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GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: a review. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1535-1546. [PMID: 32936319 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a peptide hormone, and a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. In normal physiology, GDF15 is expressed in multiple tissues at a low concentration. GDF15 is overexpressed during and following many pathological conditions such as tissue injury and inflammation in order to play a protective role. However, GDF15 appears to promote tumour growth in the later stages of malignant cancer. The recently identified endogenous receptor for GDF15, GDNF family receptor a-like (GFRAL), has allowed elucidation of a physiological pathway in which GDF15 regulates energy homeostasis and body weight, primarily via appetite suppression. The anorectic effect of GDF15 provides some therapeutic potential in management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and obesity. Despite the identification of GFRAL as a GDF15 receptor, there appears to be other signalling mechanisms utilized by GDF15 that further increase the possibility of development of therapeutic treatments, should these pathways be fully characterized. In this review, GDF15 function in both physiological and pathological conditions in various tissues will be discussed.
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102
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Hapke RY, Haake SM. Hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 487:10-20. [PMID: 32470488 PMCID: PMC7336507 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of many solid tumors is low oxygen conditions due to inadequate blood supply. Hypoxia induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) stabilization and downstream signaling. This signaling has pleiotropic roles in cancers, including the promotion of cellular proliferation, changes in metabolism, and induction of angiogenesis. In addition, hypoxia is becoming recognized as an important driver of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) in cancer. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their typical polarized states and transition to a more mobile mesenchymal phenotype. Hypoxia induces this transition by modulating EMT signaling pathways, inducing EMT transcription factor activity, and regulating miRNA networks. As both hypoxia and EMT modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are associated with immunosuppression, we also explore how these pathways may impact response to immuno-oncology therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M Haake
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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103
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Ahmad V. Prospective of extracellular matrix and drug correlations in disease management. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:147-160. [PMID: 33995610 PMCID: PMC8105415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises of many structural molecules that constitute the extracellular environment. ECM molecules are characterized by specific features like diversity, complexity and signaling, which are also results of improvement or development of disease mediated by some physiological changes. Several drugs have also been used to manage diseases and they have been reported to modulate ECM assembly, including physiological changes, beyond their primary targets and ECM metabolism. This review highlights the alteration of ECM environment for diseases and effect of different classes of drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immune suppressant drug, steroids on ECM or its components. Thus, it is summarized from previously conducted researches that diseases can be managed by targeting specific components of ECM which are involved in the pathophysiology of diseases. Moreover, the drug delivery focused on targeting the ECM components also has the potential for the discovery of targeted and site specific release of drugs. Therefore, ECM or its components could be future targets for the development of new drugs for controlling various disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varish Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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104
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Yang F, Sun Y, Bai Y, Li S, Huang L, Li X. Asthma Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization via the Transforming Growth Factor beta1/Smad Signaling Pathway in a Mouse Model. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 65:14-29. [PMID: 32781454 DOI: 10.1159/000510778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and asthma is controversial. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which plays a critical role in asthma, has been extensively studied with regard to its function in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of TGF-β and the possible mechanism of CNV formation complicated with asthma and to explore the effect of a TGF-β inhibitor on CNV development in asthma mouse models. METHODS Laser-induced CNV and ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse models were divided into five groups: control group, acute asthma group, chronic asthma group, inhibitor-treated acute asthma group, and inhibitor-treated chronic asthma group. The gene expression patterns of angiogenic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and inflammasomes in the control group, acute asthma group and chronic asthma group were detected using a QuantiGene Plex 6.0 Reagent System. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and histology of CNV lesions stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) were performed to evaluate CNV formation. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and VEGF expression and Smad2/3, AKT, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 signal transduction and phosphorylation in retinal and choroidal tissue from each group. RESULTS In this study, we verified that laser treatment led to more CNV and vascular leakage in asthmatic mice than that in control mice. The changes were particularly notable in the chronic asthma group. The respective TGF-β1, VEGF, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) mRNA and protein levels in retinal and choroidal tissue were significantly upregulated in both the acute and chronic asthma groups. After injection of a TGF-β inhibitor, a distinct decline in VEGF, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3 protein and mRNA levels was observed, and the mean CNV area also decreased. CONCLUSION We provide new evidence that asthma could be a risk factor for CNV development via the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. A TGF-β inhibitor can be applied as a useful, adjunctive therapeutic strategy for preventing CNV formation in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University & Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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105
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Zabala M, Lobo NA, Antony J, Heitink LS, Gulati GS, Lam J, Parashurama N, Sanchez K, Adorno M, Sikandar SS, Kuo AH, Qian D, Kalisky T, Sim S, Li L, Dirbas FM, Somlo G, Newman A, Quake SR, Clarke MF. LEFTY1 Is a Dual-SMAD Inhibitor that Promotes Mammary Progenitor Growth and Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:284-299.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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106
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da Silva Madaleno C, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. BMP signalling in a mechanical context - Implications for bone biology. Bone 2020; 137:115416. [PMID: 32422297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are extracellular multifunctional signalling cytokines and members of the TGFβ super family. These pleiotropic growth factors crucially promote bone formation, remodeling and healing after injury. Additionally, bone homeostasis is systematically regulated by mechanical inputs from the environment, which are incorporated into the bone cells' biochemical response. These inputs range from compression and tension induced by the movement of neighboring muscle, to fluid shear stress induced by interstitial fluid flow in the canaliculi and in the vascular system. Although BMPs are widely applied in a clinic context to promote fracture healing, it is still elusive how mechanical inputs modulate this signalling pathway, hindering an efficient and side-effect free application of these ligands in bone healing. This review aims to summarize the current understanding in how mechanical cues (tension, compression, shear force and hydrostatic pressure) and substrate stiffness modulate BMP signalling. We highlight the time-dependent effects in modulating immediate early up to long-term effects of mechano-BMP crosstalk during bone formation and remodeling, considering the interplay with other already established mechanosensitive pathways, such as MRTF/SRF and Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Madaleno
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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107
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Wang W, Rigueur D, Lyons KM. TGFβ as a gatekeeper of BMP action in the developing growth plate. Bone 2020; 137:115439. [PMID: 32442550 PMCID: PMC7891678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ligands that comprise the Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily highly govern the development of the embryonic growth plate. Members of this superfamily activate canonical TGFβ and/or BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) signaling pathways. How these pathways interact with one another is an area of active investigation. These two signaling pathways have been described to negatively regulate one another through crosstalk involving Smad proteins, the primary intracellular effectors of canonical signaling. More recently, a mechanism for regulation of the BMP pathway through TGFβ and BMP receptor interactions has been described. Here in this review, we demonstrate examples of how TGFβ is a gatekeeper of BMP action in the developing growth plate at both the receptor and transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Diana Rigueur
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
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108
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Díaz-García E, Jaureguizar A, Casitas R, García-Tovar S, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Zamarrón E, López-Collazo E, García-Río F, Cubillos-Zapata C. SMAD4 Overexpression in Patients with Sleep Apnoea May Be Associated with Cardiometabolic Comorbidities. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082378. [PMID: 32722512 PMCID: PMC7464800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with several diseases related to metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Although the mechanisms involved in the development of these disorders may vary, OSA patients frequently present an increase in transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), the activity of which is higher still in patients with hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular morbidity. Smad4 is a member of the small mother against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad) family of signal transducers and acts as a central mediator of TGFβ signalling pathways. In this study, we evaluate Smad4 protein and mRNA expression from 52 newly diagnosed OSA patients, with an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥30 and 26 healthy volunteers. These analyses reveal that OSA patients exhibit high levels of SMAD4 which correlates with variation in HIF1α, mTOR and circadian genes. Moreover, we associated high concentrations of Smad4 plasma protein with the presence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in these patients. Results suggest that increased levels of SMAD4, mediated by intermittent hypoxaemia and circadian rhythm deregulation, may be associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with sleep apnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Jaureguizar
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Casitas
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara García-Tovar
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- The Innate Immune Response Group, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.J.); (R.C.); (B.S.-S.); (E.Z.); (E.L.-C.); (F.G.-R.)
