25K in UBC1. cUBC1 shows minor changes in its secondary structure. cUBC1 expression in ubc1 deletion mutants showed no effect over growth, thermotolerance and resistance to antibiotic stress. However, survival under heat stress was enhanced with cUBC1. Western blot analysis of the enzymatic activity showed cUBC1 performed equally well as UBC1. Hence, cUBC1 demonstrates that the shorter linker increased the stability of UBC1.
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119
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Parray ZA, Shahid M, Islam A. Insights into Fluctuations of Structure of Proteins: Significance of Intermediary States in Regulating Biological Functions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081539. [PMID: 35458289 PMCID: PMC9025146 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are indispensable to cellular communication and metabolism. The structure on which cells and tissues are developed is deciphered from proteins. To perform functions, proteins fold into a three-dimensional structural design, which is specific and fundamentally determined by their characteristic sequence of amino acids. Few of them have structural versatility, allowing them to adapt their shape to the task at hand. The intermediate states appear momentarily, while protein folds from denatured (D) ⇔ native (N), which plays significant roles in cellular functions. Prolific effort needs to be taken in characterizing these intermediate species if detected during the folding process. Protein folds into its native structure through definite pathways, which involve a limited number of transitory intermediates. Intermediates may be essential in protein folding pathways and assembly in some cases, as well as misfolding and aggregation folding pathways. These intermediate states help to understand the machinery of proper folding in proteins. In this review article, we highlight the various intermediate states observed and characterized so far under in vitro conditions. Moreover, the role and significance of intermediates in regulating the biological function of cells are discussed clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Parray
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IIT Campus, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-93-1281-2007
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120
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Ali F, Manzoor U, Khan FI, Lai D, Khan MKA, Chandrashekharaiah KS, Singh LR, Dar TA. Effect of polyol osmolytes on the structure-function integrity and aggregation propensity of catalase: A comprehensive study based on spectroscopic and molecular dynamic simulation measurements. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:198-210. [PMID: 35395280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the ability of catalase to function under oxidative stress vis-à-vis its industrial importance, the structure-function integrity of the enzyme is of prime concern. In the present study, polyols (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, xylitol), were evaluated for their ability to modulate structure, activity and aggregation of catalase using in vitro and in silico approaches. All polyols increased catalase activity by decreasing Km and increasing Vmax resulting in enhanced catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the enzyme, with glycerol being the most efficient with a kcat/Km increase from 4.38 × 104 mM-1 S-1 (control) to 5.8 × 105 mM-1 S-1. Correlatively with this, enhanced secondary structure with reduced hydrophobic exposure was observed in all polyols. Furthermore, increased stability, with an increase in melting temperature by 15.2 °C, and almost no aggregation was observed in glycerol. Overall, ability to regulate structure-function integrity and aggregation propensity was highest for glycerol and lowest for xylitol. Simulation studies were performed involving structural dynamics measurements, principal component analysis and free energy landscape analysis. Altogether, all polyols were stabilizing in nature and glycerol, in particular, has potential to efficiently prevent not only the antioxidant defense system but also might serve as a stability aid during industrial processing of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Ali
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Mangalore University, Karnataka 571232, India
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dakun Lai
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md Khurshid A Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Chandrashekharaiah
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Campus, Mangalore University, Karnataka 571232, India
| | | | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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121
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Fatima S, Arshad F, Amani S. Arsenite Induced Conformational Changes and Aggregation in Human
Serum Albumin (HSA) and its Prevention by Naringin. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210423131625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Heavy metals and metalloids like arsenic, cadmium, mercury acts as denaturing
agent for biomolecules. They interfere with protein’s physiological activity by forming a
complex with the protein’s side chain or removing the essential metal ions from metalloproteins
and replacing them. Protein aggregation is an extensive phenomenon in a cell and is linked with
various pathological conditions.
Aim:
In this study, we aim to prove that proteins are highly susceptible to arsenite toxicity by
arsenite-induced protein aggregation; and that naringin reduces the aggregation effect.
Methods:
Several biophysical techniques were employed to study the protein aggregation due to
arsenite and its prevention by naringin.