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Diseases Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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109
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Kim S, Lim JH, Woo CH. Therapeutic potential of targeting kinase inhibition in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 37:269-276. [PMID: 32693446 PMCID: PMC7606966 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. The fibrotic process ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and failure in chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, advanced kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common form of progressive and chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Pathophysiologically, the parenchyma of the lung alveoli, interstitium, and capillary endothelium becomes scarred and stiff, which makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar space and bloodstream. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and scarring of the lung tissue. Recent clinical trials focused on the development of pharmacological agents that either directly or indirectly target kinases for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, to develop therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of kinase signaling cascades in the regulation of either TGF-β-dependent or other signaling pathways, including Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase pathways, and potential therapeutic targets in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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110
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Bhati M, D Prabhu Y, Renu K, Vellingiri B, Thiagarajan P, Panda A, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Role of TGF-β signalling in PCOS associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:244-251. [PMID: 32682803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains intense due to its evolving impact on metabolism, reproduction and cardiovascular function. Changes in metabolic pathways can also significantly impact renal function including the development of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), one of the most highly investigated renal diseases. In FSGS, scarring of the glomerulus vascular tuft damages the kidneys. Onset of FSGS may either be congenital or due to other disorders that affect the metabolism and normal kidney function. Both PCOS and FSGS appear to be associated with Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signalling. Over-expression of TGF-β may be due to the activation of the thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) gene, which increases the probability of developing renal disorders. Higher androgen levels in PCOS may also cause podocyte damage thus directly impacting development of FSGS. This article reviews the role of TGF-β's in PCOS and FSGS and explores the inter-relationship between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bhati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yogamaya D Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics & Stem Cell Lab, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Padma Thiagarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aditi Panda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India.
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111
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Liu L, Lu M, Gu X, Ma X, Feng J, Cao Y, Gong W, Zhao Q, Qiang F. SMADs binding site polymorphisms rs9911630 is associated with susceptibility but not prognosis of gastric cancer: a case control study. J Cancer 2020; 11:4746-4753. [PMID: 32626521 PMCID: PMC7330692 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) can change their binding strength, affecting the function of transcription factors (TFs). Small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) proteins are known as a family of TFs involved in tumorigenesis. We performed this study to investigate whether SNPs in SMADs binding sites affect the susceptibility or prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Using bioinformatics tools, we focused on the association between rs9911630 polymorphism and GC. We performed this case-control study in 1275 GC patients and 1426 cancer-free subjects using TaqMan allelic discrimination method. Results: We found that rs9911630 A>G polymorphism was associate to an increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted OR for additive model = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.03-1.30). Furthermore, we assess whether rs9911630 polymorphism affected the prognosis of GC. However, no significant association was discovered between rs9911630 A>G polymorphism and overall survival time of GC patients (HR for addictive model = 1.01; 95%CI = 0.88-1.15). Conclusions: Our results suggested that rs9911630 polymorphism in SMADs target site might influence susceptibility but not prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulin Qiang
- Department of Core Laboratory, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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112
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Nagata A, Itoh F, Sasho A, Sugita K, Suzuki R, Hinata H, Shimoda Y, Suzuki E, Maemoto Y, Inagawa T, Fujikawa Y, Ikeda E, Fujii C, Inoue H. The evolutionarily conserved deubiquitinase UBH1/UCH-L1 augments DAF7/TGF-β signaling, inhibits dauer larva formation, and enhances lung tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9105-9120. [PMID: 32371398 PMCID: PMC7335803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling components by (de)ubiquitination is emerging as a key regulatory mechanism that controls cell signaling responses in health and disease. Here, we show that the deubiquitinating enzyme UBH-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and its human homolog, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), stimulate DAF-7/TGF-β signaling, suggesting that this mode of regulation of TGF-β signaling is conserved across animal species. The dauer larva-constitutive C. elegans phenotype caused by defective DAF-7/TGF-β signaling was enhanced and suppressed, respectively, by ubh-1 deletion and overexpression in the loss-of-function genetic backgrounds of daf7, daf-1/TGF-βRI, and daf4/R-SMAD, but not of daf-8/R-SMAD. This suggested that UBH-1 may stimulate DAF-7/TGF-β signaling via DAF-8/R-SMAD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of UCH-L1 on TGF-β signaling via its intracellular effectors, i.e. SMAD2 and SMAD3, in mammalian cells. Overexpression of UCH-L1, but not of UCH-L3 (the other human homolog of UBH1) or of the catalytic mutant UCH-L1C90A, enhanced TGF-β/SMAD-induced transcriptional activity, indicating that the deubiquitination activity of UCH-L1 is indispensable for enhancing TGF-β/SMAD signaling. We also found that UCH-L1 interacts, deubiquitinates, and stabilizes SMAD2 and SMAD3. Under hypoxia, UCH-L1 expression increased and TGF-β/SMAD signaling was potentiated in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Notably, UCH-L1-deficient A549 cells were impaired in tumorigenesis, and, unlike WT UCH-L1, a UCH-L1 variant lacking deubiquitinating activity was unable to restore tumorigenesis in these cells. These results indicate that UCH-L1 activity supports DAF-7/TGF-β signaling and suggest that UCH-L1's deubiquitination activity is a potential therapeutic target for managing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sasho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Sugita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hinata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimoda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Inagawa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuta Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jahangirimoez M, Medlej A, Tavallaie M, Mohammad Soltani B. Hsa-miR-587 Regulates TGFβ/SMAD Signaling and Promotes Cell Cycle Progression. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:158-164. [PMID: 31721529 PMCID: PMC6874787 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor beta/single mothers against decapentaplegic (TGFβ/SMAD) signaling pathway plays important roles in various biological processes. It acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of cancer progression. Discovering the regulators of this pathway provides important options for therapeutic strategies. Here, we searched for candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially target the critical components of the TGFβ signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current experimental study, we first predicted miRNAs that target TGFβ components using a bioinformatics software. After that, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-587, TGFBR2, SMAD4, p21, CCND1 and c-MYC genes in transfected HEK293T and HCT116 cells. Dual Luciferase assay was performed to analyze the interactions between miRNAs and the target genes. Propidium iodide flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle progression in HEK293T and HCT116 cells under hsa-miR-587 (miR-587) overexpression circumstances. RESULTS Multiple miRNA responsive elements (MREs) were predicted for miR-587 within the 3'UTRs of the TGFBR2 and SMAD4 genes. Overexpression of miR-587 in HEK293T and HCT116 cells resulted in downregulation of TGFBR2 and SMAD4 genes. In addition, a downstream target gene of TGFβ/SMAD signaling, P21, was significantly downregulated in the HCT116 cells overexpressing miR-587. Dual luciferase assay analysis provided evidence that there is a direct interaction between miR-587 and the 3'UTR sequences of TGFBR2 and SMAD4 genes. Moreover, miR-587 overexpression in HEK293T and HCT116 cells resulted in reducing the SubG1 cell populations in both cell lines, as detected by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data revealed an important role for miR-587 in regulating TGFβ/SMAD signaling and promoting cell cycle progression. These characteristics suggest that miR-587 is an important candidate for cancer therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Jahangirimoez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdallah Medlej
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavallaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Chen J, Hong Z, Hong Y, He X, Bi Q, Zhao C. Identification of DNA hydroxymethylation associated genes in osteoarthritis by combined analysis of hydroxymethylation and gene expression. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:700-707. [PMID: 31669118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to explore more mechanistic insights into the epigenetic regulation of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS The expression profiles (accession number: GSE64393 and GSE64394) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and control groups were identified. The distribution of DhMRs in the whole genome and the correlation between DhMRs and DEGs were analyzed. Functional module mining for the DEGs and DhMRs was conducted, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The transcriptional factor (TF) was predicted. RESULTS Total 52,282 DhMRs were obtained, among which 31,452 ones were annotated to 9726 genes. Additionally, 1806 DEGs were selected. Hydroxymethylation mainly occurred in gene body region. Correlation analysis revealed that more than 70% of DhMRs were uncorrelated with DEGs expression. Functional module mining for the DEGs and DhMRs identified 2 functional modules, which were involved in pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and TGF-β signaling pathway. A PPI network was constructed, and ITGB3 had the highest degree. Furthermore, 7 TFs were predicted, which regulated 12 candidate genes, such as HES1-PTEN. CONCLUSIONS The onset and progression of OA may be associated with the upregulated hydroxymethylation in gene body region of PTEN. HES1 may be important TF in the pathogenesis of OA. Additionally, pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and TGF-beta signaling pathway may also play important roles in OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Zheping Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China.
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Arisan ED, Dart A, Grant GH, Arisan S, Cuhadaroglu S, Lange S, Uysal-Onganer P. The Prediction of miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: hsa-miR Databases Identify 7 Key miRs Linked to Host Responses and Virus Pathogenicity-Related KEGG Pathways Significant for Comorbidities. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060614. [PMID: 32512929 PMCID: PMC7354481 DOI: 10.3390/v12060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the betacoronavirus family, which causes COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity in humans leads to increased mortality rates due to alterations of significant pathways, including some resulting in exacerbated inflammatory responses linked to the “cytokine storm” and extensive lung pathology, as well as being linked to a number of comorbidities. Our current study compared five SARS-CoV-2 sequences from different geographical regions to those from SARS, MERS and two cold viruses, OC43 and 229E, to identify the presence of miR-like sequences. We identified seven key miRs, which highlight considerable differences between the SARS-CoV-2 sequences, compared with the other viruses. The level of conservation between the five SARS-CoV-2 sequences was identical but poor compared with the other sequences, with SARS showing the highest degree of conservation. This decrease in similarity could result in reduced levels of transcriptional control, as well as a change in the physiological effect of the virus and associated host-pathogen responses. MERS and the milder symptom viruses showed greater differences and even significant sequence gaps. This divergence away from the SARS-CoV-2 sequences broadly mirrors the phylogenetic relationships obtained from the whole-genome alignments. Therefore, patterns of mutation, occurring during sequence divergence from the longer established human viruses to the more recent ones, may have led to the emergence of sequence motifs that can be related directly to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we identified 7 key-microRNAs (miRs 8066, 5197, 3611, 3934-3p, 1307-3p, 3691-3p, 1468-5p) with significant links to KEGG pathways linked to viral pathogenicity and host responses. According to Bioproject data (PRJNA615032), SARS-CoV-2 mediated transcriptomic alterations were similar to the target pathways of the selected 7 miRs identified in our study. This mechanism could have considerable significance in determining the symptom spectrum of future potential pandemics. KEGG pathway analysis revealed a number of critical pathways linked to the seven identified miRs that may provide insight into the interplay between the virus and comorbidities. Based on our reported findings, miRNAs may constitute potential and effective therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 and its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Damla Arisan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Alwyn Dart
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Guy H. Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton LU1 3JU, UK;
| | - Serdar Arisan
- Department of Urology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, 34360 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Songul Cuhadaroglu
- Thoracic Surgery Clinic, Memorial Hospital Sisli, Kaptanpasa Mah. Piyalepasa Bulvarı, 434385 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5151 (ext. 64581)
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Lee HM, Seo SR, Kim J, Kim MK, Seo H, Kim KS, Jang YJ, Ryu CJ. Expression dynamics of integrin α2, α3, and αV upon osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:210. [PMID: 32493499 PMCID: PMC7268774 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts (OBs) is a prerequisite for bone formation. However, little is known about the definitive surface markers for OBs during osteogenesis. Methods To study the surface markers on OBs, we generated and used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface molecules on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cancer cells. The generated MAbs were further selected toward expression changes on hMSCs cultured with TGF-β1/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) by flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed to identify target antigens of selected MAbs. Expression changes of the target antigens were evaluated in hMSCs, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry. hMSCs were also sorted by the MAbs using magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and osteogenic potential of sorted cells was evaluated via Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and qPCR. Results The binding reactivity of MR14-E5, one of the MAbs, was downregulated in hMSCs with ODM while the binding reactivity of ER7-A7, ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 MAbs was upregulated. Mass spectrometry and overexpression identified that MR14-E5, ER7-A7/ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 recognized integrin α2, α3, and αV, respectively. Upon osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the expression of integrin α2 was drastically downregulated, but the expression of integrin α3 and αV was upregulated in accordance with upregulation of osteogenic markers. Expression of integrin α3 and αV was also upregulated in hPDLCs and hDPCs during osteogenic differentiation. Cell sorting showed that integrin αV-high hMSCs have a greater osteogenic potential than integrin αV-low hMSCs upon the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Cell sorting further revealed that the surface expression of integrin αV is more dramatically induced even in integrin αV-low hMSCs. Conclusion These findings suggest that integrin α3 and αV induction is a good indicator of OB differentiation. These findings also shed insight into the expression dynamics of integrins upon osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and provide the reason why different integrin ligands are required for OB differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Se-Ri Seo
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Jeeseung Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Hyosun Seo
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Korea.
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
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Ren L, Liu W, Wang C, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang C, Li Y. The ancient Chinese formula Longdan Xiegan Tang improves antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia by repairing the hypothalamic and pituitary TGF-β1 signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112572. [PMID: 31940455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antipsychotics often induce hyperprolactinemia. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 signaling in the pituitary and hypothalamus inhibits prolactin synthesis and secretion, and its impairment is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Longdan Xiegan Tang (LXT) alone or together with antipsychotics have been used to treat various neuropsychiatric diseases and hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of LXT on hyperprolactinemia and involvement of the TGF-beta1 signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were co-administered with olanzapine (5 mg/kg) and LXT extract (50 and 500 mg/kg) (p.o., × 8 weeks). Plasma concentrations of prolactin and TGF-beta1 were determined by ELISA. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment of rats with LXT extract suppressed olanzapine-induced increase in plasma prolactin concentration and overexpression of pituitary and hypothalamic prolactin protein. Importantly, LXT restored olanzapine-induced decrease in protein expression of the key components of the TGF-beta1 signaling, TGF-beta1, type II TGF-beta receptor, type I TGF-beta receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the pituitary and hypothalamus. Further, it antagonized downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protein level, and inhibited pituitary estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that LXT ameliorates antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by repairing the pituitary and hypothalamic TGF-beta1 signaling possibly via D2R, ERs or/and other pathways. Our findings may also provide scientific elucidation for use of the ancient Chinese formula to treat the impaired TGF-beta1 signaling-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yifan Yang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Xiaoqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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Triantafillidis JK, Tzouvala M, Triantafyllidi E. Enteral Nutrition Supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, Colostrum, Probiotics, and Other Nutritional Compounds in the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1048. [PMID: 32290232 PMCID: PMC7230540 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition seems to play a significant role in the treatment of both adults and children with active Crohn's disease, and to a lesser degree in the treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis. The inclusion of some special factors in the enteral nutrition formulas might increase the rate of the efficacy. Actually, enteral nutrition enriched in Transforming Growth Factor-β reduced the activity index and maintained remission in patients with Crohn's disease. In addition, a number of experimental animal studies have shown that colostrum exerts a significantly positive result. Probiotics of a special type and a certain dosage could also reduce the inflammatory process in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the addition of these factors in an enteral nutrition formula might increase its effectiveness. Although the use of these formulas is not supported by large clinical trials, it could be argued that their administration in selected cases as an exclusive diet or in combination with the drugs used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease could benefit the patient. In this review, the authors provide an update on the role of enteral nutrition, supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, colostrum, and probiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology “St Panteleimon” General Hospital, ZC 18454 Nicea, Greece;