Results:
Through our experiments, the results showed that aggregation induced by arsenite was reduced
in the presence of naringin at twice the concentration of arsenite.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study showed that naringin plays a protective role during HSA aggregation
due to arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samreen Amani
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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122
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Comparison of Emulsifying Properties of Plant and Animal Proteins in Oil-in-Water Emulsions: Whey, Soy, and RuBisCo Proteins. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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123
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Takita T, Sakuma H, Ohashi R, Nilouyal S, Nemoto S, Wada M, Yogo Y, Yasuda K, Ikushiro S, Sakaki T, Yasukawa K. Comparison of the stability of CYP105A1 and its variants engineered for production of active forms of vitamin D. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:444-454. [PMID: 35134837 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CYP105A1 from Streptomyces griseolus converts vitamin D3 to its biologically active form, 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. R73A/R84A mutation enhanced the 1α- and 25-hydroxylation activity for vitamin D3, while M239A mutation generated the 1α-hydroxylation activity for vitamin D2. In this study, the stability of six CYP105A1 enzymes, including 5 variants (R73A/R84A, M239A, R73A/R84A/M239A (=TriA), TriA/E90A, and TriA/E90D), was examined. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that M239A markedly reduces the enzyme stability. Protein fluorescence analysis disclosed that these mutations, especially M239A, induce large changes in the local conformation around Trp residues. Strong stabilizing effect of glycerol was observed. Nondenaturing PAGE analysis showed that CYP105A1 enzymes are prone to self-association. Fluorescence analysis using a hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid suggested that M239A mutation enhances self-association and that E90A and E90D mutations, in cooperation with M239A, accelerate self-association with little effect on the stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiro Sakuma
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ren Ohashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Somaye Nilouyal
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Nemoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moeka Wada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Yogo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Ghalandari B, Asadollahi K, Ghorbani F, Ghalehbaghi S, Rafiee S, Komeili A, Kamrava SK. Determinants of gold nanoparticle interactions with Proteins: Off-Target effect study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 269:120736. [PMID: 34923375 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy is one of the promising approaches toward cancer treatment. To date, several compounds have been developed for this application, among which nanoparticles are attracting ever-increasing attention. One of the obstacles in developing efficient photothermal nanoparticle agents is their off-target effect which is mainly mediated via non-specific interactions with proteins. Such interaction not only reduces the bioavailability of the agent but also will cause protein aggregation that can be lethal. So, gaining knowledge on the mechanisms mediating such interactions will facilitate development of more effective agents. Our last studies showed the mechanism of action of two modified gold nanoparticles, folic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles (FA-AuNPs) and gold shelled Fe3O4 nanoparticles (AuFeNPs), as photothermal agents. In the current work, we focus on the interaction of these two NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) and human hemoglobin (Hb) as model proteins. The complex formation between NPs and proteins was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism. Our data distinguishes the very distinct mode of interaction of charged and neutral NPs with proteins. While the interaction of neutral AuFeNP to proteins is protein dependent, charged nanoparticles FA-AuNP interact indistinguishably with all proteins via electrostatic interactions. Moreover, complexes obtained from FA-AuNPs with proteins are more stable than that of AuFeNP. However, the secondary structure content of proteins in the presence of NPs indicates the insignificant effect of NPs on the secondary structure of these proteins. Our data propose that the charge functionalization of the NPs is an effective way for modulating the interaction of nanoparticles with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kazem Asadollahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Suzan Ghalehbaghi
- Medical Engineering Department, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Rafiee
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ali Komeili
- Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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126
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Neofytos DD, Papagiannopoulos A, Chrysina ED, Pispas S. Formation and physicochemical properties of glycogen phosphorylase in complex with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:371-380. [PMID: 35240213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (RMGPb) in electrostatic complexes with the cationic polyelectrolyte poly 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate in its quenched form (QPDMAEMA) was studied in two buffer solutions. In the N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) buffer, large complexes of RMGPb-QPDMAEMA were formed which adopted smaller sizes as QPDMAEMA concentration increased. However, in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer, the hydrodynamic radius of the formed complexes gradually increased as the polymer concentration increased. Zeta potential measurements (ζp) showed that RMGPb significantly changed the ζp of the QPDMAEMA aggregates. Fluorescence studies showed that the interaction between RMGPb and QPDMAEAMA was enhanced as polymer concentration increased. Specifically, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence indicated that in the BES buffer the aggregates became denser as more QPDMAEMA was added, while in the HEPES buffer the density of the formed structures decreased. RMGPb's secondary structure was examined by Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) showing that QPDMAEMA interaction with RMGPb does not induce any changes to the secondary structure of the enzyme. These observations suggest that cationic polyelectrolytes may be utilized for the formulation of RMGPb in multifunctional nanostructures and be further exploited in innovative biotechnology applications and bioinspired materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios D Neofytos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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127
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Castelletto V, Hamley IW. Amyloid
and Hydrogel Formation of a Peptide Sequence
from a Coronavirus Spike Protein. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1857-1867. [PMCID: PMC8867915 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We demonstrate that
a conserved coronavirus spike protein peptide
forms amyloid structures, differing from the native helical conformation
and not predicted by amyloid aggregation algorithms. We investigate
the conformation and aggregation of peptide RSAIEDLLFDKV,
which is a sequence common to many animal and human coronavirus spike
proteins. This sequence is part of a native α-helical S2 glycoprotein
domain, close to and partly spanning the fusion sequence. This peptide
aggregates into β-sheet amyloid nanotape structures close to
the calculated pI = 4.2, but forms disordered monomers at high and
low pH. The β-sheet conformation revealed by FTIR and circular
dichroism (CD) spectroscopy leads to peptide nanotape structures,
imaged using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and probed by
small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The nanotapes comprise arginine-coated
bilayers. A Congo red dye UV–vis assay is used to probe the
aggregation of the peptide into amyloid structures, which enabled
the determination of a critical aggregation concentration (CAC). This
peptide also forms hydrogels under precisely defined conditions of
pH and concentration, the rheological properties of which were probed.
The observation of amyloid formation by a coronavirus spike has relevance
to the stability of the spike protein conformation (or its destabilization via pH change), and the peptide may have potential utility
as a functional material. Hydrogels formed by coronavirus peptides
may also be of future interest in the development of slow-release
systems, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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128
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Glyoxal induced glycative insult suffered by immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen proteins: A comparative physicochemical characterization to reveal structural perturbations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:283-296. [PMID: 35192903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of proteins results in structural alteration, functional deprivation, and generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during in vivo autoxidation of glucose induces glycoxidation of intermediate glycation-adducts, which in turn give rise to aldehyde and/or ketone groups containing dicarbonyls or reactive carbonyl species (RCS). RCS further reacts non-enzymatically and starts the glycation-oxidation vicious cycle, thus exacerbating oxidative, carbonyl, and glycative stress in the physiological system. Glyoxal (GO), a reactive dicarbonyl that generates during glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to glycation. This in vitro physicochemical characterization study focuses on GO-induced glycoxidative damage suffered by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen proteins. The structural alterations were analyzed by UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ketoamines, protein carbonyls, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), free lysine, free arginine, carboxymethyllysine (CML), and protein aggregation were also quantified. Structural perturbations, increased concentration of ketoamines, protein carbonyls, HMF, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reported in glycated proteins. The experiment results also validate increased oxidative stress and AGEs formation i.e. IgG-AGEs and Fib-AGEs. Thus, we can conclude that AGEs formation during GO-mediated glycation of IgG and fibrinogen could hamper normal physiology and might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated secondary complications.
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129
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Bugli F, Massaro F, Buonocore F, Saraceni PR, Borocci S, Ceccacci F, Bombelli C, Di Vito M, Marchitiello R, Mariotti M, Torelli R, Sanguinetti M, Porcelli F. Design and Characterization of Myristoylated and Non-Myristoylated Peptides Effective against Candida spp. Clinical Isolates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2164. [PMID: 35216297 PMCID: PMC8875392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of fungi to antibiotics is a severe challenge in public health, and newly effective drugs are required. Promising potential medications are lipopeptides, linear antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) conjugated to a lipid tail, usually at the N-terminus. In this paper, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of three short myristoylated and non-myristoylated peptides derived from a mutant of the AMP Chionodracine. We determined their interaction with anionic and zwitterionic membrane-mimicking vesicles and their structure during this interaction. We then investigated their cytotoxic and hemolytic activity against mammalian cells. Lipidated peptides showed a broad spectrum of activity against a relevant panel of pathogen fungi belonging to Candida spp., including the multidrug-resistant C. auris. The antifungal activity was also observed vs. biofilms of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. auris. Finally, a pilot efficacy study was conducted on the in vivo model consisting of Galleria mellonella larvae. Treatment with the most-promising myristoylated peptide was effective in counteracting the infection from C. auris and C. albicans and the death of the larvae. Therefore, this myristoylated peptide is a potential candidate to develop antifungal agents against human fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bugli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.D.V.); (R.M.); (M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Massaro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (P.R.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (P.R.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Roberto Saraceni
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (P.R.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Borocci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (P.R.S.); (S.B.)
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Area Della Ricerca di Roma 1, SP35d 9, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR—Institute For Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR—Institute For Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.D.V.); (R.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosalba Marchitiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.D.V.); (R.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Melinda Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.D.V.); (R.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.D.V.); (R.M.); (M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (P.R.S.); (S.B.)