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Retinol dehydrogenase 10 promotes metastasis of glioma cells via the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2430-2437. [PMID: 31613821 PMCID: PMC6831065 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Because of the resistance of glioma to chemoradiotherapy and its aggressive growth, the survival rate of patients with glioma has not improved. This study aimed to disclose the effect of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) on the migration and invasion of glioma cells, and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of RDH10 in healthy glial cells and glioma cells. Human glioma cell strains, U87 and U251, were infected with negative control or RDH10-interfering lentiviruses. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the knockdown efficiency. Scratch and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration and invasion after RDH10 knockdown. Finally, changes in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathway-related expression were examined by Western blotting. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: RDH10 was highly expressed in glioma cells. Compared with the control group, RDH10 knockdown significantly reduced RDH10 messenger RNA and protein expression levels in U87 and U251 glioma cells (U87: 1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02, t = 16.55, P < 0.001; U251: 1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.39 ± 0.01, t = 6.30, P < 0.001). The scratch assay indicated that compared with the control group, RDH10 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration of glioma cells (U87: 1.00% ± 0.04% vs. 2.00% ± 0.25%, t = 6.08, P < 0.01; U251: 1.00% ± 0.11% vs. 2.48% ± 0.31%, t = 5.79, P < 0.01). Furthermore, RDH10 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasive capacity of glioma cells (U87: 97.30 ± 7.01 vs. 13.70 ± 0.58, t = 20.36, P < 0.001; U251: 96.20 ± 7.10 vs. 18.30 ± 2.08, t = 18.51, P < 0.001). Finally, Western blotting demonstrated that compared with the control group, downregulation of RDH10 significantly inhibited TGF-β expression, phosphorylated SMAD2, and phosphorylated SMAD3 (TGF-β: 1.00 ± 0.10 vs. 0.53 ± 0.06, t = 7.05, P < 0.01; phosphorylated SMAD2: 1.00 ± 0.20 vs. 0.42 ± 0.17, t = 4.01, P < 0.01; phosphorylated SMAD3: 1.00 ± 0.18 vs. 0.41 ± 0.12, t = 4.12, P < 0.01). Conclusion: RDH10 knockdown might inhibit metastasis of glioma cells via the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Transcriptomic and ChIP-seq Integrative Analysis Reveals Important Roles of Epigenetically Regulated lncRNAs in Placental Development in Meishan Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040397. [PMID: 32268606 PMCID: PMC7230623 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the placental fold, which increases the maternal–fetal interacting surface area, is of primary importance for the growth of the fetus throughout the whole pregnancy. However, the mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated. Increasing evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of RNAs with regulatory functions and could be epigenetically regulated by histone modifications. In this study, 141 lncRNAs (including 73 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated lncRNAs) were identified to be differentially expressed in the placentas of pigs during the establishment and expanding stages of placental fold development. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes (DElncRNA-DEgene) co-expression network analysis revealed that these differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were mainly enriched in pathways of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton organization, epithelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis, indicating that the DElncRNAs are related to the major events that occur during placental fold development. In addition, we integrated the RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) data with the ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) data of H3K4me3/H3K27ac produced from the placental samples of pigs from the two stages (gestational days 50 and 95). The analysis revealed that the changes in H3K4me3 and/or H3K27ac levels were significantly associated with the changes in the expression levels of 37 DElncRNAs. Furthermore, several H3K4me3/H3K27ac-lncRNAs were characterized to be significantly correlated with genes functionally related to placental development. Thus, this study provides new insights into understanding the mechanisms for the placental development of pigs.
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Vitiello GAF, Amarante MK, Oda JMM, Hirata BKB, de Oliveira CEC, Campos CZ, de Oliveira KB, Guembarovski RL, Watanabe MAE. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plasmatic levels in breast cancer and neoplasia-free women: Association with patients' characteristics and TGFB1 haplotypes. Cytokine 2020; 130:155079. [PMID: 32229413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts in a context-dependent manner. In breast cancer (BC) this cytokine exerts subtype- and stage-specific roles, inhibiting poorly aggressive tumors while enhances the invasive potential of highly aggressive cancers. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting TGFβ1 production largely reflect this pattern of association, but studies investigating systemic TGFβ1 levels in BC patients and their association with clinical features or SNPs produced conflicting conclusions. Therefore, the present work investigated plasmatic TGFβ1 levels through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 341 individuals previously genotyped for four TGFB1 SNPs [G-800A (rs1800468), C-509T (rs1800469), T29C (rs1800470) and G74C (rs1800471)], encompassing 184 neoplasia-free women with clinical information regarding health status, 113 treatment-free pre-surgery BC patients and 44 treated BC patients. Results have shown that TGFβ1 levels varied greatly in function of health status in neoplasia-free women, and disease-free individuals had higher TGFβ1 levels than both treatment-free or treated BC patients. There was no correlation between TGFβ1 with clinicopathological features in treatment-free BC general group, but it was negatively correlated with tumor size in luminal-B-HER2+ patients and with histopathological grade in triple-negative group. Also, TGFB1 ACTG haplotype (from G-800A to G74C) was associated with decreased TGFβ1 levels compared to the reference GCTG haplotype, and regression analyses showed that this association was independent of age, health status or BC diagnosis. In conclusion, several factors may influence TGFβ1 levels, and ACTG haplotype seems to be an important factor regulating TGFβ1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karina Banin Hirata
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Clodoaldo Zago Campos
- Department of Clinical Research, Londrina Cancer Hospital, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Ping Z, Peng Y, Lang H, Xinyong C, Zhiyi Z, Xiaocheng W, Hong Z, Liang S. Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3579143. [PMID: 32190171 PMCID: PMC7071808 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3579143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a distinct increase in the risk of heart disease in people exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the adverse side effects when people are exposed to ionizing radiation. IR may come from various forms, such as diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy for cancer treatment, nuclear disasters, and accidents. However, RIHD was mainly observed after radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors, especially left breast cancer. Radiation therapy (RT) has become one of the main ways to treat all kinds of cancer, which is used to reduce the recurrence of cancer and improve the survival rate of patients. The potential cause of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear, but it may be relevant to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupts intracellular homeostasis through chemical modification and damages proteins, lipids, and DNA; therefore, it results in a series of related pathophysiological changes. The purpose of this review was to summarise the studies of oxidative stress in radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and provide prevention and treatment methods to reduce cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ping
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Cai Xinyong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeng Zhiyi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Wu Xiaocheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeng Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Shao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
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Zevallos-Morales A, Murillo A, Dueñas-Roque MM, Prötzel A, Venegas-Tresierra L, Ángeles-Villalba V, Guevara-Cruz M, Chávez-Gil A, Fujita R, Guevara-Fujita ML. Novel mutation in ENG gene causing Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in a Peruvian family. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190126. [PMID: 32105286 PMCID: PMC7229872 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disorder of vascular development. Common manifestations include epistaxis, telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in multiple organs. Most patients have deletions or missense mutations in the ENG or ACVRL1 gene respectively, significantly affecting endothelium homeostasis. We analyzed the ENG gene in five members of a Peruvian family affected by HHT. One novel mutation was found in exon four of the ENG gene c.408delA, at aminoacid residue 136. This mutation changes the subsequent reading frame producing an early stop at residue 162, preserving only one fourth of the normal protein of 658 aa. This mutation was found in the four affected members of family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Zevallos-Morales
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Murillo
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ana Prötzel
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Ada Chávez-Gil
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria L Guevara-Fujita
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Lima, Peru
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Kim SJ, Park JH, Lee SA, Lee JG, Shin JM, Lee HM. All-trans retinoic acid regulates TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production via p38, JNK, and NF-κB-signaling pathways in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:636-645. [PMID: 32104972 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of vitamin A, is known to have anti-fibrogenic effects and regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, these abilities of ATRA may influence tissue remodeling in the upper airway. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of ATRA on the myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, cell migration, and collagen gel contraction and to determine the molecular mechanisms of ATRA in TGF-β1-induced nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). METHODS NPDFs were isolated from nasal polyp. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts were pretreated with ATRA. The expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1, fibronectin, phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and p-p50 (nuclear factor-kappaB [NF-κB]) were measured by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was analyzed with cell migration scratch assay and Transwell migration assay. Collagen contractile activity was measured using a collagen gel contraction assay. RESULTS ATRA had no significant cytotoxic effect in NPDFs. Expression levels of α-SMA, collagen type 1, and fibronectin stimulated by TGF-β1 were significantly downregulated in the ATRA-pretreated fibroblasts. TGF-β1-induced cell migration and collagen gel contraction were significantly inhibited by ATRA pretreatment. ATRA also significantly inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and p50 in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). CONCLUSION ATRA downregulated myofibroblast differentiation, ECM production, cell migration, and collagen gel contraction via p38, JNK-dependent NF-κB-signaling pathways in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. The findings suggest that ATRA could serve as a novel therapeutic agent to ameliorate nasal polyp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Geun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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125