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130
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Chatterjee S, Kan Y, Brzezinski M, Koynov K, Regy RM, Murthy AC, Burke KA, Michels JJ, Mittal J, Fawzi NL, Parekh SH. Reversible Kinetic Trapping of FUS Biomolecular Condensates. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104247. [PMID: 34862761 PMCID: PMC8811844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Formation of membrane-less organelles by self-assembly of disordered proteins can be triggered by external stimuli such as pH, salt, or temperature. These organelles, called biomolecular condensates, have traditionally been classified as liquids, gels, or solids with limited subclasses. Here, the authors show that a thermal trigger can lead to formation of at least two distinct liquid condensed phases of the fused in sarcoma low complexity (FUS LC) domain. Forming FUS LC condensates directly at low temperature leads to formation of metastable, kinetically trapped condensates that show arrested coalescence, escape from which to untrapped condensates can be achieved via thermal annealing. Using experimental and computational approaches, the authors find that molecular structure of interfacial FUS LC in kinetically trapped condensates is distinct (more β-sheet like) compared to untrapped FUS LC condensates. Moreover, molecular motion within kinetically trapped condensates is substantially slower compared to that in untrapped condensates thereby demonstrating two unique liquid FUS condensates. Controlling condensate thermodynamic state, stability, and structure with a simple thermal switch may contribute to pathological protein aggregate stability and provides a facile method to trigger condensate mixing for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at Austin107 W. Dean Keeton Rd.AustinTX78712USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Yelena Kan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at Austin107 W. Dean Keeton Rd.AustinTX78712USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- LUT School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversityYliopistonkatu 34Lappeenranta53850Finland
| | - Mateusz Brzezinski
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at Austin107 W. Dean Keeton Rd.AustinTX78712USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Roshan Mammen Regy
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University200 Jack E. Brown Engineering BuildingCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Anastasia C. Murthy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryBrown University70 Ship StreetProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Kathleen A. Burke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryBrown University70 Ship StreetProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Jasper J. Michels
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University200 Jack E. Brown Engineering BuildingCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Nicolas L. Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryBrown University70 Ship StreetProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at Austin107 W. Dean Keeton Rd.AustinTX78712USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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131
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Moghadam SS, Ghahramani M, Khoshaman K, Oryan A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. Relationship between the Structure and Chaperone Activity of Human αA-Crystallin after Its Modification with Diabetes-Associated Oxidative Agents and Protective Role of Antioxidant Compounds. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:91-105. [PMID: 35508905 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792202002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of peroxynitrite (PON, oxidative stress agent in diabetes), methylglyoxal (MGO, diabetes-associated reactive carbonyl compound), and their simultaneous application on the structural and functional features of human αA-crystallin (αA-Cry) using various spectroscopy techniques. Additionally, the surface tension and oligomer size distribution of the treated and untreated protein were tested using tensiometric analysis and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Our results indicated that the reaction of PON and MGO with human αA-Cry leads to the formation of new chromophores, alterations in the secondary to quaternary protein structure, reduction in the size of protein oligomers, and significant enhancement in the chaperone activity of αA-Cry. To reverse the effects of the tested compounds, ascorbic acid and glutathione (main components of lens antioxidant defense system) were applied. As expected, the two antioxidant compounds significantly prevented formation of high molecular weight aggregates of αA-Cry (according to SDS-PAGE). Our results suggest that the lens antioxidant defense system, in particular, glutathione, may provide a strong protection against rapid incidence and progression of diabetic cataract by preventing the destructive reactions of highly reactive DM-associated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Sasan Moghadam
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kazem Khoshaman
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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132
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Li M, Liu M, Sha Y. Induced and Inversed Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Achiral Thioflavin T Assembled on Peptide Fibril. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106130. [PMID: 34881501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical inversion of amyloid fibrils is a novel phenomenon and is of fundamental importance; however, the underlying structural basis remains poorly understood. Here, the co-assembly of Thioflavin T (ThT) with T1 amyloid fibril and the induced supramolecular chirality is investigated by induced circular dichroism (ICD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), followed by direct morphological helicity observation of the fibril by an atomic force microscope (AFM). ThT exhibits negative ICD and CPL when assembled on the left-handed T1 fibril. Interestingly, when ThT dynamically interacts with the T1 fibril, the left-handed fibril partially converts into right-handed, accompanied with the inversion of CD and CPL signals. These results indicate that the morphological helicity of template fibril cannot be arbitrarily distinguished by the sign of chiroptical spectra of the dye/peptide assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yinlin Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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133
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Amirahmadi M, Salesi M, Yousefi R, Daryanosh F, Nemati J, Kurganov BI. The impact of concurrent training and antioxidant supplementation on the factors associated with the ocular lens opacity in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:126-140. [PMID: 31573372 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1668019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamins C and E (VCE) supplementation, exercise, and their concurrent application against cataract incidence in the diabetic rats. The obtained results indicated that different supplementation and training treatments were capable to preserve the lens transparency in the diabetic rats. Also, upon applying different supplementation and training treatments, the level of glutathione (GSH) and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic rats was preserved approximately close to their control levels. In addition, different treatments were capable to maintain the structural integrity of the lens proteins in diabetic rats. Moreover, VCE supplementation, exercise and their simultaneous application prevented lens crystallins of diabetic rats against fibrillation and formation of the increased oligomeric sizes. The results of this study signify the importance of antioxidant supplementation and exercise in reducing the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on the eye lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Amirahmadi
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Salesi
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Daryanosh
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Nemati
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boris I Kurganov
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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134
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Daya T, Jeje O, Maake R, Aloke C, Khoza T, Achilonu I. Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Nicotinate Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase. Protein J 2022; 41:141-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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135
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Parveen M, Kumar A, Khan MS, Rehman R, Furkan M, Khan RH, Nami SAA. Comparative study of biogenically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles of Acacia auriculiformis leaves and their efficacy against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:292-301. [PMID: 35074335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present article reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from the extract of Acacia auriculiformis (AA) leaves using biogenic approach. Several spectral and morphological studies namely UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), tunneling electron microscopy along with selected area electron diffraction (TEM/SAED), scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out which ascertains the successful formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) starting from Silver nitrate and Chloroauric acid respectively. On the basis of TEM/SAED and SEM-EDX, AgNPs were found to be more regular with smaller particle size and hence they were selected for biological studies. Thermal techniques like thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were also performed to study the comparative thermal stability of AgNPs and AuNPs where AgNPs were found to be thermally more stable. Several biophysical techniques including Thioflavin T assay, ANS assay, Rayleigh scattering method and turbidity assay were also performed. These assays confirm that AgNPs possess better inhibitory property. Moreover, antioxidant activity of AgNPs was also carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AgNPs were found to be good antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Avadhesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Shoeb Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rakhshanda Rehman
- Community College, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shahab A A Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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136
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Afrose SP, Mahato C, Sharma P, Roy L, Das D. Nonequilibrium Catalytic Supramolecular Assemblies of Melamine- and Imidazole-Based Dynamic Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:673-678. [PMID: 34990140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic nonequilibrium systems has gathered increasing attention due to their potential to illustrate the dynamic, complex, and emergent traits of biological systems. Simple building blocks capable of interacting via dynamic covalent chemistry and physical assembly in a reaction network under nonequilibrium conditions can contribute to our understanding of complex systems of life and its origin. Herein, we have demonstrated the nonequilibrium generation of catalytic supramolecular assemblies from simple heterocycle melamine driven by a thermodynamically activated ester. Utilizing a reversible covalent linkage, an imidazole moiety was recruited by the assemblies to access a catalytic transient state that dissipated energy via accelerated hydrolysis of the activated ester. The nonequilibrium assemblies were further capable of temporally binding to a hydrophobic guest to modulate its photophysical properties. Notably, the presence of an exogenous aromatic base augmented the lifetime of the catalytic microphases, reflecting their higher kinetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Pavel Afrose
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Chiranjit Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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137
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Cao Y, Li Z, Fan X, Liu M, Han X, Huang J, Xiong YL. Multifaceted functionality of L-arginine in modulating the emulsifying properties of pea protein isolate and the oxidation stability of its emulsions. Food Funct 2022; 13:1336-1347. [PMID: 35040853 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03372g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of L-arginine (Arg) at different concentrations (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%) on the antioxidant activity, structure and emulsifying properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) were explored. The intrinsic mechanisms of the reactions at different concentrations were specifically examined. With an increase in Arg concentration, the scavenging activities of ABTS+˙ and ˙OH and the Fe2+ chelating activity of PPI increased significantly (P < 0.05). The addition of Arg (0%-0.2%) significantly modified the PPI structure, causing an increase in protein solubility (from 66.2% to 79.0%) and a decrease in protein particle size (from 682 nm to 361 nm) (P < 0.05). In addition, treatment with Arg (0%-0.2%) effectively improved the emulsifying activity of PPI (by 28%), decreased the droplet size and viscosity of the emulsion, and enhanced the physical and oxidation stabilities of the emulsion. The increase in interfacial protein content and the absolute value of ζ-potential, and the microscopy images also showed that 0%-0.2% Arg treatment helped in forming a uniform and stable microemulsion. In contrast, a high concentration (0.5%-1.0%) of Arg diminished its positive effect on the emulsifying properties of PPI. Therefore, treatment with an appropriate concentration of Arg can significantly improve the emulsifying activity of PPI and enhance the stability of the emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhaorui Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Xinrui Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Youling L Xiong