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Campbell MG, Cormier A, Ito S, Seed RI, Bondesson AJ, Lou J, Marks JD, Baron JL, Cheng Y, Nishimura SL. Cryo-EM Reveals Integrin-Mediated TGF-β Activation without Release from Latent TGF-β. Cell 2020; 180:490-501.e16. [PMID: 31955848 PMCID: PMC7238552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ8 binds with exquisite specificity to latent transforming growth factor-β (L-TGF-β). This binding is essential for activating L-TGF-β presented by a variety of cell types. Inhibiting αvβ8-mediated TGF-β activation blocks immunosuppressive regulatory T cell differentiation, which is a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer. Using cryo-electron microscopy, structure-guided mutagenesis, and cell-based assays, we reveal the binding interactions between the entire αvβ8 ectodomain and its intact natural ligand, L-TGF-β, as well as two different inhibitory antibody fragments to understand the structural underpinnings of αvβ8 binding specificity and TGF-β activation. Our studies reveal a mechanism of TGF-β activation where mature TGF-β signals within the confines of L-TGF-β and the release and diffusion of TGF-β are not required. The structural details of this mechanism provide a rational basis for therapeutic strategies to inhibit αvβ8-mediated L-TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Cormier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saburo Ito
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Bondesson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianlong Lou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James D Marks
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jody L Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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126
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Lien K, Mayer W, Herrera R, Rosbe K, Tugizov SM. HIV-1 proteins gp120 and tat induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral and genital mucosal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226343. [PMID: 31869348 PMCID: PMC6927651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral, cervical, and genital mucosa, covered by stratified squamous epithelia with polarized organization and strong tight and adherens junctions, play a critical role in preventing transmission of viral pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-1 interaction with mucosal epithelial cells may depolarize epithelia and disrupt their tight and adherens junctions; however, the molecular mechanism of HIV-induced epithelial disruption has not been completely understood. We showed that prolonged interaction of cell-free HIV-1 virions, and viral envelope and transactivator proteins gp120 and tat, respectively, with tonsil, cervical, and foreskin epithelial cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is an epigenetic process leading to the disruption of mucosal epithelia and allowing the paracellular spread of viral and other pathogens. Interaction of cell-free virions and gp120 and tat proteins with epithelial cells substantially reduced E-cadherin expression and activated vimentin and N-cadherin expression, which are well-known mesenchymal markers. HIV gp120- and tat-induced EMT was mediated by SMAD2 phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors Slug, Snail, Twist1 and ZEB1. Activation of TGF-β and MAPK signaling by gp120, tat, and cell-free HIV virions revealed the critical roles of these signaling pathways in EMT induction. gp120- and tat-induced EMT cells were highly migratory via collagen-coated membranes, which is one of the main features of mesenchymal cells. Inhibitors of TGF-β1 and MAPK signaling reduced HIV-induced EMT, suggesting that inactivation of these signaling pathways may restore the normal barrier function of mucosal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Lien
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Wasima Mayer
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kristina Rosbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sharof M. Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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127
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Song N, Lee J, Cho S, Kim J, Oh JH, Shin A. Evaluation of gene-environment interactions for colorectal cancer susceptibility loci using case-only and case-control designs. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1231. [PMID: 31849324 PMCID: PMC6918639 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 40 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci, but only a small fraction of heritability was explained. To account for missing heritability, we investigated gene-environment interactions (G × Es) between GWAS-identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and established risk or protective factors for colorectal cancer using both case-only and case-control study designs. METHODS Data on 703 colorectal cancer cases and 1406 healthy controls from the National Cancer Center in Korea were used. We tested interactions between 31 GWAS-identified SNPs and 13 established risk or protective factors for colorectal cancer (family history, body mass index, history of colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes mellitus, alcohol drinking, smoking, regular exercise, regular aspirin use, postmenopausal hormone replace therapy, red meat and processed meat intake, and dairy consumption). Logistic regression models were used to assess G × Es for colorectal cancer risk. RESULTS The SNP rs4444235 at 14q22.2 interacted with regular exercise in colorectal cancer (pcase-only = 2.4 × 10- 3, pcase-control = 1.5 × 10- 3). The risk allele (C) of rs4444235 increased the risk of colorectal cancer in regularly exercising individuals (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02-2.10) but decreased the risk in non-exercising individuals (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62-0.94). Furthermore, the G × E between the SNP rs2423279 at 20p12.3 and regular aspirin use was statistically significant (pcase-only = 7.7 × 10- 3, pcase-control = 1.6 × 10- 3). The additive effect of the risk allele (T) of rs2423279 on colorectal cancer risk was increased among regular aspirin users (OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 1.97-10.80). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SNP rs4444235 at 14q22.2 and SNP rs2423279 at 20p12.3 may interact with regular exercise and aspirin use in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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128
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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129
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Lu B, Zhong J, Pan J, Yuan X, Ren M, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhang G, Liu D, Zhang C. Gdf11 gene transfer prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and improves metabolic homeostasis in obese and STZ-induced diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2019; 17:422. [PMID: 31847906 PMCID: PMC6915940 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) was shown to reverse age-related hypertrophy on cardiomyocytes and considered as anti-aging rejuvenation factor. The role of GDF11 in regulating metabolic homeostasis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the functions of GDF11 in regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. Methods Using a hydrodynamic injection approach, plasmids carrying a mouse Gdf11 gene were delivered into mice and generated the sustained Gdf11 expression in the liver and its protein level in the blood. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was employed to examine the impacts of Gdf11 gene transfer on HFD-induced adiposity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The impacts of GDF11 on metabolic homeostasis of obese and diabetic mice were examined using HFD-induced obese and STZ-induced diabetic models. Results Gdf11 gene transfer alleviates HFD-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver development. In obese and STZ-induced diabetic mice, Gdf11 gene transfer restores glucose metabolism and improves insulin resistance. Mechanism study reveals that Gdf11 gene transfer increases the energy expenditure of mice, upregulates the expression of genes responsible for thermoregulation in brown adipose tissue, downregulates the expression of inflammatory genes in white adipose tissue and those involved in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Overexpression of GDF11 also activates TGF-β/Smad2, PI3K/AKT/FoxO1, and AMPK signaling pathways in white adipose tissue. Conclusions These results demonstrate that GDF11 plays an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance and could be a target for pharmacological intervention to treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- The Science Research Center, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingzhi Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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Norling AM, Gerstenecker AT, Buford TW, Khan B, Oparil S, Lazar RM. The role of exercise in the reversal of IGF-1 deficiencies in microvascular rarefaction and hypertension. GeroScience 2019; 42:141-158. [PMID: 31808026 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has been linked with peripheral and central reductions in vascular density, and with devastating effects on brain function. However, the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive impairment have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we review compelling evidence from two lines of inquiry: one that links microvascular rarefaction with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) deficiencies, and another which posits that vascular dysfunction precedes hypertension. Based on the findings from experimental and clinical studies, we propose that these lines of evidence converge, and suggest that age-related declines in IGF-1 concentrations precede microvascular rarefaction, initiate an increase in vascular resistance, and therefore are causally linked to onset of hypertension. Physical exercise provides a relevant model for supporting our premise, given the well-established effects of exercise in attenuating vascular dysfunction, hypertension, IGF-1 deficiency, and cognitive decline. We highlight here the role of exercise-induced increases in blood flow in improving vascular integrity and enhancing angiogenesis via the actions of IGF-1, resulting in reversal of rarefaction and hypertension, and enhancement of cerebral blood flow and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Norling
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,The UAB Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adam T Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,The UAB Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bilal Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ronald M Lazar
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,The UAB Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA.