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
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138
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Rodrigues ACM, Barbieri MV, Chino M, Manco G, Febbraio F. A FRET Approach to Detect Paraoxon among Organophosphate Pesticides Using a Fluorescent Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:561. [PMID: 35062524 PMCID: PMC8778994 DOI: 10.3390/s22020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of faster, sensitive and real-time methods for detecting organophosphate (OP) pesticides is of utmost priority in the in situ monitoring of these widespread compounds. Research on enzyme-based biosensors is increasing, and a promising candidate as a bioreceptor is the thermostable enzyme esterase-2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (EST2), with a lipase-like Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad with a high affinity for OPs. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a sensitive and reliable method to quantify OPs at environmentally relevant concentrations. For this purpose, the previously developed IAEDANS-labelled EST2-S35C mutant was used, in which tryptophan and IAEDANS fluorophores are the donor and the acceptor, respectively. Fluorometric measurements showed linearity with increased EST2-S35C concentrations. No significant interference was observed in the FRET measurements due to changes in the pH of the medium or the addition of other organic components (glucose, ascorbic acid or yeast extract). Fluorescence quenching due to the presence of paraoxon was observed at concentrations as low as 2 nM, which are considered harmful for the ecosystem. These results pave the way for further experiments encompassing more complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C. M. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.B.); (G.M.)
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139
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Ado G, Noda N, Vu HT, Perron A, Mahapatra AD, Arista KP, Yoshimura H, Packwood DM, Ishidate F, Sato SI, Ozawa T, Uesugi M. Discovery of a Phase-Separating Small Molecule That Selectively Sequesters Tubulin in Cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5760-5766. [PMID: 35694339 PMCID: PMC9116451 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-separated membraneless organelles or biomolecular condensates play diverse functions in cells, however recapturing their characteristics using small organic molecules has been a challenge. In the present study, cell-lysate-based screening of 843 self-assembling small molecules led to the discovery of a simple organic molecule, named huezole, that forms liquid droplets to selectively sequester tubulin. Remarkably, this small molecule enters cultured human cells and prevents cell mitosis by forming tubulin-concentrating condensates in cells. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a synthetic condensate out of non-peptidic small molecules for exogenous control of cellular processes. The modular structure of huezole provides a framework for designing a class of organelle-emulating small molecules. A non-peptidic small molecule, R-huezole, phase separates to selectively sequester tubulin proteins to control the cell cycle. Its modular structure provides a framework for designing bioactive molecules to mimic membraneless organelles in cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyir Ado
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Naotaka Noda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hue T Vu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Amelie Perron
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | | | - Karla Pineda Arista
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hideaki Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daniel M Packwood
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Ishidate
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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140
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Trusova V, Tarabara U, Zhytniakivska O, Vus K, Gorbenko G. Fӧrster resonance energy transfer analysis of amyloid state of proteins. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100059. [PMID: 37082586 PMCID: PMC10074846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a well-established and versatile spectroscopic technique extensively used for exploring a variety of biomolecular interactions and processes. The present review is intended to cover the main results of our FRET studies focused on amyloid fibrils, a particular type of disease-associated protein aggregates. Based on the examples of several fibril-forming proteins including insulin, lysozyme and amyloidogenic variants of N-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein A-I, it was demonstrated that: (i) the two- and three-step FRET with the classical amyloid marker Thioflavin T as an input donor has a high amyloid-sensing potential and can be used to refine the amyloid detection assays; (ii) the intermolecular time-resolved and single-molecule pulse interleaved excitation FRET can give quantitative information on the nucleation of amyloid fibrils; (iii) FRET between the membrane fluorescent probes and protein-associated intrinsic or extrinsic fluorophores is suitable for monitoring the membrane binding of fibrillar proteins, exploring their location relative to lipid-water interface and restructuring on a lipid matrix; (iv) the FRET-based distance estimation between fibril-bound donor and acceptor fluorophores can serve as one of the verification criteria upon structural modeling of amyloid fibrils.
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141
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Liu X, Liu W, Liu Q, Huang J, Zhang L, Hu H. Effect of salt ions on mixed gels of wheat gluten protein and potato isolate protein. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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142
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Zhang Y, Li H, Mai H, Luo D, Ji X, Liu Z, Peng S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Lan R, Li H. A responsive fluorescent probe for detecting and imaging pyruvate kinase M2 in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6494-6497. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and testified a fluorescent probe zy-2 for specific and responsive imaging of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which can be excited by 419 nm light. A...
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143
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Oguri H, Nakashima K, Godigamuwa K, Okamoto J, Takeda Y, Okazaki F, Sakono M, Kawasaki S. Solubilization and aggregation control of silica-polymerizing enzyme fused with a removable soluble protein. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:222-228. [PMID: 34924266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silicatein, a silica-polymerizing enzyme, is an attractive and promising biocatalyst in many applications such as the synthesis of bio-functionalized inorganic materials under mild conditions. However, its unfavorable aggregation in aqueous media due to its intermolecular hydrophobic interactions causes difficulties in handling and applications. This study aimed to enhance the solubility of silicatein via fusion with a small soluble protein, ProS2. ProS2-Sil showed high solubility and stability in aqueous media for more than 24 h. The aggregation property of ProS2-silicatein fusion protein (ProS2-Sil) was investigated with and without cleavage of ProS2 tag by site-specific protease. When ProS2 tag was removed, silicatein became aggregated, which was analyzed by transmission electron microscope and fluorescence microscope. ProS2-Sil and mature silicatein showed similar activities in silica polymerization. The present approach allows the utilization of silicatein in the fabrication of novel and functional inorganic biohybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Oguri
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kasun Godigamuwa
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Junnosuke Okamoto
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yudai Takeda
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawasaki
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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144
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Ferreira S, Machado L, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Rodrigues RM. Unraveling the nature of ohmic heating effects in structural aspects of whey proteins – The impact of electrical and electrochemical effects. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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145
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Conformational flexibility of the conserved hydrophobic pocket of HIV-1 gp41. Implications for the discovery of small-molecule fusion inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:90-99. [PMID: 34619276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During HIV-1 infection, the envelope glycoprotein subunit gp41 folds into a six-helix bundle structure (6HB) formed by the interaction between its N-terminal (NHR) and C-terminal (CHR) heptad-repeats, promoting viral and cell membranes fusion. A highly preserved, hydrophobic pocket (HP) on the NHR surface is crucial in 6HB formation and, therefore, HP-binding compounds constitute promising therapeutics against HIV-1. Here, we investigated the conformational and dynamic properties of the HP using a rationally designed single-chain protein (named covNHR) that mimics the gp41 NHR structure. We found that the fluorescent dye 8-anilino-naphtalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) binds specifically to the HP, suggesting that ANS derivatives may constitute lead compounds to inhibit 6HB formation. ANS shows different binding modes to the HP, depending on the occupancy of other NHR pockets. Moreover, in presence of a CHR peptide bound to the N-terminal pockets in gp41, two ANS molecules can occupy the HP showing cooperative behavior. This binding mode was assessed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the HP is conformationally flexible and connected allosterically to other NHR regions, which strongly influence the binding of potential ligands. These findings could guide the development of small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitors targeting the HP.
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146
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fpr1 functions as a chaperone to inhibit protein aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:40-50. [PMID: 34534579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPIases) accelerate the rate limiting step of protein folding by catalyzing cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl prolyl bonds. The larger PPIases have been shown to be multi-domain proteins, with functions other than isomerization of the proline-containing peptide bond. Recently, a few smaller PPIases have also been described for their ability to stabilize folding intermediates. The yeast Fpr1 (FK506-sensitive proline rotamase) is a homologue of the mammalian prolyl isomerase FKBP12 (FK506-binding protein of 12 kDa). Its ability to stabilize stressed cellular proteins has not been reported yet. We had earlier reported upregulation of Fpr1 in yeast cells exposed to proteotoxic stress conditions. In this work, we show that yeast Fpr1 exhibits characteristics typical of a general chaperone of the proteostasis network. Aggregation of mutant huntingtin fragment was higher in Fpr1-deleted as compared to parental yeast cells. Overexpression of Fpr1 led to reduced protein aggregation by decreasing the amount of oligomers and diverting the aggregation pathway towards the formation of detergent-soluble species. This correlated well with higher survival of these cells. Purified and enzymatically active yeast Fpr1 was able to inhibit aggregation of mutant huntingtin fragment and luciferase in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner; suggesting a direct action for aggregation inhibitory action of Fpr1. Overexpression of yeast Fpr1 was able to protect E. coli cells against thermal shock. This work establishes the role of Fpr1 in the protein folding network and will be used for the identification of novel pharmacological leads in disease conditions.