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131
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In vivo imaging of TGFβ signalling components using positron emission tomography. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2258-2272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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132
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Chen G, Hu C, Lai P, Song Y, Xiu M, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huang P. Association between TGF-β1 rs1982073/rs1800469 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis involving 7698 cases and controls. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18028. [PMID: 31764821 PMCID: PMC6882652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been several case-control studies to assess the relationship between the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) gene polymorphism and lung cancer in recent years; however, the results remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between the TGF-β1 T + 869C/C-509T polymorphism and increased risk of lung cancer through meta-analysis. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library database, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang Data Information Service platform to identify relevant case-control studies in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to evaluate the correlation between TGF-β1 gene polymorphism and lung tumor risk. Sensitivity analysis and Egger test were used to evaluate the stability of the results and possible publication bias. RESULTS A total of 8 studies, with 3680 patients and 4018 controls, were included. The meta-analysis revealed that there was no conspicuous correlation between the TGF-β1 T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) variant and lung cancer in the overall population. For TGF-β1 C-509T, a significant decreased risk was identified in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the analysis stratified by disease (TT vs CT + CC: P = .02, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.90). However, for TGF-β1 T + 869C, subgroup analysis showed no correlation between the T + 869C polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in patients with NSCLC. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no distinct association was observed between T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in the Asian and Caucasian groups. Moreover, no significant association was found in the analysis of groups stratified by age, sex, and smoking history. CONCLUSION The TGF-β1 T + 869C (rs1982073) and C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphisms are not implicated in lung cancer susceptibility in the overall population. However, our analysis indicated that the C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphism decreases the risk of lung cancer in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Cong Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Penghui Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin
| | - Mengxi Xiu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Haifei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Yiling Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Lei R, Li J, Liu F, Li W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chu X, Xu J. HIF-1α promotes the keloid development through the activation of TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3239-3250. [PMID: 31645185 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1670508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A keloid is defined as an overgrowth of the dense fibrous tissues that form around a wound. Since they destroy the vascular network, keloid tissues often exhibit anoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a core factor that mediates hypoxia stress responses and regulates the hypoxic cellular and biological behaviors. In this study, we found that the expression level of HIF-1α in keloid tissue was significantly higher than that in the normal skin tissue. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression significantly inhibited cellular apoptosis and promoted cellular proliferation in keloid fibroblasts but not in normal fibroblasts. Specifically, HIF-1α activated the TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways, and the interaction of these two pathways may promote the development of keloids. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that the inhibition of HIF-1α significantly reduced the growth of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihan Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Brown TJ, Kollara A, Shathasivam P, Ringuette MJ. Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain Containing 1 (VEPH1): an adaptor protein capable of modulating multiple signaling transduction pathways during normal and pathological development. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:116. [PMID: 31500637 PMCID: PMC6734325 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain-Containing 1 (VEPH1) is an 833-amino acid protein encoded by an evolutionarily conserved single-copy gene that emerged with pseudocoelomates. This gene has no paralog in any species identified to date and few studies have investigated the function of its encoded protein. Loss of expression of its ortholog, melted, in Drosophila results in a severe neural phenotype and impacts TOR, FoxO, and Hippo signaling. Studies in mammals indicate a role for VEPH1 in modulating TGFβ signaling and AKT activation, while numerous studies indicate VEPH1 expression is altered in several pathological conditions, including cancer. Although often referred to as an uncharacterized protein, available evidence supports VEPH1 as an adaptor protein capable of modulating multiple signal transduction networks. Further studies are required to define these adaptor functions and the role of VEPH1 in development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Premalatha Shathasivam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Soleimani A, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of TGF-β signaling regulatory microRNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14574-14580. [PMID: 30684274 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) modulates tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Biological and pharmacological agonists/antagonists, the interplay between intracellular signaling pathways, and microRNAs (miRNAs) control the initiation and activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. It has been proposed that the expression profiles of tumor suppressor and oncogenic TGF-β miRNAs may be used for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of human malignancies. Deregulated miRNAs and aberrant activation of TGF-β signaling are frequently found in human colorectal cancers (CRCs), but a little is known about their mechanisms of action in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of TGF-β signaling regulatory miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CRC for a better understanding and hence better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Aula H, Skyttä T, Tuohinen S, Luukkaala T, Hämäläinen M, Virtanen V, Raatikainen P, Moilanen E, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Transforming growth factor beta 1 levels predict echocardiographic changes at three years after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:155. [PMID: 31470867 PMCID: PMC6717329 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are cytokines involved in fibrotic processes causing radiotherapy (RT)-induced cardiovascular changes. We aimed to investigate the associations between TGF-β1 and PDGF and the echocardiographic changes that occur during RT and during three-year follow-up. METHODS The study included 63 women receiving adjuvant RT for early-stage breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ. Serum TGF-β1 (ng/ml) and PDGF (ng/ml) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and echocardiographic examination was performed before RT, after RT and at 3 years. Patients were grouped by biomarker behavior by a trajectory analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 decreased from 19.2 (IQR 17.1-22.3) before RT to 18.8 (14.5-22.0) after RT (p = 0.003) and the decrease persisted at 17.2 (13.7-21.2) 3 years after RT (p = 0.101). PDGF decreased from 15.4 (12.6-19.1) before RT to 13.8 (11.7-16.2) after RT, p = 0.001, and persisted at 15.6 (10.4-18.4) at 3 years, p = 0.661. The TGF-β1 level before RT (Spearman's rho 0.441, p < 0.001) and the three-year change in TGF-β1 (rho = - 0.302, p = 0.018) correlated with global longitudinal strain (GLS) in echocardiography at 3 years. In trajectory analysis, two TGF-β1 behavior groups were found. Group 1 had significantly higher TGF-β1 levels before RT, 25.6 (22.3-28.6), than group 2, 17.8 (15.9-19.9), p < 0.001. In multivariable analysis, TGF-β1 trajectory group 1 (β = 0.27, p = 0.013), left-sided breast cancer (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and the use of aromatase inhibitors (β = 0.29, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with a worsening in GLS from before RT to 3 years. CONCLUSION An elevated pretreatment TGF-β1 may predict RT-associated changes in echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Aula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Skyttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Tuohinen
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 340, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Innovation and Development Center, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Raatikainen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 340, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
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Liguori TTA, Liguori GR, Moreira LFP, Harmsen MC. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells' conditioned medium modulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition induced by IL-1β/TGF-β2 but does not restore endothelial function. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12629. [PMID: 31468648 PMCID: PMC6869467 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial cells undergo TGF‐β–driven endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT), representing up to 25% of cardiac myofibroblasts in ischaemic hearts. Previous research showed that conditioned medium of adipose tissue–derived stromal cells (ASC‐CMed) blocks the activation of fibroblasts into fibrotic myofibroblasts. We tested the hypothesis that ASC‐CMed abrogates EndMT and prevents the formation of adverse myofibroblasts. Materials and methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with IL‐1β and TGF‐β2 to induce EndMT, and the influence of ASC‐CMed was assessed. As controls, non‐treated HUVEC or HUVEC treated only with IL‐1β in the absence or presence of ASC‐CMed were used. Gene expression of inflammatory, endothelial, mesenchymal and extracellular matrix markers, transcription factors and cell receptors was analysed by RT‐qPCR. The protein expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Endothelial cell function was measured by sprouting assay. Results IL‐1β/TGF‐β2 treatment induced EndMT, as evidenced by the change in HUVEC morphology and an increase in mesenchymal markers. ASC‐CMed blocked the EndMT‐related fibrotic processes, as observed by reduced expression of mesenchymal markers TAGLN (P = 0.0008) and CNN1 (P = 0.0573), as well as SM22α (P = 0.0501). The angiogenesis potential was impaired in HUVEC undergoing EndMT and could not be restored by ASC‐CMed. Conclusions We demonstrated that ASC‐CMed reduces IL‐1β/TGF‐β2‐induced EndMT as observed by the loss of mesenchymal markers. The present study supports the anti‐fibrotic effects of ASC‐CMed through the modulation of the EndMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Argañaraz ME, Zampini R, Apichela SA, Barraza DE, Angiono G, Lombardo D. Embryo presence regulates NODAL/LEFTY2 system in the rat oviduct in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1652-1662. [PMID: 31418961 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To gain further insight in the mechanisms of the embryo-maternal dialog in the oviduct, expression of members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, NODAL, its inhibitor, LEFTY2, and their coreceptor, CFC1, were studied in the oviduct of 3-day post copula (3 dpc) females with and without embryos (E and NE), pseudopregnant rats (SP3), and in 3-day embryos. Nodal transcripts in SP3 oviducts showed a steady-state relative abundance when compared with proestrus stage and the 3 dpc. In contrast, Lefty2 and Cfc1 relative abundance levels in proestrus and 3 dpc were higher. When comparing E with NE oviducts, Nodal and Lefty2 expression levels decreased, while Cfc1 expression increased in the presence of embryos. Nodal messenger RNA (mRNA) was observed in the embryo, but Lefty2 and Cfc1 transcripts were not found. In addition, an increase in Lefty2 expression coincided with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 mRNA and protein in the oviduct and in the oviductal fluid, respectively. These observations have shed new light on the relevance of the NODAL/LEFTY2 pathway in the oviduct during early embryo development and the role of the embryo in modulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniela E Barraza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Georgina Angiono