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147
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Alrosan M, Tan TC, Easa AM, Gammoh S, Alu'datt MH. Mechanism of the structural interaction between whey and lentil proteins in the unique creation of a protein structure. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5282-5294. [PMID: 34796499 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility is a substantial factor that restricts the production of high value-added lentil proteins (LPs). In this study, whey protein isolates (WPIs), which have high solubility and are used in various food industries, were mixed with LPs at pH 12 to create LP-WPI protein complexes with improved water solubility properties using pH-recycling approach (maintained at pH 12.0 for 60 min and then readjusting to pH 7.0). LP-WPI protein complexes produced in this study have gained high surface charge, increased in the solubilization of protein complexes to ≈92%, as well as improved resistance against protein aggregation. The ratio of LPs to WPIs has a significant effect on the generation of unique tertiary and secondary protein structures based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) technique via pH-recycling. The protein interaction between LPs and WPIs resulted in alteration on the surface morphology of the produced protein complexes. This study showed that electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic force, and hydrogen bond appear as major molecular forces in this PPI. The efficacy of the pH-recycling method used in this research indicates that this approach could be a robust approach to enhance the functional properties of food proteins. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The pH-recycling technique is a proven technique for protein complexation in creating novel protein complexes with improved functional properties. Even though lentils are a rich source of plant-based protein, its utilization by food industries is restricted due to the poor water solubility of lentil proteins (LPs). However, by using complexing lentil proteins with whey protein isolates (WPIs), that is, LP-WPI protein complex, was developed. The water solubility of LP-WPI protein complex was significantly higher than LPs, up to approximately 92%. In addition, this could improve the utilization of lentil seeds in food application as an alternative for animal-based proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alrosan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Mat Easa
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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148
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Kanagasundaram T, Laube M, Wodtke J, Kramer CS, Stadlbauer S, Pietzsch J, Kopka K. Radiolabeled Silicon-Rhodamines as Bimodal PET/SPECT-NIR Imaging Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1155. [PMID: 34832938 PMCID: PMC8623702 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled fluorescent dyes are decisive for bimodal imaging as well as highly in demand for nuclear- and optical imaging. Silicon-rhodamines (SiRs) show unique near-infrared (NIR) optical properties, large quantum yields and extinction coefficients as well as high photostability. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization and radiolabeling of novel NIR absorbing and emitting fluorophores from the silicon-rhodamine family for use in optical imaging (OI) combined with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively. The presented photostable SiRs were characterized using NMR-, UV-Vis-NIR-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the radiolabeling conditions using fluorine-18 or iodine-123 were extensively explored. After optimization, the radiofluorinated NIR imaging agents were obtained with radiochemical conversions (RCC) up to 70% and isolated radiochemical yields (RCY) up to 54% at molar activities of g.t. 70 GBq/µmol. Radioiodination delivered RCCs over 92% and allowed to isolate the 123I-labeled product in RCY of 54% at a molar activity of g.t. 7.6 TBq/µmol. The radiofluorinated SiRs exhibit in vitro stabilities g.t. 70% after two hours in human serum. The first described radiolabeled SiRs are a promising step toward their further development as multimodal PET/SPECT-NIR imaging agents for planning and subsequent imaging-guided oncological surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thines Kanagasundaram
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Carsten Sven Kramer
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.); (M.L.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Alrosan M, Tan T, Easa AM, Gammoh S, Kubow S, Alu'datt MH. Mechanisms of molecular and structural interactions between lentil and quinoa proteins in aqueous solutions induced by pH recycling. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alrosan
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang 11800 USM Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Thuan‐Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang 11800 USM Malaysia
| | - Azhar Mat Easa
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang 11800 USM Malaysia
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition Macdonald Campus McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Ste‐Anne‐De‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Muhammad H. Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
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Characterization of Conjugates between α-Lactalbumin and Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Effects on Molecular Structure and Proteolytic Stability. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206247. [PMID: 34684828 PMCID: PMC8539348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex foods, bioactive secondary plant metabolites (SPM) can bind to food proteins. Especially when being covalently bound, such modifications can alter the structure and, thus, the functional and biological properties of the proteins. Additionally, the bioactivity of the SPM can be affected as well. Consequently, knowledge of the influence of chemical modifications on these properties is particularly important for food processing, food safety, and nutritional physiology. As a model, the molecular structure of conjugates between the bioactive metabolite benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC, a hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin) and the whey protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) was investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy, anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering. Free amino groups were determined before and after the BITC conjugation. Finally, mass spectrometric analysis of the BITC-α-LA protein hydrolysates was performed. As a result of the chemical modifications, a change in the secondary structure of α-LA and an increase in surface hydrophobicity and hydrodynamic radii were documented. BITC modification at the ε-amino group of certain lysine side chains inhibited tryptic hydrolysis. Furthermore, two BITC-modified amino acids were identified, located at two lysine side chains (K32 and K113) in the amino acid sequence of α-LA.
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