- INITRA (Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Lombardo
- INITRA (Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cao J, Zhu W, Yu D, Pan L, Zhong L, Xiao Y, Gao Y, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Ji J, Yang H, Zhang S, Cao J. The Involvement of SDF-1α/CXCR4 Axis in Radiation-Induced Acute Injury and Fibrosis of Skin. Radiat Res 2019; 192:410-421. [PMID: 31390312 DOI: 10.1667/rr15384.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced acute skin injury and consequent fibrosis are common complications of cancer radiotherapy and radiation accidents. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been shown to be involved in multiple cellular events. However, the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in radiation-induced acute injury and fibrosis of skin has not been reported. In this study, we found that the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 was significantly increased in irradiated skin tissues of humans, monkeys and rats, compared to their nonirradiated counterparts. Mice with keratinocyte-specific ablation of CXCR4 showed less severe skin damage than wild-type mice after receiving a 35 Gy dose of radiation. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of AMD3100, an FDA approved SDF-1α/CXCR4 inhibitor, attenuated skin injury and fibrosis induced by exposure to radiation in a rat model. Mechanically, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis promotes pro-fibrotic TGF-b/Smad signaling through the PI3K-MAPK signaling cascade in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and skin fibroblast WS1 cells. AMD3100 inhibited Smad2 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Smad2/3 induced by radiation, which suppressed the pro-fibrotic TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway activated by exposure. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the involvement of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in radiation-induced acute injury and fibrosis of skin, and indicate that AMD3100 would be an effective countermeasure against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Departments of Plastic Surgery
| | - Lu Pan
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuji Xiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiying Gao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Departments of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213100, China.,Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2019; 6:201-223. [PMID: 32042861 PMCID: PMC6997590 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
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Yuan B, Liu J, Cao J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Wang F, Zhu Y, Xiao M, Liu S, Ye Y, Ma L, Xu D, Xu N, Li Y, Zhao B, Xu P, Jin J, Xu J, Chen X, Shen L, Lin X, Feng X. PTPN3 acts as a tumor suppressor and boosts TGF-β signaling independent of its phosphatase activity. EMBO J 2019; 38:e99945. [PMID: 31304624 PMCID: PMC6627230 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β controls a variety of cellular functions during development. Abnormal TGF-β responses are commonly found in human diseases such as cancer, suggesting that TGF-β signaling must be tightly regulated. Here, we report that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 3 (PTPN3) profoundly potentiates TGF-β signaling independent of its phosphatase activity. PTPN3 stabilizes TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) through attenuating the interaction between Smurf2 and TβRI. Consequently, PTPN3 facilitates TGF-β-induced R-Smad phosphorylation, transcriptional responses, and subsequent physiological responses. Importantly, the leucine-to-arginine substitution at amino acid residue 232 (L232R) of PTPN3, a frequent mutation found in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), disables its role in enhancing TGF-β signaling and abolishes its tumor-suppressive function. Our findings have revealed a vital role of PTPN3 in regulating TGF-β signaling during normal physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jinquan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jin Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hanchenxi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fei Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mu Xiao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Sisi Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Dewei Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ningyi Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianping Jin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xin‐Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Michael DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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142
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Zhang P, He J, Wang F, Gong J, Wang L, Wu Q, Li W, Liu H, Wang J, Zhang K, Li M, Huang X, Pu C, Li Y, Jiang F, Wang F, Min J, Chen X. Hemojuvelin is a novel suppressor for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and age-related muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:557-573. [PMID: 30884219 PMCID: PMC6596404 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting occurs in response to various physiological and pathological conditions, including ageing and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contributes to muscle pathogenesis in elderly people and DMD patients; inhibition of TGF-β1 signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy for muscle-wasting disorders. Hemojuvelin (HJV or Hjv as the murine homologue) is a membrane-bound protein that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver. In hepatic cells, Hjv acts as a coreceptor for bone morphogenetic protein, a TGF-β subfamily member. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Hjv plays an essential role in muscle physiological and pathophysiological processes by acting as a coreceptor for TGF-β1 signalling. METHODS Conventional and conditional Hjv knockout mice as well as mdx and aged mice transfected with Hjv overexpression vector were used to study the role of Hjv in muscle physiology and pathophysiology. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry examinations were conducted to evaluate gene, protein, and structural changes in vivo and in vitro. Exercise endurance was determined using treadmill running test, and muscle force was detected by an isometric transducer. RNA interference, immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were utilized to explore the mechanism by which Hjv regulates TGF-β1 signalling in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Conventional and conditional Hjv knockout mice displayed muscle atrophy, fibrosis, reduced running endurance, and muscle force. HJV was significantly down-regulated in the muscles of DMD patients (n = 3, mean age: 11.7 ± 5.7 years) and mdx mice as well as in those of aged humans (n = 10, 20% women, mean age: 75.1 ± 9.5 years) and mice. Overexpression of Hjv rescued dystrophic and age-related muscle wasting. Unlike its function in hepatic cells, the bone morphogenetic protein downstream phosphorylated p-Smad1/5/8 signalling pathway was unchanged, but TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor II (TβRII), and p-Smad2/3 expression were increased in Hjv-deficient muscles. Mechanistically, loss of Hjv promoted activation of Smad3 signalling induced by TGF-β1, whereas Hjv overexpression inhibited TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling by directly interacting with TβRII on the muscle membrane. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify an unrecognized role of HJV in skeletal muscle by regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling as a coreceptor for TβRII. Unlike the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, HJV could be a reliable drug target as its expression is not widespread. Novel therapeutic strategies could potentially be devised to interfere only with the muscle function of HJV to treat DMD and age-related muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- No. 454 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Jiang
- No. 454 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanjing, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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143
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LXRα limits TGFβ-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma associated fibroblast differentiation. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:36. [PMID: 31097694 PMCID: PMC6522550 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is deposited in the extracellular space of diverse tissues. Resident fibroblasts respond to TGFβ and undergo myofibroblastic differentiation during tissue wound healing and cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) communicate with tumor cells during cancer progression, under the guidance of TGFβ signaling. We report that agonist-activated liver X receptors (LXR) limit the expression of key components of myofibroblast differentiation, including the α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) gene in liver cancer cells. CAFs derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) express high αSMA and low LXRα levels, whereas hepatocarcinoma cells exhibit an inverse expression pattern. All hepatoma cells analyzed responded to the LXRα agonist T0901317 by inducing fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression. On the other hand, T0901317 antagonized TGFβ-induced fibroblastic marker responses, such as fibronectin and calponin, in a subset of hepatoma cells and all CAFs analyzed. Mechanistically, LXRα antagonized TGFβ signaling at the transcriptional level. Smad3 and LXRα were recruited to adjacent DNA motifs of the ACTA2 promoter. Upon cloning the human ACTA2 promoter, we confirmed its transcriptional induction by TGFβ stimulation, and LXRα overexpression repressed the promoter activity. Hepatosphere formation by HCC cells was enhanced upon co-culturing with CAFs. T0901317 suppressed the positive effects exerted on hepatosphere growth by CAFs. Taken together, the data suggest that LXRα agonists limit TGFβ-dependent CAF differentiation, potentially limiting primary HCC growth.
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144
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Roane BM, Arend RC, Birrer MJ. Review: Targeting the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050668. [PMID: 31091744 PMCID: PMC6562901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, there has been limited progress in optimizing treatment of ovarian cancer patients. The vast majority of patients experience recurrence within a few years despite a high response rate to upfront therapy. The minimal improvement in overall survival of ovarian cancer patients in recent decades has directed research towards identifying specific biomarkers that serve both as prognostic factors and targets for therapy. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of proteins that have been well studied and implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, both in normal physiologic development and malignant cellular growth. Hypersignaling via the TGF-β pathway is associated with increased tumor dissemination through various processes including immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, and increased epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. This pathway has been studied in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. As targeted therapy has become increasingly prominent in drug development and clinical research, biomarkers such as TGF-β are being studied to improve outcomes in the ovarian cancer patient population. This review article discusses the role of TGF-β in ovarian cancer progression, the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling, and the targeted therapies aimed at the TGF-β pathway that are currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Michael J Birrer
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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145
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Amerizadeh F, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Hesari A, Rezayi M, Talebian S, Maftouh M, Moetamani-Ahmadi M, Seifi S, Shahidsales S, Joudi-Mashhad M, Ferns GA, Ghasemi F, Avan A. Current status and future prospects of transforming growth factor-β as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6962-6971. [PMID: 30672016 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the important pathways involved in the cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as in metastasis by agitation or invasion of metastasis-related factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These data suggest its potential value as a therapeutic object in the treatment of malignancies including breast cancer. Several pharmacological approaches have been established to suppress TGF-β pathway; such as vaccines, small molecular inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies. Some of these are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway. This study attempts to summarize the current data about the functions of TGF-β in cancer cells, and their probable application in the cancer therapy with a specific emphasis on recent preclinical and clinical research in the treatment of breast cancer and its prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Talebian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sima Seifi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mona Joudi-Mashhad
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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146
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1281-1324. [PMID: 30864875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype displaying typical mesenchymal cell morphology and functions, including the acquisition of cellular motility and contractile properties. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific proteins such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and initiate the expression of mesenchymal cell-specific genes and the production of their encoded proteins including α-smooth muscle actin, extra domain A fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, also known as S100A4 protein, and fibrillar type I and type III collagens. Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered the main EndMT inducer. However, EndMT involves numerous molecular and signaling pathways that are triggered and modulated by multiple and often redundant mechanisms depending on the specific cellular context and on the physiological or pathological status of the cells. EndMT participates in highly important embryonic development processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of numerous genetically determined and acquired human diseases including malignant, vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of EndMT remain to be elucidated. The identification of molecules and regulatory pathways involved in EndMT and the discovery of specific EndMT inhibitors should provide novel therapeutic approaches for various human disorders mediated by EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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147
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Carmagnola D, Pellegrini G, Dellavia C, Rimondini L, Varoni E. Tissue engineering in periodontology: Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:241-257. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819828558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Teeth and the periodontal tissues represent a highly specialized functional system. When periodontal disease occurs, the periodontal complex, composed by alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, can be lost. Periodontal regenerative medicine aims at recovering damaged periodontal tissues and their functions by different means, including the interaction of bioactive molecules, cells, and scaffolds. The application of growth factors, in particular, into periodontal defects has shown encouraging effects, driving the wound healing toward the full, multi-tissue periodontal regeneration, in a precise temporal and spatial order. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to update the state of the art concerning tissue engineering in periodontology, focusing on biological mediators and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carmagnola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Pellegrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Dellavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases, CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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148
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Lu HJ, Yan J, Jin PY, Zheng GH, Zhang HL, Bai M, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. Mechanism of MicroRNA-708 Targeting BAMBI in Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis in Mice With Melanoma via the Wnt and TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 17:1533034618756784. [PMID: 29466930 PMCID: PMC5826012 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618756784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms involved with miRNA-708 and its targeting of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in mice with melanoma via the Wnt and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways. Methods: Sixty mice were recruited of which 40 were subsequently assigned into the experimental group (22 mice were successfully established as melanoma model and 18 mice used in tumor xenograft), and the normal control group consisted of 20 mice. B16 cells were assigned to the normal, blank, and negative control, miR-708 mimics, miR-708 inhibitors, si-BAMBI, and miR-708 inhibitors + si-bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor groups. Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect the expression levels within the tissues and cell lines. TCF luciferase reporter (TOP-FLASH) or a control vector (FOP-FLASH) was applied to detect the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway. MTT3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, scratch test, and Transwell assay were conducted, respectively, for cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, while tumor xenograft procedures were performed on the nude mice recruited for the study. Results: Compared to the normal control group, the model group displayed increased expressions of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor, Wnt10B, P53, and Bcl-2; TOPflash activity; β-catenin expression; cell proliferation; migration; and invasion capabilities while decreased expressions of miR-708, vascular endothelial growth factor, Fas, Bax, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3 and apoptosis rate. Compared to the blank and negative control groups, the miR-708 mimics and small-interfering RNA-bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor groups exhibited decreases expressions of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor, Wnt10B, P53, and Bcl-2 and decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, while increases in the apoptosis rate, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, Fas, Bax, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3; however, downregulated levels of TOPflash activity and β-catenin expression were recorded. The miR-708 inhibitors group displayed an opposite trend. Conclusion: Downregulation of miR-708-targeted bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor inhibits the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells through the activation of the transforming growth factor β pathway and the suppression of Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Lu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- 3 Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ying Jin
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- 4 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- 4 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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149
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Bataller A, Montalban-Bravo G, Soltysiak KA, Garcia-Manero G. The role of TGFβ in hematopoiesis and myeloid disorders. Leukemia 2019; 33:1076-1089. [PMID: 30816330 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in embryological development and tissue homeostasis has been thoroughly characterized. Its canonical downstream cascade is well known, even though its true complexity and other non-canonical pathways are still being explored. TGFβ signaling has been described as an important pathway involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the hematopoietic compartment, the TGFβ pathway is an important regulator of proliferation and differentiation of different cell types and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a diverse variety of bone marrow disorders. Due to its importance in hematological diseases, novel inhibitors of this pathway are being developed against a number of hematopoietic disorders, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this review, we provide an overview of the TGFβ pathway, focusing on its role in hematopoiesis and impact on myeloid disorders. We will discuss therapeutic interventions with promising results against MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bataller
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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150
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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